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lang="ja" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r101304250">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style> <table class="box-出典の明記 plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-出典の明記" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-span"> <b>この記事は<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A4%9C%E8%A8%BC%E5%8F%AF%E8%83%BD%E6%80%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:検証可能性">検証可能</a>な<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BF%A1%E9%A0%BC%E3%81%A7%E3%81%8D%E3%82%8B%E6%83%85%E5%A0%B1%E6%BA%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:信頼できる情報源">参考文献や出典</a>が全く示されていないか、不十分です。</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%87%BA%E5%85%B8%E3%82%92%E6%98%8E%E8%A8%98%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:出典を明記する">出典を追加</a>して記事の信頼性向上にご協力ください。<small>（<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:%E5%87%BA%E5%85%B8%E3%81%AE%E6%98%8E%E8%A8%98/doc?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:出典の明記/doc">このテンプレートの使い方</a>）</small><br><small><span class="plainlinks">出典検索<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Find_sources_mainspace?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Find sources mainspace"><sup>?</sup></a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.google.co.jp/search?hl%3Dja%26as_eq%3Dwikipedia%26q%3D%2522%25E9%2595%25B7%25E6%25B1%259F%25E6%2596%2587%25E6%2598%258E%2522%26num%3D50">"長江文明"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.google.co.jp/search?hl%3Dja%26q%3D%2522%25E9%2595%25B7%25E6%25B1%259F%25E6%2596%2587%25E6%2598%258E%2522%26tbm%3Dnws">ニュース</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.google.co.jp/search?hl%3Dja%26tbs%3Dbks:1%26q%3D%2522%25E9%2595%25B7%25E6%25B1%259F%25E6%2596%2587%25E6%2598%258E%2522">書籍</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scholar.google.co.jp/scholar?num%3D100%26hl%3Dja%26q%3D%2522%25E9%2595%25B7%25E6%25B1%259F%25E6%2596%2587%25E6%2598%258E%2522">スカラー</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ci.nii.ac.jp/opensearch/search?lang%3Dja%26q%3D%2522%25E9%2595%25B7%25E6%25B1%259F%25E6%2596%2587%25E6%2598%258E%2522%26range%3D2%26count%3D200%26sortorder%3D1%26type%3D0">CiNii</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/result/global/-char/ja?globalSearchKey%3D%2522%25E9%2595%25B7%25E6%25B1%259F%25E6%2596%2587%25E6%2598%258E%2522">J-STAGE</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/api/openurl?any%3D%2522%25E9%2595%25B7%25E6%25B1%259F%25E6%2596%2587%25E6%2598%258E%2522">NDL</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dlib.jp/?q%3D%2522%25E9%2595%25B7%25E6%25B1%259F%25E6%2596%2587%25E6%2598%258E%2522">dlib.jp</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jpsearch.go.jp/csearch/jps-cross?csid%3Djps-cross%26keyword%3D%2522%25E9%2595%25B7%25E6%25B1%259F%25E6%2596%2587%25E6%2598%258E%2522">ジャパンサーチ</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/">TWL</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date"><span title="2013年11月4日 (月) 03:39 (UTC)">2013年11月</span></span>)</i></span> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><b>長江文明</b>（ちょうこうぶんめい）は、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中国">中国</a><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E6%B1%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="長江">長江</a>流域で起こった複数の古代文明の総称。<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B3%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="黄河文明">黄河文明</a>と共に中国文明の代表とされる。文明の時期として紀元前14000年ごろから紀元前1000年ごろまでが範囲に入る<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E6%B1%9F%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>注釈 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。後の<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%A5%9A_(%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="楚 (春秋)">楚</a>・<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%91%89_(%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="呉 (春秋)">呉</a>・<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B6%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="越">越</a>などの祖になっていると考えられる。</p> <table style="width:158px; height:1000px; border-collapse:collapse; clear:right; float:right; border:1px solid #aaa; margin-left:5px; margin-bottom:5px; font-size:80%; text-align:center; line-height:120%; table-layout:fixed; white-space:nowrap;"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="12" style="background:#efeeee;"> <div style="padding:3px;"> <big><big><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E3%81%AE%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中国の歴史">中国の歴史</a></big></big> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:History_of_China.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="中国歴史"><img alt="中国歴史" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/History_of_China.png" decoding="async" width="158" height="84" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="84"></a> <figcaption> 中国歴史 </figcaption> </figure></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="12" style="background:#ffeeee;padding:3px;"><b><span title="リンク先の項目はまだありません。新規の執筆や他言語版からの翻訳が望まれます。"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E3%81%AE%E5%85%88%E5%8F%B2%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="「中国の先史時代」 (存在しないページ)">先史時代</a><span style="font-size: 0.77em; font-weight: normal;" class="noprint">（<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E5%259B%25BD%25E5%258F%25B2%25E5%2589%258D%25E6%2596%2587%25E5%258C%2596" class="extiw" title="zh:中国史前文化">中国語版</a>）</span></span></b><br><span style="font-size:smaller"><span title="リンク先の項目はまだありません。新規の執筆や他言語版からの翻訳が望まれます。"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%AD%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%80%E8%A6%A7&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="「中国の中石器文化の一覧」 (存在しないページ)">中石器時代</a><span style="font-size: 0.77em; font-weight: normal;" class="noprint">（<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E5%259B%25BD%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E7%259F%25B3%25E5%2599%25A8%25E6%2596%2587%25E5%258C%2596%25E5%2588%2597%25E8%25A1%25A8" class="extiw" title="zh:中国中石器文化列表">中国語版</a>）</span></span></span><br><span style="font-size:smaller"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E3%81%AE%E6%96%B0%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%80%E8%A6%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中国の新石器文化の一覧">新石器時代</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="6" style="height:50px; background:#ffffe1;padding:3px;"><b><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%9A%87%E4%BA%94%E5%B8%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="三皇五帝">三皇五帝</a></b><br><span style="font-size:smaller">（<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%9B%BD%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="古国時代">古国時代</a>）</span></td> <td colspan="6" style="height:50px; background:#ffffff;padding:3px;"><span style="font-size:smaller">（<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B3%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="黄河文明">黄河文明</a>・<br><a class="mw-selflink selflink">長江文明</a>・<br><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%81%BC%E6%B2%B3%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="遼河文明">遼河文明</a>）</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="12" style="height:45px; background:#e1ffe1;padding:3px;"><b><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%8F_(%E4%B8%89%E4%BB%A3)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="夏 (三代)">夏</a></b></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="12" style="height:55px; background:#ffece1;padding:3px;"><b><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AE%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="殷">殷</a></b></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="12" style="height:28px; background:#ffe1ff;padding:3px;"><b><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%91%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="周">周</a></b><span style="font-size:smaller">（<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%91%A8_(%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="西周 (王朝)">西周</a>）</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="height:55px; background:#ffe1ff;padding:3px;" rowspan="2"><b><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%91%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="周">周</a></b><br><span style="font-size:smaller">（<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%91%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="東周">東周</a>）</span></td> <td colspan="8" style="height:30px; background:#ffffe1;padding:3px;"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="春秋時代">春秋時代</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="height:25px; background:#e1ffe1;padding:3px;"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%88%A6%E5%9B%BD%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3_(%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="戦国時代 (中国)">戦国時代</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="12" style="height:2px; background:#ffece1;padding:3px;"><b><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E6%9C%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="秦朝">秦</a></b></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="12" style="height:21px; background:#e1ffe1;padding:3px;"><b><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%BC%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="漢">漢</a></b><span style="font-size:smaller">（<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E6%BC%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="前漢">前漢</a>）</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="12" style="height:2px; background:#ffffe1;padding:3px;"><b><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="新">新</a></b></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="12" style="height:20px; background:#e1ffe1;padding:3px;"><b><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%BC%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="漢">漢</a></b><span style="font-size:smaller">（<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E6%BC%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="後漢">後漢</a>）</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="height:6px; background:#ffffe1;padding:3px;">呉<br><span style="font-size:smaller">（<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%91%89_(%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="呉 (三国)">孫呉</a>）</span></td> <td colspan="4" style="height:6px; background:#d1f8f7;padding:3px;">漢<br><span style="font-size:smaller">（<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%9C%80%E6%BC%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="蜀漢">蜀漢</a>）</span></td> <td colspan="4" style="height:6px; background:#ffe1ff;padding:3px;">魏<br><span style="font-size:smaller">（<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%AD%8F_(%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="魏 (三国)">曹魏</a>）</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="12" style="height:5px; background:#ffece1;padding:3px;"><b><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%99%8B_(%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="晋 (王朝)">晋</a></b><span style="font-size:smaller">（<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%99%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="西晋">西晋</a>）</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="6" style="height:14px; background:#ffece1;padding:3px;"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%99%8B_(%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="晋 (王朝)">晋</a><span style="font-size:smaller">（<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%99%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="東晋">東晋</a>）</span></td> <td colspan="6" style="height:14px; background:#ffffe1;padding:3px;"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E8%83%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="五胡十六国時代">十六国</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="6" style="height:6px; background:#d1f8f7;padding:3px;">宋<span style="font-size:smaller">（<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%8B_(%E5%8D%97%E6%9C%9D)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="宋 (南朝)">劉宋</a>）</span></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="6" style="height:9px; background:#f2d5d5;padding:3px;">魏<span style="font-size:smaller">（<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%AD%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="北魏">北魏</a>）</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="6" style="height:3px; background:#ffffe1;padding:3px;">斉<span style="font-size:smaller">（<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%89_(%E5%8D%97%E6%9C%9D)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="斉 (南朝)">南斉</a>）</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="6" style="height:3px; background:#eeeeff;padding:3px;"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%A2%81_(%E5%8D%97%E6%9C%9D)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="梁 (南朝)">梁</a></td> <td colspan="3" style="height:3px; background:#ffece1;padding:3px;"><span style="font-size:smaller">魏<br> (<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%AD%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="西魏">西魏</a>)</span></td> <td colspan="3" style="height:3px; background:#e1ffe1;padding:3px;"><span style="font-size:smaller">魏<br> (<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E9%AD%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="東魏">東魏</a>)</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="height:3px; background:#ffe1ff;padding:3px;"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%99%B3_(%E5%8D%97%E6%9C%9D)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="陳 (南朝)">陳</a></td> <td colspan="3" style="height:3px; background:#eeeeff;padding:3px;"><span style="font-size:smaller">梁<br> (<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E6%A2%81_(%E5%8D%97%E6%9C%9D)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="後梁 (南朝)">後梁</a>)</span></td> <td colspan="3" style="height:3px; background:#ffece1;padding:3px;">周<br><span style="font-size:smaller">(<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%91%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="北周">北周</a>)</span></td> <td colspan="3" style="height:3px; background:#e1ffe1;padding:3px;">斉<br><span style="font-size:smaller">(<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%96%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="北斉">北斉</a>)</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="12" style="height:4px; background:#ffece1;padding:3px;"><b><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9A%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="隋">隋</a></b></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="height:7px; background:#ffe1ff;padding:3px;" rowspan="3"><b><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%94%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="唐">唐</a></b></td> <td colspan="8" style="height:7px; background:#ffe1ff;padding:3px;"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="height:2px; background:#ffffe1;padding:3px;">周<span style="font-size:smaller">（<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%91%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="武周">武周</a>）</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="height:20px; background:#ffe1ff;padding:3px;"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="height:7px; background:#e1ffe1;padding:3px;"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E4%BB%A3%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%BD%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="五代十国時代">五代十国</a></td> <td colspan="4" style="height:7px; background:#f2d5d5;padding:3px;"><span style="font-size:smaller"><b><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%81%BC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="遼">契丹</a></b></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" style="height:17px; background:#eeeeff;padding:3px;"><b><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%8B_(%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="宋 (王朝)">宋</a></b><br><span style="font-size:smaller">（<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="北宋">北宋</a>）</span></td> <td colspan="3" style="height:15px; background:#d1f8f7;padding:3px;" rowspan="2"><span style="font-size:smaller">夏<br> (<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A4%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="西夏">西夏</a>)</span></td> <td colspan="4" style="height:17px; background:#f2d5d5;padding:3px;"><b><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%81%BC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="遼">遼</a></b></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" style="height:15px; background:#eeeeff;padding:3px;"><b><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%8B_(%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="宋 (王朝)">宋</a></b><br><span style="font-size:smaller">（<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%AE%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="南宋">南宋</a>）</span></td> <td colspan="4" style="height:15px; background:#ffeec1;padding:3px;"><b><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%87%91_(%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="金 (王朝)">金</a></b></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="12" style="height:10px; background:#ffe1ff;padding:3px;"><b><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%83_(%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="元 (王朝)">元</a></b></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="9" style="height:28px; background:#e1ffe1;padding:3px;"><b><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%98%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="明">明</a></b></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="3" style="height:28px; background:#ffe1ff;padding:3px;"><span style="font-size:smaller">元<br> (<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%85%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="北元">北元</a>)</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="height:2px; background:#e1ffe1;padding:3px;" rowspan="2"><span style="font-size:smaller">明<br> （<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%98%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="南明">南明</a>）</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:2px; background:#f2d5d5;padding:3px;"><span style="font-size:smaller"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A0%86_(%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="順 (王朝)">順</a></span></td> <td colspan="3" style="height:2px; background:#ffeec1;padding:3px;"><span style="font-size:smaller"><b><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E9%87%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="後金">後金</a></b></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="height:1px; background:#ffeec1;padding:3px;"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="12" style="height:28px; background:#ffeec1;padding:3px;"><b><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="清">清</a></b></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="12" style="height:2px; background:#e1ffe1;padding:3px;"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="9" style="height:2px; background:#e1ffe1;padding:3px;"><b><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD_(1912%E5%B9%B4-1949%E5%B9%B4)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中華民国 (1912年-1949年)">中華民国</a></b></td> <td colspan="3" style="height:2px; background:#ffeec1;padding:3px;"><span style="font-size:smaller"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%BA%80%E6%B4%B2%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="満洲国">満洲国</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="12" style="height:1px; background:#e1ffe1;padding:3px;"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="height:7px; background:#e1ffe1;padding:3px;"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中華民国">中華<br> 民国</a><br><span style="font-size:smaller">（<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="台湾">台湾</a>） </span></td> <td colspan="8" style="height:7px; background:#ffe1ff;padding:3px;"><b><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中華人民共和国">中華人民共和国</a></b> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r99966302">.mw-parser-output .hlist ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist li,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt{margin-right:0;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:after{white-space:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist li:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:after{content:" ·\a0 ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DTemplate:%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E5%259B%25BD%25E3%2581%25AE%25E6%25AD%25B4%25E5%258F%25B2%26action%3Dhistory"><abbr title="参照先のページの履歴を表示します。">歴</abbr></a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="ja" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">目次</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E6%B1%9F%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E7%99%BA%E8%A6%8B%E3%81%BE%E3%81%A7"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">発見まで</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E6%B1%9F%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E9%95%B7%E6%B1%9F%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E%E3%81%AE%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%B4"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">長江文明の特徴</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E6%B1%9F%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E7%B6%99%E6%89%BF%E8%80%85"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">継承者</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E6%B1%9F%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E4%B8%80%E8%A6%A7"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">一覧</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E6%B1%9F%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E9%95%B7%E6%B1%9F%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">長江文明</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E6%B1%9F%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E%EF%BC%88%E5%8F%A4%E8%9C%80%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E%EF%BC%89"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">四川文明（古蜀文明）</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E6%B1%9F%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">年表</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E6%B1%9F%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E8%84%9A%E6%B3%A8"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">脚注</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E6%B1%9F%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E6%B3%A8%E9%87%88"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">注釈</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E6%B1%9F%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E9%96%A2%E9%80%A3%E9%A0%85%E7%9B%AE"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">関連項目</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E6%B1%9F%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%A4%96%E9%83%A8%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">外部リンク</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="発見まで"><span id=".E7.99.BA.E8.A6.8B.E3.81.BE.E3.81.A7"></span>発見まで</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%B7%E6%B1%9F%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="節を編集: 発見まで" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>編集</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:Yangtze_River_Hanzi.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Yangtze_River_Hanzi.jpg/250px-Yangtze_River_Hanzi.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="154" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="355"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 154px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Yangtze_River_Hanzi.jpg/250px-Yangtze_River_Hanzi.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="154" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Yangtze_River_Hanzi.jpg/375px-Yangtze_River_Hanzi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Yangtze_River_Hanzi.jpg/500px-Yangtze_River_Hanzi.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> 中国を横断する長江 </figcaption> </figure> <p><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/20%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="20世紀">20世紀</a>前半に<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B3%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="黄河文明">黄河文明</a>の<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BB%B0%E9%9F%B6%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="仰韶文化">仰韶文化</a>が発見されて以来、黄河流域で多くの遺跡が見つかったことで中国の文明の発祥は黄河流域であり、その後次第に長江流域といった周辺地域に広がっていったとの見方が支配的であった。</p> <p>しかし<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1973%E5%B9%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1973年">1973年</a>・<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1978%E5%B9%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1978年">1978年</a>の発掘調査で発見された<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B5%99%E6%B1%9F%E7%9C%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="浙江省">浙江省</a><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BD%99%E5%A7%9A%E7%9C%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="余姚県">余姚県</a>の<b><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%A7%86%E6%B8%A1%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="河姆渡文化">河姆渡遺跡</a></b>（かぼといせき）により、この説は覆される。河姆渡遺跡は紀元前6000年から紀元前5000年ごろのものと推定され、大量の稲モミなどの<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A8%B2%E4%BD%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="稲作">稲作</a>の痕跡が発見された。稲作を行っていた事からその住居は<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%BA%8A%E5%BB%BA%E7%89%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="高床建物">高床建物</a>であった。</p> <p>このように河姆渡遺跡は明らかに黄河文明とは系統の異なるものであり、それまでの「中国文明すなわち黄河文明」という当時の定説を大きく覆す事になった<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E6%B1%9F%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>注釈 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <p>更に、東北の<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%81%BC%E6%B2%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="遼河">遼河</a>周辺でも文明の痕跡が発見されるに至り、現在では遼河周辺、黄河上・中・下流域、長江上・中・下流域に分類し、それぞれが互いに影響しあい、かつ独自の発展を遂げていったと考えられている。</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="長江文明の特徴"><span id=".E9.95.B7.E6.B1.9F.E6.96.87.E6.98.8E.E3.81.AE.E7.89.B9.E5.BE.B4"></span>長江文明の特徴</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%B7%E6%B1%9F%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="節を編集: 長江文明の特徴" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>編集</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:CMOC_Treasures_of_Ancient_China_exhibit_-_jade_cong.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/CMOC_Treasures_of_Ancient_China_exhibit_-_jade_cong.jpg/220px-CMOC_Treasures_of_Ancient_China_exhibit_-_jade_cong.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2027" data-file-height="2000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 217px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/CMOC_Treasures_of_Ancient_China_exhibit_-_jade_cong.jpg/220px-CMOC_Treasures_of_Ancient_China_exhibit_-_jade_cong.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="217" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/CMOC_Treasures_of_Ancient_China_exhibit_-_jade_cong.jpg/330px-CMOC_Treasures_of_Ancient_China_exhibit_-_jade_cong.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/CMOC_Treasures_of_Ancient_China_exhibit_-_jade_cong.jpg/440px-CMOC_Treasures_of_Ancient_China_exhibit_-_jade_cong.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> 良渚文化の玉琮 </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:Masque-de-bronze-Sanxingdui.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Masque-de-bronze-Sanxingdui.jpg/220px-Masque-de-bronze-Sanxingdui.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Masque-de-bronze-Sanxingdui.jpg/220px-Masque-de-bronze-Sanxingdui.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Masque-de-bronze-Sanxingdui.jpg/330px-Masque-de-bronze-Sanxingdui.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Masque-de-bronze-Sanxingdui.jpg/440px-Masque-de-bronze-Sanxingdui.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86%E9%81%BA%E8%B7%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="三星堆遺跡">三星堆遺跡</a>の<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E9%8A%85%E7%B8%A6%E7%9B%AE%E4%BB%AE%E9%9D%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="青銅縦目仮面">青銅縦目仮面</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>初期段階より稲作が中心であり、畑作中心の黄河文明との違いからどちらの農耕も独自の経緯で発展したものと見られる。長江文明の発見から稲（<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%9D%E3%83%8B%E3%82%AB%E7%B1%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ジャポニカ米">ジャポニカ米</a>）の原産が長江中流域とほぼ確定され、稲作の発祥もここと見られる。日本の稲作もここが源流と見られる。</p> <p>中流域の<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B1%88%E5%AE%B6%E5%B6%BA%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="屈家嶺文化">屈家嶺文化</a>（くつかりょうぶんか、紀元前3000年? - 紀元前2500年?）・下流域の<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%89%AF%E6%B8%9A%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="良渚文化">良渚文化</a>（りょうしょぶんか、紀元前3300年? - 紀元前2200年?）の時代を最盛期として、後は衰退し、中流域では黄河流域の<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E9%87%8C%E9%A0%AD%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="二里頭文化">二里頭文化</a>が移植されている。黄河流域の人々により征服された結果とも考えられている。</p> <p>河姆渡遺跡からは<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%92%E3%82%B9%E3%82%A4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ヒスイ">玉</a>で作られた玉器や漆器などが発見されており、また<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%91%89%E5%9F%8E%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="呉城文化">呉城文化</a>（紀元前1400年? - 紀元前1000年?）からは<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E5%99%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="磁器">磁器</a>が発見されている。中国文化の重要な一翼を担うこれらの文物の源流がここから出たのではないかとする説もある。</p> <p>これらが後の楚・呉・越に繋がったと考えられるが、どのような流れをたどって繋がるのかは未だ解らない。本格的な発掘が始まってから30年程度しか経っておらず、発見されたものの量に対して研究が追いついていないのが現状である。</p> <p><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D%E7%9B%86%E5%9C%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="四川盆地">四川盆地</a>では長らく文明の発見が無かったが、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1986%E5%B9%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1986年">1986年</a>に<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D%E7%9C%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="四川省">四川省</a><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BE%B3%E9%99%BD%E5%B8%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="徳陽市">徳陽市</a><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BA%83%E6%BC%A2%E7%9C%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="広漢県">広漢県</a>の<b><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86%E9%81%BA%E8%B7%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="三星堆遺跡">三星堆遺跡</a></b>（さんせいたいいせき）から大量の<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E9%8A%85%E5%99%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="青銅器">青銅器</a>などが見つかり、一気に注目されるようになった。</p> <p>四川は地形的に他の地域と途絶しており、そこで発見された文明は黄河・長江とも異質な文明を発展させていた。そこで<b>四川文明</b>と分類されることもある。</p> <p>三星堆の特徴として怪異な面が多数発掘されることがあり、青銅の人像の顔に被せられた黄金面も発掘された。古代にあったとされる<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%9C%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="古蜀">蜀</a>の国だと考えられる。この蜀国は『<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%A8%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="史記">史記</a>』ではほとんど登場せず、まだ中華文明の視野の外の地域であった。唯一、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A7%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="秦">秦</a>の<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%81%B5%E6%96%87%E7%8E%8B_(%E7%A7%A6)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="恵文王 (秦)">恵文王</a>の<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D316%E5%B9%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="紀元前316年">紀元前316年</a>に<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%A6%AC%E9%8C%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="司馬錯">司馬錯</a>によって滅ぼされて、秦の版図に入ったことが記される。</p> <p>なお、蜀地域の地域史書である『<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E9%99%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%BF%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="華陽国志">華陽国志</a>』ではこの古代蜀についての詳しい記述があったが、黄河文明中心史観の時代にあってはこれらの文献は想像の産物だと思われていた。しかし、三星堆遺跡の発見で一躍現実味を帯びたものとなった。</p> <p><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2004%E5%B9%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2004年">2004年</a>現在、長江文明・四川文明とも体系化された文字は見つかっていない。ただし、文字様の記号は見つかっており、その年代は紀元前2000年から紀元前600年とされている。現在出土している最古の<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="甲骨文字">甲骨文字</a>が紀元前1300年くらい（<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E4%B8%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="武丁">武丁</a>期）のものなので、これが文字だとすれば甲骨文字に先んじた文字ということになる。</p> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="継承者"><span id=".E7.B6.99.E6.89.BF.E8.80.85"></span>継承者</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%B7%E6%B1%9F%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="節を編集: 継承者" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>編集</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>長江文明を築きそれを受け継いでいる正確な集団は判明していないが、楚・呉・越がそれに相当すると考えられ、また現在の四川省<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B6%BC%E5%B1%B1%E3%82%A4%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%B7%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="涼山イ族自治州">涼山イ族自治州</a>に住む少数民族<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E6%97%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="イ族">イ族</a>がその末裔ではないかと考察する者もある。</p> <p>イ族は元来涼山には定住しておらず、ピモと呼ばれる祭祀を務める者が死者を弔う際に唄を歌うが、これは魂が先祖の居た地へ戻る道程を表しており、唄われている地名や地理的特徴を遡ると長江周辺へと帰結する、この事から太古は長江流域に住んでいたが漢民族の侵入によって散り散りになりその末裔が現在の涼山へたどり着いたとされる。</p> <p>その古い成り立ちから文化は古代に多く見られる儀式が主体で、家畜や民族の安泰を祈願し木で組んだ門を家畜に潜らせ魔を祓うものや、鶏を処しその結果で占いをするという日本の弥生初期に通ずるアニミズムが残っている。</p> <p><br></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="一覧"><span id=".E4.B8.80.E8.A6.A7"></span>一覧</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%B7%E6%B1%9F%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="節を編集: 一覧" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>編集</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="rellink" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 2em; font-size: 90%;" role="note"> →「<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E3%81%AE%E6%96%B0%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%80%E8%A6%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中国の新石器文化の一覧">中国の新石器文化の一覧</a>」も参照 </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="長江文明"><span id=".E9.95.B7.E6.B1.9F.E6.96.87.E6.98.8E"></span>長江文明</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%B7%E6%B1%9F%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="節を編集: 長江文明" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>編集</span> </a> </span> </div> <dl> <dt> 玉蟾岩遺跡（ぎょくせんがんいせき） </dt> <dd> <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E5%8D%97%E7%9C%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="湖南省">湖南省</a><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%81%93%E7%9C%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="道県">道県</a>。紀元前14000年? - 紀元前12000年? のものとされる。稲モミが見つかっているが、栽培したものかは確定できない。 </dd> <dt> 仙人洞・吊桶環遺跡（せんにんどう・ちょうとうかんいせき） </dt> <dd> <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E8%A5%BF%E7%9C%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="江西省">江西省</a><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%87%E5%B9%B4%E7%9C%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="万年県">万年県</a>。紀元前12000年? 栽培した稲が見つかっており、それまで他から伝播してきたと考えられていた中国の農耕が中国独自でかつ最も古いものの一つだと確かめられた。 </dd> <dt> <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BD%AD%E9%A0%AD%E5%B1%B1%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="彭頭山文化">彭頭山文化</a>（ほうとざんぶんか） </dt> <dd> <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E5%8D%97%E7%9C%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="湖南省">湖南省</a><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%BE%A7%E7%9C%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="澧県">澧県</a>彭頭山遺跡を代表とする。紀元前7000年? - 紀元前5000年? 散播農法が行われており、中国に於ける最古の水稲とされる。 </dd> <dt> <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B8%93%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="大渓文化">大渓文化</a>（たいけいぶんか） </dt> <dd> <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E6%85%B6%E5%B8%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="重慶市">重慶市</a><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%AB%E5%B1%B1%E7%9C%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巫山県">巫山県</a>大渓遺跡を代表とする。紀元前4500年? - 紀元前3300年? 彩文紅陶（紋様を付けた紅い土器）が特徴で、後期には黒陶・灰陶が登場。<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%81%8C%E6%BC%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="灌漑">灌漑農法</a>が確立され、住居地が水の補給のための水辺から大規模に農耕を行う事の出来る平野部へ移動した。 </dd> <dt> <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B1%88%E5%AE%B6%E5%B6%BA%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="屈家嶺文化">屈家嶺文化</a>（くつかりょうぶんか） </dt> <dd> <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E5%8C%97%E7%9C%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="湖北省">湖北省</a><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E5%B1%B1%E7%9C%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="京山県">京山県</a>屈家嶺遺跡。紀元前3000年? - 紀元前2500年? 大渓文化を引き継いで、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%BD%86%E8%BD%A4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="轆轤">轆轤</a>（ろくろ）を使用した黒陶が特徴。河南地方の黄河文明にも影響を与えたと考えられる。 </dd> <dt> <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E5%AE%B6%E6%B2%B3%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="石家河文化">石家河文化</a>（せつかがぶんか） </dt> <dd> 屈家嶺文化から発展し、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E5%8C%97%E7%9C%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="湖北省">湖北省</a><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%96%80%E7%9C%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="天門県">天門県</a>石家河に大規模な都城を作った紀元前2500年ごろを境として屈家嶺と区別する。この都城は南北1.3Km、東西1.1Kmという大きさで、上述の黄河流域の部族と抗争したのはこの頃と考えられる。 </dd> <dt> <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%A7%86%E6%B8%A1%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="河姆渡文化">河姆渡文化</a>（かぼとぶんか） </dt> <dd> <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B5%99%E6%B1%9F%E7%9C%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="浙江省">浙江省</a><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BD%99%E5%A7%9A%E7%9C%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="余姚県">余姚県</a>河姆渡遺跡。紀元前5000年? - 紀元前4000年? 下流域では最古の稲作。狩猟や漁労も併せて行われ、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%82%BF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ブタ">ブタ</a>の家畜化なども行われた。 </dd> <dt> <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%AE%B6%E6%B5%9C%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="馬家浜文化">馬家浜文化</a>（ばかほうぶんか） </dt> <dd> <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B5%99%E6%B1%9F%E7%9C%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="浙江省">浙江省</a><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%B9%96%E5%8C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="南湖区">嘉興市</a>馬家浜。紀元前5000年? - 紀元前3800年? 河姆渡文化を継承、発展させた。灌漑が行われ始め、紅陶が特徴。 </dd> <dt> <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B4%A7%E6%B2%A2%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="崧沢文化">崧沢文化</a>（すうたくぶんか） </dt> <dd> <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="上海市">上海市</a><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E6%B5%A6%E5%8C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="青浦区">青浦区</a>崧沢村。紀元前3800年? - 紀元前3500年? 玉による腕輪など、装飾品が作られ始めた。 </dd> <dt> <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%89%AF%E6%B8%9A%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="良渚文化">良渚文化</a>（りょうしょぶんか） </dt> <dd> <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B5%99%E6%B1%9F%E7%9C%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="浙江省">浙江省</a><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BD%99%E6%9D%AD%E7%9C%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="余杭県">余杭県</a>良渚鎮。紀元前3500年? - 紀元前2200年? 馬家浜・崧沢を受け継いだ。多数の玉器の他に、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%B5%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="絹">絹</a>が出土している。分業や階層化も行われたと見られ、殉死者を伴う墓が発見されている。黄河文明の山東龍山文化とは相互に関係があったと見られ、同時期に衰退したことは何らかの共通の原因があると見られている。 </dd> <dt> <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%91%89%E5%9F%8E%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="呉城文化">呉城文化</a>（ごじょうぶんか） </dt> <dd> <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E8%A5%BF%E7%9C%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="江西省">江西省</a>清江県（現在の<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%A8%9F%E6%A8%B9%E5%B8%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="樟樹市">樟樹市</a>）呉城鎮。紀元前1400年? - 紀元前1000年? 黄河文明とは異質な<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E9%8A%85%E5%99%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="青銅器">青銅器</a>を特徴とし、原始的な磁器なども出土している。 </dd> </dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="四川文明（古蜀文明）"><span id=".E5.9B.9B.E5.B7.9D.E6.96.87.E6.98.8E.EF.BC.88.E5.8F.A4.E8.9C.80.E6.96.87.E6.98.8E.EF.BC.89"></span>四川文明（古蜀文明）</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%B7%E6%B1%9F%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="節を編集: 四川文明（古蜀文明）" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>編集</span> </a> </span> </div> <dl> <dt> <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%9D%E5%A2%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="宝墩文化">宝墩文化</a>（ほうとんぶんか） </dt> <dd> <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%88%90%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="成都市">成都市</a><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%B4%A5%E7%9C%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="新津県">新津県</a>龍馬郷宝墩村。紀元前2500年? - 紀元前1700年?（龍山文化）新石器時代の城壁で囲まれた集落が<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%88%90%E9%83%BD%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="成都平原">成都平原</a>の<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B2%B7%E6%B1%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="岷江">岷江</a><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%89%87%E7%8A%B6%E5%9C%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="扇状地">扇状地</a>に複数存在した。最大の遺跡である宝墩遺跡は1990年代に発見され、発掘が続いている。 </dd> <dt> <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86%E9%81%BA%E8%B7%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="三星堆遺跡">三星堆文化</a>（さんせいたいぶんか） </dt> <dd> <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D%E7%9C%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="四川省">四川省</a><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BE%B3%E9%99%BD%E5%B8%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="徳陽市">徳陽市</a><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BA%83%E6%BC%A2%E7%9C%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="広漢県">広漢県</a>南興鎮の三星堆遺跡に代表される。紀元前1700年? - 紀元前1200年?（夏晩期～商後期）大量の青銅器が出土し、前述の他に目が飛び出た仮面・縦目の仮面・黄金の杖などがあり、また<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%A4%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AC%E3%82%A4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="コヤスガイ">子安貝</a>や<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B1%A1%E7%89%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="象牙">象牙</a>なども集められており、権力の階層があったことがうかがい知れる。青銅器については原始的な部分が無いままに高度な青銅器を作っているため他の地域、 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r86009555">@media screen{.mw-parser-output .fix-domain{border-bottom:dashed 1px}}</style><span class="fix-domain" title="この記述には「独自研究」が含まれているおそれがあります。（2013年6月）">おそらくは黄河流域からの</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template nowrap">[<i><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%8B%AC%E8%87%AA%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E3%81%AF%E8%BC%89%E3%81%9B%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:独自研究は載せない"><span title="この記述には「独自研究」が含まれているおそれがあります。（2013年6月）">独自研究?</span></a></i>]</sup>技術の流入と考えられる。長江文明と同じく文字は発見されていないが、「<span title="リンク先の項目はまだありません。新規の執筆や他言語版からの翻訳が望まれます。"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E8%9C%80%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="「巴蜀文字」 (存在しないページ)">巴蜀文字</a><span style="font-size: 0.77em; font-weight: normal;" class="noprint">（<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%25B7%25B4%25E8%259C%2580%25E5%259B%25BE%25E8%25AF%25AD" class="extiw" title="zh:巴蜀图语">中国語版</a>）</span></span>」と呼ばれる文字らしきものがあり、一部にこれを<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%82%B9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="インダス文字">インダス文字</a>と結びつける説もある。 </dd> <dt> <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%A9%8B%E3%83%BB%E9%87%91%E6%B2%99%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="「十二橋・金沙文化」 (存在しないページ)">十二橋・金沙文化</a>（紀元前1200年 - 紀元前500年、殷後期～春秋後期） </dt> <dt> <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%A9%E6%9C%9F%E8%9C%80%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="「晩期蜀文化」 (存在しないページ)">晩期蜀文化</a>（紀元前500年 - 紀元前316年、春秋晩期～戦国期） </dt> </dl> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="年表"><span id=".E5.B9.B4.E8.A1.A8"></span>年表</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%B7%E6%B1%9F%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="節を編集: 年表" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>編集</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>注：年代には100年単位で誤差がある。同じ系統と見られるものは同じ色で示した。色が付いていない部分については他との関係が見つかっていない、まだ判明していないものである。数字は全て紀元前。黄河流域は参考のために上げただけでこれ以外にもたくさんある。</p> <table style="width: 100%; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"></td> <td style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);">黄河流域</td> <td style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);">上流域</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);">中流域</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);">下流域</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);">紀元前8000年以前</td> <td><br></td> <td><br></td> <td>玉蟾岩遺跡</td> <td>仙人洞・吊桶環遺跡</td> <td><br></td> <td><br></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);">7000<br> |<br> 6000</td> <td><br></td> <td><br></td> <td style="background-color: rgb(204, 255, 255);"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BD%AD%E9%A0%AD%E5%B1%B1%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="彭頭山文化">彭頭山文化</a></td> <td><br></td> <td><br></td> <td><br></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);">6000<br> |<br> 5000</td> <td><br></td> <td><br></td> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(204, 255, 255);"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B9%AF%E5%AE%B6%E5%B4%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="「湯家崗文化」 (存在しないページ)">湯家崗文化</a></td> <td><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%8E%E8%83%8C%E6%B8%93%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="「城背渓文化」 (存在しないページ)">城背渓文化</a></td> <td><br></td> <td><br></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);">5000<br> |<br> 4000</td> <td rowspan="3" style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 204);"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BB%B0%E9%9F%B6%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="仰韶文化">仰韶文化</a></td> <td><br></td> <td><br></td> <td style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 204);"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%AE%B6%E6%B5%9C%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="馬家浜文化">馬家浜文化</a></td> <td style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 204);"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%A7%86%E6%B8%A1%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="河姆渡文化">河姆渡文化</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);">4000<br> |<br> 3000</td> <td><br></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(204, 255, 255);"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B8%93%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="大渓文化">大渓文化</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 204);"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B4%A7%E6%B2%A2%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="崧沢文化">崧沢文化</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><br></td> <td rowspan="3" colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 204);"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%89%AF%E6%B8%9A%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="良渚文化">良渚文化</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);">3000<br> |<br> 2000</td> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 204);"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%BE%8D%E5%B1%B1%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="龍山文化">龍山文化</a></td> <td style="background-color: rgb(153, 255, 153);"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%9D%E5%A2%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="宝墩文化">宝墩遺跡</a>（龍馬古城）</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(204, 255, 255);"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B1%88%E5%AE%B6%E5%B6%BA%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="屈家嶺文化">屈家嶺文化</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="6" style="background-color: rgb(153, 255, 153);"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86%E9%81%BA%E8%B7%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="三星堆遺跡">三星堆遺跡</a></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(204, 255, 255);"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E5%AE%B6%E6%B2%B3%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="石家河文化">石家河文化</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5" style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);">2000<br> |<br> 1000</td> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 204);"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E9%87%8C%E9%A0%AD%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="二里頭文化">二里頭文化</a>（<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%8F_(%E4%B8%89%E4%BB%A3)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="夏 (三代)">夏</a>？）</td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E6%A9%8B%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="「馬橋文化」 (存在しないページ)">馬橋文化</a></td> <td><br></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 204);">二里頭文化</td> <td><br></td> <td><br></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 204);"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E9%87%8C%E5%B2%A1%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="二里岡文化">二里岡文化</a>（<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AE%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="殷">殷</a>遷都前）</td> <td style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 204);">二里岡文化</td> <td><br></td> <td><br></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 204);">殷遷都後</td> <td style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 204);"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AE%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="殷">殷</a></td> <td style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 255);"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%91%89%E5%9F%8E%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="呉城文化">呉城文化</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B9%96%E7%86%9F%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="「湖熟文化」 (存在しないページ)">湖熟文化</a></td> <td><br></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 204);"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%91%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="周">周</a></td> <td rowspan="3" style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 204);">周</td> <td style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 255);" rowspan="3" colspan="1"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%A5%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="楚">楚</a></td> <td><br></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);">1000以降</td> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(153, 255, 153);"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%9C%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="古蜀">巴蜀</a></td> <td><br></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%91%89_(%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="呉 (春秋)">呉</a><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B6%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="越">越</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="脚注"><span id=".E8.84.9A.E6.B3.A8"></span>脚注</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%B7%E6%B1%9F%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="節を編集: 脚注" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>編集</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div class="noprint" style="float:right; font-size:90%;"> [<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E8%84%9A%E6%B3%A8/%E8%AA%AD%E8%80%85%E5%90%91%E3%81%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:脚注/読者向け"><span title="この欄の操作法">脚注の使い方</span></a>] </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="注釈"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.88"></span>注釈</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%B7%E6%B1%9F%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="節を編集: 注釈" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>編集</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E6%B1%9F%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">文明の推定年代については100年単位で誤差がある。</span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E6%B1%9F%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">長江流域ではそれまでもいくつか文明の痕跡が見つかっていたが、それは黄河文明からの派生であると見られていた。</span></li> </ol> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="関連項目"><span id=".E9.96.A2.E9.80.A3.E9.A0.85.E7.9B.AE"></span>関連項目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%B7%E6%B1%9F%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="節を編集: 関連項目" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>編集</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r94202605">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style> <div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox noprint" style="width:22em;"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="40" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist" style="font-size:100%;"> ウィキブックスに<b><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/%25E9%25BB%2584%25E6%25B2%25B3%25E6%2596%2587%25E6%2598%258E%25E3%2583%25BB%25E9%2595%25B7%25E6%25B1%259F%25E6%2596%2587%25E6%2598%258E" class="extiw" title="b:黄河文明・長江文明">黄河文明</a></b>関連の解説書・教科書があります。 </div> </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r94202605"> <div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox noprint" style="width:22em;"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="40" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist" style="font-size:100%;"> ウィキブックスに<b><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/%25E9%25BB%2584%25E6%25B2%25B3%25E6%2596%2587%25E6%2598%258E%25E3%2583%25BB%25E9%2595%25B7%25E6%25B1%259F%25E6%2596%2587%25E6%2598%258E" class="extiw" title="b:黄河文明・長江文明">長江文明</a></b>関連の解説書・教科書があります。 </div> </div> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E3%81%AE%E6%96%B0%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%80%E8%A6%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中国の新石器文化の一覧">中国の新石器文化の一覧</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E3%81%AE%E9%9D%92%E9%8A%85%E5%99%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中国の青銅器">中国の青銅器</a>　</li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B3%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="黄河文明">黄河文明</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%81%BC%E6%B2%B3%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="遼河文明">遼河文明</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%9A%87%E4%BA%94%E5%B8%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="三皇五帝">三皇五帝</a>　</li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="石器時代">石器時代</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="新石器時代">新石器時代</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%88%E5%8F%B2%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="先史時代">先史時代</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="外部リンク"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E3.83.AA.E3.83.B3.E3.82.AF"></span>外部リンク</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%B7%E6%B1%9F%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="節を編集: 外部リンク" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>編集</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://allchinainfo.com/history/simply/changjiang/">中国まるごと百科事典 | 長江文明</a></li> </ul>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" 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