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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Selection and appointments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Selection_and_appointments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Role" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Role"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Role</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Role-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Role subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Role-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Constitutional" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Constitutional"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Constitutional</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Constitutional-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> 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href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicegobernador_(Canad%C3%A1)" title="Vicegobernador (Canadá) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vicegobernador (Canadá)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%C5%ADtenanta_guberniestro_(Kanado)" title="Leŭtenanta guberniestro (Kanado) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Leŭtenanta guberniestro (Kanado)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieutenant-gouverneur_au_Canada" title="Lieutenant-gouverneur au Canada – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lieutenant-gouverneur au Canada" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BA%90%EB%82%98%EB%8B%A4%EC%9D%98_%EB%B6%80%EC%B4%9D%EB%8F%85" title="캐나다의 부총독 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="캐나다의 부총독" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luogotenente_governatore_(Canada)" title="Luogotenente governatore (Canada) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Luogotenente governatore (Canada)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%94" title="המשנה למושל קנדה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המשנה למושל קנדה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%8A%E3%83%80%E5%89%AF%E7%B7%8F%E7%9D%A3" title="カナダ副総督 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カナダ副総督" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gubernator_porucznik_prowincji_Kanady" title="Gubernator porucznik prowincji Kanady – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gubernator porucznik prowincji Kanady" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82-%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0)" title="Лейтенант-губернатор (Канада) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лейтенант-губернатор (Канада)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%89nh_tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Fng_(Canada)" title="Tỉnh trưởng (Canada) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tỉnh trưởng (Canada)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="border-style:ridge; border-width:2px; border-color:grey;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="padding:0 0.2em; font-size:150%; font-weight:heavy;"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">Monarchy of Canada</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Royal_Cypher_of_King_Charles_III_%28Canada%29.svg/80px-Royal_Cypher_of_King_Charles_III_%28Canada%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Royal_Cypher_of_King_Charles_III_%28Canada%29.svg/120px-Royal_Cypher_of_King_Charles_III_%28Canada%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Royal_Cypher_of_King_Charles_III_%28Canada%29.svg/160px-Royal_Cypher_of_King_Charles_III_%28Canada%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1071" data-file-height="2362" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="border:none; font-size:88%;"> This article is part of a <a href="/wiki/Category:Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Category:Monarchy of Canada">series</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0px 5px 5px 5px;border-top:1px solid #CC0000; font-weight:bold;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_monarchy_in_Canada" title="History of monarchy in Canada">Canadian monarchical history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_monarchs" title="List of Canadian monarchs">Sovereigns of Canada and their consorts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_the_Canadian_provinces" title="Monarchy in the Canadian provinces">Monarchy by provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_British_Columbia" title="Monarchy in British Columbia">BC</a> <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Alberta" title="Monarchy in Alberta">AB</a> <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Saskatchewan" title="Monarchy in Saskatchewan">SK</a> <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Manitoba" title="Monarchy in Manitoba">MB</a> <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Ontario" title="Monarchy in Ontario">ON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Quebec" title="Monarchy in Quebec">QC</a> <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_New_Brunswick" title="Monarchy in New Brunswick">NB</a> <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Nova_Scotia" title="Monarchy in Nova Scotia">NS</a> <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Prince_Edward_Island" title="Monarchy in Prince Edward Island">PE</a> <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Monarchy in Newfoundland and Labrador">NL</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #CC0000; background:transparent; text-align:left; font-weight:bold; padding-left:5px; padding-top:3px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Viceroy" title="Viceroy">Viceroys</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Canada" title="Governor General of Canada">Governor General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_general_of_Canada" title="List of governors general of Canada">List of governors general</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lieutenant governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Canadian_lieutenant_governors_and_commissioners" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current Canadian lieutenant governors and commissioners">LGs by provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_British_Columbia" title="List of lieutenant governors of British Columbia">BC</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Alberta" title="List of lieutenant governors of Alberta">AB</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Saskatchewan" title="List of lieutenant governors of Saskatchewan">SK</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Manitoba" title="List of lieutenant governors of Manitoba">MB</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Ontario" title="List of lieutenant governors of Ontario">ON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Quebec" title="List of lieutenant governors of Quebec">QC</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_New_Brunswick" title="List of lieutenant governors of New Brunswick">NB</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Nova_Scotia" title="List of lieutenant governors of Nova Scotia">NS</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Prince_Edward_Island" title="List of lieutenant governors of Prince Edward Island">PE</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="List of governors of Newfoundland and Labrador">NL</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #CC0000; background:transparent; text-align:left; font-weight:bold; padding-left:5px; padding-top:3px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Government_Houses_in_Canada" title="Government Houses in Canada">Residences</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada#Federal_residences_and_royal_household" title="Monarchy of Canada">household</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rideau_Hall" title="Rideau Hall">Rideau Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citadelle_of_Quebec#Royal_and_viceregal_residence" title="Citadelle of Quebec">La Citadelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_House" title="Government House">Provincial residences or offices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_House_(British_Columbia)" title="Government House (British Columbia)">BC</a> <a href="/wiki/Government_House_(Alberta)" title="Government House (Alberta)">AB</a> <a href="/wiki/Government_House_(Saskatchewan)" title="Government House (Saskatchewan)">SK</a> <a href="/wiki/Government_House_(Manitoba)" title="Government House (Manitoba)">MB</a> <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Legislative_Building#Lieutenant_Governor's_Suite" title="Ontario Legislative Building">ON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89difice_Andr%C3%A9-Laurendeau" title="Édifice André-Laurendeau">QC</a> <a href="/wiki/Government_House_(New_Brunswick)" title="Government House (New Brunswick)">NB</a> <a href="/wiki/Government_House_(Nova_Scotia)" title="Government House (Nova Scotia)">NS</a> <a href="/wiki/Government_House_(Prince_Edward_Island)" title="Government House (Prince Edward Island)">PE</a> <a href="/wiki/Government_House_(Newfoundland_and_Labrador)" title="Government House (Newfoundland and Labrador)">NL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Secretary_to_the_King" title="Canadian Secretary to the King">Secretary to the King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_to_the_Governor_General_of_Canada" title="Secretary to the Governor General of Canada">Secretary to the Governor General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mounted_Police#Personal_Protection_Group" title="Royal Canadian Mounted Police">RCMP Personal Protection Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapel_Royal" title="Chapel Royal">Chapels royal</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #CC0000; background:transparent; text-align:left; font-weight:bold; padding-left:5px; padding-top:3px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Canada" title="Constitution of Canada">Constitution</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/King-in-Council" title="King-in-Council">King-in-Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King-in-Parliament" title="King-in-Parliament">King-in-Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_system_of_Canada" title="Court system of Canada">King-on-the-Bench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_(law)" title="Peace (law)">King's peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada_and_the_Canadian_Armed_Forces" title="Monarchy of Canada and the Canadian Armed Forces">Crown and the Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada_and_the_Indigenous_peoples_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada and the Indigenous peoples of Canada">Crown and Indigenous peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debate_on_the_monarchy_in_Canada" title="Debate on the monarchy in Canada">Monarchical debate</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #CC0000; background:transparent; text-align:left; font-weight:bold; padding-left:5px; padding-top:3px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Canada" title="Law of Canada">Legal</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_charter#Canada" title="Royal charter">Royal charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_royal_commissions" title="List of Canadian royal commissions">Royal commissions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_corporation" title="Crown corporation">Crown corporations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_copyright" title="Crown copyright">Crown copyright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Printer" title="King's Printer">King's Printer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Collection" title="Crown Collection">Crown Collection</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #CC0000; background:transparent; text-align:left; font-weight:bold; padding-left:5px; padding-top:3px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Canada" title="National symbols of Canada">Symbols</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_royal_symbols" title="Canadian royal symbols">Canadian royal symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Seal_of_Canada" title="Great Seal of Canada">Great Seal of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Canada" title="Coat of arms of Canada">Royal Coat of Arms of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_eponyms_in_Canada" title="Royal eponyms in Canada">Royal eponyms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_monuments_in_Canada" title="Royal monuments in Canada">Royal monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_organizations_with_royal_patronage" title="List of Canadian organizations with royal patronage">Royal patronage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_organizations_with_royal_prefix" title="List of Canadian organizations with royal prefix">Royal prefix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Canada#Dominion_of_Canada,_Victorian_period" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Canada">Royal stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Swans" title="Royal Swans">Royal Swans</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #CC0000; background:transparent; text-align:left; font-weight:bold; padding-left:5px; padding-top:3px;;color: var(--color-base)">Related links</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Style_and_title_of_the_Canadian_sovereign" title="Style and title of the Canadian sovereign">Style and title</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrones_of_Canada" title="Thrones of Canada">Thrones of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapel_Royal" title="Chapel Royal">Chapels Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_tours_of_Canada" title="Royal tours of Canada">Royal tours of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_standards_of_Canada" title="Royal standards of Canada">Royal standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Edward%27s_Crown" title="St Edward's Crown">St Edward's Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_cypher" title="Royal cypher">Royal cypher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_Save_the_King" title="God Save the King">Royal anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyal_toast" title="Loyal toast">Loyal toast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Day" title="Victoria Day">Victoria Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_Day" title="Coronation Day">Coronation Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Coronation_Contingent" title="Canadian Coronation Contingent">Coronation Contingent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Jubilee_of_Queen_Victoria" title="Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria">Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria#Golden_and_Diamond_Jubilees" title="Queen Victoria">Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Jubilee_of_George_V" title="Silver Jubilee of George V">Silver Jubilee of George V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Ruby Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Ruby Jubilee of Elizabeth II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamond_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapphire_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Sapphire Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Sapphire Jubilee of Elizabeth II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platinum_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link 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style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 7.9%; top: 59.4%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_British_Columbia" title="Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia">BC</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 18.4%; top: 62.2%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Alberta" title="Lieutenant Governor of Alberta">AB</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 27.8%; top: 67%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Saskatchewan" title="Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan">SK</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 37.6%; top: 68%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Manitoba" title="Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba">MB</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 50%; top: 71.9%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Ontario" title="Lieutenant Governor of Ontario">ON</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 68.6%; top: 68%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Quebec" title="Lieutenant Governor of Quebec">QC</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 79.6%; top: 76%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_New_Brunswick" title="Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick">NB</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 83.9%; top: 70.8%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Prince_Edward_Island" title="Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island">PE</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 86.8%; top: 77%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia">NS</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 90.4%; top: 62.7%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador">NL</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 8%; top: 32.5%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_of_Yukon" title="Commissioner of Yukon">YT</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 21.4%; top: 40.2%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_of_the_Northwest_Territories" title="Commissioner of the Northwest Territories">NT</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 39.3%; top: 42.9%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_of_Nunavut" title="Commissioner of Nunavut">NU</a></b></div> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Canadian Provinces and Territories"><img alt="Canadian Provinces and Territories" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Canada_location_map_2_-_lite.svg/280px-Canada_location_map_2_-_lite.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Canada_location_map_2_-_lite.svg/420px-Canada_location_map_2_-_lite.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Canada_location_map_2_-_lite.svg/560px-Canada_location_map_2_-_lite.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1114" data-file-height="942" /></span></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Lieutenant governors by province and commissioners by territory</div></div> </div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, a <b>lieutenant governor</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> [masculine]: <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">lieutenant-gouverneur</i></span>, or [feminine]: <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">lieutenante-gouverneure</i></span>) is the representative of the <a href="/wiki/King_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Canada">king of Canada</a> in the government of each <a href="/wiki/Canadian_provinces_and_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian provinces and territories">province</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Governor_general_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor general of Canada">governor general of Canada</a> appoints the lieutenant governors on the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_advice" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional advice">advice</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime minister of Canada">prime minister of Canada</a> to carry out most of the monarch's constitutional and ceremonial duties for an unfixed period of time<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—known as serving "<a href="/wiki/At_His_Majesty%27s_pleasure" title="At His Majesty's pleasure">His Excellency’s pleasure</a>"—though five years is the normal convention. Similar positions in <a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">Canada's three territories</a> are termed "<a href="/wiki/Commissioner#Canadian_territories" title="Commissioner">commissioners</a>" and are representatives of the federal government, not the monarch directly. </p><p>The offices have their roots in the 16th and 17th century colonial governors of <a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_North_America" title="British North America">British North America</a>, though the present incarnations of the positions emerged with <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Confederation" title="Canadian Confederation">Canadian Confederation</a> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Act,_1867" title="Constitution Act, 1867">British North America Act</a></i> in 1867, which defined the viceregal offices as the "Lieutenant Governor of the Province acting by and with the Advice the <a href="/wiki/Executive_Council_(Canada)" title="Executive Council (Canada)">Executive Council</a> thereof."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The posts still ultimately represented the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Canada" title="Government of Canada">government of Canada</a> (that is, the <a href="/wiki/King-in-Council" title="King-in-Council">Governor-General-in-Council</a>) until the ruling in 1882 of <a href="/wiki/William_Watson,_Baron_Watson" title="William Watson, Baron Watson">the Lord Watson</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Judicial_Committee_of_the_Privy_Council" title="Judicial Committee of the Privy Council">Judicial Committee of the Privy Council</a> in the case of <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maritime_Bank_v._Receiver-General_of_New_Brunswick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maritime Bank v. Receiver-General of New Brunswick (page does not exist)">Maritime Bank v. Receiver-General of New Brunswick</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Saywell_1957_13–14_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saywell_1957_13–14-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whereafter the lieutenant governors were recognized as the direct representatives of the monarch.<sup id="cite_ref-Kenney_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kenney-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Watson_1892_6_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Watson_1892_6-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Act,_1982" title="Constitution Act, 1982">Constitution Act, 1982</a></i> provides that any constitutional amendment that affects the office of the lieutenant governor requires the unanimous consent of each provincial Legislative Assembly as well as the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Senate</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lieutenant_Governor_(Canada)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e_Emmanuel_Forget.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e_Emmanuel_Forget.png/220px-Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e_Emmanuel_Forget.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e_Emmanuel_Forget.png/330px-Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e_Emmanuel_Forget.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e_Emmanuel_Forget.png 2x" data-file-width="357" data-file-height="467" /></a><figcaption>The first <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_of_Saskatchewan" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant governor of Saskatchewan">lieutenant governor of Saskatchewan</a> (1905–1910), <a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e_E._Forget" title="Amédée E. Forget">Amédée E. Forget</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The position of lieutenant governor has existed in Canada since before <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Confederation" title="Canadian Confederation">Confederation</a> in 1867. In 1786, the post of Governor-in-Chief of <a href="/wiki/British_North_America" title="British North America">British North America</a> was created as a central viceregal office overseeing the British colonies of <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Quebec_(1763%E2%80%931791)" title="Province of Quebec (1763–1791)">Province of Quebec</a>, whose governors then became lieutenant governors, though that of Quebec was occupied simultaneously by the governor-in-chief. This structure remained in place until the partitioning in 1791 of the Province of Quebec into <a href="/wiki/Upper_Canada" title="Upper Canada">Upper Canada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lower_Canada" title="Lower Canada">Lower Canada</a>, which then each had an office of lieutenant governor. The Governor in chief continued to be the lieutenant governor of Lower Canada. </p><p>In 1867, when Canada was created as a federal state, it had four provinces, each with their own lieutenant governor. Under the <i><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Act,_1867" title="Constitution Act, 1867">British North America Act, 1867</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia">Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_New_Brunswick" title="Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick">Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick</a> continued essentially as before.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New positions of <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Ontario" title="Lieutenant Governor of Ontario">Lieutenant Governor of Ontario</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Quebec" title="Lieutenant Governor of Quebec">Lieutenant Governor of Quebec</a> were created for the new provinces of <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-VictoriaV63_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VictoriaV63-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thereafter, when other colonies joined Canada, their governors became lieutenant governors,<sup id="cite_ref-LGs1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LGs1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the creation of new provinces out of <a href="/wiki/Rupert%27s_Land" title="Rupert's Land">Rupert's Land</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a>—which each had <a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_the_Northwest_Territories" class="mw-redirect" title="List of lieutenant governors of the Northwest Territories">their own lieutenant governors</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—led to the establishment of new viceregal posts.<sup id="cite_ref-LGs2_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LGs2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beginning immediately after confederation, the <a href="/wiki/Dominion" title="Dominion">Dominion</a> government and the <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Office" title="Colonial Office">Colonial Office</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> considered the lieutenant governors as representatives of, and subordinate to, the governor general in <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a>, reflecting the view of <a href="/wiki/John_A._Macdonald" title="John A. Macdonald">John A. Macdonald</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Stanley,_15th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Stanley, 15th Earl of Derby">the Earl of Derby</a>, who set up the <i>Constitution Act, 1867</i>, so as to have the lieutenant governors appointed by the governor general, and who expected that <a href="/wiki/Royal_Assent" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Assent">Royal Assent</a> would be given in the name of the governor general, rather than the King.<sup id="cite_ref-Jackson6_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jackson6-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was a deliberate constitutional choice in reaction to the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, which had proven a potent "disastrous outcome of the doctrine of <a href="/wiki/States%27_rights" title="States' rights">states' rights</a>" that characterized <a href="/wiki/Governor_(United_States)" title="Governor (United States)">American federalism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcInnis1947291_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcInnis1947291-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A ruling by the <a href="/wiki/Judicial_Committee_of_the_Privy_Council" title="Judicial Committee of the Privy Council">Judicial Committee of the Privy Council</a> in 1882 altered this view,<sup id="cite_ref-Saywell_1957_13–14_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saywell_1957_13–14-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> establishing that the lieutenant governors represented the Queen in the provinces as much as the governor general did in the federal jurisdiction.<sup id="cite_ref-Kenney_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kenney-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Watson_1892_6_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Watson_1892_6-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, <a href="/wiki/Governors_of_the_Australian_states" title="Governors of the Australian states">unlike in the Australian federation</a> formed in 1901, lieutenant governors remain selected on the advice of the federal prime minister rather than the provincial premiers, and federal governments remain <a href="/wiki/Disallowance_and_reservation_in_Canada" title="Disallowance and reservation in Canada">theoretically capable of disallowing provincial legislation</a>, whether from the reservation by a lieutenant governor or not. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selection_and_appointments">Selection and appointments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lieutenant_Governor_(Canada)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Selection and appointments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lieutenant_Governors_of_Canada_in_1925.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Lieutenant_Governors_of_Canada_in_1925.jpg/220px-Lieutenant_Governors_of_Canada_in_1925.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Lieutenant_Governors_of_Canada_in_1925.jpg/330px-Lieutenant_Governors_of_Canada_in_1925.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Lieutenant_Governors_of_Canada_in_1925.jpg/440px-Lieutenant_Governors_of_Canada_in_1925.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1429" data-file-height="996" /></a><figcaption>A meeting of Canada's lieutenant governors in September 1925; standing, from left to right: <a href="/wiki/Henry_William_Newlands" title="Henry William Newlands">Henry William Newlands</a> (Saskatchewan), <a href="/wiki/Walter_Cameron_Nichol" title="Walter Cameron Nichol">Walter Cameron Nichol</a> (British Columbia), <a href="/wiki/Frank_Richard_Heartz" title="Frank Richard Heartz">Frank Richard Heartz</a> (Prince Edward Island), <a href="/wiki/James_Albert_Manning_Aikins" title="James Albert Manning Aikins">James Albert Manning Aikins</a> (Manitoba); seated, left to right: <a href="/wiki/James_Robson_Douglas" title="James Robson Douglas">James Robson Douglas</a> (Nova Scotia), <a href="/wiki/Narcisse_P%C3%A9rodeau" title="Narcisse Pérodeau">Narcisse Pérodeau</a> (Quebec), <a href="/wiki/Henry_Cockshutt" title="Henry Cockshutt">Henry Cockshutt</a> (Ontario), and <a href="/wiki/William_Frederick_Todd" title="William Frederick Todd">William Frederick Todd</a> (New Brunswick); (missing: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Brett" title="Robert Brett">Robert Brett</a> (Alberta)</figcaption></figure> <p>Unlike the federal viceroy, the Canadian lieutenant-governors have been since 1867, if not Canadian-born, at least long-time residents of Canada and not of the <a href="/wiki/Peerage" title="Peerage">peerage</a>, though a number, up until the <a href="/wiki/Nickle_Resolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Nickle Resolution">Nickle Resolution</a> in 1919, were <a href="/wiki/Knighthood" class="mw-redirect" title="Knighthood">knighted</a>. While required by the tenets of constitutional monarchy to be <a href="/wiki/Nonpartisanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonpartisanism">nonpartisan</a> during their time in office, lieutenant-governors have frequently been former politicians and some have returned to politics following their viceregal service. Canadian lieutenant governorships have also been used to promote women and <a href="/wiki/Minority_group" title="Minority group">minorities</a> into a prominent position:<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first female viceroy in Canada was <a href="/wiki/Pauline_Mills_McGibbon" title="Pauline Mills McGibbon">Pauline Mills McGibbon</a>, Lieutenant Governor of Ontario from 1974 to 1980, and many women have since served in both that province and others. There have been two <a href="/wiki/Black_Canadians" title="Black Canadians">Black</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Alexander" title="Lincoln Alexander">Lincoln Alexander</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mayann_E._Francis" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayann E. Francis">Mayann E. Francis</a>) and several <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Canada" title="Indigenous peoples in Canada">Indigenous</a> lieutenant governors. <a href="/wiki/Norman_Kwong" title="Norman Kwong">Norman Kwong</a>, Lieutenant Governor of Alberta from 2005 to 2010, was <a href="/wiki/Chinese-Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese-Canadian">Chinese-Canadian</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Lam_(real_estate_entrepreneur)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Lam (real estate entrepreneur)">David Lam</a>, the Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia from 1988 to 1995, was <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong Canadian">Hong Kong-Canadian</a>. Former Lieutenant-Governor of Quebec <a href="/wiki/Lise_Thibault" title="Lise Thibault">Lise Thibault</a> used a <a href="/wiki/Wheelchair" title="Wheelchair">wheelchair</a>, while <a href="/wiki/David_Onley" title="David Onley">David Onley</a>, the former Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario, had <a href="/wiki/Polio" title="Polio">polio</a> as a child and used crutches or a <a href="/wiki/Mobility_scooter" title="Mobility scooter">scooter</a>. </p><p>The lieutenant-governors are appointed by the <a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Canada" title="Governor General of Canada">Governor General of Canada</a> on the advice of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">prime minister</a>. There is no constitutional requirement or consistent practice for the Prime Minister to consult with the province's premier on the appointment of the lieutenant governor.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lieutenant_Governor%27s_Commission_of_Appointment,_1925.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Lieutenant_Governor%27s_Commission_of_Appointment%2C_1925.jpg/220px-Lieutenant_Governor%27s_Commission_of_Appointment%2C_1925.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Lieutenant_Governor%27s_Commission_of_Appointment%2C_1925.jpg/330px-Lieutenant_Governor%27s_Commission_of_Appointment%2C_1925.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Lieutenant_Governor%27s_Commission_of_Appointment%2C_1925.jpg/440px-Lieutenant_Governor%27s_Commission_of_Appointment%2C_1925.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2879" data-file-height="2152" /></a><figcaption>Lieutenant Governor's Commission of Appointment, 1925. Appointing James Robson Douglas as lieutenant governor of Nova Scotia.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lieutenant_Governor%27s_Commission_of_Appointment,_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Lieutenant_Governor%27s_Commission_of_Appointment%2C_2006.jpg/220px-Lieutenant_Governor%27s_Commission_of_Appointment%2C_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Lieutenant_Governor%27s_Commission_of_Appointment%2C_2006.jpg/330px-Lieutenant_Governor%27s_Commission_of_Appointment%2C_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Lieutenant_Governor%27s_Commission_of_Appointment%2C_2006.jpg/440px-Lieutenant_Governor%27s_Commission_of_Appointment%2C_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1053" data-file-height="1315" /></a><figcaption>Lieutenant Governor's Commission of Appointment, 2006. Appointing Mayann E. Francis as lieutenant governor of Nova Scotia.</figcaption></figure> <p>Besides the administration of the oaths of office, there is no set formula for the swearing-in of a lieutenant-governor-designate. Though there may therefore be variations to the following, the appointee will generally travel to the legislative assembly building in the provincial capital, where a <a href="/wiki/Guard_of_honour" title="Guard of honour">guard of honour</a> awaits to give a <a href="/wiki/Salute#Small_arms_salutes" title="Salute">general salute</a>. From there, the party is led by the speaker of the legislative assembly to the legislative chamber, wherein all justices of the province's superior court, <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Legislative_Assembly#Canada" title="Member of the Legislative Assembly">members of the legislative assembly</a>, and other guests are assembled. The governor general's commission for the lieutenant-governor-designate is then read aloud, and the required oaths are administered to the appointee by either the governor general or a delegate thereof; the three oaths are: the <a href="/wiki/Oath_of_Allegiance_(Canada)" title="Oath of Allegiance (Canada)">Oath of Allegiance</a>, the Oath of Office as lieutenant-governor, and the oath as keeper of the province's great seal.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the affixing of their signature to these three solemn promises, the individual is officially the lieutenant governor, and at that moment the <a href="/wiki/Honors_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Honors music">Viceregal Salute</a> is played and a 15-<a href="/wiki/Salute#Heavy_arms:_gun_salutes" title="Salute">gun salute</a> is conducted outside.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lieutenant governor then receives the insignia of the province's order or orders. Since the appointment in 1956 of <a href="/wiki/John_J._Bowlen" title="John J. Bowlen">John J. Bowlen</a> as Lieutenant Governor of Alberta, newly installed lieutenant governors will, at some point in the first year of their mandate, be invited to a personal <a href="/wiki/Audience_(meeting)" title="Audience (meeting)">audience</a> with the monarch.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ruth_%26_George_Stanley.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Ruth_%26_George_Stanley.jpg/220px-Ruth_%26_George_Stanley.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Ruth_%26_George_Stanley.jpg/330px-Ruth_%26_George_Stanley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Ruth_%26_George_Stanley.jpg/440px-Ruth_%26_George_Stanley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="912" data-file-height="1386" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/George_Stanley" title="George Stanley">George Stanley</a> (left), designer of the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Canada" title="Flag of Canada">Canadian national flag</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_of_New_Brunswick" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant governor of New Brunswick">lieutenant governor of New Brunswick</a> from 1981 to 1987, with his wife, Ruth</figcaption></figure> <p>Though incumbents are constitutionally mandated to serve for at least five years, unless the federal parliament agrees to remove the individual from office,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the lieutenant-governors still technically act <a href="/wiki/At_His_Majesty%27s_pleasure" title="At His Majesty's pleasure">at the governor general's pleasure</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Gaz139_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaz139-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> meaning the prime minister may recommend to the governor general that a lieutenant governor remain in the Crown's service for a longer period of time, sometimes upwards of more than ten years.<sup id="cite_ref-Term1_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Term1-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A lieutenant governor may also resign<sup id="cite_ref-Term2_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Term2-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and some have died in office.<sup id="cite_ref-Term3_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Term3-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The governor general also has the power to appoint a person as "administrator", to act in the place of a lieutenant-governor who is unable to act, for example due to illness or absence from the province.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 1953, the practice has been that the chief justice of the province has a standing appointment to act as administrator. If the position of lieutenant governor is vacant, for example due to the death of the lieutenant governor, the administrator is not able to act until a new lieutenant governor is appointed.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This situation arose in Saskatchewan in 1978, when the Lieutenant Governor, <a href="/wiki/George_Porteous" title="George Porteous">George Porteous</a>, died suddenly on February 6, 1978. The administrator, <a href="/wiki/E._M._Culliton" title="E. M. Culliton">Chief Justice Culliton</a>, declined to exercise any powers of the Lieutenant-Governor, on the basis that he had no power to act when the office was vacant. The <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Justice_(Canada)" title="Department of Justice (Canada)">federal Department of Justice</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Prime_Minister_(Canada)" title="Office of the Prime Minister (Canada)">Prime Minister's Office</a> took the same position.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, the Saskatchewan Government could not recall the <a href="/wiki/Prorogation_in_Canada" title="Prorogation in Canada">prorogued Legislative Assembly</a>, nor pass any orders-in-council to proclaim statutes in force, pass regulations, or exercise any other statutory powers requiring an order-in-council. This situation lasted until the federal government appointed Porteous's successor, <a href="/wiki/Irwin_McIntosh" title="Irwin McIntosh">Irwin McIntosh</a>, on February 22, 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Role">Role</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lieutenant_Governor_(Canada)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Role"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_the_Canadian_provinces#Federal_and_provincial_aspects" title="Monarchy in the Canadian provinces">Monarchy in the Canadian provinces § Federal and provincial aspects</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Canadian_federalism" title="Canadian federalism">Canadian federalism</a></div> <p>As the Canadian monarch is shared equally amongst the ten provinces of Canada, as well as the federal realm, and the sovereign lives outside Canada's borders, a lieutenant governors' primary task is to perform the sovereign's constitutional duties on his or her behalf, acting within the principles of <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary democracy">parliamentary democracy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Responsible_government" title="Responsible government">responsible government</a> as a guarantor of continuous and stable governance, and as a <a href="/wiki/Nonpartisanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonpartisanism">nonpartisan</a> safeguard against the abuse of power.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MacLeod34_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacLeod34-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The office is the core of authority in a province.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the most part, the powers of the Crown are exercised on a day-to-day basis by elected and appointed individuals, leaving the lieutenant-governors to perform the various ceremonial duties the sovereign otherwise carries out when in the country; at such a moment, a lieutenant-governor will decrease his or her public appearances, though the presence of the monarch does not undermine any lieutenant-governor's ability to perform governmental roles.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Constitutional">Constitutional</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lieutenant_Governor_(Canada)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Constitutional"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_the_Canadian_provinces#Constitutional_role" title="Monarchy in the Canadian provinces">Monarchy in the Canadian provinces § Constitutional role</a></div> <p>Though the monarch retains all <a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">executive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislative</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">judicial</a> power in and over Canada,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MacLeod17_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacLeod17-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the lieutenant governors are permitted to exercise most of this, including the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Prerogative" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Prerogative">Royal Prerogative</a>, in the sovereign's name, as laid out in various acts in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Canada" title="Constitution of Canada">constitution</a>, though most revolve around the original clauses in section V of the <i><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Act,_1867" title="Constitution Act, 1867">Constitution Act, 1867</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-VictoriaV_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VictoriaV-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While they continue to be appointed by the governor general, the lieutenant governors are considered to be direct representatives of the sovereign. In a province, it is thus the lieutenant governor who is required to appoint persons to the <a href="/wiki/Executive_Council_(Canada)" title="Executive Council (Canada)">executive council</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_(government)" title="Cabinet (government)">cabinet</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Convention_(norm)#Government" title="Convention (norm)">convention</a> dictates that the lieutenant governor must further draw from them an individual to act as <a href="/wiki/Premier_(Canada)" title="Premier (Canada)">premier</a><sup id="cite_ref-VictoriaV63_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VictoriaV63-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—in almost all cases the <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Legislative_Assembly#Canada" title="Member of the Legislative Assembly">member of the legislative assembly</a> who commands the <a href="/wiki/Confidence_and_supply" title="Confidence and supply">confidence</a> of the legislature. This group of <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_the_Crown" title="Minister of the Crown">ministers of the Crown</a> is theoretically tasked with tendering to the viceroy guidance on the exercise of the Royal Prerogative, an arrangement called the <i><a href="/wiki/King-in-Council" title="King-in-Council">King-in-Council</a></i> or,<sup id="cite_ref-MacLeod17_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacLeod17-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> more specifically, the <i>Governor-in-Council</i>, in which capacity the lieutenant governor will issue royal <a href="/wiki/Proclamation" title="Proclamation">proclamations</a> and sign <a href="/wiki/Order_in_Council" title="Order in Council">orders in council</a>. The Governor-in-Council of both Nova Scotia and New Brunswick are also specifically tasked to appoint in the King's name the judges of the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_probate" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of probate">courts of probate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Advice_(constitutional)" class="mw-redirect" title="Advice (constitutional)">advice</a> given by the cabinet is, in order to ensure the stability of government, typically binding; the viceroy may, in exceptional circumstances, invoke the <a href="/wiki/Reserve_powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Reserve powers">reserve powers</a>, which remain the Crown's final check against a ministry's abuse of power.<sup id="cite_ref-RP_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RP-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Albert_Matthews.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Albert_Matthews.jpg/220px-Albert_Matthews.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Albert_Matthews.jpg/330px-Albert_Matthews.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Albert_Matthews.jpg/440px-Albert_Matthews.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1034" data-file-height="819" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Albert_Edward_Matthews" title="Albert Edward Matthews">Albert Edward Matthews</a>, lieutenant governor of Ontario, whom <a href="/wiki/Mitchell_Hepburn" title="Mitchell Hepburn">Mitchell Hepburn</a> avoided completely throughout the latter's service as <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Ontario" title="Premier of Ontario">premier</a><sup id="cite_ref-Boyce102_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boyce102-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The lieutenant-governor alone is also constitutionally mandated to summon the legislature.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beyond that, the viceroy carries out the other conventional parliamentary duties in the sovereign's stead, including reading the <a href="/wiki/Speech_from_the_throne" title="Speech from the throne">Speech From the Throne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Legislative_session#Prorogation" title="Legislative session">proroguing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_parliament" title="Dissolution of parliament">dissolving</a> parliament. The lieutenant-governor also grants <a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">royal assent</a> in the King's name; legally, granting royal assent (making the bill law), withholding royal assent (vetoing the bill), or reserving the bill for the signification of the governor general's pleasure.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If the governor general withholds royal assent, the sovereign may within two years <a href="/wiki/Disallowance_and_reservation_in_Canada" title="Disallowance and reservation in Canada">disallow</a> the bill, thereby annulling the law in question. </p><p>R. MacGregor Dawson opined that, following Confederation, the lieutenant-governors diverged from the governor general in that they continued to demonstrate a power independent of the Cabinet and parliament; lieutenant-governors had variously dismissed governments, refused the advice of ministers, and insisted on the creation of <a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Commission">royal commissions</a>. Altogether, lieutenant-governors had also withheld Royal Assent to bills 28 times and reserved bills for the consideration of the governor general 71 times. The last example of the former was in 1945 and the latter in 1961.<sup id="cite_ref-RA1_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RA1-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Boyce102_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boyce102-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Relations between lieutenant governor and Cabinet have also at times been strained by ministers' unwillingness to openly acknowledge the authority of a federal appointee, often recommended by a federal prime minister who adhered to different political beliefs.<sup id="cite_ref-Boyce102_54-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boyce102-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ceremonial">Ceremonial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lieutenant_Governor_(Canada)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ceremonial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_the_Canadian_provinces#Cultural_role" title="Monarchy in the Canadian provinces">Monarchy in the Canadian provinces § Cultural role</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canada%27s_Governor_General,_Lieutenant_Governors,_Territorial_Commissioners_and_their_Private_Secretaries,_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Canada%27s_Governor_General%2C_Lieutenant_Governors%2C_Territorial_Commissioners_and_their_Private_Secretaries%2C_2016.jpg/220px-Canada%27s_Governor_General%2C_Lieutenant_Governors%2C_Territorial_Commissioners_and_their_Private_Secretaries%2C_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Canada%27s_Governor_General%2C_Lieutenant_Governors%2C_Territorial_Commissioners_and_their_Private_Secretaries%2C_2016.jpg/330px-Canada%27s_Governor_General%2C_Lieutenant_Governors%2C_Territorial_Commissioners_and_their_Private_Secretaries%2C_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Canada%27s_Governor_General%2C_Lieutenant_Governors%2C_Territorial_Commissioners_and_their_Private_Secretaries%2C_2016.jpg/440px-Canada%27s_Governor_General%2C_Lieutenant_Governors%2C_Territorial_Commissioners_and_their_Private_Secretaries%2C_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Canada's governor general, lieutenant governors, territorial commissioners and their private secretaries, 2016</figcaption></figure> <p>With most constitutional functions lent to cabinet, a lieutenant governor acts in a primarily ceremonial fashion, carrying out some of the ritual duties normally associated with heads of state and thus symbolizing the sovereignty of the provinces within confederation.<sup id="cite_ref-DCH4_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DCH4-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The provincial viceroys have been said to be, outside of Quebec, "a focus of community ideals and a reinforcement of provincial identity."<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pierre_Duchesne_Vice-Regal_Salute.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Pierre_Duchesne_Vice-Regal_Salute.jpg/220px-Pierre_Duchesne_Vice-Regal_Salute.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Pierre_Duchesne_Vice-Regal_Salute.jpg/330px-Pierre_Duchesne_Vice-Regal_Salute.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Pierre_Duchesne_Vice-Regal_Salute.jpg/440px-Pierre_Duchesne_Vice-Regal_Salute.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3089" data-file-height="2051" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Quebec" title="Lieutenant Governor of Quebec">Lieutenant Governor of Quebec</a> <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Duchesne" title="Pierre Duchesne">Pierre Duchesne</a> receives the viceregal salute at <a href="/wiki/Remembrance_Day" title="Remembrance Day">Remembrance Day</a> ceremonies in 2010.</figcaption></figure> <p>The lieutenant governor hosts members of the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada#Canada's_royal_family_and_house" title="Monarchy of Canada">Canadian Royal Family</a>, as well as foreign royalty and heads of state, and is also tasked with fostering national unity and pride. One way in which this is carried out is travelling the province and meeting with residents from all regions and <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in Canada">ethnic groups</a>, some of whom a lieutenant governor will induct into the <a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_Canadian_provinces" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of the Canadian provinces">province's orders</a> and present to others medals and decorations. This travel takes place mostly within a lieutenant governor's province, the viceroys rarely performing state duties anywhere else in Canada, and never internationally, unless it is on behalf of the monarch in a federal capacity;<sup id="cite_ref-Duties_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duties-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it has been argued that the provincial representatives of the King should start to undertake trips to represent their province abroad.<sup id="cite_ref-Jackson_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jackson-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the exercise of these duties, the lieutenant governors may sometimes receive advice from the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Canadian_Heritage" title="Department of Canadian Heritage">Department of Canadian Heritage</a> Ceremonial and Canadian Symbols Promotion Program.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During a provincial election, a lieutenant governor will curtail these public duties, so as not to appear as though they are involving themselves in political affairs. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lieutenant_Governor%27s_Recognition_Badge.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Lieutenant_Governor%27s_Recognition_Badge.tif/lossless-page1-220px-Lieutenant_Governor%27s_Recognition_Badge.tif.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Lieutenant_Governor%27s_Recognition_Badge.tif/lossless-page1-330px-Lieutenant_Governor%27s_Recognition_Badge.tif.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Lieutenant_Governor%27s_Recognition_Badge.tif/lossless-page1-440px-Lieutenant_Governor%27s_Recognition_Badge.tif.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Lieutenant Governor's Recognition Badge</figcaption></figure> <p>The viceroys themselves also offer awards, such as the Lieutenant Governor's Award for Outstanding Service to Rural Saskatchewan, the Lieutenant Governor's Nova Scotia Talent Trust Award, and the Lieutenant Governor's Award for Excellence in Architecture, awarded in <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Heritage_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Heritage Canada">Heritage Canada</a> Foundation also presents the Lieutenant Governor's Award,<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> presented to an individual or group who has achieved an outstanding result in heritage conservation in the province in which the Heritage Canada Foundation's annual conference is held. Further, the lieutenant governors (as well as the territorial commissioners) present the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vice-Regal_and_Commissioners%27_Commendation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vice-Regal and Commissioners' Commendation (page does not exist)">Vice-Regal and Commissioners' Commendation</a> to individuals who offer their service—paid or volunteer—to the viceregal offices.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was originally intended to be a distinction in place of appointment to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Victorian_Order" title="Royal Victorian Order">Royal Victorian Order</a>, regularly granted to those who aided the monarch or governor general with distinction, but nominees from the lieutenant governors were frequently overlooked by staff at <a href="/wiki/Rideau_Hall" title="Rideau Hall">Rideau Hall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After 1984, suggestions from the lieutenant governors' offices for membership in the Royal Victorian Order were more readily accepted and the Vice-Regal and Commissioners' Commendation became an award for one or more commendable acts benefiting the viceroy.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symbols_and_protocol">Symbols and protocol</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lieutenant_Governor_(Canada)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Symbols and protocol"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> As the personal representative of the monarch, a lieutenant-governor follows only the sovereign in the province's <a href="/wiki/Order_of_precedence" title="Order of precedence">order of precedence</a>, preceding even other members of the Royal Family. Though the federal viceroy is considered <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Primus_inter_pares" title="Primus inter pares">primus inter pares</a></i></span> amongst his or her provincial counterparts, the governor general also takes a lower rank to the lieutenant-governors in the provincial spheres; at federal functions, the governor general, as the King's representative in the country, precedes the lieutenant-governors.<sup id="cite_ref-DCHflags_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DCHflags-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An incumbent lieutenant governor is also entitled to the use of the <a href="/wiki/Style_(manner_of_address)" class="mw-redirect" title="Style (manner of address)">style</a> <a href="/wiki/His_Honour" class="mw-redirect" title="His Honour"><i>His</i> or <i>Her Honour</i></a>,<sup id="cite_ref-DND11-2_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DND11-2-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MacLeod37_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacLeod37-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is granted the additional honorific of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Honourable" title="The Honourable">The Honourable</a></i> for their time in office and for life afterwards.<sup id="cite_ref-HEritage-styles_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HEritage-styles-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PWGSC-styles_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PWGSC-styles-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GC-CA-Table-Of-Titles_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GC-CA-Table-Of-Titles-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ray_Lawson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Ray_Lawson.jpg/220px-Ray_Lawson.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Ray_Lawson.jpg/330px-Ray_Lawson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Ray_Lawson.jpg/440px-Ray_Lawson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="815" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ray_Lawson" title="Ray Lawson">Ray Lawson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_of_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant governor of Ontario">lieutenant governor of Ontario</a> from 1946 to 1952, wearing <a href="/wiki/Court_uniform_and_dress_in_the_United_Kingdom#Court_uniform" title="Court uniform and dress in the United Kingdom">second-class court uniform</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Traditionally, lieutenant governors were entitled to wear first-class <a href="/wiki/Court_uniform_and_dress_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Court uniform and dress in the United Kingdom">court uniform</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, the practice continues in some provinces, such as <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a>, and <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>. Since 1999, lieutenant-governors have been entitled to wear a special badge of office.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_69-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Per the orders' constitutions, the lieutenant-governors, except for that of Quebec, serve as the chancellor of their province's <a href="/wiki/Order_(decoration)" class="mw-redirect" title="Order (decoration)">order</a>. They also upon installation automatically become a Knight or Dame of Justice and a Vice-Prior in Canada of the <a href="/wiki/Venerable_Order_of_Saint_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Venerable Order of Saint John">Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All of these honours are retained following an incumbent's departure from office, with the individual remaining in the highest category of the order, and they may also be further distinguished with induction into other orders or the receipt of other awards. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Honours_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Honours music">Viceregal Salute</a>—composed of the first six <a href="/wiki/Bar_(music)" title="Bar (music)">bars</a> of the Royal Anthem ("<a href="/wiki/God_Save_the_King" title="God Save the King">God Save the King</a>") followed by the first and last four bars of the <a href="/wiki/National_anthem" title="National anthem">national anthem</a> ("<a href="/wiki/O_Canada" title="O Canada">O Canada</a>")—is the <a href="/wiki/Salute" title="Salute">salute</a> used to greet a lieutenant-governor upon arrival at, and mark his or her departure from most official events.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To mark a viceroy's presence at any building, ship, airplane, or car in Canada, the relevant <a href="/wiki/Flags_of_the_Lieutenant-Governors_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Flags of the Lieutenant-Governors of Canada">lieutenant-governor's flag</a> is employed. Most provincial viceroyal flags consist of a blue field bearing the shield of the province's <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a> surrounded by ten gold maple leaves<sup id="cite_ref-DCHflags_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DCHflags-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—each symbolizing one province—surmounted by a crown. In a provincial jurisdiction, the lieutenant governor's flag takes precedence over all other flags, save the <a href="/wiki/Royal_standards_of_Canada" title="Royal standards of Canada">king's standard</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is also, along with all flags on <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Forces">Canadian Forces</a> property, flown at <a href="/wiki/Half-mast" title="Half-mast">half-mast</a> upon the death of an incumbent or former lieutenant governor.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Incumbents">Incumbents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lieutenant_Governor_(Canada)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Incumbents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lieutenant_governors">Lieutenant governors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lieutenant_Governor_(Canada)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Lieutenant governors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th align="left">Province</th> <th align="left">Name</th> <th>Assumed office</th> <th>Appointed by</th> <th>Appointed on the advice of </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario"><img alt="Ontario" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Ontario" title="Lieutenant Governor of Ontario">Ontario</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Dumont, Edith"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Edith_Dumont" title="Edith Dumont">Edith Dumont</a></span></span></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002023-11-14-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">November 14, 2023</span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span data-sort-value="Simon, Mary"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Simon" title="Mary Simon">Mary Simon</a></span></span></span> </td> <td rowspan="10"><span data-sort-value="Trudeau, Justin"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a></span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec"><img alt="Quebec" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/23px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/35px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/45px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Quebec" title="Lieutenant Governor of Quebec">Quebec</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Jeannotte, Manon"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Manon_Jeannotte" title="Manon Jeannotte">Manon Jeannotte</a></span></span></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002024-01-25-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 25, 2024</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia"><img alt="Nova Scotia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="LeBlanc, Arthur"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_LeBlanc" title="Arthur LeBlanc">Arthur LeBlanc</a></span></span></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002017-06-28-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">June 28, 2017</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Johnston, David"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/David_Johnston_(governor_general)" title="David Johnston (governor general)">David Johnston</a></span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick"><img alt="New Brunswick" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_New_Brunswick.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Brunswick.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_New_Brunswick.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Brunswick.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_New_Brunswick.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Brunswick.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_New_Brunswick" title="Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Murphy, Brenda"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Brenda_Murphy" title="Brenda Murphy">Brenda Murphy</a></span></span></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002019-09-08-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">September 8, 2019</span> </td> <td rowspan="3"><span data-sort-value="Payette, Julie"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Julie_Payette" title="Julie Payette">Julie Payette</a></span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba"><img alt="Manitoba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Manitoba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Manitoba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Manitoba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Manitoba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Manitoba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Manitoba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Manitoba" title="Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba">Manitoba</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Neville, Anita"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Anita_Neville" title="Anita Neville">Anita Neville</a></span></span></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002022-10-24-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">October 24, 2022</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia"><img alt="British Columbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_British_Columbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_British_Columbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_British_Columbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_British_Columbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_British_Columbia.svg/46px-Flag_of_British_Columbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_British_Columbia" title="Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia">British Columbia</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Austin, Janet"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Janet_Austin" title="Janet Austin">Janet Austin</a></span></span></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002018-04-24-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">April 24, 2018</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island"><img alt="Prince Edward Island" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flag_of_Prince_Edward_Island.svg/22px-Flag_of_Prince_Edward_Island.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flag_of_Prince_Edward_Island.svg/34px-Flag_of_Prince_Edward_Island.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flag_of_Prince_Edward_Island.svg/44px-Flag_of_Prince_Edward_Island.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1751" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Prince_Edward_Island" title="Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Salamoun, Wassim"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Wassim_Salamoun" title="Wassim Salamoun">Wassim Salamoun</a></span></span></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002024-10-17-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">October 17, 2024</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Simon, Mary"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Simon" title="Mary Simon">Mary Simon</a></span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan"><img alt="Saskatchewan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="992" data-file-height="496" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Saskatchewan" title="Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Mirasty, Russell"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Russell_Mirasty" title="Russell Mirasty">Russell Mirasty</a></span></span></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002019-07-17-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">July 17, 2019</span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span data-sort-value="Payette, Julie"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Julie_Payette" title="Julie Payette">Julie Payette</a></span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta"><img alt="Alberta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Alberta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Alberta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Alberta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Alberta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Alberta.svg/46px-Flag_of_Alberta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Alberta" title="Lieutenant Governor of Alberta">Alberta</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Lakhani, Salma"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Salma_Lakhani" title="Salma Lakhani">Salma Lakhani</a></span></span></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002020-08-26-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">August 26, 2020</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador"><img alt="Newfoundland and Labrador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador.svg/35px-Flag_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador.svg/46px-Flag_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Aylward, Joan Marie"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Joan_Marie_Aylward" title="Joan Marie Aylward">Joan Marie Aylward</a></span></span></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002023-11-14-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">November 14, 2023</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Simon, Mary"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Simon" title="Mary Simon">Mary Simon</a></span></span></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commissioners">Commissioners</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lieutenant_Governor_(Canada)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Commissioners"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th align="left">Territory</th> <th align="left">Name</th> <th>Assumed office</th> <th>Appointed by </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories"><img alt="Northwest Territories" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Northwest_Territories.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Northwest_Territories.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Northwest_Territories.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Northwest_Territories.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Northwest_Territories.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Northwest_Territories.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Commissioner_of_the_Northwest_Territories" title="Commissioner of the Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Kisoun, Gerald"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Kisoun" title="Gerald Kisoun">Gerald Kisoun</a></span></span></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002024-05-14-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">May 14, 2024</span> </td> <td rowspan="3">Governor in Council </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon"><img alt="Yukon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_Yukon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yukon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_Yukon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yukon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_Yukon.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yukon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Commissioner_of_Yukon" title="Commissioner of Yukon">Yukon</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Webber, Adeline"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Adeline_Webber" title="Adeline Webber">Adeline Webber</a></span></span></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002023-05-31-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">May 31, 2023</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut"><img alt="Nunavut" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Nunavut.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nunavut.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Nunavut.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nunavut.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Nunavut.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nunavut.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="675" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Commissioner_of_Nunavut" title="Commissioner of Nunavut">Nunavut</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Aariak, Eva"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Eva_Aariak" title="Eva Aariak">Eva Aariak</a></span></span></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002021-01-14-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 14, 2021</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spelling">Spelling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lieutenant_Governor_(Canada)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Spelling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the Canadian context, there are numerous, and not mutually agreeable, notions regarding <a href="/wiki/Hyphen" title="Hyphen">hyphenation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Capitalization" title="Capitalization">capitalization</a> of the position title. Various acts in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Canada" title="Constitution of Canada">Canadian constitution</a> and numerous provincial websites typically indicate <i>Lieutenant Governor of [<a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">Province</a>]</i> (upper case and no hyphen), likely due to the primacy of those positions in their respective <a href="/wiki/Jurisdiction" title="Jurisdiction">jurisdictions</a>. <i>The Canadian Style</i> indicates <i>Lieutenant-Governor</i> (upper case with hyphen),<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though <i>lieutenant-governors</i> (lower case and hyphenated) when <a href="/wiki/Plural" title="Plural">pluralized</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Guide to Canadian English Usage</i> equivocates somewhat, indicating upper case only when used in and associated with a specific provincial lieutenant governor or name (e.g., Lieutenant-Governor Lincoln Alexander), not generally, and varied use.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In French, the term is always hyphenated, and varies slightly by gender. Also, as <i><a href="/wiki/Governor" title="Governor">governor</a></i> is the main <a href="/wiki/Noun" title="Noun">noun</a> in the title, it is the word that is pluralized; thus, it is <i>lieutenant governors</i>, rather than <i>lieutenants governor</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lieutenant_Governor_(Canada)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/25px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" 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class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner#Canadian_territories" title="Commissioner">Commissioner § Canadian territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governors_of_the_Australian_states" title="Governors of the Australian states">Governors of the Australian states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant governor (United States)">Lieutenant governor (United States)</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lieutenant_Governor_(Canada)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Explanatory notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-LGs1-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LGs1_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Vancouver_Island_and_British_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Vancouver Island and British Columbia">Governor of the United Colonies of Vancouver Island and British Columbia</a> became in 1871, through an <a href="/wiki/Order_in_Council" title="Order in Council">Order in Council</a> by <a href="/wiki/Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria of the United Kingdom">Queen Victoria</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_British_Columbia" title="Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia">Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Prince_Edward_Island#Governors" title="List of lieutenant governors of Prince Edward Island">Governors of Prince Edward Island</a> became in 1873, by Order in Council of the Queen, the <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Prince_Edward_Island" title="Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island">Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador#Commission_Governors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of lieutenant governors of Newfoundland and Labrador">Commission Governor of Newfoundland</a> became in 1949, through the <i><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_Act" title="Newfoundland Act">Newfoundland Act</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador">Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LGs2-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LGs2_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The office of the <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Manitoba" title="Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba">Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba</a> was created in 1870 by the <i><a href="/wiki/Manitoba_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Manitoba Act">Manitoba Act</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the office of the <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Alberta" title="Lieutenant Governor of Alberta">Lieutenant Governor of Alberta</a> was created in 1905 by the <i><a href="/wiki/Alberta_Act" title="Alberta Act">Alberta Act</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the office of the <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Saskatchewan" title="Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan">Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan</a> was created in 1905 by the <i><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Act" title="Saskatchewan Act">Saskatchewan Act</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Term1-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Term1_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Brett" title="Robert Brett">Robert Brett</a> acted as Lieutenant Governor of Alberta between 1915 and 1925 and <a href="/wiki/Lise_Thibault" title="Lise Thibault">Lise Thibault</a> served as Lieutenant Governor of Quebec from 1997 to 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Term2-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Term2_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lieutenant Governor of Quebec <a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Roux" title="Jean-Louis Roux">Jean-Louis Roux</a> resigned the viceregal post in 1997 due to controversy.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Term3-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Term3_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For example, Lieutenant Governor of Alberta <a href="/wiki/Lois_Hole" title="Lois Hole">Lois Hole</a> died of <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a> on 6 January 2005, and Lieutenant Governors of Nova Scotia <a href="/wiki/Frank_Stanfield" title="Frank Stanfield">Frank Stanfield</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_MacKeen" title="David MacKeen">David MacKeen</a> died on 25 September 1931 and 13 November 1916, respectively. Further, Lieutenant Governor of Quebec <a href="/wiki/Paul_Comtois" title="Paul Comtois">Paul Comtois</a> died in the fire that destroyed <a href="/wiki/Government_House_(Quebec)" title="Government House (Quebec)">the province's viceregal residence</a> on 21 February 1966.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RP-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RP_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Privy_Council_for_Canada#cite_note-RP-13" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Privy Council for Canada">Note 1</a> at <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Privy_Council_for_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Privy Council for Canada">Queen's Privy Council for Canada</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RA1-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RA1_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Alberta" title="Lieutenant Governor of Alberta">Lieutenant Governor of Alberta</a> <a href="/wiki/John_C._Bowen" title="John C. Bowen">John C. Bowen</a> in 1937 refused to grant Royal Assent to three bills passed by <a href="/wiki/William_Aberhart" title="William Aberhart">William Aberhart</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Social_Credit_Party_of_Alberta" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Credit Party of Alberta">Social Credit</a> government on the <a href="/wiki/William_Aberhart#Political_career" title="William Aberhart">grounds that they were unconstitutional</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Saskatchewan" title="Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan">Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan</a> <a href="/wiki/Frank_Lindsay_Bastedo" title="Frank Lindsay Bastedo">Frank Lindsay Bastedo</a> in 1961 reserved Royal Assent to the <i>Mineral Contracts Alteration Act</i>, passing it on, instead, to the Governor General for consideration.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Duties-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Duties_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For example, Lieutenant Governor of Ontario <a href="/wiki/David_Onley" title="David Onley">David Onley</a> represented the Queen and Canada at the <a href="/wiki/2008_Summer_Paralympics_opening_ceremony" title="2008 Summer Paralympics opening ceremony">2008 Summer Paralympics opening ceremony</a> in <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lieutenant_Governor_(Canada)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFVictoria1867" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Victoria</a> (29 March 1867). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.solon.org/Constitutions/Canada/English/ca_1867.html">"Constitution Act, 1867"</a>. <i>The Solon Law Archive</i>. V.58<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Solon+Law+Archive&rft.atitle=Constitution+Act%2C+1867&rft.date=1867-03-29&rft.au=Victoria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.solon.org%2FConstitutions%2FCanada%2FEnglish%2Fca_1867.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALieutenant+Governor+%28Canada%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVictoria1867">Victoria 1867</a>, V.66</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Saywell_1957_13–14-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Saywell_1957_13–14_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Saywell_1957_13–14_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaywell1957" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Saywell" title="John Saywell">Saywell, John T.</a> (1957). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/officeoflieutena0000sayw"><i>The Office of Lieutenant Governor: A Study in Canadian Government and Politics</i></a></span>. Toronto: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto_Press" title="University of Toronto Press">University of Toronto Press</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/officeoflieutena0000sayw/page/13">13–14</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802070418" title="Special:BookSources/9780802070418"><bdi>9780802070418</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Office+of+Lieutenant+Governor%3A+A+Study+in+Canadian+Government+and+Politics&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pages=13-14&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1957&rft.isbn=9780802070418&rft.aulast=Saywell&rft.aufirst=John+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fofficeoflieutena0000sayw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALieutenant+Governor+%28Canada%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kenney-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kenney_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kenney_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKenney2007" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jason_Kenney" title="Jason Kenney">Kenney, Jason</a> (23 April 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110611163321/http://www.pch.gc.ca/pc-ch/minstr/arc_disc-spch/kenney/2007/20070423-eng.cfm">"Speeches – 2007: The Honourable Jason Kenney: Lieutenant Governors Meeting Regina, Saskatchewan"</a>. <i>Canadian Heritage</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pch.gc.ca/pc-ch/minstr/arc_disc-spch/kenney/2007/20070423-eng.cfm">the original</a> on 11 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Heritage&rft.atitle=Speeches+%E2%80%93+2007%3A+The+Honourable+Jason+Kenney%3A+Lieutenant+Governors+Meeting+Regina%2C+Saskatchewan&rft.date=2007-04-23&rft.aulast=Kenney&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pch.gc.ca%2Fpc-ch%2Fminstr%2Farc_disc-spch%2Fkenney%2F2007%2F20070423-eng.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALieutenant+Governor+%28Canada%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF_Smith_1995" class="citation book cs1">Smith, David E. (1995). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/invisiblecrownfi0000smit"><i>The Invisible Crown</i></a></span>. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/invisiblecrownfi0000smit/page/8">8</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8020-7793-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8020-7793-5"><bdi>0-8020-7793-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Invisible+Crown&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-8020-7793-5&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=David+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finvisiblecrownfi0000smit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALieutenant+Governor+%28Canada%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Watson_1892_6-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Watson_1892_6_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Watson_1892_6_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatson1892" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-location-test"><a href="/wiki/William_Watson,_Baron_Watson" title="William Watson, Baron Watson">Watson, William</a> (1892). "<i>Maritime Bank v. Receiver-General of New Brunswick</i>". Written at London. In Jackson, Michael (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.monarchist.ca/cmn/2003/CMN_winter_spring_2003_Update-3.pdf"><i>Golden Jubilee and Provincial Crown</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Vol. 7. Toronto: <a href="/wiki/Monarchist_League_of_Canada" title="Monarchist League of Canada">Monarchist League of Canada</a> (published 2003). p. 6<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Maritime+Bank+v.+Receiver-General+of+New+Brunswick&rft.btitle=Golden+Jubilee+and+Provincial+Crown&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Monarchist+League+of+Canada&rft.date=1892&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.monarchist.ca%2Fcmn%2F2003%2FCMN_winter_spring_2003_Update-3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALieutenant+Governor+%28Canada%29" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|periodical=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged March 2020">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVictoria1867">Victoria 1867</a>, V.64</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VictoriaV63-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-VictoriaV63_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VictoriaV63_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVictoria1867">Victoria 1867</a>, V.63</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVictoria1871" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria of the United Kingdom">Victoria</a> (16 May 1871). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.solon.org/Constitutions/Canada/English/bctu.html">"British Columbia Terms of Union"</a>. <i>The Solon Law Archive</i>. 10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Solon+Law+Archive&rft.atitle=British+Columbia+Terms+of+Union&rft.date=1871-05-16&rft.au=Victoria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.solon.org%2FConstitutions%2FCanada%2FEnglish%2Fbctu.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALieutenant+Governor+%28Canada%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVictoria1873" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria of the United Kingdom">Victoria</a> (26 June 1873). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.solon.org/Constitutions/Canada/English/peitu.html">"Prince Edward Island Terms of Union"</a>. <i>The Solon Law Archive</i>. Schedule<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Solon+Law+Archive&rft.atitle=Prince+Edward+Island+Terms+of+Union&rft.date=1873-06-26&rft.au=Victoria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.solon.org%2FConstitutions%2FCanada%2FEnglish%2Fpeitu.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALieutenant+Governor+%28Canada%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge_VI1949" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_VI_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="George VI of the United Kingdom">George VI</a> (23 March 1949). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.solon.org/Constitutions/Canada/English/nfa.html">"Newfoundland Act"</a>. <i>The Solon Law Archive</i>. 8.1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Solon+Law+Archive&rft.atitle=Newfoundland+Act&rft.date=1949-03-23&rft.au=George+VI&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.solon.org%2FConstitutions%2FCanada%2FEnglish%2Fnfa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALieutenant+Governor+%28Canada%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLegislative_Assembly_of_Alberta" class="citation web cs1">Legislative Assembly of Alberta. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.assembly.ab.ca/lao/library/lt-gov/nwt.htm">"Public Information > Lieutenant Governors > The Lieutenant Governor of the Northwest Territories"</a>. Queen's Printer for Alberta<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Public+Information+%3E+Lieutenant+Governors+%3E+The+Lieutenant+Governor+of+the+Northwest+Territories&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer+for+Alberta&rft.au=Legislative+Assembly+of+Alberta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.assembly.ab.ca%2Flao%2Flibrary%2Flt-gov%2Fnwt.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALieutenant+Governor+%28Canada%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVictoria1870" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria of the United Kingdom">Victoria</a> (12 May 1870). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.solon.org/Constitutions/Canada/English/ma_1870.html">"Manitoba Act, 1870"</a>. <i>The Solon Law Archive</i>. 6<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Solon+Law+Archive&rft.atitle=Manitoba+Act%2C+1870&rft.date=1870-05-12&rft.au=Victoria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.solon.org%2FConstitutions%2FCanada%2FEnglish%2Fma_1870.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALieutenant+Governor+%28Canada%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdward_VII1905" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward VII of the United Kingdom">Edward VII</a> (20 July 1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.solon.org/Constitutions/Canada/English/aa_1905.html">"Alberta Act"</a>. <i>The Solon Law Archive</i>. 10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Solon+Law+Archive&rft.atitle=Alberta+Act&rft.date=1905-07-20&rft.au=Edward+VII&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.solon.org%2FConstitutions%2FCanada%2FEnglish%2Faa_1905.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALieutenant+Governor+%28Canada%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdward_VII1905" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward VII of the United Kingdom">Edward VII</a> (20 July 1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.solon.org/Constitutions/Canada/English/sa_1905.html">"Saskatchewan Act"</a>. <i>The Solon Law Archive</i>. 10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Solon+Law+Archive&rft.atitle=Saskatchewan+Act&rft.date=1905-07-20&rft.au=Edward+VII&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.solon.org%2FConstitutions%2FCanada%2FEnglish%2Fsa_1905.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALieutenant+Governor+%28Canada%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jackson6-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jackson6_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF_Jackson_2003" class="citation journal cs1">Jackson, Michael D. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.monarchist.ca/cmn/2003/CMN_winter_spring_2003_Update-3.pdf">"Golden Jubilee and Provincial Crown"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Canadian Monarchist News</i>. <b>7</b> (3). Toronto: Monarchist League of Canada: 6<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Monarchist+News&rft.atitle=Golden+Jubilee+and+Provincial+Crown&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=6&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Michael+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.monarchist.ca%2Fcmn%2F2003%2FCMN_winter_spring_2003_Update-3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALieutenant+Governor+%28Canada%29" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged March 2020">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcInnis1947291-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcInnis1947291_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcInnis1947">McInnis 1947</a>, p. 291</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonovan2009" class="citation cs2">Donovan, David (2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cpsa-acsp.ca/papers-2009/Donovan.pdf"><i>The Governor General and Lieutenant Governors: Canada's Misunderstood Viceroys</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, Canadian Political Science Association, p. 3<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2013</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Governor+General+and+Lieutenant+Governors%3A+Canada%27s+Misunderstood+Viceroys&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Canadian+Political+Science+Association&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Donovan&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cpsa-acsp.ca%2Fpapers-2009%2FDonovan.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALieutenant+Governor+%28Canada%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacLeod2008" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Kevin_S._MacLeod" title="Kevin S. MacLeod">MacLeod, Kevin S.</a> (2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pch.gc.ca/pgm/ceem-cced/fr-rf/crnCdn/crn_mpls-eng.pdf"><i>A Crown of Maples</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (1st ed.), Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada, p. 16, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-662-46012-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-662-46012-1"><bdi>978-0-662-46012-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Crown+of+Maples&rft.place=Ottawa&rft.pages=16&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer+for+Canada&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-662-46012-1&rft.aulast=MacLeod&rft.aufirst=Kevin+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pch.gc.ca%2Fpgm%2Fceem-cced%2Ffr-rf%2FcrnCdn%2Fcrn_mpls-eng.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALieutenant+Governor+%28Canada%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFD._Michael_Jackson" class="citation book cs1">D. Michael Jackson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1459709896"><i>The Crown and Canadian Federalism</i></a>. p. 127.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Crown+and+Canadian+Federalism&rft.pages=127&rft.au=D.+Michael+Jackson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fisbn%3D1459709896&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALieutenant+Governor+%28Canada%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jameswjbowden.files.wordpress.com/2011/10/10-lieutenant-governor.pdf">"The Manual of Official Procedure of the Government of Canada"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Manual+of+Official+Procedure+of+the+Government+of+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjameswjbowden.files.wordpress.com%2F2011%2F10%2F10-lieutenant-governor.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALieutenant+Governor+%28Canada%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVictoria1867">Victoria 1867</a>, V.61</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF_Munro_2005" class="citation book cs1">Munro, Kenneth (2005). <i>The Maple Crown in Alberta: The Office of Lieutenant Governor</i>. Victoria: Trafford Publishing. p. iii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4120-5317-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-4120-5317-X"><bdi>1-4120-5317-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Maple+Crown+in+Alberta%3A+The+Office+of+Lieutenant+Governor&rft.place=Victoria&rft.pages=iii&rft.pub=Trafford+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-4120-5317-X&rft.aulast=Munro&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALieutenant+Governor+%28Canada%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMunro2005" class="citation book cs1">Munro, Kenneth (2005). <i>The Maple Crown in Alberta: The Office of Lieutenant Governor</i>. Victoria: Trafford. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4120-5317-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4120-5317-4"><bdi>978-1-4120-5317-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Maple+Crown+in+Alberta%3A+The+Office+of+Lieutenant+Governor&rft.place=Victoria&rft.pub=Trafford&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-4120-5317-4&rft.aulast=Munro&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALieutenant+Governor+%28Canada%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVictoria1867">Victoria 1867</a>, V.59</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gaz139-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gaz139_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca/Collection/SP2-3-139-8.pdf">"Proclamation"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Canada_Gazette" title="Canada Gazette">Canada Gazette</a></i>. Vol. 139, no. 8. 27 September 2005. p. 1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canada+Gazette&rft.atitle=Proclamation&rft.volume=139&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2005-09-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca%2FCollection%2FSP2-3-139-8.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALieutenant+Governor+%28Canada%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVictoria1867">Victoria 1867</a>, V.67</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John T. Saywell, <i>The Office of the Lieutenant-Governor</i>, (revised edition (Toronto: Copp, Clark Pitman, 1986)), p. 170, citing papers in the Department of State, Ottawa.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOffice_of_the_Lieutenant_Governor_of_Ontario" class="citation web cs1">Office of the Lieutenant Governor of Ontario. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110612210331/http://www.lt.gov.on.ca/en/ProtocolCeremony/Administrator.asp?nav=3&sub=7">"Protocol and Ceremony > Administrator"</a>. Queen's Printer for Ontario. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lt.gov.on.ca/en/ProtocolCeremony/Administrator.asp?nav=3&sub=7">the original</a> on 12 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Protocol+and+Ceremony+%3E+Administrator&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer+for+Ontario&rft.au=Office+of+the+Lieutenant+Governor+of+Ontario&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lt.gov.on.ca%2Fen%2FProtocolCeremony%2FAdministrator.asp%3Fnav%3D3%26sub%3D7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALieutenant+Governor+%28Canada%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOffice_of_the_Lieutenant_Governor_of_Quebec" class="citation web cs1">Office of the Lieutenant Governor of Quebec. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091012082051/http://www.lieutenant-gouverneur.qc.ca/roles-et-fonctions/administrateur-gouvernement-quebec-en.html">"Roles and Functions > Administrator of the Government"</a>. Éditeur officiel du Québec. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lieutenant-gouverneur.qc.ca/roles-et-fonctions/administrateur-gouvernement-quebec-en.html">the original</a> on 12 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Roles+and+Functions+%3E+Administrator+of+the+Government&rft.pub=%C3%89diteur+officiel+du+Qu%C3%A9bec&rft.au=Office+of+the+Lieutenant+Governor+of+Quebec&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lieutenant-gouverneur.qc.ca%2Froles-et-fonctions%2Fadministrateur-gouvernement-quebec-en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALieutenant+Governor+%28Canada%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLegislative_Assembly_of_Alberta" class="citation web cs1">Legislative Assembly of Alberta. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.assembly.ab.ca/lao/library/lt-gov/lt-gov.htm">"Public Information > Lieutenant Governors > The Office of Lieutenant Governor"</a>. Queen's Printer for Alberta<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Public+Information+%3E+Lieutenant+Governors+%3E+The+Office+of+Lieutenant+Governor&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer+for+Alberta&rft.au=Legislative+Assembly+of+Alberta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.assembly.ab.ca%2Flao%2Flibrary%2Flt-gov%2Flt-gov.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALieutenant+Governor+%28Canada%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mike Doyle, "Porteous replacement likely soon", <i>Star-Phoenix</i>, Feb 8, 1978, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Philippe Doré, Clerk of the Executive Council, "Saskatchewan: Lieutenant Governor's death causes constitutional problems", <i>The Parliamentarian</i>, LIX No 3, July 78, p. 176.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF_Roberts_2009" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Roberts_(Canadian_politician)" title="Edward Roberts (Canadian politician)">Roberts, Edward</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120426045234/http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Sites/LOP/Infoparl/32/1/32n1_09e_Roberts.pdf">"Ensuring Constitutional Wisdom During Unconventional Times"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Canadian Parliamentary Review</i>. <b>23</b> (1). Ottawa: Commonwealth Parliamentary Association: 15. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Sites/LOP/Infoparl/32/1/32n1_09e_Roberts.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 26 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Parliamentary+Review&rft.atitle=Ensuring+Constitutional+Wisdom+During+Unconventional+Times&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=15&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.parl.gc.ca%2FSites%2FLOP%2FInfoparl%2F32%2F1%2F32n1_09e_Roberts.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALieutenant+Governor+%28Canada%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MacLeod34-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MacLeod34_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF_MacLeod_2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kevin_S._MacLeod" title="Kevin S. MacLeod">MacLeod, Kevin S.</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pch.gc.ca/pgm/ceem-cced/fr-rf/crnCdn/crn_mpls-eng.pdf"><i>A Crown of Maples</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (1st ed.). Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada. pp. 16, 20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-662-46012-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-662-46012-1"><bdi>978-0-662-46012-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Crown+of+Maples&rft.place=Ottawa&rft.pages=16%2C+20&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer+for+Canada&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-662-46012-1&rft.aulast=MacLeod&rft.aufirst=Kevin+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pch.gc.ca%2Fpgm%2Fceem-cced%2Ffr-rf%2FcrnCdn%2Fcrn_mpls-eng.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALieutenant+Governor+%28Canada%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWebber1997" class="citation journal cs1">Webber, Jeremy (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706185042/http://lawjournal.mcgill.ca/documents/42.Webber.pdf">"The Legality of a Unilateral Declaration of Independence under Canadian Law"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_McGill_Law_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="The McGill Law Journal">The McGill Law Journal</a></i>. <b>42</b> (2). Montreal: McGill University: 288. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lawjournal.mcgill.ca/documents/42.Webber.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 6 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+McGill+Law+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Legality+of+a+Unilateral+Declaration+of+Independence+under+Canadian+Law&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=288&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Webber&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flawjournal.mcgill.ca%2Fdocuments%2F42.Webber.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALieutenant+Governor+%28Canada%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDepartment_of_National_Defence1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_National_Defence_(Canada)" title="Department of National Defence (Canada)">Department of National Defence</a> (1 April 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090325162006/http://www.saskd.ca/heritage.pdf"><i>The Honours, Flags and Heritage Structure of the Canadian Forces</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada. pp. 1A–3. A-AD-200-000/AG-000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saskd.ca/heritage.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 25 March 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Honours%2C+Flags+and+Heritage+Structure+of+the+Canadian+Forces&rft.place=Ottawa&rft.pages=1A-3&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer+for+Canada&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.au=Department+of+National+Defence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saskd.ca%2Fheritage.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALieutenant+Governor+%28Canada%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVictoria1867">Victoria 1867</a>, III.9, IV.17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MacLeod17-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MacLeod17_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MacLeod17_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacLeod2008">MacLeod 2008</a>, p. 17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VictoriaV-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VictoriaV_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVictoria1867">Victoria 1867</a>, V</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVictoria1867">Victoria 1867</a>, VII.96</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF_McWhinney_2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ted_McWhinney" title="Ted McWhinney">McWhinney, Edward</a> (2005). <i>The Governor General and the Prime Ministers</i>. Vancouver: Ronsdale Press. pp. 16–17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55380-031-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-55380-031-1"><bdi>1-55380-031-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Governor+General+and+the+Prime+Ministers&rft.place=Vancouver&rft.pages=16-17&rft.pub=Ronsdale+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-55380-031-1&rft.aulast=McWhinney&rft.aufirst=Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALieutenant+Governor+%28Canada%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCox2002" class="citation journal cs1">Cox, Noel (September 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.murdoch.edu.au/elaw/issues/v9n3/cox93.html">"Black v Chrétien: Suing a Minister of the Crown for Abuse of Power, Misfeasance in Public Office and Negligence"</a>. <i>Murdoch University Electronic Journal of Law</i>. <b>9</b> (3). Perth: Murdoch University: 12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Murdoch+University+Electronic+Journal+of+Law&rft.atitle=Black+v+Chr%C3%A9tien%3A+Suing+a+Minister+of+the+Crown+for+Abuse+of+Power%2C+Misfeasance+in+Public+Office+and+Negligence&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=12&rft.date=2002-09&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=Noel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.murdoch.edu.au%2Felaw%2Fissues%2Fv9n3%2Fcox93.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALieutenant+Governor+%28Canada%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDawsonDawson,_W.F.1989" class="citation book cs1">Dawson, R. MacGregor; Dawson, W.F. (1989). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/democraticgovern0000daws"><i>Democratic Government in Canada</i></a></span> (5th ed.). Toronto, Buffalo, London: University of Toronto Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/democraticgovern0000daws/page/68">68</a>–69. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8020-6703-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8020-6703-4"><bdi>0-8020-6703-4</bdi></a>. <q>monarchy canada.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Democratic+Government+in+Canada&rft.place=Toronto%2C+Buffalo%2C+London&rft.pages=68-69&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-8020-6703-4&rft.aulast=Dawson&rft.aufirst=R.+MacGregor&rft.au=Dawson%2C+W.F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdemocraticgovern0000daws&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALieutenant+Governor+%28Canada%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForsey2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Forsey" title="Eugene Forsey">Forsey, Eugene</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090325074418/http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/idb/forsey/PDFs/How_Canadians_Govern_Themselves-6ed.pdf"><i>How Canadians Govern Themselves</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (6th ed.). Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada. pp. 4, 34. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-662-39689-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-662-39689-8"><bdi>0-662-39689-8</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/idb/forsey/PDFs/How_Canadians_Govern_Themselves-6ed.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 25 March 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Canadians+Govern+Themselves&rft.place=Ottawa&rft.pages=4%2C+34&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer+for+Canada&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-662-39689-8&rft.aulast=Forsey&rft.aufirst=Eugene&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2Finformation%2Flibrary%2Fidb%2Fforsey%2FPDFs%2FHow_Canadians_Govern_Themselves-6ed.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALieutenant+Governor+%28Canada%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLibrary_and_Archives_Canada" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Library_and_Archives_Canada" title="Library and Archives Canada">Library and Archives Canada</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090811074157/http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/executive-decree/023004-2020-e.html">"Politics and Government > By Executive Decree > The Governor General"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Politics+and+Government+%3E+By+Executive+Decree+%3E+The+Governor+General&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer+for+Canada&rft.au=Library+and+Archives+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.collectionscanada.gc.ca%2Fexecutive-decree%2F023004-2020-e.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALieutenant+Governor+%28Canada%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOffice_of_the_Governor_General_of_Canada" class="citation web cs1">Office of the Governor General of Canada. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20071211191052/http://www.gg.ca/gg/rr/index_e.asp">"Governor General of Canada: Role and Responsibilities of the Governor General"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Governor+General+of+Canada%3A+Role+and+Responsibilities+of+the+Governor+General&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer+for+Canada&rft.au=Office+of+the+Governor+General+of+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gg.ca%2Fgg%2Frr%2Findex_e.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALieutenant+Governor+%28Canada%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boyce102-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Boyce102_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boyce102_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boyce102_54-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyce2008" class="citation book cs1">Boyce, Peter John (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kY-Tk0-quyoC&q=the+queen's+other+realms"><i>The Queen's Other Realms: The Crown and Its Legacy in Australia, Canada and New Zealand</i></a>. 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Queen's Printer for Canada<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ceremonial+and+Canadian+Symbols+Promotion+%3E+Honours+and+salutes+%3E+Musical+salute&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer+for+Canada&rft.au=Department+of+Canadian+Heritage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pch.gc.ca%2Fpgm%2Fceem-cced%2Fprtcl%2Fsalut-eng.cfm%23a6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALieutenant+Governor+%28Canada%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDepartment_of_National_Defence1999">Department of National Defence 1999</a>, p. 14-2-2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDepartment_of_National_Defence1999">Department of National Defence 1999</a>, p. 4-2-6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPublic_Works_and_Government_Services_Canada1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Public_Works_and_Government_Services_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Works and Government Services Canada">Public Works and Government Services Canada</a> (1997). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/canadianstylegui0000unse"><i>The Canadian Style</i></a></span>. Hamilton: Dundern Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/canadianstylegui0000unse/page/46">46</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55002-276-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55002-276-6"><bdi>978-1-55002-276-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Canadian+Style&rft.place=Hamilton&rft.pages=46&rft.pub=Dundern+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1-55002-276-6&rft.au=Public+Works+and+Government+Services+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcanadianstylegui0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALieutenant+Governor+%28Canada%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPublic_Works_and_Government_Services_Canada1997">Public Works and Government Services Canada 1997</a>, p. 70</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeeMcAlpine,_Janice2007" class="citation book cs1">Fee, Margery; McAlpine, Janice (3 April 2007). <i>Guide to Canadian English Usage</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 244. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-542602-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-542602-1"><bdi>978-0-19-542602-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guide+to+Canadian+English+Usage&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=244&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007-04-03&rft.isbn=978-0-19-542602-1&rft.aulast=Fee&rft.aufirst=Margery&rft.au=McAlpine%2C+Janice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALieutenant+Governor+%28Canada%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lieutenant_Governor_(Canada)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcInnis1947" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edgar_McInnis" title="Edgar McInnis">McInnis, Edgar</a> (1947). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/canadapoliticals0000mcin_q3r3/"><i>Canada: A Political and Social History</i></a>. New York and Toronto: Rinehart and Company, Inc. – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canada%3A+A+Political+and+Social+History&rft.place=New+York+and+Toronto&rft.pub=Rinehart+and+Company%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1947&rft.aulast=McInnis&rft.aufirst=Edgar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcanadapoliticals0000mcin_q3r3%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALieutenant+Governor+%28Canada%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchy_in_Canada" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Canadian_monarchy" title="Template:Canadian monarchy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Canadian_monarchy" title="Template talk:Canadian monarchy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian_monarchy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian monarchy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchy_in_Canada" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">Monarchy in Canada</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">The Crown</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_the_Canadian_provinces" title="Monarchy in the Canadian provinces">Monarchy in the Canadian provinces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_British_Columbia" title="Monarchy in British Columbia">BC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Alberta" title="Monarchy in Alberta">AB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Saskatchewan" title="Monarchy in Saskatchewan">SK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Manitoba" title="Monarchy in Manitoba">MB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Ontario" title="Monarchy in Ontario">ON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Quebec" title="Monarchy in Quebec">QC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_New_Brunswick" title="Monarchy in New Brunswick">NB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Nova_Scotia" title="Monarchy in Nova Scotia">NS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Prince_Edward_Island" title="Monarchy in Prince Edward Island">PE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Monarchy in Newfoundland and Labrador">NL</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_monarchs" title="List of Canadian monarchs">Monarchs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">Edward VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">Edward VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Viceroy" title="Viceroy">Viceroys</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Canada" title="Governor General of Canada">Governor General of Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_general_of_Canada" title="List of governors general of Canada">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant governor (Canada)">Lieutenant governors in Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_of_British_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant governor of British Columbia">BC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_British_Columbia" title="List of lieutenant governors of British Columbia">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_of_Alberta" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant governor of Alberta">AB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Alberta" title="List of lieutenant governors of Alberta">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_of_Saskatchewan" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant governor of Saskatchewan">SK</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Saskatchewan" title="List of lieutenant governors of Saskatchewan">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_of_Manitoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant governor of Manitoba">MB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Manitoba" title="List of lieutenant governors of Manitoba">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_of_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant governor of Ontario">ON</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Ontario" title="List of lieutenant governors of Ontario">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_of_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant governor of Quebec">QC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Quebec" title="List of lieutenant governors of Quebec">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_of_New_Brunswick" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant governor of New Brunswick">NB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_New_Brunswick" title="List of lieutenant governors of New Brunswick">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia">NS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Nova_Scotia" title="List of lieutenant governors of Nova Scotia">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Prince_Edward_Island" title="Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island">PE</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Prince_Edward_Island" title="List of lieutenant governors of Prince Edward Island">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador">NL</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" class="mw-redirect" title="List of lieutenant governors of Newfoundland and Labrador">List</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner#Canadian_territories" title="Commissioner">Territorial Commissioners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advisory_Committee_on_Vice-Regal_Appointments" title="Advisory Committee on Vice-Regal Appointments">Advisory Committee on Vice-Regal Appointments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Canada" title="Constitution of Canada">Constitutional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King-in-Council" title="King-in-Council">King-in-Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King-in-Parliament" title="King-in-Parliament">King-in-Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_system_of_Canada" title="Court system of Canada">King-on-the-Bench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_(law)" title="Peace (law)">King's peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Canadian_Crown_and_the_Canadian_Armed_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="The Canadian Crown and the Canadian Armed Forces">The Canadian Crown and the Canadian Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Canadian_Crown_and_Indigenous_peoples_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="The Canadian Crown and Indigenous peoples of Canada">The Canadian Crown and Indigenous peoples of Canada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_copyright#Canada" title="Crown copyright">Crown copyright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_corporations_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown corporations of Canada">Crown corporations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Consent" title="King's Consent">King's Consent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Printer" title="King's Printer">King's Printer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_charter#Canada" title="Royal charter">Royal charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_royal_commissions" title="List of Canadian royal commissions">Royal commissions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ceremonial and symbolic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chapels_Royal#Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Chapels Royal">Chapels Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Collection" title="Crown Collection">Crown Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_royal_symbols" title="Canadian royal symbols">Royal symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_tours_of_Canada" title="Royal tours of Canada">Royal tours</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_royal_tours_of_Canada_(18th%E2%80%9320th_centuries)" title="List of royal tours of Canada (18th–20th centuries)">1786–1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_royal_tours_of_Canada_(21st_century)" title="List of royal tours of Canada (21st century)">2000–present</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_address_by_the_British_monarch" title="Special address by the British monarch">Special address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_of_the_Canadian_sovereign" class="mw-redirect" title="Style of the Canadian sovereign">Title and style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrones_of_Canada" title="Thrones of Canada">Thrones of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Coronation_Contingent" title="Canadian Coronation Contingent">Canadian Coronation Contingent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Secretary_to_the_King" title="Canadian Secretary to the King">Canadian Secretary to the King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_monarchy_in_Canada" title="History of monarchy in Canada">History of monarchy in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debate_on_the_monarchy_in_Canada" title="Debate on the monarchy in Canada">Debate on the monarchy in Canada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Politics_of_the_provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Canadian_provinces" title="Template:Politics of Canadian provinces"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Canadian_provinces" title="Template talk:Politics of Canadian provinces"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Canadian_provinces" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Canadian provinces"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Politics_of_the_provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">Politics of the provinces and territories of Canada</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>This article is part of the series: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Canada" title="Politics of Canada">Politics of Canada</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Executive_(The_Crown)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">Executive</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">The Crown</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_the_Canadian_provinces" title="Monarchy in the Canadian provinces">Sovereign in the provinces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_British_Columbia" title="Monarchy in British Columbia">BC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Alberta" title="Monarchy in Alberta">AB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Saskatchewan" title="Monarchy in Saskatchewan">SK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Manitoba" title="Monarchy in Manitoba">MB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Ontario" title="Monarchy in Ontario">ON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Quebec" title="Monarchy in Quebec">QC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_New_Brunswick" title="Monarchy in New Brunswick">NB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Nova_Scotia" title="Monarchy in Nova Scotia">NS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Prince_Edward_Island" title="Monarchy in Prince Edward Island">PEI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Monarchy in Newfoundland and Labrador">NL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lieutenant Governors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_British_Columbia" title="Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia">BC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Alberta" title="Lieutenant Governor of Alberta">AB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Saskatchewan" title="Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan">SK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Manitoba" title="Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba">MB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Ontario" title="Lieutenant Governor of Ontario">ON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Quebec" title="Lieutenant Governor of Quebec">QC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_New_Brunswick" title="Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick">NB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia">NS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Prince_Edward_Island" title="Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island">PEI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador">NL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commissioner#Canadian_territories" title="Commissioner">Commissioners</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_of_Yukon" title="Commissioner of Yukon">YU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_of_the_Northwest_Territories" title="Commissioner of the Northwest Territories">NT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_of_Nunavut" title="Commissioner of Nunavut">NU</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Premier_(Canada)" title="Premier (Canada)">Premiers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_British_Columbia" title="Premier of British Columbia">BC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Alberta" title="Premier of Alberta">AB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Saskatchewan" title="Premier of Saskatchewan">SK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Manitoba" title="Premier of Manitoba">MB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Ontario" title="Premier of Ontario">ON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Quebec" title="Premier of Quebec">QC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_New_Brunswick" title="Premier of New Brunswick">NB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Premier of Nova Scotia">NS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Prince_Edward_Island" title="Premier of Prince Edward Island">PEI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador">NL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Yukon" title="Premier of Yukon">YU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_Northwest_Territories" title="Premier of the Northwest Territories">NT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Nunavut" title="Premier of Nunavut">NU</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Legislative" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislative</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Legislative_assemblies_of_Canadian_provinces_and_territories" title="Legislative assemblies of Canadian provinces and territories">Legislatures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_British_Columbia" title="Legislative Assembly of British Columbia">BC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Alberta" title="Legislative Assembly of Alberta">AB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Saskatchewan" title="Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan">SK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Manitoba" title="Legislative Assembly of Manitoba">MB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Ontario" title="Legislative Assembly of Ontario">ON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Quebec" title="National Assembly of Quebec">QC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_New_Brunswick" title="Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick">NB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_House_of_Assembly" title="Nova Scotia House of Assembly">NS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Prince_Edward_Island" title="Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island">PEI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador_House_of_Assembly" title="Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly">NL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukon_Legislative_Assembly" title="Yukon Legislative Assembly">YU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_the_Northwest_Territories" title="Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories">NT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Nunavut" title="Legislative Assembly of Nunavut">NU</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Canada" title="Elections in Canada">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_Columbia_general_elections" title="List of British Columbia general elections">BC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Alberta_general_elections" title="List of Alberta general elections">AB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Saskatchewan_general_elections" title="List of Saskatchewan general elections">SK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Manitoba_general_elections" title="List of Manitoba general elections">MB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ontario_general_elections" title="List of Ontario general elections">ON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Quebec_general_elections" title="List of Quebec general elections">QC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Brunswick_general_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="List of New Brunswick general elections">NB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nova_Scotia_general_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Nova Scotia general elections">NS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Prince_Edward_Island_general_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prince Edward Island general elections">PEI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador_general_elections" title="List of Newfoundland and Labrador general elections">NL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Yukon_general_elections" title="List of Yukon general elections">YU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Northwest_Territories_general_elections" title="List of Northwest Territories general elections">NT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nunavut_general_elections" title="List of Nunavut general elections">NU</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Canada#Federalism_and_foreign_relations" title="Foreign relations of Canada">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_system_of_Canada" title="Court system of Canada">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_the_Canadian_provinces" title="Monarchy in the Canadian provinces">Monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_culture_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Political culture of Canada">Political culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Canada" title="List of regions of Canada">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Representatives_of_the_monarch_in_Commonwealth_realms_and_dominions" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Representatives_of_the_monarch_in_Commonwealth_realms_and_Dominions" title="Template:Representatives of the monarch in Commonwealth realms and Dominions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Representatives_of_the_monarch_in_Commonwealth_realms_and_Dominions" title="Template 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title="Counsellor of State">Counsellors of State</a> (United Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-general#Modern_Commonwealth" title="Governor-general">Governors-general</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Australia" title="Governor-General of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_the_Bahamas" title="Governor-General of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Belize" title="Governor-General of Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Canada" title="Governor General of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Grenada" title="Governor-General of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Jamaica" title="Governor-General of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_New_Zealand" title="Governor-General of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Governor-General of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Governor-General of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Solomon_Islands" title="Governor-General of Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Tuvalu" title="Governor-General of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sub-national</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Governors_of_the_Australian_states" title="Governors of the Australian states">Australian state governors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_South_Wales" title="Governor of New South Wales">New South Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Queensland" title="Governor of Queensland">Queensland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_South_Australia" title="Governor of South Australia">South Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Tasmania" title="Governor of Tasmania">Tasmania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Victoria" title="Governor of Victoria">Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Western_Australia" title="Governor of Western Australia">Western Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant governor (Canada)">Canadian lieutenant governors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Alberta" title="Lieutenant Governor of Alberta">Alberta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_British_Columbia" title="Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia"> British Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Manitoba" title="Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba">Manitoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_New_Brunswick" title="Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Ontario" title="Lieutenant Governor of Ontario">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Prince_Edward_Island" title="Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Quebec" title="Lieutenant Governor of Quebec">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Saskatchewan" title="Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">Realm of New Zealand countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Representative" title="King's Representative">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_New_Zealand" title="Governor-General of New Zealand">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_New_Zealand" title="Governor-General of New Zealand">Tokelau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Guernsey" title="Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Jersey" title="Lieutenant Governor of Jersey">Jersey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Anguilla" title="Governor of Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Bermuda" title="Governor of Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_for_the_British_Antarctic_Territory" title="Commissioner for the British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_for_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="Commissioner for the British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of the British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Governor of the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Governor of the Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Gibraltar" title="Governor of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Montserrat" title="Governor of Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Pitcairn" title="Governor of Pitcairn">Pitcairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Saint_Helena" title="Governor of Saint Helena">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_for_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="Commissioner for South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other viceregal representatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Lord-lieutenant" title="Lord-lieutenant">United Kingdom lieutenancy areas</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Barbados" title="Governor-General of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Ceylon" title="Governor-General of Ceylon">Ceylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Fiji" title="Governor-General of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Gambia#Governor-General" title="List of heads of state of the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Ghana#Governor-General" title="List of heads of state of Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Guyana#Governor-General" title="List of heads of state of Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_India" title="Governor-General of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_the_Irish_Free_State" title="Governor-General of the Irish Free State">Irish Free State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Kenya#Governor-General" title="List of heads of state of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Malawi#Governor-General" title="List of heads of state of Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Malta" title="Governor-General of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Mauritius" title="Governor-General of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Nigeria#Governor-General" title="List of heads of state of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Pakistan" title="Governor-General of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Sierra_Leone#Governor-General" title="List of heads of state of Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_South_Africa" title="Governor-General of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Tanzania#Governor-General" title="List of heads of state of Tanzania">Tanganyika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago#Governor-General" title="List of heads of state of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Uganda#Governor-general" title="List of heads of state of Uganda">Uganda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" 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