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[{"id":108151431,"identifier":"Attachment_108151431","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":110287587,"created_at":"2023-12-01T04:46:30.569-08:00","from_world_paper_id":244496712,"updated_at":"2024-11-25T04:43:33.722-08:00","_data":{"publisher":"Bucharest University of Economic Studies","grobid_abstract":"The study proposes a fractal-textural qualitative analysis method of disparities in the turnover in Romania, comprising GLCM entropy, fractal entropy and Higuchi 2D dimension. In the open source QuantumGIS platform there were developed cartographic models of the turnover distribution in Romania, at the level of territorial administrative units, for each year between 2000 and 2016. For each year there were established five levels for representing the territorial administrative units, for which a structural analysis of the levels was conducted: 1+2-the smallest values, 3-the mean values and 4+5-the highest values. The proposed model highlighted numerous specificities in the turnover distribution in each development region, the most important being the modeling of the structural crisis in 2009. Perhaps the most important aspect highlighted is the importance of level 3 in generating critical masses for levels 1+2 and 4+5.","publication_date":"2020,,","publication_name":"ECONOMIC COMPUTATION AND ECONOMIC CYBERNETICS STUDIES AND RESEARCH","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"108151431"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Application of Fractal-Structural Methods in the Analysis of Spatial Distribution of the Turnover in Romania","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [1960190]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" 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STUDIES AND RESEARCH</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":108151431,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/110287587/Application_of_Fractal_Structural_Methods_in_the_Analysis_of_Spatial_Distribution_of_the_Turnover_in_Romania"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":108151431,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/110287587/Application_of_Fractal_Structural_Methods_in_the_Analysis_of_Spatial_Distribution_of_the_Turnover_in_Romania"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="108151431" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/110287587/Application_of_Fractal_Structural_Methods_in_the_Analysis_of_Spatial_Distribution_of_the_Turnover_in_Romania" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="31653219" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31653219/Using_fractal_analysis_in_modeling_trends_in_the_national_economy">Using fractal analysis in modeling trends in the national economy</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="60808257" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AldarSamyaev">Aldar Samyaev</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The study aims to develop a methodology for analyzing the trend of concentration of economic activities in the main core of national polycentric network. A spatial projection has been realized in ArcGIS platform, for the period 2000-2012, containing the number of companies, number of employees, turnover and profit. The original images were converted to images created 8-bit grayscale (using open-source software ImageJ) are then analyzed by Higuchi 1D Fractal Dimension algorithm using open-source software IQM. Higuchi fractal dimension provided us very useful information about more or less chaotic disposed in space by the number of companies, the profit, the number of employees and the turnover. From data analysis we observed a increase of Higuchi dimension with the growing economic influence of the main centers of development for all the four parameters. We observed that Higuchi analysis could help in identifying of the increasing of the influence of the main centers on the neighbouring territories, in periods of economic development, or decreasing of influence in the periods of the economic crises. For testing and confirmation of the veracity of Higuchi analysis the results obtained were confirmed by gray box-counting analysis using Fractal Analysis System and Fraclac/ ImageJ. Hence, the Higuchi's fractal dimension is a very good, fast and versatile method for modeling evolution of concentration trends in the national economy.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Using fractal analysis in modeling trends in the national economy","attachmentId":51977568,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31653219/Using_fractal_analysis_in_modeling_trends_in_the_national_economy","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/31653219/Using_fractal_analysis_in_modeling_trends_in_the_national_economy"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="121084553" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/121084553/The_fractal_analysis_an_alternative_to_the_renewal_of_urban_land_in_the_Bejaia_city">The fractal analysis, an alternative to the renewal of urban land in the Bejaia city</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="49037877" href="https://univeguelma.academia.edu/djamelalkama">djamel alkama</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 2020</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" 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data-entity-id="6279104" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6279104/Urban_Dynamics_Fractals_and_Generalized_Entropy">Urban Dynamics, Fractals and Generalized Entropy</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="9708563" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JTened%C3%B3rio">José António Tenedório</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Urban Dynamics, Fractals and Generalized Entropy","attachmentId":33128484,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/6279104/Urban_Dynamics_Fractals_and_Generalized_Entropy","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/6279104/Urban_Dynamics_Fractals_and_Generalized_Entropy"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="26395823" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26395823/Using_Fractal_Dimensions_for_Characterizing_Intra_urban_Diversity_The_Example_of_Brussels">Using Fractal Dimensions for Characterizing Intra-urban Diversity: The Example of Brussels</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="50333571" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PierreFrankhauser">Pierre Frankhauser</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="36673512" href="https://uclouvain.academia.edu/IsabelleThomas">Isabelle Thomas</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2003</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Using Fractal Dimensions for Characterizing Intra-urban Diversity: The Example of Brussels","attachmentId":46696731,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/26395823/Using_Fractal_Dimensions_for_Characterizing_Intra_urban_Diversity_The_Example_of_Brussels","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/26395823/Using_Fractal_Dimensions_for_Characterizing_Intra_urban_Diversity_The_Example_of_Brussels"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="34068247" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34068247/Using_Fractal_Analysis_in_Modeling_the_Dynamics_of_Forest_Areas_and_Economic_Impact_Assessment_Maramures_County_Romania_as_a_Case_Study">Using Fractal Analysis in Modeling the Dynamics of Forest Areas and Economic Impact Assessment: Maramures , County, Romania, as a Case Study</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="67082116" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DobreaRazvan1">Dobrea Razvan</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1960190" href="https://unibuc.academia.edu/IonAndronache">Ion Andronache</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Forests, 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This study uses fractal analysis to quantify the spatial changes of forest resources caused by an increase of deforested areas. The method introduced contributes to the evaluation of forest resources being under significant pressure from anthropogenic activities. The pressure on the forest resources has been analyzed for Maramures , County, one of the most deforested counties in Romania. In order to evaluate this, the deforested areas were calculated for the period of 2001–2014, by using the Global Forest Change 2000–2014 database. The Fractal Fragmentation Index (FFI) and Fixed Grid 2D Lacunarity (FG2DL) were used to quantify the degree of fragmentation and dispersion of the forested areas, and thereby the extent to which a forest area is affected by deforestation. The process of quantifying the pressure on forested areas included the creation of a database for the period of 2000–2014 containing economic activities (turnover) related to woody recourses, important indicators of forest exploitation. Taken together, the results obtained indicate a dramatic increase in deforested areas (over 19,122 ha in total for the period of analysis), in Maramures , County.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Using Fractal Analysis in Modeling the Dynamics of Forest Areas and Economic Impact Assessment: Maramures , County, Romania, as a Case Study","attachmentId":54004172,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/34068247/Using_Fractal_Analysis_in_Modeling_the_Dynamics_of_Forest_Areas_and_Economic_Impact_Assessment_Maramures_County_Romania_as_a_Case_Study","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/34068247/Using_Fractal_Analysis_in_Modeling_the_Dynamics_of_Forest_Areas_and_Economic_Impact_Assessment_Maramures_County_Romania_as_a_Case_Study"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="49250080" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49250080/EXPLAINING_FRACTAL_DIMENSION_IN_POPULOUS_CITIES">EXPLAINING FRACTAL DIMENSION IN POPULOUS CITIES</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="230304" href="https://idu-tr.academia.edu/GizemErdogan">Gizem Erdogan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">EURAU 2014 I COMPOSITE CITIES, 2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Cities are transforming at varying levels from local to global. Alternative ways of measuring this transformation have long been applied, and fractal dimension is one of them. A number of scholars have been studying the urban structure through the usage of fractals and have assessed the relationship between fractal structures and built-up urban areas. Fractal dimension is considered as a statistical magnitude measuring space-filling efficiency, where the space-filling efficiency increases with fractal dimension. However, the scope of the studies using fractal dimension as a measure of space-filling efficiency in cities have been limited to deriving fractal dimensions for either cities or parts of the cities, such as neighborhoods. None of the past studies have aimed to explain the level of fractal dimension pertaining to cities using economic, social and demographic variables. This study aims to construct a simple statistical model to explain the variation in the space-filling efficiency of cities using economic, social and demographic explanatory variables. The space-filling efficiency at the city level is measured by the fractal dimension calculated using box-counting method. The results from a set of randomly selected 17 cities show that the variation in space-filling efficiency of worldwide cities can well be explained by Human Development Index (HDI), population change, income per capita, number of vehicles per capita, and fuel price. The findings indicate that these variables can be used to control the level of space-filling efficiency and develop policies regarding to urban growth possibly against urban sprawl.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"EXPLAINING FRACTAL DIMENSION IN POPULOUS CITIES","attachmentId":67634333,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/49250080/EXPLAINING_FRACTAL_DIMENSION_IN_POPULOUS_CITIES","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/49250080/EXPLAINING_FRACTAL_DIMENSION_IN_POPULOUS_CITIES"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="99086947" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/99086947/A_Fractal_Theory_of_Urban_Growth">A Fractal Theory of Urban Growth</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="242849239" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CarlosMolinero9">Carlos Molinero</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Frontiers in Physics</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper presents an analytical framework for the physical environment of cities using fractal theory. The strength of the approach lies in its simplicity and precision. The equations presented in this article comprise: the number of occupied sites in an area; the population and the length of roads of a city; its fractal dimension; its number of average and maximum levels (floors per building); the average density of population and roads; what are the limits to growth as well as an analysis on some of the city’s scaling laws. These equations describe to a high level of precision the real values measured in the system of the United Kingdom, for every city above 5,000 people, which amounts to a sample size of 1,031 cities. This work will allow further research into the nature of cities, since it enables the creation of synthetic cities, and further analytical derivations that can arise from these building blocks. The paper shows as well how the same set of equations can be used to c...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Fractal Theory of Urban Growth","attachmentId":100267128,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/99086947/A_Fractal_Theory_of_Urban_Growth","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/99086947/A_Fractal_Theory_of_Urban_Growth"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="106814947" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/106814947/Comparing_the_urban_form_of_South_European_Cities_using_fractal_dimensions">Comparing the urban form of South European Cities using fractal dimensions</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="61250338" href="https://uth.academia.edu/ApostolosLagarias">Apostolos M . Lagarias</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This study analyzes the built-up patterns and compares the urban form of South European cities using fractal dimensions. Fractal dimensions are computed with data from the Urban Atlas and the Imperviousness-Soil Sealing Degree Databases. Fractal dimensions (D) are estimated in two different ways, first using binary images making the distinction only between built-up and non built-up areas and then using grayscale images that represent the different densities as identified by the soil sealing degree. Fractal dimensions are estimated and compared for 14 cities in Spain, Portugal, Italy, Greece and Mediterranean France with population exceeding 1 million. The results demonstrate that differences in urban form are significant. Spanish cities are characterized by fragmented development with clustered and contrasted patterns of urbanization and this leads to lower fractal dimensions. On the other hand, in Italian and Portuguese cities, urban form is more homogeneous with development following relatively uniform patterns and therefore D values are significantly higher. Other key findings of the research indicate that: a) when considering the different built-up densities, fractal dimensions are significantly lower, nonetheless the relative ranking of the cities remains about the same, b) irrespective of the methodology used, fractal dimension is highly correlated with the average built-up density, c) The fractal dimension of cities characterized by continuous sprawl is higher than the fractal dimension of cities with elongated urban form and/or discontinuous development in periurban areas.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Comparing the urban form of South European Cities using fractal dimensions","attachmentId":105802321,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/106814947/Comparing_the_urban_form_of_South_European_Cities_using_fractal_dimensions","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/106814947/Comparing_the_urban_form_of_South_European_Cities_using_fractal_dimensions"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="507719" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/507719/FRACTAL_ANALYSIS_AND_THE_URBAN_MORPHOLOGY_OF_A_CITY_IN_A_DEVELOPING_COUNTRY_A_CASE_STUDY_OF_ISTANBUL">FRACTAL ANALYSIS AND THE URBAN MORPHOLOGY OF A CITY IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: A CASE STUDY OF ISTANBUL</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="386686" href="https://ibsu.academia.edu/MichaelMcAdams">Michael McAdams</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"FRACTAL ANALYSIS AND THE URBAN MORPHOLOGY OF A CITY IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: A CASE STUDY OF ISTANBUL","attachmentId":2404248,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/507719/FRACTAL_ANALYSIS_AND_THE_URBAN_MORPHOLOGY_OF_A_CITY_IN_A_DEVELOPING_COUNTRY_A_CASE_STUDY_OF_ISTANBUL","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/507719/FRACTAL_ANALYSIS_AND_THE_URBAN_MORPHOLOGY_OF_A_CITY_IN_A_DEVELOPING_COUNTRY_A_CASE_STUDY_OF_ISTANBUL"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="507716" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/507716/THE_APPLICATION_OF_FRACTAL_ANALYSIS_AND_SPATIAL_TECHNOLOGIES_FOR_URBAN_ANALYSIS">THE APPLICATION OF FRACTAL ANALYSIS AND SPATIAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR URBAN ANALYSIS</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="386686" href="https://ibsu.academia.edu/MichaelMcAdams">Michael McAdams</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"THE APPLICATION OF FRACTAL ANALYSIS AND SPATIAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR URBAN ANALYSIS","attachmentId":2408564,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/507716/THE_APPLICATION_OF_FRACTAL_ANALYSIS_AND_SPATIAL_TECHNOLOGIES_FOR_URBAN_ANALYSIS","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" 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