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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#議員產生"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>議員產生</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-議員產生-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-權力限制" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#權力限制"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>權力限制</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-權力限制-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-議長、副議長" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#議長、副議長"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>議長、副議長</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-議長、副議長-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关議長、副議長子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-議長、副議長-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-各國制度" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#各國制度"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>各國制度</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-各國制度-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-_美国" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#_美国"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span><span> </span>美国</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-_美国-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-_英国" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#_英国"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.2</span> <span><span> </span>英国</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-_英国-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-_日本" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#_日本"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.3</span> <span><span> </span>日本</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-_日本-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-_朝鮮民主主義人民共和國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#_朝鮮民主主義人民共和國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.4</span> <span><span> </span>朝鮮民主主義人民共和國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-_朝鮮民主主義人民共和國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-_大韓民國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#_大韓民國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.5</span> <span><span> </span>大韓民國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-_大韓民國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-_中華民國（臺灣）" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#_中華民國（臺灣）"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.6</span> <span><span> </span>中華民國（臺灣）</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-_中華民國（臺灣）-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-_中华人民共和国" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#_中华人民共和国"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.7</span> <span><span> </span>中华人民共和国</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-_中华人民共和国-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-_香港" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#_香港"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.7.1</span> <span><span> </span>香港</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-_香港-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-_澳門" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#_澳門"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.7.2</span> <span><span> </span>澳門</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-_澳門-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>參考資料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">民意代表</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。21种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%B9_(%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86)" title="مشرع (قانون) – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مشرع (قانون)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lehislador" title="Lehislador – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Lehislador" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="আইনপ্রণেতা – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আইনপ্রণেতা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislador" title="Legislador – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Legislador" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislator" title="Legislator – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Legislator" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislador" title="Legislador – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Legislador" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="قانون‌گذار – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قانون‌گذار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="विधिकार – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विधिकार" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B6ggjafi" title="Löggjafi – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Löggjafi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislatore" title="Legislatore – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Legislatore" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AD%B0%E5%93%A1" title="議員 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="議員" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%95" title="ಶಾಸಕ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಶಾಸಕ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%85%EB%B2%95%EC%9E%90" title="입법자 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="입법자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deput%C4%81ts" title="Deputāts – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Deputāts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislator" title="Legislator – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Legislator" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%95" title="ਵਿਧਾਇਕ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਿਧਾਇਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prawodawca" title="Prawodawca – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Prawodawca" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakonodavac" title="Zakonodavac – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zakonodavac" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1konodarca" title="Zákonodarca – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zákonodarca" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%AB-go%C3%A2n" title="Gī-goân – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Gī-goân" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AD%B0%E5%93%A1" title="議員 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="議員" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4175034#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8&oldid=83667696" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8&id=83667696&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%25B0%2591%25E6%2584%258F%25E4%25BB%25A3%25E8%25A1%25A8"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%25B0%2591%25E6%2584%258F%25E4%25BB%25A3%25E8%25A1%25A8"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Legislators" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4175034" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">（重定向自<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%AE%E5%91%98&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="议员">议员</a>）</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ambox_globe_content.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Globe icon"><img alt="Globe icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/40px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/60px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/80px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>論述以部分區域為主</b>，未必有<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%81%BF%E5%85%8D%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="Wikipedia:避免地域中心">普世通用</a>的觀點。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>請<span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8&action=edit">協助補充內容</a></span>以<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%81%BF%E5%85%8D%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="Wikipedia:避免地域中心">避免偏頗</a>，或<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8" title="Talk:民意代表">討論</a>本文的問題。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要补充更多<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2024年6月23日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助補充多方面<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>，<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查证">无法查证</a>的内容可能會因為<a href="/wiki/Template:Fact" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Fact">异议提出</a>而被移除。<br />致使用者：请搜索一下条目的标题（来源搜索：<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?&as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%22">"民意代表"</a> — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?q=%22%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%22">网页</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=&as_src=-newswire+-wire+-presswire+-PR+-press+-release+-wikipedia&q=%22%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%22">新闻</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_pub=-icon&q=%22%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%22">书籍</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//scholar.google.com/scholar?&q=%22%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%22">学术</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&safe=off&q=%22%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%22">图像</a></span>），以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">判定指引</a>）。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>民意代表</b>，又稱為<b>代議士</b>、<b>議員</b>、<b>政治代理人</b>，是由人民以<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="選舉">選舉</a>方式產生，代表人民議決政事的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%8B%99%E5%93%A1" title="公務員">公務員</a>，簡稱<b>民代</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83946278">.mw-parser-output .template-facttext{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;margin:-.3em 0;padding:.3em 0}</style><mark class="template-facttext" title="需要提供文献来源">按照字面意思解釋，是指代表多數人的意思，也等同於群眾的意見<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%98%E8%A2%96" title="領袖">領袖</a></mark><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求开始于2024年6月23日。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup>。在現代的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E8%AD%B0%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="代議制度">代議制度</a>中，人民藉由選舉選出民意代表，來行使<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%B4%E6%8E%A5%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="间接民主">間接民主</a>的權利。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="稱呼"><span id=".E7.A8.B1.E5.91.BC"></span>稱呼</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：稱呼"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>民意代表依所任職機關層級之不同，可分為<b>中央民代</b>與<b>地方民代</b>。中央民意代表通常於各國<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A" title="国民议会">國會</a>或相當於最高立法機關的政府部門服務，隨著各國體制相異，稱作國會（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%83%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="參議院">參議院</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2" title="上議院">上議院</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%BE%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="眾議院">眾議院</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2" title="下議院">下議院</a>）議員、國會（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E9%99%A2%E5%88%B6" title="一院制">一院制</a>）議員、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="国民大会">国民大会</a>代表<sup>（2005年凍結）</sup>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="立法院">立法院</a>立法委員、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="香港特別行政區立法會">立法會</a>議員、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83" title="人民代表大會">人民代表大會</a>代表等。在各<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" class="mw-disambig" title="地方">地方</a>民意機關，有<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%9E" title="州">州</a>議會、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%81" title="省">省</a>議會、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E8%BE%96%E5%B8%82" title="直辖市">直轄市</a>議會、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="縣">縣</a>議會、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82" title="市">市</a>議會、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-disambig" title="区">区</a>議會議員，或稱省（縣、市、<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%89" class="mw-redirect" title="鄉">鄉</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="鎮">鎮</a>）人大代表、<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%89_(%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B)" title="鄉 (中華民國)">鄉</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%AE_(%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B)" title="鎮 (中華民國)">鎮</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%A3%E8%BD%84%E5%B8%82" title="縣轄市">市</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E8%BD%84%E5%B8%82%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91%E5%8D%80" title="直轄市山地原住民區">區</a>）民代表會代表等。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="特權"><span id=".E7.89.B9.E6.AC.8A"></span>特權</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：特權"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>通常議員在議場內受保護，在會內所作言論及表決對外不必負責，並且有不被逮捕的特權。有些議會只限會期內有保護不被逮捕，而有些議會不分會期或休會期間皆有保護。 </p><p>以<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a>為例：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95" title="中華民國憲法">憲法</a>第七十三條規定「立法委員在院內所為之言論及表決，對院外不負責任。」第七十四條規定「<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="立法委員">立法委員</a>除<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E8%A1%8C%E7%8A%AF" title="現行犯">現行犯</a>外，在會期中，非經<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="立法院">立法院</a>許可，不得<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%AE%E6%8D%95" title="逮捕">逮捕</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%98%E7%A6%81" class="mw-redirect" title="拘禁">拘禁</a>。」 </p><p>中華民國之<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6%E6%B3%95" class="extiw" title="s:地方制度法">地方制度法</a>第五十條規定「<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E8%BD%84%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="直轄市">直轄市</a>議會、縣（市）議會、鄉民（鎮民、市民）代表會開會時，直轄市議員、縣（市）議員、鄉民（鎮民、市民）代表對於有關會議事項所為之言論及表決，對外不負責任。但就無關會議事項所為顯然違法之言論，不在此限。」第五十一條規定「直轄市議員、縣（市）議員、鄉（鎮、市）民代表除現行犯、通緝犯外，在會期內，非經直轄市議會、縣（市）議會、鄉（鎮、市）民代表會之同意，不得逮捕或拘禁。」 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="議員產生"><span id=".E8.AD.B0.E5.93.A1.E7.94.A2.E7.94.9F"></span>議員產生</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：議員產生"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>國會及地方議會議員由公民直接選舉產生或是下一級之地方議會實施間接選舉產生，或是依照政黨比例產生。地方之議員由該級地方人民直接選舉產生，或由下一級地方之議會實施間接選舉產生。議員對選民或產生他的機構負責，通常投票產生的議員可以被<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%B7%E5%85%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="罷免">罷免</a>；而依照政黨比例代表（不分區）的議員，除非失去黨籍，否則不能被罷免。 </p><p>不同國家的議員選舉有不同的選舉制度，有<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E4%B8%80%E9%81%B8%E5%8D%80%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="單一選區制">單一選區制</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A4%87%E6%95%B8%E9%81%B8%E5%8D%80%E5%88%B6" title="複數選區制">複數選區制</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E5%88%B6" class="mw-disambig" title="混合制">混合制</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E7%AB%8B%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="聯立制">聯立制</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B6%E7%AB%8B%E5%88%B6" title="并立制">並立制</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E4%BE%8B%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%88%B6" title="比例代表制">比例代表制</a>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E4%B8%80%E9%81%B8%E5%8D%80%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="單一選區制">單一選區制</a>，即是每一個選區中只產生一名議員，此種制度對於強勢的政黨比較有利，容易形成<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A9%E9%BB%A8%E5%88%B6" title="兩黨制">兩黨制</a>。單一選區主要在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a>的區域<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2#立法委員" title="立法院">立法委員</a>及其他<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%95%8F%E5%88%B6" title="西敏制">西敏制</a>国家。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%A4%87%E6%95%B8%E9%81%B8%E5%8D%80%E5%88%B6" title="複數選區制">複數選區制</a>，又可稱为分區比例代表制，則是每一個選區中可產生多名議員，這種方法可以保障小黨或是無黨籍的候選人當選。在這種制度下（尤其是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%AF%E8%BD%89%E7%A7%BB%E5%96%AE%E7%A5%A8%E5%88%B6" title="不可轉移單票制">不可轉移單票制</a>），同一政黨之候選人們必須避免其中一兩人的票數過高導致該黨只有少數人當選，因此產生了<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E7%A5%A8" title="配票">配票</a>機制。主要在<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="意大利">意大利</a>、中華民國的<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="臺灣原住民族">原住民</a>立法委員及地方議員等。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E4%BE%8B%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%88%B6" title="比例代表制">比例代表制</a>，議員根據<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E9%BB%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="政黨">政黨</a>得票比例根據大區或全國不分區選出，主要在<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲">歐洲</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="拉丁美洲">拉丁美洲</a>国家的議會選舉及中華民國的全國不分區立法委員等。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="權力限制"><span id=".E6.AC.8A.E5.8A.9B.E9.99.90.E5.88.B6"></span>權力限制</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：權力限制"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>通常在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B" title="法律">法律</a>或是各議會的內部法規規定議員對於個人利害關係的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%B0%E6%A1%88" title="議案">議案</a>審議及<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E6%B1%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="表決">表決</a>應主動迴避，不得參與，以免發生<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E7%9B%8A%E8%A1%9D%E7%AA%81" title="利益衝突">利益衝突</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="議長、副議長"><span id=".E8.AD.B0.E9.95.B7.E3.80.81.E5.89.AF.E8.AD.B0.E9.95.B7"></span>議長、副議長</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：議長、副議長"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%B0%E9%95%B7" title="議長">議長</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E8%AD%B0%E9%95%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="副議長">副議長</a>通常被視為一個<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A" title="议会">議會</a>的領導人和副領導人，其人選一般由該議會所有的議員互相推選而產生，所以正副議長也具有議員資格。不過，隨著政治制度不同，議長、副議長的產生方式以及所扮演的角色也會有些微差異，以下將詳細介紹。 </p><p>通常，議長及副議長主持會議時，必須保持<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%AB%8B" title="中立">中立</a>，原則上不參與議會各項<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%95%E7%A5%A8" title="投票">表決</a>，除非表決時票數相等，才會追加投票。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="各國制度"><span id=".E5.90.84.E5.9C.8B.E5.88.B6.E5.BA.A6"></span>各國制度</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：各國制度"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="_美国"><span id="_.E7.BE.8E.E5.9B.BD"></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：美国"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%82%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2" title="美国参议院">參議院</a>議長由<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%89%AF%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="美国副总统">副總統</a>兼任。但副總統無參議員資格，只是有時會主持會議，平常不參與投票，除非當投票平手時才會投下關鍵一票。參議院设<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%83%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2%E8%87%A8%E6%99%82%E8%AD%B0%E9%95%B7" title="美國參議院臨時議長">臨時議長</a>，一般由多數黨最資深成員出任，但亦只會偶爾主持會議，實際上由多數黨领袖決定會議議程及投票程序。而<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%97%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2" title="美国众议院">眾議院</a>的首長為<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%9C%BE%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2%E8%AD%B0%E9%95%B7" title="美國眾議院議長">眾議院議長</a>，具有重要的领導地位，由於眾議院議長是由眾議院成員選舉出來的，因此眾議院議長幾乎總是多數黨的成員，一般他本人就是多數黨在眾議院中的首領。由此，眾議院議長是一個有傾向性及具重要決策權的政治人物。雖然在眾議院中另有一個多數黨領袖（Majority Leader）及黨鞭（Majority Whip），但他們一般是多數黨的第二及第三把手，而眾議院議長則是多數黨的首席領袖。但是一般來說在沒有必要的情況下眾議院議長不參加投票（重要法案除外）。在形式上，眾議院議長是<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A" title="美国国会">美國立法機構</a>中的最高官員，亦是一個全國知名的政治人物。因為根據<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E7%B9%BC%E4%BB%BB%E9%A0%86%E5%BA%8F" title="美國總統繼任順序">美國總統繼任順序</a>，眾議院議長僅次於副總統，故眾議院議長具重要政治影響力。在野時的眾議院議長成為事實上的反對黨領袖。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="_英国"><span id="_.E8.8B.B1.E5.9B.BD"></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：英国"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%8B%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2%E8%AD%B0%E9%95%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="英國下議院議長">英國下議院議長</a>由下議院議員互選產生，並負責主持會議。與美國不同，下議院議長雖然地位崇高，但主持會議時應保持中立。議長獲下議院兩大政黨支持，故和兩位副議長需要脫離所屬黨派，不受政治影響。因議長在任時保持中立，故在議長任內，主要政黨均不會派員在議長所屬的選區競逐議席。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="_日本"><span id="_.E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC"></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：日本"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%83%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="參議院 (日本)">參議院</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%97%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="众议院 (日本)">眾議院</a>議長由議員互選產生，<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%BE%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2%E8%AD%B0%E9%95%B7_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="眾議院議長 (日本)">众議院議長</a>和兩位副議長均需脫離政黨運作，保持政治中立。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%82%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2%E8%AE%AE%E9%95%BF_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="参议院议长 (日本)">參議院議長</a>當選後也需脫離政黨運作，保持政治中立。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="_朝鮮民主主義人民共和國"><span id="_.E6.9C.9D.E9.AE.AE.E6.B0.91.E4.B8.BB.E4.B8.BB.E7.BE.A9.E4.BA.BA.E6.B0.91.E5.85.B1.E5.92.8C.E5.9C.8B"></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/22px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/33px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/44px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国">朝鮮民主主義人民共和國</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：朝鮮民主主義人民共和國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国">朝鮮民主主義人民共和國</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" title="最高人民会议">最高人民會議</a>議員候選人須經<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%85%9A" title="朝鲜劳动党">朝鮮勞動黨</a>核准，才能正式參選。最高人民會議設議長一人、副議長二人；並設常任委員會，由最高人民會議任命<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE%E5%B8%B8%E4%BB%BB%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%95%BF" title="最高人民会议常任委员会委员长">委員長</a>一人。最高人民會議休會期間，由常任委員會行使立法權。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="_大韓民國"><span id="_.E5.A4.A7.E9.9F.93.E6.B0.91.E5.9C.8B"></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%A9%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="大韩民国">大韓民國</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：大韓民國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%93%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="大韓民國">大韓民國</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0%E9%95%B7" title="韓國國會議長">國會議長</a>由議員互選產生，任期兩年，並不得連任（國會任期四年）。議長和兩位副議長均需脫離政黨運作，保持政治中立。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="_中華民國（臺灣）"><span id="_.E4.B8.AD.E8.8F.AF.E6.B0.91.E5.9C.8B.EF.BC.88.E8.87.BA.E7.81.A3.EF.BC.89"></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" title="臺灣地區">臺灣</a>）</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：中華民國（臺灣）"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="立法院">立法院</a>設<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2%E9%99%A2%E9%95%B7" title="立法院院長">院長</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2%E5%89%AF%E9%99%A2%E9%95%B7" title="立法院副院長">副院長</a>各一人，其職能相當於他國之國會議長、副議長。依中華民國現行法律規定，立法院院長及副院長由所有立法委員互選產生，且全體立法委員皆為當然候選人<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。通常，正副院長由多數黨立法委員當選，也是多數黨在立法院中之重要領袖之一。依照規定，立法院院長及副院長不得擔任<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%85%9A" title="政党">政黨</a>職務，並須本於公平公正之中立原則，依法行使職權。<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="_中华人民共和国"><span id="_.E4.B8.AD.E5.8D.8E.E4.BA.BA.E6.B0.91.E5.85.B1.E5.92.8C.E5.9B.BD"></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：中华人民共和国"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="中華人民共和國">中華人民共和國</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A%E5%B8%B8%E5%8A%A1%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%95%BF" title="全国人民代表大会常务委员会委员长">全国人民代表大会常务委员会委员长</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A" title="全国人民代表大会">全国人民代表大会</a>常设机构<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A%E5%B8%B8%E5%8A%A1%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="全国人民代表大会常务委员会">常务委员会</a>的首长，即是全国人民代表大会常务委员会的议长，与副委员长等均由所有<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8" title="全国人民代表大会代表">全国人民代表大会代表</a>互选选出<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。因<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%B0%E8%A1%8C%E5%90%88%E4%B8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="議行合一">議行合一</a>的體制，委员长具重要政治權力。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="_香港"><span id="_.E9.A6.99.E6.B8.AF"></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/22px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/33px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/44px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a></h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：香港"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD" title="香港立法會主席">立法會主席</a>為<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%9C%83" title="香港立法會">香港立法會</a>的議長，而內務委員會主席則為香港立法會的副議長，副主席則為香港立法會的第二副議長。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="_澳門"><span id="_.E6.BE.B3.E9.96.80"></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/22px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/33px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/44px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80" title="澳門">澳門</a></h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：澳門"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80" title="澳門">澳門</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="澳門特別行政區政府">政府</a>採取「<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E4%B8%BB%E5%B0%8E" title="行政主導">行政主導</a>」政策，<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%9C%83" title="澳門立法會">立法會</a>大多為官方<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E5%AE%98%E5%A7%94%E8%AD%B0%E5%93%A1%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="澳門官委議員制度">委任</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%93%E6%8E%A5%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89%E8%AD%B0%E5%B8%AD" title="間接選舉議席">間接選舉</a>產生的議員，<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80%E7%9B%B4%E9%81%B8_(%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80)" title="地區直選 (澳門)">直接選舉</a>產生的議員席次則不超過一半。立法會每屆之法定任期為4年，並由議員互選產生主席、副主席各一人。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考資料"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>參考資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：參考資料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">中華民國教育部. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/dictView.jsp?ID=31919&word=%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8">重編國語辭典修訂本·民意代表</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240623095130/https://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/dictView.jsp?ID=31919&word=%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8">存档</a>于2024-06-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8&rft.au=%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E9%83%A8&rft.btitle=%E9%87%8D%E7%B7%A8%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%9E%E8%BE%AD%E5%85%B8%E4%BF%AE%E8%A8%82%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdict.revised.moe.edu.tw%2FdictView.jsp%3FID%3D31919%26word%3D%25E6%25B0%2591%25E6%2584%258F%25E4%25BB%25A3%25E8%25A1%25A8&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95" title="中華民國憲法">中華民國憲法</a>》第66條：「立法院設院長、副院長各一人，由立法委員互選之。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E6%B3%95_(%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B112%E5%B9%B412%E6%9C%88)" class="extiw" title="s:立法院組織法 (民國112年12月)">立法院組織法</a>》第3條第1項：「立法院設院長、副院長各一人，由立法委員互選產生；其選舉辦法，另定之。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E4%BA%92%E9%81%B8%E9%99%A2%E9%95%B7%E5%89%AF%E9%99%A2%E9%95%B7%E8%BE%A6%E6%B3%95" title="立法委員互選院長副院長辦法">立法委員互選院長副院長辦法</a>》第1條：「根據憲法第六十六條之規定，院長、副院長由立法委員互選之，全體立法委員均為當然候選人。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E6%B3%95_(%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B112%E5%B9%B412%E6%9C%88)" class="extiw" title="s:立法院組織法 (民國112年12月)">立法院組織法</a>》第3條第2項：「立法院院長、副院長不得擔任政黨職務，應本公平中立原則行使職權，維持立法院秩序，處理議事。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npc.gov.cn/npc/c12497/201405/4a14ae8343fd47f49fec739b5989a4c1.shtml">“委员长”名称是怎么来的?_中国人大网</a>. www.npc.gov.cn. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-09-05</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191213084424/http://www.npc.gov.cn/npc/c12497/201405/4a14ae8343fd47f49fec739b5989a4c1.shtml">存档</a>于2019-12-13）.</cite><span 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