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href="#Sociologisk_strukturalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Sociologisk strukturalism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sociologisk_strukturalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lingvistisk_strukturalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lingvistisk_strukturalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Lingvistisk strukturalism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lingvistisk_strukturalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antropologin_och_strukturalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antropologin_och_strukturalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Antropologin och strukturalism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antropologin_och_strukturalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filosofisk_strukturalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filosofisk_strukturalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Filosofisk strukturalism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filosofisk_strukturalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kritik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kritik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Kritik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kritik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_även" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_även"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Se även</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_även-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Referenser</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Referenser</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Noter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Noter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Strukturalism</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 67 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-67" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">67 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strukturalisme" title="Strukturalisme – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Strukturalisme" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="بنيوية – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بنيوية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estructuralismu" title="Estructuralismu – asturiska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Estructuralismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strukturalizm" title="Strukturalizm – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Strukturalizm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%82" title="ياپيسالچيليق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ياپيسالچيليق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Структуралізм – belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Структуралізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Структурализъм – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Структурализъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estructuralisme" title="Estructuralisme – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Estructuralisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strukturalismus" title="Strukturalismus – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Strukturalismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strukturalisme" title="Strukturalisme – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Strukturalisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strukturalismus" title="Strukturalismus – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Strukturalismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strukturalism" title="Strukturalism – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Strukturalism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Δομισμός – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δομισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structuralism" title="Structuralism – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Structuralism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estructuralismo_(filosof%C3%ADa)" title="Estructuralismo (filosofía) – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estructuralismo (filosofía)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strukturismo" title="Strukturismo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Strukturismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrukturalismo" title="Estrukturalismo – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Estrukturalismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="ساختارگرایی – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ساختارگرایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structuralisme" title="Structuralisme – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Structuralisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EC%A1%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="구조주의 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="구조주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AF%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Ստրուկտուրալիզմ – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ստրուկտուրալիզմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="संरचनावाद – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="संरचनावाद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strukturalizam" title="Strukturalizam – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Strukturalizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strukturalisme" title="Strukturalisme – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Strukturalisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structuralismo" title="Structuralismo – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Structuralismo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formger%C3%B0arstefnan" title="Formgerðarstefnan – isländska" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Formgerðarstefnan" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="isländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strutturalismo_(sociologia)" title="Strutturalismo (sociologia) – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Strutturalismo (sociologia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="סטרוקטורליזם – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סטרוקטורליזם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8C%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF" title="ರಚನಾಕೌಶಲ್ಯ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರಚನಾಕೌಶಲ್ಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="სტრუქტურალიზმი – georgiska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სტრუქტურალიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Структурализм – kazakiska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Структурализм" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structuralismus" title="Structuralismus – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Structuralismus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struktur%C4%81lisms" title="Strukturālisms – lettiska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Strukturālisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strukt%C5%ABralizmas" title="Struktūralizmas – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Struktūralizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strukturalizmus" title="Strukturalizmus – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Strukturalizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Структурализам – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Структурализам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroktoralisma" title="Stroktoralisma – malagassiska" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Stroktoralisma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%98%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%82" title="ഘടനാവാദം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഘടനാവാദം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structuralisme_(sociale_wetenschappen)" title="Structuralisme (sociale wetenschappen) – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Structuralisme (sociale wetenschappen)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A7%8B%E9%80%A0%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="構造主義 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="構造主義" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strukturalisme" title="Strukturalisme – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Strukturalisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estructuralisme" title="Estructuralisme – occitanska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Estructuralisme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strukturalizm" title="Strukturalizm – uzbekiska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Strukturalizm" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6" title="ਸੰਰਚਨਾਵਾਦ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੰਰਚਨਾਵਾਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%BA%DA%9A%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C" title="رغښتوالی – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="رغښتوالی" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strukturalizm_(socjologia)" title="Strukturalizm (socjologia) – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Strukturalizm (socjologia)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estruturalismo" title="Estruturalismo – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Estruturalismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structuralism" title="Structuralism – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Structuralism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmärkt artikel"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Структурализм – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Структурализм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structuralism" title="Structuralism – skotska" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Structuralism" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structuralism" title="Structuralism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Structuralism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ساختيات – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ساختيات" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0trukturalizmus_(humanitn%C3%A9_vedy)" title="Štrukturalizmus (humanitné vedy) – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Štrukturalizmus (humanitné vedy)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strukturalizem" title="Strukturalizem – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Strukturalizem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Структурализам – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Структурализам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strukturalizam" title="Strukturalizam – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Strukturalizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strukturalisme" title="Strukturalisme – sundanesiska" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Strukturalisme" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strukturalismi" title="Strukturalismi – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Strukturalismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கட்டமைப்பியம் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கட்டமைப்பியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="โครงสร้างนิยม – thailändska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โครงสร้างนิยม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailändska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yap%C4%B1salc%C4%B1l%C4%B1k" title="Yapısalcılık – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yapısalcılık" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Структуралізм – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Структуралізм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ساختیات – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ساختیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%A7_ngh%C4%A9a_c%E1%BA%A5u_tr%C3%BAc" title="Chủ nghĩa cấu trúc – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chủ nghĩa cấu trúc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="结构主义 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="结构主义" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="結構主義 – kantonesiska" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="結構主義" data-language-autonym="粵語" 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mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r51224235">.mw-parser-output table.ambox{margin:0 10%;border-collapse:collapse;background:#fbfbfb;border:1px solid #aaa;border-left:10px solid #608ec2}.mw-parser-output table.ambox th.ambox-text,.mw-parser-output table.ambox td.ambox-text{padding:.25em .5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output table.ambox td.ambox-image{padding:2px 0 2px .5em;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output table.ambox td.ambox-imageright{padding:2px 4px 2px 0;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #608ec2}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-delete,.mw-parser-output table.ambox-serious{border-left:10px solid #b22222}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #f4c430}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-merge{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output 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width="40" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/60px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/80px-Question_book-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204" /></a></span></div></td> <td class="ambox-text">Den här artikeln <b>behöver fler eller bättre <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:K%C3%A4llh%C3%A4nvisningar" title="Wikipedia:Källhänvisningar">källhänvisningar</a> för att kunna <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifierbarhet" title="Wikipedia:Verifierbarhet">verifieras</a>.</b> <small>(2015-10)</small> <br /><small>Åtgärda genom att lägga till pålitliga källor (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Introduktion_till_k%C3%A4llh%C3%A4nvisningar" title="Wikipedia:Introduktion till källhänvisningar">gärna som fotnoter</a>). Uppgifter utan källhänvisning kan <a href="/wiki/Mall:K%C3%A4lla_beh%C3%B6vs" title="Mall:Källa behövs">ifrågasättas</a> och tas bort utan att det behöver diskuteras på <a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Strukturalism" title="Diskussion:Strukturalism">diskussionssidan</a>.</small></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Strukturalism</b> är ett samlingsnamn på ett betraktelsesätt inom skilda områden som studerar <a href="/wiki/Struktur_(filosofi)" title="Struktur (filosofi)">strukturer</a> och <a href="/wiki/System" title="System">system</a> istället för <a href="/wiki/Subjekt_(filosofi)" title="Subjekt (filosofi)">subjekt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanning" title="Sanning">sanning</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Inneh%C3%A5ll" title="Innehåll">innehåll</a>. Strömningen var som mest populär under 1960-talet i <a href="/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike">Frankrike</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Betraktelsesättet är utvecklat från <a href="/wiki/Lingvistik" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingvistik">lingvistiken</a>, men uppstod som egen idéströmning i andra, delvis nya <a href="/wiki/Vetenskap" title="Vetenskap">vetenskapsdiscipliner</a>, framförallt <a href="/wiki/Sociologi" title="Sociologi">sociologi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antropologi" title="Antropologi">antropologi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Religionshistoria" title="Religionshistoria">religionshistoria</a> och olika ämnen i <a href="/wiki/Humaniora" title="Humaniora">humaniora</a> och <a href="/wiki/Filosofi" title="Filosofi">filosofin</a>. Genom centrala personers popularitet blev detta en modefilosofi, senare utgrenad i <a href="/wiki/Poststrukturalism" title="Poststrukturalism">poststrukturalismen</a> och <a href="/wiki/Dekonstruktion" title="Dekonstruktion">dekonstruktion</a>. </p><p>Strukturalistisk metod går ut på att jämföra teckens betydelse (<a href="/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol">symbolers</a> innebörd) genom att se dem som delar av strukturer (eller system) av teckengrupper (symbolsystem).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Varje tecken är meningsbärande, och får sin betydelse genom sin funktion för strukturen och relation till andra tecken. Strukturalismen bröt mot synsättet att språket utgjordes av självständiga delar, och fokuserade på samband och förhållanden. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Psykologisk_strukturalism">Psykologisk strukturalism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strukturalism&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Psykologisk strukturalism" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strukturalism&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Psykologisk strukturalism"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Den <a href="/wiki/Psykologi" title="Psykologi">psykologiska</a> skolan strukturalism utvecklades främst av <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Wundt" title="Wilhelm Wundt">Wilhelm Wundt</a> (1832–1920) och <a href="/wiki/Edward_B._Titchener" title="Edward B. Titchener">Edward B. Titchener</a> (1867–1927) i slutet av 1800-talet. De använde sig av <a href="/wiki/Introspektion" title="Introspektion">introspektion</a> i analysen av medvetandets grundläggande element.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Även om den psykologiska strukturalismen dog ut efter ett par årtionden har den lämnat spår efter sig, bland annat i vad som senare skulle komma att kallas <i><a href="/wiki/Funktionalism_(psykologi)" title="Funktionalism (psykologi)">funktionalism</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sociologisk_strukturalism">Sociologisk strukturalism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strukturalism&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Sociologisk strukturalism" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strukturalism&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Sociologisk strukturalism"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Inom <a href="/wiki/Sociologi" title="Sociologi">sociologin</a> så var det i första hand <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Durkheim" title="Émile Durkheim">Émile Durkheim</a>, som introducerade strukturalismen. Han vände sig medvetet mot "<a href="/wiki/Psykologism" title="Psykologism">psykologismen</a>", och sökte förklaringar till samhälleliga skeenden på det "överindividuella" planet, i de samhälleliga strukturerna, starkt påverkad av <a href="/wiki/Positivism" title="Positivism">positivismen</a>. Han betonade samhälleliga förändringar utifrån deras funktioner i samhället och blev också en föregångare till det som kom att kallas för <a href="/wiki/Funktionalism_(sociologi)" title="Funktionalism (sociologi)">funktionalismen</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lingvistisk_strukturalism">Lingvistisk strukturalism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strukturalism&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Lingvistisk strukturalism" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strukturalism&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Lingvistisk strukturalism"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Strukturalismen har sina rötter i <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_de_Saussure" title="Ferdinand de Saussure">Ferdinand de Saussures</a> (1857–1913) verk. Saussure var främst språkvetare, och utifrån en grammatisk bakgrund utarbetade han modeller för <a href="/wiki/Ord" title="Ord">ords</a> begrepp. Saussure bestämde tecknet (<i>signe</i>) som något med en dubbel karaktär, en ljudbild (<i>le signifiant</i>) och ett begrepp (<i>le signifié</i>). Inte bara ord är tecken utan även till exempel <i>-s</i> är ett tecken i svenskan (en ljudbild för innehållet <a href="/wiki/Genitiv" title="Genitiv">genitiv</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Passivum" title="Passivum">passiv</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Förbindelsen mellan ljudbild och innehåll är godtycklig; alltså fås betydelsen, värdet, genom relationen med andra tecken i språket, genom att skilja sig från andra tecken. Språket är ett system (<i>la langue</i>) och det har en användning (<i>la parole</i>). Systemet utgör regelverket för användningen. Regelverket är inget som har fastställts utan ett instrument för användning, likväl som produkt av användning. En individ kan inte förändra betydelsen hos ett tecken utan detta är en kollektiv handling. Det avgörs alltså inom en struktur. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Antropologin_och_strukturalism">Antropologin och strukturalism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strukturalism&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Antropologin och strukturalism" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strukturalism&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Antropologin och strukturalism"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En överföring av strukturalism till ett annat område, <a href="/wiki/Socialantropologi" title="Socialantropologi">socialantropologin</a>, företogs först och främst av <a href="/wiki/Claude_L%C3%A9vi-Strauss" title="Claude Lévi-Strauss">Claude Lévi-Strauss</a> (1908–2009). Han var starkt influerad av <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Mauss" title="Marcel Mauss">Marcel Mauss</a>, som ibland kallas den franska strukturalistiska sociologins grundare. Släktskapsförhållande, <a href="/wiki/Konst" title="Konst">konst</a> och umgängesformer uppvisade en språklig struktur, menade Lévi-Strauss. De har betydelseskiljande element (relationer), får betydelse endast i systemet och är kollektiva. </p><p>Utifrån detta går Lévi-Strauss till angrepp på historiens prioritet (att historien är människans främsta existensmodus). Historisk <a href="/wiki/Medvetenhet" title="Medvetenhet">medvetenhet</a> är inget reellt utan något inlärt. Det är en del i illusionen om människans frihet och ett sätt att konstituera henne i stället för att som Lévi-Strauss önskar <i>upplösa henne</i>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Lacan" title="Jacques Lacan">Jacques Lacan</a> har tillämpat ett strukturalistiskt tänkande på <a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freuds</a> teorier om det omedvetna, <a href="/wiki/Roland_Barthes" title="Roland Barthes">Roland Barthes</a> inom litteraturkritiken, och <a href="/wiki/George_Dum%C3%A9zil" class="mw-redirect" title="George Dumézil">George Dumézil</a> om ideologier och religionshistoria. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filosofisk_strukturalism">Filosofisk strukturalism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strukturalism&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Filosofisk strukturalism" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strukturalism&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Filosofisk strukturalism"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Michel_Foucault" title="Michel Foucault">Michel Foucault</a> kallas både strukturalist och <a href="/wiki/Poststrukturalism" title="Poststrukturalism">poststrukturalist</a>. Hans tidiga verk bär en strukturalistisk prägel. I <i>Vansinnets historia</i> blottlägger han de underliggande strukturer i utskiljandet av oförnuftiga. Likaså kan <a href="/wiki/Roland_Barthes" title="Roland Barthes">Roland Barthes</a> tidiga verk passas in i en strukturalistisk tradition. Han kritiserade bland annat litteratur, mode och reklam utifrån en syn på dem som signalsystem. Ännu en filosof som (mot sin vilja) brukar kallas strukturalist är <a href="/wiki/Louis_Althusser" title="Louis Althusser">Louis Althusser</a>, mest känd för sin nyläsning av <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a>. </p><p>Vad som kännetecknar strukturalistisk filosofi kan sammanfattas som sökandet efter underliggande strukturer och omedvetna strukturer som bestämmer mening, Då det är omöjligt att undersöka innehållet i ett helt system måste målet vara att identifiera kontrasterande element, vad som utgör skillnaden. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kritik">Kritik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strukturalism&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Kritik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strukturalism&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Kritik"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Två exempel på kritiker mot strukturalism är <a href="/wiki/Henri_Lefebvre" title="Henri Lefebvre">Henri Lefbvre</a> och <a href="/wiki/Guy_Debord" title="Guy Debord">Guy Debord</a>. Bland andra <a href="/wiki/Situationisterna" title="Situationisterna">situationalister</a> som Debord kritiserade strukturalismen för att vara <a href="/wiki/Historiel%C3%B6shet" title="Historielöshet">ahistorisk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_även"><span id="Se_.C3.A4ven"></span>Se även</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strukturalism&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitt: Se även" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strukturalism&action=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Se även"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Durkheim" title="Émile Durkheim">Émile Durkheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutidens_filosofi" title="Nutidens filosofi">Nutidens filosofi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strukturalism_(arkitektur)" title="Strukturalism (arkitektur)">Strukturalism inom arkitektur</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strukturalism&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strukturalism&action=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFCuller2011">Culler, Jonathan D. (2011) (på engelska). <i><span>Literary Theory: A Very Short Introduction</span></i>. Very short introductions; 4 (2. ed.). Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-0-19-969134-0" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-0-19-969134-0">ISBN 978-0-19-969134-0</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Literary+Theory%3A+A+Very+Short+Introduction&rft.aulast=Culler&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+D.&rft.au=Culler%2C+Jonathan+D.&rft.date=2011&rft.series=Very+short+introductions%3B+4&rft.edition=2.+ed.&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=%5B%5BOxford+University+Press%5D%5D&rft.isbn=978-0-19-969134-0&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Strukturalism"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFEntzenberg,_Claes_&_Hansson,_Cecilia1993">Entzenberg, Claes & Hansson, Cecilia, red (1993). <i><span>Modern litteraturteori: från rysk formalism till dekonstruktion. D. 2</span></i> (2. uppl.). Lund: Studentlitteratur. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/91-44-33112-6" title="Special:Bokkällor/91-44-33112-6">ISBN 91-44-33112-6</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+litteraturteori%3A+fr%C3%A5n+rysk+formalism+till+dekonstruktion.+D.+2&rft.date=1993&rft.edition=2.+uppl.&rft.place=Lund&rft.pub=Studentlitteratur&rft.isbn=91-44-33112-6&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Strukturalism"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFÅström,_Kenneth2008">Åström, Kenneth, red (2008). <i><span>Termlexikon i litteraturvetenskap: från A till Ö</span></i> (1. uppl.). Lund: Studentlitteratur. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-91-44-04786-7" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-91-44-04786-7">ISBN 978-91-44-04786-7</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Termlexikon+i+litteraturvetenskap%3A+fr%C3%A5n+A+till+%C3%96&rft.date=2008&rft.edition=1.+uppl.&rft.place=Lund&rft.pub=Studentlitteratur&rft.isbn=978-91-44-04786-7&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Strukturalism"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noter">Noter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strukturalism&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitt: Noter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strukturalism&action=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Noter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Entzenberg & Hansson, sid. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Åström, sid. 112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Passer, Michael W. & Smith, Ronald E. <i>Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior</i> (2001), tredje upplagan, <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-0-07-110715-0" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-0-07-110715-0">ISBN 978-0-07-110715-0</a>, s. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Entzenberg & Hansson, sid. 5–6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/svenska/debord/1967/skadespelssamhallet/08.htm#h1">”Skådespelssamhället: Kapitel VIII”</a>. <i><span>www.marxists.org</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.marxists.org/svenska/debord/1967/skadespelssamhallet/08.htm#h1">https://www.marxists.org/svenska/debord/1967/skadespelssamhallet/08.htm#h1</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 8 augusti 2021</span>.  ”[...] Strukturalismens antihistoriska tänkande utgår från en evig närvaro av ett system som aldrig skapats och som aldrig kommer att upphöra. Drömmen om en redan befintlig omedveten strukturs diktatur över all samhällelig praxis har felaktigt härletts ur de strukturmodeller som utarbetats inom lingvistik och etnologi (till och med ur analysen av kapitalismens funktion), modeller som missbrukades redan i dessa sammanhang. [...] å andra sidan formuleras ett försvarstal [...] inom icke-tänkandets tänkande, i en officiell glömska av den historiska praktiken, inom olika vetenskapsgrenar där strukturalismen slagit rot. [...] Strukturalismen är det statligt garanterade tänkandet som betraktar de nuvarande förhållandena med skådespelsartad "kommunikation" som något absolut. Dess sätt att studera budskapens kod i sig själv är ingenting annat än en produkt, och ett erkännande, av ett samhälle där kommunikationen utgörs av en störtflod av hierarkiska signaler. Således är det inte strukturalismen som tjänar till att bevisa skådespelssamhällets överhistoriska giltighet; det är tvärtom skådespelssamhället, som påtvingar sig som kompakt realitet, som tjänar till att bevisa strukturalismens iskalla dröm.”</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Sk%C3%A5despelssamh%C3%A4llet%3A+Kapitel+VIII&rft.atitle=www.marxists.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marxists.org%2Fsvenska%2Fdebord%2F1967%2Fskadespelssamhallet%2F08.htm%23h1&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Strukturalism"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output 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</span> <a href="/wiki/Skolastik" title="Skolastik">Skolastik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Thomism" title="Thomism">Thomism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A4ssanshumanism" title="Renässanshumanism">Renässanshumanism</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;"><a href="/wiki/Islamisk_filosofi" title="Islamisk filosofi">Islamisk</a> och <a href="/wiki/%C3%96sterl%C3%A4ndsk_filosofi" title="Österländsk filosofi">österländsk</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Advaita" title="Advaita">Advaita</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Dvaita" title="Dvaita">Dvaita</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">Kalam</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Neokonfucianism" title="Neokonfucianism">Neokonfucianism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;">Modern tid</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"></div><table class="navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;">Allmänt</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Anarkism" title="Anarkism">Anarkism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Cartesianism" title="Cartesianism">Cartesianism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Determinism" title="Determinism">Determinism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Empirism" title="Empirism">Empirism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Existentialism" title="Existentialism">Existentialism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Fenomenologi" title="Fenomenologi">Fenomenologi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Fundamentism" title="Fundamentism">Fundamentism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Historicism_(filosofi_och_historia)" title="Historicism (filosofi och historia)">Historicism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Holism" title="Holism">Holism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism">Humanism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Antihumanism" title="Antihumanism">Anti-</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Idealism" title="Idealism">Idealism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kollektivism" title="Kollektivism">Kollektivism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Konservatism" title="Konservatism">Konservatism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kontraktualism" title="Kontraktualism">Kontraktualism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Materialism" title="Materialism">Materialism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Monism" title="Monism">Monism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Naturalism_(filosofi)" title="Naturalism (filosofi)">Naturalism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nihilism" title="Nihilism">Nihilism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nykantianism" title="Nykantianism">Nykantianism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nyskolastik" title="Nyskolastik">Nyskolastik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Positivism" title="Positivism">Positivism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Pragmatism" title="Pragmatism">Pragmatism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Rationalism" title="Rationalism">Rationalism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Transcendentalism" title="Transcendentalism">Transcendentalism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Utilitarism" title="Utilitarism">Utilitarism</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;"><a href="/wiki/Nutidens_filosofi" title="Nutidens filosofi">Nutid</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"></div><table class="navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;"><a href="/wiki/Analytisk_filosofi" title="Analytisk filosofi">Analytisk</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Analytisk_marxism" title="Analytisk marxism">Analytisk marxism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Experimentell_filosofi" title="Experimentell filosofi">Experimentell filosofi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Filosofisk_kvietism" title="Filosofisk kvietism">Filosofisk kvietism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Internalism_och_externalism" title="Internalism och externalism">Internalism och externalism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Koherentism" title="Koherentism">Koherentism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kommunitarism" title="Kommunitarism">Kommunitarism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Konsekventialism" title="Konsekventialism">Konsekventialism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Logisk_positivism" title="Logisk positivism">Logisk positivism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Metaetik" title="Metaetik">Metaetik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Normativ_etik" title="Normativ etik">Normativ etik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4ttspositivism" title="Rättspositivism">Rättspositivism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Scientism" title="Scientism">Scientism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Till%C3%A4mpad_etik" title="Tillämpad etik">Tillämpad etik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Vardagsspr%C3%A5ksfilosofi" title="Vardagsspråksfilosofi">Vardagsspråksfilosofi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Vetenskaplig_skepticism" title="Vetenskaplig skepticism">Vetenskaplig skepticism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4rderealism" title="Värderealism">Värderealism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Wienkretsen" title="Wienkretsen">Wienkretsen</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;"><a href="/wiki/Kontinental_filosofi" title="Kontinental filosofi">Kontinental</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Dekonstruktion" title="Dekonstruktion">Dekonstruktion</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Existentialism" title="Existentialism">Existentialism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Feministisk_filosofi" title="Feministisk filosofi">Feministisk</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Fenomenologi" title="Fenomenologi">Fenomenologi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a 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style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;">Övrigt</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"></div><table class="navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Dialektik" title="Dialektik">Dialektik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Formalism" title="Formalism">Formalism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nythomism" title="Nythomism">Nythomism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Objektivism_(Ayn_Rand)" title="Objektivism (Ayn Rand)">Objektivism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a 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