CINXE.COM
朝鲜民主主义人民共和国 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="zh" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>朝鲜民主主义人民共和国 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )zhwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"zh", "wgMonthNames":["","1月","2月","3月","4月","5月","6月","7月","8月","9月","10月","11月","12月"],"wgRequestId":"ad5ac3b3-eadc-4ae0-a4c2-8c0b021fc210","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"朝鲜民主主义人民共和国","wgTitle":"朝鲜民主主义人民共和国","wgCurRevisionId":85077311,"wgRevisionId":85077311,"wgArticleId":1698,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["含有非数字formatnum参数的页面","CS1韩语来源 (ko)","自2013年6月带有失效链接的条目","CS1英语来源 (en)","CS1日语来源 (ja)","自2024年7月需补充来源的条目","拒绝当选首页新条目推荐栏目的条目","含有韓語的條目","使用WikiMiniAtlas小工具的页面","在infobox country或infobox former country使用symbol caption或类型字段的页面","含有韓語諺文的條目","含有韓語漢字的條目", "需要韓文羅馬字的條目","含有日語的條目","含有英語的條目","有未列明来源语句的条目","不在維基數據的Twitter用戶名","包含FAST标识符的维基百科条目","包含ISNI标识符的维基百科条目","包含VIAF标识符的维基百科条目","包含BIBSYS标识符的维基百科条目","包含BNE标识符的维基百科条目","包含BNF标识符的维基百科条目","包含BNFdata标识符的维基百科条目","包含CANTICN标识符的维基百科条目","包含GND标识符的维基百科条目","包含J9U标识符的维基百科条目","包含KANTO标识符的维基百科条目","包含LCCN标识符的维基百科条目","包含Libris标识符的维基百科条目","包含NDL标识符的维基百科条目","包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目","包含NLK标识符的维基百科条目","包含NSK标识符的维基百科条目","包含PortugalA标识符的维基百科条目","包含VcBA标识符的维基百科条目", "包含MusicBrainz area标识符的维基百科条目","包含CINII标识符的维基百科条目","包含KULTURNAV标识符的维基百科条目","包含UKPARL标识符的维基百科条目","包含EMU标识符的维基百科条目","包含NARA标识符的维基百科条目","包含SUDOC标识符的维基百科条目","1948年建立的國家或政權","朝鮮民主主義人民共和國","亚洲国家","核武國家","共和国","一黨制國家","社会主义国家","太平洋國家","朝鮮語國家地區","极权国家","联合国会员国"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"朝鲜民主主义人民共和国","wgRelevantArticleId":1698,"wgUserVariant":"zh","wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true, "wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"zh","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":["zh-hans","zh-hant","zh-cn","zh-tw","zh-hk","zh-sg","zh-mo","zh-my"]},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":200000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q423","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.large-font":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles": "ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.edit0","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.gadget.UnihanTooltips","ext.gadget.Difflink","ext.gadget.pseudonamespace-UI","ext.gadget.SpecialWikitext","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.VariantAlly","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.gadget.hideConversionTab","ext.gadget.internalLinkHelper-altcolor", "ext.gadget.noteTA","ext.gadget.NavFrame","ext.gadget.collapsibleTables","ext.gadget.scrollUpButton","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.gadget.large-font&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/1200px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/800px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="400"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/640px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="320"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="编辑本页" href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (zh)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//zh.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-my/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-sg/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hant/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-mo/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia的Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-朝鲜民主主义人民共和国 rootpage-朝鲜民主主义人民共和国 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">跳转到内容</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="主菜单" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">主菜单</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">主菜单</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 导航 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="访问首页[z]" accesskey="z"><span>首页</span></a></li><li id="n-indexpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" title="以分类索引搜寻中文维基百科"><span>分类索引</span></a></li><li id="n-Featured_content" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%B9%E8%89%B2%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9" title="查看中文维基百科的特色内容"><span>特色内容</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%8B%95%E6%85%8B" title="提供当前新闻事件的背景资料"><span>新闻动态</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9" title="列出维基百科中的最近修改[r]" accesskey="r"><span>最近更改</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="随机载入一个页面[x]" accesskey="x"><span>随机条目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-help" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-help" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 帮助 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="寻求帮助"><span>帮助</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%A4%BE%E7%BE%A4%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="关于本计划、你可以做什么、应该如何做"><span>维基社群</span></a></li><li id="n-policy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D%E8%88%87%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" title="查看维基百科的方针和指引"><span>方针与指引</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E5%AE%A2%E6%A0%88" title="参与维基百科社群的讨论"><span>互助客栈</span></a></li><li id="n-Information_desk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E9%97%AE%E7%AD%94" title="解答任何与维基百科无关的问题的地方"><span>知识问答</span></a></li><li id="n-conversion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%AD%97%E8%AF%8D%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2" title="提出字词转换请求"><span>字词转换</span></a></li><li id="n-IRC" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC%E8%81%8A%E5%A4%A9%E9%A2%91%E9%81%93"><span>IRC即时聊天</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%81%94%E7%BB%9C%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC" title="如何联络维基百科"><span>联络我们</span></a></li><li id="n-about" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E" title="查看维基百科的简介"><span>关于维基百科</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="维基百科" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-zh.svg" style="width: 6.5625em; height: 1.375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="自由的百科全书" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-zh.svg" width="103" height="14" style="width: 6.4375em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>搜索</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="搜索维基百科" aria-label="搜索维基百科" autocapitalize="sentences" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:搜索"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">搜索</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="个人工具"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="更改页面字体大小、宽度和颜色的外观" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="外观" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">外观</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans" class=""><span>资助维基百科</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录,但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="建议你登录,尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录,但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="建议你登录,尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-國名" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#國名"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>國名</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-國名-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>歷史</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-歷史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关歷史子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-建国" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#建国"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>建国</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-建国-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-金日成执政时期" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#金日成执政时期"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>金日成执政时期</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-金日成执政时期-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-進攻南部" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#進攻南部"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>進攻南部</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-進攻南部-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-冷战时期" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#冷战时期"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>冷战时期</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-冷战时期-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-金正日执政时期" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#金正日执政时期"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>金正日执政时期</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-金正日执政时期-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-“苦难行军”" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#“苦难行军”"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>“苦难行军”</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-“苦难行军”-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-发展核武" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#发展核武"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>发展核武</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-发展核武-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-金正恩执政时期" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#金正恩执政时期"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>金正恩执政时期</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-金正恩执政时期-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-鞏固政權" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#鞏固政權"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>鞏固政權</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-鞏固政權-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-曲折外交" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#曲折外交"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2</span> <span>曲折外交</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-曲折外交-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-地理" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#地理"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>地理</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-地理-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关地理子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-地理-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-疆域" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#疆域"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>疆域</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-疆域-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-地貌" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#地貌"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>地貌</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-地貌-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-氣候" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#氣候"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>氣候</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-氣候-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-人口" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#人口"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>人口</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-人口-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-行政區劃" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#行政區劃"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>行政區劃</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-行政區劃-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-政治" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#政治"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>政治</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-政治-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关政治子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-政治-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-意識形態" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#意識形態"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>意識形態</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-意識形態-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-最高领导者" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#最高领导者"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>最高领导者</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-最高领导者-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-政府結構" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#政府結構"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>政府結構</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-政府結構-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-憲法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#憲法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>憲法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-憲法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-司法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#司法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>司法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-司法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-選舉" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#選舉"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>選舉</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-選舉-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-經濟" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#經濟"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>經濟</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-經濟-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关經濟子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-經濟-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-農業" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#農業"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>農業</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-農業-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-工業" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#工業"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>工業</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-工業-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-商业" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#商业"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>商业</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-商业-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-能源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#能源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>能源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-能源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-交通" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#交通"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>交通</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-交通-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-鐵路" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#鐵路"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.1</span> <span>鐵路</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-鐵路-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-水路" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#水路"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.2</span> <span>水路</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-水路-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-航空" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#航空"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.3</span> <span>航空</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-航空-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-旅遊業" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#旅遊業"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>旅遊業</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-旅遊業-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-銀行業" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#銀行業"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>銀行業</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-銀行業-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-國防" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#國防"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>國防</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-國防-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关國防子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-國防-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-核武器" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#核武器"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>核武器</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-核武器-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-核发展" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#核发展"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>核发展</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-核发展-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-核政策" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#核政策"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.2</span> <span>核政策</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-核政策-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-對外軍售" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#對外軍售"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>對外軍售</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-對外軍售-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外交" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外交"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>外交</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外交-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-社會" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#社會"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>社會</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-社會-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关社會子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-社會-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-階級" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#階級"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>階級</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-階級-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-人權" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#人權"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>人權</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-人權-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-治安" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#治安"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>治安</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-治安-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-媒體" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#媒體"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>媒體</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-媒體-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-電視" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#電視"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4.1</span> <span>電視</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-電視-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-電台" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#電台"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4.2</span> <span>電台</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-電台-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-報章" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#報章"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4.3</span> <span>報章</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-報章-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-通讯" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#通讯"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>通讯</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-通讯-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-电话" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#电话"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5.1</span> <span>电话</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-电话-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-手机" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#手机"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5.2</span> <span>手机</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-手机-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-網路" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#網路"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5.3</span> <span>網路</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-網路-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-生活水準" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生活水準"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.6</span> <span>生活水準</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-生活水準-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-兩性地位" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#兩性地位"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.7</span> <span>兩性地位</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-兩性地位-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-信息審查" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#信息審查"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.8</span> <span>信息審查</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-信息審查-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-色情管制" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#色情管制"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.9</span> <span>色情管制</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-色情管制-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-醫療衛生" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#醫療衛生"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.10</span> <span>醫療衛生</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-醫療衛生-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-住房政策" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#住房政策"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.11</span> <span>住房政策</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-住房政策-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>文化</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-文化-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关文化子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-文化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-教育" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#教育"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>教育</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-教育-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-宗教" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#宗教"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>宗教</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-宗教-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>參見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注释" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注释"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>注释</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注释-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>參考文獻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">朝鲜民主主义人民共和国</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。258种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-258" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">258种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%A9%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D3%99%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Аҩадатәи Кореиа – 阿布哈西亚语" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аҩадатәи Кореиа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="阿布哈西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kor%C3%A8a_Utara" title="Korèa Utara – 亚齐语" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Korèa Utara" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="亚齐语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noord-Korea" title="Noord-Korea – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Noord-Korea" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordkorea" title="Nordkorea – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Nordkorea" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B5%E1%88%9C%E1%8A%95_%E1%8A%AE%E1%88%AD%E1%8B%AB" title="ስሜን ኮርያ – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ስሜን ኮርያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea,_north" title="Korea, north – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Korea, north" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corea_d%27o_Norte" title="Corea d'o Norte – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Corea d'o Norte" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nor%C3%BEcorea" title="Norþcorea – 古英语" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Norþcorea" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="उत्तर कोरिया – 昂加语" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="उत्तर कोरिया" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="昂加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="كوريا الشمالية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كوريا الشمالية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="كوريا الشمالية – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="كوريا الشمالية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87" title="كوريا الشماليه – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كوريا الشماليه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="উত্তৰ কোৰিয়া – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="উত্তৰ কোৰিয়া" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corea_del_Norte" title="Corea del Norte – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Corea del Norte" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="उत्तर कोरिया – 阿瓦德语" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="उत्तर कोरिया" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="阿瓦德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eimali_Koreya" title="Şimali Koreya – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şimali Koreya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A6%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87" title="قوزئی کوره – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قوزئی کوره" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1-%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Корея Халыҡ-Демократик Республикаһы – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Корея Халыҡ-Демократик Республикаһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kor%C3%A9a_Kal%C3%A9r" title="Koréa Kalér – 巴厘语" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Koréa Kalér" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="巴厘语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noadkorea" title="Noadkorea – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Noadkorea" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0iaur%C4%97s_Kuoriej%C4%97" title="Šiaurės Kuoriejė – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Šiaurės Kuoriejė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Utara" title="Korea Utara – 巴塔克托巴文" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Korea Utara" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="巴塔克托巴文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amihanan_na_Korea" title="Amihanan na Korea – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Amihanan na Korea" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%8F" title="Паўночная Карэя – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Паўночная Карэя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Карэйская Народна-Дэмакратычная Рэспубліка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Карэйская Народна-Дэмакратычная Рэспубліка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kor%C3%A9a_Lor" title="Koréa Lor – 貝塔維文" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Koréa Lor" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="貝塔維文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Северна Корея – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Северна Корея" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="उत्तर कोरिया – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="उत्तर कोरिया" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Not_Koria" title="Not Koria – 比斯拉马语" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Not Koria" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="比斯拉马语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%EA%A9%BB" title="ကိုးရီးယားခမ်းထင်ꩻ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ကိုးရီးယားခမ်းထင်ꩻ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="উত্তর কোরিয়া – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উত্তর কোরিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BC%8D" title="བྱང་ཀོ་རི་ཡ། – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="བྱང་ཀོ་རི་ཡ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%94%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="ঔয়াং কোরিয়া – 比什奴普萊利亞文" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ঔয়াং কোরিয়া" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="比什奴普萊利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Poblel_ha_Demokratel_Korea" title="Republik Poblel ha Demokratel Korea – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Republik Poblel ha Demokratel Korea" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjeverna_Koreja" title="Sjeverna Koreja – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sjeverna Koreja" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Utara" title="Korea Utara – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Korea Utara" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%80%E1%A8%9A%E1%A8%91%E1%A8%99%E1%A8%95_%E1%A8%95%E1%A8%98%E1%A8%88%E1%A8%91" title="ᨀᨚᨑᨙᨕ ᨕᨘᨈᨑ – 布吉语" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨀᨚᨑᨙᨕ ᨕᨘᨈᨑ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="布吉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Хойто Солонгос – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хойто Солонгос" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corea_del_Nord" title="Corea del Nord – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Corea del Nord" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corea_del_Norte" title="Corea del Norte – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Corea del Norte" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C3%A8u-si%C4%93ng_M%C3%ACng-ci%C5%8D-ci%C5%8D-ngi%C3%AA_%C3%8Cng-m%C3%ACng_G%C3%AA%CC%A4%E1%B9%B3ng-hu%C3%B2-gu%C3%B3k" title="Dièu-siēng Mìng-ciō-ciō-ngiê Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dièu-siēng Mìng-ciō-ciō-ngiê Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Корейн Халкъан-Демократин Республика – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Корейн Халкъан-Демократин Республика" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amihanang_Koreya" title="Amihanang Koreya – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Amihanang Koreya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1" title="کۆریای باکوور – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆریای باکوور" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreya_Demokratik_Halq_Cumhuriyeti" title="Koreya Demokratik Halq Cumhuriyeti – 克里米亚鞑靼语" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Koreya Demokratik Halq Cumhuriyeti" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亚鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severn%C3%AD_Korea" title="Severní Korea – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Severní Korea" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B2reja%C5%84sk%C3%B4_L%C3%ABdow%C3%B2-Demokratn%C3%B4_Rep%C3%B9blika" title="Kòrejańskô Lëdowò-Demokratnô Repùblika – 卡舒比语" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Kòrejańskô Lëdowò-Demokratnô Repùblika" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="卡舒比语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%94%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%97%EA%99%97" title="Корєиска Народьна Димократїꙗ – 教会斯拉夫语" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Корєиска Народьна Димократїꙗ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="教会斯拉夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D3%91%D1%85_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D3%97_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Корей Халӑх Демократиллӗ Республики – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Корей Халӑх Демократиллӗ Республики" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gogledd_Corea" title="Gogledd Corea – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gogledd Corea" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordkorea" title="Nordkorea – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nordkorea" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="North Korea" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordkorea" title="Nordkorea – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nordkorea" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koryay_Z%C4%B1mey" title="Koryay Zımey – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Koryay Zımey" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3dpo%C5%82nocna_Koreja" title="Pódpołnocna Koreja – 下索布语" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Pódpołnocna Koreja" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="下索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Koibutan" title="Korea Koibutan – 中部杜順文" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Korea Koibutan" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="中部杜順文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="उत्तर कोरिया – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="उत्तर कोरिया" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%AA%DE%8C%DE%AA%DE%83%DE%AA_%DE%86%DE%AE%DE%83%DE%AC%DE%87%DE%A7" title="އުތުރު ކޮރެއާ – 迪维希语" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އުތުރު ކޮރެއާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="迪维希语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BC%8B" title="བྱང་ཀོ་རི་ཡ་ – 宗卡语" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="བྱང་ཀོ་རི་ཡ་" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="宗卡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea – 埃维语" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="North Korea" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="埃维语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%B1" title="Βόρεια Κορέα – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βόρεια Κορέα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="North Korea" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nord-Koreio" title="Nord-Koreio – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nord-Koreio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corea_del_Norte" title="Corea del Norte – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Corea del Norte" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B5hja-Korea" title="Põhja-Korea – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Põhja-Korea" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipar_Korea" title="Ipar Korea – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ipar Korea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corea_del_Norti" title="Corea del Norti – 埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Corea del Norti" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C" title="کره شمالی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کره شمالی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_demokraattinen_kansantasavalta" title="Korean demokraattinen kansantasavalta – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Korean demokraattinen kansantasavalta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B5h%27a-Korea" title="Põh'a-Korea – 佛羅文" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Põh'a-Korea" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="佛羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nor%C3%B0urkorea" title="Norðurkorea – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Norðurkorea" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cor%C3%A9e_du_Nord" title="Corée du Nord – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Corée du Nord" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cor%C3%A8a_de_Bise" title="Corèa de Bise – 法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Corèa de Bise" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuurdkorea" title="Nuurdkorea – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Nuurdkorea" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coree_dal_Nord" title="Coree dal Nord – 弗留利语" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Coree dal Nord" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="弗留利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noard-Kore%C3%A4" title="Noard-Koreä – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Noard-Koreä" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Ch%C3%B3ir%C3%A9_Thuaidh" title="An Chóiré Thuaidh – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Chóiré Thuaidh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poyraz_Koreya" title="Poyraz Koreya – 加告兹语" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Poyraz Koreya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="加告兹语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國 – 赣语" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="赣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kor%C3%A9_di_N%C3%B2" title="Koré di Nò – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Koré di Nò" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coir%C3%A8a_a_Tuath" title="Coirèa a Tuath – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Coirèa a Tuath" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corea_do_Norte" title="Corea do Norte – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Corea do Norte" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvate_Kor%C3%A9a" title="Yvate Koréa – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Yvate Koréa" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="उत्तर कोरिया – 孔卡尼文" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="उत्तर कोरिया" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="孔卡尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%89%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%B0_%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE" title="ઉત્તર કોરિયા – 古吉拉特语" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઉત્તર કોરિયા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Chorea_Twoaie" title="Yn Chorea Twoaie – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Chorea Twoaie" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koriya_ta_Arewa" title="Koriya ta Arewa – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Koriya ta Arewa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%AAu-si%C3%A9n_M%C3%ACn-ch%C3%BA-ch%C3%BA-ngi_Ng%C3%ACn-m%C3%ACn_Khiung-f%C3%B2-koet" title="Chêu-sién Mìn-chú-chú-ngi Ngìn-mìn Khiung-fò-koet – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chêu-sién Mìn-chú-chú-ngi Ngìn-mìn Khiung-fò-koet" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%8Dlea_%CA%BB%C4%80kau" title="Kōlea ʻĀkau – 夏威夷语" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kōlea ʻĀkau" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="夏威夷语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="קוריאה הצפונית – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קוריאה הצפונית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="उत्तर कोरिया – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उत्तर कोरिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="North Korea" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjeverna_Koreja" title="Sjeverna Koreja – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sjeverna Koreja" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewjerna_Koreja" title="Sewjerna Koreja – 上索布语" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Sewjerna Koreja" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="上索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kore_din%C3%B2" title="Kore dinò – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kore dinò" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89szak-Korea" title="Észak-Korea – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Észak-Korea" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D4%BF%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A1" title="Հյուսիսային Կորեա – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հյուսիսային Կորեա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%94%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A7%D5%A1" title="Հիւսիսային Քորէա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Հիւսիսային Քորէա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corea_del_Nord" title="Corea del Nord – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Corea del Nord" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Utara" title="Korea Utara – 伊班语" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Korea Utara" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="伊班语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Utara" title="Korea Utara – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Korea Utara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nord-Korea" title="Nord-Korea – 国际文字(E)" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Nord-Korea" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="国际文字(E)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salli%C3%B1iq_Kuriaq" title="Salliñiq Kuriaq – 伊努皮克语" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Salliñiq Kuriaq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="伊努皮克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amianan_a_Korea" title="Amianan a Korea – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Amianan a Korea" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nord-Korea" title="Nord-Korea – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Nord-Korea" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nor%C3%B0ur-K%C3%B3rea" title="Norður-Kórea – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Norður-Kórea" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corea_del_Nord" title="Corea del Nord – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Corea del Nord" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%91%AF%E1%95%86%E1%90%83_%E1%90%85%E1%90%8A%E1%96%95%E1%93%87%E1%96%93%E1%93%82" title="ᑯᕆᐃ ᐅᐊᖕᓇᖓᓂ – 因纽特语" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᑯᕆᐃ ᐅᐊᖕᓇᖓᓂ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="因纽特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和国 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naat_Koria" title="Naat Koria – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Naat Koria" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/berti_zei_.tcosyn" title="berti zei .tcosyn – 逻辑语" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="berti zei .tcosyn" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="逻辑语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kor%C3%A9a_Lor" title="Koréa Lor – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Koréa Lor" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98_%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%90" title="ჩრდილოეთი კორეა – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჩრდილოეთი კორეა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreya_Xal%C4%B1q_Demokratiyal%C4%B1q_Respublikas%C4%B1" title="Koreya Xalıq Demokratiyalıq Respublikası – 卡拉卡尔帕克语" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Koreya Xalıq Demokratiyalıq Respublikası" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="卡拉卡尔帕克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurya_n_Ugafa" title="Kurya n Ugafa – 卡拜尔语" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Kurya n Ugafa" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡拜尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9B%D1%8A%D1%8D%D0%BF%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%8D" title="Корей Лъэпкъ Демократ Республикэ – 卡巴尔德语" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Корей Лъэпкъ Демократ Республикэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="卡巴尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kooree_Hay%C9%A9_Ki%C5%8B" title="Kooree Hayɩ Kiŋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kooree Hayɩ Kiŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kworiya_A%CC%B1za" title="Kworiya A̱za – 卡塔布语" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Kworiya A̱za" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="卡塔布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangu_ya_Node" title="Hangu ya Node – 刚果语" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Hangu ya Node" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="刚果语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Liba" title="Korea Liba – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Korea Liba" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea – 吉库尤语" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="North Korea" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="吉库尤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D2%AF%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Солтүстік Корея – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Солтүстік Корея" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%84" title="កូរ៉េខាងជើង – 高棉语" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="កូរ៉េខាងជើង" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%89%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%B0_%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE" title="ಉತ್ತರ ಕೊರಿಯಾ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಉತ್ತರ ಕೊರಿಯಾ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%EC%9D%B8%EB%AF%BC%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="조선민주주의인민공화국 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="조선민주주의인민공화국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%8A-%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Корей Халкъ-Демократ Республика – 卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Корей Халкъ-Демократ Республика" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%8F%D9%85%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%A0_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="شُمألؠ کوریا – 克什米尔语" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="شُمألؠ کوریا" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="克什米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordkorea" title="Nordkorea – 科隆语" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Nordkorea" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="科隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kor%C3%AAya_Bakur" title="Korêya Bakur – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Korêya Bakur" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Корея Войтыр Демократия Республика – 科米语" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Корея Войтыр Демократия Республика" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="科米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Gledh" title="Korea Gledh – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Korea Gledh" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB-%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Корей Эл-Демократиялык Республикасы – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Корей Эл-Демократиялык Республикасы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Res_publica_popularis_democratica_Coreana" title="Res publica popularis democratica Coreana – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Res publica popularis democratica Coreana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_del_Nord" title="Korea del Nord – 拉迪诺语" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Korea del Nord" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="拉迪诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokratesch_Volleksrepublik_Korea" title="Demokratesch Volleksrepublik Korea – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Demokratesch Volleksrepublik Korea" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8-%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Кореядин Халкьдинни-Демократиядин Республика – 列兹金语" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Кореядин Халкьдинни-Демократиядин Республика" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="列兹金语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corea_Norde" title="Corea Norde – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Corea Norde" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noord-Korea" title="Noord-Korea – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Noord-Korea" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corea_do_Nord" title="Corea do Nord – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Corea do Nord" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corea_dl_Nord" title="Corea dl Nord – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Corea dl Nord" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corea_del_N%C3%B2rd" title="Corea del Nòrd – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Corea del Nòrd" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kor%C3%A9_ya_Nola" title="Koré ya Nola – 林加拉语" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Koré ya Nola" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="林加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%80%E0%BB%9C%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%AD" title="ປະເທດເກົາຫຼີເໜືອ – 老挝语" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດເກົາຫຼີເໜືອ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="老挝语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0iaur%C4%97s_Kor%C4%97ja" title="Šiaurės Korėja – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šiaurės Korėja" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zieme%C4%BCkoreja" title="Ziemeļkoreja – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ziemeļkoreja" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="उत्तर कोरिया – 迈蒂利语" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="उत्तर कोरिया" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="迈蒂利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B4rea_Avaratra" title="Kôrea Avaratra – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kôrea Avaratra" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D3%B1%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Йӱдвел Корей – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Йӱдвел Корей" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%8Drea-ki-te-raki" title="Kōrea-ki-te-raki – 毛利语" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Kōrea-ki-te-raki" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="毛利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Utara" title="Korea Utara – 米南佳保语" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Korea Utara" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="米南佳保语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Северна Кореја – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Северна Кореја" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B0_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF" title="ഉത്തര കൊറിയ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഉത്തര കൊറിയ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Умард Солонгос – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Умард Солонгос" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="उत्तर कोरिया – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="उत्तर कोरिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Utara" title="Korea Utara – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Korea Utara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_ta%27_Fuq" title="Korea ta' Fuq – 马耳他语" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Korea ta' Fuq" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="马耳他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coreia_de_l_Norte" title="Coreia de l Norte – 米兰德斯语" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Coreia de l Norte" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米兰德斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="မြောက်ကိုရီးယားနိုင်ငံ – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မြောက်ကိုရီးယားနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%87" title="شمالی کره – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="شمالی کره" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corea_d%22o_Nord" title="Corea d"o Nord – 那不勒斯语" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Corea d"o Nord" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="那不勒斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noordkorea" title="Noordkorea – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Noordkorea" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noord-Korea" title="Noord-Korea – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Noord-Korea" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="उत्तर कोरिया – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="उत्तर कोरिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="उत्तर कोरिया – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="उत्तर कोरिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noord-Korea" title="Noord-Korea – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Noord-Korea" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nord-Korea" title="Nord-Korea – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nord-Korea" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nord-Korea" title="Nord-Korea – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nord-Korea" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nord_Korea" title="Nord Korea – 諾維亞文" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Nord Korea" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="諾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1hook%C7%ABsj%C3%AD_Bin%C3%A1%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%A1daa%C5%82ts%CA%BC%C3%B3z%C3%AD_Dine%CA%BC%C3%A9_Bik%C3%A9yah_Y%C3%A1zh%C3%AD" title="Náhookǫsjí Binááʼádaałtsʼózí Dineʼé Bikéyah Yázhí – 纳瓦霍语" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Náhookǫsjí Binááʼádaałtsʼózí Dineʼé Bikéyah Yázhí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="纳瓦霍语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cor%C3%A8a_del_N%C3%B2rd" title="Corèa del Nòrd – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Corèa del Nòrd" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pohjas-Korea" title="Pohjas-Korea – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Pohjas-Korea" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kooriyaa_Kaabaa" title="Kooriyaa Kaabaa – 奥罗莫语" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Kooriyaa Kaabaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="奥罗莫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%89%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%B0_%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%86" title="ଉତ୍ତର କୋରିଆ – 奥里亚语" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଉତ୍ତର କୋରିଆ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="奥里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%C3%A6%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Цæгат Корей – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Цæгат Корей" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%89%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਉੱਤਰੀ ਕੋਰੀਆ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਉੱਤਰੀ ਕੋਰੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangulung_Korea" title="Pangulung Korea – 邦板牙语" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Pangulung Korea" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="邦板牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nort_Korea" title="Nort Korea – 帕皮阿门托语" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Nort Korea" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="帕皮阿门托语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cor%C3%A9e_dech_Nord" title="Corée dech Nord – 庇卡底文" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Corée dech Nord" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="庇卡底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Koriya" title="North Koriya – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="North Koriya" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_P%C3%B3%C5%82nocna" title="Korea Północna – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Korea Północna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cor%C3%A9a_d%C3%ABl_N%C3%B2rd" title="Coréa dël Nòrd – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Coréa dël Nòrd" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="شمالی کوریا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="شمالی کوریا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="شمالي کوريا – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="شمالي کوريا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coreia_do_Norte" title="Coreia do Norte – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Coreia do Norte" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinchay_Kuriya" title="Chinchay Kuriya – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chinchay Kuriya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordutni_Koreya" title="Nordutni Koreya – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Nordutni Koreya" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coreea_de_Nord" title="Coreea de Nord – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Coreea de Nord" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Корейская Народно-Демократическая Республика – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Корейская Народно-Демократическая Республика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Корейска Людова Демократична Република – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Корейска Людова Демократична Република" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreya_y%E2%80%99Amajyaruguru" title="Koreya y’Amajyaruguru – 卢旺达语" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Koreya y’Amajyaruguru" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="卢旺达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="उत्तरकोरिया – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="उत्तरकोरिया" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8D%D0%B9%D1%8D_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8D%D0%B9_%D3%A8%D1%80%D3%A9%D1%81%D0%BF%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%B1%D2%AF%D0%BB%D2%AF%D0%BA%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%8D" title="Кэриэйэ Норуотун Демократическэй Өрөспүүбүлүкэтэ – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кэриэйэ Норуотун Демократическэй Өрөспүүбүлүкэтэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B8%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%AE_%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱠᱚᱸᱭᱮ ᱠᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟ – 桑塔利语" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱚᱸᱭᱮ ᱠᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corea_de_su_Norte" title="Corea de su Norte – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Corea de su Norte" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corea_d%C3%BB_Nord" title="Corea dû Nord – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Corea dû Nord" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="North Korea" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1_%DA%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="اتر ڪوريا – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اتر ڪوريا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davvi-Korea" title="Davvi-Korea – 北方萨米语" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Davvi-Korea" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="北方萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjeverna_Koreja" title="Sjeverna Koreja – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sjeverna Koreja" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurya_n_i%E1%BA%93%E1%BA%93lm%E1%B8%8D" title="Kurya n iẓẓlmḍ – 希尔哈语" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Kurya n iẓẓlmḍ" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="希尔哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B5%E1%81%A2%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%82%81%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းၵၢဝ်းလီႁွင်ႇ – 掸语" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းၵၢဝ်းလီႁွင်ႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="掸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="උතුරු කොරියාව – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="උතුරු කොරියාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="North Korea" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3rejsk%C3%A1_%C4%BEudovodemokratick%C3%A1_republika" title="Kórejská ľudovodemokratická republika – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kórejská ľudovodemokratická republika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severna_Koreja" title="Severna Koreja – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Severna Koreja" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tave-Korea" title="Tave-Korea – 伊纳里萨米语" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Tave-Korea" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="伊纳里萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="North Korea" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waqooyiga_Kuuriya" title="Waqooyiga Kuuriya – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Waqooyiga Kuuriya" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreja_e_Veriut" title="Koreja e Veriut – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Koreja e Veriut" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Северна Кореја – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Северна Кореја" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ondroben-Korea" title="Ondroben-Korea – 苏里南汤加语" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Ondroben-Korea" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="苏里南汤加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IKhoriya_leseNyakatfo" title="IKhoriya leseNyakatfo – 斯瓦蒂语" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IKhoriya leseNyakatfo" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="斯瓦蒂语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kor%C3%A9a_Kal%C3%A9r" title="Koréa Kalér – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Koréa Kalér" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordkorea" title="Nordkorea – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nordkorea" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Kaskazini" title="Korea Kaskazini – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Korea Kaskazini" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%AF%C5%82nocno_Koryjo" title="Půłnocno Koryjo – 西里西亚语" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Půłnocno Koryjo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea,_north" title="Korea, north – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Korea, north" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%9F_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="வட கொரியா – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வட கொரியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea,_north" title="Korea, north – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Korea, north" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A5%9B%E1%A5%AB%E1%A5%92%E1%A5%B0_%E1%A5%90%E1%A5%A8%E1%A5%9D%E1%A5%B0_%E1%A5%98%E1%A5%A4%E1%A5%B0_%E1%A5%95%E1%A5%A3%E1%A5%B0_%E1%A5%98%E1%A5%AB%E1%A5%B4" title="ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥐᥨᥝᥰ ᥘᥤᥰ ᥕᥣᥰ ᥘᥫᥴ – Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥐᥨᥝᥰ ᥘᥤᥰ ᥕᥣᥰ ᥘᥫᥴ" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%89%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%B0_%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE" title="ఉత్తర కొరియా – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఉత్తర కొరియా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreia_Norte" title="Koreia Norte – 德顿语" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Koreia Norte" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="德顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D1%83%D0%BC%D2%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%9B%D3%A3-%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Ҷумҳурии Халқӣ-Демократии Корея – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷумҳурии Халқӣ-Демократии Корея" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD" title="ประเทศเกาหลีเหนือ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศเกาหลีเหนือ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kore%C3%BDa_Halk-Demokratik_Respublikasy" title="Koreýa Halk-Demokratik Respublikasy – 土库曼语" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Koreýa Halk-Demokratik Respublikasy" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土库曼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilagang_Korea" title="Hilagang Korea – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Hilagang Korea" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kob%C9%99son%C9%99_Korej%C9%99" title="Kobəsonə Korejə – 塔里什文" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Kobəsonə Korejə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="塔里什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%8Dlea_Tokelau" title="Kōlea Tokelau – 汤加语" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Kōlea Tokelau" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="汤加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Not_Koria" title="Not Koria – 托克皮辛语" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Not Koria" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="托克皮辛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuzey_Kore" title="Kuzey Kore – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kuzey Kore" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea – 赛德克语" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="North Korea" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="赛德克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea – 聪加语" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="North Korea" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="聪加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D2%96%D3%A9%D0%BC%D2%BB%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Корея Халык Демократик Җөмһүрияте – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Корея Халык Демократик Җөмһүрияте" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea – 通布卡语" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="North Korea" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="通布卡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D2%A3%D0%B3%D1%83_%D0%9A%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Соңгу Көрей – 图瓦语" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Соңгу Көрей" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="图瓦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA-%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Корея Калык-Демократи Республика – 乌德穆尔特语" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Корея Калык-Демократи Республика" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="乌德穆尔特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%89%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89%D9%8A_%DA%86%D8%A7%DB%8B%D8%B4%D9%8A%DB%95%D9%86" title="شىمالىي چاۋشيەن – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="شىمالىي چاۋشيەن" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Північна Корея – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Північна Корея" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="شمالی کوریا – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شمالی کوریا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreya_Xalq_Demokratik_Respublikasi" title="Koreya Xalq Demokratik Respublikasi – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Koreya Xalq Demokratik Respublikasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corea_del_Nord" title="Corea del Nord – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Corea del Nord" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korejan_Rahvahali%C5%BE-Demokratine_Tazovaldkund" title="Korejan Rahvahaliž-Demokratine Tazovaldkund – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Korejan Rahvahaliž-Demokratine Tazovaldkund" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BB%99ng_h%C3%B2a_D%C3%A2n_ch%E1%BB%A7_Nh%C3%A2n_d%C3%A2n_Tri%E1%BB%81u_Ti%C3%AAn" title="Cộng hòa Dân chủ Nhân dân Triều Tiên – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cộng hòa Dân chủ Nhân dân Triều Tiên" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nol%C3%BCda-Korey%C3%A4n" title="Nolüda-Koreyän – 沃拉普克语" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Nolüda-Koreyän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="沃拉普克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cor%C3%AAye_bijhrece" title="Corêye bijhrece – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Corêye bijhrece" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amihanan_nga_Korea" title="Amihanan nga Korea – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Amihanan nga Korea" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kore_gu_B%C3%ABj-g%C3%A0nnaar" title="Kore gu Bëj-gànnaar – 沃洛夫语" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Kore gu Bëj-gànnaar" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="沃洛夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coreia_do_Twoaie" title="Coreia do Twoaie – 科萨语" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Coreia do Twoaie" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="科萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%94_%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%90" title="ოორუე კორეა – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ოორუე კორეა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%A2" title="צפון קארעע – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="צפון קארעע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B2r%C3%A9%C3%A0_%C3%80r%C3%ADw%C3%A1" title="Kòréà Àríwá – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Kòréà Àríwá" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauzsenh_Minzcujcujyi_Yinzminz_Gunghozgoz" title="Cauzsenh Minzcujcujyi Yinzminz Gunghozgoz – 壮语" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Cauzsenh Minzcujcujyi Yinzminz Gunghozgoz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壮语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%C3%B4rd-Korea" title="Noôrd-Korea – 西蘭文" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Noôrd-Korea" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="西蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%BD%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%A2%E2%B4%B0_%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B3%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%BC%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%9C" title="ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⴼⴰⵏⵜ – 标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⴼⴰⵏⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C3%A2u-si%C3%A1n_B%C3%AEn-ch%C3%BA-ch%C3%BA-g%C4%AB_J%C3%AEn-b%C3%AEn_Ki%C5%8Dng-h%C3%B4-kok" title="Tiâu-sián Bîn-chú-chú-gī Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tiâu-sián Bîn-chú-chú-gī Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q423#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&oldid=85077311" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&id=85077311&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%259C%259D%25E9%25B2%259C%25E6%25B0%2591%25E4%25B8%25BB%25E4%25B8%25BB%25E4%25B9%2589%25E4%25BA%25BA%25E6%25B0%2591%25E5%2585%25B1%25E5%2592%258C%25E5%259B%25BD"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%259C%259D%25E9%25B2%259C%25E6%25B0%2591%25E4%25B8%25BB%25E4%25B8%25BB%25E4%25B9%2589%25E4%25BA%25BA%25E6%25B0%2591%25E5%2585%25B1%25E5%2592%258C%25E5%259B%25BD"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%EC%9D%B8%EB%AF%BC%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C" hreflang="zh"><span>维基新闻</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikiquote.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C" hreflang="zh"><span>维基语录</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikivoyage.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C" hreflang="zh"><span>维基导游</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q423" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-noteTA-7adabd6a" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换"><img alt="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科,自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要补充更多<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2024年7月9日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助補充多方面<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>,<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查证">无法查证</a>的内容可能會因為<a href="/wiki/Template:Fact" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Fact">异议提出</a>而被移除。<br />致使用者:请搜索一下条目的标题(来源搜索:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?&as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%22">"朝鲜民主主义人民共和国"</a> — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?q=%22%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%22">网页</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=&as_src=-newswire+-wire+-presswire+-PR+-press+-release+-wikipedia&q=%22%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%22">新闻</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_pub=-icon&q=%22%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%22">书籍</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//scholar.google.com/scholar?&q=%22%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%22">学术</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&safe=off&q=%22%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%22">图像</a></span>),以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">判定指引</a>)。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="noteTA-7adabd6a" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Korea"></div><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Korea Comparison"></div><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="IT"></div><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="People"></div><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="地名"></div></div><div class="noteTA-local"><div data-noteta-code="zh-cn:老龄化;zh-tw:高齡化;zh-hk:老化;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:水平;zh-hant:水準;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:原子;zh-hant:核子;"></div><div data-noteta-code="建立" data-noteta-desc="过度转换"></div><div data-noteta-code="取得" data-noteta-desc="过度转换"></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84833064">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74069148">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.mobile{display:none}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.nomobile{display:inherit;display:initial}</style><span class="ifmobile"><span class="nomobile">  </span><span class="mobile"></span></span>「<b>北韩</b>」重定向至此。关于中华人民共和国山西临汾曾下辖的一个乡,请见「<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%9F%A9%E4%B9%A1" title="北韩乡">北韩乡</a></b>」。</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r74069148"><span class="ifmobile"><span class="nomobile">  </span><span class="mobile"></span></span>关于1945-1946年朝鲜半岛的左翼政权,请见「<b><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="朝鮮人民共和國">朝鲜人民共和国</a></b>」。</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84055776">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">朝鮮民主主義人民共和國</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span lang="ko">조선민주주의인민공화국</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; padding:0 2px 0 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_North_Korea.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国国旗"><img alt="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国国旗" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/125px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/188px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/250px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%97" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国国旗">国旗</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; padding:0 5px 0 2px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_North_Korea.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国国徽"><img alt="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国国徽" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Emblem_of_North_Korea.svg/85px-Emblem_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Emblem_of_North_Korea.svg/128px-Emblem_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Emblem_of_North_Korea.svg/170px-Emblem_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%BE%BD" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国国徽">国徽</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><b>格言:</b><span lang="ko">강성대국</span><br />「<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B7%E7%9B%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%8B" title="強盛大國">強盛大國</a>」</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem" style=""><b>国歌:</b><span lang="ko">애국가</span><br />《<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%8C_(%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B)" title="愛國歌 (朝鮮民主主義人民共和國)">愛國歌</a>》<br /><div style="padding-top:0.4em;"></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:North_Korea_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="  朝鮮民主主義人民共和國的位置"><img alt="  朝鮮民主主義人民共和國的位置" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/North_Korea_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/250px-North_Korea_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/North_Korea_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/375px-North_Korea_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/North_Korea_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/500px-North_Korea_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="536" data-file-height="536" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84565780">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--border-color-notice,black);color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .legend-color-styled{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--border-color-notice,black);color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#007F00; color:white;"> </span> </span>朝鮮民主主義人民共和國的位置</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">地位</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%A0%B8%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="有核國家">有核國家</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8#非馬列主義系統的社会主义国家" title="社会主义国家列表">非馬列系統的社會主義國家</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">首都<div class="ib-country-largest">暨最大城市</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%A3%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="平壤">平壤</a><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82757201">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=zh&pagename=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&params=39_2_N_125_45_E_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据"><span class="latitude">39°2′N</span> <span class="longitude">125°45′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据">39.033°N 125.750°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">39.033; 125.750</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">官方语言</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E" title="朝鮮語">朝鮮語</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E8%AA%9E" title="文化語">文化語</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%8F%E7%BE%A4" title="族群">族群</a><div class="ib-country-ethnic"></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮民族">朝鮮民族</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國政治">政府</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E4%B8%80%E5%88%B6" title="单一制">单一制</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%85%9A%E4%B8%93%E6%94%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="一党专政">一党专政</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="社会主义共和国">社会主义共和国</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%AC%E8%A3%81" title="独裁">独裁</a>统治下的<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%B0%8F%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="金氏王朝">世袭制</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B5%E6%AC%8A%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="極權國家">极权国家</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8B%E5%AE%9E%E4%B8%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="事实上">事实上</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8B%9E%E5%8B%95%E9%BB%A8%E7%B8%BD%E6%9B%B8%E8%A8%98" title="朝鮮勞動黨總書記">朝鮮勞動黨總書記</a></span><br /><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%95%BF" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国国务委员会委员长">國務委員會委員長</a></span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E6%81%A9" title="金正恩">金正恩</a><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE%E5%B8%B8%E4%BB%BB%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%95%BF" title="最高人民会议常任委员会委员长">最高人民會議常任委員長</a></span><br /><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国国务委员会">国务委员会</a>第一副委员长</span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%94%E9%BE%99%E6%B5%B7" title="崔龙海">崔龙海</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国国务委员会">国务委员会</a>副委员长</span><br /><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国总理">內閣總理</a></span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%BE%B7%E8%AE%AD" title="金德训">金德训</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%85%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="朝鲜劳动党中央军事委员会">中央軍事委員會</a>副委員長</span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B4%E6%AD%A3%E5%A4%A9" title="朴正天">朴正天</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E7%82%B3%E5%93%B2" title="李炳哲">李炳哲</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" title="最高人民会议">最高人民會議</a>議長</span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B4%E6%B3%B0%E6%88%90" title="朴泰成">朴泰成</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">立法机构</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" title="最高人民会议">最高人民會議</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国军事">现役军人</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1,200,000人(<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%85%E9%83%A8%E9%98%9F%E6%9C%8D%E5%BD%B9%E4%BA%BA%E6%95%B0%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各国武装部队服役人数列表">第5名</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國歷史">历史</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%97%A5%E6%B2%BB%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="朝鮮日治時期">日本殖民</a>结束 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1945年8月15日</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%BB%B3" title="蘇聯民政廳">蘇聯紅軍佔領</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1945年10月3日</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="北朝鲜人民委员会">臨時政府</a>成立 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1946年2月8日</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 建国 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1948年9月9日</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E6%9C%83%E7%AC%AC702%E8%99%9F%E6%B1%BA%E8%AD%B0" title="聯合國安全理事會第702號決議">加入联合国</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1991年9月17日</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国地理">面积</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 总计</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">120,540平方公里(<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E9%9D%A2%E7%A7%AF%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="世界各国和地区面积列表">第97名</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 水域率</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">0.11%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國人口">人口</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2022年估计</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">25,990,675(<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各国家和地区人口列表">第54名</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2008年普查</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">24,052,231人</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 密度</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">198.3/平方公里(<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各国家和地区人口密度列表">第45名</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC" title="国内生产总值">GDP</a><span style="font-weight:normal;">(<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%AD%E4%B9%B0%E5%8A%9B%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%B7" title="购买力平价">PPP</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">2021年估计</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 总计</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">12,1億<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%85%83" title="美元">美元</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%9E%E8%B4%A8%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各国实质国内生产总值列表">第160名</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 人均</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1,700美元(<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%9D%87%E5%AE%9E%E8%B4%A8%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各国人均实质国内生产总值列表">第184名</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC" title="国内生产总值">GDP</a><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="nowrap">(国际汇率)</span></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">2017年估计</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 总计</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">300億美元(<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%90%8D%E4%B9%89%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各国名义国内生产总值列表">第114名</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 人均</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1,300美元(<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%9D%87%E5%90%8D%E4%B9%89%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各国人均名义国内生产总值列表">第177名</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B0" title="人类发展指数">人类发展指数</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">0.564<span class="nowrap">(2016年)</span><br /><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83933911">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:orange">中</span></span> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各國人類發展指數列表">第195名</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">货币</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%9C%93" title="朝鮮圓">朝鮮圓</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E2%82%A9" title="₩">₩</a>)(<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">KPW</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">时区</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8F%E8%B0%83%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%97%B6" title="协调世界时">UTC</a>+9</span>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%A3%A4%E6%99%82%E9%96%93" title="平壤時間">平壤時間</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">日期格式</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>yyyy-mm-dd</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E6%B3%95" title="历法">历法</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%9B%86" class="mw-redirect" title="公曆">公曆</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E8%B7%AF%E9%80%9A%E8%A1%8C%E6%96%B9%E5%90%91" title="道路通行方向">行驶方位</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A0%E5%8F%B3%E8%A1%8C%E9%A7%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="靠右行駛">靠右行駛</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">电话区号</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%2B850" class="mw-redirect" title="+850">+850</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166码</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:KP" title="ISO 3166-2:KP">KP</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80%E9%A0%82%E7%B4%9A%E5%9F%9F" title="國家和地區頂級域">互联网顶级域</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/.kp" title=".kp">.kp</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><div class="ib-country-website"><b>网站</b><br /><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.korea-dpr.com/">www<wbr />.korea-dpr<wbr />.com</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423#P856" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align:left; font-size:small; line-height:1.5em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67735281">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size: 125%; background-color: #b0c4de;">朝鮮民主主義人民共和國</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:North_Korea.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/North_Korea.svg/300px-North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/North_Korea.svg/450px-North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/North_Korea.svg/600px-North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="171" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="font-size: small;">「朝鮮民主主義人民共和國」的諺文(上)和漢字(下)</div></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BA%E6%96%87" title="諺文">諺文</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; font-size: small;;"><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><span lang="ko-hang"><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%EC%9D%B8%EB%AF%BC%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" class="extiw" title="wikt:조선민주주의인민공화국">조선민주주의인민공화국</a> </span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" title="朝鮮漢字">汉字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; font-size: small;;"><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><span lang="ko-hani"><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="extiw" title="wikt:朝鮮民主主義人民共和國">朝鮮民主主義人民共和國</a> </span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left; font-size: small;;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%A7%91%E6%81%A9-%E8%B3%B4%E8%82%96%E7%88%BE%E8%A1%A8%E8%A8%98%E6%B3%95" title="馬科恩-賴肖爾表記法">马-赖式</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size: small;;"><span lang="ko-latn">Chosŏn Minjujuŭi Inmin Konghwaguk </span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></tbody></table> <p><b>朝鮮民主主義人民共和國</b>(<span>朝鲜语:<span title="諺文表記"><span lang="ko">조선민주주의인민공화국</span></span><small>/</small><span title="漢字(諺漢混用)表記"><span lang="ko">朝鮮民主主義人民共和國</span></span><sup> <i><span title="羅馬字表記" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none" lang="ko-Latn">Chosŏn Minjujuŭi Inmin Konghwaguk</span></i> <a href="/wiki/Help:%E9%9F%93%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:韓語"><span style="font-size:85%; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none;">?</span></a></sup></span>),简稱<b>朝鮮</b>(<span><span title="諺文表記"><span lang="ko">조선</span></span><small>/</small><span title="漢字(諺漢混用)表記"><span lang="ko">朝鮮</span></span><sup></sup></span>),<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%A9%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="大韩民国">韩国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="台湾">台湾</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80" title="澳門">澳門</a>等地亦稱<b>北韓</b>(<span><span title="諺文表記"><span lang="ko">북한</span></span><small>/</small><span title="漢字(諺漢混用)表記"><span lang="ko">北韓</span></span><sup></sup></span>),日本称<b>北朝鮮</b>(<span><span title="諺文表記"><span lang="ko">북조선</span></span><small>/</small><span title="漢字(諺漢混用)表記"><span lang="ko">北朝鮮</span></span><sup></sup></span>)<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>,是位於<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="東亞">東亞</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮半島">朝鮮半島</a>北部的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="社會主義">社會主義</a>國家,實際控制領土約12萬平方公里(約佔朝鮮半島總面積的55%),法定<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD" title="首都">首都</a>與最大城市為<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%A3%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="平壤">平壤</a>,與<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%93%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="大韓民國">大韓民國</a>以<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%85%AB%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="三八線">三八線</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%9F%93%E9%9D%9E%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="朝韓非軍事區">朝韓非軍事區</a>)分隔,北疆以<a href="/wiki/%E9%B4%A8%E7%B6%A0%E6%B1%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="鴨綠江">鴨綠江</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E5%80%91%E6%B1%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="圖們江">圖們江</a>(朝韓稱豆滿江)為界,與<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯">俄羅斯</a>接壤。 </p><p>1910年,朝鮮半島被<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="大日本帝国">大日本帝国</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%97%A5%E6%B2%BB%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="朝鮮日治時期">吞併</a>。 1945年<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%88%B0%E6%8A%95%E9%99%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="日本二戰投降">日本二戰投降</a>後,由<a href="/wiki/%E9%A7%90%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E9%99%B8%E8%BB%8D%E5%8F%B8%E4%BB%A4%E9%83%A8%E8%BB%8D%E6%94%BF%E5%BB%B3" title="駐朝鮮美國陸軍司令部軍政廳">美軍政廳</a>控制的半島南部在1948年8月15日率先建立<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%A9%9F%E9%97%9C" title="韓國中央行政機關">大韓民國政府</a>,而由<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%BB%B3" title="蘇聯民政廳">蘇聯民政廳</a>控制的半島北部稍晚於9月9日建立<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國政府">朝鮮民主主義人民共和國政府</a>。1950年6月,<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮戰爭">朝鮮戰爭</a>爆發。<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E8%BB%8D_(%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD)" class="mw-redirect" title="聯合國軍 (朝鮮戰爭)">聯合國軍</a>所支援的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%A9%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="大韩民国">大韓民國</a>,同<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯">蘇聯</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E7%BE%8E%E6%8F%B4%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="抗美援朝">抗美援朝</a>方針指導下的中华人民共和国所支持的朝鮮民主主義人民共和國最终在1953年7月27日簽署停戰協議。朝韓雙方以<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%85%AB%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="三八線">新三八線</a>為界保持半島「停戰」狀態至今<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>。 </p><p>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國社會主義憲法">朝鮮憲法</a>》稱朝鮮是一個以<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%97%A5%E6%88%90%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E6%97%A5%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="金日成金正日主義">金日成金正日主義</a>為指导思想的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="社會主義國家">社會主義國家</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,強調「<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E6%B3%95%E8%80%8C%E6%B2%BB" title="以法而治">以法而治</a>」。朝鮮擁有約120萬軍力的現役部隊,是全球<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%9D%E9%83%A8%E9%9A%8A%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="各國武裝部隊列表">武裝部隊人數</a>第四多的國家<sup id="cite_ref-美國國務院_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-美國國務院-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2017年朝鮮宣稱擁有<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%B2%E9%9A%9B%E5%BD%88%E9%81%93%E9%A3%9B%E5%BD%88" title="洲際彈道飛彈">洲際彈道飛彈</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F15%E5%BD%88%E9%81%93%E9%A3%9B%E5%BD%88" title="火星15彈道飛彈">火星15彈道飛彈</a>的投射能力,2018年宣布停止核計劃,集中進行經濟建設。2019年,<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="美國聯邦政府">美國政府</a>首次承認朝鮮擁有<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="核武器">核武器</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,且<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="聯合國">聯合國</a>亦持續針對朝鮮使用核武器之可能性及危險性召開會議,進行討論。 </p><p>朝鲜建國初期<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国经济">经济</a>發展較快<sup id="cite_ref-#1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,但20世纪70至80年代开始被<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%B1%9F%E5%A5%87%E8%BF%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="汉江奇迹">大韩民国反超</a>,1990年代<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A6%E9%9A%BE%E7%9A%84%E8%A1%8C%E5%86%9B" title="苦难的行军">發生大饑荒</a>後陷入困難<sup id="cite_ref-Moon_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moon-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Spoorenberg,_Thomas_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spoorenberg,_Thomas-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。此外,朝鮮的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E6%AC%8A" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國人權">人權狀況</a>一直受到批评,<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E4%BC%9A" title="联合国人权理事会">联合国人权理事会</a>的调查报告称其“对人权侵犯的严重性、规模和性质在当今世界找不到第二个”<sup id="cite_ref-#2_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ohchr.org_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ohchr.org-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,国际上的人权组织如<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E7%89%B9%E8%B5%A6%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" class="mw-redirect" title="国际特赦组织">国际特赦组织</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F" title="人权观察">人权观察</a>也持相似观点<sup id="cite_ref-Amnesty_International_2007_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amnesty_International_2007-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-#3_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#3-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-#4_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#4-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,但其政府则否认这些指控<sup id="cite_ref-human_rights4_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-human_rights4-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DPRK_HR_WSPOST_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DPRK_HR_WSPOST-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kcna.co.jp_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kcna.co.jp-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="國名"><span id=".E5.9C.8B.E5.90.8D"></span>國名</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节:國名"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C_(%E7%A7%B0%E8%B0%93)" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鲜 (称谓)">朝鮮 (稱謂)</a></div> <p>該國<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="漢字">漢字</a>全名為<span lang="ko"><b>朝鮮民主主義人民共和國</b></span>,簡稱<b>朝鮮</b>。該簡稱亦為中華人民共和國官方使用,<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="普通話">普通話</a>拼音為Cháoxiǎn,<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" title="注音符號">注音</a>寫作為ㄔㄠˊㄒㄧㄢ<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。朝鮮國內通常使用<b>朝鮮</b>或<b>共和國</b><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%93%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="大韓民國">大韓民國</a>官方將朝鮮民主主義人民共和國稱作<b>北韓</b>(<span lang="ko">북한</span>)。此外部分<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%88%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="韩国保守主义">韓國保守右派</a>人士也称呼该国为“金氏朝鮮”(<span lang="ko">김씨 조선</span>)或蔑称为「北傀」(<span lang="ko">북괴</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>在日本常簡稱為<b>北朝鲜</b>(<span title="漢字或假名表記(原文)"><span lang="ja">北朝鮮</span></span><small>/</small><span title="平假名表記"><span lang="ja">きたちょうせん</span></span><sup></sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a>在1992年<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%9F%A9%E5%BB%BA%E4%BA%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="中韩建交">與韓國建交</a>以前,一直將朝鮮民主主義人民共和國視為代表朝鮮半島的唯一合法政府,拒絕承認大韓民國政權,按照朝鮮的稱謂將其稱為「南朝鲜」,指其為<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%80%E5%84%A1%E6%94%BF%E6%AC%8A" title="傀儡政權">傀儡政權</a>,認為其是朝鮮民主主義人民共和國待<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE" title="解放">解放</a>的一個地區;1992年中華人民共和國與大韓民國建立外交關係以後,中華人民共和國官方不再跟随朝鲜当局对大韓民國的称呼,將大韩民国正式称为“韓國”。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E8%88%87%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%93%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82#斷交" class="mw-redirect" title="中華民國與大韓民國關係">與韓國斷交</a>以前,將大韓民國視為<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮半島">朝鮮半島</a>唯一合法政權並拒絕承認朝鮮民主主義人民共和國。断交后仍沿用将半岛南北分别称为“南韓”、“北韓”的用法。在<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3" title="臺灣">臺灣</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80" title="澳門">澳門</a>及許多<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="海外華人">海外華人</a>社区主要使用这种用法。 </p><p>半岛双方均承认源自<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%BA%97" title="高麗">高麗王朝</a>的<span lang="en">Korea</span>为各自的英语名稱,因此英语中沒有出现<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88" title="漢字文化圈">漢字文化圈</a>使用「朝鮮」还是「韓国」的問題。因此朝鮮民主主義人民共和國在英文语境中广泛使用「<span lang="en">North Korea</span>」称呼,簡写為<span lang="en">N. Korea</span>,亦使用<span lang="en">DPRK</span>(即<span lang="en">Democratic People's Republic of Korea</span>的全稱)作为英语简称。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节:歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鲜历史">朝鮮歷史</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国历史">朝鲜民主主义人民共和国历史</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="建国"><span id=".E5.BB.BA.E5.9B.BD"></span>建国</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节:建国"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kim_Il_Sung_Portrait-3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Kim_Il_Sung_Portrait-3.jpg/160px-Kim_Il_Sung_Portrait-3.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Kim_Il_Sung_Portrait-3.jpg/240px-Kim_Il_Sung_Portrait-3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Kim_Il_Sung_Portrait-3.jpg/320px-Kim_Il_Sung_Portrait-3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="21600" data-file-height="27288" /></a><figcaption>朝鲜民主主义人民共和国的缔造者<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%97%A5%E6%88%90" title="金日成">金日成</a></figcaption></figure> <p>1945年8月15日,<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%8A%95%E9%99%8D" title="日本投降">日本投降</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="二戰">二戰</a>結束。根據年初<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%B0%94%E5%A1%94%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" title="雅尔塔会议">雅尔塔会议</a>的安排,朝鮮半島由<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯">蘇聯</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%9F%E8%BB%8D%E8%A8%97%E7%AE%A1%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="盟軍託管朝鮮時期">共同托管</a>,並在三八線劃地而治。同年8月26日,北方成立“平安南道人民政治委员会”作为临时行政机构。10月10日,<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A" title="朝鲜共产党">朝鲜共产党</a>北朝鲜分局成立,11月18日改名为“<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A" title="北朝鲜共产党">北朝鲜共产党</a>”,金日成当选为<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%B9%A6%E8%AE%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="第一书记">第一书记</a>。1946年2月,北方设立国家最高权力机关“北朝鲜人民会议”,2月8日建立了以<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%97%A5%E6%88%90" title="金日成">金日成</a>為委员长的“<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E4%B8%B4%E6%97%B6%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="北朝鲜临时人民委员会">北朝鲜临时人民委员会</a>”作为最高行政机关。11月3日,北方各道市举行地方人民委员会代议员选举。1947年2月17日成立了最高权力机关“北朝鲜最高人民委员会”和最高行政机关“<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="北朝鲜人民委员会">北朝鲜人民委员会</a>”,并开始<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="土地改革">土地改革</a>。 </p><p>1948年4月29日“北朝鲜最高人民会议”通过了《朝鮮民主主義人民共和國憲法》,并在8月25日举行普选,产生朝鲜最高人民會議议员。同年8月15日,大韩民国率先正式成立,紧接着9月9日,朝鮮民主主義人民共和國也宣布成立,<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%97%A5%E6%88%90" title="金日成">金日成</a>出任<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="朝鲜总理列表">内阁首相</a>。此时,朝鲜半岛两个政权对峙的局面正式诞生。12月,苏联军队撤出半岛北部。1949年6月28日朝鲜成立“<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E5%9C%8B%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E6%88%B0%E7%B7%9A" title="祖國統一民主主義戰線">祖國統一民主主義戰線</a>”,实际上成为最高人民会议内部的政党联盟,控制了议会百分之百的议席。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="金日成执政时期"><span id=".E9.87.91.E6.97.A5.E6.88.90.E6.89.A7.E6.94.BF.E6.97.B6.E6.9C.9F"></span>金日成执政时期</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节:金日成执政时期"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="進攻南部"><span id=".E9.80.B2.E6.94.BB.E5.8D.97.E9.83.A8"></span>進攻南部</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节:進攻南部"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮戰爭">朝鮮戰爭</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Korean_war_1950-1953.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Korean_war_1950-1953.gif/160px-Korean_war_1950-1953.gif" decoding="async" width="160" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Korean_war_1950-1953.gif/240px-Korean_war_1950-1953.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Korean_war_1950-1953.gif/320px-Korean_war_1950-1953.gif 2x" data-file-width="562" data-file-height="871" /></a><figcaption>1950年-1953年韓戰形勢圖</figcaption></figure> <p>朝鮮立國後,金日成試圖以武裝力量統一朝鮮半島。在<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯">蘇聯</a>的支持下,<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮人民軍">朝鮮人民軍</a>於1950年6月25日越過<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%85%AB%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="三八線">三八線</a>,發動對大韓民國的進攻,<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="朝鲜战争">朝鲜战争</a>爆發。但是朝鮮的這一突然舉動并未得到<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="中華人民共和國">中華人民共和國</a>的支持。<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%B1%E7%94%A2%E9%BB%A8%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="中國共產黨中央委員會主席">中國共產黨主席</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E6%BE%A4%E6%9D%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="毛澤東">毛澤東</a>認為,指揮<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E5%86%9B" title="中国人民解放军">中国人民解放军</a>横渡臺灣海峽、進攻臺灣才是最為緊要的,幫助<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" title="朝鮮半島統一問題">朝鮮半島統一</a>的问题中朝應該事後再談。<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮人民軍">朝鮮人民軍</a>於6月28日攻下<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%9F%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="漢城">漢城</a>(今稱首爾),並迅速攻到<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E6%9D%B1%E6%B1%9F" title="洛東江">洛東江</a>一帶。7月7日,<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%89%E7%90%86%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="聯合國安理會">聯合國安理會</a>通過第84號決議,派遣<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E8%BB%8D_(%E9%9F%93%E6%88%B0)" class="mw-redirect" title="聯合國軍 (韓戰)">聯合國軍</a>支援<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%93%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E8%BB%8D" title="大韓民國國軍">大韓民國國軍</a>抵禦朝鮮的進攻,聯合國軍司令由美國指派。9月15日,聯合國軍在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%81%E5%B7%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="仁川">仁川</a>登陸後,漸漸扭轉了戰爭的局面:其先於9月28日重佔漢城,並在10月9日越過三八線進行反攻,<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%A3%A4%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9_(1950%E5%B9%B4)" title="平壤戰役 (1950年)">打下平壤</a>,使朝鮮中央政府一度北遷到<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E7%95%8C%E5%B8%82" title="江界市">江界</a>。隨後,金日成请求<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="中華人民共和國">中華人民共和國</a>出兵支援,<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%B1%E7%94%A2%E9%BB%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="中國共產黨">中國共產黨</a>派遣軍隊,以<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%BF%97%E6%84%BF%E5%86%9B" title="中国人民志愿军">中国人民志愿军</a>的名義參戰。聯合國軍因而遭到擊退,漢城再度失守。不久,聯合國軍又重奪漢城,並將戰線重新推進到三八線。此後,雖有聯合國軍的美軍在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%A3%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="平壤">平壤</a>進行無差別轟炸,也有朝鮮人民軍在<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E6%9F%93%E5%B2%AD%E6%88%98%E6%96%97" title="血染岭战斗">喋血嶺的抗戰</a>,但戰爭一直處於膠著狀態。 </p><p>1951年7月10日,中華人民共和國和朝鮮方面與聯合國軍的美國代表開始進行停戰談判。在經歷了幾次的談判後,雙方最終於1953年7月27日在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BF%E9%96%80%E5%BA%97" title="板門店">板門店</a>簽署《<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%81%9C%E6%88%B0%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮停戰協定">朝鮮停戰協定</a>》,朝鮮半島沿<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%85%AB%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="三八線">三八線</a>非軍事區劃分為兩個國家,亦標誌著歷時3年的韓戰形式上的結束。朝鮮表示,自己屬戰勝一方,並且认为引發韓戰的是美國的侵略及南朝鮮。中華人民共和國表示,<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%BF%97%E6%84%BF%E5%86%9B" title="中国人民志愿军">中国人民志愿軍</a>入朝作戰是对于美国军队越过三八线、进犯中朝边界的被动反击,<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E7%BE%8E%E6%8F%B4%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="抗美援朝">抗美援朝战争</a>是反抗美国侵略、保卫中国安全、维护世界和平的正义之举,《<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%81%9C%E6%88%98%E5%8D%8F%E5%AE%9A" title="朝鲜停战协定">朝鲜停战协定</a>》的签订标志着抗美援朝的胜利<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="冷战时期"><span id=".E5.86.B7.E6.88.98.E6.97.B6.E6.9C.9F"></span>冷战时期</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节:冷战时期"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dprk_pyongyang_tchholima_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Dprk_pyongyang_tchholima_05.jpg/200px-Dprk_pyongyang_tchholima_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Dprk_pyongyang_tchholima_05.jpg/300px-Dprk_pyongyang_tchholima_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Dprk_pyongyang_tchholima_05.jpg/400px-Dprk_pyongyang_tchholima_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%83%E9%87%8C%E9%A6%AC%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="千里馬運動">千里马运动</a></figcaption></figure> <p>朝鲜战争結束後,<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%85%9A" title="朝鲜劳动党">朝鲜劳动党</a>政權試圖進一步強化其統治。一方面该党積極宣揚<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%BE%8E" title="反美">仇美</a>思想,並表示朝鲜战争是由<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>發動,并旨在吞併朝鲜<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。另一方面,朝鮮政府擴張對<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%80%8B%E4%BA%BA%E5%B4%87%E6%8B%9C" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國的個人崇拜">金日成的個人崇拜</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E9%AB%94%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="主體思想">主體思想</a>也於1950年應運而生<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%97%A5%E6%88%90" title="金日成">金日成</a>還在1956年同时肃清了朝鲜劳动党内企圖推翻他的「<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E6%B4%BE" title="延安派">延安派</a>」与「<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E6%B4%BE" title="蘇聯派">蘇聯派</a>」成員,史稱<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E6%9C%88%E5%AE%97%E6%B4%BE%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="八月宗派事件">八月宗派事件</a>。此後,他又根據國民的家庭背景將民眾<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E8%BA%AB%E6%88%90%E5%88%86#朝鮮民主主義人民共和國" title="出身成分">劃分為三個社會阶级</a><sup id="cite_ref-朝鮮人眼中的朝鮮人1_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朝鮮人眼中的朝鮮人1-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>1960年代,朝鮮在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%98%87%E4%BA%A4%E6%83%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="中蘇交惡">中蘇交惡</a>後在敌对的<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯">蘇聯</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="中華人民共和國">中華人民共和國</a>之間左右逢源,以保證自身的最大利益<sup id="cite_ref-ifeng1_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ifeng1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,但總體上<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%9C%9D%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="中朝关系">中朝關係</a>仍然較為穩定友好<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。同時儘管<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E4%BF%84%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB#冷战时期" class="mw-redirect" title="朝俄关系">朝鮮與蘇聯</a>也有過多次矛盾,但雙方關係總體上也比較穩定<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在蘇聯的支援下,朝鮮的經濟穩步上揚,當中特別以重工業的發展最為顯著。朝鮮的供電網在1970年早已超越韓國,覆蓋了全北朝鮮境內的村子及家庭。在1971年,朝鲜人均能量消耗為1326千瓦,較韓國的521千瓦高出一倍有多,類似情況持續至1988年才有改變。至1976年,朝鮮的人均<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%A7%E7%94%9F%E7%94%A2%E7%B8%BD%E5%80%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="國內生產總值">國內生產總值</a>(GDP)已領先韓國<sup id="cite_ref-#1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。而在1980年代以前,更有不少<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%97%8F" title="中國朝鮮族">中國朝鮮族</a>人因中國<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%B7%83%E8%BF%9B" title="大跃进">大跃进</a>的災難而逃回朝鮮;<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="文化大革命">文化大革命</a>期间,朝鮮也是接濟中國難民的一方<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pyongyang_metro_station_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Pyongyang_metro_station_2.jpg/200px-Pyongyang_metro_station_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Pyongyang_metro_station_2.jpg/300px-Pyongyang_metro_station_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Pyongyang_metro_station_2.jpg/400px-Pyongyang_metro_station_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3578" data-file-height="2385" /></a><figcaption>防空洞改建而成的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%A3%A4%E5%9C%B0%E9%93%81" class="mw-redirect" title="平壤地铁">平壤地铁</a></figcaption></figure> <p>1970年代,隨著<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%BE%8E%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" class="mw-redirect" title="中美關係">中美關係</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%97%A5%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" class="mw-redirect" title="中日關係">中日關係</a>的改善、<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="冷戰">冷戰</a>的對峙形勢緩和,朝韩關係開始好转。1971年韓國紅十字會向朝鮮紅十字會提議召開會談以討論尋求<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%9F%A9%E9%9B%A2%E6%95%A3%E5%AE%B6%E5%B1%AC%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98" class="mw-redirect" title="朝韩離散家屬问题">離散家屬團聚</a>的方法,並得到朝鮮的回應<sup id="cite_ref-張李1_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張李1-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。同年9月,雙方的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="紅十字會">紅十字會</a>舉行了首次的預備會議,並在次年8月正式展開會談,南北雙方長期對立的關係从而被打破<sup id="cite_ref-張李1_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張李1-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。同時,韓國總統<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B4%E6%AD%A3%E7%86%99" title="朴正熙">朴正熙</a>於1972年5月派<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E6%83%85%E5%A0%B1%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="韓國國家情報院">情報部長</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%8E%9A%E6%B4%9B" title="李厚洛">李厚洛</a>密訪朝鮮,與金日成商討<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%97%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" title="朝鮮半島南北關係">朝鮮半島南北關係</a>等問題<sup id="cite_ref-張李1_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張李1-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。數日後,时任朝鲜第二副首相<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B4%E6%88%90%E5%93%B2" title="朴成哲">朴成哲</a>回訪漢城<sup id="cite_ref-張李1_35-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張李1-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。雙方最終在同年7月4日發表《朝鮮北方和南方聯合聲明》,以圖實施朝鮮半島的和平及統一。 </p><p>1980年代,朝鮮半島南北關係更進一步,實現了雙邊貿易和民間的交流。同時,金日成的長子<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E6%97%A5" title="金正日">金正日</a>在1980年成為<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%85%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%B1%80" title="朝鲜劳动党中央委员会政治局">朝鮮勞動黨中央政治局</a>常委,隨後在1982年加入<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" title="最高人民会议">最高人民會議</a>。他不但取得「親愛的領袖」的專稱,更成為大規模個人崇拜的對象,作为其父繼任人的地位更為鞏固<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。但另一方面,朝鮮面臨著經濟危機。隨著蘇聯的經濟衰退,蘇聯不能再以特優價格向朝鮮提供糧食、能源和肥料等資源,朝鲜的進口量因而大減,埋下了1994年至1998年間全國糧食短缺的隱患<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="金正日执政时期"><span id=".E9.87.91.E6.AD.A3.E6.97.A5.E6.89.A7.E6.94.BF.E6.97.B6.E6.9C.9F"></span>金正日执政时期</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节:金正日执政时期"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>朝鮮勞動黨總書記、國家主席<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%97%A5%E6%88%90" title="金日成">金日成</a>在統治朝鮮近半個世紀后於1994年7月8日在其<a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%99%E9%A6%99%E5%B1%B1" title="妙香山">妙香山</a>官邸<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%97%A5%E6%88%90%E4%B9%8B%E6%AD%BB" title="金日成之死">逝世</a>,享壽82歲。1997年10月8日,朝鲜第二代領導人、金日成之子<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E6%97%A5" title="金正日">金正日</a>當選<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8B%9E%E5%8B%95%E9%BB%A8%E7%B8%BD%E6%9B%B8%E8%A8%98" title="朝鮮勞動黨總書記">朝鮮勞動黨總書記</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%85%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%95%BF" title="朝鲜劳动党中央军事委员会委员长">朝鮮勞動黨中央軍事委員會委員長</a>,正式上臺執政。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="“苦难行军”"><span id=".E2.80.9C.E8.8B.A6.E9.9A.BE.E8.A1.8C.E5.86.9B.E2.80.9D"></span>“苦难行军”</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节:“苦难行军”"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/w/index.php?title=File:Baekryong_location_2.svg&lang=zh" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Baekryong_location_2.svg/langzh-160px-Baekryong_location_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Baekryong_location_2.svg/langzh-240px-Baekryong_location_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Baekryong_location_2.svg/langzh-320px-Baekryong_location_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="912" data-file-height="653" /></a><figcaption>2010年11月23日,朝鮮人民軍向<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="韓國">韓國</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%B6%E5%9D%AA%E5%B2%9B" title="延坪岛">延坪島</a>進行炮轟,令朝鮮半島的關係更為緊張</figcaption></figure> <p>1991年<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E8%A7%A3%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯解體">蘇聯解體</a>后,對朝鮮的援助被停止,而朝鮮與新成立的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯聯邦">俄羅斯聯邦</a>之間的貿易只剩下原來的5.5%<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。中華人民共和國在1992年8月24日與<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%93%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="大韓民國">大韓民國</a><a href="/wiki/1992%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%AD%E9%9F%A9%E5%BB%BA%E4%BA%A4" title="1992年中韩建交">建交</a>,朝鮮不但失去主要的政治盟友和支援,并因為外交因素與一向有著经济往來的中華人民共和國交惡,開始在國際社會陷入空前的孤立與被排斥狀態。由於内部糟糕的糧食政策和外部支援的缺乏<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,朝鮮於1994年爆發<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A6%E9%9A%BE%E7%9A%84%E8%A1%8C%E5%86%9B" title="苦难的行军">大規模的飢荒</a>,朝鲜官方称之为“苦难的行军”。至1998年災難舒緩時,外界猜測死亡人數達25萬至350萬,但從未有準確資料佐证<sup id="cite_ref-Moon_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moon-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Spoorenberg,_Thomas_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spoorenberg,_Thomas-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>。 </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:North_Korean_Unha-3_rocket_at_launch_pad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/North_Korean_Unha-3_rocket_at_launch_pad.jpg/130px-North_Korean_Unha-3_rocket_at_launch_pad.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/North_Korean_Unha-3_rocket_at_launch_pad.jpg/195px-North_Korean_Unha-3_rocket_at_launch_pad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/North_Korean_Unha-3_rocket_at_launch_pad.jpg/260px-North_Korean_Unha-3_rocket_at_launch_pad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>朝鮮發展的銀河二號宇宙火箭</figcaption></figure> <p>飢荒過後,<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E6%97%A5" title="金正日">金正日</a>宣佈最艱難的時期已經過去、朝鮮正式邁向<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B7%E7%9B%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%8B" title="強盛大國">強盛大國</a>的年代<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。另一方面,韓國總統<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%AD" title="金大中">金大中</a>在1998年入主<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E7%93%A6%E5%8F%B0" title="青瓦台">青瓦臺</a>後,積極改善與中國和日本等鄰國的關係;2000年,<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%AD" title="金大中">金大中</a>推行「<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%BD%E5%85%89%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96" title="陽光政策">陽光政策</a>」,希望以和談等手法處理朝鮮半島分裂的局面。同年6月13日至6月15日,第一次<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%97%E9%9F%93%E9%AB%98%E5%B3%B0%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="南北韓高峰會">南北高峰會</a>在平壤召開,金大中與金正日舉行會談。這是朝鮮半島分治55年後的首次首腦會議,會議後雙方發表了《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%8D%97%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="北南共同宣言">北南共同宣言</a>》。這也是自半島分裂後,雙方領導人首次會晤後簽署的歷史性文件。此後,韓國無條件地向朝鮮提供經濟援助,雙方又在經濟、文化等領域上建立合作關係,朝鮮半島的局勢進一步緩和<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="发展核武"><span id=".E5.8F.91.E5.B1.95.E6.A0.B8.E6.AD.A6"></span>发展核武</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节:发展核武"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%A0%B8%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98" title="朝鲜核问题">朝鲜核问题</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E4%B8%8E%E5%A4%A7%E8%A7%84%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%80%E4%BC%A4%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="朝鲜与大规模杀伤性武器">朝鲜与大规模杀伤性武器</a></div> <p>韓國對朝鮮實施經濟援助后,朝鮮取得發展<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E6%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="核武">核武</a>的資金,並承認正在發展<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A6%8F%E6%A8%A1%E6%AE%BA%E5%82%B7%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="大規模殺傷性武器">大規模殺傷性武器</a>。為使朝鮮放棄發展核武,美國在2003年與<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="中華人民共和國">中國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%93%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="大韓民國">韓國</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯">俄羅斯</a>與朝鮮展開了六轮<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E6%96%B9%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%87" class="mw-redirect" title="六方會談">六方會談</a><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。期間,朝鮮曾在2006年7月6日發射<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8E%E5%BD%88" class="mw-redirect" title="導彈">導彈</a>及進行<a href="/wiki/2006%E5%B9%B4%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%A0%B8%E8%A9%A6%E9%A9%97" title="2006年朝鮮核試驗">核試驗</a>﹔但隨後會談在2007年取得了突破性进展:朝鮮同意分階段放棄核武並願意對<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%83%E7%B8%AE%E9%88%BE" title="濃縮鈾">濃縮鈾</a>問題採取合作態度<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。然而,朝鮮在2009年4月14日又宣佈退出六方會談<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>,並重新啟動核設施<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。同年5月,朝鮮進行了<a href="/wiki/2009%E5%B9%B4%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%A0%B8%E8%AF%95%E9%AA%8C" title="2009年朝鲜核试验">第二次地下核試</a><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>朝鲜半岛北南關係也在此時再度惡化。2010年3月26日晚間,<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%93%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="大韓民國海軍">大韓民國海軍</a>的天安號護衛艦在<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="黃海">黃海</a>海域巡邏時被潛艇發射的<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%9A%E9%9B%B7" title="魚雷">魚雷</a>擊沉,美國称是朝鮮所为,但朝鮮方面一直未承認<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。同年11月23日,朝鮮又發動<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%B6%E5%9D%AA%E5%B2%9B%E7%82%AE%E5%87%BB%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="延坪岛炮击事件">延坪島炮擊事件</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="金正恩执政时期"><span id=".E9.87.91.E6.AD.A3.E6.81.A9.E6.89.A7.E6.94.BF.E6.97.B6.E6.9C.9F"></span>金正恩执政时期</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节:金正恩执政时期"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palais_des_congr%C3%A8s_Pyongyang.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Palais_des_congr%C3%A8s_Pyongyang.jpg/170px-Palais_des_congr%C3%A8s_Pyongyang.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Palais_des_congr%C3%A8s_Pyongyang.jpg/255px-Palais_des_congr%C3%A8s_Pyongyang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Palais_des_congr%C3%A8s_Pyongyang.jpg/340px-Palais_des_congr%C3%A8s_Pyongyang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5152" data-file-height="3864" /></a><figcaption>朝鲜劳动党七大召开地点选在平壤的4·25文化會館</figcaption></figure> <p>2011年12月19日第二代領導人<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E6%97%A5%E4%B9%8B%E6%AD%BB" title="金正日之死">金正日離世</a>,享年69歲。其第三子<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E6%81%A9" title="金正恩">金正恩</a>接任<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E9%A2%86%E5%AF%BC%E8%80%85_(%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%A4%B4%E8%A1%94)" title="最高领导者 (朝鲜头衔)">最高領導人</a>之位。<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%A0%B8%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98" title="朝鲜核问题">朝鲜核問題</a>和朝鮮半島的局勢未有改善,2013年2月12日朝鲜進行<a href="/wiki/2013%E5%B9%B4%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%A0%B8%E8%AF%95%E9%AA%8C" title="2013年朝鲜核试验">第三次核試</a><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。同年3月5日,朝鲜宣佈撕毀「朝鮮停戰協定」并切斷在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%9F%A9%E9%9D%9E%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E5%8C%BA" title="朝韩非军事区">朝鮮半島非軍事區</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BF%E9%96%80%E5%BA%97" title="板門店">板門店</a>與美軍的軍事熱線,觸發<a href="/wiki/2013%E5%B9%B4%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6%E5%8D%B1%E6%A9%9F" title="2013年朝鮮半島危機">新一輪的朝鮮半島危機</a><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="鞏固政權"><span id=".E9.9E.8F.E5.9B.BA.E6.94.BF.E6.AC.8A"></span>鞏固政權</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节:鞏固政權"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>2013年是金正恩進行思想定義的一年。6月,朝鮮修改了地位高於憲法及勞動黨章程的《<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%B9%E7%AB%8B%E9%BB%A8%E7%9A%84%E5%94%AF%E4%B8%80%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3%E9%AB%94%E7%B3%BB%E5%8D%81%E5%A4%A7%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87" class="mw-redirect" title="樹立黨的唯一思想體系十大原則">樹立黨的唯一思想體系十大原則</a>》,刪除「共產主義」及「<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%94%A2%E9%9A%8E%E7%B4%9A%E5%B0%88%E6%94%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="無產階級專政">無產階級專政</a>」等字眼,改為「主體革命」並明定朝鲜由「<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%A4%B4%E8%A1%80%E7%BB%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="白头血统">白頭血統</a>」世襲<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。同年國慶日即<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8B%9E%E5%8B%95%E9%BB%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮勞動黨">朝鮮勞動黨</a>建黨68周年紀念日,勞動黨官方报纸《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%9E%E5%8B%95%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E" title="勞動新聞">勞動新聞</a>》登載文章,強調聯邦制度才是最光明正大的民族共同統一方案<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。12月,金正恩整肅内部,將其姑父<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E6%88%90%E6%B3%BD" title="张成泽">張成澤</a>開除黨籍;外界相信他已被處決,但缺乏直接證據<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2015年8月15日,當局把<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%82%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="時區">時區</a>由<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B9" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+9">UTC+9</a>改為<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B8:30" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+8:30">+8:30</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鲜标准时间">朝鮮標準時間</a>);至此思想運動暫告一段落<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。随后朝鮮加速進展核武器計畫,於2016年1月3日宣稱進行<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AB%E5%BD%88" class="mw-redirect" title="氫彈">氫彈</a>(熱核武器)試爆並取得成功,洲際飛彈的試射也使世界多國學者表示<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮科技">朝鮮技術實力</a>被低估<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>2016年5月9日,朝鮮勞動黨時隔36年召開<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%85%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%83%E6%AC%A1%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A" title="朝鲜劳动党第七次代表大会">全國代表大會</a>,金正恩被推舉為<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%85%9A%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%95%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鲜劳动党委员长">朝鮮勞動黨委員長</a><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2018年4月20日,朝鮮勞動黨召開七屆三中全會,通過若干個和經濟建設密切相關的決議和戰略路線,例如“集中一切力量,進行社會主義建設”、“向經濟建設大進軍”、“在黨和國家的全盤工作中,優先重視經濟工作”等等,被認為是釋放了類似<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E5%B1%8A%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%A8%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="中国共产党十一届三中全会">中國共產黨十一屆三中全會</a>的經濟建設信號,以及出現和美國開始密切外交接觸的苗頭<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。同年4月30日朝鮮廢除先前新制定的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鲜标准时间">朝鮮標準時間</a>,再次使用和韓國、日本同一時區的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B19%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="東9區">東9區</a>標準時間<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>在2021年1月10日的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%85%9A%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AB%E6%AC%A1%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A" title="朝鲜劳动党第八次代表大会">朝鲜劳动党第八次代表大会</a>上,<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E6%81%A9" title="金正恩">金正恩</a>被推举为<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%85%9A%E6%80%BB%E4%B9%A6%E8%AE%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鲜劳动党总书记">朝鲜劳动党总书记</a>。随后的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%85%9A%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AB%E5%B1%8A%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="朝鲜劳动党第八届中央委员会">八届一中全会</a>选举金正恩、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%94%E9%BE%99%E6%B5%B7" title="崔龙海">崔龙海</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E7%82%B3%E5%93%B2" title="李炳哲">李炳哲</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%BE%B7%E8%AE%AD" title="金德训">金德训</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%B5%E5%8B%87%E5%85%83" class="mw-redirect" title="赵勇元">赵勇元</a>为<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%85%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%B1%80%E5%B8%B8%E5%8A%A1%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="朝鲜劳动党中央委员会政治局常务委员会">中央政治局常委</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-“八大”_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-“八大”-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="曲折外交"><span id=".E6.9B.B2.E6.8A.98.E5.A4.96.E4.BA.A4"></span>曲折外交</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节:曲折外交"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/2018%E5%B9%B4%E6%9C%9D%E7%BE%8E%E9%A6%96%E8%84%91%E4%BC%9A%E6%99%A4" title="2018年朝美首脑会晤">2018年朝美首脑会晤</a>、<a href="/wiki/2019%E5%B9%B42%E6%9C%88%E6%9C%9D%E7%BE%8E%E9%A6%96%E8%84%91%E4%BC%9A%E6%99%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="2019年2月朝美首脑会晤">2019年2月朝美首脑会晤</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%9F%A9%E9%A6%96%E8%84%91%E4%BC%9A%E6%99%A4#文在寅政府(2017-2022)" title="朝韩首脑会晤">朝韩首脑会晤 § 文在寅政府(2017-2022)</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%97%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E8%81%AF%E7%B5%A1%E4%BA%8B%E5%8B%99%E6%89%80%E7%82%B8%E6%AF%80%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="南北共同聯絡事務所炸毀事件">南北共同聯絡事務所炸毀事件</a></div> <p>2018年6月12日,美國和朝鮮雙方歷史性破冰,時任美國總統<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E7%B4%8D%C2%B7%E5%B7%9D%E6%99%AE" title="唐納·川普">唐納·川普</a>與朝鮮勞動黨委員長<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E6%81%A9" title="金正恩">金正恩</a>於<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1" title="新加坡">新加坡</a>舉行<a href="/wiki/2018%E5%B9%B4%E6%9C%9D%E7%BE%8E%E9%A6%96%E8%84%91%E4%BC%9A%E6%99%A4" title="2018年朝美首脑会晤">首腦會談</a>並簽署<a href="/wiki/2018%E5%B9%B4%E6%9C%9D%E7%BE%8E%E9%A6%96%E8%84%91%E4%BC%9A%E6%99%A4#聯合聲明" title="2018年朝美首脑会晤">聯合公報</a>,是<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="韓戰">韓戰</a>結束後兩國領導首次會面<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2019年2月27日至28日,雙方领导人在越南<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%85%A7%E5%B8%82" title="河內市">河內</a>舉行第二次朝美首脑面談,探討朝鮮半島無核化的實行方式,但未能就解除制裁達成共識,最終談判破局。同年6月30日,正在韩国访问的美国总统特朗普抵达<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%9F%A9%E9%9D%9E%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E5%8C%BA" title="朝韩非军事区">朝韩非军事区</a>板门店,同金正恩举行会面。特朗普与金正恩委员长握手,随后跨过朝韩军事分界线,并站在朝方一侧合影,特朗普成为首位踏上朝鲜实际控制领土的美国在任总统<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>与此同时,朝韩关系经历了先好转再恶化的过程。金正恩与大韩民国总统<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%9C%A8%E5%AF%85" title="文在寅">文在寅</a>于2018年4月27日在板门店大韩民国一方的<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E4%B9%8B%E5%AE%B6" title="和平之家">和平之家</a>举行<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%9F%A9%E9%A6%96%E8%84%91%E4%BC%9A%E6%99%A4" title="朝韩首脑会晤">朝韩首脑会晤</a>,这是继2007年时任朝鲜劳动党总书记<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E6%97%A5" title="金正日">金正日</a>与韩国总统<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%AD%A6%E9%89%89" title="盧武鉉">卢武铉</a>的南北首脑会谈后,时隔11年再次举行领导人会谈。正式会谈前,两位首脑牵手越过<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%85%AB%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="三八線">边界</a>,此次相逢为朝鲜战争后朝鲜最高领导人首次踏足韩国土地。之后,两国签订《<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BF%E9%97%A8%E5%BA%97%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80" title="板门店宣言">板门店宣言</a>》,同意朝鲜半岛无核化以及争取在年内宣布结束战争状态等。同年<a href="/wiki/2018%E5%B9%B45%E6%9C%88%E6%9C%9D%E9%9F%A9%E9%A6%96%E8%84%91%E4%BC%9A%E6%99%A4" title="2018年5月朝韩首脑会晤">5月</a>和<a href="/wiki/2018%E5%B9%B49%E6%9C%88%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%97%E9%9F%93%E9%A6%96%E8%85%A6%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%87" title="2018年9月南北韓首腦會談">9月</a>,朝韩双方又进行了两次会晤,取得了一系列突破性外交成果。2020年6月16日,朝鲜不满<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%AB%E5%8C%97%E8%80%85" title="脫北者">脱北者</a>团体沿朝韩非军事区<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%94%E7%90%83%E5%AE%A3%E4%BC%A0%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="韩国气球宣传运动">散播传单</a>,遂以韩国违反《<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BF%E9%96%80%E5%BA%97%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="板門店宣言">板门店宣言</a>》为由,派遣<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮人民軍">朝鲜人民军</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%97%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E8%81%AF%E7%B5%A1%E4%BA%8B%E5%8B%99%E6%89%80%E7%82%B8%E6%AF%80%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="南北共同聯絡事務所炸毀事件">炸毁</a>因<a href="/wiki/2019%E5%86%A0%E7%8A%B6%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E7%97%85%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85" title="2019冠状病毒病疫情">2019冠状病毒病疫情</a>而被暂时关闭的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%97%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E8%81%AF%E7%B5%A1%E4%BA%8B%E5%8B%99%E6%89%80" title="南北共同聯絡事務所">朝韩联络办公室</a>建筑。此举被指造成<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E6%9C%9D%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="韩朝关系">韩朝双方关系</a>恶化,朝鲜半岛局势重趋紧张。2023年12月,北韓領導人金正恩正式宣布南北關係不再是「同一民族」的關係,而是處於敵對的兩個國家關係,交戰國關係<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="地理"><span id=".E5.9C.B0.E7.90.86"></span>地理</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节:地理"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:North_Korea_Topography.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/North_Korea_Topography.png/220px-North_Korea_Topography.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/North_Korea_Topography.png/330px-North_Korea_Topography.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/North_Korea_Topography.png/440px-North_Korea_Topography.png 2x" data-file-width="1705" data-file-height="1753" /></a><figcaption>朝鲜地形图</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="疆域"><span id=".E7.96.86.E5.9F.9F"></span>疆域</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节:疆域"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>朝鮮位於<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="東北亞">東北亞</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮半島">朝鮮半島</a>北部,跨越北緯37度至43度、東經124度至131度,面積為120,540平方公里,佔據朝鮮半島總面積的55%。該國三面沿海:西面有<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="黃海">黃海</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E7%81%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮灣">朝鮮灣</a>,東部臨<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B5%B7" title="日本海">日本海</a>,北鄰<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="中華人民共和國">中華人民共和國</a>,南接<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%93%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="大韓民國">大韓民國</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="東海">東海</a>。東北角的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E5%85%88" class="mw-redirect" title="羅先">羅先</a>與中國和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯">俄羅斯</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%B1%E6%B5%B7%E9%82%8A%E7%96%86%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="濱海邊疆區">濱海邊疆區</a>隔<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E5%80%91%E6%B1%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="圖們江">圖們江</a>(朝方稱之為「豆滿江」)相望。朝鮮最大的城市是首都<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%A3%A4%E5%B8%82" title="平壤市">平壤市</a>,人口328萬,其他主要城市包括南部的<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E5%9F%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="開城">開城</a>、西北部的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%BE%A9%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82" title="新義州市">新義州</a>、東部的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="元山">元山</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%B8%E5%85%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="咸兴">咸興</a>以及東北部的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%B4%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="清津">清津</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="地貌"><span id=".E5.9C.B0.E8.B2.8C"></span>地貌</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节:地貌"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>朝鮮山多平地少,逾八成的國土皆為山地,部份<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%8B%94" title="海拔">海拔</a>超過2,000米,平均海拔440米。山區集中於北面,在東北地區高於2,000米的山就有50餘座。該國山脈的高度由北向南逐漸遞減,<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" title="平原">平原</a>大部分都在西部和南部地區。因此,朝鮮的農地大多位於南部,耕地面積有限,只占14.4%。 </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Taedong_Bridge_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Taedong_Bridge_01.jpg/200px-Taedong_Bridge_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Taedong_Bridge_01.jpg/300px-Taedong_Bridge_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Taedong_Bridge_01.jpg/400px-Taedong_Bridge_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3248" data-file-height="2264" /></a><figcaption>流经朝鲜首都平壤的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8C%E6%B1%9F" title="大同江">大同江</a></figcaption></figure> <p>朝鮮全國有138條40公里以上長的河,主要河流包括其與中國的界河<a href="/wiki/%E9%B4%A8%E7%B6%A0%E6%B1%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="鴨綠江">鴨綠江</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E5%80%91%E6%B1%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="圖們江">圖們江</a><sup id="cite_ref-khp_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-khp-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。其中,鴨綠江是全國最長的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81" title="河流">河流</a>,長度為790公里<sup id="cite_ref-khp_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-khp-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="氣候"><span id=".E6.B0.A3.E5.80.99"></span>氣候</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节:氣候"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>朝鮮半島全境屬<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%B8%A6%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="温带季风气候">溫帶季風氣候</a>,四季分明,春季在3月至5月,夏季為6月至8月,秋季則在9月到11月,冬季為12月至2月。年平均温度為8-12<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%9D%E6%B0%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="攝氏">°C</a>,年降雨量為1,000至1,200毫米;雨季集中在7月至8月時的夏天,旱季則在4月至5月<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。由於該國河流的上游流經山區,加上非法伐木,造成<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%BA%8A" title="河床">河床</a>上升。因此每當暴雨時,河流的流量和流速急剧提升,容易导致<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E7%81%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="洪災">洪灾</a>。此外,沿海地區還會受到<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%B1%E9%A2%A8" title="颱風">颱風</a>吹襲。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="人口"><span id=".E4.BA.BA.E5.8F.A3"></span>人口</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节:人口"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Population_pyramid_of_North_Korea_2015.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Population_pyramid_of_North_Korea_2015.png/200px-Population_pyramid_of_North_Korea_2015.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Population_pyramid_of_North_Korea_2015.png/300px-Population_pyramid_of_North_Korea_2015.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Population_pyramid_of_North_Korea_2015.png/400px-Population_pyramid_of_North_Korea_2015.png 2x" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption>朝鲜在2015年的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E9%87%91%E5%AD%97%E5%A1%94" title="人口金字塔">人口金字塔</a></figcaption></figure> <p>朝鲜的人口為約2400萬<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,兩性人口比例平均。年齡構成為0-14歲占16.1%,15-64歲占68.2%,65歲及以上佔15.7%<sup id="cite_ref-Nkorea2008_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nkorea2008-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。按<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="聯合國">聯合國</a>對<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E8%80%81%E9%BE%84%E5%8C%96" title="人口老龄化">人口老齡化</a>的定义标准(65歲及以上佔總人口7%,60歲及以上佔總人口10%),朝鲜是一個人口高齡化社會。此外,朝鲜也是一個<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%8F%E7%BE%A4" title="族群">種族</a>結構比較簡單的國家。該國絕大多數人口為<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮族">朝鮮族</a>,另有少部分<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="華人">華人</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA" title="日本人">日本人</a><sup id="cite_ref-CIA_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>據美国<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%83%85%E5%A0%B1%E5%B1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="中央情報局">中央情報局</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%A6%82%E6%B3%81" class="mw-redirect" title="世界概況">世界概況</a>的數據,朝鲜人在2012年的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%90%E6%9C%9F%E5%A3%BD%E5%91%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="預期壽命">預期壽命</a>為69.51歲,較全球平均水平的66.57歲略高<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_68-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>﹔夭折率為51.3,是俄羅斯的5倍、大韓民國的15倍<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。國民年齡中位數为33.2歲,男性年龄中位數为31.6歲,女性年龄中位數为34.8歲<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%A2%9E%E9%95%BF%E7%8E%87" title="人口自然增长率">人口自然增長率</a>是0.53%<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_68-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,人口<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E7%94%9F%E7%8E%87" title="出生率">出生率</a>為千分之14.49,<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E7%8E%87" title="死亡率">死亡率</a>千分之7.05<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_68-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="行政區劃"><span id=".E8.A1.8C.E6.94.BF.E5.8D.80.E5.8A.83"></span>行政區劃</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节:行政區劃"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国行政区划">朝鲜民主主义人民共和国行政区划</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;" width="auto"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <th>地图</th> <th>編號</th> <th>名稱</th> <th>朝文名稱</th> <th>首府</th> <th>面積<br />(km²)</th> <th>人口</th> <th>傳統地方<br />(<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%85%AB%E9%81%93" title="朝鮮八道">朝鮮八道</a>) </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td rowspan="13"><div role="img" class="center nounderlines noresize" style="width: 500px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: var(--background-color-base,#ffffff); color:inherit; position: relative;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/North_Korea_adm_location_map.svg/500px-North_Korea_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="503" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/North_Korea_adm_location_map.svg/750px-North_Korea_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/North_Korea_adm_location_map.svg/1000px-North_Korea_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1606" data-file-height="1616" /></span></span> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:110px; top:356px"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%A3%A4%E5%B8%82" title="平壤市">平壤市</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:454px; top:68px"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E5%85%88%E5%B8%82" title="羅先市">羅先市</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:74px; top:372px"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%B5%A6%E5%B8%82" title="南浦市">南浦市</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:110px; top:324px"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%AE%89%E5%8D%97%E9%81%93" title="平安南道">平安南道</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:114px; top:404px"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E6%B5%B7%E5%8C%97%E9%81%93" title="黄海北道">黄海北道</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:74px; top:444px"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E6%B5%B7%E5%8D%97%E9%81%93" title="黄海南道">黄海南道</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:222px; top:384px"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E5%8E%9F%E9%81%93_(%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B)" title="江原道 (朝鮮民主主義人民共和國)">江原道</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:234px; top:256px"><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%B8%E9%95%9C%E5%8D%97%E9%81%93" title="咸镜南道">咸镜南道</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:354px; top:112px"><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%B8%E9%95%9C%E5%8C%97%E9%81%93" title="咸镜北道">咸镜北道</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:274px; top:172px"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%A4%E6%B1%9F%E9%81%93" title="两江道">两江道</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:154px; top:212px"><a href="/wiki/%E6%85%88%E6%B1%9F%E9%81%93" title="慈江道">慈江道</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:54px; top:272px"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%AE%89%E5%8C%97%E9%81%93" title="平安北道">平安北道</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:142px; top:460px"><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82" title="開城市">開城市</a></div><div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:110px; top:104px"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:236px; top:472px"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%A9%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="大韩民国">大韩民国</a></div><div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:10px; top:480px"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E6%B5%B7" title="黄海">黄海</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:10px; top:351.2px"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B9%BE" title="西朝鲜湾">西朝鲜湾</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:334px; top:351.2px"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B5%B7" title="日本海">日本海</a></div> </div> </td> <td>1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%A3%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="平壤">平壤市</a></td> <td><span lang="ko">평양시</span></td> <td> </td> <td>3,194</td> <td>3,255,388</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%AE%89%E9%81%93" title="平安道">平安</a> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E5%85%88%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="羅先特別市">羅先市</a></td> <td><span lang="ko">라선시</span></td> <td> </td> <td>746</td> <td>205,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%B8%E9%95%9C%E9%81%93" title="咸镜道">咸鏡</a> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%B5%A6%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="南浦特別市">南浦市</a></td> <td><span lang="ko">남포시</span></td> <td> </td> <td>829</td> <td>455,000</td> <td>平安 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E5%9F%8E%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="開城特別市">開城市</a></td> <td><span lang="ko">개성시</span></td> <td> </td> <td>179</td> <td>308,440</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E7%95%BF%E9%81%93" title="京畿道">京畿</a> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%85%88%E6%B1%9F%E9%81%93" title="慈江道">慈江道</a></td> <td><span lang="ko">자강도</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E7%95%8C%E5%B8%82" title="江界市">江界市</a> </td> <td>16,613</td> <td>1,147,946</td> <td>平安 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%AE%89%E5%8C%97%E9%81%93" title="平安北道">平安北道</a></td> <td><span lang="ko">평안북도</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%BE%A9%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82" title="新義州市">新義州市</a> </td> <td>12,191</td> <td>2,450,110</td> <td>平安 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>7</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%AE%89%E5%8D%97%E9%81%93" title="平安南道">平安南道</a></td> <td><span lang="ko">평안남도</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82" title="平城市">平城市</a> </td> <td>12,330</td> <td>3,597,557</td> <td>平安 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E6%B5%B7%E5%8D%97%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="黃海南道">黃海南道</a></td> <td><span lang="ko">황해남도</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82" title="海州市">海州市</a> </td> <td>8,450</td> <td>2,310,485</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93" title="黄海道">黃海</a> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>9</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E6%B5%B7%E5%8C%97%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="黃海北道">黃海北道</a></td> <td><span lang="ko">황해북도</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E9%87%8C%E9%99%A2%E5%B8%82" title="沙里院市">沙里院市</a> </td> <td>8,157</td> <td>2,113,672</td> <td>黃海 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E5%8E%9F%E9%81%93_(%E5%8C%97)" class="mw-redirect" title="江原道 (北)">江原道</a></td> <td><span lang="ko">강원도</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E5%B1%B1%E5%B8%82" title="元山市">元山市</a> </td> <td>11,091</td> <td>1,477,582</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E5%8E%9F%E9%81%93_(%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B)" title="江原道 (朝鮮民主主義人民共和國)">江原</a> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>11</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%B8%E9%8F%A1%E5%8D%97%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="咸鏡南道">咸鏡南道</a></td> <td><span lang="ko">함경남도</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%B8%E8%88%88%E5%B8%82" title="咸興市">咸興市</a> </td> <td>18,534</td> <td>3,050,000</td> <td>咸鏡 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>12</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%B8%E9%8F%A1%E5%8C%97%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="咸鏡北道">咸鏡北道</a></td> <td><span lang="ko">함경북도</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%B4%A5%E5%B8%82" title="清津市">清津市</a> </td> <td>15,980</td> <td>2,327,000</td> <td>咸鏡 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>13</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A9%E6%B1%9F%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="兩江道">兩江道</a></td> <td><span lang="ko">량강도</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%83%A0%E5%B1%B1%E5%B8%82" title="惠山市">惠山市</a> </td> <td>13,880</td> <td>660,000</td> <td>咸鏡 </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84339893">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li::after{content:" | ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen li::after{content:" - ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma li::after{content:"、";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:"("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li::after{content:","}.mw-parser-output .sslist li::after{content:";"}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child::after{content:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float: left;height:2.6em;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Largest_cities_of_North_Korea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Largest cities of North Korea(页面不存在)"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Largest_cities_of_North_Korea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Largest cities of North Korea(页面不存在)"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Largest_cities_of_North_Korea" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Largest cities of North Korea"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;"><span style="font-size:110%;">朝鲜民主主义人民共和国最大城市排名</span><br /><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/2008%E5%B9%B4%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5" title="2008年朝鮮民主主義人民共和國人口普查">2008年人口普查</a><sup id="cite_ref-Nkorea2008_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nkorea2008-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th>排名 </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國城市列表">名称</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E5%8A%83" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國行政區劃">行政區劃</a> </th> <th>人口 </th> <th>排名 </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國城市列表">名称</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E5%8A%83" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國行政區劃">行政區劃</a> </th> <th>人口</th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DPRK_-_(40955977961).png" class="mw-file-description" title="平壤市"><img alt="平壤市" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/DPRK_-_%2840955977961%29.png/120px-DPRK_-_%2840955977961%29.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/DPRK_-_%2840955977961%29.png/180px-DPRK_-_%2840955977961%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/DPRK_-_%2840955977961%29.png/240px-DPRK_-_%2840955977961%29.png 2x" data-file-width="5312" data-file-height="2988" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%A3%A4%E5%B8%82" title="平壤市">平壤市</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hamhung_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="咸興市"><img alt="咸興市" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Hamhung_view.jpg/120px-Hamhung_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Hamhung_view.jpg/180px-Hamhung_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Hamhung_view.jpg/240px-Hamhung_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4912" data-file-height="2760" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%B8%E8%88%88%E5%B8%82" title="咸興市">咸興市</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%A3%A4%E5%B8%82" title="平壤市">平壤市</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%A3%A4%E5%B8%82" title="平壤市">平壤市</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,255,288</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">11</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%86%E5%B7%9D%E5%B8%82" title="順川市">順川市</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%AE%89%E5%8D%97%E9%81%93" title="平安南道">平安南道</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">297,317 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chongjin.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="清津市"><img alt="清津市" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chongjin.jpg/120px-Chongjin.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chongjin.jpg/180px-Chongjin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chongjin.jpg/240px-Chongjin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%B4%A5%E5%B8%82" title="清津市">清津市</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nampocity_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="南浦市"><img alt="南浦市" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Nampocity_2.JPG/120px-Nampocity_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Nampocity_2.JPG/180px-Nampocity_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Nampocity_2.JPG/240px-Nampocity_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="427" data-file-height="276" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%B5%A6%E5%B8%82" title="南浦市">南浦市</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%B8%E8%88%88%E5%B8%82" title="咸興市">咸興市</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%B8%E9%95%9C%E5%8D%97%E9%81%93" title="咸镜南道">咸镜南道</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">768,551</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">12</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82" title="平城市">平城市</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%AE%89%E5%8D%97%E9%81%93" title="平安南道">平安南道</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">284,386 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%B4%A5%E5%B8%82" title="清津市">清津市</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%B8%E9%95%9C%E5%8C%97%E9%81%93" title="咸镜北道">咸镜北道</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">667,929</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">13</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82" title="海州市">海州市</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E6%B5%B7%E5%8D%97%E9%81%93" title="黄海南道">黄海南道</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">273,300 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%B5%A6%E5%B8%82" title="南浦市">南浦市</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%B5%A6%E5%B8%82" title="南浦市">南浦市</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">366,815</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">14</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E7%95%8C%E5%B8%82" title="江界市">江界市</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%85%88%E6%B1%9F%E9%81%93" title="慈江道">慈江道</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">251,971 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E5%B1%B1%E5%B8%82" title="元山市">元山市</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E5%8E%9F%E9%81%93_(%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B)" title="江原道 (朝鮮民主主義人民共和國)">江原道</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">363,127</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">15</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82" title="安州市">安州市</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%AE%89%E5%8D%97%E9%81%93" title="平安南道">平安南道</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">240,117 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%BE%A9%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82" title="新義州市">新義州市</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%AE%89%E5%8C%97%E9%81%93" title="平安北道">平安北道</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">359,341</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">16</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9D%E5%B8%82" title="德川市">德川市</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%AE%89%E5%8D%97%E9%81%93" title="平安南道">平安南道</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">237,133 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%AF%E5%B7%9D%E5%B8%82" title="端川市">端川市</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%B8%E9%95%9C%E5%8D%97%E9%81%93" title="咸镜南道">咸镜南道</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">345,875</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">17</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%AD%96%E5%B8%82" title="金策市">金策市</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%B8%E9%95%9C%E5%8C%97%E9%81%93" title="咸镜北道">咸镜北道</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">207,299 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%B7%E5%B7%9D%E5%B8%82" title="价川市">价川市</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%AE%89%E5%8D%97%E9%81%93" title="平安南道">平安南道</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">319,554</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">18</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E5%85%88%E5%B8%82" title="羅先市">羅先市</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E5%85%88%E5%B8%82" title="羅先市">羅先市</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">196,954 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82" title="開城市">開城市</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82" title="開城市">開城市</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">308,440</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">19</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%9C%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82" title="龜城市">龜城市</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%AE%89%E5%8C%97%E9%81%93" title="平安北道">平安北道</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">196,515 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E9%87%8C%E9%99%A2%E5%B8%82" title="沙里院市">沙里院市</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E6%B5%B7%E5%8C%97%E9%81%93" title="黄海北道">黄海北道</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">307,764</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">20</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%83%A0%E5%B1%B1%E5%B8%82" title="惠山市">惠山市</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%A4%E6%B1%9F%E9%81%93" title="两江道">两江道</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">192,680 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="政治"><span id=".E6.94.BF.E6.B2.BB"></span>政治</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节:政治"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国政府">朝鲜民主主义人民共和国政府</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國政治">朝鮮民主主義人民共和國政治</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="意識形態"><span id=".E6.84.8F.E8.AD.98.E5.BD.A2.E6.85.8B"></span>意識形態</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节:意識形態"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见:<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%97%A5%E6%88%90%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E6%97%A5%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="金日成金正日主义">金日成金正日主义</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84913072">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:100%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard" style="width:auto;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="adr" style="font-size:smaller"><span class="fn org country-name"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">朝鲜民主主义人民共和国</a></span> </div></th></tr><tr><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_North_Korea.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Emblem_of_North_Korea.svg/125px-Emblem_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Emblem_of_North_Korea.svg/188px-Emblem_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Emblem_of_North_Korea.svg/250px-Emblem_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid;"><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國政治">朝鲜民主主义人民共和国政府与政治</a></b><br /><small>系列条目</small></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%85%9A" title="朝鲜劳动党">朝鲜劳动党</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E9%AB%94%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%B8%E9%81%A0%E7%9A%84%E9%A6%96%E9%A0%98" title="主體朝鮮永遠的首領">主體朝鮮永遠的首領</a>:<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%97%A5%E6%88%90" title="金日成">金日成</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E6%97%A5" title="金正日">金正日</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%97%A5%E6%88%90%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F" title="金日成家族">金日成家族</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%85%9A%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A" title="朝鲜劳动党全国代表大会">全国代表大会</a><small>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%85%9A%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AB%E6%AC%A1%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A" title="朝鲜劳动党第八次代表大会">八大</a>)</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%85%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="朝鲜劳动党中央委员会">中央委员会</a><small>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%85%9A%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AB%E5%B1%8A%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="朝鲜劳动党第八届中央委员会">第八届</a>)</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%85%9A%E6%80%BB%E4%B9%A6%E8%AE%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鲜劳动党总书记">总书记</a>:<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E6%81%A9" title="金正恩">金正恩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%85%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%B1%80" title="朝鲜劳动党中央委员会政治局">中央政治局</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%85%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%B1%80%E5%B8%B8%E5%8A%A1%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="朝鲜劳动党中央委员会政治局常务委员会">常务委员</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8B%9E%E5%8B%95%E9%BB%A8%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83%E6%9B%B8%E8%A8%98%E5%B1%80" title="朝鮮勞動黨中央委員會書記局">中央书记局</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%85%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="朝鲜劳动党中央军事委员会">中央军事委员会</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%85%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%95%BF" title="朝鲜劳动党中央军事委员会委员长">委员长</a>:<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E6%81%A9" title="金正恩">金正恩</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%85%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="朝鲜劳动党中央委员会">中央检阅委员会</a> <ul><li>委员长:<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E4%BB%81%E7%AF%84" title="洪仁範">洪仁範</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <hr />政府</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">国家宪政体制</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國社會主義憲法">社会主义宪法</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E4%BD%93%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3" title="主体思想">主体思想</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E5%86%9B%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="先军政治">先军政治</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國法律" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Law of North Korea"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国法律">法律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_North_Korea" class="extiw" title="en:Law of North Korea"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Law of North Korea</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li>重要部门法、部门法</li> <li>国务委员会决议、指示</li> <li>内阁省部指示</li> <li>地方人民会议决议</li> <li>地方人民委员会指示</li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%AE%E8%A1%8C%E5%90%88%E4%B8%80" title="议行合一">国家权力机关</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国国务委员会">国务委员会</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%95%BF" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国国务委员会委员长">委员长</a>:<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E6%81%A9" title="金正恩">金正恩</a></li> <li>第一副委员长:<a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%94%E9%BE%99%E6%B5%B7" title="崔龙海">崔龙海</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" title="最高人民会议">最高人民会议</a> <ul><li>议长:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B4%E6%B3%B0%E6%88%90" title="朴泰成">朴泰成</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" title="最高人民会议">最高人民会议常任委员会</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE%E5%B8%B8%E4%BB%BB%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%95%BF" title="最高人民会议常任委员会委员长">委员长</a>:<a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%94%E9%BE%99%E6%B5%B7" title="崔龙海">崔龙海</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地方人民会议(页面不存在)">地方各级人民会议</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国政府">国家行政机关</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E9%98%81" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国内阁">内阁</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国总理">内阁总理</a>:<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%BE%B7%E8%AE%AD" title="金德训">金德训</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地方人民委员会(页面不存在)">地方各级人民委员会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国行政区划">行政区划</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國選舉">選舉制度</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国司法">国家司法机关</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E8%A3%81%E5%88%A4%E6%89%80" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國中央裁判所">中央法院</a> <ul><li>院长:<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%A6%E6%98%8E%E5%8D%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="车明南(页面不存在)">车明南</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%A3%80%E5%AF%9F%E6%89%80" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国中央检察所">中央检察院</a> <ul><li>检察长:<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%98%8E%E5%90%89" title="金明吉">金明吉</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国法院列表(页面不存在)">地方各级法院</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%A3%80%E5%AF%9F%E9%99%A2%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国检察院列表(页面不存在)">地方各级检察院</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <hr />政治</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E6%88%98%E7%BA%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="统一战线">统一战线</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" title="朝鮮半島統一問題">北南政策</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><s><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E5%9C%8B%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E6%88%B0%E7%B7%9A" title="祖國統一民主主義戰線">祖國統一民主主義戰線</a></s> <ul><li>议长:<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E8%93%AE%E9%B6%B4" title="康蓮鶴">康蓮鶴</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E9%BB%A8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國政黨列表">政党</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%85%9A" title="朝鲜劳动党">朝鲜劳动党</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A" title="朝鲜社会民主党">朝鲜社会民主党</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E9%9D%92%E5%8F%8B%E5%85%9A" title="天道教青友党">天道教青友党</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><s><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E4%B8%BD%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="高丽民主联邦共和国">自主、和平统一、民族大团结</a></s></li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%85%9A%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E6%88%98%E7%BA%BF%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鲜劳动党统一战线部">劳动党统一战线部</a></s></li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E5%9C%8B%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83" title="祖國和平統一委員會">祖國和平統一委員會</a></s></li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E5%8C%97%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E4%BF%83%E9%80%B2%E5%8D%94%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83" title="在北和平統一促進協議會">在北和平統一促進協議會</a></s></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%98%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="国防">国防</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國外交">外交</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%85%E5%8A%9B%E9%87%8F%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E5%8F%B8%E4%BB%A4%E5%AE%98" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国武装力量最高司令官">最高司令官</a>:<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E6%81%A9" title="金正恩">金正恩</a> <small>元帅</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%98%B2%E7%9C%81" title="国防省">国防省</a> <ul><li>人民武力相:<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%AA%E5%85%89%E9%93%81" title="努光铁">努光铁</a> <small>大将</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%86%9B" title="朝鲜人民军">朝鲜人民军</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E8%BB%8D%E9%99%B8%E8%BB%8D" title="朝鮮人民軍陸軍">陆军</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E8%BB%8D%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D" title="朝鮮人民軍海軍">海军</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E8%BB%8D%E7%A9%BA%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮人民軍空軍">航空与防空军</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%86%9B%E6%88%98%E7%95%A5%E5%86%9B" title="朝鲜人民军战略军">战略军</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E8%BB%8D%E7%89%B9%E7%A8%AE%E4%BD%9C%E6%88%B0%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮人民軍特種作戰軍">特种作战军</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%86%9B" title="朝鲜社会安全军">朝鲜社会安全军</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E5%86%9C%E8%B5%A4%E5%8D%AB%E5%86%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="工农赤卫军">朝鲜工农赤卫军</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E8%89%B2%E9%9D%92%E5%B9%B4%E8%BF%91%E5%8D%AB%E9%98%9F" title="红色青年近卫队">红色青年近卫队</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%96%E5%8B%99%E7%9C%81" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國外務省">外务省</a> <ul><li>外务相:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%AE%B9%E6%B5%A9" title="李容浩">李容浩</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國外交">朝鲜外交</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="朝鲜审查制度">审查制度</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E6%AC%8A" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國人權">人权问题</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AE%A3%E4%BC%A0" title="朝鲜政治宣传">政治宣传</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E9%9D%9E%E6%B3%95%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8" title="朝鲜非法活动">非法活动</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-size:100%;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><span style="font-size:smaller;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of 朝鲜">地图</a></span></li></ul> <div style="font-size:90%:"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_North_Korea.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/32px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/48px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/64px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="Portal:朝鮮民主主義人民共和國">朝鮮民主主義人民共和國主题</a></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Template:朝鲜政治"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Template talk:朝鲜政治"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:朝鲜政治"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>朝鮮以<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E9%AB%94%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="主體思想">主體思想</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E5%86%9B%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="先军思想">先軍思想</a>(2019年從憲法中刪除)、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="社會主義">社會主義</a>治國。自1948年建國後,該國便由<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8B%9E%E5%8B%95%E9%BB%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮勞動黨">朝鮮勞動黨</a>實行<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%A8%E5%9C%8B%E9%AB%94%E5%88%B6" title="黨國體制">黨國體制</a>,其餘的幾個政黨(如<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A" title="朝鲜社会民主党">朝鮮社會民主黨</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E9%9D%92%E5%8F%8B%E5%85%9A" title="天道教青友党">天道教青友黨</a>)則以參政黨的身份辅助勞動黨執政。此外,<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E9%A2%86%E5%AF%BC%E8%80%85_(%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%A4%B4%E8%A1%94)" title="最高领导者 (朝鲜头衔)">最高領導人</a>的地位是一直由金日成、金正日和金正恩的<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%97%A5%E6%88%90%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F" title="金日成家族">金氏家族</a>所世襲。祖孫三人曾任執政勞動黨的總書記和委員長,甚至一些重要政府部門首長的職位也由金氏家族的成員擔任,所以也稱作<b>金氏政權</b>、<b>金氏王朝</b>。因此,自<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E4%BA%BA%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E7%A4%BE" title="经济学人信息社">經濟學人信息社</a>从2008年發表的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B0" title="民主指数">民主指數</a>起,朝鮮長期處於末位<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>朝鮮在<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯">蘇聯</a>的協助下建立政權,是一個<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E6%9E%97%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="斯大林主義">斯大林主義</a>國家。<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%90%E5%8A%87%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="東歐劇變">東歐劇變</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E8%A7%A3%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯解體">蘇聯解體</a>後,1992年該國在修憲時把<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E5%88%97%E5%AF%A7%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="馬克思列寧主義">馬克思列寧主義</a>(但在朝鲜劳动党党章仍名义上保留为革命原则)刪除,並寫入「<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E9%AB%94%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="主體思想">主體思想</a>」<sup id="cite_ref-朝鮮日報_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朝鮮日報-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>;2009年,朝鲜又在憲法中去除<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E7%94%A2%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="共產主義">共產主義</a>一詞,並強調「先軍思想」<sup id="cite_ref-朝鮮日報_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朝鮮日報-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="最高领导者"><span id=".E6.9C.80.E9.AB.98.E9.A2.86.E5.AF.BC.E8.80.85"></span>最高领导者</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节:最高领导者"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E9%A2%86%E5%AF%BC%E8%80%85_(%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%A4%B4%E8%A1%94)" title="最高领导者 (朝鲜头衔)">最高领导者 (朝鲜头衔)</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E9%A2%86%E5%AF%BC%E4%BA%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国领导人列表">朝鲜民主主义人民共和国领导人列表</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mansudae-Monument-Bow-2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Mansudae-Monument-Bow-2014.jpg/200px-Mansudae-Monument-Bow-2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Mansudae-Monument-Bow-2014.jpg/300px-Mansudae-Monument-Bow-2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Mansudae-Monument-Bow-2014.jpg/400px-Mansudae-Monument-Bow-2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4176" data-file-height="2951" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%97%A5%E6%88%90" title="金日成">金日成</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E6%97%A5" title="金正日">金正日</a>去世后仍被尊为「<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E9%AB%94%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%B8%E9%81%A0%E7%9A%84%E9%A6%96%E9%A0%98" title="主體朝鮮永遠的首領">主體朝鮮永遠的首領</a>」</figcaption></figure> <p>朝鮮首任領導人為<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%97%A5%E6%88%90" title="金日成">金日成</a>,他本人是日治時期的抗日運動成員,在<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%A4%A9%E5%A0%A1%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" title="普天堡战役">攻打普天堡哨站</a>成名,因而被蘇聯擁立為<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8B%9E%E5%8B%95%E9%BB%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮勞動黨">朝鮮勞動黨</a>的領袖<sup id="cite_ref-朝鮮人眼中的朝鮮人1_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朝鮮人眼中的朝鮮人1-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1948年朝鮮建國後,金日成正式成為<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%85%9A%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%95%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鲜劳动党委员长">朝鮮勞動黨委員長</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="朝鲜总理列表">內閣首相</a>。其後,金日成先後消灭在原朝鲜半岛北部共产主义代表玄俊赫和民族主义代表<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B9%E6%99%9A%E6%A4%8D" title="曹晚植">曹晚植</a>的派別后,再以「美国间谍」的罪名处决了朝鲜劳动党领导人<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B4%E5%AE%AA%E6%B0%B8" title="朴宪永">朴宪永</a>等人<sup id="cite_ref-Real_North_Korea_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Real_North_Korea-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。之后,金日成又陆续清洗了以<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%B8%E5%98%89%E8%B0%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="许嘉谊">许嘉谊</a>为代表的亲苏派和以<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E4%BA%AD" title="武亭">武亭</a>为代表的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E6%B4%BE" title="延安派">延安派</a>力量,集黨政軍大權於一身,鞏固他和家族對黨和國家的絕對權力<sup id="cite_ref-Real_North_Korea_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Real_North_Korea-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1966年出任<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8B%9E%E5%8B%95%E9%BB%A8%E7%B8%BD%E6%9B%B8%E8%A8%98" title="朝鮮勞動黨總書記">勞動黨總書記</a>,1972年出任<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國主席">國家主席</a>,1980年,金日成欽點其長子<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E6%97%A5" title="金正日">金正日</a>為<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%85%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%B1%80%E5%B8%B8%E5%8A%A1%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="朝鲜劳动党中央委员会政治局常务委员会">勞動黨中央政治局常委</a>,成為其接班人。1991年,金日成的長子金正日出任<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E8%BB%8D%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E5%8F%B8%E4%BB%A4%E5%AE%98" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮人民軍最高司令官">朝鮮人民軍最高司令官</a>,1993年,出任<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%9B%BD%E9%98%B2%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%95%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鲜国防委员会委员长">朝鮮國防委員會委員長</a>,1994年7月8日,<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%97%A5%E6%88%90%E4%B9%8B%E6%AD%BB" title="金日成之死">金日成去世</a>。金正日在<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%88%E5%AD%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="守孝">守孝</a>3年後繼承其位,在1997年10月,獲提名為<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8B%9E%E5%8B%95%E9%BB%A8%E7%B8%BD%E6%9B%B8%E8%A8%98" title="朝鮮勞動黨總書記">朝鮮勞動黨總書記</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%85%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%95%BF" title="朝鲜劳动党中央军事委员会委员长">朝鮮勞動黨中央軍事委員會委員長</a>,正式成為朝鮮第二任的最高領導人。 </p><p>1998年,朝鮮修改了<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国社会主义宪法">宪法</a>,不再設<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國主席">国家主席</a>(並將「國家主席」的榮譽永遠保留給已故的金日成個人,尊称其为“<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%B8%E8%BF%9C%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="共和国永远的主席">共和国永远的主席</a>”)<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,撤銷原國家權力的最高領導機關<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="中央人民委員會">中央人民委員會</a>。2011年12月17日,執政17年的<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E6%97%A5%E4%B9%8B%E6%AD%BB" title="金正日之死">金正日去世</a>,在翌年4月11日举行的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%85%9A%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E6%AC%A1%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" title="朝鲜劳动党第四次代表会议">朝鲜劳动党第四次代表会议</a>上,会议「遵照金正日的遗训」,推举<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E6%81%A9" title="金正恩">金正恩</a>为<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%85%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%B9%A6%E8%AE%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鲜劳动党第一书记">朝鲜劳动党第一书记</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%85%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%95%BF" title="朝鲜劳动党中央军事委员会委员长">朝鲜劳动党中央军事委员会委员长</a>,成為朝鮮第三代領導人。同时,會議又通過将<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E6%97%A5" title="金正日">金正日</a>追封為「朝鲜劳动党永远的总书记」<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2013年6月,朝鮮又在地位高於憲法的《<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%B9%E7%AB%8B%E9%BB%A8%E7%9A%84%E5%94%AF%E4%B8%80%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3%E9%AB%94%E7%B3%BB%E5%8D%81%E5%A4%A7%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87" class="mw-redirect" title="樹立黨的唯一思想體系十大原則">樹立黨的唯一思想體系十大原則</a>》中明文規定「應將我們黨和革命的血脈——白頭山血統永遠延續下去」,分析指這是確立了<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%97%A5%E6%88%90%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F" title="金日成家族">金日成家族</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E8%A5%B2%E5%B0%88%E6%94%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="世襲專政">世襲專政</a>制<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在2021年1月10日的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%85%9A%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AB%E6%AC%A1%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A" title="朝鲜劳动党第八次代表大会">朝鮮勞動黨第八次代表大會</a>上,<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E6%81%A9" title="金正恩">金正恩</a>被推舉為<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8B%9E%E5%8B%95%E9%BB%A8%E7%B8%BD%E6%9B%B8%E8%A8%98" title="朝鮮勞動黨總書記">朝鮮勞動黨總書記</a>,承繼祖父及父親生前在黨內的最高頭銜。<sup id="cite_ref-“八大”_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-“八大”-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%97%A5%E6%88%90" title="金日成">金日成</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E6%97%A5" title="金正日">金正日</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E6%81%A9" title="金正恩">金正恩</a>三代<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E9%A2%86%E5%AF%BC%E8%80%85_(%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%A4%B4%E8%A1%94)" title="最高领导者 (朝鲜头衔)">最高領導者</a>都擔任<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8B%9E%E5%8B%95%E9%BB%A8%E7%B8%BD%E6%9B%B8%E8%A8%98" title="朝鮮勞動黨總書記">朝鮮勞動黨總書記</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%85%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%95%BF" title="朝鲜劳动党中央军事委员会委员长">中央軍委委員長</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%85%E5%8A%9B%E9%87%8F%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E5%8F%B8%E4%BB%A4%E5%AE%98" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国武装力量最高司令官">最高司令官</a>的職務。在實際施行上,<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%97%A5%E6%88%90%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F" title="金日成家族">金日成家族</a>世襲統治使朝鮮成為一個被<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="西方國家">西方國家</a>視為<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B5%E6%AC%8A%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="極權主義">極權主義</a>且奉行<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E8%A5%B2%E5%B0%88%E6%94%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="世襲專政">世襲專政</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E9%BB%A8%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="一黨制">一黨制</a>國家<sup id="cite_ref-fh_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fh-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="政府結構"><span id=".E6.94.BF.E5.BA.9C.E7.B5.90.E6.A7.8B"></span>政府結構</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节:政府結構"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國政府">朝鮮民主主義人民共和國政府</a></div> <p>朝鮮的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="立法機構">立法機構</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" title="最高人民会议">最高人民會議</a>,為<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國社會主義憲法">憲法</a>規定的國家最高權力機關。每五年選舉一次,全年召開兩次定期會議,並由最高人民會議常任委員會召開。最高人民會議的權力包括修訂憲法、法律和確保國家對內外政策的基本原則等;其職能則包括選舉如<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%95%BF" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国国务委员会委员长">國務委員會委員長</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE%E5%B8%B8%E4%BB%BB%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%95%BF" title="最高人民会议常任委员会委员长">最高人民會議常任委員會委員長</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国总理">內閣總理</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E9%A2%86%E5%AF%BC%E4%BA%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国领导人列表">國家領導人</a>、審議和批准國家財政預算、接受中央政府和內閣的工作進度報告。為確保最高人民會議就執行上述的職能,人民會議下設法律、預算等委員會。 </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mansudae-Kongressalle.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Mansudae-Kongressalle.JPG/200px-Mansudae-Kongressalle.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Mansudae-Kongressalle.JPG/300px-Mansudae-Kongressalle.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Mansudae-Kongressalle.JPG/400px-Mansudae-Kongressalle.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3267" data-file-height="2420" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%87%E5%AF%BF%E5%8F%B0%E8%AE%AE%E4%BA%8B%E5%A0%82" class="mw-redirect" title="万寿台议事堂">万寿台议事堂</a></figcaption></figure> <p>職能,最高人民會議共有議員687人,<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE%E5%B8%B8%E4%BB%BB%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%95%BF" title="最高人民会议常任委员会委员长">常任委員會委員長</a>為<a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%94%E9%BE%99%E6%B5%B7" title="崔龙海">崔龍海</a>,履行部份<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国国家元首列表">國家元首</a>之一<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。此外,除中央設立人民會議外,道、市和郡都有其地方人民會議,代議員的任期為4年。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國政府">政府內閣</a>是國家最高權力的行政執行機關。內閣由<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国总理">總理</a>、副總理、委員長和政府各部長所組成,任期5年。內閣下設全體會議和常務會議。全體會議由內閣全部成員組成,討論國家的新問題;常務會議由總理、副總理和總理任命的內閣成員組成,討論全體會議委托的問題。現在,內閣由兩個委員會、27省、1院、1個銀行和兩個局所組成<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>國家的權力機關是<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国国务委员会">國務委員會</a>,由最高人民會議選舉產生,任期5年,並由<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%95%BF" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国国务委员会委员长">委員長</a>、副委員長和委員構成,其責任為統率、指揮全國一切武裝力量,並全面領導國家事務,現任委員長為<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E6%81%A9" title="金正恩">金正恩</a>,第一副委員長為<a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%94%E9%BE%99%E6%B5%B7" title="崔龙海">崔龍海</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="憲法"><span id=".E6.86.B2.E6.B3.95"></span>憲法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节:憲法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國憲法">朝鮮民主主義人民共和國憲法</a></div> <p>《朝鮮民主主義人民共和國憲法》於1948年首次通過下成立,它規定了政府的架構、執政黨朝鮮勞動黨的職能與政府運作的關係。憲法保證公民擁有言論自由權、選舉權、獲得公正審判的權利、宗教信仰自由的權利等公民權利和政治權利。 </p><p>朝鮮政府曾四度修憲,而最近的一次修憲是在2012年,在序言中首次写明朝鲜为“<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%A0%B8%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="有核國家">有核国家</a>”(“(金正日同志)使我们的祖国转变成政治思想强国、拥核国和无敌的军事强国”)。修改后的宪法,增加了前一年逝世的朝鲜最高领导人金正日的业绩,称“金正日是绝世的爱国者,社会主义朝鲜的守卫者。金正日将我们的共和国强化、发展成为金日成同志的国家,将民族的尊严和国力提升到了最高境界”。同时,宪法的别名由原来的“金日成宪法”变为“金日成-金正日宪法”。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="司法"><span id=".E5.8F.B8.E6.B3.95"></span>司法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节:司法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Legal_system_in_north_korea.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Legal_system_in_north_korea.png/200px-Legal_system_in_north_korea.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Legal_system_in_north_korea.png/300px-Legal_system_in_north_korea.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Legal_system_in_north_korea.png/400px-Legal_system_in_north_korea.png 2x" data-file-width="467" data-file-height="562" /></a><figcaption>朝鮮的司法制度</figcaption></figure> <p>朝鮮的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="法院">法院</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%AA%A2%E5%AF%9F%E6%A9%9F%E9%97%9C" title="檢察機關">檢察院</a>是朝鮮的国家审判和检察机关,並須服從朝鮮劳动黨的絕對領導,其審判制度由憲法、法院構成法和刑事訴訟法等組成。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E8%A3%81%E5%88%A4%E6%89%80" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國中央裁判所">中央裁判所</a>(中央法院)是朝鲜最高国家審判機關,下設道(直轄市)法院、地方人民法院两级法院。另外,該國還設有軍事法院和鐵路法院這兩种特別法院。當中,中央法院是最高審判機關,負責指導司法行政工作、通過非上訴事件的審理、處理在道法院和特別法院一審的上訴和抗诉,以及自我監督。道(直轄市)法院則監督所屬的人民法院的審判工作、審判管轄道內的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%9B%E5%9C%8B" title="叛國">叛國罪</a>和15年以下的勞改等一般罪行和處理管轄道內人民法院的上訴和抗诉。基层行政区设立的人民法院則負責一般<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%AF%E7%BD%AA" title="犯罪">犯罪</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%BA%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="民事">民事</a>案件,並負責仲裁、法律解釋、資料宣傳、法律商談、公证等工作<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-国家概况_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-国家概况-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%A3%80%E5%AF%9F%E6%89%80" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国中央检察所">中央检察所</a>是朝鲜最高国家检察機關。檢察院具有犯罪搜查和提出起訴的職能,並有義務保障<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91" title="公民">公民</a>的申訴權和辯護權,解釋勞動黨的司法政策和法律,以確保<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="社會主義">社會主義</a>遵紀守法。检察院和法院一樣,都以中央检察院為中心,下設道(直辖市)检察院、市(区)、郡檢察院和特別檢察院。朝鲜的檢察院制度由中央检察院統一指導,下級必須服從上級和中央检察院的領導<sup id="cite_ref-国家概况_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-国家概况-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>儘管上述的制度保障了公民的權利,然而,有学者认为,朝鲜的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B" title="法律">法律</a>乃勞動黨掌控政權的工具,該國所有的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8B%E5%B8%AB" title="律師">律師</a>均為政府服務<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hassig6_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hassig6-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。批评意见指朝鲜政治犯甚至在未明罪名下就被判入集中營<sup id="cite_ref-Hassig6_87-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hassig6-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="選舉"><span id=".E9.81.B8.E8.88.89"></span>選舉</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节:選舉"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國選舉">朝鮮民主主義人民共和國選舉</a></div> <p>自1948年起,朝鮮每隔5年則會舉行全國性的<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="選舉">選舉</a>,以決定<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" title="最高人民会议">最高人民會議</a>的議席。然而,雖然其憲法規定所有17歲以上的公民都享有选举和被選舉權,但實際上選舉中的參選人都已經由<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8B%9E%E5%8B%95%E9%BB%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮勞動黨">朝鮮勞動黨</a>事前議定<sup id="cite_ref-hasng_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hasng-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。此外,由於各投票站都設有<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%A6%E5%AF%9F" title="警察">警察</a>、國安局人員和朝鮮勞動黨黨員駐守,因此選民若對參選人投入反對票就會被立即監視,而且是非常危險的,據一些脱北者了解,投反對票的選民會被處決或送入勞改營和集中營強制勞動<sup id="cite_ref-hasng_89-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hasng-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。另外,選民除非有合理的解釋,否則不得不去投票,違者很可能被警察監視和查問<sup id="cite_ref-hasng_89-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hasng-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在這種的情況下,朝鮮的選舉投票率和勞動黨的參選人得選率往往達100%<sup id="cite_ref-hasng_89-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hasng-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="經濟"><span id=".E7.B6.93.E6.BF.9F"></span>經濟</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=26" title="编辑章节:經濟"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国经济">朝鮮民主主義人民共和國經濟</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kore_DR_Export_Treemap.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Kore_DR_Export_Treemap.jpg/200px-Kore_DR_Export_Treemap.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Kore_DR_Export_Treemap.jpg/300px-Kore_DR_Export_Treemap.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Kore_DR_Export_Treemap.jpg/400px-Kore_DR_Export_Treemap.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2668" data-file-height="2086" /></a><figcaption>以28种颜色分类描述此国的产品出口,每种颜色代表一类产品</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ryomyong_Street.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Ryomyong_Street.png/200px-Ryomyong_Street.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Ryomyong_Street.png/300px-Ryomyong_Street.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Ryomyong_Street.png/400px-Ryomyong_Street.png 2x" data-file-width="1699" data-file-height="926" /></a><figcaption>2017建成的<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E6%98%8E%E5%85%AC%E5%AF%93" title="黎明公寓">黎明公寓</a></figcaption></figure> <p>朝鮮在建國後以<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="農業">農業</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="工業">工業</a>維生。1950年代和1960年代,朝鲜政治穩定,外交上和<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯">蘇聯</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="中華人民共和國">中華人民共和國</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="社會主義國家">社會主義國家</a>結盟,經濟發展較快。但是,由於朝鲜自身经济的结构性问题,因此在1970年代中期經濟漸走下坡路。最终在1990年代苏联解体外援急剧减少后经济濒临崩溃(到2000年代金正日已承認南韓比北韓富裕)。关于朝鲜经济在1980年代陷入困境的原因学术界有多种说法,小牧辉夫认为有以下三点原因:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209892">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{margin-top:0;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1em;text-align:left;padding-left:2em;margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite cite{font-size:small}</style> </p> <blockquote class="templatequote"><p>第一,设备老化,技术落后,用于设备更新的外汇缺乏;<br />第二,过重的军费负担;<br />第三,计划经济体系的非效率性以及政治优先主义的弊害,<br />其中第三点影响最为显著<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<br />1990年代又补充了关于朝鲜1991年以后经济崩溃的一个原因,即对苏联,东欧贸易的急剧减少<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p></blockquote><p>方灿荣则归纳为四点:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209892"> </p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>第一,斯大林式的中央集权统制计划经济体制内在的构造缺陷;<br />第二,经济管理,政策的原因,自立经济路线,重工业优先政策,过度的军事负担;<br />第三,主体思想对于资源分配的扭曲;<br />第四,社会主义阵营的崩溃<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p></blockquote><p>木村光彦则对金日成自身无原则的<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%9E%E8%87%A8%E6%8C%87%E5%B0%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="蒞臨指導">蒞臨指導</a>进行了否定<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。梁文秀则对朝鲜经济低迷的原因进行了详细的分析。 </p><p>隨後,朝鲜的分配制度癱瘓,並出現了嚴重的<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E6%BC%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="通漲">通漲</a>。有見及此,朝鲜政府先後局部性開放其經濟,又推行「經濟管理改善措施」,以嘗試開源節流和平抑物價,但成效有限。2009年11月30日,朝鲜突然宣佈從12月1日起,全面推行貨幣改革,現有的100圓將改為1圓,每戶限定換10萬舊幣。由於朝鲜實行高度集中的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="計劃經濟">計劃經濟</a>,貨幣改革導致國家確定物價前商品無法銷售,加之民眾恐慌兌換外幣,引發經濟混亂。因此本次改革以失败告终<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。由於貨幣改革徹底失敗,新幣不斷加速貶值,市場各類商品均是有價無市,經濟已走向崩潰,原朝鮮勞動黨計劃財政部部長<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B4%E5%8D%97%E5%9F%BA" title="朴南基">朴南基</a>也因主導貨幣改革而被免職後枪斃<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-yonhapnews_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yonhapnews-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>據估計,工業是現時朝鲜最主要的產業,佔<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E7%94%9F%E7%94%A2%E7%B8%BD%E5%80%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="本地生產總值">本地生產總值</a>(GDP)的43.1%,<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%8D%E5%8B%99%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="服務業">服務業</a>為33.6%,農業為23.3%<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="農業"><span id=".E8.BE.B2.E6.A5.AD"></span>農業</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=27" title="编辑章节:農業"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國農業">朝鮮民主主義人民共和國農業</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A6%E9%9B%A3%E7%9A%84%E8%A1%8C%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="苦難的行軍">苦難的行軍</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1820_-_Nordkorea_2015_-_Bahnfahrt_von_Pj%C3%B6ngjang_nach_China_(22790804130).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/1820_-_Nordkorea_2015_-_Bahnfahrt_von_Pj%C3%B6ngjang_nach_China_%2822790804130%29.jpg/200px-1820_-_Nordkorea_2015_-_Bahnfahrt_von_Pj%C3%B6ngjang_nach_China_%2822790804130%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/1820_-_Nordkorea_2015_-_Bahnfahrt_von_Pj%C3%B6ngjang_nach_China_%2822790804130%29.jpg/300px-1820_-_Nordkorea_2015_-_Bahnfahrt_von_Pj%C3%B6ngjang_nach_China_%2822790804130%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/1820_-_Nordkorea_2015_-_Bahnfahrt_von_Pj%C3%B6ngjang_nach_China_%2822790804130%29.jpg/400px-1820_-_Nordkorea_2015_-_Bahnfahrt_von_Pj%C3%B6ngjang_nach_China_%2822790804130%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4601" data-file-height="3051" /></a><figcaption>朝鲜的农田</figcaption></figure> <p>朝鮮是全世界唯一一个依然實行<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="集體主義">集体农业</a>并以此為主的國家<sup id="cite_ref-Hassig4_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hassig4-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。自1948年立國後,朝鲜則沿用<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯">蘇聯</a>的集體化生產,農民會從國家分配到<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%AE%E5%AD%90" title="種子">種子</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E5%85%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="農具">農具</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%A5%E6%96%99" title="肥料">肥料</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="機器">機器</a>,並按照政府的要求耕種。農民要將收成上交政府,他們則會取得食物和其它日用品作酬勞。由於朝鲜山多平地少,<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%80%95%E5%9C%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="可耕地">可耕地</a>面積只佔國土的22%,耕地大多集中在如<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%B8%E9%95%9C%E9%81%93" title="咸镜道">咸鏡兩道</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E5%8E%9F%E9%81%93_(%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B)" title="江原道 (朝鮮民主主義人民共和國)">江原道</a>等東部地區,加上<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E8%A7%A3%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯解體">蘇聯解體</a>後失去了支援,造成肥料和燃料短缺,農產量頓時下降,之後<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="中華人民共和國">中國</a>曾一度接手援助角色<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1993年中國曾向朝鲜大量出口<a href="/wiki/%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" title="燃料">燃料</a>和食品,佔當年朝鲜77%和68%的燃料和糧食進口量<sup id="cite_ref-我們最幸福42_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-我們最幸福42-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E8%A7%A3%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯解體">蘇聯解體</a>後還持續保持親俄立場未轉向的朝鲜引發中國方面不滿,因而2年後決定停止對朝鲜的援助,施以某種懲戒<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在1994年至1996年間該國的糧食產量就銳減六成<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,並從而造成了<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E9%A5%A5%E8%8D%92" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鲜饥荒">五年大饑荒</a>的出現,直到21世紀後中方逐漸恢復援助。 </p><p>為提高農民生產的積極性和農產量,朝鲜政府2002年推行的改善措施中推行<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%BF%E5%8C%85%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="承包制">承包制</a>,又提高農作物的收購價格<sup id="cite_ref-張李3_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張李3-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。私人農場也在此時被政府提出,農民可以擁有自己的土地,並自行決定所種的作物<sup id="cite_ref-Hassig4_98-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hassig4-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在這些的政策下,朝鲜的糧食產量有所增長,2004年,該國的農產量躍升至4百萬噸,是1997年的兩倍<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。然而,由於缺乏肥料、機器協助生產和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%81%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="天災">天災</a>,儘管產出有所增長,但農產量還是相當有限,並仍不時出現局部性的饑荒或糧食短缺。2007年發生的水災,就令南部出現糧食不足的情況<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。有鑑於此,朝鲜政府在2012年決定進一步改革農業:集体農場可有更大的自由度選擇耕作的作物及對其的處置權<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>現時,朝鲜的農產品有<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%BB" title="稻">稻</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%89%E7%B1%B3" title="玉米">玉米</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E9%93%83%E8%96%AF" title="马铃薯">马铃薯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%B1%86" title="大豆">大豆</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%86%E7%B1%BB" title="豆类">豆类</a>;<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="牛">牛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E7%8C%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="家猪">猪</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%AA%E8%82%89" class="mw-redirect" title="猪肉">猪肉</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%9E%E8%9B%8B" title="雞蛋">雞蛋</a><sup id="cite_ref-CIA_68-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="工業"><span id=".E5.B7.A5.E6.A5.AD"></span>工業</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=28" title="编辑章节:工業"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fabrica_de_cristal_duro_Huichon4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Fabrica_de_cristal_duro_Huichon4.jpg/200px-Fabrica_de_cristal_duro_Huichon4.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Fabrica_de_cristal_duro_Huichon4.jpg/300px-Fabrica_de_cristal_duro_Huichon4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Fabrica_de_cristal_duro_Huichon4.jpg/400px-Fabrica_de_cristal_duro_Huichon4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="510" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%99%E5%B7%9D%E5%B8%82" title="熙川市">熙川</a>的瓷器工廠</figcaption></figure> <p>朝鮮在工業上同樣實行<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="计划经济">计划经济</a>,政府會為<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E5%BB%A0" title="工廠">工廠</a>提供燃料和材料,廠方則會按政府的要求製造所需產品和數量。在1950年代,朝鲜的工業快速發展,其總工業產出量在1953年至1960年間增長了39%,是為全球之冠<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。同時,朝鲜也是繼<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>後的第二大<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="東亞">東亞</a>工業國<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。然而,隨著蘇聯解體,朝鲜失去了主要的盟友,能源入口量大減,工業嚴重衰退,在2002年,全國共有四分之三的工廠<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%92%E9%96%89" class="mw-redirect" title="倒閉">倒閉</a>,朝鲜的經濟形势更為嚴峻<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>為舒困工業政府在同年進行改革方案,中央下放權力於企業,廠方可自行決定生產計劃,企業又需自負盈虧,工人的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E8%B5%84" title="工资">工資</a>也會按其產量增減。此外朝鲜還開發了<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E5%9F%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="開城">開城</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%B5%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="南浦">南浦</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%BE%A9%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="新義州">新義州</a>等工業區,容納外國企業在當地設廠,以圖增加工業產量和學習其技術和生產模式<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83946278">.mw-parser-output .template-facttext{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;margin:-.3em 0;padding:.3em 0}</style><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>然而這些的措施成效有限,據大韓民國《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1_(%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B)" title="中央日報 (韓國)">中央日報</a>》報導,在2005年,在150間與朝鲜簽下<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E7%B4%84" class="mw-redirect" title="合約">合約</a>的韓國企業中,只有45間的合約多於6年,22間會在當地設廠5年<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2008年的另一篇報導則指出,80%的韓國企業都表示在當地營運困難,主因為交通和通訊問題<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。另外,開城等工業特區也時因政治因素而關閉,在2013年4月初,朝鲜忽然宣佈因「『好戰分子』試圖將開城工業園作為衝突的焦點,進一步使朝鮮半島危機升級」而關閉<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E5%9F%8E%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" title="開城工業地區">開城工業園區</a>,並撤出園區內所有工人令韓國企業造成損失<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>但又在同年6月表示可重開工業區<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。之後2019年起中美交惡讓中朝關係極大恢復,<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%B1%E7%94%A2%E9%BB%A8%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83%E7%B8%BD%E6%9B%B8%E8%A8%98" class="mw-redirect" title="中國共產黨中央委員會總書記">中國共產黨中央委員會總書記</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%92%E8%BF%91%E5%B9%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="習近平">習近平</a>2019年應<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%85%9A%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%95%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鲜劳动党委员长">朝鮮勞動黨委員長</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E6%81%A9" title="金正恩">金正恩</a>邀請訪問朝鮮後,開始釋放出中國將全力支援金正恩經濟現代化的信號,核武問題將不再是兩國主要議題<sup id="cite_ref-ctv201906_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ctv201906-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>工業還是現時朝鲜最主要的產業,並以<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD" title="重工業">重工業</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD" title="國防工業">國防工業</a>為主<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_68-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,其主要製品有機器製造、化學、採礦、<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B6%E9%87%91" class="mw-redirect" title="冶金">冶金</a>、紡織、食品加工<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_68-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。礦產有<a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A4%E7%82%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="煤炭">煤</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="鎢">鎢</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E5%A2%A8" title="石墨">石墨</a>、磷酸鹽、<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="鐵">鐵</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="錳">錳</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%85" class="mw-redirect" title="銅">銅</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="鉛">鉛</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%85" class="mw-redirect" title="鋅">鋅</a><sup id="cite_ref-CIA_68-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。其中煤礦、<a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="鎢">鎢</a>礦、石墨較為豐富<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B1%E9%8E%82%E7%A4%A6" title="菱鎂礦">菱鎂礦</a>更是藏量居世界第一<sup id="cite_ref-ctv201906_114-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ctv201906-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,自產<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BE" title="鈾">鈾</a>礦的優勢除了核武能力外也有核能開發潛力。同時朝鲜是全球第15大的產<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A4%E7%9F%B3" title="萤石">萤石</a>國,也是第12大的產<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%85" class="mw-redirect" title="銅">銅</a>國和產鹽國<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2003年朝鲜公佈<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="電腦">電腦</a>發展計劃書,並計劃在2023年成為全球主要的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="軟件">軟件</a>大國<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="商业"><span id=".E5.95.86.E4.B8.9A"></span>商业</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=29" title="编辑章节:商业"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E9%BB%91%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国黑市">朝鲜民主主义人民共和国黑市</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Taedongmun.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Taedongmun.jpg/200px-Taedongmun.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Taedongmun.jpg/300px-Taedongmun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Taedongmun.jpg/400px-Taedongmun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption>朝鲜观光景点<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8C%E9%96%80_(%E5%B9%B3%E5%A3%A4%E5%B8%82)" title="大同門 (平壤市)">大同门</a></figcaption></figure> <p>朝鲜实行<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="计划经济">计划经济</a>,並且反對<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="資本主義">資本主義</a>。故此,金日成時期除了從<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯">蘇聯</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a>購入糧食、肥料和燃料外,很少與其它國家進行<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93" class="mw-redirect" title="貿易">貿易</a>。另一方面,<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%97%A5%E6%88%90" title="金日成">金日成</a>在任期间又大力掃蕩民間的自由<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="商業">商業</a>活動,国内贸易和商業也幾乎完全由國家控制。1969年,他推行「反市場政策」,從事買賣者會被視為「敵對階級」<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。國內的商店均由國家所有,民眾會在工作單位取得各種的劵(如傢具劵),並憑劵到國營店取得所需的東西,空有<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E9%8C%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="金錢">金錢</a>而無劵者不能在店內取得所需物資<sup id="cite_ref-Lanʹkov5_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lanʹkov5-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>到了1980年代至1990年代,朝鲜政府陷入財困,情況因而出現了改變。為賺取<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E6%B1%87" title="外汇">外匯</a>,朝鲜成立《投資法》,又開設<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E5%85%88" class="mw-redirect" title="羅先">羅先</a>經濟特區容許外國企業到當地投資。此外,外匯商店也應運而生,這種出售各種進口商品,包括食物、傢具、電器等。外匯商店只接受<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%85%83" title="美元">美元</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E5%85%83" class="mw-redirect" title="歐元">歐元</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%B9%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="人民幣">人民幣</a>三種<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E8%B2%A8" title="通貨">通貨</a>,且一般只向外國人開放。2000年,朝鲜貿易省又開設資本主義制度研究院,又在兩年後實行局部性的「價格自由化」,並放寬市場產品限制,減低國營企業的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%9F%E6%96%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="壟斷">壟斷</a><sup id="cite_ref-張李3_103-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張李3-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>另一方面,在1990年代後,隨著國家分配系統的失靈,國營店無法提供各種的必需品於市民,加上通漲的出現,民眾的薪金不足應付日常需要。為了賺取額外收入,一些民眾在街上擺賣自家製作的日用品和食物,這種小買賣可佔一個家庭的八成收入<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。儘管這些的買賣有違朝鲜的<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E8%AD%98%E5%BD%A2%E6%85%8B" title="意識形態">意識形態</a>,但由於政府可從中取得<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%8E%E6%94%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="税收">稅收</a>,平壤當局不但未表反對,反而大表讚同,更宣稱這是「實踐式的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="社會主義">社會主義</a>」<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。及後,朝鲜又承認<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="市場">市場</a>的存在,鼓勵民眾租賃攤位經營,社區的商品和街邊的固定攤位也因而如雨後春筍般的出現,景區出現了擺賣飲料的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%B2%A9" title="小販">小販</a>,朝鲜的經濟環境出現變化<sup id="cite_ref-張李3_103-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張李3-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>2012年,中华人民共和国是朝鲜的最大貿易國,出入口分別佔了42%和57%<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_68-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,其主要出口貨品包括礦產、冶金產品、製造品、紡織品、農產品及漁業產品等等<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_68-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>﹔進口貨品則如石油、焦煤、機械設備、紡織品、穀物<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_68-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>等等。2012年,兩國的貿易額達60億<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%85%83" title="美元">美元</a><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="能源"><span id=".E8.83.BD.E6.BA.90"></span>能源</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=30" title="编辑章节:能源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Korean_Peninsula_at_night_from_space.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Korean_Peninsula_at_night_from_space.jpg/160px-Korean_Peninsula_at_night_from_space.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Korean_Peninsula_at_night_from_space.jpg/240px-Korean_Peninsula_at_night_from_space.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Korean_Peninsula_at_night_from_space.jpg/320px-Korean_Peninsula_at_night_from_space.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1345" data-file-height="1452" /></a><figcaption>此图截取自2016年<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%B1%80" title="美国国家航空航天局">美国国家航空航天局</a>从太空拍摄制成的世界夜间灯光地图。朝鲜相比邻国严重缺乏照明和电力,在地图中朝鲜部分相对较大的亮点为其首都平壤市</figcaption></figure> <p>朝鮮於立國後,就從<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯">蘇聯</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="中華人民共和國">中華人民共和國</a>以廉價購入能源。因此,在1940年代至1980年代間,其能源供應較為穩定<sup id="cite_ref-Fuel_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fuel-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。然而,隨著蘇聯的經濟不景氣,蘇聯要求朝鲜以正價購入燃料,令後者的能源提供開始不穩<sup id="cite_ref-Fuel_122-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fuel-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。朝鲜国内水电的装机容量占总电力装机的比例已经超过了60%,然而,现在的国际形势对朝鲜来说并不有利,联合国和美国对朝鲜施行的制裁和经济封锁,使得朝鲜国内的环保设备进口——包括用于可再生能源建设的设备进口,都变得十分困难。<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1991年,<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E8%A7%A3%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯解體">蘇聯解體</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="中華人民共和國">中華人民共和國</a>成為了朝鲜最大的援助國。1993年以前,中國向朝鲜大量出口燃料,並佔當年朝鲜77%的燃料進口量<sup id="cite_ref-我們最幸福42_100-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-我們最幸福42-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。但隨著<a href="/wiki/1992%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%AD%E9%9F%A9%E5%BB%BA%E4%BA%A4" title="1992年中韩建交">1992年中韓建交</a>,中國雖然試圖維持<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%9C%9D%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="中朝关系">中朝關係</a>而派遣時任<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%B1%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%B1%80%E5%B8%B8%E5%A7%94" class="mw-redirect" title="中共中央政治局常委">中共中央政治局常委</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%B1%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%9B%B8%E8%A8%98%E8%99%95" class="mw-redirect" title="中共中央書記處">中共中央書記處</a>書記的<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E9%8C%A6%E6%BF%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="胡錦濤">胡錦濤</a>訪朝,但仍招致朝鮮的外交報復<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,向<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">越南</a>販賣<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9B%E5%BD%88" class="mw-redirect" title="飛彈">飛彈</a>300餘枚<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。中國遂終止援助,導致朝鲜在能源提供方面只能自給自足。現時,朝鲜以<a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A4" title="煤">煤</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%8A%9B%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB" title="水力發電">水力</a>作為本國主要的供電源。 </p><p>1994年發生的洪災令<a href="/wiki/%E9%B4%A8%E7%B6%A0%E6%B1%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="鴨綠江">鴨綠江</a>水力發電嚴重損毀,無法產出電力<sup id="cite_ref-Fuel_122-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fuel-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。這也使以電力驅動的火車無法將煤運到發電站,令<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E5%8D%B1%E6%A9%9F" title="能源危機">能源危機</a>的問題浮現。直到現在,朝鲜年均產出20.45億<a href="/wiki/KWh" class="mw-redirect" title="KWh">kWh</a>的電力,其中47.4%為煤,其餘的52.6%為水力發電<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_68-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>;但是,朝鲜還是不時出現能源短缺的現象<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。奇特的是因為供應端的極度缺失,使該國許多家戶改仰赖太阳能板来取得电力<sup id="cite_ref-wordpress1_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wordpress1-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="交通"><span id=".E4.BA.A4.E9.80.9A"></span>交通</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=31" title="编辑章节:交通"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国交通">朝鮮民主主義人民共和國交通</a></div> <p>朝鲜的交通系統覆蓋<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E8%B7%AF" title="道路">道路</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF" title="鐵路">鐵路</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E8%B7%AF%E8%BF%90%E8%BE%93" class="mw-redirect" title="水路运输">水路</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA" title="航空">航空</a>。當中,朝鲜的道路全長31,200<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E9%87%8C" title="公里">公里</a>,其682公里為<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%80%9F%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF" title="高速公路">高速公路</a>,但依有93.6%(29,203公里)的道路未有鋪設砂砾或碎石<sup id="cite_ref-fco.gov.uk_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fco.gov.uk-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%BD%E8%BB%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="汽車">汽車</a>在朝鲜甚為少見,全國只有25萬輛<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%81%E5%AE%B6%E8%BB%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="私家車">私家車</a>左右<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,而較常見的為<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%BB%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="卡車">卡車</a><sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。此外,<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E8%A1%8C%E8%BD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="自行车">自行车</a>也是朝鲜平民常用的代步工具,2008年,全國近七成的家庭都有至少一部自行车<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。首都平壤是全國交通最發達的地區,除了<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%A3%A4%E5%9C%B0%E9%90%B5" title="平壤地鐵">地鐵</a>外,這<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82" title="城市">城市</a>還有<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E8%BB%8C%E9%9B%BB%E8%BB%8A" title="無軌電車">電車</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%A3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="巴士">巴士</a>般的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E9%AB%94%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="集體運輸">集體運輸</a>工具。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="鐵路"><span id=".E9.90.B5.E8.B7.AF"></span>鐵路</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=32" title="编辑章节:鐵路"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DPRK_M62_Naeyeon_706.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/DPRK_M62_Naeyeon_706.jpg/200px-DPRK_M62_Naeyeon_706.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/DPRK_M62_Naeyeon_706.jpg/300px-DPRK_M62_Naeyeon_706.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/DPRK_M62_Naeyeon_706.jpg/400px-DPRK_M62_Naeyeon_706.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>朝鲜火車</figcaption></figure> <p>朝鲜在建國後即大力發展鐵路運輸。該國的鐵路共有11條國內线路,並連接到全國各主要城市,全長5,224<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E9%87%8C" title="公里">公里</a><sup id="cite_ref-Lanʹkov6_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lanʹkov6-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。此外,八成的<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E8%BB%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="火車">火車</a>已電氣化<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。由於覆蓋面積大,加上費用便宜,火車是長途旅程的主要工具,它擔起了全國八成的載客任務<sup id="cite_ref-fco.gov.uk_129-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fco.gov.uk-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。然而,由於能源短缺的關係,朝鮮的鐵路行走速度有限,最快的速度也不過每小時60公里,最慢的只有每小時20公里<sup id="cite_ref-Lanʹkov6_133-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lanʹkov6-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。因此,由平壤到<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E5%9F%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="開城">開城</a>,全長190公里的旅程可花費6個小時<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,而由新義州開往平壤,則有225公里,車程約7小時。 </p><p>朝鮮的鐵路能與國外接通,包括所有鄰國(<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="中華人民共和國">中華人民共和國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯">俄羅斯</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%93%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="大韓民國">大韓民國</a>)。2002年,朝韓同意把<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E7%BE%A9%E7%B7%9A" title="京義線">京義線</a>接通起來,並在2007年5月17日正式通車,這是自朝鮮半島分裂後,該路線時隔56年後再次開通<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2008年,隨著兩國關係惡化,京義線再度暫停運作,直到現在<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="水路"><span id=".E6.B0.B4.E8.B7.AF"></span>水路</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=33" title="编辑章节:水路"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>水路運輸在朝鲜的作用較輕,它只負責了2%的貨運和客運任務<sup id="cite_ref-fco.gov.uk_129-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fco.gov.uk-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。目前,該國最主要的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%AF%E5%8F%A3" title="港口">港口</a>位於<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%B5%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="南浦">南浦</a>、羅津、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%B4%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="清津">清津</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="元山">元山</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%B8%E5%85%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="咸兴">咸興</a>;主要的內河路線則在<a href="/wiki/%E9%B4%A8%E7%B6%A0%E6%B1%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="鴨綠江">鴨綠江</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8C%E6%B1%9F" title="大同江">大同江</a>,國內內河航線共長2,250公里<sup id="cite_ref-fco.gov.uk_129-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fco.gov.uk-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>1990年代初,朝鲜有一隊為數68隻<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A8%E8%88%B9" title="貨船">船</a>,709,442噸載重的遠洋商船隊運送貨品出口<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2002年,這數字上升至870,000噸,船隻數目為232隻<sup id="cite_ref-fco.gov.uk_129-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fco.gov.uk-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="航空"><span id=".E8.88.AA.E7.A9.BA"></span>航空</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=34" title="编辑章节:航空"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:86bu_-_Air_Koryo_Ilyushin_62M;_P-618@ZRH;28.02.2000_(5588363584).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/86bu_-_Air_Koryo_Ilyushin_62M%3B_P-618%40ZRH%3B28.02.2000_%285588363584%29.jpg/200px-86bu_-_Air_Koryo_Ilyushin_62M%3B_P-618%40ZRH%3B28.02.2000_%285588363584%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/86bu_-_Air_Koryo_Ilyushin_62M%3B_P-618%40ZRH%3B28.02.2000_%285588363584%29.jpg/300px-86bu_-_Air_Koryo_Ilyushin_62M%3B_P-618%40ZRH%3B28.02.2000_%285588363584%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/86bu_-_Air_Koryo_Ilyushin_62M%3B_P-618%40ZRH%3B28.02.2000_%285588363584%29.jpg/400px-86bu_-_Air_Koryo_Ilyushin_62M%3B_P-618%40ZRH%3B28.02.2000_%285588363584%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4962" data-file-height="3398" /></a><figcaption>高麗航空飛機</figcaption></figure> <p>朝鲜的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E8%88%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="民航">民航</a>始於1946年,當時<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯">蘇聯</a>和朝鲜成立了合資的航空公司。1954年,朝鲜取得該航空公司的經營權,並交由<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮人民軍">朝鮮人民軍</a>管轄。1993年易名為<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%BA%97%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA" title="高麗航空">高麗航空</a>,是唯二能飛往朝鲜境內的航空公司(另一家为<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA" title="中国国际航空">中国国际航空</a>)。提供<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="北京">北京</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%8F%82%E5%B4%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="海参崴">海参崴</a>飛往<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%A3%A4%E9%A0%86%E5%AE%89%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%A9%9F%E5%A0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="平壤順安國際機場">平壤順安國際機場</a>的國際航線。 </p><p>目前,朝鲜的定期航線包括從<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E5%87%A1%E7%B4%8D%E5%B8%83%E6%A9%9F%E5%A0%B4" title="蘇凡納布機場">曼谷-蘇凡納布</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%A9%9F%E5%A0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="北京首都國際機場">北京</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%A3%E5%91%A8%E6%B0%B4%E5%AD%90%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%A9%9F%E5%A0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="大連周水子國際機場">大連</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E6%B5%A6%E6%9D%B1%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%A9%9F%E5%A0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="上海浦東國際機場">上海</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89%E5%92%B8%E9%98%B3%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA" title="西安咸阳国际机场">西安</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B7%B4%E7%BD%97%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA" title="哈巴罗夫斯克机场">哈巴羅夫斯克</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%83%E4%B8%87%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA" title="特里布万国际机场">加德滿都</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E9%9A%86%E5%9D%A1%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%A9%9F%E5%A0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="吉隆坡國際機場">吉隆坡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%A8%81%E7%89%B9%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%A9%9F%E5%A0%B4" title="科威特國際機場">科威特</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AC%9D%E5%88%97%E6%A2%85%E6%8D%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%A9%9F%E5%A0%B4" title="謝列梅捷沃國際機場">莫斯科-謝列梅捷沃</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%80%8B%E9%99%BD%E6%A1%83%E4%BB%99%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%A9%9F%E5%A0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="瀋陽桃仙國際機場">瀋陽</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E7%88%BE%E6%BF%B1%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%A9%9F%E5%A0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="哈爾濱太平國際機場">哈爾濱</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%A6%E6%8B%89%E8%BF%AA%E6%B2%83%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E5%85%8B%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%A9%9F%E5%A0%B4" title="符拉迪沃斯托克國際機場">海參崴</a>到平壤順安國際機場的來回航班。 </p><p>除了國際航線外,朝鲜在1958年時已有從平壤飛往<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%B8%E5%85%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="咸兴">咸興</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%B4%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="清津">清津</a>的內航線。今天,高麗航空還提供了飛往平壤、咸興、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82" title="海州市">海州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E5%9F%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="開城">開城</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E7%95%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="江界">江界</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B7%9E%E9%83%A1" title="吉州郡">吉州郡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%B4%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="清津">清津</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%BE%A9%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82" title="新義州市">新義州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B1%A0%E6%B7%B5%E9%83%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="三池淵郡">三池淵郡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="元山">元山</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%B5%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="南浦">南浦</a>的航線。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="旅遊業"><span id=".E6.97.85.E9.81.8A.E6.A5.AD"></span>旅遊業</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=35" title="编辑章节:旅遊業"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%85%E6%B8%B8" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国旅游">朝鲜民主主义人民共和国旅遊</a></div> <p>為吸納外匯,朝鲜在1990年代後期起致力開發<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%85%E9%81%8A%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="旅遊業">旅遊業</a>。在1998年,朝鲜和韩国现代集团開闢<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%88%9A%E5%B1%B1%E8%A7%82%E5%85%89%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="金刚山观光地区">金剛山觀光地区</a>。時至2007年,共有170萬人到過當地,並帶來1億美元的收入<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。除了金剛山外,<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%A3%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="平壤">平壤</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BF%E9%96%80%E5%BA%97" title="板門店">板門店</a>也是旅客常到的地方,觀看<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E9%83%8E%E7%AF%80" class="mw-redirect" title="阿里郎節">阿里郎</a>表演也是常見的活動,另有<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%88%BA%E7%B9%A1%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="朝鮮刺繡中心">朝鮮刺繡中心</a>等紀念品展售中心。 </p><p>朝鲜並未容許<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A9%E6%97%85%E6%B8%B8" title="自助旅游">自由行</a>,要在當地旅遊,遊客必須有官方的導遊和監察員陪同,並禁止任意遊覽,對攝影有一定限制,並在出境時會檢查相機照片。相關檢查,對中國大陸遊客較寬鬆,但對西方国家的遊客則較為嚴格。遊客在參觀當地時,理論上也不得向當地人散發任何物品,但時常有人將小禮物饋贈兒童、老人<sup id="cite_ref-Hassig5_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hassig5-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。雖然如此,但旅遊業已成為朝鲜的經濟支柱<sup id="cite_ref-Hassig5_140-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hassig5-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。每年,也有10萬游客到訪朝鲜<sup id="cite_ref-Hassig5_140-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hassig5-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,其中又以東亞中國大陸和日本、東南亞旅客為主<sup id="cite_ref-Hassig5_140-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hassig5-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。不過近年來俄羅斯等國也逐漸增加中<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pyongyang_aerial_view_(15124608601).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Pyongyang_aerial_view_%2815124608601%29.jpg/220px-Pyongyang_aerial_view_%2815124608601%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Pyongyang_aerial_view_%2815124608601%29.jpg/330px-Pyongyang_aerial_view_%2815124608601%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Pyongyang_aerial_view_%2815124608601%29.jpg/440px-Pyongyang_aerial_view_%2815124608601%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4912" data-file-height="2760" /></a><figcaption>朝鲜首都平壤市</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="銀行業"><span id=".E9.8A.80.E8.A1.8C.E6.A5.AD"></span>銀行業</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=36" title="编辑章节:銀行業"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>朝鮮的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%8A%80%E8%A1%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="中央銀行">中央銀行</a>為<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%8A%80%E8%A1%8C" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國中央銀行">朝鮮民主主義人民共和國中央銀行</a>,負責發行<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%9C%93" title="朝鮮圓">朝鮮圓</a>和負責處理國際貿易事務。此外,朝鲜還有如<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9B%E5%95%86%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C" title="招商银行">招商银行</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%BB%BA%E8%AE%BE%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C" title="中国建设银行">中國建設銀行</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E9%8A%80%E8%A1%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="中國農業銀行">中國農業銀行</a>等中資<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80%E8%A1%8C" title="銀行">銀行</a>。然而,由於朝鲜政府資金供應不足,因此銀行不時出現無法提款的情況,這也導致人民以至政府部門不願把錢存進銀行的情況出現<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>為鼓勵民眾使用銀行服務,朝鲜曾推出以新幣換舊幣的政策,又在2003年推出<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B5%E5%88%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="債券">債券</a>,並宣傳「買債券就是<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="愛國">愛國</a>」的口號<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>2013年5月,中國的數間銀行關閉在朝鲜主要負責外匯交易的外貿銀行帳戶<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="國防"><span id=".E5.9C.8B.E9.98.B2"></span>國防</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=37" title="编辑章节:國防"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮人民軍">朝鮮人民軍</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nkmissile.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Nkmissile.jpg/160px-Nkmissile.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Nkmissile.jpg/240px-Nkmissile.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Nkmissile.jpg/320px-Nkmissile.jpg 2x" data-file-width="586" data-file-height="440" /></a><figcaption>已知的朝鲜飛彈佈署概略,<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B6%E6%B2%B3%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E8%BF%90%E8%BD%BD%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="银河系列运载火箭">银河系列运载火箭</a>佈署於北端聲稱作為科學用途,但也可改裝為彈道飛彈</figcaption></figure> <p>朝鮮的武裝力量為<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮人民軍">朝鮮人民軍</a>,分<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E8%BB%8D%E9%99%B8%E8%BB%8D" title="朝鮮人民軍陸軍">陸軍</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E8%BB%8D%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D" title="朝鮮人民軍海軍">海軍</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E8%BB%8D%E7%A9%BA%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮人民軍空軍">空軍</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%86%9B%E6%88%98%E7%95%A5%E5%86%9B" title="朝鲜人民军战略军">戰略軍</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E8%BB%8D%E7%89%B9%E7%A8%AE%E4%BD%9C%E6%88%B0%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮人民軍特種作戰軍">特種作戰軍</a>五個軍種。其<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%B1%E5%B8%A5%E6%AC%8A" title="統帥權">最高統帥</a>為<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%85%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%95%BF" title="朝鲜劳动党中央军事委员会委员长">朝鲜劳动党中央军事委员会委员长</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%85%E5%8A%9B%E9%87%8F%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E5%8F%B8%E4%BB%A4%E5%AE%98" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国武装力量最高司令官">武装力量最高司令官</a>,現任統帥為<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E6%81%A9" title="金正恩">金正恩</a>元帥。具體的軍事指揮由<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%85%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="朝鲜劳动党中央军事委员会">朝鲜劳动党中央军事委员会</a>負責﹔<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国国务委员会">國務委員會</a>下設有<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%98%B2%E7%9C%81" title="国防省">國防省</a>﹔常設領導機關為<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%86%9B%E6%80%BB%E5%8F%82%E8%B0%8B%E9%83%A8" title="朝鲜人民军总参谋部">總參謀部</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%86%9B%E6%80%BB%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%B1%80" title="朝鲜人民军总政治局">總政治局</a>,這些都是朝鮮的軍事機關。 </p><p>朝鮮現時有正規軍120萬,是全球擁軍第4高的國家<sup id="cite_ref-美國國務院_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-美國國務院-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。同時,該國也是全球人均軍事人員比例最高的國家,每25人中就有一人為<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="軍人">軍人</a>(不分男女)<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。為鞏固國防,朝鮮實行兵役制,所有年滿17歲和身體健全的男子和女子都需服10年兵役。在軍備方面,朝鮮還擁有4,060輛<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%A6%E5%85%8B" title="坦克">坦克</a>、2,500輛<a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%9D%E7%94%B2%E9%81%8B%E5%85%B5%E8%BB%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="裝甲運兵車">裝甲運兵車</a>、17,900門<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E7%82%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="火炮">火炮</a>、11,000門<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B2%E7%A9%BA%E7%82%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="防空炮">防空砲</a>、1萬枚便携式<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B2%E7%A9%BA%E5%B0%8E%E5%BD%88" class="mw-redirect" title="防空導彈">防空導彈</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%9D%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%8E%E5%BD%88" class="mw-redirect" title="反坦克導彈">反坦克導彈</a>、915艘船艦和1,748架<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B0%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="戰機">戰機</a>,還有2,500噸至5,000噸的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="化學武器">化學武器</a>和激光致盲武器<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在2010年,朝鮮公佈軍費開支佔了年度開支的15.8%<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E6%97%A5" title="金正日">金正日</a>繼承最高領導人後提出<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E5%86%9B%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="先军政治">先军政治</a>,強調軍事的重要性,並指「沒有人能比<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%AB%E5%85%B5" title="士兵">士兵</a>更偉大、更可貴和更神聖」<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。為此,他把軍人的地位置於工人、農民和知識份子之上<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,其膳食和衣物也得到優先的照顧。在這風氣下,軍人的地位進一步提升。此外,士兵除了參與國防外,還需協助興建西海水閘、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%A3%A4%E5%9C%B0%E9%90%B5" title="平壤地鐵">平壤地鐵</a>等基建<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,因此朝鮮的軍人深得尊重,享有崇高的社會地位,成為<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮人民軍">朝鮮人民軍</a>是不少青年人的夢想,嫁給軍人是女生追求的目標,老百姓也會把生活用品獻給士兵作慰問<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="核武器"><span id=".E6.A0.B8.E6.AD.A6.E5.99.A8"></span>核武器</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=38" title="编辑章节:核武器"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%A0%B8%E8%AF%95%E9%AA%8C%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="朝鲜核试验列表">朝鲜核试验列表</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="核发展"><span id=".E6.A0.B8.E5.8F.91.E5.B1.95"></span>核发展</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=39" title="编辑章节:核发展"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>朝鮮於1956年成立核子物理研究所,1962年又在距<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%A3%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="平壤">平壤</a>北方90公里的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A7%E9%82%8A%E9%83%A1" title="寧邊郡">寧邊郡</a>興建反應爐。1978年,朝鲜開採到大量的<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BE" title="鈾">鈾</a>。隨後的30年間,朝鮮先後建立了6個核研究中心、兩座研究堆、6座鈾礦和1座核電試驗堆<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>1990年,<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>通過<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E5%BD%B1%E5%83%8F" title="卫星影像">卫星影像</a>懷疑朝鮮擁有核武,朝鮮先否定有製造核武的動機和能力,其後又在次年與<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%93%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="大韓民國">大韓民國</a>簽訂《關於朝鮮半島無核化共同宣言》,並在1992年與<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E8%83%BD%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="國際原子能機構">國際原子能機構</a>簽下《核安全協定》,同意該組織檢驗其核設施,以證明朝鲜沒有使用核武器。之後,國際原子能機構先後6次對朝鮮進行核驗,均沒有發現核武的存在。然而,國際原子能機構其後根據情報發現朝鮮正分離至少148克的<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%88" class="mw-redirect" title="鈈">鈈</a>,與該國申報的90克有所差距,故懷疑朝鮮正在發展核武,並令要再度進行驗查。朝鮮表示拒絕,1994年10月,美國前總統<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E7%B1%B3%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E7%89%B9" title="吉米·卡特">卡特</a>以個人身份到平壤與金日成會談,並使朝鮮放棄發展核武。 </p><p>2000年代朝鮮再次計劃發展核武。2002年朝鮮承認此事並稱「正在研究更強的武器」<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2005年2月,朝鲜表示已擁有「核遏制力」,隨後又將8,000支廢燃料棒再處理,意味着朝鮮可生產<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="核武器">核武器</a>。翌年10月9日,進行<a href="/wiki/2006%E5%B9%B4%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%A0%B8%E8%A9%A6%E9%A9%97" title="2006年朝鮮核試驗">首次核試驗</a>,在國際上引起強烈反響。2007年儘管朝鲜在<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E6%96%B9%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%87" class="mw-redirect" title="六方會談">六方會談</a>承諾放棄核武,但在2009年5月25日,又進行了<a href="/wiki/2009%E5%B9%B4%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%A0%B8%E8%A9%A6%E9%A9%97" class="mw-redirect" title="2009年朝鮮核試驗">第二次核試驗</a>。2013年2月12日朝鲜進行<a href="/wiki/2013%E5%B9%B4%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%A0%B8%E8%AF%95%E9%AA%8C" title="2013年朝鲜核试验">第三次地下核試</a>後其核武計畫有顯著進展,2015年更疑似列裝了發射小型彈道飛彈的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%B5%A6%E7%B4%9A%E6%BD%9B%E8%89%87" title="新浦級潛艇">新浦級潛艇</a>,若有水下核打擊能力理論上朝鮮將有極高成功率毀滅或重創<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E7%88%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="首爾">首爾</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="東京">東京</a>,許多國家並不能再以和朝鮮開戰只會是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%BC%B7%E5%BA%A6%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="低強度戰爭">有限局部戰爭</a>的角度來看待。2016年1月和9月又进行了两次核試驗(<a href="/wiki/2016%E5%B9%B41%E6%9C%88%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%A0%B8%E8%A9%A6%E9%A9%97" title="2016年1月朝鮮核試驗">第四次氫彈核試驗</a>,<a href="/wiki/2016%E5%B9%B49%E6%9C%88%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%A0%B8%E8%AF%95%E9%AA%8C" title="2016年9月朝鲜核试验">第五次核試驗</a>)。2017年9月3日朝鮮發生規模6.3強烈地震,震源深度零公里,地震地點就在朝鮮核子試驗場所在地豐溪里。朝鮮宣稱成功試爆可安裝在洲際飛彈上的氫彈。2017年9月15日朝鮮向日本領土方向發射了彈道導彈。導彈飛行距離為3,700公里,飛行高度為800公里。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="核政策"><span id=".E6.A0.B8.E6.94.BF.E7.AD.96"></span>核政策</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=40" title="编辑章节:核政策"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>2022年9月8日,朝鲜<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" title="最高人民会议">最高人民会议</a>颁布关于朝鲜核武力政策的法令,宣布朝鲜核力量由<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%95%BF" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国国务委员会委员长">朝鲜民主主义人民共和国国务委员会委员长</a>单独指挥<sup id="cite_ref-:0_156-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。法令对朝鲜核武器使用原则作出规范,分别是遭受侵略时使用核武器和除无核国家参与对朝鲜的侵略外,不对无核国家进行<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E6%87%BE%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="威懾理論">核威慑</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="核战争">核打击</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_156-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。该法令还对核武力政策属防卫性质、核武器的使用前提、核武力的使命、组成、指挥控制和核不扩散等方面作出法律规定<sup id="cite_ref-:0_156-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="對外軍售"><span id=".E5.B0.8D.E5.A4.96.E8.BB.8D.E5.94.AE"></span>對外軍售</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=41" title="编辑章节:對外軍售"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>朝鮮也發展了<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B9%E9%81%93%E5%AF%BC%E5%BC%B9" title="弹道导弹">弹道导弹</a>,並對國外銷售。2009年4月,<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%89%E7%90%86%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="聯合國安理會">聯合國安理會</a>將<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E7%A4%A6%E6%A5%AD%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="朝鮮礦業發展貿易公司(页面不存在)">朝鮮礦業發展貿易公司</a>(又名KOMID)列為朝鲜的主要武器銷售者和主要彈道導彈的出口者<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。據聯合國報道稱,KOMID總部位於平壤市中心。KOMID也在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="北京">北京</a>和世界其它地方設有辦公室,以促進武器銷售和吸引顧客購買朝鲜武器<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在國外,該公司將彈道導彈賣給<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" title="伊朗">伊朗</a><sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,並代表朝鮮參加了為<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="敘利亞">敘利亞</a>大量生產<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%9D%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%8E%E5%BD%88" class="mw-redirect" title="反坦克導彈">反坦克導彈</a>的交易<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。KOMID也將1億多美元的武器,包括導彈技術、<a href="/wiki/%E7%82%AE%E8%89%87" class="mw-redirect" title="炮艇">炮艇</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E7%82%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="火炮">火炮</a>等出售給<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="非洲">非洲</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E7%BE%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="南美">南美</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%9D%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="中東">中東</a><sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2022年俄烏戰爭後,該國也被指控出售炮彈給俄軍在烏克蘭使用<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>朝鮮人民軍也請求Hap Heng公司幫助其對外出售武器。90年代Hap Heng公司設立在<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80" title="澳門">澳門</a>的辦事處對伊朗和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="巴基斯坦">巴基斯坦</a>出售了武器、導彈、核技術等。巴基斯坦的Ghauri導彈是朝鲜<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B5%A6%E6%B4%9E-1%E9%A3%9B%E5%BD%88" class="mw-redirect" title="大浦洞-1飛彈">大浦洞-1導彈</a>的複製品。情報顯示,Hap Heng公司曾在1999年把導彈零件賣給伊朗<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外交"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E4.BA.A4"></span>外交</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=42" title="编辑章节:外交"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國外交">朝鮮民主主義人民共和國外交</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%BB%BA%E4%BA%A4%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="朝鲜建交列表">朝鲜建交列表</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E9%A7%90%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="駐朝鮮外交機構列表">駐朝鮮外交機構列表</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E9%A9%BB%E5%A4%96%E6%9C%BA%E6%9E%84%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="朝鲜驻外机构列表">朝鲜驻外机构列表</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_with_Kim_Jong-Il-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Vladimir_Putin_with_Kim_Jong-Il-2.jpg/160px-Vladimir_Putin_with_Kim_Jong-Il-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Vladimir_Putin_with_Kim_Jong-Il-2.jpg/240px-Vladimir_Putin_with_Kim_Jong-Il-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Vladimir_Putin_with_Kim_Jong-Il-2.jpg/320px-Vladimir_Putin_with_Kim_Jong-Il-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption>朝鮮勞動黨總書記<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E6%97%A5" title="金正日">金正日</a>與俄羅斯總統<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E4%BA%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="普京">普京</a>會面(2000年)</figcaption></figure> <p>朝鮮於1975年5月,成为“七十七国集团”正式成员国,同年8月正式加入不结盟运动。1991年9月17日同韓國一起加入了聯合國。2000年7月,加入<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="东南亚国家联盟">东盟地区论坛</a>(ARF)。与163个国家(含欧盟)建立了外交关系。朝鮮自建國後即與<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯">蘇聯</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="中華人民共和國">中華人民共和國</a>建交,並維持著緊密的關係。<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯">蘇聯</a>解體後也跟俄羅斯保持一定聯繫,另外1961年簽訂的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%9C%9D%E5%8F%8B%E5%A5%BD%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6" title="中朝友好合作互助条约">中朝友好合作互助条约</a>框架下,朝鮮是中國的唯一軍事盟友。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮戰爭">朝鮮戰爭</a>中,金日成得到了蘇聯和中華人民共和國的大力協助,使金氏政權得以鞏固<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。战后,三國之間曾經出現過一些波折,例如:<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%97%A5%E6%88%90" title="金日成">金日成</a>在1956年同時肅清了<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8B%9E%E5%8B%95%E9%BB%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮勞動黨">朝鮮勞動黨</a>內親中華人民共和國的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E6%B4%BE" title="延安派">延安派</a>與親蘇聯的<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E6%B4%BE" title="蘇聯派">蘇聯派</a>;1960年代,朝鲜在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%98%87%E4%BA%A4%E6%83%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="中蘇交惡">中蘇交惡</a>後在敵對的<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯">蘇聯</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="中華人民共和國">中華人民共和國</a>之間左右逢源,來回搖擺以保證自身的最大利益<sup id="cite_ref-ifeng1_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ifeng1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。但是,整體而言該國與中、蘇兩國的關係仍然較為穩定<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。這情況一直維持至蘇聯在<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E8%A7%A3%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯解體">解體</a>前夕與<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="韓國">韓國</a>建交(蘇聯在和韓國建交不久後解體),導致朝鮮與其斷交<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>;還有中華人民共和國在1992年與韓國建交,令朝鮮一度與其交惡,使朝鮮外交在1990年代陷入孤立與被排斥狀態。隨後,朝鮮試圖打破僵局,改為與<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">越南</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%AE%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="寮國">寮國</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%AC%E5%9F%94%E5%AF%A8" title="柬埔寨">柬埔寨</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="社會主義">社會主義</a>國家建立合作關係,因為同為<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="社會主義市場經濟">社會主義市場經濟</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">越南</a>跟中華人民共和國在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%B2%99%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="南沙群島">南沙群島</a>主權問題上存在尖锐对立<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>;又在1991年加入<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="聯合國">聯合國</a>等國際組織。 </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cho_Myong-nok_and_Bill_Clinton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Cho_Myong-nok_and_Bill_Clinton.jpg/130px-Cho_Myong-nok_and_Bill_Clinton.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Cho_Myong-nok_and_Bill_Clinton.jpg/195px-Cho_Myong-nok_and_Bill_Clinton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Cho_Myong-nok_and_Bill_Clinton.jpg/260px-Cho_Myong-nok_and_Bill_Clinton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="819" /></a><figcaption>2000年10月,<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="美國總統">美國總統</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E6%9F%AF%E6%9E%97%E9%A0%93" class="mw-redirect" title="比爾·柯林頓">柯林頓</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E7%9B%9B%E9%A0%93%E5%93%A5%E5%80%AB%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E%E7%89%B9%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="華盛頓哥倫比亞特區">華盛頓</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%AE%AE" title="白宮">白宮</a>會見<a class="mw-selflink selflink">朝鮮</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國國防委員會">國防委員會</a>第一副委員長<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%99%E6%98%8E%E9%8C%84" class="mw-redirect" title="趙明錄">趙明錄</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%AC%A1%E5%B8%85%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鲜次帅列表">次帥</a></figcaption></figure> <p>另一方面,由於朝鮮視<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%93%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="大韓民國">大韓民國</a>為「敵對政權」,故此一直未與這三國建立正式的外交關係。朝鮮更是唯一未與日本建交的<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E5%93%A1%E5%9C%8B%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="聯合國會員國列表">聯合國成員國</a>。雖然如此,但在2000年代後,朝鲜與這三個國家的接觸日漸增多。2002年,朝鲜在與日本的首腦會談中承認曾在1977年到1988年間<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E7%BB%91%E6%9E%B6%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98" title="朝鲜绑架日本人问题">綁架日本人</a>一事,並釋放依然生還的5人<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2003年,<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%A0%B8%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98" title="朝鲜核问题">朝鮮核危機</a>爆發,朝鮮被邀與<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="中華人民共和國">中華人民共和國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%93%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="大韓民國">大韓民國</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯">俄羅斯</a>出席<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E6%96%B9%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%87" class="mw-redirect" title="六方會談">六方會談</a>,以鼓勵放棄核武。2007年,朝鲜先宣佈同意放棄核武,金正日又與時任<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%93%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="大韓民國總統">大韓民國總統</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%AD%A6%E9%89%89" title="盧武鉉">盧武鉉</a>就建立朝鮮半島和平機制、無核化、擴大經濟合作等問題達成多項協議,並簽下《南北關係發展與和平繁榮共同宣言》。2008年,<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%90%E7%B4%84%E6%84%9B%E6%A8%82%E6%A8%82%E5%9C%98" class="mw-redirect" title="紐約愛樂樂團">紐約愛樂樂團</a>亦曾訪問朝鲜。 </p><p>2017年11月21日,时任<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="美国总统">美国总统</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E7%BA%B3%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97%E6%99%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="唐纳德·特朗普">唐纳德·特朗普</a>在内阁前会议上表示<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,由于朝鲜“除了以核毁灭威胁全世界外,北韩还屡次支持国际恐怖主义行径,其中包括在外国土地上的谋杀行径”,美国将把朝鲜列入支持恐怖主义的国家名录。 </p><p>然而,在這段時期,朝鲜也有和這些國家發生衝突。2009年4月14日,朝鲜宣佈退出六方會談,並在其後重開核設施,進行第二次的地下核試。同年,朝鲜称有兩名美國女記者在未經許可的情况下,從中國越過朝鲜邊界被捕,並判二人勞改12年。该事件最終在美國前總統<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%9E%97%E9%A1%BF" title="比尔·克林顿">克林頓</a>到訪朝鮮後平息,兩名記者獲釋并回國。2010年3月26日,發生<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%AE%89%E8%89%A6%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="天安艦事件">天安艦事件</a>。同年11月23日,朝鲜又對韓國的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%B6%E5%9D%AA%E5%B2%9B" title="延坪岛">延坪岛</a>進行<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%B6%E5%9D%AA%E5%B2%9B%E7%82%AE%E6%88%98" title="延坪岛炮战">炮擊</a>。2013年3月5日,朝鲜宣佈撕毀「朝鮮停戰協定」,又切斷在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%9F%93%E9%9D%9E%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="朝韓非軍事區">朝鮮半島非軍事區</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BF%E9%96%80%E5%BA%97" title="板門店">板門店</a>與美軍的軍事熱線。 </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kim_and_Trump_shaking_hands_at_the_red_carpet_during_the_DPRK%E2%80%93USA_Singapore_Summit_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Kim_and_Trump_shaking_hands_at_the_red_carpet_during_the_DPRK%E2%80%93USA_Singapore_Summit_%28cropped%29.jpg/130px-Kim_and_Trump_shaking_hands_at_the_red_carpet_during_the_DPRK%E2%80%93USA_Singapore_Summit_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Kim_and_Trump_shaking_hands_at_the_red_carpet_during_the_DPRK%E2%80%93USA_Singapore_Summit_%28cropped%29.jpg/195px-Kim_and_Trump_shaking_hands_at_the_red_carpet_during_the_DPRK%E2%80%93USA_Singapore_Summit_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Kim_and_Trump_shaking_hands_at_the_red_carpet_during_the_DPRK%E2%80%93USA_Singapore_Summit_%28cropped%29.jpg/260px-Kim_and_Trump_shaking_hands_at_the_red_carpet_during_the_DPRK%E2%80%93USA_Singapore_Summit_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="849" data-file-height="1133" /></a><figcaption>2018年6月12日,朝鮮勞動黨委員長<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E6%81%A9" title="金正恩">金正恩</a>與美國總統<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E7%B4%8D%C2%B7%E5%B7%9D%E6%99%AE" title="唐納·川普">唐納·川普</a>於新加坡會面,是<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="韓戰">韓戰</a>後兩國最高領導人的首次會面</figcaption></figure> <p>現時,朝鲜共與165國保持<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" class="mw-redirect" title="外交關係">外交關係</a>,並有24個國家在首都<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%A3%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="平壤">平壤</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%A7%90%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="駐朝鮮外交機構列表">設有大使館</a><sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。歐洲只有法國與愛沙尼亞與朝鲜从未建立外交關係<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。目前全球只有<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="馬來西亞">馬來西亞</a>的公民可免簽證到朝鮮旅游30天,<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。从2017年3月5日起,由于<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E7%94%B7%E9%81%87%E5%88%BA%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="金正男遇刺事件">金正男遇刺事件</a>,馬來西亞政府基于安全考量,宣布取消朝鮮公民的免簽證待遇,并且禁止馬來西亞公民前往朝鲜。2018年,<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E9%A6%96%E7%9B%B8" title="马来西亚首相">马来西亚首相</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%93%88%E8%BF%AA%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E5%93%88%E6%9C%AB" title="马哈迪·莫哈末">马哈迪·莫哈末</a>對於<a href="/wiki/2018%E5%B9%B4%E6%9C%9D%E7%BE%8E%E9%A6%96%E8%84%91%E4%BC%9A%E6%99%A4" title="2018年朝美首脑会晤">2018年朝美首脑会晤</a>表示歡迎,並表示世界不應對<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E6%81%A9" title="金正恩">金正恩</a>懷疑並應學習他對於和平的期盼,<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="東京">東京</a>的一個記者會上, 馬哈迪希望朝美首次峰會能取得好結果,<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>並表示馬來西亞重開北韓駐當地大使館,改善因<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E7%94%B7%E9%81%87%E5%88%BA%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="金正男遇刺事件">金正男遇刺事件</a>而低落的兩國關係。<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>2021年3月19日,因马来西亚批准美国对一名朝鲜男子的引渡申请,朝鲜宣布与马来西亚断绝外交关系。<sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>2022年7月13日,朝鲜宣布承认<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%BF%E6%B6%85%E8%8C%A8%E5%85%8B%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="顿涅茨克人民共和国">顿涅茨克</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E7%94%98%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="卢甘斯克人民共和国">卢甘斯克</a>的独立地位,成为继<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄罗斯</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%99%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="叙利亚">叙利亚</a>后第三个承认顿涅茨克与卢甘斯克独立地位的<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E6%88%90%E5%91%98%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="联合国成员国">联合国成员国</a>,随后<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0" title="乌克兰">乌克兰</a>宣布与朝鲜断交。<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="社會"><span id=".E7.A4.BE.E6.9C.83"></span>社會</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=43" title="编辑章节:社會"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="階級"><span id=".E9.9A.8E.E7.B4.9A"></span>階級</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=44" title="编辑章节:階級"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E8%BA%AB%E6%88%90%E5%88%86#朝鲜" title="出身成分">出身成分 § 朝鲜</a></div> <p>為加強統治,朝鮮開國領袖<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%97%A5%E6%88%90" title="金日成">金日成</a>在1950年代後期按照民眾的<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E8%BA%AB%E6%88%90%E5%88%86" title="出身成分">出身成分</a>將<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91" title="公民">公民</a>分為三個階級,當中包括友好勢力、中立勢力和敵對勢力<sup id="cite_ref-Lanʹkov_178-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lanʹkov-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。隨後,金日成再在1970年的最高人民會議中作出修訂,將國民劃分成「核心階級」、「動搖階級」和「敵對階級」3大階級,再細分51個分類,並沿用至今<sup id="cite_ref-Hassig1-198_179-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hassig1-198-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。據估計,這三個階級分別佔了該國總人口的三成、五成和兩成<sup id="cite_ref-Hassig1-198_179-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hassig1-198-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>根據朝鮮政府規定,「核心階級」包括在<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%8A%95%E9%99%8D" title="日本投降">日本投降</a>前的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="軍人">軍人</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%BA%BA" title="工人">工人</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%AB%E5%86%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="贫农">貧農</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%83%E8%BE%B2" title="佃農">佃農</a>、集體農場農民、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="二戰">解放後</a>受高等教育<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="知識分子">知識分子</a>、勞動黨員、抗日戰爭和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮戰爭">韓戰</a>中戰死者等的家屬和後裔;「動揺階級」包括民族資本家、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%B0%8F%E4%BC%81%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="中小企業">中小企業</a>商人、手工業者、店員、小中自耕農、中小規模承包商、刑期已滿的政治犯、囚犯家人、死囚家屬;「敵對階級」則包括在日治時的官廳反動官僚、親日親美分子、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E5%86%9C" class="mw-disambig" title="富农">富農</a>地主、1945年後的越北者、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教徒">天主教徒</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92" class="mw-redirect" title="基督教徒">基督教徒</a>等<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>不同的階級在居住、學業、工作和晉升等方面也會得到不同的對待:「敵對階級」不能居於國界和沿海一帶,或者平壤以及其它大城市,會被發配到北部的山區居住<sup id="cite_ref-Lanʹkov_178-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lanʹkov-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>;他們難以升讀<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="大學">大學</a>;在糧食或資源短缺時,他們會最先失去糧食和資源的配給;在軍中,他們也難以晉升到<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%B0%89" title="上尉">上尉</a>或以上的級別<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。反之,「核心階級」除了可居於<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%A3%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="平壤">平壤</a>外,還可取得豪華的房屋,在能源或糧食短缺時,他們的糧食和資源優先配給。他們也能在平壤最有名的大學完成學業,而最高級的甚至可在畢業後免服<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B5%E5%BD%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="兵役">兵役</a>,並能隨即加入政府,成為公務員,得到良好的待遇<sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>然而,這階級並不是一成不變的。由於出身成分只會追溯最多三代,因此朝鲜民眾的階級是有機會改變的<sup id="cite_ref-Lanʹkov1_183-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lanʹkov1-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。同時,隨著邊境貿易的增加,有的商人因而致富,並從資助政府建立如<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E6%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="學校">學校</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E8%B7%AF" title="道路">道路</a>等基礎建設,而得到加入政府的機會,提升了其階級<sup id="cite_ref-Hassig1-130_184-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hassig1-130-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。也有的勞動黨員因不忠誠而被投進監獄,其階級從而下降<sup id="cite_ref-Lanʹkov1_183-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lanʹkov1-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="人權"><span id=".E4.BA.BA.E6.AC.8A"></span>人權</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=45" title="编辑章节:人權"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国人权">朝鲜民主主义人民共和国人权</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见:<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94%E5%81%8F%E8%A6%8B" title="對朝鮮民主主義人民共和國的媒體偏見">对朝鲜民主主义人民共和国的媒体偏见</a></div> <p>朝鮮是当今世界上人权最恶劣的国家之一,外界認為朝鮮是一個類似<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E5%BB%BA" title="封建">封建</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%88%E5%88%B6%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="專制制度">专制制度</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%AC%E8%A3%81" title="独裁">独裁</a>國家<sup id="cite_ref-#2_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-#3_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#3-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-#4_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#4-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。該國公民不享有政治自由,因為当局絕不允许公民随意表达他们的思想<sup id="cite_ref-Amnesty_International_2007_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amnesty_International_2007-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>;連唯一的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E6%92%AD" title="广播">广播</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86%E5%8F%B0" title="电视台">电视台</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E8%AE%AF%E7%A4%BE" title="通讯社">通讯社</a>,都被法律严格保证由該國政府管辖<sup id="cite_ref-Amnesty_International_2007_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amnesty_International_2007-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>;國民也不允許暢所欲言和与任何外国人接触——即使是住在特权城市<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%A3%A4%E7%9B%B4%E8%BD%84%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="平壤直轄市">平壤直轄市</a>的市民,他們甚至不能自由离开平壤市至其他城市或农村<sup id="cite_ref-Amnesty_International_2007_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amnesty_International_2007-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>尽管<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鲜宪法">朝鲜宪法</a>第七十五條规定公民有居住、旅行的自由,但政府却實施嚴格管制流動人口,普通民众連買火車票也需要介紹信及出差證,從外地進入平壤,離開車站時都要檢查「首都通行證」,首都以外的居民,如果沒有受平壤親人之邀,幾乎不可能拿到前往首都的旅遊文件。平壤這邊的親人得先向保安人員購買有編號的證明文件,存根送到地方上的旅行批准處,申請人再去領取。火車一到平壤,警察就在月台核對名單,查看存根編號是否符合,若然不符,就必須遣返歸鄉,還有說犯規者可能被送去勞改<sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>政府也不容許民眾批評金氏家族和政府制度,甚至議論領導的身高,也會被舉報<sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。犯法者會被視為政治犯,並在未經<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A9%E5%88%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="審判">審判</a>的情况下關進<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E9%9B%86%E4%B8%AD%E8%90%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鲜集中营">集中營</a><sup id="cite_ref-自由之家_187-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-自由之家-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。現時,朝鲜共有至少6個已知的政治犯集中營,囚禁著大約20萬名罪犯<sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。他們被迫從事苦工,其人權也被侵害,其中包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%A2%E9%A4%93" class="mw-redirect" title="飢餓">飢餓</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%B4%E6%89%93" class="mw-redirect" title="殴打">毆打</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E4%BE%B5%E7%8A%AF" title="性侵犯">性侵犯</a>等。<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83946278"><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup>人權組織<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%88%B6%E6%AD%A2%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8F%8D%E4%BA%BA%E9%81%93%E7%BD%AA%E8%A1%8C%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="国际制止朝鲜反人道罪行联盟">國際制止朝鲜反人道罪行聯盟</a>(International Coalition to Stop Crimes Against Humanity in North Korea,ICNK)估計每年約有1萬人死於集中營<sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。美國政治學教授<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%AF%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E6%A2%85%E7%88%BE" title="魯道夫·拉梅爾">魯道夫·拉梅爾</a>稱在1948年至1987年間,共有100萬人死於集中營<sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>據<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%AC%8A%E8%A7%80%E5%AF%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="人權觀察">人權觀察</a>引述對50多名脫北者進行兩年的採訪,朝鮮婦女經常遭受<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E6%9A%B4%E5%8A%9B" title="性暴力">性暴力</a>、違反意願的<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E6%8E%A5%E8%A7%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="性接觸">性接觸</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B7%E5%A7%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="強姦">強姦</a>。身居要職的男子,包括警察、獄警、高級官員、市場監管人員和衛兵,可以隨意虐待婦女,而不會因此受到起訴。違反意願的性接觸和暴力極為普遍,以至成為正常生活的一部分<sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>為取得<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1" title="自由">自由</a>,有朝鲜人選擇逃离朝鲜,他們被称为「<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%B1%E5%8C%97%E8%80%85" class="mw-redirect" title="脱北者">脱北者</a>」。他們大多数逃往中国东北甚至是<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="蒙古國">蒙古國</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a>往往會把他們逮捕並遣返回國,而這些脫北者會因此被送到集結所短暫關押或是勞教,情節嚴重的甚至會被判刑;蒙古政府也會將蒙古境內的脫北者逮捕,但不同的是,脫北者會經菲律賓被遣送到<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%93%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="大韓民國">大韓民國</a><sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>但是,朝鲜官方並不認同及接受国际社会对其人权的批评,也不承認國家存在任何類型的集中營,並一律禁止所有外國遊客、政客、記者以至人權組織進入營區了解勞改營環境和勞改犯的生活状况。違法者後果將同樣會被關進集中營勞役數年以至十多年才能獲釋,例如2014年初一位外籍傳教士到朝鲜平壤旅遊時被朝鲜政府拘捕,以藏有聖經為由拘禁,最後其被朝鲜驅逐出境。在2014年提交給<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="聯合國">聯合國</a>的一份報告中,朝鮮將對其人權記錄的指責斥為「胡言亂語」<sup id="cite_ref-human_rights4_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-human_rights4-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>但也有部分对朝鲜国内情况的指控事后确实被认为是<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94%E5%81%8F%E8%A6%8B" title="對朝鮮民主主義人民共和國的媒體偏見">谣言</a><sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Taylor_195-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taylor-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="治安"><span id=".E6.B2.BB.E5.AE.89"></span>治安</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=46" title="编辑章节:治安"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>朝鮮政府並沒有對<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%AF%E7%BD%AA%E7%8E%87" title="犯罪率">犯罪率</a>作統計,但據長期居於該國的外國人表示,當地治安大致良好<sup id="cite_ref-Lanʹkov2_196-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lanʹkov2-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,即使是窮困也不會偷竊。當中,街頭暴力是最常發生的案件,幾乎每個大城市都有少年<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%AB%E6%B4%BE" title="幫派">幫派</a><sup id="cite_ref-Lanʹkov2_196-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lanʹkov2-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>:他們除了互相毆鬥外,還會偷竊。然而,由於幫派對治安影響不大,加上不少的成員活躍數年後就會因需投身社會而離開組織,因此,朝鲜政府對這些幫派往往採取寬容態度<sup id="cite_ref-Lanʹkov2_196-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lanʹkov2-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>;街頭暴力則通常會被執法部門置之不理。然而,若事情發生在金正日生日等重要日子,涉案人士會被定為<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%8A%AF" title="政治犯">政治犯</a>,需送到<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E4%B8%AD%E7%87%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="集中營">集中營</a>監禁<sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-197"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>另外,隨著部分地區存在經濟崩潰的情況,民眾為求生存,甚至以<a href="/wiki/%E6%90%B6%E5%8A%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="搶劫">搶劫</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B7%E7%9B%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="強盜">強盜</a>為生,也有報告指軍隊強搶百姓的糧食<sup id="cite_ref-Lanʹkov2_196-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lanʹkov2-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%A3%E6%B7%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="賣淫">賣淫</a>也因而出現,有的女子走到火車站和餐廳門外找生意<sup id="cite_ref-198" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-198"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在朝鲜,賣淫是嚴重的罪行,一經發現,這些女子會面臨嚴厲的處罰,甚至會被逐出平壤<sup id="cite_ref-199" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-199"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="媒體"><span id=".E5.AA.92.E9.AB.94"></span>媒體</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=47" title="编辑章节:媒體"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>朝鲜的憲法賦予國民享有<a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%80%E8%AB%96%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1" title="言論自由">言論自由</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="新聞自由">新聞自由</a>,而事實上,該國所有的媒體皆為國有,並且是勞動黨和金氏政權的宣傳工具,任何人散佈不利兩者的消息都會被判入集中營以至<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E5%88%91" title="死刑">死刑</a><sup id="cite_ref-200" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。因此,在<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E5%9C%8B%E7%95%8C%E8%A8%98%E8%80%85" class="mw-redirect" title="無國界記者">無國界記者</a>所發佈的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="新聞自由指數">新聞自由指數</a>中,朝鲜每一年的排名均為全球倒數第一或第二<sup id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="電視"><span id=".E9.9B.BB.E8.A6.96"></span>電視</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=48" title="编辑章节:電視"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鲜电视">朝鲜电视</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pyongyang_TV_Tower_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Pyongyang_TV_Tower_01.JPG/180px-Pyongyang_TV_Tower_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Pyongyang_TV_Tower_01.JPG/270px-Pyongyang_TV_Tower_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Pyongyang_TV_Tower_01.JPG/360px-Pyongyang_TV_Tower_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2544" data-file-height="3440" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%A3%A4%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86%E5%A1%94" title="平壤电视塔">平壤电视塔</a></figcaption></figure> <p>朝鲜設有五個國營電視頻道,包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8F%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮中央電視台">朝鮮中央電視台</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E5%A3%BD%E8%87%BA%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8F%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="萬壽臺電視台">萬壽臺電視台</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%8D%E5%8D%97%E5%B1%B1%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8F%B0" title="龍南山電視台">龍南山電視台</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86%E5%8F%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鲜体育电视台">朝鮮體育電視台</a>,及一個閉路電視頻道。朝鮮中央電視台是朝鲜最早成立的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8F%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="電視台">電視台</a>,它創立於1963年,是朝鮮最重要的電視台。中央台平時的播放時間為<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%A3%A4%E6%99%82%E9%96%93" title="平壤時間">平壤時間</a>9:00-22:30。1971年,新的電視台──開城電視台(今「龍南山電視台」)出現,其後,開城電視台在1997年改組成教育文化電視台,專門播放科學節目。期間,萬壽臺電視台也在1983年開播,但其覆蓋範圍只限<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%A3%A4%E5%B8%82" title="平壤市">平壤市</a>和其周邊市郡(2018年3月起向所有朝鲜人民开放)。 </p><p>朝鲜的電視節目具有濃厚的政治宣传色彩<sup id="cite_ref-Lanʹkov4_202-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lanʹkov4-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,中央電視台每天開播時首先會播出《<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%9B%BD%E6%AD%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鲜国歌">朝鮮國歌</a>》《<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%97%A5%E6%88%90%E5%B0%87%E8%BB%8D%E4%B9%8B%E6%AD%8C" title="金日成將軍之歌">金日成將軍之歌</a>》《<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E6%97%A5%E5%B0%87%E8%BB%8D%E4%B9%8B%E6%AD%8C" title="金正日將軍之歌">金正日將軍之歌</a>》三首歌曲,其後是關於是<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8B%9E%E5%8B%95%E9%BB%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮勞動黨">朝鮮勞動黨</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮人民軍">朝鮮人民軍</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%97%A5%E6%88%90" title="金日成">金日成</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E6%97%A5" title="金正日">金正日</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E6%81%A9" title="金正恩">金正恩</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="新聞">新聞</a>,然後是介紹朝鲜在教育、科學、軍事、農業等成就的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E9%8C%84%E7%89%87" title="紀錄片">紀錄片</a>,最後則是電影和電視劇和卡通片<sup id="cite_ref-Lanʹkov4_202-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lanʹkov4-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。即使是風格較為有趣的<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E5%A3%BD%E8%87%BA%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8F%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="萬壽臺電視台">萬壽臺電視台</a>也一樣,其播放的外國電影都為<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="前蘇聯">前蘇聯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%90%E5%8A%87%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="東歐劇變">東歐劇變</a>前的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="東歐">東歐</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86" title="中国大陆">中国大陆</a>具改革開放前的狀況和政治制度,類似在文革時播放的電視節目和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%BE%8E" title="反美">反美</a>特色的電影和電視劇<sup id="cite_ref-Lanʹkov4_202-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lanʹkov4-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>﹔電視劇則為歌頌朝鮮勞動黨和軍政為主<sup id="cite_ref-203" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-203"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。据<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86%E5%8F%B0" title="中国中央电视台">中国中央电视台</a>报道,朝鲜人收看的外国影视作品中,中国大陆的比例最高,主要的影视作品有《<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%9C%E4%BC%8F_(%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86%E5%89%A7)" title="潜伏 (电视剧)">潜伏</a>》《<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E7%9A%84%E7%9B%9B%E5%AE%B4" title="王的盛宴">王的盛宴</a>》《<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%98%E7%8F%A0%E6%A0%BC%E6%A0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="还珠格格">还珠格格</a>》和《<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E6%9C%A8%E8%98%AD_(2009%E5%B9%B4%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1)" title="花木蘭 (2009年電影)">花木兰</a>》等等,尤其是《潜伏》,多次在朝鲜重播,特别是剧中的余则成,一直是朝鲜女生的追捧对象。此外在朝鲜的音像店内还能买到像《<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%A9%E5%85%B7%E6%80%BB%E5%8A%A8%E5%91%98" title="玩具总动员">玩具总动员</a>》的光碟,但只作英语教学用途<sup id="cite_ref-朝鲜电视_204-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朝鲜电视-204"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>另一方面,受<a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%96%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96" class="mw-redirect" title="鎖國政策">鎖國政策</a>影響,朝鲜幾乎斷絕所有國內與外國的衛星廣播信號,特別是<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="韩国">韩国</a>的電視信號。商業<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E5%91%8A" title="廣告">廣告</a>也很稀有。雖然自1960年代朝鲜政府允許<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%81%E8%90%A5%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="私营公司">私營公司</a>在電視台播廣告,但由於費用和政治因素,各頻道所播出的廣告都不會有過多的動畫,並以平面性廣告為主,而且為防止<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="資本主義">資本主義</a>流入,電視台甚少播映廣告。2009年7月2日晚,一個名為「<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8C%E6%B1%9F%E5%95%A4%E9%85%92" title="大同江啤酒">大同江啤酒</a>」的電視廣告在朝鲜中央電視台播出<sup id="cite_ref-205" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-205"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。然而,這廣告被朝鲜政府視為含有資本主義色彩<sup id="cite_ref-206" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-206"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,不久即被叫停<sup id="cite_ref-207" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-207"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96" class="mw-redirect" title="電視">電視</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%A5%E7%9A%82%E5%8A%87" class="mw-redirect" title="肥皂劇">肥皂劇</a>也有增加的趨勢,自1981年起,朝鲜的電視台會在晚上8時播放時間約20-30分鐘的電視劇,隨後延展至一小時。現在,電視劇佔了中央電視台三成的播放時間<sup id="cite_ref-Lanʹkov4_202-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lanʹkov4-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。看電視也是朝鲜人民的最常見的娛樂,每到電視播放劇集的時候,民眾均會回家看電視。現時,全國逾一半人口擁有一台電視<sup id="cite_ref-Lanʹkov5_118-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lanʹkov5-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在農村,這數字為25%<sup id="cite_ref-Lanʹkov5_118-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lanʹkov5-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="電台"><span id=".E9.9B.BB.E5.8F.B0"></span>電台</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=49" title="编辑章节:電台"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%B9%BF%E6%92%AD%E7%94%B5%E5%8F%B0%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国广播电台列表">朝鲜民主主义人民共和国广播电台列表</a></div> <p>朝鮮共有6個的國營<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E6%92%AD%E9%9B%BB%E5%8F%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="廣播電台">廣播電台</a>。1945年,<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%B9%BF%E6%92%AD%E7%94%B5%E5%8F%B0" title="朝鲜中央广播电台">平壤電台</a>成立,是該國首個的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E6%92%AD%E9%9B%BB%E5%8F%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="廣播電台">廣播電台</a>。3年後,平壤電台易名為朝鮮中央廣播電台,並沿用至今。隨後,如<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%A3%A4%E5%BB%A3%E6%92%AD%E9%9B%BB%E5%8F%B0" title="平壤廣播電台">平壤廣播電台</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%A3%A4FM%E5%BB%A3%E6%92%AD%E9%9B%BB%E8%87%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="平壤FM廣播電臺">平壤FM廣播電臺</a>、和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E4%B9%8B%E8%81%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮之聲">朝鮮之聲</a>也啟播。朝鲜政府严禁民众收听西方和韩国的电台,并对部分美国、韩国及日本的电台<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B%E6%97%A0%E7%BA%BF%E7%94%B5%E5%B9%B2%E6%89%B0" title="朝鲜半岛无线电干扰">进行干扰</a>。現時,當地約有4百萬人有<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%B6%E9%9F%B3%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="收音機">收音機</a><sup id="cite_ref-208" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-208"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>朝鲜的電台廣播也有強烈的政治宣傳色彩。每天,中央台每小時都會朗讀喉舌報章《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%9E%E5%8B%95%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E" title="勞動新聞">勞動新聞</a>》的文章,然後播放金氏父子的頌歌,以及談論朝鲜現今的盛況和南朝鮮的慘況,或是讚美<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E9%AB%94%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="主體思想">主體思想</a><sup id="cite_ref-209" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-209"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>204<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。據統計,在2000年,朝鲜中央广播电台花了34.2%的時間於歌頌金日成和金正日,28.8%的時間為鼓勵工人勤加工作,17.4%用來宣傳主體思想,12%談及韩国(廣播中稱之為南朝鮮)人民的苦況<sup id="cite_ref-210" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-210"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>205<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>除上述电台外,还有在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%9F%A9%E9%9D%9E%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E5%8C%BA" title="朝韩非军事区">朝韩非军事区</a>、针对<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%86%9B" title="朝鲜人民军">朝鲜人民军</a>广播的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%86%9BFM%E5%B9%BF%E6%92%AD%E7%94%B5%E5%8F%B0" title="朝鲜人民军FM广播电台">朝鲜人民军FM广播电台</a>和对韩国广播的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E5%9B%9E%E5%A3%B0%E5%B9%BF%E6%92%AD%E7%94%B5%E5%8F%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="统一回声广播电台">统一的回声广播电台</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="報章"><span id=".E5.A0.B1.E7.AB.A0"></span>報章</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=50" title="编辑章节:報章"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%EB%A1%9C%EB%8F%99%EC%8B%A0%EB%AC%B8_1950.06.27.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/%EB%A1%9C%EB%8F%99%EC%8B%A0%EB%AC%B8_1950.06.27.jpg/180px-%EB%A1%9C%EB%8F%99%EC%8B%A0%EB%AC%B8_1950.06.27.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/%EB%A1%9C%EB%8F%99%EC%8B%A0%EB%AC%B8_1950.06.27.jpg/270px-%EB%A1%9C%EB%8F%99%EC%8B%A0%EB%AC%B8_1950.06.27.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/%EB%A1%9C%EB%8F%99%EC%8B%A0%EB%AC%B8_1950.06.27.jpg/360px-%EB%A1%9C%EB%8F%99%EC%8B%A0%EB%AC%B8_1950.06.27.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="542" /></a><figcaption>1950年6月27日的《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%9E%E5%8B%95%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E" title="勞動新聞">勞動新聞</a>》</figcaption></figure> <p>朝鲜全國共有12份主要的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%B1%E7%AB%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="報章">報章</a><sup id="cite_ref-fco.gov.uk_129-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fco.gov.uk-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。其中,勞動黨機關報《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%9E%E5%8B%95%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E" title="勞動新聞">勞動新聞</a>》為全國最主要的報章。 </p><p>朝鲜的所有報社都由國家所有,拥有濃厚的宣传色彩,報紙時常出現的主題包括:絕對服從黨和領袖的指令、以生命保衛領袖、以支持軍隊來堅守<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E5%86%9B%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="先军思想">先軍思想</a>、對國家的將來保持樂觀、為了國家和社會而奮力工作、不要被<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="資本主義">資本主義</a>誘惑、要記著和美國與日本的血海深仇,以及作為官員必須成為人民的榜樣<sup id="cite_ref-Hassig7_211-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hassig7-211"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。這些報章並不會報導國內任何的負面消息,而國外的新聞也是經過政府所選擇。<a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%98%E8%80%85" title="記者">記者</a>在撰寫文稿後,必須先交由報社<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E5%AF%A9%E6%9F%A5" title="自我審查">內部檢查</a>,再得到勞動黨宣傳部的同意下文章才能出版<sup id="cite_ref-Hassig7_211-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hassig7-211"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。記者若報導對黨和領袖不利的消息,則會失去工作甚至入獄<sup id="cite_ref-Hassig7_211-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hassig7-211"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。雖然人民因信息管道少而熱衷去各種地點看報紙,但是發行量也相當少,而且只送到身居一定职位的干部那里。這除了有受到制裁導致印紙不足外原因<sup id="cite_ref-212" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-212"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>207<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,也是方便了政策的靈活轉換不被懷疑,該國的報業還會處理掉舊的館藏新聞,特别值得一提的是,除三家全国性报纸外,其他机关发行的报纸不是隔日报就是周报,且发行量也不多,這與要求即時性的世界其他報業同事有巨大差異<sup id="cite_ref-213" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-213"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-214" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-214"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>209<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。此外,宣傳部每月還會向報社發指示,安排報社一個月後所需報導的事項<sup id="cite_ref-Hassig7_211-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hassig7-211"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hassig136_215-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hassig136-215"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="通讯"><span id=".E9.80.9A.E8.AE.AF"></span>通讯</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=51" title="编辑章节:通讯"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国通信">朝鲜民主主义人民共和国通信</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="电话"><span id=".E7.94.B5.E8.AF.9D"></span>电话</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=52" title="编辑章节:电话"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>一台<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="電話">電話</a>在朝鲜非常高昂,其價格可等於工人20年的薪金<sup id="cite_ref-Hassig136_215-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hassig136-215"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。因此,電話在該國相當稀有,朝鲜每100人當中只有5.2部電話,在此其中,又只有20%為私人用途<sup id="cite_ref-Hassig136_215-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hassig136-215"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。民眾若要使用電話可使用<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%A9%B1%E4%BA%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="電話亭">電話亭</a>,在鄉郊,則要到政府的通訊中心借用電話。為防國民與外國接觸,朝鲜政府又把九成的國際<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E9%80%94%E9%9B%BB%E8%A9%B1" title="長途電話">長途電話</a>線路切斷,因此民眾難以致電到國外<sup id="cite_ref-216" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-216"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>211<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在中朝边境地区,中国的移动电话通讯服务最多覆盖距离中朝边界10公里的范围。因为朝鲜是禁止拨打国际长途电话的,而人们为了能与外界联络,便有意购入中国的移动电话。所以,在接近<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%9C%9D%E8%BE%B9%E7%95%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="中朝边界">中朝边界</a>的朝鲜部分便兴起不少出售中国移动电话的黑市。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="手机"><span id=".E6.89.8B.E6.9C.BA"></span>手机</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=53" title="编辑章节:手机"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="手機">手機</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E6%89%8B%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="智能手機">智能手機</a>是朝鲜近年來新興的通訊工具。2002年11月,朝鲜曾與<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="泰國">泰國</a>企業合作推出過<a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a>手機服務,但又在2004年禁止普通國民使用手機。2008年,朝鲜與<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="埃及">埃及</a>電信運營商Orascom簽約,創立合資公司<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%BA%97%E9%9B%BB%E4%BF%A1" title="高麗電信">高麗電信</a>作為全國唯一的電訊商,並於12月起在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%A3%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="平壤">平壤</a>以及其他大城市提供3G手機服務。隨後,朝鲜的手機用戶不斷增多,2010年9月,使用手机的用户共计43萬,2011年同期已達80萬,至2012年底更突破180萬,手機普及率達10%<sup id="cite_ref-新華網_217-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-新華網-217"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>212<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,3G網絡覆蓋達到國土面積的14%,可供94%左右的人口使用<sup id="cite_ref-新華網_217-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-新華網-217"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>212<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>然後自2013年1月7日起,原本外國人禁止攜帶手機入境的法令於該日鬆綁,允許外國人攜帶手機進入國內。但是仍未開放各國SIM卡通用的國際漫遊服務,需要購買當地販售的兩種<a href="/wiki/SIM%E5%8D%A1" title="SIM卡">SIM卡</a>後才能使用。每一張價錢從50歐元到100歐元不等,本地通話撥打時價錢每分鐘約為0.2<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E5%85%83" class="mw-redirect" title="歐元">歐元</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="網路"><span id=".E7.B6.B2.E8.B7.AF"></span>網路</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=54" title="编辑章节:網路"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91" title="朝鲜互联网">朝鲜互联网</a></div> <p>為防止國民從<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%AF%E7%B6%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="互聯網">互聯網</a>接觸到外來資訊從以動搖朝鲜的統治,該國政府推出了「<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E6%98%8E%E7%BD%91_(%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C)" title="光明网 (朝鲜)">光明網</a>」的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E8%81%AF%E7%B6%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="內聯網">內聯網</a>系統作業。朝鲜的互聯網主管部門先會從國際互聯網中下載合適的內容,再這些資訊上傳至<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BA%E6%9C%8D%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="伺服器">伺服器</a>,網民若需尋找資訊,需在「光明網」登入,再加以搜尋。網民還可在「光明網」互通電子郵件和使用聊天室。現時,「光明網」已覆蓋平壤等主要城市、道府、郡城和大學<sup id="cite_ref-218" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-218"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>213<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,其使用者人數逾30萬,當中一半分佈在平壤<sup id="cite_ref-219" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-219"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>214<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>雖然如此,朝鲜的電腦普及率很低,全國只有大概5%的人有電腦<sup id="cite_ref-Hassig145_220-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hassig145-220"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>215<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。同時,朝鲜幾乎完全斷絕互聯網的連接,國際的各種調查甚至無法偵測到朝鲜境內的任何一名互聯網用戶<sup id="cite_ref-221" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-221"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>216<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,成為地球上極少數的「网络黑洞」之一。據估計,朝鲜只有數千人能連接到互聯網<sup id="cite_ref-Hassig145_220-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hassig145-220"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>215<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/.kp" title=".kp">.kp</a>為朝鲜<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%8F%8A%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80%E9%A0%82%E7%B4%9A%E5%9F%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="國家及地區頂級域">國家及地區頂級域</a>(ccTLD)的域名,由於朝鲜對互聯網使用的嚴加管制,這域名甚少被人使用。2004年6月,<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="朝鮮電腦研究中心">朝鮮電腦研究中心</a>建立了有官方背景的「<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6_(%E7%B6%B2%E7%AB%99)" title="我的國家 (網站)">我的國家</a>」網站,伺服器設在朝鲜,主頁一般刊登朝鲜中央通訊社播發的消息稿,另有政治、旅遊、對外貿易、藝術、信息產業、社會、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A9%E9%9F%93%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="兩韓統一問題">統一</a>和影視等內容<sup id="cite_ref-222" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-222"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>217<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,是全球少有以.kp為域名的網頁。 </p><p>另外,對外國旅客,在主要的國際酒店,諸如羊角島大酒店,均設有上網設備,但收費極為昂貴,以2010年的情況,每100KB收費為2歐元。在金正恩上台後,在2013年2月25日,美聯社朝鮮總編Jean H. Lee在Twitter及Instagram上貼文:「Hello world from comms center in #Pyongyang」(世界你好,來自 #平壤 的通訊中心)<sup id="cite_ref-223" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-223"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>218<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-224" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-224"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,成為朝鲜首發的Twitter及Instagram帖文,用的是朝鲜與埃及聯營的高麗連結3G網絡,該3G網絡在2013年2月的收費為登記預付75歐元,2GB卡收取150歐元,10GB計劃則是400歐元。外國人購買朝鲜上網手機卡,必須出示當地的營業執照。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="生活水準"><span id=".E7.94.9F.E6.B4.BB.E6.B0.B4.E6.BA.96"></span>生活水準</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=55" title="编辑章节:生活水準"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PYONGYANG_CITY_DPRK_NORTH_KOREA_OCT_2012_(8647588769).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/PYONGYANG_CITY_DPRK_NORTH_KOREA_OCT_2012_%288647588769%29.jpg/200px-PYONGYANG_CITY_DPRK_NORTH_KOREA_OCT_2012_%288647588769%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/PYONGYANG_CITY_DPRK_NORTH_KOREA_OCT_2012_%288647588769%29.jpg/300px-PYONGYANG_CITY_DPRK_NORTH_KOREA_OCT_2012_%288647588769%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/PYONGYANG_CITY_DPRK_NORTH_KOREA_OCT_2012_%288647588769%29.jpg/400px-PYONGYANG_CITY_DPRK_NORTH_KOREA_OCT_2012_%288647588769%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4214" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>平壤人民剧场</figcaption></figure> <p>儘管有些人以貿易致富,但大部份朝鮮人還是過著只能糊口的日子,生活水準有限<sup id="cite_ref-Hassig1-130_184-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hassig1-130-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%8A%80%E8%A1%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="世界銀行">世界銀行</a>也將朝鮮歸類於「低收入國家」<sup id="cite_ref-225" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-225"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>220<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在朝鲜,現時的平均月薪约為50,000<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%9C%93" title="朝鮮圓">圓</a>(折合人民币约400元)<sup id="cite_ref-226" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-226"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>221<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。隨著<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E6%BC%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="通漲">通漲</a>的出現和分配制度的失靈,他們需用八至九成的收入於購買糧食<sup id="cite_ref-227" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-227"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>222<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,雖說不至於飢餓,但多數只能以蕎麥等為主食果腹,偶爾才能吃到米、甚至是水產等的肉食,此外,住宅採用分配制度,一般家庭不須負擔房貸。為增加收入,有的市民在工餘時期在街邊或市集出售如<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%9F%B4" title="火柴">火柴</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%A5%E7%9A%82" title="肥皂">肥皂</a>等生活用品,也有的轉售在家中種植蔬菜,或者是託付地下市集,一些本來選擇留守家中的婦女也去當侍應和傭工<sup id="cite_ref-228" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-228"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>223<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,一般是以物易物換取物品,少數有私下資金流動的情況,不過當局對這樣的小額交易則是默許的態度。 </p><p>另一方面,由於收入有限的關係,朝鮮家庭擁有的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E7%94%A8%E7%94%B5%E5%99%A8" title="家用电器">電器</a>並不多。另外電力供應端的極度缺失,停電在朝鮮是十分常見的事。即便是在首都平壤,一些地區也都仍就得靠輪流供電來維持平衡,使該國民眾改仰賴太陽能板與蓄電池來取得電力,在前往朝鮮的時候會看到許多家戶配備<sup id="cite_ref-wordpress1_128-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wordpress1-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。現時,全國約40%的家庭有一台<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96" class="mw-redirect" title="電視">電視</a>、20%有<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="相機">相機</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%97%E8%A1%A3%E6%A9%9F" title="洗衣機">洗衣機</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%AA%E6%AB%83" class="mw-redirect" title="雪櫃">冰箱</a>在鄉下也相當稀有<sup id="cite_ref-229" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-229"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>224<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。此外,由於經濟和法律因素,朝鲜人很少能够到鄰近的城市或出國<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%85%E9%81%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="旅遊">旅遊</a><sup id="cite_ref-230" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-230"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>225<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。朝鮮的廁所馬桶亦以蹲式為主,坐式的較為少見。熱水在朝鮮亦是十分奢侈的享受,即便在首都平壤也多為限時供應。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="兩性地位"><span id=".E5.85.A9.E6.80.A7.E5.9C.B0.E4.BD.8D"></span>兩性地位</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=56" title="编辑章节:兩性地位"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>朝鲜宪法第七十七條规定婦女享有同男子平等的社會地位和權利,但社會是以<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B7%E5%B0%8A%E5%A5%B3%E5%8D%91" class="mw-redirect" title="男尊女卑">男性主導</a>,女性地位低微<sup id="cite_ref-Hassig2_231-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hassig2-231"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。女子在完成學業後,往往會工作數年然後<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E5%A9%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="結婚">結婚</a>,或者直接留在家相夫教子或從事兼職工作<sup id="cite_ref-232" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-232"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>227<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1990年之前,朝鲜政府要求每一位健康的男性必须到<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%89%E4%BC%81%E4%B8%9A" title="国有企业">国有企业</a>工作,但允许约30%处于就业年龄阶段的已婚女性留在家里做全职<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%AD%E4%B8%BB%E5%A9%A6" title="家庭主婦">家庭主妇</a>,其餘的在婚后會继续工作<sup id="cite_ref-afi_233-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-afi-233"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>228<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,婚后女性就业率高于同地区的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="韩国">韩国</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="台湾">台湾</a>,但低于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄罗斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8" title="瑞典">瑞典</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%AC%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="北欧">北欧</a>国家以及<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86" title="中国大陆">中国大陆</a>,与今日的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>大体相同<sup id="cite_ref-234" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-234"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>229<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。隨著1990年代朝鲜經濟崩塌,有的原本选择留在家中的婦女出外工作或從事小買賣而成為家庭的經濟支柱<sup id="cite_ref-Hassig2_231-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hassig2-231"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。現時,朝鲜市场中的商贩至少有四分之三是女性<sup id="cite_ref-Hassig2_231-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hassig2-231"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%A3%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="平壤">平壤</a>甚至流传着一则笑话:「<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%88%E5%A4%AB" title="丈夫">丈夫</a>与宠物狗有何共同之处?答案是:都不工作也不赚钱,但都很可爱,待在家里,还能吓跑<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%81%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="小偷">小偷</a>」<sup id="cite_ref-afi_233-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-afi-233"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>228<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>雖然法律上兩性是平等的,但朝鮮女性還受諸多奇特的不成文限制,比如不許吸煙<sup id="cite_ref-235" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-235"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>230<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、飲酒<sup id="cite_ref-236" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-236"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>231<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、駕駛<sup id="cite_ref-237" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-237"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>232<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,甚至踏<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E8%BB%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="單車">單車</a><sup id="cite_ref-238" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-238"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>233<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-239" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-239"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>234<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,更奇怪的還被要求穿<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E8%B7%9F%E9%9E%8B" title="高跟鞋">高跟鞋</a>或裙裝等等。在政治上,她們有<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%95%E7%A5%A8%E6%AC%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="投票權">投票權</a>,但歷屆的最高人民會議裡,女性代議員只有20.1%,而在1948年至2000年間,在260多個前任部長中,也只有6名女性<sup id="cite_ref-240" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-240"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>235<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。而朝鮮多元性別的概念尚不普及。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="信息審查"><span id=".E4.BF.A1.E6.81.AF.E5.AF.A9.E6.9F.A5"></span>信息審查</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=57" title="编辑章节:信息審查"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国审查制度">朝鲜民主主义人民共和国审查制度</a></div> <p>隨著邊境貿易的增加和邊防的腐化,不少<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86%E5%89%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="中国电视剧">中國電視劇</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8A%87" title="韓國電視劇">韓國電視劇</a>,以至<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E9%87%8C%E6%B4%BB%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="荷里活電影">荷里活電影</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1" title="韓國電影">韓國電影</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%8A%A8%E6%BC%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="日本动漫">日本動漫</a>也被偷偷帶到朝鮮<sup id="cite_ref-241" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-241"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>236<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。這些的產品在朝鮮廣為流傳,而且深受大眾的喜愛,更讓民眾了解到世界的真實面貌與政府所宣稱的截然不同。有的人更因而選擇脫北<sup id="cite_ref-242" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-242"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>237<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2003年,一個調查就發現有67%的<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%AB%E5%8C%97%E8%80%85" title="脫北者">脫北者</a>接觸過外國的影音產品<sup id="cite_ref-243" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-243"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>238<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。而一份2010年的統計數據顯示,在受調查的250名脫北者和出國旅行的朝鮮人中,有27%的受訪者收聽過大韓民國(南韓)及美國的廣播電台,有24%的受訪者收看過中華人民共和國、大韓民國(南韓)等國家的電視節目<sup id="cite_ref-244" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-244"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>239<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>由於這些的外來資訊衝擊著朝鮮政權的統治,因此,朝鮮政府一方面對這些的資訊嚴加打擊,凡觀看任何未獲政府批准的外國電影或電視,特別是來自南韓的節目,屬於嚴重罪行。並立法規定任何觀看或藏有者也會被送到<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E4%B8%AD%E7%87%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="集中營">集中營</a>2-5年<sup id="cite_ref-245" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-245"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>240<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2010年,就有1,000人因觀看南韓電視節目和電影而入獄<sup id="cite_ref-246" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-246"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>241<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>;2013年11月,朝鮮數十人因觀賞走私進口的韓劇遭<a href="/wiki/%E6%A7%8D%E6%B1%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="槍決">槍決</a><sup id="cite_ref-走私_247-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-走私-247"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>242<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。另一方面,朝鮮政府又告訴人民雖然韓國人的生活水平已大大提升,但他們還是渴望重歸朝鮮的懷抱,並指責外來文化的流入是美國和南韓試圖顛覆朝鮮的<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B0%E8%AC%80" title="陰謀">陰謀</a><sup id="cite_ref-248" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-248"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>243<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。由於科技發達,不少人暗帶DVD與MP3播放器等入境朝鮮,但當局難以控制。此外,一些<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86%E5%89%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="美国电视剧">美國電視劇</a>如《<a href="/wiki/%E6%85%BE%E6%9C%9B%E5%B8%AB%E5%A5%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="慾望師奶">绝望的主妇</a>》等也有朝鮮民眾追看,雖屬小眾,但都十分熱衷<sup id="cite_ref-走私_247-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-走私-247"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>242<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="色情管制"><span id=".E8.89.B2.E6.83.85.E7.AE.A1.E5.88.B6"></span>色情管制</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=58" title="编辑章节:色情管制"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>凡藏匿属于<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E6%83%85" title="色情">色情</a>有关的物品属于朝鲜民主主义人民共和国刑法的严重罪行。为堵住所谓“黄毒”,当局采取了各种措施,例如只能播放朝鲜产DVD的播放机,同时将外国产播放机的操作基板换成国产产品;紧急断电,逐家逐户突击检查播放机里的光碟(但一些朝鲜民众会使用自带电池的DVD播放机逃避检查);突击拘捕并严厉处罚贩卖光碟的商贩等。此外在朝鲜,看<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E6%83%85%E5%BD%B1%E7%89%87" class="mw-redirect" title="色情影片">色情影片</a>是犯法的,而且要面临最高五年的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%B3%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="劳教">劳教</a>。 </p><p>由于外国录像资料的泛滥,2013年6月,朝鲜领导人金正恩亲自做出“严禁观看<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E6%83%85" title="色情">淫秽视频</a>”的批示。死刑犯家属也被送往<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%9E%E6%94%B9%E7%87%9F" title="勞改營">劳改营</a>接受<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%B3%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="劳教">劳教</a>。此外,2013年12月被开除劳动党籍并判处死刑的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E6%88%90%E6%B3%BD" title="张成泽">张成泽</a>,其罪名之一就是“向其心腹散播<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%AB%E7%A7%BD" title="淫秽">淫秽</a>图片”<sup id="cite_ref-249" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-249"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>244<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>不過,朝鮮高官有所謂的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A1%E6%A8%82%E7%B5%84" title="歡樂組">歡樂組</a>,組員是從各地徵選的女性組成,她們為高官提供按摩、表演甚至是陪睡等性服務。<sup id="cite_ref-250" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-250"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>245<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="醫療衛生"><span id=".E9.86.AB.E7.99.82.E8.A1.9B.E7.94.9F"></span>醫療衛生</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=59" title="编辑章节:醫療衛生"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:North_Korea-Pyongyang_Maternity_Hospital-04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/North_Korea-Pyongyang_Maternity_Hospital-04.jpg/220px-North_Korea-Pyongyang_Maternity_Hospital-04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/North_Korea-Pyongyang_Maternity_Hospital-04.jpg/330px-North_Korea-Pyongyang_Maternity_Hospital-04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/North_Korea-Pyongyang_Maternity_Hospital-04.jpg/440px-North_Korea-Pyongyang_Maternity_Hospital-04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1504" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>位於<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%A3%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="平壤">平壤</a>的一間醫院</figcaption></figure> <p>朝鮮向國民提供免費醫療服務<sup id="cite_ref-health_care_251-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-health_care-251"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>246<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。民眾如需看病,須先到地方<a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%BA%E6%89%80" title="診所">診所</a>,若情況較為嚴重的則會送到當地的<a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E9%99%A2" title="醫院">醫院</a>;再嚴重者則會轉介到<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93_(%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92)" title="道 (行政区划)">道</a>以至<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%A3%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="平壤">平壤</a>的醫院。在朝鮮經濟尚未崩潰前,醫療服務得到政府的重視,1955年至1986年間,該國的醫院由285間升至2,401間,診所也由1,020間增至5,644間<sup id="cite_ref-health_care_251-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-health_care-251"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>246<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。人均壽命也由日治時期的38歲躍升到1986年的70歲,<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E7%8E%87" title="死亡率">死亡率</a>由20.8%降至9.8%<sup id="cite_ref-health_care_251-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-health_care-251"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>246<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。其時,民眾主要的死因如<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E8%87%9F%E7%97%85" class="mw-redirect" title="心臟病">心臟病</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%A2%A8" title="中風">中風</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85" class="mw-redirect" title="循环系统疾病">循环系统疾病</a>(45.3%),其次為<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%8C%E7%97%87" title="癌症">癌症</a>(13.9%)和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="消化系统">消化系统疾病</a>(10.4%),因<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E6%9F%93%E7%97%85" title="傳染病">傳染病</a>而死非常少見<sup id="cite_ref-health_care_251-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-health_care-251"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>246<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>但隨著經濟崩潰,朝鮮政府無法支援高昂的醫療開支,令各種的<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%A5%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="藥物">藥物</a>和醫療物資奇缺(設備也長期沒有更新)。<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%A1%9B%E7%94%9F%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" class="mw-redirect" title="世界衛生組織">世界衛生組織</a>的報告就指該國缺乏近七成的基本藥物,當中包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E7%94%9F%E7%B4%A0" title="抗生素">抗生素</a><sup id="cite_ref-252" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-252"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>247<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。其它短缺的物資還有<a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%83%E5%B8%B6" title="繃帶">繃帶</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E6%9C%AF%E5%88%80" title="手术刀">手術刀</a><sup id="cite_ref-253" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-253"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>248<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。這也導致一些本來很容易痊癒的<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E6%9F%93%E7%97%85" title="傳染病">傳染病</a>變得難以甚至無法醫治,病人最終因而死亡。此外,由於缺乏藥物的關係,不少的國民也患有一至兩種的慢性疾病<sup id="cite_ref-254" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-254"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>249<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。因此,朝鮮人的預期壽命下降為69.51歲,全球僅排名第155位<sup id="cite_ref-255" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-255"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>250<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>此外,所阻於持續的糧食短缺,朝鮮人出現了各種的健康問題。至2011年,全國估計約3分之1的兒童面對營養不良的問題<sup id="cite_ref-256" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-256"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>251<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。另一份的研究指,朝鮮18歲的成年男子比韓國的同輩矮5寸,同時全國近45%五歲或以下的兒童正處於營養不良的狀況<sup id="cite_ref-257" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-257"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>252<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。而在<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%AB%E5%8C%97%E8%80%85" title="脫北者">脫北者</a>當中,不少人也患有<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E7%96%B9" title="風疹">風疹</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%AE%E8%85%BA%E7%82%8E" title="腮腺炎">腮腺炎</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E7%96%B9" title="麻疹">麻疹</a>等病<sup id="cite_ref-258" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-258"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>253<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>在衛生方面,朝鮮至今依然有50萬人得不到<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%B2%E7%94%A8%E6%B0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="飲用水">飲用水</a>,這令到人們需走到河邊取<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水">水</a><sup id="cite_ref-259" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-259"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>254<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。然而,由於缺乏電力的關係,該國不少的污水處理廠都無法運作,民眾所需得的水並不夠潔淨<sup id="cite_ref-260" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-260"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>255<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。另外,時至2004年的最新數據,朝鮮只有半數家庭有<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%96%E6%B0%B4%E9%A6%AC%E6%A1%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="沖水馬桶">沖水馬桶</a>(絕大多數是<a href="/wiki/%E8%B9%B2%E5%BB%81" title="蹲廁">蹲廁</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-261" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-261"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>256<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>2022年5月12日,朝鮮首都平壤首次發現了新冠病毒感染病例,屬於奧密克戎(Omicron)BA.2變種病毒。這是自COVID-19全球爆發之後,朝鮮首次報告新冠病毒感染病例。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="住房政策"><span id=".E4.BD.8F.E6.88.BF.E6.94.BF.E7.AD.96"></span>住房政策</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=60" title="编辑章节:住房政策"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:North_Korea-Pyongyang-Buildings_and_passengers-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/North_Korea-Pyongyang-Buildings_and_passengers-01.jpg/220px-North_Korea-Pyongyang-Buildings_and_passengers-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/North_Korea-Pyongyang-Buildings_and_passengers-01.jpg/330px-North_Korea-Pyongyang-Buildings_and_passengers-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/North_Korea-Pyongyang-Buildings_and_passengers-01.jpg/440px-North_Korea-Pyongyang-Buildings_and_passengers-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1504" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>位於<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%A3%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="平壤">平壤</a>的公寓</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chongsan-ri_Farm3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Chongsan-ri_Farm3.jpg/220px-Chongsan-ri_Farm3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Chongsan-ri_Farm3.jpg/330px-Chongsan-ri_Farm3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Chongsan-ri_Farm3.jpg/440px-Chongsan-ri_Farm3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>農村的獨立屋</figcaption></figure> <p>在2002年前,朝鲜政府向國民提供免費的房屋。新婚夫婦只要向政府申請,則可取得面積約50<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%96%B9%E7%B1%B3" title="平方米">平方米</a>以上至200平方米以下的單位,並會取得如衣櫃和桌椅等家具<sup id="cite_ref-江迅2_262-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-江迅2-262"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>257<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。此外,水電也是幾乎免費提供,僅過量時收取象徵性的費用<sup id="cite_ref-江迅2_262-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-江迅2-262"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>257<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。其中,城市人會取得<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%AF%93" title="公寓">公寓</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%92%E5%B1%8B" title="排屋">排屋</a>單位,而農村的則會取得單層的獨立房。 </p><p>為減少政府開支,朝鲜在2002年推行改革方案,把免费分配住房改為租借形式,住房开始出现黑市交易<sup id="cite_ref-Hassig9_263-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hassig9-263"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>258<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。這造成了房屋價格上升,有的居屋有價無市的現象,地下的房屋交易也隨之而出現<sup id="cite_ref-Hassig9_263-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hassig9-263"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>258<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。戶主只要同意就能私下將單位轉售,有的甚至將單位重建出售<sup id="cite_ref-Hassig9_263-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hassig9-263"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>258<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在2007年,平壤的一個單位可值3至4萬<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%9C%93" title="朝鮮圓">圓</a><sup id="cite_ref-264" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-264"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>259<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>根據朝鲜在2008年進行的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5" title="人口普查">人口普查</a>指,全國共有580萬戶家庭,其中357萬戶居於<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82" title="城市">城市</a>,其餘230萬在<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E6%9D%91" class="mw-redirect" title="農村">農村</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%B8%E9%8F%A1%E5%8D%97%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="咸鏡南道">咸鏡南道</a>有最多的城市家庭戶,數目近67萬,農村家庭戶最多的是<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A9%E6%B1%9F%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="兩江道">兩江道</a>,數目為63萬<sup id="cite_ref-Nkorea2008_69-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nkorea2008-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在居所面積方面,七成的家庭單位面積為50至75平方米,只有不足1%的有100平方米以上<sup id="cite_ref-Nkorea2008_69-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nkorea2008-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。此外,多數的家庭戶也有4人居住<sup id="cite_ref-Nkorea2008_69-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nkorea2008-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文化"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.8C.96"></span>文化</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=61" title="编辑章节:文化"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國文化">朝鮮民主主義人民共和國文化</a></div> <p>朝鮮民主主義人民共和國文化基本傳承了古<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮文化">朝鮮文化</a>的特質並帶有較多中華文化色彩,<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮戰爭">朝鮮戰爭</a>以後在政治層面較多金氏家族個人崇拜,但這點與傳統朝鮮半島歷史上的王權體制並無太大衝突所以平順的過渡,然而長期的經濟貧困和國際封閉造成朝鲜較少人民有餘力從事文化活動和創造,諸多較高品質文化作品是政府資源所完成<sup id="cite_ref-265" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-265"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>260<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="教育"><span id=".E6.95.99.E8.82.B2"></span>教育</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=62" title="编辑章节:教育"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國教育">朝鮮民主主義人民共和國教育</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Koryo_Songgyungwan_University.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Koryo_Songgyungwan_University.jpg/220px-Koryo_Songgyungwan_University.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Koryo_Songgyungwan_University.jpg/330px-Koryo_Songgyungwan_University.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Koryo_Songgyungwan_University.jpg/440px-Koryo_Songgyungwan_University.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5312" data-file-height="2988" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E4%B8%BD%E6%88%90%E5%9D%87%E9%A6%86%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="高丽成均馆大学">高丽成均馆大学</a></figcaption></figure> <p>朝鮮自1975年起向國民提供12年制的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%8B%99%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="義務教育">義務教育</a><sup id="cite_ref-江迅_266-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-江迅-266"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>261<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。此外,政府還會向學生免費派發<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E7%A7%91%E6%9B%B8" title="教科書">教科書</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%A6%E5%8C%85" title="书包">書包</a>,如家長不讓子女上學會受到處罪<sup id="cite_ref-江迅_266-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-江迅-266"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>261<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。因此,至1989年,所有的成年人都完成<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%AD%89%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="中等教育">中等教育</a><sup id="cite_ref-267" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-267"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>262<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E7%9B%B2" title="文盲">文盲</a>人口占總人口百分比由75%下降至現在全部識字並均達到中等教育水準;學齡兒童入學率由不足35%上升至現在的100%<sup id="cite_ref-268" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-268"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>263<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。現時,朝鮮的學制為2年<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E5%89%8D%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="學前教育">學前教育</a>、5年<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%AD%B8%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="小學教育">小學教育</a>和6年<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%B8%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="中學教育">中學教育</a><sup id="cite_ref-江迅_266-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-江迅-266"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>261<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>此外,朝鲜教育還有數個特色。首先是該國實行中央統一集中的教育管理體制,國家負責投資和管理各級各類教育部門,中央教育行政部門為教育省,下設政治思想教育局、師範教育局、普通教育指導局、專科學校指導局、大學指導局、廠辦大學指導局、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%97%A5%E6%88%90%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="金日成綜合大學">金日成綜合大學</a>指導局、計畫局、招生局、行政組織局、財政後勤局、教育方法局、科學研究指導局、對外教育局、體育局和經理處。 </p><p>其次,朝鲜的教育有濃厚的政治色彩。學生除了要學習<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E" title="朝鮮語">朝鮮語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="英語">英語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="科學">科學</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="歷史">歷史</a>外,還要花四至八成的時間學習金日成父子的生平事蹟,以及他們提倡的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E9%AB%94%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="主體思想">主體思想</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E5%86%9B%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="先军思想">先軍思想</a><sup id="cite_ref-269" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-269"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>264<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。同時,朝鮮學生自幼被灌輸反美和反日思想。數學課會問「在祖國解放戰爭中,朝鮮人民軍的勇敢叔叔在首場戰爭殺死了265個美帝雜種;在第二場戰爭所殺的雜種數目,較第一場戰爭多了70人。在第二場戰爭殺了多少雜種?一共又殺了多少雜種呢?」<sup id="cite_ref-270" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-270"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>265<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、「3名朝鮮人民軍殺了30名美國士兵,那麼每名人民軍平均殺了多少名美軍?」<sup id="cite_ref-271" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-271"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>266<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>;語文課則要求學生讀殺日軍的文章<sup id="cite_ref-我們最幸福156_272-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-我們最幸福156-272"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>267<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>;音樂課會教導學生唱《射死美國雜種》這類的歌曲<sup id="cite_ref-我們最幸福156_272-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-我們最幸福156-272"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>267<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>還有,該國重視<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="科學教育">科學教育</a>,文史科目也被視為較不重要。在大學入學試中,除「革命史」和外語科,其餘的三份試卷也是<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91" title="理科">理科</a>,分別為<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="數學">數學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="化學">化學</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="物理">物理</a><sup id="cite_ref-Lanʹkov7_273-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lanʹkov7-273"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>268<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。只有成績最出色的學生才能入讀國內知名的學府。 </p><p>朝鮮的<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="高等教育">高等教育</a>可分為<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="大學教育">大學教育</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="學院教育(页面不存在)">學院教育</a>,前者為教授<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="生物">生物</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="物理">物理</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="化學">化學</a>等專門知識,後者為培養<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%B8%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="教師">教師</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%83%E8%A8%88%E5%B8%AB" title="會計師">會計師</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%B8%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="工程師">工程師</a>等專業人才。現時,朝鮮共有300家的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="大學">大學</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2" title="學院">學院</a><sup id="cite_ref-274" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-274"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>269<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。要入讀大學和學院,高中生先要參加大學入學試,成績出眾者才可取得升讀大學或學院的資格,入學率為20%左右<sup id="cite_ref-Lanʹkov7_273-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lanʹkov7-273"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>268<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>目前,朝鲜的高等教育實行4年制本科,大學<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E5%A3%AB" title="學士">學士課程</a>則由4年至6年,以至7年不等<sup id="cite_ref-275" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-275"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>270<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在一學年內,學生要上35<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E6%9C%9F" title="星期">星期</a>的課,每星期的課堂共有30至35<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E6%99%82" class="mw-redirect" title="小時">小時</a><sup id="cite_ref-276" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-276"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>271<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。每個<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%9F" title="學期">學期</a>結束前,學生都需要<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="考試">考試</a>,並以5分為最高,2分為不合格,未能合格的學生要於下學期重考該科目。而完成整個<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E5%A3%AB" title="學士">學士</a>課程後,學生還需參加全國性的考試。考試結束後,學生可按其成績選擇繼續完成<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%A9%E5%A3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="碩士">碩士</a>學位和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%A3%AB" title="博士">博士</a>學位,也可接受政府的安排到不同的單位工作。 </p><p>另外,朝鮮的學生鮮能取得出國留學的機會,所有欲出國讀書的學生也要先得到警察部門的許可<sup id="cite_ref-Lanʹkov7_273-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lanʹkov7-273"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>268<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。目前,能夠出國學習的學生大概有數百人,他們也都是被政府選中的,大部份人在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="中華人民共和國">中華人民共和國</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>學習,也有的到<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a><sup id="cite_ref-277" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-277"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>272<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="宗教"><span id=".E5.AE.97.E6.95.99"></span>宗教</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=63" title="编辑章节:宗教"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國宗教">朝鮮民主主義人民共和國宗教</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pohyon_Temple,_Mount_Myohyang_(5063239771).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Pohyon_Temple%2C_Mount_Myohyang_%285063239771%29.jpg/220px-Pohyon_Temple%2C_Mount_Myohyang_%285063239771%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Pohyon_Temple%2C_Mount_Myohyang_%285063239771%29.jpg/330px-Pohyon_Temple%2C_Mount_Myohyang_%285063239771%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Pohyon_Temple%2C_Mount_Myohyang_%285063239771%29.jpg/440px-Pohyon_Temple%2C_Mount_Myohyang_%285063239771%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1350" /></a><figcaption>位於<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E5%B1%B1%E9%83%A1" title="香山郡">香山郡</a>的普賢寺釋迦塔</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Myogilsang-naegeumgang.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Myogilsang-naegeumgang.jpg/220px-Myogilsang-naegeumgang.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Myogilsang-naegeumgang.jpg/330px-Myogilsang-naegeumgang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Myogilsang-naegeumgang.jpg/440px-Myogilsang-naegeumgang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>位於<a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%99%E9%A6%99%E5%B1%B1" title="妙香山">妙香山</a>的巨型佛像</figcaption></figure> <p>由於<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B%E5%84%92%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="韓國儒學">儒學</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮半島">朝鮮半島</a>的歷史悠久,兩者因而成為了朝鲜的文化的一部份。在2005年時,政府重建一些在韓戰中毀損的佛寺,但觀察者認為這是出於<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E9%81%BA%E7%94%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="文化遺產">文化遺產</a>的考量,而非宗教信仰因素<sup id="cite_ref-278" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-278"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>273<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>同時,雖然<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國社會主義憲法">朝鮮憲法</a>第66條明言所有公民都享有<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1" title="宗教自由">宗教自由</a>,朝鲜官方還表示全國共有10萬名<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92" class="mw-redirect" title="佛教徒">佛教徒</a>、1萬4,000名<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%BE%92" title="基督徒">基督徒</a>(1萬名<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92" class="mw-redirect" title="新教徒">新教徒</a>、4,000名<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教徒">天主教徒</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-279" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-279"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>274<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,在妙香山有普賢佛寺,常用作給外國遊客參觀的景點。在平壤設立了4間教堂(包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E5%BF%A0%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82" class="mw-redirect" title="長忠教堂">長忠教堂</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E8%B0%B7%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82" title="七谷教堂">七谷教堂</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%B3%B3%E5%B2%AB%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82" class="mw-redirect" title="鳳岫教堂">鳳岫教堂</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%A3%A4%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82" class="mw-redirect" title="平壤東正教堂">平壤東正教堂</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-280" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-280"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>275<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。但人權組織「<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%AC%8A%E8%A7%80%E5%AF%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="人權觀察">人權觀察</a>」的調查報告卻指出朝鲜宗教自由受到官方限制和打壓<sup id="cite_ref-281" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-281"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>276<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>历史上,<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99" title="新教">基督新教</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教">天主教</a>曾受到嚴重的打壓,1949年,166名在平壤的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E5%A3%AB" title="修士">修士</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E5%A5%B3" title="修女">修女</a>都被投進集中營,<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%B9%B3%E5%A3%A4%E6%95%99%E5%8C%BA" title="天主教平壤教区">天主教平壤教區</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="主教">主教</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E9%BE%8D%E6%B5%A9" title="洪龍浩">洪龍浩</a>也未能倖免於難<sup id="cite_ref-282" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-282"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>277<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。同時,全國所有的<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82" title="教堂">教堂</a>也被摧毀。國際非營利組織Open Doors指出朝鲜是有史以來迫害基督宗教信仰最嚴重的國家<sup id="cite_ref-283" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-283"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>278<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,至今,共有5萬至7萬名基督徒被拘禁於集中營<sup id="cite_ref-284" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-284"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>279<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參見"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.A6.8B"></span>參見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=64" title="编辑章节:參見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮半島">朝鲜半島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="朝鲜战争">朝鲜战争</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%9F%A9%E9%9D%9E%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E5%8C%BA" title="朝韩非军事区">朝韩非军事区</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" title="朝鮮半島統一問題">朝鮮半島統一問題</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A6%E9%9A%BE%E7%9A%84%E8%A1%8C%E5%86%9B" title="苦难的行军">苦难的行军</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E6%AC%8A" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國人權">朝鮮民主主義人民共和國人權</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E7%BB%91%E6%9E%B6%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98" title="朝鲜绑架日本人问题">朝鲜綁架日本人问题</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%80%8B%E4%BA%BA%E5%B4%87%E6%8B%9C" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國的個人崇拜">朝鮮民主主義人民共和國的個人崇拜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E4%BA%BA%E6%AD%B8%E5%9C%8B%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="在日朝鮮人歸國運動">在日朝鮮人歸國運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%A0%B8%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98" title="朝鲜核问题">朝鲜核问题</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E6%96%B9%E4%BC%9A%E8%B0%88" title="六方会谈">六方会谈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83%E7%94%B2%E7%BA%A7%E8%81%94%E8%B5%9B" title="朝鲜足球甲级联赛">朝鲜足球甲级联赛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%85%E6%B8%B8" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国旅游">朝鮮旅遊</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注释"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8A"></span>注释</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=65" title="编辑章节:注释"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="references-NoteFoot"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">金正恩除了勞動黨總書記和國務委員長外,還擔任<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%85%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%B1%80%E5%B8%B8%E5%8A%A1%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="朝鲜劳动党中央委员会政治局常务委员会">勞動黨中央政治局常務委員</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%85%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%95%BF" title="朝鲜劳动党中央军事委员会委员长">勞動黨中央軍事委員會委員長</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%85%E5%8A%9B%E9%87%8F%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E5%8F%B8%E4%BB%A4%E5%AE%98" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国武装力量最高司令官">武裝力量最高司令官</a>,擁有<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%85%83%E5%B8%85" title="朝鲜元帅">共和國元帥</a>軍銜。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">部分台湾媒體如<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E8%A6%96" class="mw-redirect" title="民視">民視</a>亦稱「北朝鮮」。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">舊三八線為直線,新三八線為曲線,朝鮮獲得<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E7%95%BF%E9%81%93" title="京畿道">京畿道</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E5%9F%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="開城">開城</a>,韓國獲得<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E5%8E%9F%E9%81%93_(%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B)" class="mw-redirect" title="江原道 (韓國)">江原道</a>部分領土</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">各方对有關朝鮮饑荒死亡人數估計的差異極大,由25萬至300萬都有。但最新數據一般估計為50至60萬人。數據來自Goodkind, West, Johnson,<i>A Reassessment of Mortality in North Korea, 1993-2008</i>,華盛頓:U.S. Census Bureau,2011。三位作者研究了朝鲜在1993年及2008年公佈的人口普查,推斷出這個數字。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">朝鮮離開後,會談改名為五方會談。</span> </li> </ol></div> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=66" title="编辑章节:參考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">(简体中文)</span><cite class="citation web"><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-disambig" title="我的国家">我的國家</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://naenara.com.kp/ch/great/constitution.php">社會主義憲法</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-06-03</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160604060436/http://www.naenara.com.kp/ch/great/constitution.php">存档</a>于2016-06-04).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.au=%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6&rft.btitle=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnaenara.com.kp%2Fch%2Fgreat%2Fconstitution.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/ko:%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%EC%9D%B8%EB%AF%BC%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD_%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%ED%97%8C%EB%B2%95_(%EC%A0%9C10%ED%98%B8)" class="extiw" title="s:ko:조선민주주의인민공화국 사회주의헌법 (제10호)">조선민주주의인민공화국 사회주의헌법 (제10호)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-美國國務院-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-美國國務院_6-0"><sup><b>3.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-美國國務院_6-1"><sup><b>3.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Background Note: North Korea". <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E5%8B%99%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="美國國務院">美國國務院</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">張慧智、李敦球:《朝鮮:神秘的東方晨曦之國》. 94</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://csis.org/files/publication/110712_Cordesman_KoreaMilBalance_WEB.pdf">The Korean Military Balance</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111011185007/http://csis.org/files/publication/110712_Cordesman_KoreaMilBalance_WEB.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2011-10-11).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=The+Korean+Military+Balance&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcsis.org%2Ffiles%2Fpublication%2F110712_Cordesman_KoreaMilBalance_WEB.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-#1-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-#1_9-0"><sup><b>6.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-#1_9-1"><sup><b>6.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Country Study 2009, pp. XXXII, 46</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moon-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Moon_10-0"><sup><b>7.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moon_10-1"><sup><b>7.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">William J., Moon. <i>The Origins of the Great North Korean Famine: Its Dynamics and Normative Implications</i>. North Korean Review. Spring 2009, <b>5</b> (1). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/43910265"><span title="JSTOR">JSTOR 43910265</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=The+Origins+of+the+Great+North+Korean+Famine%3A+Its+Dynamics+and+Normative+Implications&rft.au=William+J.%2C+Moon&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=North+Korean+Review&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=5&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43910265&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spoorenberg,_Thomas-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Spoorenberg,_Thomas_11-0"><sup><b>8.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spoorenberg,_Thomas_11-1"><sup><b>8.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Spoorenberg, Thomas; Schwekendiek, Daniel. <i>Demographic Changes in North Korea: 1993–2008</i>. Population and Development Review. 2012, <b>38</b> (1). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0098-7921"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 0098-7921</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1728-4457.2012.00475.x"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1111/j.1728-4457.2012.00475.x</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=Demographic+Changes+in+North+Korea%3A+1993%E2%80%932008&rft.au=Schwekendiek%2C+Daniel&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.aulast=Spoorenberg&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0098-7921&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Population+and+Development+Review&rft.volume=38&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1728-4457.2012.00475.x&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-#2-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-#2_12-0"><sup><b>9.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-#2_12-1"><sup><b>9.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/CoIDPRK/Report/coi-dprk-q-and-a.pdf">QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON THE REPORT OF THE UNITED NATIONS COMMISSION OF INQUIRY ON HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF KOREA</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights: 2. 2014-02-17 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-07-01</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220718020128/https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/CoIDPRK/Report/coi-dprk-q-and-a.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2022-07-18).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=QUESTIONS+AND+ANSWERS+ON+THE+REPORT+OF+THE+UNITED+NATIONS+COMMISSION+OF+INQUIRY+ON+HUMAN+RIGHTS+IN+THE+DEMOCRATIC+PEOPLE%27S+REPUBLIC+OF+KOREA&rft.date=2014-02-17&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=United+Nations+Office+of+the+High+Commissioner+for+Human+Rights&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohchr.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FDocuments%2FHRBodies%2FHRCouncil%2FCoIDPRK%2FReport%2Fcoi-dprk-q-and-a.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ohchr.org-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ohchr.org_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ohchr.org/CH/HRBodies/HRC/CoIDPRK/Pages/ReportoftheCommissionofInquiryDPRK.aspx">朝鲜民主主义人民共和国人权问题调查委员会报告</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E4%BC%9A" title="联合国人权理事会">联合国人权理事会</a>: 346. 2014-02-17 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-07-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211006073547/https://www.ohchr.org/CH/HRBodies/HRC/CoIDPRK/Pages/ReportoftheCommissionofInquiryDPRK.aspx">存档</a>于2021-10-06).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E8%B0%83%E6%9F%A5%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E6%8A%A5%E5%91%8A&rft.date=2014-02-17&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E4%BC%9A&rft.pages=346&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohchr.org%2FCH%2FHRBodies%2FHRC%2FCoIDPRK%2FPages%2FReportoftheCommissionofInquiryDPRK.aspx&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Amnesty_International_2007-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Amnesty_International_2007_14-0"><sup><b>11.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Amnesty_International_2007_14-1"><sup><b>11.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Amnesty_International_2007_14-2"><sup><b>11.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Amnesty_International_2007_14-3"><sup><b>11.3</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070329050950/http://www.amnestyusa.org/countries/north_korea/index.do">Our Issues, North Korea</a>. Human Rights Concerns. 2007 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-08-01</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amnestyusa.org/countries/north_korea/index.do">原始内容</a>存档于2007-03-29).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=Our+Issues%2C+North+Korea&rft.au=Amnesty+International&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Concerns&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnestyusa.org%2Fcountries%2Fnorth_korea%2Findex.do&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-#3-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-#3_15-0"><sup><b>12.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-#3_15-1"><sup><b>12.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2014/country-chapters/north-korea">World Report 2014: North Korea</a>. <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" class="mw-redirect" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-07-01</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140707145323/http://www.hrw.org/world-report/2014/country-chapters/north-korea">存档</a>于2014-07-07).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=World+Report+2014%3A+North+Korea&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Watch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fworld-report%2F2014%2Fcountry-chapters%2Fnorth-korea&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-#4-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-#4_16-0"><sup><b>13.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-#4_16-1"><sup><b>13.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stopnkcrimes.org/bbs/board.php?bo_table=statements&wr_id=54">ICNK welcomes UN inquiry on North Korea report, calls for action</a>. International Coalition to Stop Crimes Against Humanity in North Korea. 2014-02-20 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-07-01</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006073948/http://www.stopnkcrimes.org/bbs/board.php?bo_table=statements&wr_id=54">存档</a>于2014-10-06).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=ICNK+welcomes+UN+inquiry+on+North+Korea+report%2C+calls+for+action&rft.date=2014-02-20&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Coalition+to+Stop+Crimes+Against+Humanity+in+North+Korea&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stopnkcrimes.org%2Fbbs%2Fboard.php%3Fbo_table%3Dstatements%26wr_id%3D54&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-human_rights4-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-human_rights4_17-0"><sup><b>14.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-human_rights4_17-1"><sup><b>14.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-29531969">North Korea defends human rights record in report to UN</a>. BBC News. 2014-10-08 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-10-08</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112172608/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-29531969">存档</a>于2014-11-12).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=North+Korea+defends+human+rights+record+in+report+to+UN&rft.date=2014-10-08&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-29531969&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DPRK_HR_WSPOST-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DPRK_HR_WSPOST_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Taylor, Adam. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2014/04/22/north-korean-state-media-slams-u-n-human-rights-report-because-it-was-led-by-a-gay-man/">North Korea slams U.N. human rights report because it was led by gay man</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. 2014-04-22 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-04-23</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150702141504/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2014/04/22/north-korean-state-media-slams-u-n-human-rights-report-because-it-was-led-by-a-gay-man/">存档</a>于2015-07-02).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=North+Korea+slams+U.N.+human+rights+report+because+it+was+led+by+gay+man&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.date=2014-04-22&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fblogs%2Fworldviews%2Fwp%2F2014%2F04%2F22%2Fnorth-korean-state-media-slams-u-n-human-rights-report-because-it-was-led-by-a-gay-man%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kcna.co.jp-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kcna.co.jp_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140729025304/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2014/201404/news22/20140422-02ee.html">KCNA Commentary Slams Artifice by Political Swindlers</a>. kcna.co.jp. the Korean Central News Agency (KCNA). 2014-04-22 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-08-17</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2014/201404/news22/20140422-02ee.html">原始内容</a>存档于2014-07-29).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=KCNA+Commentary+Slams+Artifice+by+Political+Swindlers&rft.date=2014-04-22&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kcna.co.jp&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kcna.co.jp%2Fitem%2F2014%2F201404%2Fnews22%2F20140422-02ee.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">平聲,參《國語一字多音審訂表》「鮮」字。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">조선민주주의인민공화국 외무성. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.kp/kp/overview/">조선민주주의인민공화국 개관</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-12-08</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191208035232/http://www.mfa.gov.kp/kp/overview/">存档</a>于2019-12-08) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到韩语网页">(韩语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.au=%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%EC%9D%B8%EB%AF%BC%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD+%EC%99%B8%EB%AC%B4%EC%84%B1&rft.btitle=%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%EC%9D%B8%EB%AF%BC%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD+%EA%B0%9C%EA%B4%80&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.kp%2Fkp%2Foverview%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"북괴는 유화정책으로 다룰 집단 아니다!"《올인코리아》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170818010729/https://news.ftv.com.tw/NewsContent.aspx?ntype=class&sno=2017103I02M1">金正恩自詡核武軍事強國 川普嗆瘋了</a>. News.ftv.com.tw. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-09-06</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.ftv.com.tw/NewsContent.aspx?ntype=class&sno=2017103I02M1">原始内容</a>存档于2017-08-18).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E6%81%A9%E8%87%AA%E8%A9%A1%E6%A0%B8%E6%AD%A6%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E5%BC%B7%E5%9C%8B+%E5%B7%9D%E6%99%AE%E5%97%86%E7%98%8B%E4%BA%86&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=News.ftv.com.tw&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.ftv.com.tw%2FNewsContent.aspx%3Fntype%3Dclass%26sno%3D2017103I02M1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mofa.gov.tw/Official/Regions/CountryInfo/167cd5ad-913c-458b-a0d5-9993c200f1c5">朝鮮民主主義人民共和國(北韓)</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20130515102533/http://www.mofa.gov.tw/Official/Regions/CountryInfo/167cd5ad-913c-458b-a0d5-9993c200f1c5">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>),中華民國外交部</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/breakingnews/3151604">聽到金正恩死亡傳言 北韓消息人士爆:部分民眾興高采烈</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200501104654/https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/breakingnews/3151604">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>),自由時報</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ettoday.net/news/20200501/1704319.htm">金正恩若崩逝...專家:北韓軍部為團結可能發動「韓美作戰計畫」</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200527050245/https://www.ettoday.net/news/20200501/1704319.htm">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>),東森新聞雲</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mod.gov.cn/jmsd/2020-10/23/content_4873089.htm">纪念抗美援朝70周年|正义的胜利 和平的胜利 人民的胜利 - 中华人民共和国国防部</a>. www.mod.gov.cn. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-02-19</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201126145450/http://www.mod.gov.cn/jmsd/2020-10/23/content_4873089.htm">存档</a>于2020-11-26).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=%E7%BA%AA%E5%BF%B5%E6%8A%97%E7%BE%8E%E6%8F%B4%E6%9C%9D70%E5%91%A8%E5%B9%B4%EF%BD%9C%E6%AD%A3%E4%B9%89%E7%9A%84%E8%83%9C%E5%88%A9+%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E7%9A%84%E8%83%9C%E5%88%A9+%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E7%9A%84%E8%83%9C%E5%88%A9+-+%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E9%98%B2%E9%83%A8&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.mod.gov.cn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mod.gov.cn%2Fjmsd%2F2020-10%2F23%2Fcontent_4873089.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">麥爾斯《朝鮮人眼中的朝鮮人》. 163-165</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">麥爾斯《朝鮮人眼中的朝鮮人》. 67-71</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-朝鮮人眼中的朝鮮人1-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-朝鮮人眼中的朝鮮人1_30-0"><sup><b>27.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朝鮮人眼中的朝鮮人1_30-1"><sup><b>27.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">麥爾斯《朝鮮人眼中的朝鮮人》. 66</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ifeng1-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ifeng1_31-0"><sup><b>28.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ifeng1_31-1"><sup><b>28.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.ifeng.com/history/gundong/detail_2012_05/21/14688135_0.shtml">凤凰网:中朝关系60年來多次面临重大考驗</a>. News.ifeng.com. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130514185017/http://news.ifeng.com/history/gundong/detail_2012_05/21/14688135_0.shtml">存档</a>于2013-05-14).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=%E5%87%A4%E5%87%B0%E7%BD%91%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%AD%E6%9C%9D%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB60%E5%B9%B4%E4%BE%86%E5%A4%9A%E6%AC%A1%E9%9D%A2%E4%B8%B4%E9%87%8D%E5%A4%A7%E8%80%83%E9%A9%97&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=News.ifeng.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.ifeng.com%2Fhistory%2Fgundong%2Fdetail_2012_05%2F21%2F14688135_0.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_32-0"><sup><b>29.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_32-1"><sup><b>29.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.sina.com.cn/c/sd/2010-12-24/123421700769.shtml">新浪网:中朝關係六十年梳理</a>. News.sina.com.cn. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141213030029/http://news.sina.com.cn/c/sd/2010-12-24/123421700769.shtml">存档</a>于2014-12-13).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=%E6%96%B0%E6%B5%AA%E7%BD%91%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%AD%E6%9C%9D%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E5%85%AD%E5%8D%81%E5%B9%B4%E6%A2%B3%E7%90%86&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=News.sina.com.cn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.sina.com.cn%2Fc%2Fsd%2F2010-12-24%2F123421700769.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_33-0"><sup><b>30.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_33-1"><sup><b>30.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://video.sina.com.cn/v/b/47592216-1616027890.html">日本NHK電視台紀錄片《北朝鲜》</a>. Video.sina.com.cn. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104853/http://video.sina.com.cn/v/b/47592216-1616027890.html">存档</a>于2016-03-04).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%ACNHK%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8F%B0%E7%B4%80%E9%8C%84%E7%89%87%E3%80%8A%E5%8C%97%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E3%80%8B&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Video.sina.com.cn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvideo.sina.com.cn%2Fv%2Fb%2F47592216-1616027890.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eimer, David,《The Emperor Far Away》,紐約:Bloomsbury,2014,第261頁。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-張李1-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-張李1_35-0"><sup><b>32.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張李1_35-1"><sup><b>32.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張李1_35-2"><sup><b>32.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張李1_35-3"><sup><b>32.3</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">張慧智、李敦球。《朝鮮﹕神秘的東方晨曦之國》. 74-75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">麥爾斯《朝鮮人眼中的朝鮮人》. 72</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">AMNESTY INTL, supra note X, at 11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lankov, Andrei ,《The Real North Korea: Life and Politics in the Failed Stalinist Utopia》,紐約:牛津,2014修訂版,第76頁</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">NOLAND, supra note 105, at 3; see also HAGGARD & NOLAND, HUNGER AND HUMAN RIGHTS, supra note 70, at 14; See NOLAND, ROBINSON & WANG, supra note 137, at 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">麥爾斯《朝鮮人眼中的朝鮮人》. 79</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">張慧智、李敦球:《朝鮮:神秘的東方晨曦之國》. 80-84</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">張慧智、李敦球:《朝鮮:神秘的東方晨曦之國》. 98-100</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">張慧智、李敦球:《朝鮮:神秘的東方晨曦之國》. 100-102</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"朝鮮宣布退出六方會談."《<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%8F%AF%E7%A4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="新華社">新華社</a>》14 4 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"North Korea conducts nuclear test". <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>, 2009-04-25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/2010-05-20/1036594584.html">韩国公布天安号军舰遭朝鲜鱼雷击沉证据(图)</a>. 新浪军事_新浪网. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-10-29</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181023120410/http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/2010-05-20/1036594584.html">存档</a>于2018-10-23).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%AC%E5%B8%83%E5%A4%A9%E5%AE%89%E5%8F%B7%E5%86%9B%E8%88%B0%E9%81%AD%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E9%B1%BC%E9%9B%B7%E5%87%BB%E6%B2%89%E8%AF%81%E6%8D%AE%28%E5%9B%BE%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E6%96%B0%E6%B5%AA%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B_%E6%96%B0%E6%B5%AA%E7%BD%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmil.news.sina.com.cn%2F2010-05-20%2F1036594584.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"(URGENT)N. Korea confirms it conducted 3rd nuclear test" YonHapNews 12 2 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"不滿中美新制裁朝鮮廢休戰 命對戰."《<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%8B%E6%9E%9C%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1_(%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF)" title="蘋果日報 (香港)">蘋果日報</a>》6 3 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">TOP. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170906180443/http://www.cna.com.tw/News/aOPL/201308120130-1.aspx">中央社即時新聞 CNA NEWS</a>. Cna.com.tw. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-09-06</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cna.com.tw/News/aOPL/201308120130-1.aspx">原始内容</a>存档于2017-09-06).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.au=TOP&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%A4%BE%E5%8D%B3%E6%99%82%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E+CNA+NEWS&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Cna.com.tw&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cna.com.tw%2FNews%2FaOPL%2F201308120130-1.aspx&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.ifeng.com/world/detail_2013_10/11/30241444_0.shtml">朝鮮官媒:聯邦制度才是最光明正大的民族统一方案</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20131012061024/http://news.ifeng.com/world/detail_2013_10/11/30241444_0.shtml">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>),凤凰网,2013年10月11日</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.ifeng.com/world/special/zhangchengzeluoma/">張成澤被處決</a>. 资讯频道_凤凰网. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-10-29</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190924212853/http://news.ifeng.com/world/special/zhangchengzeluoma/">存档</a>于2019-09-24).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=%E5%BC%B5%E6%88%90%E6%BE%A4%E8%A2%AB%E8%99%95%E6%B1%BA&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E8%B5%84%E8%AE%AF%E9%A2%91%E9%81%93_%E5%87%A4%E5%87%B0%E7%BD%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.ifeng.com%2Fworld%2Fspecial%2Fzhangchengzeluoma%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">王京涛. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opinion.huanqiu.com/opinion_world/2015-12/8263042.html">李敦球:金正恩執政以來,朝鮮經濟為何連增</a>. 评论_环球网. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170906135415/http://opinion.huanqiu.com/opinion_world/2015-12/8263042.html">存档</a>于2017-09-06).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.au=%E7%8E%8B%E4%BA%AC%E6%B6%9B&rft.btitle=%E6%9D%8E%E6%95%A6%E7%90%83%EF%BC%9A%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E6%81%A9%E5%9F%B7%E6%94%BF%E4%BB%A5%E4%BE%86%EF%BC%8C%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E7%82%BA%E4%BD%95%E9%80%A3%E5%A2%9E&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E8%AF%84%E8%AE%BA_%E7%8E%AF%E7%90%83%E7%BD%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopinion.huanqiu.com%2Fopinion_world%2F2015-12%2F8263042.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.ifeng.com/a/20160106/46965849_0.shtml">朝鮮宣布成功進行氫彈試爆 看中美日韓俄英如何表態</a>. 凤凰网. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-10-29</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141313/http://news.ifeng.com/a/20160106/46965849_0.shtml">存档</a>于2018-06-12).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%AE%A3%E5%B8%83%E6%88%90%E5%8A%9F%E9%80%B2%E8%A1%8C%E6%B0%AB%E5%BD%88%E8%A9%A6%E7%88%86+%E7%9C%8B%E4%B8%AD%E7%BE%8E%E6%97%A5%E9%9F%93%E4%BF%84%E8%8B%B1%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E8%A1%A8%E6%85%8B&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E5%87%A4%E5%87%B0%E7%BD%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.ifeng.com%2Fa%2F20160106%2F46965849_0.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%85%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%83%E6%AC%A1%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A">朝鲜劳动党第七次代表大会_维基百科</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-05-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180129225921/https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%85%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%83%E6%AC%A1%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A">存档</a>于2018-01-29).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%85%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%83%E6%AC%A1%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A_%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%259C%259D%25E9%25B2%259C%25E5%258A%25B3%25E5%258A%25A8%25E5%2585%259A%25E7%25AC%25AC%25E4%25B8%2583%25E6%25AC%25A1%25E4%25BB%25A3%25E8%25A1%25A8%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E4%25BC%259A&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">亚太日报评论员朱芹. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sohu.com/a/229166965_125484">朝鮮七屆三中全會,會成為“改革開放”的歷史拐点嗎?</a>. 搜狐新闻. 2018-04-23 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-01-21</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200220123828/https://www.sohu.com/a/229166965_125484">存档</a>于2020-02-20).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E4%B8%83%E5%B1%86%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%A8%E6%9C%83%2C%E6%9C%83%E6%88%90%E7%82%BA%E2%80%9C%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E9%96%8B%E6%94%BE%E2%80%9D%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E6%8B%90%E7%82%B9%E5%97%8E%3F&rft.au=%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%AA%E6%97%A5%E6%8A%A5%E8%AF%84%E8%AE%BA%E5%91%98%E6%9C%B1%E8%8A%B9&rft.date=2018-04-23&rft.genre=article&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sohu.com%2Fa%2F229166965_125484&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">人民网. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://world.people.com.cn/n1/2018/0430/c1002-29958497.html">朝鮮將從5月5日起使用修改後的平壤時間</a>. 新华社. 2018-04-30 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-05-05</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180505205111/http://world.people.com.cn/n1/2018/0430/c1002-29958497.html">存档</a>于2018-05-05).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%B0%87%E5%BE%9E5%E6%9C%885%E6%97%A5%E8%B5%B7%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9%E5%BE%8C%E7%9A%84%E5%B9%B3%E5%A3%A4%E6%99%82%E9%96%93&rft.au=%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E7%BD%91&rft.date=2018-04-30&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworld.people.com.cn%2Fn1%2F2018%2F0430%2Fc1002-29958497.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">搜狐. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sohu.com/a/230508750_118392">朝鮮正式變更標準時間以東9區標準時間為准 朝鮮時間同步</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-05-05</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180505205548/http://www.sohu.com/a/230508750_118392">存档</a>于2018-05-05).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.au=%E6%90%9C%E7%8B%90&rft.btitle=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%AD%A3%E5%BC%8F%E8%AE%8A%E6%9B%B4%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E4%BB%A5%E6%9D%B19%E5%8D%80%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E7%82%BA%E5%87%86+%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sohu.com%2Fa%2F230508750_118392&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-“八大”-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-“八大”_60-0"><sup><b>55.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-“八大”_60-1"><sup><b>55.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">刘阳. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xinhuanet.com/2021-01/11/c_1126968949.htm">金正恩被推举为朝鲜劳动党总书记</a>. 新华社. 2021-01-10 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-01-10</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210111120105/http://www.xinhuanet.com/2021-01/11/c_1126968949.htm">存档</a>于2021-01-11).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.au=%E5%88%98%E9%98%B3&rft.btitle=%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E6%81%A9%E8%A2%AB%E6%8E%A8%E4%B8%BE%E4%B8%BA%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%85%9A%E6%80%BB%E4%B9%A6%E8%AE%B0&rft.date=2021-01-10&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E6%96%B0%E5%8D%8E%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xinhuanet.com%2F2021-01%2F11%2Fc_1126968949.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cn.nytimes.com/asia-pacific/20180612/trump-kim-summit-statement/">美朝首脑峰会联合声明全文</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180612141358/https://cn.nytimes.com/asia-pacific/20180612/trump-kim-summit-statement/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>).亞太.紐約時報中文網.2018年6月12日.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">李大杰. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1637750495815618872&wfr=spider&for=pc">首位现任美国总统踏上朝鲜领土(组图)</a>. 央视新闻. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-01-21</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200222231415/https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1637750495815618872&wfr=spider&for=pc">存档</a>于2020-02-22).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.au=%E6%9D%8E%E5%A4%A7%E6%9D%B0&rft.btitle=%E9%A6%96%E4%BD%8D%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%BB%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E8%B8%8F%E4%B8%8A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E9%A2%86%E5%9C%9F%EF%BC%88%E7%BB%84%E5%9B%BE%EF%BC%89&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E5%A4%AE%E8%A7%86%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbaijiahao.baidu.com%2Fs%3Fid%3D1637750495815618872%26wfr%3Dspider%26for%3Dpc&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kcna.kp/cn/article/q/5a9ffe6e4d6704ac1838b14785365295.kcmsf">朝鲜民主主义人民共和国最高人民会议发布第十三号决议关于朝鲜劳动党第八届中央委员会第九次全体会议扩大会议的报道</a>. 朝鲜中央通讯社. 2024-01-17 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-12-31</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240118212431/http://www.kcna.kp/cn/article/q/5a9ffe6e4d6704ac1838b14785365295.kcmsf">存档</a>于2024-01-18).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE%E5%8F%91%E5%B8%83%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E5%8F%B7%E5%86%B3%E8%AE%AE%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%85%9A%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AB%E5%B1%8A%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%B9%9D%E6%AC%A1%E5%85%A8%E4%BD%93%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE%E6%89%A9%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE%E7%9A%84%E6%8A%A5%E9%81%93&rft.date=2024-01-17&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%80%9A%E8%AE%AF%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kcna.kp%2Fcn%2Farticle%2Fq%2F5a9ffe6e4d6704ac1838b14785365295.kcmsf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20231231001100881?section=nk/index">详讯:朝鲜八届九中全会闭幕 定性韩朝为敌对关系</a>. 韩联社. 2023-12-31 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-01-17</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240117150835/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20231231001100881?section=nk/index">存档</a>于2024-01-17).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=%E8%AF%A6%E8%AE%AF%EF%BC%9A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%85%AB%E5%B1%8A%E4%B9%9D%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%A8%E4%BC%9A%E9%97%AD%E5%B9%95+%E5%AE%9A%E6%80%A7%E9%9F%A9%E6%9C%9D%E4%B8%BA%E6%95%8C%E5%AF%B9%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB&rft.date=2023-12-31&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E9%9F%A9%E8%81%94%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcn.yna.co.kr%2Fview%2FACK20231231001100881%3Fsection%3Dnk%2Findex&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/ch/component/k2/1734442-20231231.htm">南韓譴責北韓推進核計劃 若對南韓用核武金正恩政權將面臨滅亡 - RTHK</a>. 香港電台. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-12-31</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240114131526/https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/ch/component/k2/1734442-20231231.htm">存档</a>于2024-01-14) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(臺灣)网页">(中文(臺灣))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=%E5%8D%97%E9%9F%93%E8%AD%B4%E8%B2%AC%E5%8C%97%E9%9F%93%E6%8E%A8%E9%80%B2%E6%A0%B8%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83+%E8%8B%A5%E5%B0%8D%E5%8D%97%E9%9F%93%E7%94%A8%E6%A0%B8%E6%AD%A6%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E6%81%A9%E6%94%BF%E6%AC%8A%E5%B0%87%E9%9D%A2%E8%87%A8%E6%BB%85%E4%BA%A1+-+RTHK&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E9%9B%BB%E5%8F%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.rthk.hk%2Frthk%2Fch%2Fcomponent%2Fk2%2F1734442-20231231.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-khp-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-khp_66-0"><sup><b>61.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-khp_66-1"><sup><b>61.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span><cite class="citation web">Korean History Project. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070706035307/http://www.koreanhistoryproject.org/Jta/Kr/KrGEO0.htm">Korea - Land of the Morning Calm - Geography</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-16</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.koreanhistoryproject.org/Jta/Kr/KrGEO0.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2007-07-06).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.au=Korean+History+Project&rft.btitle=Korea+-+Land+of+the+Morning+Calm+-+Geography&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.koreanhistoryproject.org%2FJta%2FKr%2FKrGEO0.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span><cite class="citation web">Country Studies. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/north-korea/21.htm">Climate</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-16</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060927145228/http://countrystudies.us/north-korea/21.htm">存档</a>于2006-09-27).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.au=Country+Studies&rft.btitle=Climate&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Fnorth-korea%2F21.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIA-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_68-0"><sup><b>63.00</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_68-1"><sup><b>63.01</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_68-2"><sup><b>63.02</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_68-3"><sup><b>63.03</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_68-4"><sup><b>63.04</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_68-5"><sup><b>63.05</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_68-6"><sup><b>63.06</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_68-7"><sup><b>63.07</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_68-8"><sup><b>63.08</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_68-9"><sup><b>63.09</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_68-10"><sup><b>63.10</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_68-11"><sup><b>63.11</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_68-12"><sup><b>63.12</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%A6%82%E6%B3%81" class="mw-redirect" title="世界概況">世界概況</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kn.html">Korea, North</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%83%85%E5%A0%B1%E5%B1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="中央情報局">中央情報局</a>. 2012年 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-06-13</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150703175031/https://www.cia.gov/Library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kn.html">存档</a>于2015-07-03).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.au=%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%A6%82%E6%B3%81&rft.btitle=Korea%2C+North&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%83%85%E5%A0%B1%E5%B1%80&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Fkn.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nkorea2008-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nkorea2008_69-0"><sup><b>64.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nkorea2008_69-1"><sup><b>64.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nkorea2008_69-2"><sup><b>64.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nkorea2008_69-3"><sup><b>64.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nkorea2008_69-4"><sup><b>64.4</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/North_Korea/Final%20national%20census%20report.pdf">United Nations Statistics Division; 2008 Census of Population of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea conducted on 1–15 October 2008</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110514111837/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/North_Korea/Final%20national%20census%20report.pdf">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>) Retrieved on 2009-03-18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2091rank.html">Infant mortality rate</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180207062332/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2091rank.html">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>) The World Factbook</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2177.html">Median age</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180114011747/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2177.html">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>) The World Factbook</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Report: North Korea world's least democratic nation"《<a href="/wiki/CNN" class="mw-redirect" title="CNN">CNN</a>》19 12 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-朝鮮日報-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-朝鮮日報_73-0"><sup><b>68.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朝鮮日報_73-1"><sup><b>68.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"朝鲜4月修憲刪除共產主義寫入“<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E5%86%9B%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="先军政治">先軍思想</a>” ."《<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1" title="朝鮮日報">朝鮮日報</a>》中文版25 9 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Real_North_Korea-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Real_North_Korea_74-0"><sup><b>69.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Real_North_Korea_74-1"><sup><b>69.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lankov, Andrei . The Real North Korea. Oxford University Press. 13 to 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">(中文)</span><cite class="citation web">韓今玉. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hflib.gov.cn/law/law/falvfagui/XF%20GJF/LWJ/LWJ%201077.htm">朝鮮新修訂憲法簡析</a>. 合肥市圖書館. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-04-28</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927162520/http://www.hflib.gov.cn/law/law/falvfagui/XF%20GJF/LWJ/LWJ%201077.htm">存档</a>于2007-09-27).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.au=%E9%9F%93%E4%BB%8A%E7%8E%89&rft.btitle=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%96%B0%E4%BF%AE%E8%A8%82%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E7%B0%A1%E6%9E%90&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E5%90%88%E8%82%A5%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hflib.gov.cn%2Flaw%2Flaw%2Ffalvfagui%2FXF%2520GJF%2FLWJ%2FLWJ%25201077.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2012-04/11/c_111766998.htm">新华网:金正恩当选朝鲜劳动党第一书记</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-04-11</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120414043628/http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2012-04/11/c_111766998.htm">存档</a>于2012-04-14).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=%E6%96%B0%E5%8D%8E%E7%BD%91%EF%BC%9A%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E6%81%A9%E5%BD%93%E9%80%89%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%85%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%B9%A6%E8%AE%B0&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.xinhuanet.com%2Fworld%2F2012-04%2F11%2Fc_111766998.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"朝修改《十大原則》明文規定“金氏世襲”"《朝鮮日報》12.8.2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fh-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fh_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=22&year=2006&country=6993">Freedom in the World, 2006</a>. Freedom House. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-02-13</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070714213705/http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=22&year=2006&country=6993">存档</a>于2007-07-14).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Freedom+in+the+World%2C+2006&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Freedom+House&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffreedomhouse.org%2Ftemplate.cfm%3Fpage%3D22%26year%3D2006%26country%3D6993&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Barbara Demick and John M. Glionna. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2017052114_kimfamily20.html">Key figures in North Korea's family dictatorship</a>. The Seattle Times. 2011-12-19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=Key+figures+in+North+Korea%27s+family+dictatorship&rft.au=Barbara+Demick+and+John+M.+Glionna&rft.date=2011-12-19&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fseattletimes.nwsource.com%2Fhtml%2Fnationworld%2F2017052114_kimfamily20.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Sheridan, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article2452356.ece">A tale of two dictatorships: The links between North Korea and Syria</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="The Times">The Times</a> (London). 2007-09-16 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-04-09</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100525100455/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article2452356.ece">存档</a>于2010-05-25).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=A+tale+of+two+dictatorships%3A+The+links+between+North+Korea+and+Syria&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.aulast=Sheridan&rft.date=2007-09-16&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Farticle2452356.ece&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"N Korea announces March election."《BBC News》7 1 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">張慧智、李敦球。《朝鮮﹕神秘的東方晨曦之國》. 34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">張慧智、李敦球。《朝鮮﹕神秘的東方晨曦之國》. 36-37</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-国家概况-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-国家概况_84-0"><sup><b>79.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-国家概况_84-1"><sup><b>79.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">中华人民共和国外交部. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/web/gjhdq_676201/gj_676203/yz_676205/1206_676404/1206x0_676406/">朝鲜国家概况</a>. 中华人民共和国外交部. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-03-24</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180324162428/http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/web/gjhdq_676201/gj_676203/yz_676205/1206_676404/1206x0_676406/">存档</a>于2018-03-24).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E6%A6%82%E5%86%B5&rft.au=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E9%83%A8&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E9%83%A8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fmprc.gov.cn%2Fweb%2Fgjhdq_676201%2Fgj_676203%2Fyz_676205%2F1206_676404%2F1206x0_676406%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">張慧智、李敦球。《朝鮮﹕神秘的東方晨曦之國》. 37-38</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">張慧智、李敦球。《朝鮮﹕神秘的東方晨曦之國》. 38</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hassig6-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hassig6_87-0"><sup><b>82.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hassig6_87-1"><sup><b>82.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ralph Hassig,Kongdan Oh. "The Hidden People of North Korea: Everyday Life in the Hermit Kingdom". 204</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/north_korea.htm">Overview of the North Korean Legal System and Legal Research</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20130408053124/http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/north_korea.htm">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>) Patricia Goedde 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hasng-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hasng_89-0"><sup><b>84.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hasng_89-1"><sup><b>84.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hasng_89-2"><sup><b>84.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hasng_89-3"><sup><b>84.3</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ralph Hassig,Kongdan Oh. "The Hidden People of North Korea: Everyday Life in the Hermit Kingdom". 197</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">小牧輝夫,《朝鮮半島開放化するアジアと南北对話》,アジア経済研究所,1986</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">小牧輝夫, 《北朝鮮経済の現状と今後の展望》,関西経済研究センター,1996</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">方燦栄,《岐路に立つ朝鮮民主主義人民共和国》,博英社,1995</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kimura, Mitsuhiko,A Planned Economy Without Planning : Su-ryongs North Korea, Discussion Paper F-081, Faculty of Economics, Tezukayama University,1994</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.ifeng.com/world/200912/1201_16_1457782.shtml">朝鲜为消除贫富悬殊强推货币改革 引发严重混乱_资讯_凤凰网</a>. 资讯_凤凰网. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-10-29</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170814143643/http://news.ifeng.com/world/200912/1201_16_1457782.shtml">存档</a>于2017-08-14).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E4%B8%BA%E6%B6%88%E9%99%A4%E8%B4%AB%E5%AF%8C%E6%82%AC%E6%AE%8A%E5%BC%BA%E6%8E%A8%E8%B4%A7%E5%B8%81%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9+%E5%BC%95%E5%8F%91%E4%B8%A5%E9%87%8D%E6%B7%B7%E4%B9%B1_%E8%B5%84%E8%AE%AF_%E5%87%A4%E5%87%B0%E7%BD%91&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E8%B5%84%E8%AE%AF_%E5%87%A4%E5%87%B0%E7%BD%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.ifeng.com%2Fworld%2F200912%2F1201_16_1457782.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200726095614/http://news.wanjingchina.com/html/53-134/134682.htm">美媒稱朝鲜貨幣改革失敗財政部長朴南基被免職</a>. 萬景新聞. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-03-18</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.wanjingchina.com/html/53-134/134682.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2020-07-26).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=%E7%BE%8E%E5%AA%92%E7%A8%B1%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%97%E8%B2%A1%E6%94%BF%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7%E6%9C%B4%E5%8D%97%E5%9F%BA%E8%A2%AB%E5%85%8D%E8%81%B7&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E8%90%AC%E6%99%AF%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.wanjingchina.com%2Fhtml%2F53-134%2F134682.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-yonhapnews-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-yonhapnews_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chinese.yonhapnews.co.kr/allheadlines/2010/03/18/0200000000ACK20100318001400881.HTML">「負責朝鲜貨幣改革的朝鲜前勞動黨財政部長被槍決」</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E8%81%94%E7%A4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="韩联社">韓聯社</a>. 2010-03-18 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-03-19</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131008080145/http://chinese.yonhapnews.co.kr/allheadlines/2010/03/18/0200000000ACK20100318001400881.HTML">存档</a>于2013-10-08).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=%E3%80%8C%E8%B2%A0%E8%B2%AC%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%89%8D%E5%8B%9E%E5%8B%95%E9%BB%A8%E8%B2%A1%E6%94%BF%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7%E8%A2%AB%E6%A7%8D%E6%B1%BA%E3%80%8D&rft.date=2010-03-18&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchinese.yonhapnews.co.kr%2Fallheadlines%2F2010%2F03%2F18%2F0200000000ACK20100318001400881.HTML&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs. Background Note: North Korea. U.S. Department of State. 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hassig4-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hassig4_98-0"><sup><b>93.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hassig4_98-1"><sup><b>93.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ralph Hassig,Kongdan Oh. "The Hidden People of North Korea: Everyday Life in the Hermit Kingdom". 198</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">HAGGARD & NOLAND, HUNGER AND HUMAN RIGHTS, supra note 70, at 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-我們最幸福42-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-我們最幸福42_100-0"><sup><b>95.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-我們最幸福42_100-1"><sup><b>95.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">芭芭拉•德米克, . 《<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC%E6%9C%80%E5%B9%B8%E7%A6%8F%EF%BC%9A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E7%9A%84%E7%9C%9F%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="我们最幸福:朝鲜人民的真实生活">我們最幸福:朝鲜人民的真實生活</a>》. P.42 Print.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">United Nations Development Program, Millennium Development Goals and the DPRK, retrieved 21 October 21, 2011,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">AMNESTY INT’L, supra note X, at 11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-張李3-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-張李3_103-0"><sup><b>98.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張李3_103-1"><sup><b>98.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張李3_103-2"><sup><b>98.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">張慧智、李敦球。《朝鮮﹕神秘的東方晨曦之國》. 63</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Report on U.S. Humanitarian assistance to North Koreans" United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"UN fears tragedy over North Korean food shortage"《The Guardian》17 4 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"朝鲜嘗試農業改革推廣“分田到戶”"《<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1" title="朝鮮日報">朝鮮日報</a>》中文版25 7 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charles K. Armstrong, . "The Destruction and Reconstruction of North Korea, 1950 - 1960 ." Asia-Pacific Journal.(2012)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://b-29s-over-korea.com/History_of_North_Korea/History-of-North-Korea-1b.html">History of North Korea - Chapter 1b</a>. b-29s-over-korea.com. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-10-29</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181029191613/https://www.b-29s-over-korea.com/History_of_North_Korea/History-of-North-Korea-1b.html">存档</a>于2018-10-29).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=History+of+North+Korea+-+Chapter+1b&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=b-29s-over-korea.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fb-29s-over-korea.com%2FHistory_of_North_Korea%2FHistory-of-North-Korea-1b.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ralph Hassig,Kongdan Oh. "The Hidden People of North Korea: Everyday Life in the Hermit Kingdom". 75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Groups: Most inter-korean business runs badly"《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1_(%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B)" title="中央日報 (韓國)">中央日報</a>》21 6 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Doing business in North Korea still difficult: poll"《The Korea Herald》29 1 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"朝鮮暫時關閉開城工業園區"《<a href="/wiki/BBC_News" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>》8 4 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"韓國「接受」朝鮮就開城園區會談提議"《<a href="/wiki/BBC_News" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>》6 6 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ctv201906-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ctv201906_114-0"><sup><b>109.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ctv201906_114-1"><sup><b>109.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZT4rJ88_kYA">央視官方頻道-朝鮮的足與缺</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-06-30</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201029234046/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZT4rJ88_kYA">存档</a>于2020-10-29).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=%E5%A4%AE%E8%A6%96%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E9%A0%BB%E9%81%93-%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E7%9A%84%E8%B6%B3%E8%88%87%E7%BC%BA&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DZT4rJ88_kYA&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">World Mineral Production British Geological Survey 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">張慧智、李敦球。《朝鮮﹕神秘的東方晨曦之國》. 68</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andreĭ Nikolaevich Lanʹkov. "North of the DMZ: Essays on Daily Life in North Korea". 315-316</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lanʹkov5-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lanʹkov5_118-0"><sup><b>113.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lanʹkov5_118-1"><sup><b>113.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lanʹkov5_118-2"><sup><b>113.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Andreĭ Nikolaevich Lanʹkov. "North of the DMZ: Essays on Daily Life in North Korea". 56</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"It's not all doom and gloom in Pyongyang".《Asia Times》24 9 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ralph Hassig,Kongdan Oh. "The Hidden People of North Korea: Everyday Life in the Hermit Kingdom". 77</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"韩媒称中朝贸易再创记录中国加强对朝货物检查"《<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E7%90%83%E6%97%B6%E6%8A%A5" title="环球时报">環球時報</a>》31 1 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fuel-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fuel_122-0"><sup><b>117.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fuel_122-1"><sup><b>117.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fuel_122-2"><sup><b>117.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">James H. Williams, David Von Hippel, and Peter Hayes "DPRK Briefing Book: Fuel and Famine: Rural Energy Crisis in the DPRK"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bjx.com.cn/html/20150916/664338.shtml">【国际】朝鲜可再生能源发展概况</a>. 北极星风力发电网. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-01-15</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200502111618/http://news.bjx.com.cn/html/20150916/664338.shtml">存档</a>于2020-05-02).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=%E3%80%90%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E3%80%91%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8F%AF%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E6%A6%82%E5%86%B5&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E5%8C%97%E6%9E%81%E6%98%9F%E9%A3%8E%E5%8A%9B%E5%8F%91%E7%94%B5%E7%BD%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bjx.com.cn%2Fhtml%2F20150916%2F664338.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.ifeng.com/history/gundong/detail_2012_05/21/14688135_0.shtml">凤凰网:中朝关系60年来多次面临重大考验</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-10-29</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130514185017/http://news.ifeng.com/history/gundong/detail_2012_05/21/14688135_0.shtml">存档</a>于2013-05-14).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=%E5%87%A4%E5%87%B0%E7%BD%91%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%AD%E6%9C%9D%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB60%E5%B9%B4%E6%9D%A5%E5%A4%9A%E6%AC%A1%E9%9D%A2%E4%B8%B4%E9%87%8D%E5%A4%A7%E8%80%83%E9%AA%8C&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.ifeng.com%2Fhistory%2Fgundong%2Fdetail_2012_05%2F21%2F14688135_0.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://phtv.ifeng.com/program/jqgcs/detail_2012_01/19/12074217_0.shtml">凤凰网:越南获朝鲜300多枚导弹,威胁中国城市</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-10-29</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150206071214/http://phtv.ifeng.com/program/jqgcs/detail_2012_01/19/12074217_0.shtml">存档</a>于2015-02-06).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=%E5%87%A4%E5%87%B0%E7%BD%91%EF%BC%9A%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%8E%B7%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C300%E5%A4%9A%E6%9E%9A%E5%AF%BC%E5%BC%B9%EF%BC%8C%E5%A8%81%E8%83%81%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphtv.ifeng.com%2Fprogram%2Fjqgcs%2Fdetail_2012_01%2F19%2F12074217_0.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"N Korea energy crisis could threaten regime"《<a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a>》15 3 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"North Korea: Nuclear Ambition, Power Shortage"《<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E9%9B%9C%E8%AA%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="國家地理雜誌">國家地理雜誌</a>》20 12 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wordpress1-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wordpress1_128-0"><sup><b>123.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wordpress1_128-1"><sup><b>123.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chaoglobal.wordpress.com/2015/04/26/dprk-2/">外媒:朝鮮長期電力短缺太陽能電池板熱銷 | 瞧.中外</a>. Chaoglobal.wordpress.com. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170929070624/https://chaoglobal.wordpress.com/2015/04/26/dprk-2/">存档</a>于2017-09-29).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=%E5%A4%96%E5%AA%92%EF%BC%9A%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E9%95%B7%E6%9C%9F%E9%9B%BB%E5%8A%9B%E7%9F%AD%E7%BC%BA%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E8%83%BD%E9%9B%BB%E6%B1%A0%E6%9D%BF%E7%86%B1%E9%8A%B7+%26%23124%3B+%E7%9E%A7%EF%BC%8E%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%96&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Chaoglobal.wordpress.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchaoglobal.wordpress.com%2F2015%2F04%2F26%2Fdprk-2%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fco.gov.uk-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fco.gov.uk_129-0"><sup><b>124.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fco.gov.uk_129-1"><sup><b>124.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fco.gov.uk_129-2"><sup><b>124.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fco.gov.uk_129-3"><sup><b>124.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fco.gov.uk_129-4"><sup><b>124.4</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fco.gov.uk_129-5"><sup><b>124.5</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/North_Korea.pdf">About this Collection  - Country Studies  - Digital Collections  - Library of Congress</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-10-29</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/6FXLe34aH?url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/North_Korea.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2013-03-31).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=About+this+Collection+-+Country+Studies+-+Digital+Collections+-+Library+of+Congress&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flcweb2.loc.gov%2Ffrd%2Fcs%2Fprofiles%2FNorth_Korea.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andreĭ Nikolaevich Lanʹkov. "North of the DMZ: Essays on Daily Life in North Korea". 151</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andreĭ Nikolaevich Lanʹkov. "North of the DMZ: Essays on Daily Life in North Korea". 152</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"70% of Households Use Bikes"《Daily NK》30 10 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lanʹkov6-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lanʹkov6_133-0"><sup><b>128.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lanʹkov6_133-1"><sup><b>128.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Andreĭ Nikolaevich Lanʹkov. "North of the DMZ: Essays on Daily Life in North Korea". 156</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andreĭ Nikolaevich Lanʹkov. "North of the DMZ: Essays on Daily Life in North Korea". 157</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul French . "North Korea: The Paranoid Peninsula – A Modern History. 2nd ed." 18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">江迅《朝鮮是個謎》130</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"韓朝南北鐵路列車無限期停止運行"《<a href="/wiki/BBC_News" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>》28 11 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wikipedians "Countries and Territories of the World" 796</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ralph Hassig,Kongdan Oh. "The Hidden People of North Korea: Everyday Life in the Hermit Kingdom". 84</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hassig5-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hassig5_140-0"><sup><b>135.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hassig5_140-1"><sup><b>135.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hassig5_140-2"><sup><b>135.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hassig5_140-3"><sup><b>135.3</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ralph Hassig,Kongdan Oh. "The Hidden People of North Korea: Everyday Life in the Hermit Kingdom". 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://udn.com/news/story/6809/7764853">竟不是中國團!俄羅斯百人旅遊團赴北韓 疫情以來第一批</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=%E7%AB%9F%E4%B8%8D%E6%98%AF%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%98%EF%BC%81%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E7%99%BE%E4%BA%BA%E6%97%85%E9%81%8A%E5%9C%98%E8%B5%B4%E5%8C%97%E9%9F%93+%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E4%BB%A5%E4%BE%86%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%89%B9&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fudn.com%2Fnews%2Fstory%2F6809%2F7764853&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ralph Hassig,Kongdan Oh. "The Hidden People of North Korea: Everyday Life in the Hermit Kingdom". 79</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ralph Hassig,Kongdan Oh. "The Hidden People of North Korea: Everyday Life in the Hermit Kingdom". 80-81</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"中國銀行據報關閉朝鮮外貿銀行帳戶" <a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E9%9B%BB%E5%8F%B0" title="香港電台">香港電台</a>8 5 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/mil_arm_per_percap-military-army-personnel-per-capita">highest percentage of military personnel per capita</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20070217230331/http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/mil_arm_per_percap-military-army-personnel-per-capita">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>) NationMaster. 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soldiering.ru/country/guide2003/army-09.php">Армии стран мира : К</a>. www.soldiering.ru. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-10-29</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170605192507/http://www.soldiering.ru/country/guide2003/army-09.php">存档</a>于2017-06-05).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0+%3A+%D0%9A&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.soldiering.ru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.soldiering.ru%2Fcountry%2Fguide2003%2Farmy-09.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/North_Korea.pdf">Country Profile 2007</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20050226190621/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/North_Korea.pdf">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>), p. 19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"New Threat from N.Korea's 'Asymmetrical' Warfare."《朝鮮日報》. 29 4 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Report on Implementation of 2009 Budget and 2010 Budget".《<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮中央通信">朝鮮中央通信</a>》9 4 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Hyundai Asan Losses From N.Korea Tours Mounting"《<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1" title="朝鮮日報">朝鮮日報</a>》19 4 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">張慧智、李敦球。《朝鮮﹕神秘的東方晨曦之國》. 91</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andreĭ Nikolaevich Lanʹkov. "North of the DMZ: Essays on Daily Life in North Korea". 111-112</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">張慧智、李敦球。《朝鮮﹕神秘的東方晨曦之國》. 91-92</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">張慧智、李敦球。《朝鮮﹕神秘的東方晨曦之國》. 95</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">張慧智、李敦球。《朝鮮﹕神秘的東方晨曦之國》. 98</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_156-0"><sup><b>151.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_156-1"><sup><b>151.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_156-2"><sup><b>151.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kcna.kp/kp/article/q/ac4555c05e45e57a98a86cc12cfc0695.kcmsf">조선민주주의인민공화국 최고인민회의 법령 조선민주주의인민공화국 핵무력정책에 대하여</a>. 朝鲜中央通讯社. 2022-09-08 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-09-09</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220909063522/https://www.kcna.kp/kp/article/q/ac4555c05e45e57a98a86cc12cfc0695.kcmsf">存档</a>于2022-09-09) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到韩语网页">(韩语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%EC%9D%B8%EB%AF%BC%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD+%EC%B5%9C%EA%B3%A0%EC%9D%B8%EB%AF%BC%ED%9A%8C%EC%9D%98+%EB%B2%95%EB%A0%B9+%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%EC%9D%B8%EB%AF%BC%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD+%ED%95%B5%EB%AC%B4%EB%A0%A5%EC%A0%95%EC%B1%85%EC%97%90+%EB%8C%80%ED%95%98%EC%97%AC&rft.date=2022-09-08&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%80%9A%E8%AE%AF%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kcna.kp%2Fkp%2Farticle%2Fq%2Fac4555c05e45e57a98a86cc12cfc0695.kcmsf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://exportcontrol.mofcom.cn/">安理會和KOMID</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2013年6月失效">失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100829104742/http://www.treas.gov/press/releases/js4053.htm">KOMID</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-07-14</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treas.gov/press/releases/js4053.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2010-08-29).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=KOMID&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.treas.gov%2Fpress%2Freleases%2Fjs4053.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101011152107/http://ustreas.gov/press/releases/hp220.htm">KOMID</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-07-14</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ustreas.gov/press/releases/hp220.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2010-10-11).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=KOMID&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fustreas.gov%2Fpress%2Freleases%2Fhp220.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090701001452/http://www.breitbart.com/article.php?id=show_article=1">KOMID與敘利亞</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-07-14</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://breitbart.com/article.php?id=show_article=1">原始内容</a>存档于2009-07-01).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=KOMID%E8%88%87%E6%95%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbreitbart.com%2Farticle.php%3Fid%3Dshow_article%3D1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.free-lebanon.com/lfpNews/2009/June/June3/June3d/June3d.html">KOMID在別的國家</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2013年6月失效">失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voacantonese.com/a/train-crosses-north-korea-border-into-russia-after-arms-report-20221105/6821697.html">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-01-13</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230113074842/https://www.voacantonese.com/a/train-crosses-north-korea-border-into-russia-after-arms-report-20221105/6821697.html">存档</a>于2023-01-13).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voacantonese.com%2Fa%2Ftrain-crosses-north-korea-border-into-russia-after-arms-report-20221105%2F6821697.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.cnn.com/1999/ASIANOW/east/macau.north.korea./index.html">Hap Heng</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2013年6月失效">失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/kim/them/historical.html">Who Are They? - Some Historical Perspective - Kim's Nuclear Gamble - FRONTLINE - PBS</a>. www.pbs.org. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-10-29</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027210705/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/kim/them/historical.html">存档</a>于2018-10-27).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=Who+Are+They%3F+-+Some+Historical+Perspective+-+Kim%27s+Nuclear+Gamble+-+FRONTLINE+-+PBS&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.pbs.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Fpages%2Ffrontline%2Fshows%2Fkim%2Fthem%2Fhistorical.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vorontsov, Alexander. "CURRENT RUSSIA – NORTH KOREA RELATIONS: CHALLENGES AND ACHIEVEMENTS"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://phtv.ifeng.com/program/jqgcs/detail_2012_01/19/12074217_0.shtml">凤凰网:朝鲜自1992年中国与韩国建交后20年来出售给越南300枚导弹威胁中国城市</a>. Phtv.ifeng.com. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150206071214/http://phtv.ifeng.com/program/jqgcs/detail_2012_01/19/12074217_0.shtml">存档</a>于2015-02-06).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=%E5%87%A4%E5%87%B0%E7%BD%91%EF%BC%9A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E8%87%AA1992%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%8E%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD%E5%BB%BA%E4%BA%A4%E5%90%8E20%E5%B9%B4%E6%9D%A5%E5%87%BA%E5%94%AE%E7%BB%99%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97300%E6%9E%9A%E5%AF%BC%E5%BC%B9%E5%A8%81%E8%83%81%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Phtv.ifeng.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphtv.ifeng.com%2Fprogram%2Fjqgcs%2Fdetail_2012_01%2F19%2F12074217_0.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Country Guide". The Washington Post. 26 1 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://china.usembassy-china.org.cn/zh/remarks-by-president-trump-before-cabinet-meeting/">特朗普总统在内阁会议前的讲话</a>. 美国驻华大使馆和领事馆. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-11-21</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201061917/https://china.usembassy-china.org.cn/zh/remarks-by-president-trump-before-cabinet-meeting/">存档</a>于2017-12-01).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97%E6%99%AE%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%9C%A8%E5%86%85%E9%98%81%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE%E5%89%8D%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%B2%E8%AF%9D&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E9%A9%BB%E5%8D%8E%E5%A4%A7%E4%BD%BF%E9%A6%86%E5%92%8C%E9%A2%86%E4%BA%8B%E9%A6%86&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchina.usembassy-china.org.cn%2Fzh%2Fremarks-by-president-trump-before-cabinet-meeting%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncnk.org/resources/briefing-papers/all-briefing-papers/dprk-diplomatic-relations">DPRK Diplomatic Relations, dates of establishment and analysis</a>. Ncnk.org. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140419051757/http://www.ncnk.org/resources/briefing-papers/all-briefing-papers/dprk-diplomatic-relations">存档</a>于2014-04-19) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=DPRK+Diplomatic+Relations%2C+dates+of+establishment+and+analysis&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Ncnk.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncnk.org%2Fresources%2Fbriefing-papers%2Fall-briefing-papers%2Fdprk-diplomatic-relations&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lefigaro.fr/international/2017/09/06/01003-20170906ARTFIG00181-quelles-relations-la-france-entretient-elle-avec-la-coree-du-nord.php">Quelles relations la France entretient-elle avec la Corée du Nord ?</a>. 2017-09-06 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-10-29</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181011044205/http://www.lefigaro.fr/international/2017/09/06/01003-20170906ARTFIG00181-quelles-relations-la-france-entretient-elle-avec-la-coree-du-nord.php">存档</a>于2018-10-11).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Quelles+relations+la+France+entretient-elle+avec+la+Cor%C3%A9e+du+Nord+%3F&rft.date=2017-09-06&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Finternational%2F2017%2F09%2F06%2F01003-20170906ARTFIG00181-quelles-relations-la-france-entretient-elle-avec-la-coree-du-nord.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140315031314/https://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=MY&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=KP&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C">KLM timaticweb</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-11-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=MY&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=KP&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C">原始内容</a>存档于2014-03-15).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=KLM+timaticweb&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timaticweb.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Ftim_website_client.cgi%3FSpecData%3D1%26VISA%3D%26page%3Dvisa%26NA%3DMY%26AR%3D00%26PASSTYPES%3DPASS%26DE%3DKP%26user%3DKLMB2C%26subuser%3DKLMB2C&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.channel8news.sg/news8/mostread/20170217-wld-msia-nkorea/3527156.html">全球仅马来西亚人 免签证入境朝鲜 - 8频道新闻及时事节目</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-10-29</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612162545/https://www.channel8news.sg/news8/mostread/20170217-wld-msia-nkorea/3527156.html">存档</a>于2018-06-12).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E4%BB%85%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E4%BA%BA+%E5%85%8D%E7%AD%BE%E8%AF%81%E5%85%A5%E5%A2%83%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C+-+8%E9%A2%91%E9%81%93%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E5%8F%8A%E6%97%B6%E4%BA%8B%E8%8A%82%E7%9B%AE&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.channel8news.sg%2Fnews8%2Fmostread%2F20170217-wld-msia-nkorea%2F3527156.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Jonathan Loh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180615083238/https://www.businessinsider.my/dr-mahathir-praises-kim-jong-un-new-attitude-decision-trump-world-learn/">Malaysia PM Mahathir says the world can learn from Kim Jong Un’s ‘new attitude’ and decision to meet Trump</a>. Business Insider. 2018-06-12 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-06-15</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.my/dr-mahathir-praises-kim-jong-un-new-attitude-decision-trump-world-learn/">原始内容</a>存档于2018-06-15).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.au=Jonathan+Loh&rft.btitle=Malaysia+PM+Mahathir+says+the+world+can+learn+from+Kim+Jong+Un%E2%80%99s+%E2%80%98new+attitude%E2%80%99+and+decision+to+meet+Trump&rft.date=2018-06-12&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Business+Insider&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.my%2Fdr-mahathir-praises-kim-jong-un-new-attitude-decision-trump-world-learn%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180615111037/https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2018/06/379164/malaysia-japan-hope-successful-us-north-korea-summit">Malaysia, Japan hope for successful US – North Korea summit</a>. Bernama. New Straits Times. 2018-06-12 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-06-15</span>]</span>. 原始内容存档于2018-06-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=Malaysia%2C+Japan+hope+for+successful+US+%E2%80%93+North+Korea+summit&rft.date=2018-06-12&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bernama&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nst.com.my%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2018%2F06%2F379164%2Fmalaysia-japan-hope-successful-us-north-korea-summit&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Praveen Menon; Darren Schuettler. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-malaysia/malaysia-to-reopen-embassy-in-north-korea-mahathir-idUSKBN1J80O2">Malaysia to reopen embassy in North Korea: Mahathir</a>. Reuters. 2018-06-12 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-06-15</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180614224658/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-malaysia/malaysia-to-reopen-embassy-in-north-korea-mahathir-idUSKBN1J80O2">存档</a>于2018-06-14).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.au=Darren+Schuettler&rft.au=Praveen+Menon&rft.btitle=Malaysia+to+reopen+embassy+in+North+Korea%3A+Mahathir&rft.date=2018-06-12&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Reuters&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-northkorea-malaysia%2Fmalaysia-to-reopen-embassy-in-north-korea-mahathir-idUSKBN1J80O2&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://udn.com/news/story/6809/5328739">不爽公民被引渡至美國 北韓怒與馬來西亞斷交</a>. 聯合新聞網. 2021-03-19 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-03-19</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210324221411/https://udn.com/news/story/6809/5328739">存档</a>于2021-03-24) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(繁體)网页">(中文(繁體))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%8D%E7%88%BD%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E8%A2%AB%E5%BC%95%E6%B8%A1%E8%87%B3%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B+%E5%8C%97%E9%9F%93%E6%80%92%E8%88%87%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E6%96%B7%E4%BA%A4&rft.date=2021-03-19&rft.genre=article&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fudn.com%2Fnews%2Fstory%2F6809%2F5328739&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rfi.fr/cn/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%8A%A5%E9%81%93/20220713-%E5%8C%97%E9%9F%A9%E6%89%BF%E8%AE%A4%E4%B9%8C%E4%B8%9C%E5%88%86%E7%A6%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B-%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E5%AE%A3%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AD%E4%BA%A4%E5%B9%B6%E8%B0%B4%E8%B4%A3">北韩承认乌东分离主义地区独立 乌克兰宣布断交并谴责</a>. 法国国际广播电台. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-07-14</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220820104029/https://www.rfi.fr/cn/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%8A%A5%E9%81%93/20220713-%E5%8C%97%E9%9F%A9%E6%89%BF%E8%AE%A4%E4%B9%8C%E4%B8%9C%E5%88%86%E7%A6%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B-%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E5%AE%A3%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AD%E4%BA%A4%E5%B9%B6%E8%B0%B4%E8%B4%A3">存档</a>于2022-08-20).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=%E5%8C%97%E9%9F%A9%E6%89%BF%E8%AE%A4%E4%B9%8C%E4%B8%9C%E5%88%86%E7%A6%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B+%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E5%AE%A3%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AD%E4%BA%A4%E5%B9%B6%E8%B0%B4%E8%B4%A3&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%B9%BF%E6%92%AD%E7%94%B5%E5%8F%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rfi.fr%2Fcn%2F%25E5%259B%25BD%25E9%2599%2585%25E6%258A%25A5%25E9%2581%2593%2F20220713-%25E5%258C%2597%25E9%259F%25A9%25E6%2589%25BF%25E8%25AE%25A4%25E4%25B9%258C%25E4%25B8%259C%25E5%2588%2586%25E7%25A6%25BB%25E4%25B8%25BB%25E4%25B9%2589%25E5%259C%25B0%25E5%258C%25BA%25E7%258B%25AC%25E7%25AB%258B-%25E4%25B9%258C%25E5%2585%258B%25E5%2585%25B0%25E5%25AE%25A3%25E5%25B8%2583%25E6%2596%25AD%25E4%25BA%25A4%25E5%25B9%25B6%25E8%25B0%25B4%25E8%25B4%25A3&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lanʹkov-178"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lanʹkov_178-0"><sup><b>173.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lanʹkov_178-1"><sup><b>173.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Andreĭ Nikolaevich Lanʹkov. "North of the DMZ: Essays on Daily Life in North Korea". 66-67</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hassig1-198-179"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hassig1-198_179-0"><sup><b>174.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hassig1-198_179-1"><sup><b>174.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ralph Hassig, Kongdan Oh. "The Hidden People of North Korea: Everyday Life in the Hermit Kingdom". 198</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andreĭ Nikolaevich Lanʹkov. "North of the DMZ: Essays on Daily Life in North Korea". 68</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ralph Hassig,Kongdan Oh. "The Hidden People of North Korea: Everyday Life in the Hermit Kingdom". 202-204</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ralph Hassig,Kongdan Oh. "The Hidden People of North Korea: Everyday Life in the Hermit Kingdom". 199-202</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lanʹkov1-183"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lanʹkov1_183-0"><sup><b>178.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lanʹkov1_183-1"><sup><b>178.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Andreĭ Nikolaevich Lanʹkov. "North of the DMZ: Essays on Daily Life in North Korea". 69</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hassig1-130-184"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hassig1-130_184-0"><sup><b>179.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hassig1-130_184-1"><sup><b>179.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ralph Hassig, Kongdan Oh. "The Hidden People of North Korea: Everyday Life in the Hermit Kingdom". 130</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">姜赫及菲利普.格蘭傑羅,《這就是天堂:我的朝鲜童年》 111</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Demick, Barbara 《Nothing to Envy》 54</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-自由之家-187"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-自由之家_187-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Concentrations of Inhumanity(p. 40–44)". <a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B9%8B%E5%AE%B6" title="自由之家">自由之家</a>, 2007年5月.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA24/001/2011/en/2671e54f-1cd1-46c1-96f1-6a463efa6f65/asa240012011en.pdf"><span style="padding-left:0.2em;">"</span>North Korea: Political Prison Camps".</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-06-25</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120309142353/http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA24/001/2011/en/2671e54f-1cd1-46c1-96f1-6a463efa6f65/asa240012011en.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2012-03-09).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=%22North+Korea%3A+Political+Prison+Camps%22.&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnesty.org%2Fen%2Flibrary%2Fasset%2FASA24%2F001%2F2011%2Fen%2F2671e54f-1cd1-46c1-96f1-6a463efa6f65%2Fasa240012011en.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Human Rights Groups Call on UN Over N.Korea Gulag". The Chosunilbo, 4 4, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R. J. Rummel (1997)<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.CHAP10.HTM">Statistics Of North Korean Democide: Estimates, Calculations, And Sources, Statistics of Democide</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20171203123703/http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.CHAP10.HTM">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/zh-hans/report/2018/11/01/323617">“你会在夜里莫名哭泣”:朝鲜女性普受性暴力侵袭</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%AC%8A%E8%A7%80%E5%AF%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="人權觀察">人權觀察</a>. 2018-11-01 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-07-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211224075232/https://www.hrw.org/zh-hans/report/2018/11/01/323617">存档</a>于2021-12-24) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=%E2%80%9C%E4%BD%A0%E4%BC%9A%E5%9C%A8%E5%A4%9C%E9%87%8C%E8%8E%AB%E5%90%8D%E5%93%AD%E6%B3%A3%E2%80%9D%EF%BC%9A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E6%99%AE%E5%8F%97%E6%80%A7%E6%9A%B4%E5%8A%9B%E4%BE%B5%E8%A2%AD&rft.date=2018-11-01&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E4%BA%BA%E6%AC%8A%E8%A7%80%E5%AF%9F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fzh-hans%2Freport%2F2018%2F11%2F01%2F323617&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">譯者:盧映孜; 核稿:蔡佳敏. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/201811010215.aspx">北韓婦女暗夜哭泣 報告揭警察官員強暴成日常</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%A4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="中央社">中央社</a>. 2018-11-01 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-07-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211224075239/https://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/201811010215.aspx">存档</a>于2021-12-24) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(臺灣)网页">(中文(臺灣))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=%E5%8C%97%E9%9F%93%E5%A9%A6%E5%A5%B3%E6%9A%97%E5%A4%9C%E5%93%AD%E6%B3%A3+%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A%E6%8F%AD%E8%AD%A6%E5%AF%9F%E5%AE%98%E5%93%A1%E5%BC%B7%E6%9A%B4%E6%88%90%E6%97%A5%E5%B8%B8&rft.au=%E6%A0%B8%E7%A8%BF%EF%BC%9A%E8%94%A1%E4%BD%B3%E6%95%8F&rft.au=%E8%AD%AF%E8%80%85%EF%BC%9A%E7%9B%A7%E6%98%A0%E5%AD%9C&rft.date=2018-11-01&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cna.com.tw%2Fnews%2Ffirstnews%2F201811010215.aspx&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">芭芭拉.德米克《<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%91%E5%80%91%E6%9C%80%E5%B9%B8%E7%A6%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="我們最幸福">我們最幸福</a>》324</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Jung, Ha-won. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2014/01/13/2003581169/1">Hyperbole, sensationalism and surreal stories about North Korea</a>. <a href="/wiki/Taipei_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Taipei Times">Taipei Times</a>. 2014-01-13 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-10-05</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160630024950/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2014/01/13/2003581169/1">存档</a>于2016-06-30).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=Hyperbole%2C+sensationalism+and+surreal+stories+about+North+Korea&rft.aufirst=Ha-won&rft.aulast=Jung&rft.date=2014-01-13&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taipeitimes.com%2FNews%2Feditorials%2Farchives%2F2014%2F01%2F13%2F2003581169%2F1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Taylor-195"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Taylor_195-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Taylor, Adam. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.com/did-kim-jong-un-execute-his-ex-girlfriend-2013-8">Why You Shouldn't Necessarily Trust Those Reports Of Kim Jong-un Executing His Ex-Girlfriend</a>. businessinsider.com. <a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" class="mw-redirect" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a>. 2013-08-29 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-01-19</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140119050406/http://www.businessinsider.com/did-kim-jong-un-execute-his-ex-girlfriend-2013-8">存档</a>于2014-01-19).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=Why+You+Shouldn%27t+Necessarily+Trust+Those+Reports+Of+Kim+Jong-un+Executing+His+Ex-Girlfriend&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.date=2013-08-29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=businessinsider.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fdid-kim-jong-un-execute-his-ex-girlfriend-2013-8&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lanʹkov2-196"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lanʹkov2_196-0"><sup><b>191.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lanʹkov2_196-1"><sup><b>191.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lanʹkov2_196-2"><sup><b>191.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lanʹkov2_196-3"><sup><b>191.3</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Andreĭ Nikolaevich Lanʹkov. "North of the DMZ: Essays on Daily Life in North Korea". 98-100</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">李古樂《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%A3%A4%E6%B0%B4%E6%97%8F%E9%A4%A8" title="平壤水族館">平壤水族館</a>》197-198</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"中央控制鬆懈朝鮮吸毒、性交易氾濫"《朝鮮日報》19.82013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andreĭ Nikolaevich Lanʹkov. "North of the DMZ: Essays on Daily Life in North Korea". 137-140</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Meagre media for North Koreans"《<a href="/wiki/BBC_News" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>》10 10 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.rsf.org/press-freedom-index-2013,1054.html">2013 World Press Freedom Index: Dashed hopes after spring</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20130215183842/http://en.rsf.org/press-freedom-index-2013,1054.html">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)無國界記者2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lanʹkov4-202"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lanʹkov4_202-0"><sup><b>197.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lanʹkov4_202-1"><sup><b>197.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lanʹkov4_202-2"><sup><b>197.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lanʹkov4_202-3"><sup><b>197.3</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Andreĭ Nikolaevich Lanʹkov. "North of the DMZ: Essays on Daily Life in North Korea". 59</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">江迅《朝鮮是個謎》204</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-朝鲜电视-204"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-朝鲜电视_204-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://v.ifeng.com/news/society/2014001/017466ae-399d-4670-bc00-9f44fa4bec39.shtml">朝鲜人看电视都看什么?</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-10-29</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171025072100/http://v.ifeng.com/news/society/2014001/017466ae-399d-4670-bc00-9f44fa4bec39.shtml">存档</a>于2017-10-25).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E4%BA%BA%E7%9C%8B%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86%E9%83%BD%E7%9C%8B%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%EF%BC%9F&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fv.ifeng.com%2Fnews%2Fsociety%2F2014001%2F017466ae-399d-4670-bc00-9f44fa4bec39.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nicovideo.jp/watch/sm7847309">北朝鮮のビールCM</a>. <a href="/wiki/Niconico%E5%8A%A8%E7%94%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="Niconico动画">Niconico动画</a>. 2009-08-05 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-01-22</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201029234053/https://www.nicovideo.jp/watch/sm7847309">存档</a>于2020-10-29) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=%E5%8C%97%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E3%81%AE%E3%83%93%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%EF%BC%A3%EF%BC%AD&rft.date=2009-08-05&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Niconico%E5%8A%A8%E7%94%BB&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nicovideo.jp%2Fwatch%2Fsm7847309&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/realtime/art_main.php?iss_id=20090703&sec_id=10793140&art_id=12949177">朝鲜播出商業味濃廣告</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20120309074139/http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/realtime/art_main.php?iss_id=20090703&sec_id=10793140&art_id=12949177">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)《<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%8B%E6%9E%9C%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1_(%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF)" title="蘋果日報 (香港)">蘋果日報</a>》3 7 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cnnews.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2009/11/09/20091109000011.html">金正日發怒朝鲜電視廣告被叫停</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20160305000818/http://cnnews.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2009/11/09/20091109000011.html">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)朝鮮日報記者安勇炫9 11 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ralph Hassig,Kongdan Oh. "The Hidden People of North Korea: Everyday Life in the Hermit Kingdom". 143</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andreĭ Nikolaevich Lanʹkov. "North of the DMZ: Essays on Daily Life in North Korea". 50</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andreĭ Nikolaevich Lanʹkov. "North of the DMZ: Essays on Daily Life in North Korea". 51</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hassig7-211"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hassig7_211-0"><sup><b>206.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hassig7_211-1"><sup><b>206.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hassig7_211-2"><sup><b>206.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hassig7_211-3"><sup><b>206.3</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ralph Hassig,Kongdan Oh. "The Hidden People of North Korea: Everyday Life in the Hermit Kingdom". 135</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/breakingnews/2347189">國際制裁買不到紙 北韓官報發行量只剩1/3</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-02-04</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240204073942/https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/breakingnews/2347189">存档</a>于2024-02-04).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%88%B6%E8%A3%81%E8%B2%B7%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%B0%E7%B4%99+%E5%8C%97%E9%9F%93%E5%AE%98%E5%A0%B1%E7%99%BC%E8%A1%8C%E9%87%8F%E5%8F%AA%E5%89%A91%2F3&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.ltn.com.tw%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fbreakingnews%2F2347189&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E5%BC%B5%E6%88%90%E6%BE%A4%E6%AD%BB%E5%BE%8C-%E5%82%B3%E5%8C%97%E9%9F%93%E5%AE%98%E5%AA%92%E5%88%AA%E8%88%8A%E6%96%87-080502640.html">張成澤死後 傳北韓官媒刪舊文</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-02-04</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240204073944/https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E5%BC%B5%E6%88%90%E6%BE%A4%E6%AD%BB%E5%BE%8C-%E5%82%B3%E5%8C%97%E9%9F%93%E5%AE%98%E5%AA%92%E5%88%AA%E8%88%8A%E6%96%87-080502640.html">存档</a>于2024-02-04).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=%E5%BC%B5%E6%88%90%E6%BE%A4%E6%AD%BB%E5%BE%8C+%E5%82%B3%E5%8C%97%E9%9F%93%E5%AE%98%E5%AA%92%E5%88%AA%E8%88%8A%E6%96%87&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftw.news.yahoo.com%2F%25E5%25BC%25B5%25E6%2588%2590%25E6%25BE%25A4%25E6%25AD%25BB%25E5%25BE%258C-%25E5%2582%25B3%25E5%258C%2597%25E9%259F%2593%25E5%25AE%2598%25E5%25AA%2592%25E5%2588%25AA%25E8%2588%258A%25E6%2596%2587-080502640.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://world.kbs.co.kr/service/contents_view.htm?lang=c&board_seq=384805">北韩的报纸</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-02-04</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240204073942/http://world.kbs.co.kr/service/contents_view.htm?lang=c&board_seq=384805">存档</a>于2024-02-04).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=%E5%8C%97%E9%9F%A9%E7%9A%84%E6%8A%A5%E7%BA%B8&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworld.kbs.co.kr%2Fservice%2Fcontents_view.htm%3Flang%3Dc%26board_seq%3D384805&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hassig136-215"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hassig136_215-0"><sup><b>210.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hassig136_215-1"><sup><b>210.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hassig136_215-2"><sup><b>210.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ralph Hassig,Kongdan Oh. "The Hidden People of North Korea: Everyday Life in the Hermit Kingdom". 136</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ralph Hassig,Kongdan Oh. "The Hidden People of North Korea: Everyday Life in the Hermit Kingdom". 137</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-新華網-217"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-新華網_217-0"><sup><b>212.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-新華網_217-1"><sup><b>212.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131215133124/http://big5.citygf.com/news/News_001010/201301/t20130122_4127238.html">朝鮮高麗電信用戶超180萬手機普及率接近10%</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-06-14</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://big5.citygf.com/news/News_001010/201301/t20130122_4127238.html">原始内容</a>存档于2013-12-15).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E9%AB%98%E9%BA%97%E9%9B%BB%E4%BF%A1%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B6%E8%B6%85180%E8%90%AC%E6%89%8B%E6%A9%9F%E6%99%AE%E5%8F%8A%E7%8E%87%E6%8E%A5%E8%BF%9110%EF%BC%85&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbig5.citygf.com%2Fnews%2FNews_001010%2F201301%2Ft20130122_4127238.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinareviewnews.com/doc/1010/9/9/6/101099678.html?coluid=143&kindid=5255&docid=101099678&mdate=1018095125">朝鮮軟體先進 平壤家家有電腦</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20160308113235/http://www.chinareviewnews.com/doc/1010/9/9/6/101099678.html?coluid=143&kindid=5255&docid=101099678&mdate=1018095125">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)《中國評論網》12 10 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">江迅《朝鮮是個謎》186</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hassig145-220"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hassig145_220-0"><sup><b>215.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hassig145_220-1"><sup><b>215.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ralph Hassig,Kongdan Oh. "The Hidden People of North Korea: Everyday Life in the Hermit Kingdom". 145</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170627064550/http://www.internetworldstats.com/asia/kp.htm">North Korea-Internet usage、broadband and telecommunications reports</a>. Internet World Stats. 2010-06-24 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-03-14</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.internetworldstats.com/asia/kp.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2017-06-27) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=North+Korea-Internet+usage%E3%80%81broadband+and+telecommunications+reports&rft.date=2010-06-24&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Internet+World+Stats&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.internetworldstats.com%2Fasia%2Fkp.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.sina.com.cn/w/2005-01-06/13555446766.shtml">感受朝鮮互聯網:整個平壤只有兩個網吧</a>. 新浪. 2005-01-06 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-02-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080321143910/http://news.sina.com.cn/w/2005-01-06/13555446766.shtml">存档</a>于2008-03-21).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=%E6%84%9F%E5%8F%97%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E4%BA%92%E8%81%AF%E7%B6%B2%EF%BC%9A%E6%95%B4%E5%80%8B%E5%B9%B3%E5%A3%A4%E5%8F%AA%E6%9C%89%E5%85%A9%E5%80%8B%E7%B6%B2%E5%90%A7&rft.date=2005-01-06&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.sina.com.cn%2Fw%2F2005-01-06%2F13555446766.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.instagram.com/p/WJHxUNOCkm/">Jean Lee on Instagram: “Signs like this welcoming #nuclear test scientists have gone up around #Pyongyang #nkorea”</a>. Instagram. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-10-29</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171115235731/https://www.instagram.com/p/WJHxUNOCkm/">存档</a>于2017-11-15).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=Jean+Lee+on+Instagram%3A+%E2%80%9CSigns+like+this+welcoming+%23nuclear+test+scientists+have+gone+up+around+%23Pyongyang+%23nkorea%E2%80%9D&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Instagram&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.instagram.com%2Fp%2FWJHxUNOCkm%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/newsjean/status/305881828118642688">Jean H. Lee on Twitter</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-10-29</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180323171251/https://twitter.com/newsjean/status/305881828118642688">存档</a>于2018-03-23).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Jean+H.+Lee+on+Twitter&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Fnewsjean%2Fstatus%2F305881828118642688&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.worldbank.org/country/korea-democratic-republic">Korea, Dem. People’s Rep. - Data</a>. 世界銀行. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-10-29</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160821153827/http://data.worldbank.org/country/korea-democratic-republic">存档</a>于2016-08-21).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=Korea%2C+Dem.+People%E2%80%99s+Rep.+-+Data&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%8A%80%E8%A1%8C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Fcountry%2Fkorea-democratic-republic&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://c.m.163.com/news/a/HB275B3K0542AYEJ.html">一万人民币在朝鲜有多大购买力?一个去旅行了5天的中国人描述</a>. c.m.163.com. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-12-05</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221205164755/https://c.m.163.com/news/a/HB275B3K0542AYEJ.html">存档</a>于2022-12-05) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文网页">(中文)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=%E2%80%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%87%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%B8%81%E5%9C%A8%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%9C%89%E5%A4%9A%E5%A4%A7%E8%B4%AD%E4%B9%B0%E5%8A%9B%EF%BC%9F%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E5%8E%BB%E6%97%85%E8%A1%8C%E4%BA%865%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%8F%8F%E8%BF%B0&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=c.m.163.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fc.m.163.com%2Fnews%2Fa%2FHB275B3K0542AYEJ.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ralph Hassig,Kongdan Oh. "The Hidden People of North Korea: Everyday Life in the Hermit Kingdom". 115</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ralph Hassig, Kongdan Oh. "The Hidden People of North Korea: Everyday Life in the Hermit Kingdom". 102-103</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andreĭ Nikolaevich Lanʹkov. "North of the DMZ: Essays on Daily Life in North Korea". 109-110</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andreĭ Nikolaevich Lanʹkov. "North of the DMZ: Essays on Daily Life in North Korea". 115-116</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hassig2-231"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hassig2_231-0"><sup><b>226.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hassig2_231-1"><sup><b>226.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hassig2_231-2"><sup><b>226.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ralph Hassig,Kongdan Oh. "The Hidden People of North Korea: Everyday Life in the Hermit Kingdom". 97</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/north-korea/35.htm">North Korea - The Role of Women</a>. countrystudies.us. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-10-29</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161103012705/http://countrystudies.us/north-korea/35.htm">存档</a>于2016-11-03).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=North+Korea+-+The+Role+of+Women&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=countrystudies.us&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Fnorth-korea%2F35.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-afi-233"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-afi_233-0"><sup><b>228.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-afi_233-1"><sup><b>228.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">第一金融网:韩国国民大学美国籍教授兰科夫(Andrei Lankov):朝鲜妇女穿裤子(当家). 华尔街日报. 2010-04-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E7%BD%91%EF%BC%9A%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E7%B1%8D%E6%95%99%E6%8E%88%E5%85%B0%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB%EF%BC%88Andrei+Lankov%EF%BC%89%EF%BC%9A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%A6%87%E5%A5%B3%E7%A9%BF%E8%A3%A4%E5%AD%90%EF%BC%88%E5%BD%93%E5%AE%B6%EF%BC%89&rft.date=2010-04-21&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E5%8D%8E%E5%B0%94%E8%A1%97%E6%97%A5%E6%8A%A5&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The World's Women 2010" <a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="聯合國">聯合國</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andreĭ Nikolaevich Lanʹkov. "North of the DMZ: Essays on Daily Life in North Korea". 109</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andreĭ Nikolaevich Lanʹkov. "North of the DMZ: Essays on Daily Life in North Korea". 103</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andreĭ Nikolaevich Lanʹkov. "North of the DMZ: Essays on Daily Life in North Korea". 153</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Demick, Barbara 《Nothing to Envy》 14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andreĭ Nikolaevich Lanʹkov. "North of the DMZ: Essays on Daily Life in North Korea". 141</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andreĭ Nikolaevich Lanʹkov. "North of the DMZ: Essays on Daily Life in North Korea". 75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ralph Hassig,Kongdan Oh. "The Hidden People of North Korea: Everyday Life in the Hermit Kingdom". 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">申東赫。《逃出14號勞改營》. 178</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andreĭ Nikolaevich Lanʹkov. "North of the DMZ: Essays on Daily Life in North Korea". 313</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northkoreatech.org/2012/05/13/north-koreans-gaining-more-access-to-foreign-media-says-report/">North Koreans gaining more access to foreign media, says report</a>. 2012-05-12 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-10-29</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181127143657/http://www.northkoreatech.org/2012/05/13/north-koreans-gaining-more-access-to-foreign-media-says-report/">存档</a>于2018-11-27).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=North+Koreans+gaining+more+access+to+foreign+media%2C+says+report&rft.date=2012-05-12&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northkoreatech.org%2F2012%2F05%2F13%2Fnorth-koreans-gaining-more-access-to-foreign-media-says-report%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ralph Hassig,Kongdan Oh. "The Hidden People of North Korea: Everyday Life in the Hermit Kingdom". 153</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"偷看南韓電視劇 朝鮮千人坐牢"《<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8A%E6%97%A5%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E7%B6%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="今日新聞網">今日新聞</a>》12 6 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-走私-247"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-走私_247-0"><sup><b>242.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-走私_247-1"><sup><b>242.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ent.qq.com/a/20131112/002859.htm?pgv_ref=aio2012&ptlang=2052">朝鮮數十人因觀賞走私進口的韓劇遭槍決</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-03-02</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140305160828/http://ent.qq.com/a/20131112/002859.htm?pgv_ref=aio2012&ptlang=2052">存档</a>于2014-03-05).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%95%B8%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%BA%E5%9B%A0%E8%A7%80%E8%B3%9E%E8%B5%B0%E7%A7%81%E9%80%B2%E5%8F%A3%E7%9A%84%E9%9F%93%E5%8A%87%E9%81%AD%E6%A7%8D%E6%B1%BA&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fent.qq.com%2Fa%2F20131112%2F002859.htm%3Fpgv_ref%3Daio2012%26ptlang%3D2052&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">麥爾斯《朝鮮人眼中的朝鮮人》. 81-83</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.qq.com/a/20140228/013170.htm?pgv_ref=aio2012&">揭秘朝鲜扫黄:政府紧急断电挨家挨户查光盘</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">陳雅蘭. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hk.news.yahoo.com/%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E6%81%A9%E7%B5%84%E6%AD%A1%E6%A8%82%E7%B5%84-%E7%BE%8E%E5%A5%B3%E9%A9%97%E8%BA%AB%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B%E6%9B%9D%E5%85%89-112000059.html">金正恩組歡樂組 美女驗身過程曝光</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo!新聞">Yahoo!新聞</a>. 2021-11-22 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-11-25</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125130535/https://hk.news.yahoo.com/%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E6%81%A9%E7%B5%84%E6%AD%A1%E6%A8%82%E7%B5%84-%E7%BE%8E%E5%A5%B3%E9%A9%97%E8%BA%AB%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B%E6%9B%9D%E5%85%89-112000059.html">存档</a>于2022-11-25).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E6%81%A9%E7%B5%84%E6%AD%A1%E6%A8%82%E7%B5%84+%E7%BE%8E%E5%A5%B3%E9%A9%97%E8%BA%AB%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B%E6%9B%9D%E5%85%89&rft.au=%E9%99%B3%E9%9B%85%E8%98%AD&rft.date=2021-11-22&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yahoo%21%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhk.news.yahoo.com%2F%25E9%2587%2591%25E6%25AD%25A3%25E6%2581%25A9%25E7%25B5%2584%25E6%25AD%25A1%25E6%25A8%2582%25E7%25B5%2584-%25E7%25BE%258E%25E5%25A5%25B3%25E9%25A9%2597%25E8%25BA%25AB%25E9%2581%258E%25E7%25A8%258B%25E6%259B%259D%25E5%2585%2589-112000059.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-health_care-251"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-health_care_251-0"><sup><b>246.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-health_care_251-1"><sup><b>246.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-health_care_251-2"><sup><b>246.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-health_care_251-3"><sup><b>246.3</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://country-studies.com/north-korea/public-health.html">Public Health (North Korea)</a>. country-studies.com. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-10-29</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170321205105/http://country-studies.com/north-korea/public-health.html">存档</a>于2017-03-21).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=Public+Health+%28North+Korea%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=country-studies.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountry-studies.com%2Fnorth-korea%2Fpublic-health.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ralph Hassig,Kongdan Oh. "The Hidden People of North Korea: Everyday Life in the Hermit Kingdom". 125</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Life under the red star"《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1_(%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B)" title="中央日報 (韓國)">中央日報</a>》30 4 2001</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bratzke "Last Tango in Pyongyang"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2102rank.html">The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency</a>. CIA. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-10-29</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160120024054/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2102rank.html">存档</a>于2016-01-20).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=The+World+Factbook+%E2%80%94+Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CIA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Frankorder%2F2102rank.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Ex-leaders head for North Korea"《<a href="/wiki/BBC_News" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>》25 4 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The unpalatable appetites of Kim Jong-il"《The Telegraph》8 10 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ralph Hassig,Kongdan Oh. "The Hidden People of North Korea: Everyday Life in the Hermit Kingdom". 126</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"UN: Tens of Thousands Without Drinking Water in N. Korea"《<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E4%B9%8B%E8%81%B2" title="美國之聲">美國之聲</a>》2 8 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ralph Hassig,Kongdan Oh. "The Hidden People of North Korea: Everyday Life in the Hermit Kingdom". 124</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"DPRK 2004 Nutrition Assessment: Report of Survey Result" Institute of child nutrition</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-江迅2-262"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-江迅2_262-0"><sup><b>257.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-江迅2_262-1"><sup><b>257.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">江迅《朝鮮是個謎》167-168</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hassig9-263"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hassig9_263-0"><sup><b>258.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hassig9_263-1"><sup><b>258.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hassig9_263-2"><sup><b>258.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ralph Hassig,Kongdan Oh. "The Hidden People of North Korea: Everyday Life in the Hermit Kingdom". 128</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ralph Hassig,Kongdan Oh. "The Hidden People of North Korea: Everyday Life in the Hermit Kingdom". 129</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-265">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101228133518/http://www.cmspin.com/newsmanager/anmviewer.asp?a=4222&z=26">Casting Crowns Performs in North Korea</a>. CMSpin. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-11-16</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cmspin.com/newsmanager/anmviewer.asp?a=4222&z=26">原始内容</a>存档于2010-12-28).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=Casting+Crowns+Performs+in+North+Korea&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CMSpin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cmspin.com%2Fnewsmanager%2Fanmviewer.asp%3Fa%3D4222%26z%3D26&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-江迅-266"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-江迅_266-0"><sup><b>261.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-江迅_266-1"><sup><b>261.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-江迅_266-2"><sup><b>261.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">江迅《朝鮮是個謎》264</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"朝韓兩國生活照對比"《<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E5%B3%B6%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1" title="星島日報">星島日報</a>》1 25 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daniel Schwekendiek "A Socioeconomic History of North Korea" 68-69</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ralph Hassig,Kongdan Oh. "The Hidden People of North Korea: Everyday Life in the Hermit Kingdom". 155</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-270">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lankov, Andrei ,《The Real North Korea: Life and Politics in the Failed Stalinist Utopia》 40, 62 - 64</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-271">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andreĭ Nikolaevich Lanʹkov. "North of the DMZ: Essays on Daily Life in North Korea". 29-30</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-我們最幸福156-272"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-我們最幸福156_272-0"><sup><b>267.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-我們最幸福156_272-1"><sup><b>267.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">芭芭拉。德米克《<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%91%E5%80%91%E6%9C%80%E5%B9%B8%E7%A6%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="我們最幸福">我們最幸福</a>》 156</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lanʹkov7-273"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lanʹkov7_273-0"><sup><b>268.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lanʹkov7_273-1"><sup><b>268.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lanʹkov7_273-2"><sup><b>268.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Andreĭ Nikolaevich Lanʹkov. "North of the DMZ: Essays on Daily Life in North Korea". 215</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andreĭ Nikolaevich Lanʹkov. "North of the DMZ: Essays on Daily Life in North Korea". 212</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-275"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-275">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andreĭ Nikolaevich Lanʹkov. "North of the DMZ: Essays on Daily Life in North Korea". 214</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-276"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-276">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andreĭ Nikolaevich Lanʹkov. "North of the DMZ: Essays on Daily Life in North Korea". 217</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-277"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-277">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ralph Hassig,Kongdan Oh. "The Hidden People of North Korea: Everyday Life in the Hermit Kingdom". 156</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-278"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-278">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Buddhist Temple Being Restored in N. Korea"《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E6%9D%89%E7%A3%AF%E6%99%82%E5%A0%B1" title="洛杉磯時報">洛杉磯時報</a>》2 10 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Dear Leader' worship as the one religion"《asianews》16 2 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"N Korea stages Mass for Pope"《<a href="/wiki/BBC_News" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>》2 8 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-281"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-281">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2013/country-chapters/north-korea">World Report 2013: Rights Trends in World Report 2013: North Korea</a>. 2013-01-10 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-10-29</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181221131316/https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2013/country-chapters/north-korea">存档</a>于2018-12-21).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=World+Report+2013%3A+Rights+Trends+in+World+Report+2013%3A+North+Korea&rft.date=2013-01-10&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fworld-report%2F2013%2Fcountry-chapters%2Fnorth-korea&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-282"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-282">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Korea, for a reconciliation between North and South"《30 Days》24 3 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-283"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-283">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070622111852/http://sb.od.org/index.php?supp_page=wwl_top_ten&supp_lang=en">Open Doors International : WWL: Focus on the Top Ten</a>. 2007-06-22 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-10-29</span>]</span>. 原始内容存档于2007-06-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Open+Doors+International+%3A+WWL%3A+Focus+on+the+Top+Ten&rft.date=2007-06-22&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsb.od.org%2Findex.php%3Fsupp_page%3Dwwl_top_ten%26supp_lang%3Den&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-284">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"50,000~70,000 North Korean Christians Detained in Gulags"《<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1" title="朝鮮日報">朝鮮日報</a>》16 8 2006</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=67" title="编辑章节:外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>中相关的多媒体资源:<b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:North_Korea?uselang=zh">朝鲜民主主义人民共和国</a></b></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%87%E5%BA%93" title="维基文库">维基文库</a>中的相关文献分类:<b><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Category:%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="extiw" title="s:Category:朝鮮民主主義人民共和國">朝鮮民主主義人民共和國</a></b></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%BA%E5%B0%8E%E9%81%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="維基導遊">維基導遊</a>上的相關旅行指南:<b><a href="https://zh.wikivoyage.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" class="extiw" title="voy:朝鲜民主主义人民共和国">朝鲜民主主义人民共和国</a></b></div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84365013">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Korea_Map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Korea_Map.svg/21px-Korea_Map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Korea_Map.svg/32px-Korea_Map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Korea_Map.svg/42px-Korea_Map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:朝鲜半岛">朝鲜半岛主題</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_North_Korea.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/24px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/36px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/48px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="Portal:朝鮮民主主義人民共和國">朝鮮民主主義人民共和國主題</a></li></ul></div> <dl><dt>概覽</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/web/gjhdq_676201/gj_676203/yz_676205/1206_676404/1206x0_676406/">中華人民共和國外交部:國家概況-朝鮮</a>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180404181835/https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/web/gjhdq_676201/gj_676203/yz_676205/1206_676404/1206x0_676406/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">(简体中文)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mofa.gov.tw/CountryInfo.aspx?CASN=5&n=5&sms=33&s=48">中華民國外交部:朝鮮民主主義人民共和國</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20211224075705/https://www.mofa.gov.tw/CountryInfo.aspx?CASN=5&n=5&sms=33&s=48">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">(繁體中文)</span></li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%A6%82%E5%86%B5" title="世界概况">世界概况</a>》上有关<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kn">North Korea</a>的条目</li></ul> <dl><dt>政府</dt></dl> <ul><li>朝鮮民主主義人民共和國官方門戶網站:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naenara.com.kp/main/index/ch/first">내나라</a>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210201215615/http://www.naenara.com.kp/main/index/ch/first">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">(简体中文)</span></li></ul> <dl><dt>地圖</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//maps.google.com/maps?q=North+Korea">Google地圖 - 朝鮮民主主義人民共和國</a></li></ul> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikimedia-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wikimedia-logo.svg/15px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wikimedia-logo.svg/23px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wikimedia-logo.svg/30px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_North_Korea" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of North Korea">維基媒體的朝鮮民主主義人民共和國地圖集</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gnome-globe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/15px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/23px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/30px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span> </p> <dl><dt>照片</dt></dl> <ul><li>Flickr - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/tags/northkorea/clusters/">標籤為朝鮮的照片</a>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20151124070330/http://www.flickr.com/photos/tags/northkorea/clusters/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li> <li>Flickr - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flickr.com/groups/northkorea/">朝鮮群組</a>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200307235530/http://www.flickr.com/groups/northkorea/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li></ul> <dl><dt>其他</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE%E5%BC%8F%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="开放式目录">开放目录项目</a>中的“<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://curlie.org/Regional/Asia/North_Korea/">朝鲜民主主义人民共和国</a>”</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100926235926/http://www.dailynk.com/chinese/">Daily NK</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">(简体中文)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rodong.rep.kp/ko/">劳动新闻</a>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210131031341/http://www.rodong.rep.kp/ko/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="韓語">(朝鲜文)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rodong.rep.kp/cn/">劳动新闻</a>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20130805230619/http://www.rodong.rep.kp/cn/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">(简体中文)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dprk.gq">中朝网SinoKorea</a>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210102160406/http://dprk.gq/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160307233123/http://www.uriminzokkiri.com/">《우리 민족끼리》</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%88%91%E5%80%91%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E4%B9%8B%E9%96%93" class="mw-redirect" title="我們民族之間">我們民族之間</a>,朝鮮官方網站<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="韓語">(朝鲜文)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/uriminzokkiri">YouTube上的<span class="plainlinks">《우리 민족끼리》</span>頻道</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="韓語">(朝鲜文)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/uriminzok">《우리 민족끼리》的X(前Twitter)帳戶</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="韓語">(朝鲜文)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://v.ifeng.com/documentary/society/201009/af669db4-4dfc-428f-acc4-99df42081f88.shtml">朝鲜纪行2009</a>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20201118031749/http://v.ifeng.com/documentary/society/201009/af669db4-4dfc-428f-acc4-99df42081f88.shtml">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>) - 凤凰卫视拍摄的纪录片</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://v.ifeng.com/documentary/discovery/201310/035e9f86-a2e5-4082-b245-3b1b29d30b6a.shtml">朝鲜纪行2013</a>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210123031105/http://v.ifeng.com/documentary/discovery/201310/035e9f86-a2e5-4082-b245-3b1b29d30b6a.shtml">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>) - 凤凰卫视拍摄的纪录片</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/rodrigorojo1/search?query=%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EC%A4%91%EC%95%99%ED%85%94%EB%A0%88%EB%B9%84%EC%A3%A4">[1]</a>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210123025220/https://www.youtube.com/user/rodrigorojo1/search?query=%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EC%A4%91%EC%95%99%ED%85%94%EB%A0%88%EB%B9%84%EC%A3%A4">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>) - 朝鮮youtube頻道</li></ul> <table class="noprint metadata" style="border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; background: #f8f9fa; text-align: center; width:80%; font-size:80%; margin:0.5em auto"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:0%; padding-right:5px" rowspan="5"><figure class="mw-halign-center skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/50px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/75px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/100px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="width:33%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a> </td> <td style="width:33%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E9%B8%AD%E7%BB%BF%E6%B1%9F" title="鸭绿江">鸭绿江</a><br /> </td> <td style="width:33%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄羅斯</a> </td> <td style="width:0%; padding-left:5px" rowspan="5"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/50px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/75px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/100px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:33%" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="黃海">黃海</a> </td> <td style="width:33%"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="北"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/17px-North.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/26px-North.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/34px-North.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /></span></span> </td> <td style="width:33%" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B5%B7" title="日本海">日本海</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:33%"> <table style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%; text-align:right"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="西"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/17px-West.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/26px-West.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/34px-West.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /></span><figcaption>西</figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="width:0%; text-align: center" nowrap="nowrap">  <b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/22px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/33px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/44px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">朝鲜</a></b>   </td> <td style="width:50%; text-align:left"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="東"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/17px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/26px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/34px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /></span><figcaption>東</figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:33%"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="南"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/17px-South.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/26px-South.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/34px-South.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="黃海">黃海</a> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%85%AB%E7%BA%BF" title="三八线">三八线</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%A9%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="大韩民国">韩国</a><br /> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮海峽">朝鮮海峽</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf;position:relative}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国行政区划" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E5%8A%83" title="Template:朝鮮民主主義人民共和國行政區劃"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E5%8A%83" title="Template talk:朝鮮民主主義人民共和國行政區劃"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E5%8A%83" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:朝鮮民主主義人民共和國行政區劃"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国行政区划" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国行政区划">朝鲜民主主义人民共和国行政区划</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E8%BE%96%E5%B8%82" title="直辖市">直辖市</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%A3%A4%E5%B8%82" title="平壤市">平壤市</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_North_Korea.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国国旗"><img alt="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国国旗" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/100px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/150px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/200px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E5%B8%82" title="特別市">特別市</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E5%85%88%E5%B8%82" title="羅先市">羅先市</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%B5%A6%E5%B8%82" title="南浦市">南浦市</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82" title="開城市">開城市</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93_(%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92)" title="道 (行政区划)">道</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E5%8E%9F%E9%81%93_(%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B)" title="江原道 (朝鮮民主主義人民共和國)">江原道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%A4%E6%B1%9F%E9%81%93" title="两江道">两江道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%85%88%E6%B1%9F%E9%81%93" title="慈江道">慈江道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%AE%89%E5%8D%97%E9%81%93" title="平安南道">平安南道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%AE%89%E5%8C%97%E9%81%93" title="平安北道">平安北道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%B8%E9%95%9C%E5%8D%97%E9%81%93" title="咸镜南道">咸镜南道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%B8%E9%95%9C%E5%8C%97%E9%81%93" title="咸镜北道">咸镜北道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E6%B5%B7%E5%8D%97%E9%81%93" title="黄海南道">黄海南道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E6%B5%B7%E5%8C%97%E9%81%93" title="黄海北道">黄海北道</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%AB%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA" title="特别行政区">特别行政区</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Sin%C5%ADiju_Special_Administrative_Region.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_the_Sin%C5%ADiju_Special_Administrative_Region.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Sin%C5%ADiju_Special_Administrative_Region.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_the_Sin%C5%ADiju_Special_Administrative_Region.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Sin%C5%ADiju_Special_Administrative_Region.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_the_Sin%C5%ADiju_Special_Administrative_Region.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Sin%C5%ADiju_Special_Administrative_Region.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%BE%A9%E5%B7%9E%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80" title="新義州特別行政區">新義州特別行政區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E5%9F%8E%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" title="開城工業地區">開城工業地區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%88%9A%E5%B1%B1%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E8%A7%82%E5%85%89%E7%89%B9%E5%8C%BA" title="金刚山国际观光特区">金刚山国际观光特区</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="亚洲" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="Template:亞洲"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="Template talk:亞洲"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:亞洲"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="亚洲" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%B2" title="亚洲">亚洲</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E4%BA%9A" title="东亚">东亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%A9%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="大韩民国">韩国</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">朝鲜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%9B%BD" title="蒙古国">蒙古</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;padding: 0 0.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A" title="东南亚">东南亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">越南</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%AC%E5%9F%94%E5%AF%A8" title="柬埔寨">柬埔寨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E6%8C%9D" title="老挝">老挝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%85%E7%94%B8" title="缅甸">缅甸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%9B%BD" title="泰国">泰国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="马来西亚">马来西亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1" title="新加坡">新加坡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%B6%E8%8E%B1" title="汶莱">文莱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E5%AE%BE" title="菲律宾">菲律宾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="印度尼西亚">印度尼西亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%B8%9D%E6%B1%B6" title="东帝汶">东帝汶</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A" title="南亚">南亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="巴基斯坦">巴基斯坦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E5%9B%BD" title="孟加拉国">孟加拉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E9%87%8C%E8%98%AD%E5%8D%A1" title="斯里蘭卡">斯里蘭卡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E5%B0%94" title="尼泊尔">尼泊尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E4%B8%B9" title="不丹">不丹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E4%BB%A3%E5%A4%AB" title="马尔代夫">马尔代夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97" title="阿富汗">阿富汗</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A" title="中亚">中亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="哈萨克斯坦">哈萨克斯坦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="吉尔吉斯斯坦">吉尔吉斯斯坦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="塔吉克斯坦">塔吉克斯坦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%B9%E5%88%AB%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="乌兹别克斯坦">乌兹别克斯坦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%BA%93%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="土库曼斯坦">土库曼斯坦</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="西亚">西亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" title="伊朗">伊朗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%9C%E7%96%86" title="阿塞拜疆">阿塞拜疆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="亞美尼亞">亞美尼亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9A" title="格鲁吉亚">格鲁吉亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%A5%A5%E5%A1%9E%E6%A2%AF" title="南奥塞梯">南奥塞梯</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%E5%93%88%E8%8C%B2" title="阿布哈茲">阿布哈茲</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E7%89%B9%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF" title="沙特阿拉伯">沙特阿拉伯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%9E%97" title="巴林">巴林</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%94" title="卡塔尔">卡塔尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E9%85%8B%E9%95%BF%E5%9B%BD" title="阿拉伯联合酋长国">阿拉伯联合酋长国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%9B%BC" title="阿曼">阿曼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9F%E9%97%A8" title="也门">也门</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%A8%81%E7%89%B9" title="科威特">科威特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B" title="伊拉克">伊拉克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%99%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="叙利亚">叙利亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E5%B7%B4%E5%AB%A9" title="黎巴嫩">黎巴嫩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E6%97%A6" title="约旦">约旦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列">以色列</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%9C%8B" title="巴勒斯坦國">巴勒斯坦</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其">土耳其</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%BD%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF" title="賽普勒斯">賽普勒斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E8%B3%BD%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF" title="北賽普勒斯">北賽普勒斯</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="埃及">埃及</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%9A" title="北亚">北亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄罗斯</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">海外<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%9E%E5%9C%B0" title="属地">屬地</a>與<br />其他特殊政區</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E6%8F%90%E5%88%A9%E8%88%87%E5%BE%B7%E5%87%B1%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="亞克羅提利與德凱利亞">阿克罗蒂里和泽凯利亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%B1%AC%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%B4%8B%E9%A0%98%E5%9C%B0" title="英屬印度洋領地">英屬印度洋領地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E8%AF%9E%E5%B2%9B" title="圣诞岛">圣诞岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%A7%91%E6%96%AF%EF%BC%88%E5%9F%BA%E6%9E%97%EF%BC%89%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="科科斯(基林)群島">科科斯(基林)群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80" title="澳門">澳門</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">註1:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E6%89%BF%E8%AE%A4%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" title="有限承认国家">未受国际普遍承认国家</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" title="世界政區索引">世界政區索引</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="非洲">非洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="美洲">美洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%9E%81%E6%B4%B2" title="南极洲">南极洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B%E6%B4%B2" title="大洋洲">大洋洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各国首都列表">各国首都列表</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="经济互助委员会(1988年)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="Template:经济互助委员会"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:经济互助委员会(页面不存在)"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:经济互助委员会"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="经济互助委员会(1988年)" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="经济互助委员会">经济互助委员会</a>(1988年)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">成员国</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联">苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟</a> · <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="波兰人民共和国">波蘭人民共和國</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_Romania_%281965%E2%80%931989%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Romania_%281965%E2%80%931989%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_Romania_%281965%E2%80%931989%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Romania_%281965%E2%80%931989%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_Romania_%281965%E2%80%931989%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Romania_%281965%E2%80%931989%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="罗马尼亚社会主义共和国">羅馬尼亞社會主義共和國</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="捷克斯洛伐克社会主义共和国">捷克斯洛伐克社会主义共和国</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281971%E2%80%931990%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281971%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281971%E2%80%931990%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281971%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281971%E2%80%931990%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281971%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="保加利亞人民共和國">保加利亞人民共和國</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic_%281945%E2%80%931992%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic_%281945%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic_%281945%E2%80%931992%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic_%281945%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic_%281945%E2%80%931992%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic_%281945%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="蒙古人民共和国">蒙古人民共和国</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="东德">德意志民主共和国</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/22px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/33px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/44px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">越南社会主义共和国</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/22px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/33px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/44px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="匈牙利人民共和国">匈牙利人民共和国</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/22px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/33px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/44px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B7%B4" title="古巴">古巴共和国</a></span></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Comecon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="经互会会旗"><img alt="经互会会旗" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_Comecon.svg/70px-Flag_of_Comecon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_Comecon.svg/105px-Flag_of_Comecon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_Comecon.svg/140px-Flag_of_Comecon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">咨询国</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="南斯拉夫社会主义联邦共和国">南斯拉夫社會主義聯邦共和國</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">退出的成员国</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_Albania_%281946%E2%80%931992%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Albania_%281946%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_Albania_%281946%E2%80%931992%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Albania_%281946%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_Albania_%281946%E2%80%931992%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Albania_%281946%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="阿尔巴尼亚社会主义人民共和国">阿爾巴尼亞社會主義人民共和國</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">观察员国</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/22px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/33px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/44px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E6%8C%9D" title="老挝">老挝人民民主共和国</a> · <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281980%E2%80%931987%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281980%E2%80%931987%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281980%E2%80%931987%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281980%E2%80%931987%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281980%E2%80%931987%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281980%E2%80%931987%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="阿富汗民主共和国">阿富汗民主共和國</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/22px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/33px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/44px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%93%A5%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="安哥拉人民共和国">安哥拉人民共和国</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281987%E2%80%931991%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281987%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281987%E2%80%931991%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281987%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281987%E2%80%931991%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281987%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%A1%9E%E4%BF%84%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="埃塞俄比亚人民民主共和国">衣索比亞人民民主共和國</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/33px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/44px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%A1%91%E6%AF%94%E5%85%8B%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="莫桑比克人民共和国">莫桑比克人民共和国</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_South_Yemen.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_South_Yemen.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_South_Yemen.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9F%E9%97%A8%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="也门民主人民共和国">也门民主人民共和国</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_North_Korea_%281948%E2%80%931992%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_North_Korea_%281948%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_North_Korea_%281948%E2%80%931992%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_North_Korea_%281948%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_North_Korea_%281948%E2%80%931992%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_North_Korea_%281948%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">朝鮮民主主義人民共和國</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/22px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/44px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E7%93%9C" title="尼加拉瓜">尼加拉瓜共和国</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E5%85%B0" title="芬兰">芬兰共和国</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E5%A4%8D%E5%85%B4%E5%85%9A%E6%94%BF%E6%9D%83" title="伊拉克复兴党政权">伊拉克共和國</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/33px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/44px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5" title="墨西哥">墨西哥合众国</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">退出的观察员国</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="有限承认国家" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E6%89%BF%E8%AE%A4%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" title="Template:有限承认国家"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E6%89%BF%E8%AE%A4%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" title="Template talk:有限承认国家"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E6%89%BF%E8%AE%A4%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:有限承认国家"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="有限承认国家" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E6%89%BF%E8%AE%A4%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" title="有限承认国家">有限承认国家</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>关于<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E6%89%BF%E8%AE%A4" title="外交承认">外交承认</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="外交关系">外交关系</a>参见括号内条目链接</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E5%93%A1%E5%9C%8B%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="聯合國會員國列表">联合国会员国</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="未被所有聯合國會員國承认" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">未被所有聯合國會員國承认</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="亞美尼亞">亚美尼亚共和国</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4" title="亚美尼亚外交">外交</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4" title="中华人民共和国外交">外交</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%BD%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF" title="賽普勒斯">塞浦路斯共和国</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="塞浦路斯外交" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Foreign relations of Cyprus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%9E%E6%B5%A6%E8%B7%AF%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="塞浦路斯外交(页面不存在)">外交</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Cyprus" class="extiw" title="en:Foreign relations of Cyprus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Foreign relations of Cyprus</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列">以色列国</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%89%BF%E8%AA%8D" title="以色列的國際承認">承认</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4" title="以色列外交">外交</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">朝鲜民主主义人民共和国</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國外交">外交</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%A9%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="大韩民国">大韩民国</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4" title="韩国外交">外交</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83%E8%A7%80%E5%AF%9F%E5%93%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="聯合國大會觀察員列表">联合国观察员国</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="未被所有聯合國會員國承认" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">未被所有聯合國會員國承认</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%9C%8B" title="巴勒斯坦國">巴勒斯坦國</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%9B%BD%E7%9A%84%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%89%BF%E8%AE%A4" title="巴勒斯坦国的国际承认">承认</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴勒斯坦国外交" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Foreign relations of the State of Palestine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴勒斯坦国外交(页面不存在)">外交</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_State_of_Palestine" class="extiw" title="en:Foreign relations of the State of Palestine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Foreign relations of the State of Palestine</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">非联合国会员及观察员国</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">至少一个联合国会员国承认</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%E5%93%88%E8%8C%B2" title="阿布哈茲">阿布哈茲共和國</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿布哈兹和南奥塞梯的国际承认" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%E5%93%88%E5%85%B9%E5%92%8C%E5%8D%97%E5%A5%A5%E5%A1%9E%E6%A2%AF%E7%9A%84%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%89%BF%E8%AE%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿布哈兹和南奥塞梯的国际承认(页面不存在)">承认</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_recognition_of_Abkhazia_and_South_Ossetia" class="extiw" title="en:International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%E5%93%88%E8%8C%B2%E5%BB%BA%E4%BA%A4%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="阿布哈茲建交列表">外交</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E9%82%A6%E4%BA%A4%E5%9C%8B%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中華民國邦交國列表">承認</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4" title="中華民國外交">外交</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E8%B3%BD%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF" title="北賽普勒斯">北賽普勒斯土耳其共和國</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="北塞浦路斯外交" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Foreign relations of Northern Cyprus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%A1%9E%E6%B5%A6%E8%B7%AF%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北塞浦路斯外交(页面不存在)">外交</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Northern_Cyprus" class="extiw" title="en:Foreign relations of Northern Cyprus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Foreign relations of Northern Cyprus</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%B4%A2%E6%B2%83" title="科索沃">科索沃共和國</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%B4%A2%E6%B2%83%E5%BB%BA%E4%BA%A4%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="科索沃建交列表">承认</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%B4%A2%E6%B2%83%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4" title="科索沃外交">外交</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E6%8B%89%E5%A8%81%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="撒拉威阿拉伯民主共和國">撒拉威阿拉伯民主共和國</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E6%92%92%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%BB%BA%E4%BA%A4%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="阿拉伯撒哈拉民主共和国建交列表">承认</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E6%92%92%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4" title="阿拉伯撒哈拉民主共和国外交">外交</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%A5%A5%E5%A1%9E%E6%A2%AF" title="南奥塞梯">南奧塞提亞共和國</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿布哈兹和南奥塞梯的国际承认" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%E5%93%88%E5%85%B9%E5%92%8C%E5%8D%97%E5%A5%A5%E5%A1%9E%E6%A2%AF%E7%9A%84%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%89%BF%E8%AE%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿布哈兹和南奥塞梯的国际承认(页面不存在)">承认</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_recognition_of_Abkhazia_and_South_Ossetia" class="extiw" title="en:International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%A5%A5%E5%A1%9E%E6%A2%AF%E5%BB%BA%E4%BA%A4%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="南奥塞梯建交列表">外交</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">仅被非联合国会员国承认</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%B6%85%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%B2%B3%E6%B2%BF%E5%B2%B8" title="德涅斯特河沿岸">德涅斯特河沿岸摩尔达维亚共和国</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="德涅斯特河沿岸的国际承认" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="International recognition of Transnistria"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E6%B6%85%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%B2%B3%E6%B2%BF%E5%B2%B8%E7%9A%84%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%89%BF%E8%AE%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="德涅斯特河沿岸的国际承认(页面不存在)">承认</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_recognition_of_Transnistria" class="extiw" title="en:International recognition of Transnistria"><span lang="en" dir="auto">International recognition of Transnistria</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="德涅斯特河沿岸外交" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Foreign relations of Transnistria"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E6%B6%85%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%B2%B3%E6%B2%BF%E5%B2%B8%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="德涅斯特河沿岸外交(页面不存在)">外交</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Transnistria" class="extiw" title="en:Foreign relations of Transnistria"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Foreign relations of Transnistria</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C%E5%85%B0" title="索马里兰">索马里兰共和国</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E9%A6%AC%E9%87%8C%E8%98%AD%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4" title="索馬里蘭外交">外交</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">国际</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1214151/">FAST</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000405104298">ISNI</a></span> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000123217569">2</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/142577143">VIAF</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/99040102">挪威</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX99000">西班牙</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11868465j">法国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11868465j">BnF data</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058511961406706">加泰罗尼亚</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4075468-6">德国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007566839005171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000010449">芬兰</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81074720">美国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/97mpnkct4lwgtln">瑞典</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和国"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00573707">日本</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Korejská lidově demokratická republika"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge128576&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="북한(국명)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KSH2000006329">韩国</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000443043&local_base=nsk10">克罗地亚</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1564649">葡萄牙</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/815">梵蒂冈</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">地理</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/445e806f-2e04-3f9a-89eb-ef5c4e97b365">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">学术</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA05326694?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">艺术家</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/7250fb7d-eacd-4803-a1f7-06c9d3bfb216">KulturNav</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">人物</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/RytB2Wg1">英国议会</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=3527">现代乌克兰百科全书</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10035715">NARA</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026436833">IdRef</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐7sh2w Cached time: 20241124085024 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 2.706 seconds Real time usage: 3.117 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 34760/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1019858/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 48011/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 35/100 Expensive parser function count: 40/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 351129/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 1.025/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 18847453/52428800 bytes Lua Profile: ? 400 ms 29.9% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction 280 ms 20.9% recursiveClone <mwInit.lua:45> 200 ms 14.9% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument 80 ms 6.0% makeMessage <mw.message.lua:76> 40 ms 3.0% dataWrapper <mw.lua:672> 40 ms 3.0% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::plain 40 ms 3.0% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntityStatements 40 ms 3.0% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntity 40 ms 3.0% validateData <mw.lua:728> 20 ms 1.5% [others] 160 ms 11.9% Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 2318.428 1 -total 25.63% 594.135 1 Template:Reflist 24.16% 560.208 7 Template:Infobox 21.42% 496.650 1 Template:Infobox_country 15.05% 348.837 83 Template:Cite_web 10.85% 251.532 2 Template:Official_url 9.73% 225.670 45 Template:Category_handler 7.98% 184.911 38 Template:Lang 7.87% 182.485 3 Template:URL 7.60% 176.285 3 Template:Ifempty --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key zhwiki:pcache:idhash:1698-0!canonical!zh and timestamp 20241124085024 and revision id 85077311. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=朝鲜民主主义人民共和国&oldid=85077311">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=朝鲜民主主义人民共和国&oldid=85077311</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>:<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1948%E5%B9%B4%E5%BB%BA%E7%AB%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E6%88%96%E6%94%BF%E6%AC%8A" title="Category:1948年建立的國家或政權">1948年建立的國家或政權</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="Category:朝鮮民主主義人民共和國">朝鮮民主主義人民共和國</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%B2%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" title="Category:亚洲国家">亚洲国家</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%A0%B8%E6%AD%A6%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" title="Category:核武國家">核武國家</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="Category:共和国">共和国</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%B8%80%E9%BB%A8%E5%88%B6%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" title="Category:一黨制國家">一黨制國家</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" title="Category:社会主义国家">社会主义国家</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" title="Category:太平洋國家">太平洋國家</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" title="Category:朝鮮語國家地區">朝鮮語國家地區</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%9E%81%E6%9D%83%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" title="Category:极权国家">极权国家</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A%E5%91%98%E5%9B%BD" title="Category:联合国会员国">联合国会员国</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">隐藏分类:<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E9%9D%9E%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97formatnum%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:含有非数字formatnum参数的页面">含有非数字formatnum参数的页面</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1%E9%9F%A9%E8%AF%AD%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90_(ko)" title="Category:CS1韩语来源 (ko)">CS1韩语来源 (ko)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%87%AA2013%E5%B9%B46%E6%9C%88%E5%B8%A6%E6%9C%89%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:自2013年6月带有失效链接的条目">自2013年6月带有失效链接的条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90_(en)" title="Category:CS1英语来源 (en)">CS1英语来源 (en)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1%E6%97%A5%E8%AF%AD%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90_(ja)" title="Category:CS1日语来源 (ja)">CS1日语来源 (ja)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%87%AA2024%E5%B9%B47%E6%9C%88%E9%9C%80%E8%A1%A5%E5%85%85%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:自2024年7月需补充来源的条目">自2024年7月需补充来源的条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%8B%92%E7%BB%9D%E5%BD%93%E9%80%89%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5%E6%96%B0%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE%E6%8E%A8%E8%8D%90%E6%A0%8F%E7%9B%AE%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:拒绝当选首页新条目推荐栏目的条目">拒绝当选首页新条目推荐栏目的条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E9%9F%93%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:含有韓語的條目">含有韓語的條目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8WikiMiniAtlas%E5%B0%8F%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:使用WikiMiniAtlas小工具的页面">使用WikiMiniAtlas小工具的页面</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%9C%A8infobox_country%E6%88%96infobox_former_country%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8symbol_caption%E6%88%96%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B%E5%AD%97%E6%AE%B5%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:在infobox country或infobox former country使用symbol caption或类型字段的页面">在infobox country或infobox former country使用symbol caption或类型字段的页面</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E9%9F%93%E8%AA%9E%E8%AB%BA%E6%96%87%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:含有韓語諺文的條目">含有韓語諺文的條目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E9%9F%93%E8%AA%9E%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:含有韓語漢字的條目">含有韓語漢字的條目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E9%9C%80%E8%A6%81%E9%9F%93%E6%96%87%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%AD%97%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:需要韓文羅馬字的條目">需要韓文羅馬字的條目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:含有日語的條目">含有日語的條目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:含有英語的條目">含有英語的條目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%AA%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%A5%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:有未列明来源语句的条目">有未列明来源语句的条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%A8%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%BA%E6%95%B8%E6%93%9A%E7%9A%84Twitter%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B6%E5%90%8D" title="Category:不在維基數據的Twitter用戶名">不在維基數據的Twitter用戶名</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABFAST%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含FAST标识符的维基百科条目">包含FAST标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABISNI%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含ISNI标识符的维基百科条目">包含ISNI标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABVIAF%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含VIAF标识符的维基百科条目">包含VIAF标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABBIBSYS%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含BIBSYS标识符的维基百科条目">包含BIBSYS标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABBNE%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含BNE标识符的维基百科条目">包含BNE标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABBNF%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含BNF标识符的维基百科条目">包含BNF标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABBNFdata%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含BNFdata标识符的维基百科条目">包含BNFdata标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABCANTICN%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含CANTICN标识符的维基百科条目">包含CANTICN标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABGND%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含GND标识符的维基百科条目">包含GND标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABJ9U%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含J9U标识符的维基百科条目">包含J9U标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABKANTO%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含KANTO标识符的维基百科条目">包含KANTO标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABLCCN%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含LCCN标识符的维基百科条目">包含LCCN标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABLibris%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含Libris标识符的维基百科条目">包含Libris标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNDL%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NDL标识符的维基百科条目">包含NDL标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNKC%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目">包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNLK%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NLK标识符的维基百科条目">包含NLK标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNSK%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NSK标识符的维基百科条目">包含NSK标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABPortugalA%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含PortugalA标识符的维基百科条目">包含PortugalA标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABVcBA%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含VcBA标识符的维基百科条目">包含VcBA标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABMusicBrainz_area%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含MusicBrainz area标识符的维基百科条目">包含MusicBrainz area标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABCINII%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含CINII标识符的维基百科条目">包含CINII标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABKULTURNAV%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含KULTURNAV标识符的维基百科条目">包含KULTURNAV标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABUKPARL%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含UKPARL标识符的维基百科条目">包含UKPARL标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABEMU%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含EMU标识符的维基百科条目">包含EMU标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNARA%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NARA标识符的维基百科条目">包含NARA标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABSUDOC%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含SUDOC标识符的维基百科条目">包含SUDOC标识符的维基百科条目</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> 本页面最后修订于2024年11月24日 (星期日) 00:32。</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">本站的全部文字在<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh">知识共享 署名-相同方式共享 4.0协议</a>之条款下提供,附加条款亦可能应用。(请参阅<a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">使用条款</a>)<br /> Wikipedia®和维基百科标志是<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/zh">维基媒体基金会</a>的注册商标;维基™是维基媒体基金会的商标。<br /> 维基媒体基金会是按美国国內稅收法501(c)(3)登记的<a class="external text" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tax_deductibility">非营利慈善机构</a>。<br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">隐私政策</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E">关于维基百科</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%8D%E8%B4%A3%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E">免责声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">行为准则</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">开发者</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/zh.wikipedia.org">统计</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">手机版视图</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-x4q2f","wgBackendResponseTime":276,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.706","walltime":"3.117","ppvisitednodes":{"value":34760,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":1019858,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":48011,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":35,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":40,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":351129,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2318.428 1 -total"," 25.63% 594.135 1 Template:Reflist"," 24.16% 560.208 7 Template:Infobox"," 21.42% 496.650 1 Template:Infobox_country"," 15.05% 348.837 83 Template:Cite_web"," 10.85% 251.532 2 Template:Official_url"," 9.73% 225.670 45 Template:Category_handler"," 7.98% 184.911 38 Template:Lang"," 7.87% 182.485 3 Template:URL"," 7.60% 176.285 3 Template:Ifempty"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.025","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":18847453,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-profile":[["?","400","29.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","280","20.9"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","200","14.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","80","6.0"],["makeMessage \u003Cmw.message.lua:76\u003E","40","3.0"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","40","3.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::plain","40","3.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntityStatements","40","3.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntity","40","3.0"],["validateData \u003Cmw.lua:728\u003E","20","1.5"],["[others]","160","11.9"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-7sh2w","timestamp":"20241124085024","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u671d\u9c9c\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd","url":"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q423","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q423","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u9879\u76ee\u8d21\u732e\u8005"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-06-20T04:44:02Z","dateModified":"2024-11-24T00:32:37Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/51\/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg","headline":"\u6771\u5317\u4e9e\u570b\u5bb6"}</script> </body> </html>