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class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geschiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geschiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geschiedenis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geschiedenis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Geschiedenis-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geschiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prehistorie_en_oudheid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistorie_en_oudheid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Prehistorie en oudheid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistorie_en_oudheid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middeleeuwen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middeleeuwen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Middeleeuwen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middeleeuwen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nieuwe_Tijd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nieuwe_Tijd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Nieuwe Tijd</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nieuwe_Tijd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Na_de_Tweede_Wereldoorlog" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Na_de_Tweede_Wereldoorlog"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Na de Tweede Wereldoorlog</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Na_de_Tweede_Wereldoorlog-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geografie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Geografie-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Topografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Topografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Topografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bestuurlijke_indeling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bestuurlijke_indeling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Bestuurlijke indeling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bestuurlijke_indeling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Klimaat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klimaat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Klimaat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klimaat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demografie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demografie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Demografie-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bevolkingssamenstelling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bevolkingssamenstelling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Bevolkingssamenstelling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bevolkingssamenstelling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ontwikkeling_van_het_inwonertal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ontwikkeling_van_het_inwonertal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Ontwikkeling van het inwonertal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ontwikkeling_van_het_inwonertal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Religie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bestuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bestuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bestuur</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bestuur-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Bestuur-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bestuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lokale_overheid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lokale_overheid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Lokale overheid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lokale_overheid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nationale_overheid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nationale_overheid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Nationale overheid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nationale_overheid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stadsbeeld" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stadsbeeld"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Stadsbeeld</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Stadsbeeld-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Stadsbeeld-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Stadsbeeld-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Architectuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architectuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Architectuur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architectuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parken" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parken"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Parken</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parken-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pleinen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pleinen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Pleinen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pleinen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Cultuur</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cultuur-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Cultuur-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cultuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bezienswaardigheden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bezienswaardigheden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Bezienswaardigheden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bezienswaardigheden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musea_en_galerieën" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musea_en_galerieën"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Musea en galerieën</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musea_en_galerieën-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theater_en_muziek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theater_en_muziek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Theater en muziek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theater_en_muziek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatuur_en_film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatuur_en_film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Literatuur en film</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatuur_en_film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eten_en_drinken" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eten_en_drinken"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Eten en drinken</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eten_en_drinken-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Economie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Economie-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bedrijvigheid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bedrijvigheid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Bedrijvigheid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bedrijvigheid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Techbedrijven" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Techbedrijven"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Techbedrijven</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Techbedrijven-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Detailhandel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Detailhandel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Detailhandel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Detailhandel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Toerisme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toerisme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Toerisme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toerisme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verkeer_en_vervoer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verkeer_en_vervoer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Verkeer en vervoer</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Verkeer_en_vervoer-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Verkeer en vervoer-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Verkeer_en_vervoer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Wegverkeer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wegverkeer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Wegverkeer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wegverkeer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Luchthavens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Luchthavens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Luchthavens</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Luchthavens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spoorwegen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spoorwegen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Spoorwegen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spoorwegen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Metro</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Onderwijs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Onderwijs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Onderwijs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Onderwijs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gezondheidszorg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gezondheidszorg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Gezondheidszorg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gezondheidszorg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stedenbanden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stedenbanden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Stedenbanden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stedenbanden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bekende_Londenaars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bekende_Londenaars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Bekende Londenaars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bekende_Londenaars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Externe links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Inhoudsopgave" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Londen</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 274 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-274" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">274 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лондон – Abchazisch" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Лондон" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abchazisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Atjehs" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Atjehs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лондон – Adygees" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Лондон" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adygees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londen" title="Londen – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Londen" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Zwitserduits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Zwitserduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%88%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B0%E1%8A%95" title="ለንደን – Amhaars" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ለንደን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amhaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londres" title="Londres – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Londres" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunden" title="Lunden – Oudengels" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Lunden" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Oudengels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8" title="लंदन – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="लंदन" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86" title="لندن – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لندن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A0%DC%98%DC%A2%DC%95%DC%98%DC%A2" title="ܠܘܢܕܘܢ – Aramees" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܘܢܕܘܢ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86" title="لندن – Marokkaans Arabisch" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لندن" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Marokkaans Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86" title="لندن – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لندن" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%A8" title="লণ্ডন – Assamees" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="লণ্ডন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londres" title="Londres – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Londres" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лондон – Avarisch" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Лондон" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%A8" title="लण्डन – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="लण्डन" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86" title="لندن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لندن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лондон – Basjkiers" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Лондон" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Basjkiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Balinees" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Beiers" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Beiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londons" title="Londons – Samogitisch" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Londons" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londres" title="Londres – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Londres" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Лондан – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лондан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Лёндан – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Лёндан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londen" title="Londen – Bataviaans" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Londen" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Bataviaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лондон – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лондон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8" title="लंदन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="लंदन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%A8" title="লন্ডন – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লন্ডন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8A%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="ལོན་ཊོན། – Tibetaans" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ལོན་ཊོན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londrez" title="Londrez – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Londrez" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лондон – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Лондон" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londres" title="Londres – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Londres" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B9ng-d%C5%ADng" title="Lùng-dŭng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Lùng-dŭng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лондон – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Лондон" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%AB%E1%8E%B4_%E1%8F%97%E1%8F%8D%E1%8E%AA%E1%8F%82%E1%8E%AF%E1%8F%B1" title="ᎫᎴ ᏗᏍᎪᏂᎯᏱ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎫᎴ ᏗᏍᎪᏂᎯᏱ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%86" title="لەندەن – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لەندەن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londra" title="Londra – Corsicaans" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Londra" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsicaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Krim-Tataars" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Krim-Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lond%C3%BDn" title="Londýn – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Londýn" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londin" title="Londin – Kasjoebisch" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Londin" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kasjoebisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8A" title="Лондонъ – Kerkslavisch" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Лондонъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Kerkslavisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лондон – Tsjoevasjisch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Лондон" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tsjoevasjisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llundain" title="Llundain – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Llundain" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londra" title="Londra – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Londra" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Nedersorbisch" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Nedersorbisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%A8" title="लण्डन – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="लण्डन" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8D%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%91%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%B0" title="ލަންޑަން – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ލަންޑަން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%BF" title="Λονδίνο – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λονδίνο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B2ndra" title="Lòndra – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Lòndra" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londono" title="Londono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Londono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londres" title="Londres – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Londres" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londres" title="Londres – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Londres" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londri" title="Londri – Extremeens" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Londri" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86" title="لندن – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لندن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Fulah" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fulah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lontoo" title="Lontoo – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lontoo" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodoni" title="Lodoni – Fijisch" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Lodoni" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Faeröers" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faeröers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londres" title="Londres – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Londres" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londro" title="Londro – Arpitaans" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Londro" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/London/mo" title="London/mo – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="London/mo" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londre" title="Londre – Friulisch" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Londre" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londen" title="Londen – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Londen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londain" title="Londain – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Londain" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Gagaoezisch" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagaoezisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%80%AB%E6%95%A6" title="倫敦 – Ganyu" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="倫敦" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Ganyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lonn" title="Lonn – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lonn" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunnainn" title="Lunnainn – Schots-Gaelisch" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Lunnainn" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Schots-Gaelisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londres" title="Londres – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Londres" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86" title="لندن – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="لندن" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B3ndyre" title="Lóndyre – Guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Lóndyre" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BD" title="𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌽 – Gothisch" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌽" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%A1%E0%AA%A8" title="લંડન – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="લંડન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunnin" title="Lunnin – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Lunnin" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landan" title="Landan – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Landan" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B9n-t%C3%BBn" title="Lùn-tûn – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Lùn-tûn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%81kana" title="Lākana – Hawaïaans" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Lākana" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaïaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9F" title="לונדון – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לונדון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8" title="लंदन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लंदन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Fijisch Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fijisch Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Oppersorbisch" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Oppersorbisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lonn" title="Lonn – Haïtiaans Creools" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lonn" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans Creools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Լոնդոն – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լոնդոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Լոնտոն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Լոնտոն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londres" title="Londres – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Londres" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лондон – Ingoesjetisch" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Лондон" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingoesjetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londra" title="Londra – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Londra" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%B3" title="ロンドン – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロンドン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landan" title="Landan – Jamaicaans Creools" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Landan" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaicaans Creools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/london" title="london – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="london" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ლონდონი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლონდონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Karakalpaks" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Karakalpaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Kabylisch" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabylisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лондон – Kabardisch" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Лондон" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C9%94ndr%C9%A9" title="Lɔndrɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Lɔndrɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лондон – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Лондон" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Groenlands" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="Groenlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A1%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%8D" title="ឡុងដ៍ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ឡុងដ៍" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಲಂಡನ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಲಂಡನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9F%B0%EB%8D%98" title="런던 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="런던" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лондон – Komi-Permjaaks" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Лондон" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permjaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лондон – Karatsjaj-Balkarisch" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Лондон" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karatsjaj-Balkarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8E%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8E%D9%86" title="لَندَن – Kasjmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="لَندَن" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kasjmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Kölsch" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Kölsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Koerdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лондон – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Лондон" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loundres" title="Loundres – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Loundres" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лондон – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Лондон" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londinium" title="Londinium – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Londinium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londra" title="Londra – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Londra" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лондон – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Лондон" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лондон – Lezgisch" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Лондон" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londe" title="Londe – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Londe" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londra" title="Londra – Ligurisch" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Londra" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lundra" title="Lundra – Lombardisch" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lundra" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B3nd%C9%9Bl%C9%9B" title="Lóndɛlɛ – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Lóndɛlɛ" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99" title="ລອນດອນ – Laotiaans" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ລອນດອນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Laotiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londonas" title="Londonas – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Londonas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londona" title="Londona – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Londona" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%A8" title="लन्डन – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="लन्डन" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лондон – Moksja" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Лондон" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B4nd%C3%B4na" title="Lôndôna – Malagassisch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Lôndôna" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagassisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лондон – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Лондон" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C4%81nana" title="Rānana – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Rānana" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лондон – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Лондон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BB" title="ലണ്ടൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലണ്ടൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лондон – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Лондон" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%A8" title="लंडन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लंडन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лондон – West-Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Лондон" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="West-Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londra" title="Londra – Maltees" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Londra" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londres" title="Londres – Mirandees" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Londres" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="လန်ဒန်မြို့ – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လန်ဒန်မြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Лондон ош – Erzja" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Лондон ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86" title="لندن – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="لندن" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londra" title="Londra – Napolitaans" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Londra" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Napolitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Nedersaksisch" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londen" title="Londen – Nederduits" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Londen" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Nederduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%A8" title="लन्डन – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="लन्डन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8" title="लन्दन – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="लन्दन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londres" title="Londres – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Londres" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tooh_Dine%CA%BC%C3%A9_Bikin_Haal%CA%BC%C3%A1" title="Tooh Dineʼé Bikin Haalʼá – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tooh Dineʼé Bikin Haalʼá" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londres_(Anglat%C3%A8rra)" title="Londres (Anglatèrra) – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Londres (Anglatèrra)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landan" title="Landan – Afaan Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Landan" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Afaan Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%A8" title="ଲଣ୍ଡନ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଲଣ୍ଡନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лондон – Ossetisch" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Лондон" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%A8" title="ਲੰਡਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲੰਡਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Papiaments" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiaments" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londe" title="Londe – Picardisch" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Londe" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Pennsylvania-Duits" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania-Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londyn" title="Londyn – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Londyn" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londra" title="Londra – Piëmontees" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Londra" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piëmontees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86" title="لندن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لندن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%BF" title="Λονδίνο – Pontisch" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Λονδίνο" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86" title="لندن – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لندن" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londres" title="Londres – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Londres" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pwn mw-list-item"><a href="https://pwn.wikipedia.org/wiki/lizuk_a_lundun" title="lizuk a lundun – Paiwan" lang="pwn" hreflang="pwn" data-title="lizuk a lundun" data-language-autonym="Pinayuanan" data-language-local-name="Paiwan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pinayuanan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunrun" title="Lunrun – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Lunrun" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londra" title="Londra – Reto-Romaans" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Londra" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Reto-Romaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londra" title="Londra – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Londra" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londra" title="Londra – Aroemeens" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Londra" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aroemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londre" title="Londre – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Londre" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лондон – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лондон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лондон – Roetheens" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Лондон" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Roetheens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D" title="लन्डन् – Sanskriet" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="लन्डन्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskriet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лондон – Jakoets" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Лондон" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakoets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londra" title="Londra – Sardijns" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Londra" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardijns" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londra" title="Londra – Siciliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Londra" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Siciliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunnon" title="Lunnon – Schots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Lunnon" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Schots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%86%DA%8A%D9%86" title="لنڊن – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="لنڊن" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Noord-Samisch" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Noord-Samisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lun%E1%B8%8Dun" title="Lunḍun – Tashelhiyt" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Lunḍun" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tashelhiyt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%80%90%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87" title="လၼ်ႇတၼ်ႇ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="လၼ်ႇတၼ်ႇ" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A9%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="ලන්ඩන් – Singalees" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ලන්ඩන්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lond%C3%BDn" title="Londýn – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Londýn" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86" title="لندن – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="لندن" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lonetona" title="Lonetona – Samoaans" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Lonetona" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lontoo" title="Lontoo – Inari-Samisch" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Lontoo" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari-Samisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Somalisch" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londra" title="Londra – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Londra" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лондон – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Лондон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Sranantongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranantongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Zuid-Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Zuid-Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Saterfries" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterfries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Soendanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Soendanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C5%8Dnd%C5%8Dn" title="Lōndōn – Silezisch" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Lōndōn" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silezisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lon-tun" title="Lon-tun – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Lon-tun" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="இலண்டன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இலண்டன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="లండన్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="లండన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londres" title="Londres – Tetun" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Londres" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лондон – Tadzjieks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Лондон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzjieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="ลอนดอน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลอนดอน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Turkmeens" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londres" title="Londres – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Londres" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lonitoni" title="Lonitoni – Tongaans" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Lonitoni" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landen" title="Landen – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Landen" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londra" title="Londra – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Londra" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лондон – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Лондон" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Toemboeka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Toemboeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лондон – Oedmoerts" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Лондон" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Oedmoerts" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%87%D9%86" title="لوندۇن – Oeigoers" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="لوندۇن" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Oeigoers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лондон – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лондон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86" title="لندن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لندن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81ondra" title="Łondra – Venetiaans" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łondra" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Wepsisch" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Wepsisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lu%C3%A2n_%C4%90%C3%B4n" title="Luân Đôn – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Luân Đôn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londn" title="Londn – West-Vlaams" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Londn" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West-Vlaams" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londe" title="Londe – Waals" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Londe" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Waals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="London" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londar" title="Londar – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Londar" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%A6%E6%95%A6" title="伦敦 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="伦敦" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ლონდონი – Mingreels" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ლონდონი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingreels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%90%D7%9F" title="לאנדאן – Jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="לאנדאן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%E1%BB%8Dnd%E1%BB%8Dnu" title="Lọndọnu – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Lọndọnu" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunzdunh" title="Lunzdunh – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Lunzdunh" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londen" title="Londen – Zeeuws" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Londen" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%8D%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8F" title="ⵍⵓⵏⴷⵓⵏ – Standaard Marokkaanse Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵍⵓⵏⴷⵓⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standaard Marokkaanse Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%A6%E6%95%A6" title="伦敦 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伦敦" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%80%AB%E6%95%A6" title="倫敦 – Klassiek Chinees" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="倫敦" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Klassiek Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BBn-tun" title="Lûn-tun – Minnanyu" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lûn-tun" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnanyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%80%AB%E6%95%A6" title="倫敦 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="倫敦" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ILondon" title="ILondon – Zoeloe" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="ILondon" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zoeloe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q84#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Londen" title="Inhoudspagina bekijken [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Overleg:Londen" rel="discussion" title="Overleg over deze pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div 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typeof="mw:File"><span title="Coördinaten"><img alt="Coördinaten" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Internet-web-browser.svg/23px-Internet-web-browser.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Internet-web-browser.svg/35px-Internet-web-browser.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Internet-web-browser.svg/46px-Internet-web-browser.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> <a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=nl&params=51_31_0_N_0_7_0_W_region:GB_type:city(7421228)&pagename=Londen&title=text_coordinates">51° 31′ NB, 0° 7′ WL</a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><div id="sjabloon_zie" class="hatnote" style="padding:0.5em; margin-bottom:0.5em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span style="padding-right:0.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Disambig-dark.svg/40px-Disambig-dark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Disambig-dark.svg/60px-Disambig-dark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="444" data-file-height="340" /></span></span></span> <i>Zie <a href="/wiki/London" class="mw-disambig" title="London">London</a> (doorverwijspagina) voor andere betekenissen van Londen en London.</i> </div> <table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <caption class="notheme" style="font-size:large; margin-bottom:0.5em;"><b>Londen<br /><small><span lang="en" title="Engels">London</span></small></b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="text-align:center;" colspan="2">Stad in <a href="/wiki/Engeland_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Engeland (hoofdbetekenis)">Engeland</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_England.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Engeland"><img alt="Vlag van Engeland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/20px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/30px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/40px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:white; color:inherit;" class="center" colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:London_(European_Parliament_constituency).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/London_%28European_Parliament_constituency%29.svg/200px-London_%28European_Parliament_constituency%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="366" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/London_%28European_Parliament_constituency%29.svg/300px-London_%28European_Parliament_constituency%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/London_%28European_Parliament_constituency%29.svg/400px-London_%28European_Parliament_constituency%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="641" data-file-height="1173" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" colspan="2">Situering </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_landen_in_2025" title="Lijst van landen in 2025">Land</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Verenigd_Koninkrijk" title="Verenigd Koninkrijk">Verenigd Koninkrijk</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Regio%27s_van_Engeland" title="Regio's van Engeland">Regio</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Groot-Londen" title="Groot-Londen">Groot-Londen</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Geografische_co%C3%B6rdinaten" title="Geografische coördinaten">Coördinaten</a> </th> <td><span class="coordinates plainlinks"><span><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=nl&params=51_30_26_N_0_7_39_W_type:city_scale:25000&pagename=Londen">51°30'26"NB, 0°7'39"WL</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" colspan="2">Algemeen </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Oppervlakte" title="Oppervlakte">Oppervlakte</a> </th> <td>(Groot-Londen) 1.577,3 km² </td></tr> <tr> <th>Inwoners <br /><small class="nowrap">(2015)</small> </th> <td>8.674.713 <br />(5.354 inw./km²) </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" colspan="2">Overig </th></tr> <tr> <th>Website </th> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.london.gov.uk/">www.london.gov.uk</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" colspan="2">Foto's </th></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" style="padding:0;" colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:London_collage.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Boven: Skyline van City of London, Midden links: Tower Bridge, Midden rechts: London Eye, Onder: Palace of Westminster."><img alt="Boven: Skyline van City of London, Midden links: Tower Bridge, Midden rechts: London Eye, Onder: Palace of Westminster." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/London_collage.jpg/266px-London_collage.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/London_collage.jpg/399px-London_collage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/London_collage.jpg/532px-London_collage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="3500" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="2" style="font-size:85%"><b>Boven:</b> Skyline van <a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a>, <b>Midden links</b>: <a href="/wiki/Tower_Bridge" title="Tower Bridge">Tower Bridge</a>, <b>Midden rechts:</b> <a href="/wiki/London_Eye" title="London Eye">London Eye</a>, <b>Onder:</b> <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Westminster" title="Palace of Westminster">Palace of Westminster</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" colspan="2"> <table style="border-collapse:collapse;" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Verenigd_Koninkrijk" title="Portaal:Verenigd Koninkrijk">Verenigd Koninkrijk</a></b> <br /><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Londen" title="Portaal:Londen">Londen</a></b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Londen</b> (<a href="/wiki/Engels_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Engels (hoofdbetekenis)">Engels</a>: <i>London</i>) is de <a href="/wiki/Hoofdstad" title="Hoofdstad">hoofdstad</a> en grootste stad van zowel <a href="/wiki/Engeland_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Engeland (hoofdbetekenis)">Engeland</a> als het <a href="/wiki/Verenigd_Koninkrijk_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Verenigd Koninkrijk (hoofdbetekenis)">Verenigd Koninkrijk</a>. </p><p>In de <a href="/wiki/Regio%27s_van_Engeland" title="Regio's van Engeland">regio</a> <a href="/wiki/Groot-Londen" title="Groot-Londen">Groot-Londen</a>, waarvan de begrenzing vaak gelijk wordt gesteld aan die van de stad Londen, wonen bijna 8,7 miljoen mensen. De hele regio van de metropool strekt zich evenwel nog ver uit buiten de grenzen van Groot-Londen. De grenzen hiervan zijn niet gemakkelijk aan te geven, het aantal inwoners ligt tussen de 12 en 14 miljoen.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tussen 1831 en 1925 was Londen de grootste stad ter wereld.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De stad is, behalve de hoofdstad en de grootste stad van het Verenigd Koninkrijk, ook het politieke, economische en culturele centrum van dat land. Ook in <a href="/wiki/Europa_(werelddeel)" title="Europa (werelddeel)">Europa</a> en de wereld vervult ze een belangrijke functie op diverse gebieden: Londen wordt als een van de vier traditionele alfa-<a href="/wiki/Wereldstad" class="mw-redirect" title="Wereldstad">wereldsteden</a> beschouwd, samen met <a href="/wiki/Parijs" title="Parijs">Parijs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio">Tokio</a> en <a href="/wiki/New_York_(stad)" title="New York (stad)">New York</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vooral in de 18e en de 19e eeuw was Londen als hoofdstad van het <a href="/wiki/Britse_Rijk" title="Britse Rijk">Britse Rijk</a> het absolute politieke en economische machtscentrum van de wereld. </p><p>Londen telt vier plaatsen die op de <a href="/wiki/Werelderfgoedlijst" title="Werelderfgoedlijst">Werelderfgoedlijst</a> van de <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> staan: de <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London_(gebouw)" title="Tower of London (gebouw)">Tower of London</a>, de historische nederzetting van <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_(Londen)" title="Greenwich (Londen)">Greenwich</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Kew_Gardens" title="Kew Gardens">Kew Gardens</a>, en een gezamenlijke inschrijving bestaande uit het <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Westminster" title="Palace of Westminster">Palace of Westminster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a> en <a href="/wiki/Saint_Margaret%27s_Church_(Westminster)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Margaret's Church (Westminster)">Saint Margaret's Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschiedenis">Geschiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Geschiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Geschiedenis"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; padding:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.6em; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/20px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/40px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Zie <a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_Londen" title="Geschiedenis van Londen">Geschiedenis van Londen</a> voor het hoofdartikel over dit onderwerp.</i></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Map_Londinium_400_AD-de.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Map_Londinium_400_AD-de.svg/250px-Map_Londinium_400_AD-de.svg.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Map_Londinium_400_AD-de.svg/330px-Map_Londinium_400_AD-de.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Map_Londinium_400_AD-de.svg/500px-Map_Londinium_400_AD-de.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="996" data-file-height="998" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Londinium" title="Londinium">Londinium</a> omstreeks 400 n.Chr.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistorie_en_oudheid">Prehistorie en oudheid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Prehistorie en oudheid" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Prehistorie en oudheid"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Volgens de <a href="/wiki/Middeleeuwen" title="Middeleeuwen">middeleeuwse</a> <a href="/wiki/Mythologie" title="Mythologie">mythologie</a> van <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_van_Monmouth" title="Geoffrey van Monmouth">Geoffrey van Monmouth</a> werd Londen gesticht door <a href="/wiki/Brutus_van_Troje" title="Brutus van Troje">Brutus van Troje</a> en stond bekend als Troia Nova, dat verbasterd werd tot Trinovantum.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Koning <a href="/wiki/Lud" title="Lud">Lud</a> zou de stad hebben omgedoopt in Caer Ludein, de oorsprong van de naam "Londen".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Geoffrey voorziet het voorhistorische Londen van een rijke tooi van legendarische koningen en interessante verhalen, die eveneens in zijn <i><a href="/wiki/Historia_regum_Britanniae" title="Historia regum Britanniae">Historia regum Britanniae</a></i> worden beschreven. <a href="/wiki/Archeologie" title="Archeologie">Archeologen</a> hebben echter, behalve tekenen van landbouw en resten van bewoning, geen bewijs gevonden van een voorhistorische of Britse stad. </p><p>Gedurende de <a href="/wiki/Prehistorie" title="Prehistorie">prehistorie</a> was Londen een landbouwgebied. In dit gebied waren de handelsposten <a href="/wiki/Egham" title="Egham">Egham</a> en <a href="/wiki/Brentford" title="Brentford">Brentford</a> gevestigd. Deze twee plaatsen zijn niet uitgegroeid tot steden, mede vanwege een gebrek aan communicatiemogelijkheden.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Belangrijke vondsten, zoals het <a href="/wiki/Schild_van_Battersea" title="Schild van Battersea">Schild van Battersea</a>, dat in de <a href="/wiki/Theems" title="Theems">Theems</a> bij <a href="/wiki/Chelsea_(Londen)" title="Chelsea (Londen)">Chelsea</a> werd gevonden, doen wel vermoeden dat het gebied belangrijk was.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rond het jaar 50, onder de <a href="/wiki/Romeinen_(volk)" title="Romeinen (volk)">Romeinse</a> <a href="/wiki/Claudius_I" title="Claudius I">keizer Claudius</a>, werd de stad als <a href="/wiki/Londinium" title="Londinium">Londinium</a> gesticht op de noordoever van de Theems.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Het was de hoofdstad van de Romeinse provincie <a href="/wiki/Britannia_(Romeinse_provincie)" title="Britannia (Romeinse provincie)">Britannia</a>. Waarschijnlijk werd al in de <a href="/wiki/2e_eeuw" title="2e eeuw">tweede eeuw</a> een brug over de rivier gebouwd. Nadat de stad in 61, door troepen van <a href="/wiki/Boudicca" class="mw-redirect" title="Boudicca">Boudicca</a>, geheel verwoest werd, groeide zij uit tot een van de grootste steden van het <a href="/wiki/Romeinse_Rijk" title="Romeinse Rijk">Romeinse Rijk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Na het vertrek van de Romeinen in 410 raakte de stad in verval. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Bayeux_Tapestry_William.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Bayeux_Tapestry_William.jpg/250px-Bayeux_Tapestry_William.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Bayeux_Tapestry_William.jpg/330px-Bayeux_Tapestry_William.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="979" /></a><figcaption>Willem de Veroveraar op het <a href="/wiki/Tapijt_van_Bayeux" title="Tapijt van Bayeux">Tapijt van Bayeux</a></figcaption></figure> <div style="clear:left;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middeleeuwen">Middeleeuwen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Middeleeuwen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Middeleeuwen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Angelsaksen" title="Angelsaksen">Angelsaksische</a> <a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_Britse_koningen" class="mw-redirect" title="Lijst van Britse koningen">koningen</a> heersten over Engeland na het vertrek van de Romeinen. De stad werd regelmatig geplunderd door <a href="/wiki/Vikingen" title="Vikingen">Vikingen</a>. <a href="/wiki/Alfred_de_Grote" title="Alfred de Grote">Alfred de Grote</a> versloeg de Vikingen na een reeks van veldslagen.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zo kon de stad weer tot bloei komen. De <a href="/wiki/Normandi%C3%AB" title="Normandië">Normandiër</a> <a href="/wiki/Willem_de_Veroveraar" title="Willem de Veroveraar">Willem de Veroveraar</a> trof, na zijn verovering in 1066 (zie <a href="/wiki/Slag_bij_Hastings" title="Slag bij Hastings">Slag bij Hastings</a>), een welvarende stad aan. Na zijn overwinning verwoestte het leger van Willem een groot gedeelte van het land in een poging de Engelsen te onderwerpen, maar hij ontweek Londen. Hij wachtte bij <a href="/wiki/Berkhamsted" title="Berkhamsted">Berkhamsted</a> totdat de officials van de stad hem als koning zouden erkennen. De Londenaren stemden snel in met zijn voorstel en zodoende werd Londen de hoofdstad van het gebied dat in handen was van Willem.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Londen groeide verder in welvaart en inwonertal tijdens de <a href="/wiki/Middeleeuwen" title="Middeleeuwen">middeleeuwen</a>. De stad had in 1100 ongeveer 40.000 inwoners, in 1300 waren dat er al bijna 100.000.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Londen wist zich dankzij zijn rijkdom steeds zelfstandiger te maken van de koningen. Tegen betaling verkreeg het verschillende vrijheden en privileges. Zo kreeg de stad in 1194 van <a href="/wiki/Richard_I_van_Engeland" title="Richard I van Engeland">Richard Leeuwenhart</a> het statuut dat een bestuur van mayor (burgemeester) en aldermen (wethouders) handhaafde. Dit werd bevestigd in een nieuw handvest van 1199. In 1215 moest <a href="/wiki/Jan_zonder_Land" title="Jan zonder Land">Jan zonder Land</a> nieuwe privileges toestaan, als gevolg van de bepalingen in de <a href="/wiki/Magna_Carta" title="Magna Carta">Magna Carta</a>. </p><p>Geleidelijk verwierf de City zoveel zelfbestuur, dat geen enkele ambtenaar van de koning er toegang had en de koning zelf alleen na toestemming. De macht was in handen van de kooplieden, die zich hadden verenigd in corporaties. Ook buitenlandse kooplieden vestigden zich in de stad, <a href="/wiki/Florence_(stad)" title="Florence (stad)">Florentijnen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republiek_Genua" title="Republiek Genua">Genuezen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republiek_Veneti%C3%AB" title="Republiek Venetië">Venetianen</a> en vooral <a href="/wiki/Hanze" title="Hanze">Hanzekooplui</a>, die sinds 1157 hun kantoor hadden in Steel Yard. Tijdens de <a href="/wiki/Rozenoorlogen" title="Rozenoorlogen">Rozenoorlog</a> was Londen neutraal, waardoor het van zowel het <a href="/wiki/Huis_Lancaster" title="Huis Lancaster">huis Lancaster</a> als van hun tegenstanders van het <a href="/wiki/Huis_York" title="Huis York">huis York</a> privileges kreeg. In 1381 werd de stad geplunderd door opstandige boeren onder <a href="/wiki/Wat_Tyler" title="Wat Tyler">Wat Tyler</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Great_Fire_London.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Great_Fire_London.jpg/200px-Great_Fire_London.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Great_Fire_London.jpg/300px-Great_Fire_London.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Great_Fire_London.jpg/400px-Great_Fire_London.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5477" data-file-height="3189" /></a><figcaption>De <a href="/wiki/Grote_brand_van_Londen" title="Grote brand van Londen">grote brand</a> in 1666 richtte de stad veel schade aan</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nieuwe_Tijd">Nieuwe Tijd</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Nieuwe Tijd" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Nieuwe Tijd"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Londen werd al vroeg een financieel en handelscentrum: in 1565 werd de Royal Exchange gesticht, de eerste beurs van de stad. Twee rampen troffen Londen kort na elkaar: in 1665 was er een grote <a href="/wiki/Pestepidemie_in_Londen" title="Pestepidemie in Londen">pestepidemie</a>, die ongeveer 100.000 slachtoffers eiste,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> en in 1666 de <a href="/wiki/Grote_brand_van_Londen" title="Grote brand van Londen">grote brand van Londen</a>, die van 2 tot 5 september woedde en een groot deel van de City verwoestte. Hierbij ging ook <a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral_(Londen)" title="St Paul's Cathedral (Londen)">St Paul's Cathedral</a> in vlammen op. Tegelijkertijd was de <a href="/wiki/Tweede_Engels-Nederlandse_Oorlog" title="Tweede Engels-Nederlandse Oorlog">Tweede Engels-Nederlandse Oorlog</a> aan de gang. <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Wren" title="Christopher Wren">Sir Christopher Wren</a> speelde een grote rol bij de stedenbouwkundige planning en wederopbouw na de Grote Brand. Zo ontwierp hij de nieuwe St Paul's Cathedral en het herdenkingsmonument van de Grote Brand, eenvoudigweg '<a href="/wiki/Monument_(Londen)" title="Monument (Londen)">The Monument</a>' geheten. Wren voerde ook enkele verbouwingen uit aan het <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Whitehall" title="Palace of Whitehall">Palace of Whitehall</a> alvorens het complex afbrandde in 1698. </p><p>Aan het einde van de <a href="/wiki/17e_eeuw" title="17e eeuw">zeventiende eeuw</a> stichtte koning <a href="/wiki/Willem_III_van_Oranje" title="Willem III van Oranje">Willem III</a>, met behulp van Nederlands kapitaal, de <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England" title="Bank of England">Bank of England</a>, gevestigd in <a href="/wiki/Threadneedle_Street" title="Threadneedle Street">Threadneedle Street</a>. In de <a href="/wiki/18e_eeuw" title="18e eeuw">achttiende eeuw</a> was Londen een zeer welvarende stad. Het had van <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Amsterdam (hoofdbetekenis)">Amsterdam</a> de rol van financieel wereldcentrum overgenomen. In <a href="/wiki/Great_Exhibition" title="Great Exhibition">1851</a> en in <a href="/wiki/International_Exhibition_(1862)" class="mw-redirect" title="International Exhibition (1862)">1862</a>, tijdens het <a href="/wiki/Victoriaans_tijdperk" title="Victoriaans tijdperk">victoriaanse tijdperk</a>, werden er <a href="/wiki/Wereldtentoonstelling" title="Wereldtentoonstelling">wereldtentoonstellingen</a> georganiseerd. </p><p>In de tweede helft van de 19e eeuw werd in de stad een grootschalig <a href="/wiki/Riool" title="Riool">rioolstelsel</a> aangelegd, onder leiding van <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bazalgette" title="Joseph Bazalgette">Sir Joseph Bazalgette</a>. Hiermee was Londen de eerste stad ter wereld die op deze manier de levensstandaard en gezondheid van de bevolking aanzienlijk verbeterde. </p><p>Tijdens de <a href="/wiki/Tweede_Wereldoorlog" title="Tweede Wereldoorlog">Tweede Wereldoorlog</a> werd Londen zwaar getroffen door <a href="/wiki/Nazi-Duitsland" title="Nazi-Duitsland">Duitse</a> bombardementen, waarbij ongeveer 20.000 doden vielen.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Londen was het zenuwcentrum van de verdediging tegen de dreiging van de <a href="/wiki/Asmogendheden" title="Asmogendheden">asmogendheden</a>. Vanuit de <a href="/wiki/Churchill_Museum_and_Cabinet_War_Rooms" title="Churchill Museum and Cabinet War Rooms">Cabinet War Rooms</a> leidde premier <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> het rijk. Vanuit een bunker onder het metrostation <a href="/wiki/Goodge_Street_(metrostation)" title="Goodge Street (metrostation)">Goodge Street</a> leidde <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight Eisenhower</a> <a href="/wiki/Operatie_Overlord" title="Operatie Overlord">operatie Overlord</a> en de invasie van het vasteland van Europa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Na_de_Tweede_Wereldoorlog">Na de Tweede Wereldoorlog</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Na de Tweede Wereldoorlog" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Na de Tweede Wereldoorlog"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Canary_Wharf_200810.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Canary_Wharf_200810.jpg/260px-Canary_Wharf_200810.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Canary_Wharf_200810.jpg/390px-Canary_Wharf_200810.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Canary_Wharf_200810.jpg/520px-Canary_Wharf_200810.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="685" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Canary_Wharf_(gebouwencomplex)" title="Canary Wharf (gebouwencomplex)">Canary Wharf</a> in de <a href="/wiki/Docklands_(Londen)" title="Docklands (Londen)">Docklands</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Enkele malen (in <a href="/wiki/1952" title="1952">1952</a> en <a href="/wiki/1962" title="1962">1962</a>) is Londen ernstig bedreigd door overstromingen (de stad zakt met een snelheid van 30 cm per eeuw),<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> wat de aanleg van de imposante <a href="/wiki/Thames_Barrier" title="Thames Barrier">Thames Barrier</a> (<a href="/wiki/1977" title="1977">1977</a>–<a href="/wiki/1982" title="1982">1982</a>) bij <a href="/wiki/Woolwich" title="Woolwich">Woolwich</a> in de Theems noodzakelijk maakte. </p><p>Door de jaren heen is de stad als een inktvlek in alle richtingen gegroeid en slokte vele kleine stadjes en dorpen op. De groei naar buiten toe wordt wat afgeremd door de instelling van een groengordel. De ontwikkeling concentreert zich in een opwaardering van de oude havengebieden, de <a href="/wiki/Docklands_(Londen)" title="Docklands (Londen)">Docklands</a>. </p><p>Londen is vanwege zijn status als wereldstad en als hoofdstad van het Verenigd Koninkrijk regelmatig het doelwit geweest van <a href="/wiki/Terrorisme" title="Terrorisme">terrorisme</a>. In 1939 en 1940 en tussen 1973 en 2001 werd door de <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Provisional Irish Republican Army">Provisional Irish Republican Army</a> een groot aantal <a href="/wiki/Bomaanslag" title="Bomaanslag">bomaanslagen</a> gepleegd. De zwaarste aanslagen waren echter een serie <a href="/wiki/Terroristische_aanslagen_in_Londen_van_7_juli_2005" class="mw-redirect" title="Terroristische aanslagen in Londen van 7 juli 2005">terroristische bomaanslagen op 7 juli 2005</a>. Bij explosies in drie verschillende metrostellen vielen 39 slachtoffers. Ook een bus werd opgeblazen, daar vielen 13 doden.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Twee weken later mislukte een <a href="/wiki/Terroristische_aanslagen_in_Londen_van_21_juli_2005" class="mw-redirect" title="Terroristische aanslagen in Londen van 21 juli 2005">serie soortgelijke aanslagen</a>. Een <a href="/wiki/Verijdelde_aanslagen_in_Londen_en_Glasgow" class="mw-redirect" title="Verijdelde aanslagen in Londen en Glasgow">nieuwe aanslag</a> met twee bomauto's op vrijdag 29 juni 2007 werd ternauwernood voorkomen. </p><p>In het begin van de 21ste eeuw oefent de stad een aantrekkingskracht uit op zowel (Russische) miljardairs als (illegale) immigranten.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Als gevolg van gestegen <a href="/wiki/Huurwoning" title="Huurwoning">huurprijzen</a> en bezuinigingen op de <a href="/wiki/Uitkering" title="Uitkering">uitkeringen</a> stijgt het aantal <a href="/wiki/Dakloze" class="mw-redirect" title="Dakloze">mensen dat op straat slaapt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografie">Geografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Geografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Geografie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Topografie">Topografie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Topografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Topografie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:PIA04301.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/PIA04301.jpg/260px-PIA04301.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/PIA04301.jpg/390px-PIA04301.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/PIA04301.jpg/520px-PIA04301.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3685" data-file-height="2635" /></a><figcaption>Satellietfoto van Londen</figcaption></figure> <p>De <a href="/wiki/Miljoenenstad" title="Miljoenenstad">miljoenenstad</a> Londen, of <a href="/wiki/Groot-Londen" title="Groot-Londen">Groot-Londen</a>, ligt in het zuidoosten van Engeland. Groot-Londen heeft een oppervlakte van 1,572 km².<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De stad wordt ruwweg van west naar oost doorsneden door de rivier de <a href="/wiki/Theems" title="Theems">Theems</a>. De <a href="/wiki/Riviervlakte" title="Riviervlakte">riviervlakte</a> waar de Theems door stroomt is de Thames Valley. Ooit was deze rivier veel breder en ondieper dan zij nu is en werd ze begrensd door <a href="/wiki/Drasland" title="Drasland">drasland</a>; ter hoogte van de <a href="/wiki/London_Bridge" title="London Bridge">London Bridge</a> was sprake van <a href="/wiki/Getijde_(waterbeweging)" title="Getijde (waterbeweging)">getijdenwerking</a> en bij hoogtij kon het water tot wel een kilometer breed worden, ongeveer vijf keer zo breed als nu.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Met de aanleg van de grootste <a href="/wiki/Thames_Embankment" title="Thames Embankment">Thames Embankment</a> vanaf 1862 werd de breedte van de rivier sterk beperkt, werd bijna 9 hectare land aangewonnen en konden een riool, een metrolijn en wegen aangelegd worden. Nog altijd vormt de getijdenwerking van de rivier een bedreiging voor Londen, al moet de <a href="/wiki/Thames_Barrier" title="Thames Barrier">Thames Barrier</a>, een waterkering in de Theems in het oosten van Londen, de komende decennia voldoende bescherming bieden. </p><p>Het hoogste natuurlijke punt in Londen is Westerham Heights met een hoogte van 245 meter.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Westerham Heights ligt in de borough <a href="/wiki/Bromley_(borough)" title="Bromley (borough)">Bromley</a> in <a href="/wiki/Outer_London" title="Outer London">Outer London</a>, de buitenring van Groot-Londen. De acht hoogste natuurlijke punten van de stad liggen allemaal in Outer London. Het hoogste punt van <a href="/wiki/Inner_London" title="Inner London">Inner London</a>, het centrale deel van Groot-Londen, is <a href="/wiki/Hampstead_Heath" title="Hampstead Heath">Hampstead Heath</a> in de borough <a href="/wiki/Camden_(Londen)" title="Camden (Londen)">Camden</a> met een hoogte van 134 meter. </p><p>De <a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a> is de historische stadskern; die wordt meestal alleen de City genoemd. De City is vooral bekend door het grote aantal financiële instellingen, dat er is gevestigd. Het gebied is slechts 2,6 km² groot en wordt ook wel de square mile genoemd. De City heeft ongeveer 7000 inwoners.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bestuurlijke_indeling">Bestuurlijke indeling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Bestuurlijke indeling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&action=edit&section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Bestuurlijke indeling"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Londen bestaat uit dertien <a href="/wiki/Borough" title="Borough">boroughs</a> (deelgemeenten) van Inner London: de City of London en twaalf direct omliggende boroughs, omringd door Outer London in <a href="/wiki/Groot-Londen" title="Groot-Londen">Greater London</a> (de stad als geheel). De boroughs zelf zijn ook weer opgedeeld in verschillende <a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_wijken_in_Londen" title="Lijst van wijken in Londen">wijken</a>. De stad kent in totaal 32 bestuurlijke eenheden. </p><p>De City of London is geen borough, maar een <a href="/wiki/Ceremoni%C3%ABle_graafschappen_van_Engeland" title="Ceremoniële graafschappen van Engeland">ceremonieel graafschap</a>. De City of London heeft daarnaast de status van stad, net als de <a href="/wiki/City_of_Westminster" title="City of Westminster">City of Westminster</a>. </p> <div style="overflow-x:auto;"> <table class="toccolours" style="margin:0 auto; backgrond:none;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding-right:1em;"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Westminster" title="City of Westminster">City of Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington_and_Chelsea" title="Kensington and Chelsea">Kensington and Chelsea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammersmith_and_Fulham" title="Hammersmith and Fulham">Hammersmith and Fulham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wandsworth_(borough)" title="Wandsworth (borough)">Wandsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambeth_(borough)" title="Lambeth (borough)">Lambeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwark_(borough)" title="Southwark (borough)">Southwark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_Hamlets" title="Tower Hamlets">Tower Hamlets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hackney_(borough)" title="Hackney (borough)">Hackney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islington" title="Islington">Islington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camden_(Londen)" title="Camden (Londen)">Camden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brent_(Londen)" title="Brent (Londen)">Brent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ealing_(borough)" title="Ealing (borough)">Ealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hounslow_(borough)" title="Hounslow (borough)">Hounslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_upon_Thames" title="Richmond upon Thames">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Thames_(borough)" title="Kingston upon Thames (borough)">Kingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merton_(borough)" title="Merton (borough)">Merton</a></li></ol> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size noresize mw-ext-imagemap-desc-bottom-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/London-boroughs.svg/512px-London-boroughs.svg.png" decoding="async" width="512" height="394" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/London-boroughs.svg/768px-London-boroughs.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/London-boroughs.svg/1024px-London-boroughs.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="394" usemap="#ImageMap_b3918cc0c18b5a6a" resource="/wiki/Bestand:London-boroughs.svg" /></span><map name="ImageMap_b3918cc0c18b5a6a"><area href="/wiki/City_of_London" shape="poly" coords="253,178,247,167,236,168,233,173,236,176,239,178,247,180" alt="1 City of London" title="1 City of London" /><area href="/wiki/City_of_Westminster" shape="poly" coords="223,199,210,199,205,184,194,189,176,164,186,161,185,155,196,151,202,153,207,151,212,166,219,166,223,173,231,173,234,176,227,182,224,191" alt="2 City of Westminster" title="2 City of Westminster" /><area href="/wiki/Kensington_and_Chelsea" shape="poly" coords="206,187,195,191,188,182,179,171,176,166,168,166,172,174,171,174,174,191,191,207,193,202,211,200" alt="3 Kensington and Chelsea" title="3 Kensington and Chelsea" /><area href="/wiki/Hammersmith_and_Fulham" shape="poly" coords="193,210,173,190,170,173,163,164,153,161,153,161,152,189,159,197,165,197,169,216,182,223,192,217" alt="4 Hammersmith and Fulham" title="4 Hammersmith and Fulham" /><area href="/wiki/Wandsworth_(borough)" shape="poly" coords="221,201,192,205,192,216,180,226,165,214,161,220,149,221,149,231,156,237,150,249,152,254,166,243,177,246,187,244,195,258,203,262,207,259,217,264,218,247,214,242,214,232,209,218,217,212,220,206" alt="5 Wandsworth" title="5 Wandsworth" /><area href="/wiki/Lambeth_(borough)" shape="poly" coords="214,271,218,261,219,244,214,239,215,229,209,216,221,211,221,199,229,180,235,176,231,192,238,195,233,196,238,215,245,218,235,232,250,260,234,260,224,271" alt="6 Lambeth" title="6 Lambeth" /><area href="/wiki/Southwark_(borough)" shape="poly" coords="270,232,270,221,266,216,266,206,262,201,276,192,275,180,266,180,259,185,248,180,237,180,233,191,238,195,234,197,239,214,247,217,236,233,250,260,256,253,256,248,261,246,261,234,265,232" alt="7 Southwark" title="7 Southwark" /><area href="/wiki/Tower_Hamlets" shape="poly" coords="299,183,298,173,291,167,290,160,283,157,285,153,284,148,275,148,271,156,258,156,252,158,255,167,248,168,254,178,249,181,258,185,266,179,275,179,277,194,289,201,293,196,292,183,294,181,296,181" alt="8 Tower Hamlets" title="8 Tower Hamlets" /><area href="/wiki/Hackney_(borough)" shape="poly" coords="284,146,282,138,274,128,265,130,258,118,240,119,237,130,250,142,247,156,240,158,248,167,253,165,250,158,258,155,270,154,275,147" alt="9 Hackney" title="9 Hackney" /><area href="/wiki/Islington" shape="poly" coords="247,140,245,155,237,158,247,166,234,168,230,163,224,152,223,145,216,137,215,122,228,119,235,126,236,131,241,132" alt="10 Islington" title="10 Islington" /><area href="/wiki/Camden_(Londen)" shape="poly" coords="224,147,214,137,214,123,192,126,178,140,171,142,185,154,196,149,203,152,207,148,213,165,221,165,224,173,232,173,233,167,230,166,228,160,224,155" alt="11 Camden" title="11 Camden" /><area href="/wiki/Brent_(Londen)" shape="poly" coords="149,111,127,104,133,112,120,109,105,119,101,139,131,164,154,159,171,166,184,160,185,157,156,121,151,125" alt="12 Brent" title="12 Brent" /><area href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Ealing" shape="poly" coords="152,161,131,165,101,140,76,142,52,159,73,165,60,195,73,195,84,202,98,192,134,188,142,194,152,194,151,171" alt="13 Ealing" title="13 Ealing" /><area href="/wiki/Hounslow_(borough)" shape="poly" coords="35,250,30,236,41,233,48,231,60,194,72,194,85,204,100,191,137,187,142,196,153,193,156,199,151,212,145,216,138,211,130,200,109,220,115,228,97,230,80,230,70,241,84,245,80,254,70,264,52,254,46,258" alt="14 Hounslow" title="14 Hounslow" /><area href="/wiki/Richmond_upon_Thames" shape="poly" coords="108,288,95,273,83,271,80,276,78,276,71,262,81,254,86,244,72,240,79,230,115,229,111,220,128,201,140,212,145,217,153,214,155,201,156,196,165,198,168,214,162,213,161,220,148,221,147,230,155,237,149,248,136,259,113,252,119,262,119,283,112,291" alt="15 Richmond" title="15 Richmond" /><area href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Thames_(borough)" shape="poly" coords="109,352,112,318,122,305,114,290,120,283,121,261,115,253,138,258,150,247,151,255,154,255,155,268,155,282,167,293,157,300,149,303,132,319,130,328,125,334,124,345" alt="16 Kingston upon Thames" title="16 Kingston upon Thames" /><area href="/wiki/Merton_(borough)" shape="poly" coords="173,299,167,294,169,291,158,284,155,253,166,243,181,248,186,245,194,259,206,264,207,261,214,264,214,273,223,272,229,286,213,293,198,289,187,294,179,292" alt="17 Merton" title="17 Merton" /><area href="/wiki/Sutton_(borough)" shape="poly" coords="169,343,175,329,164,309,157,310,157,301,166,296,173,300,178,293,186,293,202,288,217,295,223,290,225,300,231,332,219,331,213,352,206,352,199,345,187,333,176,347" alt="18 Sutton" title="18 Sutton" /><area href="/wiki/Croydon_(borough)" shape="poly" coords="299,339,297,329,285,316,281,296,246,262,235,261,224,274,229,283,223,291,232,330,220,332,214,354,208,354,208,369,218,372,229,383,241,377,252,363,254,353,268,352,269,340,286,336,289,342" alt="19 Croydon" title="19 Croydon" /><area href="/wiki/Bromley_(borough)" shape="poly" coords="393,288,388,274,380,269,375,273,370,265,357,265,341,251,338,257,329,257,319,242,311,237,305,236,319,249,321,256,312,256,300,267,291,266,279,256,263,259,256,258,250,262,284,297,285,313,299,330,311,383,316,365,323,370,333,380,353,373,348,359,354,351,371,339,366,328,378,326,389,300,386,292" alt="20 Bromley" title="20 Bromley" /><area href="/wiki/Lewisham_(borough)" shape="poly" coords="302,225,301,212,287,213,285,214,284,210,277,200,281,198,274,193,264,201,266,205,267,217,272,222,271,233,263,233,262,239,262,248,257,249,256,257,269,257,280,255,292,265,300,265,312,254,321,254,317,248,309,244,306,236,309,229" alt="21 Lewisham" title="21 Lewisham" /><area href="/wiki/Greenwich_(Londen)" shape="poly" coords="336,257,330,257,321,241,313,236,308,237,309,227,304,225,300,210,285,212,279,200,282,200,288,202,297,195,298,182,312,187,334,189,352,174,365,172,367,203,358,203,342,217,348,236" alt="22 Greenwich" title="22 Greenwich" /><area href="/wiki/Bexley_(borough)" shape="poly" coords="424,199,417,198,408,198,398,194,394,182,388,176,387,179,370,169,366,173,368,205,359,205,343,218,349,235,341,250,358,264,373,264,375,270,384,267,389,270,383,262,387,249,394,241,400,233,407,228,414,226,421,214,419,208" alt="23 Bexley" title="23 Bexley" /><area href="/wiki/Havering" shape="poly" coords="431,60,409,67,398,67,392,70,371,69,379,83,379,93,377,109,389,127,401,120,404,134,387,164,387,174,396,182,399,194,411,198,423,196,419,187,435,177,433,170,435,155,443,166,448,153,485,142,475,124,467,103,446,99,454,91,440,88,434,71,428,66" alt="24 Havering" title="24 Havering" /><area href="/wiki/Barking_and_Dagenham" shape="poly" coords="379,93,367,99,370,107,366,118,365,137,346,143,345,140,335,145,335,158,347,162,352,173,365,172,370,168,387,178,387,163,403,133,400,121,387,128,375,108" alt="25 Barking and Dagenham" title="25 Barking and Dagenham" /><area href="/wiki/Redbridge" shape="poly" coords="371,69,379,84,379,91,364,99,369,109,364,119,364,136,349,143,344,139,334,145,334,132,315,128,316,132,306,133,305,116,301,98,303,79,299,72,306,61,320,82,336,87,346,87,347,78,356,78" alt="26 Redbridge" title="26 Redbridge" /><area href="/wiki/Newham" shape="poly" coords="351,173,346,161,334,158,333,135,328,131,317,128,317,133,307,135,307,139,284,139,285,148,286,154,284,156,289,159,292,168,299,176,299,182,313,187,335,188,344,178" alt="27 Newham" title="27 Newham" /><area href="/wiki/Waltham_Forest" shape="poly" coords="306,137,304,115,300,101,303,79,296,75,305,64,307,58,299,54,290,54,283,49,280,55,279,70,272,83,273,91,264,103,260,115,265,128,275,126,283,138" alt="28 Waltham Forest" title="28 Waltham Forest" /><area href="/wiki/Haringey" shape="poly" coords="272,91,262,87,256,91,224,89,215,85,202,94,206,110,198,124,215,122,232,116,237,125,237,119,258,116,263,101" alt="29 Haringey" title="29 Haringey" /><area href="/wiki/Enfield_(Londen)" shape="poly" coords="278,56,277,65,279,69,271,81,272,88,262,85,255,89,223,87,213,84,218,64,203,37,185,31,196,17,195,1,205,9,222,7,231,14,248,14,257,18,284,19,283,48" alt="30 Enfield" title="30 Enfield" /><area href="/wiki/Barnet_(borough)" shape="poly" coords="120,57,126,55,134,52,144,57,155,23,165,48,176,34,186,33,203,39,217,67,213,86,201,93,204,111,197,124,190,125,178,140,173,140,154,116,151,122,150,109,115,65" alt="31 Barnet" title="31 Barnet" /><area href="/wiki/Harrow_(borough)" shape="poly" coords="119,58,56,88,76,141,101,138,105,117,121,108,130,111,127,105,137,93,115,67" alt="32 Harrow" title="32 Harrow" /><area href="/wiki/Hillingdon_(borough)" shape="poly" coords="2,71,23,83,35,78,56,86,74,141,51,158,71,166,42,233,6,216,9,184,6,152,18,137,0,102" alt="33 Hillingdon" title="33 Hillingdon" /></map><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <ol><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li value="18"> <a href="/wiki/Sutton_(borough)" title="Sutton (borough)">Sutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croydon_(borough)" title="Croydon (borough)">Croydon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromley_(borough)" title="Bromley (borough)">Bromley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewisham_(borough)" title="Lewisham (borough)">Lewisham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwich_(Londen)" title="Greenwich (Londen)">Greenwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bexley_(borough)" title="Bexley (borough)">Bexley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havering" title="Havering">Havering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barking_and_Dagenham" title="Barking and Dagenham">Barking and Dagenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redbridge" title="Redbridge">Redbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newham" title="Newham">Newham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waltham_Forest" title="Waltham Forest">Waltham Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haringey" title="Haringey">Haringey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enfield_(Londen)" title="Enfield (Londen)">Enfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnet_(borough)" title="Barnet (borough)">Barnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrow_(borough)" title="Harrow (borough)">Harrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillingdon_(borough)" title="Hillingdon (borough)">Hillingdon</a></li></ol> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Klimaat">Klimaat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Klimaat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&action=edit&section=9" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Klimaat"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Londen heeft een <a href="/wiki/Gematigd_klimaat" title="Gematigd klimaat">gematigd</a> <a href="/wiki/Zeeklimaat" title="Zeeklimaat">zeeklimaat</a>. Relatief gezien komen regen en sneeuw niet veel voor. Waarschijnlijk heeft dit te maken met het <a href="/wiki/Hitte-eilandeffect" title="Hitte-eilandeffect">hitte-eilandeffect</a>. Toch kent men in Londen wel sneeuwval, zoals tijdens de <a href="/wiki/Sneeuwstorm" title="Sneeuwstorm">sneeuwstorm</a> van februari 2009. </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>Weergemiddelden voor Londen </caption> <tbody><tr style="font-size:90%;"> <th>Maand </th> <th title="januari" style="width:3em">jan </th> <th title="februari" style="width:3em">feb </th> <th title="maart" style="width:3em">mrt </th> <th title="april" style="width:3em">apr </th> <th title="mei" style="width:3em">mei </th> <th title="juni" style="width:3em">jun </th> <th title="juli" style="width:3em">jul </th> <th title="augustus" style="width:3em">aug </th> <th title="september" style="width:3em">sep </th> <th title="oktober" style="width:3em">okt </th> <th title="november" style="width:3em">nov </th> <th title="december" style="width:3em">dec </th> <th style="width:4em; border-left-width:medium;">Jaar </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left; font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;">Hoogste maximum (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFC040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">15 </td> <td style="background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">19 </td> <td style="background: #FF8000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">21 </td> <td style="background: #FF2000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">29 </td> <td style="background: #FF0000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">32 </td> <td style="background: #E00000; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;">35 </td> <td style="background: #E00000; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;">35 </td> <td style="background: #C00000; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;">38 </td> <td style="background: #E00000; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;">35 </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">28 </td> <td style="background: #FF8000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">21 </td> <td style="background: #FFC040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">15 </td> <td style="background: #C00000; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;; border-left-width:medium;"><b>38</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-size:90%;">Gemiddeld maximum (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFFF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">8,1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">8,6 </td> <td style="background: #FFE060; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">11,6 </td> <td style="background: #FFC040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">14,6 </td> <td style="background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">18,1 </td> <td style="background: #FF8000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">21,0 </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">23,4 </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">23,1 </td> <td style="background: #FF8000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">20,0 </td> <td style="background: #FFC040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">15,5 </td> <td style="background: #FFE060; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">11,3 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">8,4 </td> <td style="background: #FFC040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;; border-left-width:medium;"><b>15,3 </b> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-size:90%;">Gemiddeld minimum (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFFFC0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">3,1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFC0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">2,7 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFA0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">4,6 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFA0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">5,9 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">8,9 </td> <td style="background: #FFE060; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">11,8 </td> <td style="background: #FFC040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">13,7 </td> <td style="background: #FFC040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">13,8 </td> <td style="background: #FFE060; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">11,4 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">8,8 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFA0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">5,8 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFC0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">3,4 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;; border-left-width:medium;"><b>7,8 </b> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-size:90%;">Laagste minimum (°C) </th> <td style="background: #0060FF; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;">−21,1 </td> <td style="background: #40E0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">−9 </td> <td style="background: #40E0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">−8 </td> <td style="background: #C0FFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">−2 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">−1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFA0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">5 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFA0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">7 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFA0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">6 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFC0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">3 </td> <td style="background: #C0FFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">−4 </td> <td style="background: #80FFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">−5 </td> <td style="background: #0060FF; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;">−21,1 </td> <td style="background: #0060FF; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;; border-left-width:medium;"><b>−21,1</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" height="5"> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Neerslag_(atmosfeer)" title="Neerslag (atmosfeer)">Neerslag</a> (mm) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background: #A0B4FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">41,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #B4C8FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">36,3 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #A0B4FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">40,3 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #A0B4FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">40,1 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #A0B4FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">44,9 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #A0B4FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">47,4 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #B4C8FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">34,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #8CA0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">54,3 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #8CA0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">51,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #788CFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">61,1 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #8CA0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">57,5 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #A0B4FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">48,4 </td> <th style="text-align:center; background-color: #A0B4FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%; border-left-width:medium;">557,4 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center; font-size:88%;"><i>Bron: World Metereological Organization<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> voor de extremen en metoffice.gov.uk<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> voor de gemiddelden en de neerslag</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demografie">Demografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Demografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&action=edit&section=10" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Demografie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bevolkingssamenstelling">Bevolkingssamenstelling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Bevolkingssamenstelling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&action=edit&section=11" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Bevolkingssamenstelling"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="toccolours" style="float:right;"> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <th>Land van herkomst</th> <th>Bevolking<br /><small><b>(2001)</b></small> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(3-5).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van het Verenigd Koninkrijk"><img alt="Vlag van Verenigd Koninkrijk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Verenigd_Koninkrijk_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Verenigd Koninkrijk (hoofdbetekenis)">Verenigd Koninkrijk</a></td> <td>5.230.155 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van India"><img alt="Vlag van India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/20px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/30px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/40px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td> <td>172.162 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Ireland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Ierland"><img alt="Vlag van Ierland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ierland_(land)" title="Ierland (land)">Ierland</a></td> <td>157.285 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Bangladesh"><img alt="Vlag van Bangladesh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/20px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></td> <td>84.565 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Jamaica.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Jamaica"><img alt="Vlag van Jamaica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/20px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/40px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Jamaica_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamaica (hoofdbetekenis)">Jamaica</a></td> <td>80.319 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Nigeria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Nigeria"><img alt="Vlag van Nigeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/20px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Nigeria_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nigeria (hoofdbetekenis)">Nigeria</a></td> <td>68.907 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Pakistan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Pakistan"><img alt="Vlag van Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></td> <td>66.658 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Kenya.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Kenia"><img alt="Vlag van Kenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/20px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/40px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kenia" title="Kenia">Kenia</a></td> <td>66.311 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Sri Lanka"><img alt="Vlag van Sri Lanka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/20px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/40px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></td> <td>49.932 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Ghana.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Ghana"><img alt="Vlag van Ghana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/20px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></td> <td>46,513 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Cyprus.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Cyprus"><img alt="Vlag van Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/20px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/40px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></td> <td>45.888 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_South_Africa.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Zuid-Afrika"><img alt="Vlag van Zuid-Afrika" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/20px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Zuid-Afrika" title="Zuid-Afrika">Zuid-Afrika</a></td> <td>45.506 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van de Verenigde Staten"><img alt="Vlag van Verenigde Staten" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Staten_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Verenigde Staten (hoofdbetekenis)">Verenigde Staten</a></td> <td>44.622 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Australia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Australië"><img alt="Vlag van Australië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Australi%C3%AB_(land)" title="Australië (land)">Australië</a></td> <td>41.488 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Duitsland"><img alt="Vlag van Duitsland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Duitsland_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Duitsland (hoofdbetekenis)">Duitsland</a></td> <td>39.818 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Turkey.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Turkije"><img alt="Vlag van Turkije" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/20px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/30px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/40px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Turkije" title="Turkije">Turkije</a></td> <td>39.128 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Italië"><img alt="Vlag van Italië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/20px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Italië (hoofdbetekenis)">Italië</a></td> <td>38.694 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Frankrijk"><img alt="Vlag van Frankrijk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Frankrijk_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankrijk (hoofdbetekenis)">Frankrijk</a></td> <td>38.130 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Somalia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Somalië"><img alt="Vlag van Somalië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Somali%C3%AB" title="Somalië">Somalië</a></td> <td>33.831 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Uganda.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Oeganda"><img alt="Vlag van Oeganda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/20px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/30px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/40px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Oeganda" title="Oeganda">Oeganda</a></td> <td>32.082 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Nieuw-Zeeland"><img alt="Vlag van Nieuw-Zeeland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/20px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/30px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/40px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Nieuw-Zeeland" title="Nieuw-Zeeland">Nieuw-Zeeland</a></td> <td>27.494 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In een grote stad als Londen is de bevolkingssamenstelling zeer divers. In de stad wonen meer dan 100 verschillende <a href="/wiki/Nationaliteit" title="Nationaliteit">nationaliteiten</a> en er worden meer dan 300 talen gesproken.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Van alle inwoners van Londen is 32% buiten het Verenigd Koninkrijk geboren, van de inwoners van Inner London zelfs 39%. 69,4 procent van de 7,5 miljoen inwoners zijn blank. De grootste groep immigranten in Londen zijn <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indiërs</a> (6,5%), gevolgd door <a href="/wiki/Bengalen_(volk)" title="Bengalen (volk)">Bengalen</a> en <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistanen</a> (beide 2,3%).<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In de tabel van de bevolking naar het land van herkomst is te zien dat veel <a href="/wiki/Etniciteit" title="Etniciteit">etnische</a> groepen afkomstig zijn uit het voormalige <a href="/wiki/Britse_Rijk" title="Britse Rijk">Britse Rijk</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ontwikkeling_van_het_inwonertal">Ontwikkeling van het inwonertal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Ontwikkeling van het inwonertal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&action=edit&section=12" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Ontwikkeling van het inwonertal"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Uit de tabel, die de ontwikkeling van de bevolking aangeeft, valt op te maken dat het inwonertal sinds <a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a> is afgenomen. De laatste jaren neemt het inwonertal weer toe. </p> <table border="1" align="left" cellpadding="3px" style="margin:7px; border: 1px solid #999; background-color:#FFFFFF;border-collapse:collapse; font-size:90%;"> <caption><b>Bevolkingsontwikkeling</b><sup id="cite_ref-bevolking_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bevolking-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"> <table> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">Jaar </th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Inwoners </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/500" title="500">500</a></td> <td align="right"><5000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1066" title="1066">1066</a></td> <td align="right">5000-40.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1300" title="1300">1300</a></td> <td align="right">50.000-100.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1600" title="1600">1600</a></td> <td align="right">200.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1650" title="1650">1650</a></td> <td align="right">350.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1700" title="1700">1700</a></td> <td align="right">700.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1801" title="1801">1801</a></td> <td align="right">958.863 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1821" title="1821">1821</a></td> <td align="right">1.378.947 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1861" title="1861">1861</a></td> <td align="right">2.803.989 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1881" title="1881">1881</a></td> <td align="right">4.776.661* </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1891" title="1891">1891</a></td> <td align="right">5.633.332 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1899" title="1899">1899</a></td> <td align="right">6.528.434 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a></td> <td align="right">8.615.245 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1951" title="1951">1951</a></td> <td align="right">8.196.978 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td valign="top"> <table> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">Jaar </th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Inwoners </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1961" title="1961">1961</a></td> <td align="right">7.992.616 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1971" title="1971">1971</a></td> <td align="right">7.452.520 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1981" title="1981">1981</a></td> <td align="right">6.805.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a></td> <td align="right">6.829.300 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a></td> <td align="right">7.322.400 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a></td> <td align="right">7.361.600 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a></td> <td align="right">7.364.100 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a></td> <td align="right">7.389.100 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a></td> <td align="right">7.456.100 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a></td> <td align="right">7.512.400 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a></td> <td align="right">7.556.900 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <th> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Population_greater-london_graph.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Population_greater-london_graph.gif" decoding="async" width="400" height="339" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="372" data-file-height="315" /></a></span> </p> </th></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <p><b>*</b> <small>Vanaf 1881 geldt het inwonertal voor Groot-Londen.</small> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religie">Religie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Religie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&action=edit&section=13" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Religie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Westminster_Abbey_West_Door.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Westminster_Abbey_West_Door.jpg/260px-Westminster_Abbey_West_Door.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Westminster_Abbey_West_Door.jpg/390px-Westminster_Abbey_West_Door.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Westminster_Abbey_West_Door.jpg/520px-Westminster_Abbey_West_Door.jpg 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a></figcaption></figure> <p>58,2% van de Londenaren noemt zichzelf <a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">christen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Religion_in_London_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Religion_in_London-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 15,8% van de Londenaren zegt dat ze niet gelovig zijn. Andere grote religieuze groeperingen in Londen zijn <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">moslims</a> (8,5%), <a href="/wiki/Hindoe%C3%AFsme" title="Hindoeïsme">hindoes</a> (4,1%), <a href="/wiki/Jodendom" title="Jodendom">joden</a> (2,1%), <a href="/wiki/Sikh" title="Sikh">sikhs</a> (1,5%), <a href="/wiki/Boeddhisme" title="Boeddhisme">boeddhisten</a> (0,8%), <a href="/wiki/Heidendom" title="Heidendom">paganisten</a> (0,3%) en overige (0,2%).<sup id="cite_ref-Religion_in_London_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Religion_in_London-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 8,7% heeft bij de <a href="/wiki/Volkstelling" title="Volkstelling">volkstelling</a> van <a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a> geen antwoord gegeven op de vraag welk geloof zij aanhangen.<sup id="cite_ref-Religion_in_London_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Religion_in_London-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Baitul_Futuh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Baitul_Futuh.jpg/260px-Baitul_Futuh.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Baitul_Futuh.jpg/390px-Baitul_Futuh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Baitul_Futuh.jpg/520px-Baitul_Futuh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>De <a href="/wiki/Bait-ul-Futuh" title="Bait-ul-Futuh">Bait-ul-Futuh</a>-moskee</figcaption></figure> <p>In Londen staat een groot aantal kerken, waarvan enkele wereldberoemd zijn. Zo worden de koningen van Engeland allen gekroond in <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a>. Koning <a href="/wiki/Harold_II_van_Engeland" title="Harold II van Engeland">Harold II</a> Godwinson was in <a href="/wiki/1066" title="1066">1066</a> de eerste vorst die er werd gekroond. Op de eerste kerstdag van datzelfde jaar werd <a href="/wiki/Willem_de_Veroveraar" title="Willem de Veroveraar">Willem de Veroveraar</a> hier al gekroond als zijn opvolger. Ook alle daaropvolgende Engelse vorsten werden hier gekroond, behalve <a href="/wiki/Eduard_V_van_Engeland" title="Eduard V van Engeland">Eduard V</a> en <a href="/wiki/Eduard_VIII_van_het_Verenigd_Koninkrijk" class="mw-redirect" title="Eduard VIII van het Verenigd Koninkrijk">Eduard VIII</a>, die niet werden gekroond.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De <a href="/wiki/Aartsbisschop_van_Canterbury" title="Aartsbisschop van Canterbury">aartsbisschop van Canterbury</a> leidt traditioneel deze ceremonie, hoewel Harold en Willem werden gekroond door de <a href="/wiki/Aartsbisschop_van_York" title="Aartsbisschop van York">aartsbisschop van York</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral_(Londen)" title="St Paul's Cathedral (Londen)">St Paul's Cathedral</a> is de grootste kerk van de stad. De kerk is de zetel van de bisschop van Londen. In deze kerk vond het huwelijk plaats tussen (destijds) kroonprins <a href="/wiki/Charles_III_van_het_Verenigd_Koninkrijk" title="Charles III van het Verenigd Koninkrijk">Charles</a> en lady <a href="/wiki/Diana_Spencer" title="Diana Spencer">Diana Spencer</a>. Andere bekende kerken in Londen zijn <a href="/wiki/All_Hallows-by-the-Tower" title="All Hallows-by-the-Tower">All Hallows-by-the-Tower</a>, All Souls, Brompton Oratory, <a href="/wiki/Kathedraal_van_Southwark" title="Kathedraal van Southwark">Southwark Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_Martin-in-the-Fields" title="St Martin-in-the-Fields">St Martin-in-the-Fields</a>, Temple Church, <a href="/wiki/Kathedraal_van_Westminster" title="Kathedraal van Westminster">Westminster Cathedral</a>, St Paul's Covent Garden en St Mary-le-Strand. Zie ook de <a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_kerken_in_Londen" title="Lijst van kerken in Londen">lijst van kerken in Londen</a>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Tower_Hamlets" title="Tower Hamlets">Tower Hamlets</a> en <a href="/wiki/Newham" title="Newham">Newham</a> wonen veel moslims. De belangrijkste moskeeën zijn de London Central Mosque en de <a href="/wiki/Bait-ul-Futuh" title="Bait-ul-Futuh">Bait-ul-Futuh</a>-moskee. Hindoes wonen vooral in <a href="/wiki/Harrow_(borough)" title="Harrow (borough)">Harrow</a> en <a href="/wiki/Brent_(Londen)" title="Brent (Londen)">Brent</a>, terwijl de Sikhgemeenschappen vooral in Oost- en West-Londen wonen. </p> <div style="clear:left;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bestuur">Bestuur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Bestuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&action=edit&section=14" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Bestuur"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lokale_overheid">Lokale overheid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Lokale overheid" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&action=edit&section=15" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Lokale overheid"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:City.hall.london.arp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/City.hall.london.arp.jpg/330px-City.hall.london.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/City.hall.london.arp.jpg/500px-City.hall.london.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/City.hall.london.arp.jpg/960px-City.hall.london.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2125" data-file-height="1524" /></a><figcaption>City Hall, het voormalige stadhuis van Londen (in gebruik tot eind 2021), gelegen aan de Theems</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Sunset_on_The_Shard_%26_City_Hall_across_Thames_river_in_London.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Sunset_on_The_Shard_%26_City_Hall_across_Thames_river_in_London.jpg/260px-Sunset_on_The_Shard_%26_City_Hall_across_Thames_river_in_London.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Sunset_on_The_Shard_%26_City_Hall_across_Thames_river_in_London.jpg/390px-Sunset_on_The_Shard_%26_City_Hall_across_Thames_river_in_London.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Sunset_on_The_Shard_%26_City_Hall_across_Thames_river_in_London.jpg/520px-Sunset_on_The_Shard_%26_City_Hall_across_Thames_river_in_London.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5843" data-file-height="5563" /></a><figcaption>City Hall en The Shard, Europa's hoogste wolkenkrabber</figcaption></figure> <p>Het lokale bestuur van Londen is opgedeeld in twee niveaus. Het hoogste niveau wordt gevormd door de Greater London Authority (GLA), dat zelf ook weer bestaat uit twee, gekozen, onderdelen: de <a href="/wiki/Burgemeester_van_Londen" title="Burgemeester van Londen">burgemeester van Londen</a>, die de <a href="/wiki/Uitvoerende_macht" title="Uitvoerende macht">uitvoerende macht</a> in handen heeft, en de <a href="/wiki/London_Assembly" title="London Assembly">London Assembly</a>, die het beleid van de burgemeester kan onderzoeken en zijn begrotingsvoorstellen kan goedkeuren of afwijzen. Beide onderdelen hebben de moderne City Hall langs de Theems als hoofdkantoor, tot eind 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sindsdien is de GLA in Newham gezeteld. Het huidige systeem bestaat pas sinds 2000; voor dat jaar werd de overheid gevormd door de in 1986 afgeschafte Greater London Council. Hierdoor bestaat de titel van burgemeester van Londen pas sinds 2000. Bij de verkiezingen voor het burgemeesterschap van Londen op 5 mei 2016 werd <a href="/wiki/Sadiq_Khan" title="Sadiq Khan">Sadiq Khan</a> van de <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Verenigd_Koninkrijk)" title="Labour Party (Verenigd Koninkrijk)">Labour Party</a> verkozen tot burgemeester van Londen. Hij volgt hiermee <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(Verenigd_Koninkrijk)" title="Conservative Party (Verenigd Koninkrijk)">conservatief</a> <a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a> op die op zijn beurt in 2008 <a href="/wiki/Ken_Livingstone" title="Ken Livingstone">Ken Livingstone</a> na twee termijnen opvolgde. </p><p>Het lagere niveau van het Londense lokale bestuur wordt gevormd door 33 plaatselijke overheden: de raden van de 32 Londense <a href="/wiki/Borough" title="Borough">boroughs</a>, en de City of London Corporation.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De City heeft een eigen burgemeester, ook wel de Lord Mayor (of the City of London) genoemd.<sup id="cite_ref-Policing_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Policing-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deze 33 plaatselijke overheden hebben de verantwoordelijkheid over lokale zaken als onderwijs, sociale voorzieningen, afvalinzameling en de lokale infrastructuur. </p><p>De Metropolitan Police Service is verantwoordelijk voor de veiligheid in Groot-Londen, uitgezonderd voor de <a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of Londen</a>, en staat onder toezicht van de Metropolitan Police Authority. De City heeft een eigen <a href="/wiki/Politie" title="Politie">politie</a>, de City of London Police. Voor de veiligheid in de <a href="/wiki/National_Rail" title="National Rail">National Rail</a> en de <a href="/wiki/Metro_van_Londen" title="Metro van Londen">Underground</a>, de metro van Londen, wordt gezorgd door de British Transport Police. De London Fire Brigade, de <a href="/wiki/Brandweer" title="Brandweer">brandweer</a> in Londen, is actief in heel Groot-Londen, inclusief de City, en behoort tot de grootste <a href="/wiki/Brandweerkorps" title="Brandweerkorps">brandweerkorpsen</a> ter wereld.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De <a href="/wiki/Ambulance" title="Ambulance">ambulancedienst</a> van Londen is de London Ambulance Service NHS Trust.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her Majesty's Coastguard en de Royal National Lifeboat Institution zijn beide actief als reddingdienst op de Theems. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nationale_overheid">Nationale overheid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Nationale overheid" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&action=edit&section=16" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Nationale overheid"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Londen heeft, als hoofdstad van het Verenigd Koninkrijk, een belangrijke functie in het nationale bestuur. Het <a href="/wiki/Parlement_van_het_Verenigd_Koninkrijk" title="Parlement van het Verenigd Koninkrijk">Britse parlement</a> zetelt in het <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Westminster" title="Palace of Westminster">Palace of Westminster</a>, beter bekend onder de naam Houses of Parliament. In de omgeving van het Palace of Westminster, met name aan de straat <a href="/wiki/Whitehall_(Londen)" title="Whitehall (Londen)">Whitehall</a>, ligt nog een aantal andere belangrijke overheidsgebouwen, waaronder het hoofdkantoor van het <a href="/wiki/Ministerie_van_Defensie_(Verenigd_Koninkrijk)" title="Ministerie van Defensie (Verenigd Koninkrijk)">Ministerie van Defensie</a>, het Ministerie van Gezondheid en het Ministerie van Werk en Pensioenen. De ambtswoning van de Britse <a href="/wiki/Premier_(regeringsleider)" title="Premier (regeringsleider)">premier</a> bevindt zich aan <a href="/wiki/10_Downing_Street" title="10 Downing Street">10 Downing Street</a>, een zijstraat van Whitehall. Dit adres heeft de status van eigennaam verworven. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stadsbeeld">Stadsbeeld</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Stadsbeeld" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&action=edit&section=17" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Stadsbeeld"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb" style="margin-top:1em;"><div class="thumbinner" style="max-width:1800px; margin:0 auto;"><div class="noresize" style="overflow-x:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:London_360_from_St_Paul%27s_Cathedral_-_Sept_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Uitzicht over hedendaags Londen vanaf de St. Paul's Cathedral"><img alt="Uitzicht over hedendaags Londen vanaf de St. Paul's Cathedral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/London_360_from_St_Paul%27s_Cathedral_-_Sept_2007.jpg/1800px-London_360_from_St_Paul%27s_Cathedral_-_Sept_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="1800" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/London_360_from_St_Paul%27s_Cathedral_-_Sept_2007.jpg/2700px-London_360_from_St_Paul%27s_Cathedral_-_Sept_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/London_360_from_St_Paul%27s_Cathedral_-_Sept_2007.jpg/3600px-London_360_from_St_Paul%27s_Cathedral_-_Sept_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="17458" data-file-height="2904" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center;">Uitzicht over hedendaags Londen vanaf de St. Paul's Cathedral</div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Canary_Wharf_1_Canada_Square.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Canary_Wharf_1_Canada_Square.png/260px-Canary_Wharf_1_Canada_Square.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="406" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Canary_Wharf_1_Canada_Square.png/390px-Canary_Wharf_1_Canada_Square.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Canary_Wharf_1_Canada_Square.png/520px-Canary_Wharf_1_Canada_Square.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/One_Canada_Square" title="One Canada Square">One Canada Square</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Kew_Gardens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Kew_Gardens.jpg/260px-Kew_Gardens.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Kew_Gardens.jpg/390px-Kew_Gardens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Kew_Gardens.jpg/520px-Kew_Gardens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="819" data-file-height="614" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kew_Gardens" title="Kew Gardens">Kew Gardens</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Piccadilly.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Piccadilly.jpg/330px-Piccadilly.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="340" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Piccadilly.jpg/500px-Piccadilly.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Piccadilly.jpg/960px-Piccadilly.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1570" /></a><figcaption>De Eros-fontein</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:London_Eye_Jan_2006-edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/London_Eye_Jan_2006-edit.jpg/260px-London_Eye_Jan_2006-edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/London_Eye_Jan_2006-edit.jpg/390px-London_Eye_Jan_2006-edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/London_Eye_Jan_2006-edit.jpg/520px-London_Eye_Jan_2006-edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3066" data-file-height="1926" /></a><figcaption>Het <a href="/wiki/London_Eye" title="London Eye">London Eye</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Buckinghampalace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Buckinghampalace.jpg/260px-Buckinghampalace.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Buckinghampalace.jpg/390px-Buckinghampalace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Buckinghampalace.jpg/520px-Buckinghampalace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Buckingham_Palace" title="Buckingham Palace">Buckingham Palace</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Trafalgar_Square,_London_2_-_Jun_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Trafalgar_Square%2C_London_2_-_Jun_2009.jpg/260px-Trafalgar_Square%2C_London_2_-_Jun_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Trafalgar_Square%2C_London_2_-_Jun_2009.jpg/390px-Trafalgar_Square%2C_London_2_-_Jun_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Trafalgar_Square%2C_London_2_-_Jun_2009.jpg/520px-Trafalgar_Square%2C_London_2_-_Jun_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4161" data-file-height="2754" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_(Londen)" title="National Gallery (Londen)">National Gallery</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architectuur">Architectuur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Architectuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&action=edit&section=18" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Architectuur"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Londen heeft niet een <a href="/wiki/Architectuur" title="Architectuur">architectonische</a> stijl die kenmerkend voor de stad is. Wel zijn er een aantal architecten die een stempel op de stad hebben weten te drukken. </p><p>Veel van de gebouwen in het huidige Londen zijn van na de Grote Brand. Toch zijn er nog wel gebouwen, of resten daarvan, van voor die tijd. Zo zijn er nog stukken <a href="/wiki/Romeinse_Rijk" title="Romeinse Rijk">Romeinse</a> stadsmuur bewaard gebleven. <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a> en de <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London_(gebouw)" title="Tower of London (gebouw)">Tower of London</a> zijn ook overblijfselen van voor de Grote Brand. </p><p>De koninklijke bouwmeester <a href="/wiki/Inigo_Jones" title="Inigo Jones">Inigo Jones</a> introduceerde het <a href="/wiki/Palladianisme" title="Palladianisme">palladianisme</a> in de stad. De bekendste gebouwen die hij ontwierp, zijn het <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_House" title="Queen's House">Queen's House</a> in <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_(Londen)" title="Greenwich (Londen)">Greenwich</a> uit <a href="/wiki/1616" title="1616">1616</a> (zijn vroegste nog bestaande werk), en de Banqueting Hall in het <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Whitehall" title="Palace of Whitehall">Palace of Whitehall</a> uit <a href="/wiki/1622" title="1622">1622</a>. </p><p>Na de Grote Brand schiep <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Wren" title="Christopher Wren">Christopher Wren</a> met de wederopbouw van <a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral_(Londen)" title="St Paul's Cathedral (Londen)">St. Paul's Cathedral</a> een monument. Behalve deze kathedraal bouwde hij nog 50 andere kerken in de stad, waarvan er omstreeks 2010 nog 23 bestaan. Ook maakte hij het monument ter herdenking van de brand, eenvoudigweg '<a href="/wiki/Monument_(Londen)" title="Monument (Londen)">The Monument</a>' geheten. Hij voerde enkele verbouwingen uit aan het Palace of Whitehall alvorens het complex afbrandde in <a href="/wiki/1698" title="1698">1698</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/John_Nash_(architect)" title="John Nash (architect)">John Nash</a> heeft een belangrijke architectonische bijdrage geleverd tijdens de <a href="/wiki/Regency" title="Regency">Regencyperiode</a>. Nash heeft onder andere <a href="/wiki/Regent_Street" title="Regent Street">Regent Street</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trafalgar_Square" title="Trafalgar Square">Trafalgar Square</a> en het <a href="/wiki/Regent%27s_Park" title="Regent's Park">Regent's Park</a> ontworpen. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Postmodernisme_(architectuur)" title="Postmodernisme (architectuur)">Postmodernistische</a> <a href="/wiki/Wolkenkrabber" title="Wolkenkrabber">wolkenkrabbers</a> domineren de City en Canary Wharf. <a href="/wiki/Norman_Foster_(architect)" title="Norman Foster (architect)">Norman Foster's</a> <a href="/wiki/30_St_Mary_Axe" title="30 St Mary Axe">30 St Mary Axe</a> is een markant kantoorgebouw in de City. Londen heeft 35 wolkenkrabbers die hoger dan 100 meter zijn.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De <a href="/wiki/One_Canada_Square" title="One Canada Square">One Canada Square</a> (235 meter) was tot eind 2011 het hoogste gebouw van de stad, maar werd van zijn troon gestoten door <a href="/wiki/The_Shard" title="The Shard">The Shard</a> (310 meter) die werd geopend op 5 juli 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Andere hoge gebouwen in de stad zijn <a href="/wiki/8_Canada_Square" title="8 Canada Square">8 Canada Square</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tower_42" title="Tower 42">Tower 42</a> en <a href="/wiki/Citigroup_Centre" title="Citigroup Centre">Citigroup Centre</a>, de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heron_Tower&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heron Tower (de pagina bestaat niet)">Heron Tower</a> en de <a href="/wiki/Bishopsgate_Tower" title="Bishopsgate Tower">Bishopsgate Tower</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parken">Parken</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Parken" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&action=edit&section=19" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Parken"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Londen is een stad met veel groene longen. Er zijn meer dan honderd parken, waarvan acht <a href="/wiki/Koninklijke_Parken_van_Londen" title="Koninklijke Parken van Londen">koninklijke</a>. Elke buurt heeft wel een <a href="/wiki/Park" title="Park">park</a>. Ze variëren van klein tot zeer groot en van wild tot gecultiveerd. De grote parken worden zorgvuldig onderhouden. Het bekendste park is <a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park_(Londen)" title="Hyde Park (Londen)">Hyde Park</a>. Hier worden grote evenementen als <a href="/wiki/Live_8" title="Live 8">Live 8 2005</a> en het buitengedeelte van de <a href="/wiki/Last_Night_of_the_Proms" title="Last Night of the Proms">Last Night of the Proms</a> georganiseerd. Belangrijke bezienswaardigheden in het park zijn <a href="/wiki/Speakers%27_Corner" title="Speakers' Corner">Speakers' Corner</a> en de <a href="/wiki/Prinses_Diana-herdenkingsfontein" title="Prinses Diana-herdenkingsfontein">Prinses Diana-herdenkingsfontein</a>. De koninklijke parken zijn Hyde Park, <a href="/wiki/Bushy_Park" title="Bushy Park">Bushy Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Green_Park_(park)" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Park (park)">Green Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Park" title="Greenwich Park">Greenwich Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kensington_Gardens" title="Kensington Gardens">Kensington Gardens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regent%27s_Park" title="Regent's Park">Regent's Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richmond_Park" title="Richmond Park">Richmond Park</a> en <a href="/wiki/St._James%27s_Park" title="St. James's Park">St. James's Park</a>. Andere bekende parken zijn <a href="/wiki/Holland_Park_(Londen)" title="Holland Park (Londen)">Holland Park</a>, Alexandra Park, <a href="/wiki/Battersea_Park" title="Battersea Park">Battersea Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hampstead_Heath" title="Hampstead Heath">Hampstead Heath</a> en <a href="/wiki/Kew_Gardens" title="Kew Gardens">Kew Gardens</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pleinen">Pleinen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Pleinen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&action=edit&section=20" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Pleinen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Londen heeft een groot aantal pleinen, waarvan <a href="/wiki/Piccadilly_Circus" title="Piccadilly Circus">Piccadilly Circus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trafalgar_Square" title="Trafalgar Square">Trafalgar Square</a> en <a href="/wiki/Leicester_Square" title="Leicester Square">Leicester Square</a> de bekendste zijn. Piccadilly Circus is een verkeersknooppunt, ontmoetingspunt en toeristische attractie. Het plein staat bekend om zijn lichtreclames en de fontein met het beeldje van <a href="/wiki/Anteros_(Griekse_God)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anteros (Griekse God)">Anteros</a>, wiens uitbeelding vaak verward wordt met Anteros' tweelingbroer <a href="/wiki/Eros_(god)" title="Eros (god)">Eros</a>. </p><p>Trafalgar Square is genoemd naar de <a href="/wiki/Zeeslag_bij_Trafalgar" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeeslag bij Trafalgar">zeeslag bij Trafalgar</a>. Op het midden van het plein staat <a href="/wiki/Nelson%27s_Column" title="Nelson's Column">Nelson's Column</a>. Deze zuil is ongeveer 54 meter hoog terwijl het beeld van Nelson zelf maar 5,5 meter hoog is. Onder aan de Column zijn vier bronzen reliëfs bevestigd. Deze beelden vier van admiraal Nelsons zeeslagen uit. Verder bevinden zich er de kerk <a href="/wiki/St._Martin-in-the-Fields" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Martin-in-the-Fields">St. Martin-in-the-Fields</a> en de <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_(Londen)" title="National Gallery (Londen)">National Gallery</a>. </p><p>Leicester Square ligt in de uitgaanswijk <a href="/wiki/West_End_(Londen)" title="West End (Londen)">West End</a> en is alleen toegankelijk voor voetgangers. Op het plein staan beelden van onder meer <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a> en <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Reynolds" title="Joshua Reynolds">Joshua Reynolds</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultuur">Cultuur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Cultuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&action=edit&section=21" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Cultuur"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bezienswaardigheden">Bezienswaardigheden</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Bezienswaardigheden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&action=edit&section=22" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Bezienswaardigheden"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Houses.of.parliament.overall.arp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Houses.of.parliament.overall.arp.jpg/200px-Houses.of.parliament.overall.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Houses.of.parliament.overall.arp.jpg/300px-Houses.of.parliament.overall.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Houses.of.parliament.overall.arp.jpg/400px-Houses.of.parliament.overall.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1351" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Westminster" title="Palace of Westminster">Houses of Parliament</a> met de <a href="/wiki/Big_Ben" title="Big Ben">Big Ben</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In Londen staan veel voorname gebouwen. Een icoon voor Londen is de klokkentoren van de <a href="/wiki/Big_Ben" title="Big Ben">Big Ben</a>, onderdeel van het <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Westminster" title="Palace of Westminster">Palace of Westminster</a>, ook wel bekend als Houses of Parliament. </p><p>Een historische plek is de <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London_(gebouw)" title="Tower of London (gebouw)">Tower of London</a>, die ondanks zijn naam geen toren is maar een grote vesting, waarvan de oudste delen stammen uit de elfde eeuw, niet lang na de Normandische invasie. In de geschiedenis fungeerde het bouwwerk onder meer als koninklijk paleis, maar ook als gevangenis waar tegenstanders van de kroon werden vastgehouden. Anno 2020 is het een museum, waar onder meer de Britse <a href="/wiki/Kroonjuwelen" title="Kroonjuwelen">kroonjuwelen</a> te bezichtigen zijn. <a href="/wiki/Tower_Bridge" title="Tower Bridge">Tower Bridge</a> ligt naast de Tower of London, waaraan de brug ook zijn naam dankt. Dagelijks passeren meer dan 40.000 voetgangers en voertuigen deze brug.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tower Bridge is een van Londens grootste toeristenattracties. </p><p>Het paleis <a href="/wiki/Buckingham_Palace" title="Buckingham Palace">Buckingham Palace</a> is de Londense residentie van <a href="/wiki/Charles_III_van_het_Verenigd_Koninkrijk" title="Charles III van het Verenigd Koninkrijk">koning Charles III</a> en zijn echtgenote <a href="/wiki/Camilla_Parker_Bowles" title="Camilla Parker Bowles">Camilla Parker Bowles</a>. In de stad en de nabije omgeving bevindt zich nog een aantal andere (voormalige) koninklijke residenties, zoals <a href="/wiki/Frogmore" title="Frogmore">Frogmore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hampton_Court_Palace" title="Hampton Court Palace">Hampton Court Palace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kensington_Palace" title="Kensington Palace">Kensington Palace</a> en <a href="/wiki/Windsor_Castle" title="Windsor Castle">Windsor Castle</a>. </p><p>Het reuzenrad <a href="/wiki/London_Eye" title="London Eye">London Eye</a> en <a href="/wiki/The_O2_(Londen)" title="The O2 (Londen)">The O<sub>2</sub></a> (voorheen Millennium Dome) behoren tot de nieuwste attracties van de stad. Het eerste biedt vanaf maximaal 135 meter een panoramisch uitzicht over de stad, het tweede is een groot evenementencomplex, waar onder andere popconcerten worden gegeven. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Musea_en_galerieën"><span id="Musea_en_galerie.C3.ABn"></span>Musea en galerieën</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Musea en galerieën" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&action=edit&section=23" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Musea en galerieën"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England_Museum" title="Bank of England Museum">Bank of England Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_War_Museum" title="Imperial War Museum">Imperial War Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leighton_House_Museum" title="Leighton House Museum">Leighton House Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Transport_Museum" title="London Transport Museum">London Transport Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madame_Tussauds_(Londen)" class="mw-redirect" title="Madame Tussauds (Londen)">Madame Tussauds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_(Londen)" title="National Gallery (Londen)">National Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery" title="National Portrait Gallery">National Portrait Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_History_Museum" title="Natural History Museum">Natural History Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saatchi_Gallery" title="Saatchi Gallery">Saatchi Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_Museum" title="Science Museum">Science Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_Museum" title="Sherlock Holmes Museum">Sherlock Holmes Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Soane%27s_Museum" title="Sir John Soane's Museum">Sir John Soane's Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=18_Stafford_Terrace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="18 Stafford Terrace (de pagina bestaat niet)">18 Stafford Terrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tate_Britain" title="Tate Britain">Tate Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tate_Modern" title="Tate Modern">Tate Modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">Victoria and Albert Museum</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Sport" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&action=edit&section=24" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Sport"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Wembley_Stadium,_illuminated.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Wembley_Stadium%2C_illuminated.jpg/200px-Wembley_Stadium%2C_illuminated.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Wembley_Stadium%2C_illuminated.jpg/300px-Wembley_Stadium%2C_illuminated.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Wembley_Stadium%2C_illuminated.jpg/400px-Wembley_Stadium%2C_illuminated.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="428" /></a><figcaption>Het <a href="/wiki/Wembley_Stadium" title="Wembley Stadium">Wembley Stadium</a> is het grootste overdekte voetbalstadion in Europa</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Olympische_Zomerspelen_1908" title="Olympische Zomerspelen 1908">1908</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olympische_Zomerspelen_1948" title="Olympische Zomerspelen 1948">1948</a> en <a href="/wiki/Olympische_Zomerspelen_2012" title="Olympische Zomerspelen 2012">2012</a> organiseerde Londen de <a href="/wiki/Olympische_Zomerspelen" title="Olympische Zomerspelen">Olympische Zomerspelen</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Andere grote evenementen in Londen zijn het tennistoernooi <a href="/wiki/Wimbledon_(tennistoernooi)" title="Wimbledon (tennistoernooi)">Wimbledon</a> en de <a href="/wiki/Marathon_van_Londen" title="Marathon van Londen">Marathon van Londen</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Ronde_van_Frankrijk_2007" title="Ronde van Frankrijk 2007">2007</a> ging de <a href="/wiki/Ronde_van_Frankrijk" title="Ronde van Frankrijk">Ronde van Frankrijk</a> in Londen van start. </p><p>De populairste sport in Londen is <a href="/wiki/Voetbal" title="Voetbal">voetbal</a>, zowel wat betreft beoefenaars als toeschouwers. Er zijn twaalf Londense voetbalclubs die uitkomen in de <a href="/wiki/Football_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Football League">Football League</a>, waarvan er zes in de <a href="/wiki/Premier_League" title="Premier League">Premier League</a> spelen: <a href="/wiki/Arsenal_FC" title="Arsenal FC">Arsenal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chelsea_FC" title="Chelsea FC">Chelsea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fulham_FC" title="Fulham FC">Fulham</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Ham_United_FC" title="West Ham United FC">West Ham United</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tottenham_Hotspur_FC" title="Tottenham Hotspur FC">Tottenham Hotspur</a> en <a href="/wiki/Crystal_Palace_FC" title="Crystal Palace FC">Crystal Palace FC</a>. Er zijn dan ook heel wat voetbalstadions te vinden in en rond Londen. Het moderne <a href="/wiki/Wembley_Stadium" title="Wembley Stadium">Wembleystadion</a> is met een capaciteit van 90.000 personen het grootste overdekte voetbalstadion in Europa. Het stadion werd in 2007 in gebruik genomen en verving het vorige stadion dat geopend werd in 1923. Wembley is onder andere de thuishaven van het <a href="/wiki/Engels_voetbalelftal_(mannen)" title="Engels voetbalelftal (mannen)">Engelse nationale voetbalelftal</a>. Ook worden de finales van de <a href="/wiki/FA_Cup" title="FA Cup">FA Cup</a>, de <a href="/wiki/League_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="League Cup">League Cup</a>, en de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Challenge_Cup_(rugby)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Challenge Cup (rugby) (de pagina bestaat niet)">Challenge Cup</a>, een Europese <a href="/wiki/Rugby_League" title="Rugby League">Rugby Leaguecompetitie</a>, afgewerkt in het stadion. Het op een na grootste stadion van Engeland staat eveneens in Londen: het <a href="/wiki/Twickenham_Stadium" title="Twickenham Stadium">Twickenham Stadium</a> heeft een capaciteit van 82.000 en is het thuisstadion van het nationale <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">Rugby union</a>-team. </p><p>Hieronder een overzicht van de Londense clubs die ooit in de Premier League speelden en in welke jaren tot seizoen 2019/20. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="200">Club </th> <th>/123 </th> <th>Periode (1888-2022) </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Arsenal_FC" title="Arsenal FC">Arsenal FC</a></b></td> <td>105</td> <td>1904-1913, 1919-.... </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Chelsea_FC" title="Chelsea FC">Chelsea FC</a></b></td> <td>87</td> <td>1907-1910, 1912-1924, 1930-1962, 1963-1975, 1977-1979, 1984-1988, 1989-.... </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Tottenham_Hotspur_FC" title="Tottenham Hotspur FC">Tottenham Hotspur FC</a></b></td> <td>87</td> <td>1909-1915, 1920-1928, 1933-1935, 1950-1977, 1978-.... </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/West_Ham_United_FC" title="West Ham United FC">West Ham United FC</a></b></td> <td>63</td> <td>1923-1932, 1958-1978, 1981-1989, 1991-1992, 1993-2003, 2005-2011, 2012-.... </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fulham_FC" title="Fulham FC">Fulham FC</a></td> <td>27</td> <td>1949-1952, 1959-1968, 2001-2014, 2018-2019, 2020-.... </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Charlton_Athletic_FC" title="Charlton Athletic FC">Charlton Athletic FC</a></td> <td>26</td> <td>1936-1957, 1986-1990, 1998-1999, 2000-2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Queens_Park_Rangers_FC" title="Queens Park Rangers FC">Queens Park Rangers FC</a></td> <td>23</td> <td>1968-1969, 1973-1979, 1983-1996, 2011-2013, 2014-2015 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Palace_FC" title="Crystal Palace FC">Crystal Palace FC</a></b></td> <td>22</td> <td>1969-1973, 1979-1981, 1989-1993, 1994-1995, 1997-1998, 2004-2005, 2013-.... </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wimbledon_FC" title="Wimbledon FC">Wimbledon FC</a></td> <td>14</td> <td>1986-2000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Brentford_FC" title="Brentford FC">Brentford FC</a> </b></td> <td>6</td> <td>1935-1939, 1946-1947, 2021-.... </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Millwall_FC" title="Millwall FC">Millwall FC</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>1988-1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Leyton_Orient" class="mw-redirect" title="Leyton Orient">Leyton Orient</a></td> <td>1</td> <td>1962-1963 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theater_en_muziek">Theater en muziek</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Theater en muziek" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&action=edit&section=25" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Theater en muziek"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Royal_Albert_Hall,_London.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Royal_Albert_Hall%2C_London.jpg/260px-Royal_Albert_Hall%2C_London.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Royal_Albert_Hall%2C_London.jpg/390px-Royal_Albert_Hall%2C_London.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Royal_Albert_Hall%2C_London.jpg/520px-Royal_Albert_Hall%2C_London.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6450" data-file-height="4150" /></a><figcaption>De <a href="/wiki/Royal_Albert_Hall" title="Royal Albert Hall">Royal Albert Hall</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Londen heeft een groot aantal theaters, met name geconcentreerd in de uitgaanswijk <a href="/wiki/West_End_(Londen)" title="West End (Londen)">West End</a>. Voorstellingen lopen in West End vaak uitzonderlijk lang; zo draaien bekende musicals als <i><a href="/wiki/Les_Mis%C3%A9rables_(musical)" title="Les Misérables (musical)">Les Misérables</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Phantom_of_the_Opera_(musical)" title="The Phantom of the Opera (musical)">The Phantom of the Opera</a></i> en <i><a href="/wiki/Cats_(musical)" title="Cats (musical)">Cats</a></i> er al meer dan twintig jaar. Het veruit langstlopende stuk is <i><a href="/wiki/The_Mousetrap" title="The Mousetrap">The Mousetrap</a></i>. Deze voorstelling draait al onafgebroken sinds 1952. Enkele bekende theaters zijn het <a href="/wiki/Globe_Theatre" title="Globe Theatre">Globe Theatre</a>, het <a href="/wiki/New_London_Theatre" title="New London Theatre">New London Theatre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Old_Vic" title="Old Vic">Old Vic</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Royal_Albert_Hall" title="Royal Albert Hall">Royal Albert Hall</a> en het <a href="/wiki/Royal_Opera_House" title="Royal Opera House">Royal Opera House</a>. Londen is toonaangevend op het gebied van <a href="/wiki/Klassieke_muziek" title="Klassieke muziek">klassieke muziek</a> en <a href="/wiki/Popmuziek" title="Popmuziek">popmuziek</a>. Met het <a href="/wiki/London_Symphony_Orchestra" title="London Symphony Orchestra">London Symphony Orchestra</a> en het <a href="/wiki/Royal_Philharmonic_Orchestra" title="Royal Philharmonic Orchestra">Royal Philharmonic Orchestra</a> heeft de stad twee orkesten van wereldklasse in huis. Grote platenmaatschappijen als <a href="/wiki/Decca_Records" title="Decca Records">Decca Records</a> en <a href="/wiki/EMI_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="EMI Group">EMI</a> hebben Londen als thuisbasis. <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a> namen hun grootste hits en albums op in de <a href="/wiki/Abbey_Road_Studios" title="Abbey Road Studios">Abbey Road Studios</a>. Londense bands en muzikanten als <a href="/wiki/David_Bowie" title="David Bowie">David Bowie</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Kinks" title="The Kinks">The Kinks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Queen" title="Queen">Queen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stones" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolling Stones">The Rolling Stones</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Who" title="The Who">The Who</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madness" title="Madness">Madness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gorillaz" title="Gorillaz">Gorillaz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bloc_Party" title="Bloc Party">Bloc Party</a> en <a href="/wiki/Coldplay" title="Coldplay">Coldplay</a> zijn wereldwijd gerespecteerd. Londen is de bakermat van de <a href="/wiki/Punk_(muziek)" title="Punk (muziek)">punkmuziek</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Londense bands als <a href="/wiki/Sex_Pistols" title="Sex Pistols">Sex Pistols</a> en <a href="/wiki/The_Clash" title="The Clash">The Clash</a> hebben een belangrijke bijdrage geleverd aan dit genre. </p><p>Er zijn meerdere <a href="/wiki/Conservatorium" title="Conservatorium">conservatoria</a> verspreid over de stad: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Music" title="Royal Academy of Music">Royal Academy of Music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Music" title="Royal College of Music">Royal College of Music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guildhall_School_of_Music_and_Drama" title="Guildhall School of Music and Drama">Guildhall School of Music and Drama</a>, en <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College_of_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinity College of Music">Trinity College of Music</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Charles_Dickens_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_13103.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Charles_Dickens_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_13103.jpg/150px-Charles_Dickens_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_13103.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Charles_Dickens_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_13103.jpg/225px-Charles_Dickens_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_13103.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Charles_Dickens_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_13103.jpg 2x" data-file-width="278" data-file-height="299" /></a><figcaption>Charles Dickens (1812-1870)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literatuur_en_film">Literatuur en film</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Literatuur en film" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&action=edit&section=26" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Literatuur en film"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Londen heeft een aantal grote schrijvers voortgebracht. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a> beschreef het Londen van de negentiende eeuw, evenals <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Conan_Doyle" title="Arthur Conan Doyle">Arthur Conan Doyle</a>, die beroemd is geworden met zijn <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes">Sherlock Holmesverhalen</a>. <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Pepys" title="Samuel Pepys">Samuel Pepys</a> is bekend geworden vanwege zijn ooggetuigenverslag van de Grote Brand.<sup id="cite_ref-London_in_Literature_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-London_in_Literature-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1722 schreef <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Defoe" title="Daniel Defoe">Daniel Defoe</a> <i>A Journal of the Plague Year</i>, waarin de <a href="/wiki/Pestepidemie_in_Londen" title="Pestepidemie in Londen">pestepidemie in Londen</a> van 1665-1666 centraal staat. Defoe schreef ook de roman <i><a href="/wiki/Robinson_Crusoe" title="Robinson Crusoe">Robinson Crusoe</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-London_in_Literature_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-London_in_Literature-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a> woonde een groot deel van zijn leven in Londen. </p><p>Grote filmstudio's in Londen zijn onder andere <a href="/wiki/Pinewood_Studios" title="Pinewood Studios">Pinewood</a> en <a href="/wiki/Leavesden_Studios" title="Leavesden Studios">Leavesden</a>. De stad heeft een aantal opleidingen voor <a href="/wiki/Podiumkunsten" title="Podiumkunsten">podiumkunsten</a>, waaronder de <a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Dramatic_Art" title="Royal Academy of Dramatic Art">Royal Academy of Dramatic Art</a> (RADA), de <a href="/wiki/Central_School_of_Speech_and_Drama" title="Central School of Speech and Drama">Central School of Speech and Drama</a> (alumni: <a href="/wiki/Judi_Dench" title="Judi Dench">Judi Dench</a> en <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a>) en de <a href="/wiki/London_Academy_of_Music_and_Dramatic_Art" title="London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art">London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art</a> (alumni: <a href="/wiki/Jim_Broadbent" title="Jim Broadbent">Jim Broadbent</a>). Elk jaar in <a href="/wiki/Oktober" title="Oktober">oktober</a> wordt het <a href="/wiki/London_Film_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="London Film Festival">London Film Festival</a> georganiseerd. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Fish_and_chips_Portobello_Road.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Fish_and_chips_Portobello_Road.jpg/260px-Fish_and_chips_Portobello_Road.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Fish_and_chips_Portobello_Road.jpg/390px-Fish_and_chips_Portobello_Road.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Fish_and_chips_Portobello_Road.jpg/520px-Fish_and_chips_Portobello_Road.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3912" data-file-height="2588" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fish_and_chips" title="Fish and chips">Fish and chips</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eten_en_drinken">Eten en drinken</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Eten en drinken" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&action=edit&section=27" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Eten en drinken"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Londen kent een grote verscheidenheid aan <a href="/wiki/Restaurant" title="Restaurant">restaurants</a> als gevolg van de multi-etnische bevolking. Met name de wijken <a href="/wiki/Soho_(Londen)" title="Soho (Londen)">Soho</a> en <a href="/wiki/London_Chinatown" class="mw-redirect" title="London Chinatown">Chinatown</a> zijn hierom bekend, maar ook de duurdere internationale keuken is over geheel centraal Londen verspreid. Vele gespecialiseerde toko's maar ook de grote warenhuizen verkopen van oorsprong uitheemse producten. Londen was in 2009 42 restaurants met een of meer <a href="/wiki/Michelinster" title="Michelinster">Michelinsterren</a> rijk.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bekende koks als <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Ramsay" title="Gordon Ramsay">Gordon Ramsay</a> en <a href="/wiki/Jamie_Oliver" title="Jamie Oliver">Jamie Oliver</a> hebben meerdere restaurants in de stad. </p><p>De Engelse <a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9" title="Café">pub</a> is ook in Londen rijk vertegenwoordigd. Naast typisch Engelse biersoorten, zoals <a href="/wiki/Ale_(bier)" title="Ale (bier)">ale</a>, wordt hier ook het populaire, van het vasteland afkomstige <a href="/wiki/Lager_(bier)" title="Lager (bier)">lager</a> geschonken. In veel pubs wordt ook eten verkocht. Vaak worden hier typisch Engelse gerechten als <a href="/wiki/Fish_and_chips" title="Fish and chips">fish and chips</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bloedworst" title="Bloedworst">black pudding</a>, pie and mash en bangers and mash geserveerd. </p> <div style="clear:left;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economie">Economie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Economie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&action=edit&section=28" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Economie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bedrijvigheid">Bedrijvigheid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Bedrijvigheid" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&action=edit&section=29" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Bedrijvigheid"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Na <a href="/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio">Tokio</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(stad)" title="New York (stad)">New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> en <a href="/wiki/Parijs" title="Parijs">Parijs</a>, heeft Londen de grootste stads<a href="/wiki/Economie" title="Economie">economie</a> van de wereld.<sup id="cite_ref-London_ranked_as_world's_six_largest_economy_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-London_ranked_as_world's_six_largest_economy-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De stad is dan ook, met de <a href="/wiki/London_Stock_Exchange" title="London Stock Exchange">London Stock Exchange</a> als graadmeter, een van de belangrijkste financiële centra in de wereld. Londen draagt 20% van het <a href="/wiki/Bruto_nationaal_product" title="Bruto nationaal product">BNP</a> bij in het Verenigd Koninkrijk (oftewel <a href="/wiki/Amerikaanse_dollar" title="Amerikaanse dollar">$</a>446 <a href="/wiki/Miljard" title="Miljard">miljard</a> in 2005).<sup id="cite_ref-Londeneconomie_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Londeneconomie-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Multinationals als <a href="/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC">HSBC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a> en <a href="/wiki/Barclays" title="Barclays">Barclays</a> hebben in Londen hun hoofdkwartier. Londense financiële instellingen als de <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England" title="Bank of England">Bank of England</a> en <a href="/wiki/Lloyd%27s_of_London" title="Lloyd's of London">Lloyd's of London</a> hebben hun hoofdkwartier in de <a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City</a>. </p><p>Londen is ook op het gebied van media een toonaangevende stad. De <a href="/wiki/British_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="British Broadcasting Corporation">BBC</a>, de Britse publieke omroep, heeft haar hoofdkantoor in Londen. De meeste nationale kranten van Engeland worden in Londen gedrukt. Voorbeelden hiervan zijn de <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a> en de <a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fleet_Street" title="Fleet Street">Fleet Street</a> was jarenlang het centrum van de nationale pers en de naam staat nog altijd synoniem voor de Britse pers. </p><p>Van de Londense beroepsbevolking is 33,1% werkzaam in de financiële en zakelijke sector (landelijk: 19,3%), 26,2% is werkzaam in de <i>non-market & personal services</i> (landelijk: 28,5%), 21% is werkzaam in de distributie en de hotels (landelijk: 23,2%), 8% werkt in de transport- en communicatiesector (landelijk: 6,2%), 6,6% werkt in de productie (landelijk: 13,7%) en tot slot 5,1% die in de bouw werkt (landelijk 8,6%).<sup id="cite_ref-Londeneconomie_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Londeneconomie-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De <a href="/wiki/Haven_van_Londen" title="Haven van Londen">haven van Londen</a> is een van de grootste havens van Groot-Brittannië. Hier wordt 53 miljoen ton <a href="/wiki/Vracht" title="Vracht">vracht</a> per jaar verwerkt.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Techbedrijven">Techbedrijven</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Techbedrijven" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&action=edit&section=30" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Techbedrijven"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Steeds meer techbedrijven vestigen zich in Londen, met name in <a href="/w/index.php?title=East_London_Tech_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East London Tech City (de pagina bestaat niet)">East London Tech City</a> ook bekend als Silicon Roundabout. In 2015 werd er voor US$2,8 miljard in de Londense techbedrijven geïnvesteerd, dit was een toename van 69% ten opzichte van de US$1,3 miljard in 2014. Tezamen hebben de Londense techbedrijven US$5,2 miljard aan venture kapitaal opgehaald sinds 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Detailhandel">Detailhandel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Detailhandel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&action=edit&section=31" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Detailhandel"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Camden.lock.market.london.arp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Camden.lock.market.london.arp.jpg/260px-Camden.lock.market.london.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Camden.lock.market.london.arp.jpg/390px-Camden.lock.market.london.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Camden.lock.market.london.arp.jpg/520px-Camden.lock.market.london.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1476" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Camden_Market" title="Camden Market">Camden Market</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Londen staat bekend als winkelstad. De stad bezit, naast grote warenhuizen als <a href="/wiki/Harrods" title="Harrods">Harrods</a> en <a href="/wiki/Marks_%26_Spencer" title="Marks & Spencer">Marks & Spencer</a>, ook veel kleine speciaalzaken. Enkele grote winkelstraten en -gebieden zijn <a href="/wiki/Bond_Street_(Westminster)" title="Bond Street (Westminster)">Bond Street</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Street" title="Oxford Street">Oxford Street</a> en <a href="/wiki/Regent_Street" title="Regent Street">Regent Street</a>, alle gelegen in de borough <a href="/wiki/City_of_Westminster" title="City of Westminster">Westminster</a>, en <a href="/wiki/Kensington_High_Street" title="Kensington High Street">Kensington High Street</a>, in de borough <a href="/wiki/Kensington_and_Chelsea" title="Kensington and Chelsea">Kensington and Chelsea</a>. </p><p>Een bekende <a href="/wiki/Markt_(winkel)" title="Markt (winkel)">markt</a> in Londen is <a href="/wiki/Camden_Market" title="Camden Market">Camden Market</a>, dat in feite een verzameling is van meerdere, aaneengeschakelde markten. <a href="/wiki/Petticoat_Lane_Market" title="Petticoat Lane Market">Petticoat Lane Market</a> is een grote en drukbezochte straatmarkt in Oost-Londen, zowel voor toeristen als de plaatselijke bevolking. Verder bevinden zich markten in onder andere <a href="/wiki/Covent_Garden_(Londen)" title="Covent Garden (Londen)">Covent Garden</a> en <a href="/wiki/Portobello_Road" title="Portobello Road">Portobello Road</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Toerisme">Toerisme</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Toerisme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&action=edit&section=32" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Toerisme"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Londen is een van de populairste toeristische bestemmingen van de wereld, in 2015 was Londen de nummer één bestemming in de wereld met 65 miljoen bezoekers, hiervan kwamen 16,8 miljoen bezoekers uit het buitenland.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Londen is ook de stad die het meeste omzet uit bezoeken van buitenlanders haalt, US$20,23 miljard in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Toerisme is een van de belangrijkste economische activiteiten in Londen en zorgde in 2003 voor 350.000 fulltime banen.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De meest bezochte attracties van het Verenigd Koninkrijk lagen in 2017 allemaal in Londen. De 10 meest bezochte attracties waren:<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Het <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a> 5,9 miljoen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tate_Modern" title="Tate Modern">Tate Modern</a> 5,7 miljoen</li> <li>De <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_(Londen)" title="National Gallery (Londen)">National Gallery</a> 5,2 miljoen</li> <li>Het <a href="/wiki/Natural_History_Museum" title="Natural History Museum">Natural History Museum</a> 4,4 miljoen</li> <li>Het <a href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">Victoria and Albert Museum</a> 3,7 miljoen</li> <li>Het <a href="/wiki/Science_Museum" title="Science Museum">Science Museum</a> 3,3 miljoen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southbank_Centre" title="Southbank Centre">Southbank Centre</a> 3,2 miljoen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset_House" title="Somerset House">Somerset House</a> 3,2 miljoen</li> <li>De <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London_(gebouw)" title="Tower of London (gebouw)">Tower of London</a> 2,8 miljoen</li> <li>De <a href="/wiki/Royal_Museums_Greenwich" title="Royal Museums Greenwich">Royal Museums Greenwich</a> 2,6 miljoen</li></ul> <p>In 2015 beschikte Londen over 138.769 hotelkamers, de verwachting is dat dit in de komende jaren verder zal toenemen.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Onderstaand is een overzicht gegeven van de 10 grootste groepen bezoekers van Londen in 2013:<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frankrijk" title="Frankrijk">Frankrijk</a> 1.904.000</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Staten" title="Verenigde Staten">Verenigde Staten</a> 1.878.000</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duitsland" title="Duitsland">Duitsland</a> 1.295.000</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB" title="Italië">Italië</a> 1.072.000</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanje" title="Spanje">Spanje</a> 866.000</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederland_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nederland (hoofdbetekenis)">Nederland</a> 687.000</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australi%C3%AB_(land)" title="Australië (land)">Australië</a> 687.000</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ierland_(land)" title="Ierland (land)">Ierland</a> 611.000</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgi%C3%AB" title="België">België</a> 531.000</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zweden" title="Zweden">Zweden</a> 516.000</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verkeer_en_vervoer">Verkeer en vervoer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&veaction=edit&section=33" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Verkeer en vervoer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&action=edit&section=33" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Verkeer en vervoer"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; padding:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.6em; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/20px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/40px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Zie <a href="/wiki/Vervoer_in_Londen" title="Vervoer in Londen">Vervoer in Londen</a> voor het hoofdartikel over dit onderwerp.</i></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Londen_verkeer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Londen_verkeer.jpg/330px-Londen_verkeer.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="347" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Londen_verkeer.jpg/500px-Londen_verkeer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Londen_verkeer.jpg/520px-Londen_verkeer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Wegverkeer in het centrum van Londen</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Gatwick_South_Terminal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gatwick_South_Terminal.jpg/260px-Gatwick_South_Terminal.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gatwick_South_Terminal.jpg/390px-Gatwick_South_Terminal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gatwick_South_Terminal.jpg/520px-Gatwick_South_Terminal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Luchthaven_Londen_Gatwick" class="mw-redirect" title="Luchthaven Londen Gatwick">Londen Gatwick</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Eurostar_at_St_Pancras_railway_station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Eurostar_at_St_Pancras_railway_station.jpg/260px-Eurostar_at_St_Pancras_railway_station.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Eurostar_at_St_Pancras_railway_station.jpg/390px-Eurostar_at_St_Pancras_railway_station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Eurostar_at_St_Pancras_railway_station.jpg/520px-Eurostar_at_St_Pancras_railway_station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Een <a href="/wiki/Eurostar" title="Eurostar">Eurostar</a>-trein op <a href="/wiki/Station_London_St_Pancras_International" title="Station London St Pancras International">St Pancras</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Transport_for_London" title="Transport for London">Transport for London</a> (TfL) is een overheidsorganisatie die verantwoordelijk is voor het (weg)<a href="/wiki/Verkeer" title="Verkeer">verkeer</a> en (<a href="/wiki/Openbaar_vervoer" title="Openbaar vervoer">openbaar</a>) <a href="/wiki/Vervoer" title="Vervoer">vervoer</a> in de Londense agglomeratie ('Greater London'). Het hoofdkantoor van TfL is ontworpen door <a href="/wiki/Charles_Holden" title="Charles Holden">Charles Holden</a> en is gevestigd op <a href="/wiki/55_Broadway" title="55 Broadway">55 Broadway</a>, nabij het <a href="/wiki/St._James%27s_Park" title="St. James's Park">St. James's Park</a> in Londen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wegverkeer">Wegverkeer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&veaction=edit&section=34" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Wegverkeer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&action=edit&section=34" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Wegverkeer"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Het verkeer in Londen bestaat voor een groot gedeelte uit taxi's en bussen; regulier verkeer wordt geweerd uit het centrum. De gemiddelde snelheid van het autoverkeer in het centrum van Londen is 17 km/u.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Er is een tolheffing in het centrum, de <a href="/wiki/London_congestion_charge" class="mw-redirect" title="London congestion charge">London congestion charge</a>. Ondanks dit <a href="/wiki/Rekeningrijden" title="Rekeningrijden">rekeningrijden</a> voor autovervoer is de stad erg druk met autoverkeer. Londen kent een systeem van <a href="/wiki/Ringweg" title="Ringweg">ringwegen</a>. De 188 kilometer lange <a href="/wiki/M25_(Groot-Brittanni%C3%AB)" title="M25 (Groot-Brittannië)">M25</a> is de buitenste ring en heeft aansluiting op de rest van het snelwegennet in Groot-Brittannië. De <a href="/wiki/M20_(Groot-Brittanni%C3%AB)" title="M20 (Groot-Brittannië)">M20</a> verbindt Londen met de Kanaaltunnel. De <a href="/wiki/M4_(Groot-Brittanni%C3%AB)" title="M4 (Groot-Brittannië)">M4</a> verbindt Londen, via <a href="/wiki/Bristol_(stad)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bristol (stad)">Bristol</a>, met <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>. Het noorden is met de auto te bereiken via de <a href="/wiki/M40_(Groot-Brittanni%C3%AB)" title="M40 (Groot-Brittannië)">M40</a> of de <a href="/wiki/M1_(Groot-Brittanni%C3%AB)" title="M1 (Groot-Brittannië)">M1</a>. De universiteitsstad <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_(Engeland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge (Engeland)">Cambridge</a> is bereikbaar via de <a href="/wiki/M11_(Groot-Brittanni%C3%AB)" title="M11 (Groot-Brittannië)">M11</a>. De <a href="/wiki/M3_(Groot-Brittanni%C3%AB)" title="M3 (Groot-Brittannië)">M3</a> leidt richting de zuidwestkust. </p><p>Londen heeft ook een uitgebreid <a href="/wiki/Autobus" title="Autobus">busnetwerk</a> met onder andere de bekende rode <a href="/wiki/Dubbeldeksbus" title="Dubbeldeksbus">dubbeldekkers</a>. Vooral de rode bussen in Londen zijn erg bekend. Het beroemde type <a href="/wiki/AEC_Routemaster" class="mw-redirect" title="AEC Routemaster">Routemaster</a>, met open achterbalkon en <a href="/wiki/Conducteur" title="Conducteur">conducteur</a>, is eind 2005, op twee lijnen na, buiten dienst gesteld. Dubbeldeksbussen bestaan nog overwegend met eenmansbediening en voorinstap. De dominantie van de dubbeldekker in het stadsbeeld neemt af doordat steeds meer <a href="/wiki/Gelede_bus" title="Gelede bus">gelede bussen</a> in dienst komen. </p><p>Londen heeft kenmerkende zwarte <a href="/wiki/Taxi_(vervoer)" title="Taxi (vervoer)">taxi's</a> (cabbies). Het traditionele, oudere model wordt geleidelijk vervangen door een moderner model, dat evenwel gebouwd is naar het voorbeeld van het oude taximodel. Er zijn ongeveer 23.000 taxi's in Londen.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Luchthavens">Luchthavens</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&veaction=edit&section=35" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Luchthavens" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&action=edit&section=35" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Luchthavens"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Met <a href="/wiki/Luchthaven_Londen_Heathrow" class="mw-redirect" title="Luchthaven Londen Heathrow">luchthaven Londen Heathrow</a> beschikt Londen over het drukste vliegveld van Europa.<sup id="cite_ref-passenger_traffic_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-passenger_traffic-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daarnaast wordt de metropool ook nog bediend door de luchthavens <a href="/wiki/Luchthaven_Londen_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Luchthaven Londen City">Londen City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luchthaven_Londen_Gatwick" class="mw-redirect" title="Luchthaven Londen Gatwick">Gatwick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luchthaven_Londen_Luton" class="mw-redirect" title="Luchthaven Londen Luton">Luton</a> en <a href="/wiki/Luchthaven_Londen_Stansted" class="mw-redirect" title="Luchthaven Londen Stansted">Stansted</a>. In 2018 passeerden in totaal 176 miljoen passagiers deze luchthavens. </p><p>Van de vijf luchthavens bevinden alleen Heathrow en City zich binnen de grenzen van Greater London. Gatwick, Luton en Stansted liggen buiten de grenzen van dit gebied, maar beschikken over goede vervoersverbindingen naar Londen. Londen Heathrow is direct aangesloten op het metronetwerk aan de <a href="/wiki/Piccadilly_Line" title="Piccadilly Line">Piccadilly Line</a>; Londen City is onder andere verbonden met de rest van de stad via de <a href="/wiki/Docklands_Light_Railway" title="Docklands Light Railway">Docklands Light Railway</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spoorwegen">Spoorwegen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&veaction=edit&section=36" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Spoorwegen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&action=edit&section=36" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Spoorwegen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Londen is met 14 grote treinstations het belangrijkste <a href="/wiki/Spoorweg" class="mw-redirect" title="Spoorweg">spoorwegknooppunt</a> van het Verenigd Koninkrijk. Net als veel andere Europese steden was het in de negentiende eeuw niet toegestaan om doorgaande spoorlijnen door de stad aan te leggen. Daarom liggen de meeste van deze stations buiten het hart van de stad. Met de aanleg van <a href="/wiki/Crossrail" title="Crossrail">Crossrail</a> wordt het na anderhalve eeuw mogelijk om treinen te laten rijden dwars door (onder) de stad. Het station <a href="/wiki/Station_London_St_Pancras_International" title="Station London St Pancras International">St Pancras International</a> is sinds november 2007<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> het eindpunt van de <a href="/wiki/Eurostar" title="Eurostar">Eurostar</a>, die Londen via de <a href="/wiki/Kanaaltunnel" title="Kanaaltunnel">Kanaaltunnel</a>, met Parijs, <a href="/wiki/Rijsel" title="Rijsel">Lille</a> en <a href="/wiki/Brussel_(stad)" title="Brussel (stad)">Brussel</a> verbindt. Het <a href="/wiki/Station_London_Waterloo" title="Station London Waterloo">Waterloo Station</a> is een van de drukste stations van Londen. Waterloo verbindt Londen met de <a href="/wiki/Regio%27s_van_Engeland" title="Regio's van Engeland">regio's</a> <a href="/wiki/South_West_England" title="South West England">South West England</a> en <a href="/wiki/South_East_England" title="South East England">South East England</a>. De andere stations zijn: <a href="/wiki/Station_London_Blackfriars" title="Station London Blackfriars">Blackfriars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Station_London_Cannon_Street" title="Station London Cannon Street">Cannon Street</a>, <a href="/wiki/Station_London_Charing_Cross" title="Station London Charing Cross">Charing Cross</a>, <a href="/wiki/Station_London_Euston" title="Station London Euston">Euston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Station_London_Fenchurch_Street" title="Station London Fenchurch Street">Fenchurch Street</a>, <a href="/wiki/Station_London_King%27s_Cross" title="Station London King's Cross">King's Cross</a>, <a href="/wiki/Station_London_Liverpool_Street" title="Station London Liverpool Street">Liverpool Street</a>, <a href="/wiki/Station_London_Bridge" title="Station London Bridge">London Bridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Station_Moorgate" title="Station Moorgate">Moorgate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Station_London_Marylebone" title="Station London Marylebone">Marylebone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Station_London_Paddington" title="Station London Paddington">Paddington</a> (voor <a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a> en <a href="/wiki/Gloucester" title="Gloucester">Gloucester</a>) en <a href="/wiki/Station_London_Victoria" title="Station London Victoria">Victoria</a>. Pendelaars kunnen zich ook verplaatsen met <a href="/wiki/London_Overground" title="London Overground">London Overground</a>. Dit grotendeels bovengronds netwerk vormt sinds december 2012 een cirkel rond de stad en verbindt Euston en Liverpool Street met de voorsteden. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metro">Metro</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&veaction=edit&section=37" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Metro" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&action=edit&section=37" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Metro"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; padding:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.6em; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/20px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/40px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Zie <a href="/wiki/Metro_van_Londen" title="Metro van Londen">Metro van Londen</a> voor het hoofdartikel over dit onderwerp.</i></div> <p>Londen heeft een uitgebreid <a href="/wiki/Metro_(vervoermiddel)" title="Metro (vervoermiddel)">metrostelsel</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Metro_van_Londen" title="Metro van Londen">Underground</a>, bijgenaamd 'The Tube'. Londen was ook de eerste stad ter wereld met een netwerk van ondergrondse spoorlijnen. Er zijn sinds 1987 twee systemen: de metro en de <a href="/wiki/Docklands_Light_Railway" title="Docklands Light Railway">DLR</a> (Docklands Lightrail). De metro gaat vooral door het centrum, terwijl de DLR door de <a href="/wiki/Docklands_(Londen)" title="Docklands (Londen)">Docklands</a> gaat. De metro wordt verbeterd in het vervolg van de voorbereiding op de <a href="/wiki/Olympische_Zomerspelen_2012" title="Olympische Zomerspelen 2012">Olympische Spelen</a> in 2012. In de metro, DLR en bussen in Londen wordt betaald met de <a href="/wiki/Oyster_card" title="Oyster card">Oyster card</a>, de Londense versie van de <a href="/wiki/OV-chipkaart" title="OV-chipkaart">OV-chipkaart</a> of met een contactloze <a href="/wiki/Bankpas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bankpas">bankpas</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Onderwijs">Onderwijs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&veaction=edit&section=38" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Onderwijs" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&action=edit&section=38" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Onderwijs"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:University_College_London_-quadrant-11Sept2006_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/University_College_London_-quadrant-11Sept2006_%281%29.jpg/260px-University_College_London_-quadrant-11Sept2006_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/University_College_London_-quadrant-11Sept2006_%281%29.jpg/390px-University_College_London_-quadrant-11Sept2006_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/University_College_London_-quadrant-11Sept2006_%281%29.jpg/520px-University_College_London_-quadrant-11Sept2006_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3132" data-file-height="2447" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College</a>, onderdeel van de <a href="/wiki/Universiteit_van_Londen" title="Universiteit van Londen">Universiteit van Londen</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Met 125.000 studenten is de <a href="/wiki/Universiteit_van_Londen" title="Universiteit van Londen">Universiteit van Londen</a> de grootste universiteit van het Verenigd Koninkrijk en Europa.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De Universiteit van Londen werd opgericht in <a href="/wiki/1836" title="1836">1836</a> en bestond toen nog maar uit twee colleges: <a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a> (UCL) en <a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_London" title="King's College London">King's College London</a> (KCL). De universiteit was de eerste in het Verenigd Koninkrijk die vrouwen op gelijke wijze toeliet als mannen. Tegenwoordig is het een overkoepelend instituut dat bestaat uit 17 vrijwel onafhankelijke colleges en instituten, verspreid over Londen. Naast UCL en King's zijn de bekendste colleges de <a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a> (LSE) en het <a href="/wiki/Goldsmiths_College" title="Goldsmiths College">Goldsmiths College</a>. Ook de <a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Music" title="Royal Academy of Music">Royal Academy of Music</a> behoort tot deze universiteit. </p><p>Het Imperial College London en de University College London staan beide in de top 10 van beste universiteiten van de wereld genoteerd.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gezondheidszorg">Gezondheidszorg</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&veaction=edit&section=39" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Gezondheidszorg" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&action=edit&section=39" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Gezondheidszorg"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:StBart.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/StBart.jpg/250px-StBart.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/StBart.jpg/330px-StBart.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/StBart.jpg/500px-StBart.jpg 2x" data-file-width="625" data-file-height="395" /></a><figcaption>St Bartholomew's Hospital, begin 19e eeuw</figcaption></figure> <p>De eerste vorm van <a href="/wiki/Gezondheidszorg" title="Gezondheidszorg">gezondheidszorg</a> in de stad bestond uit <a href="/wiki/Naastenliefde" title="Naastenliefde">liefdadigheidswerk</a> van de <a href="/wiki/Klooster_(gebouw)" title="Klooster (gebouw)">kloosters</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hospitals_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hospitals-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Het oudste ziekenhuis van Londen, gesticht in 1123, is <a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Bartholomew%27s_Hospital&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St Bartholomew's Hospital (de pagina bestaat niet)">St Bartholomew's Hospital</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hospitals_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hospitals-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In de <a href="/wiki/19e_eeuw" title="19e eeuw">negentiende eeuw</a> was Londen een van de snelst groeiende steden ter wereld, maar de watervoorziening en <a href="/wiki/Hygi%C3%ABne" title="Hygiëne">hygiënische</a> omstandigheden waren extreem slecht.<sup id="cite_ref-Volksgezondheid_in_de_19e_eeuw_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Volksgezondheid_in_de_19e_eeuw-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De <a href="/wiki/Levensverwachting" title="Levensverwachting">levensverwachting</a> in Londen was constant gedurende 1826-1871, maar nam daarna sterk toe.<sup id="cite_ref-Volksgezondheid_in_de_19e_eeuw_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Volksgezondheid_in_de_19e_eeuw-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dit kan worden verklaard uit het feit dat er verbeteringen waren in de voedselvoorziening en <a href="/wiki/Inenting" title="Inenting">vaccinatieprogramma's</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Volksgezondheid_in_de_19e_eeuw_65-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Volksgezondheid_in_de_19e_eeuw-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De levensverwachting is in Londen vrij hoog; mannen worden in Londen gemiddeld 77,9 jaar oud, vrouwen 82,4 jaar.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wel maakt het uit of je in het chique <a href="/wiki/Kensington_and_Chelsea" title="Kensington and Chelsea">Kensington and Chelsea</a> woont (gem. levensverwachting 83,3) of in het wat armere <a href="/wiki/Tower_Hamlets" title="Tower Hamlets">Tower Hamlets</a> (gem. levensverwachting 76,5).<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Service" title="National Health Service">National Health Service</a> (NHS) is het door de overheid gefinancierde gezondheidssysteem in Engeland. De NHS is opgericht in 1948, als gevolg van het <a href="/wiki/William_Beveridge" title="William Beveridge">Beveridge-rapport</a>. In dit rapport wordt gepleit voor een systeem van verzekeringen met <a href="/wiki/Omslagstelsel" title="Omslagstelsel">omslagstelsel</a> ter bestrijding van armoede en ziekte. </p><p>Er zijn talrijke ziekenhuizen in de stad. Sommige, zoals het al eerder genoemde St Bartholomew's Hospital, maar ook <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guy%27s_Hospital&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guy's Hospital (de pagina bestaat niet)">Guy's Hospital</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Thomas%27_Hospital&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St Thomas' Hospital (de pagina bestaat niet)">St Thomas' Hospital</a>, bestaan al honderden jaren. In Londen zijn 25 onderzoeksinstituten en geneeskundeopleidingen gevestigd evenals 23 National Health Service-ziekenhuizen. In de stad werken 175.000 mensen in de gezondheidszorg.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stedenbanden">Stedenbanden</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&veaction=edit&section=40" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Stedenbanden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&action=edit&section=40" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Stedenbanden"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De <i>Greater London Authority</i> heeft <a href="/wiki/Partnerstad" title="Partnerstad">jumelages</a> met vijf steden: </p> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Duitsland"><img alt="Vlag van Duitsland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Berlijn" title="Berlijn">Berlijn</a> (Duitsland)</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Kuwait.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Koeweit"><img alt="Vlag van Koeweit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/20px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/40px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Koeweit_(stad)" title="Koeweit (stad)">Koeweit</a> (Koeweit)</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Malaysia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Maleisië"><img alt="Vlag van Maleisië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a> (Maleisië)</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Rusland"><img alt="Vlag van Rusland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Moskou" title="Moskou">Moskou</a> (Rusland)</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van de Verenigde Staten"><img alt="Vlag van Verenigde Staten" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/New_York_(stad)" title="New York (stad)">New York</a> (Verenigde Staten)</li></ul> <p>Daarnaast heeft Londen nog vriendschapsbanden met de volgende negentien steden: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r68724794">.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst ul,.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst li,.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst dd{margin-bottom:0;padding-bottom:0.1em;page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}html.vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-0 .mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst sup{line-height:0.8714285em}html.vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 .mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst sup{line-height:0.9em}html.vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-2 .mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst sup{line-height:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .kolommen-lijst{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst figure{break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst{clear:both}}</style><div class="kolommen-lijst" style="column-width:20em; column-count:2; max-width:41em;"> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Algeria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Algerije"><img alt="Vlag van Algerije" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/20px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a> (Algerije)</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Nederland"><img alt="Vlag van Nederland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> (Nederland)</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Azerbeidzjan"><img alt="Vlag van Azerbeidzjan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bakoe" title="Bakoe">Bakoe</a> (Azerbeidzjan)</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Colombia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Colombia"><img alt="Vlag van Colombia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bogota_(stad)" title="Bogota (stad)">Bogotá</a> (Colombia)</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Argentina.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Argentinië"><img alt="Vlag van Argentinië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/20px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/30px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/40px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires_(stad)" title="Buenos Aires (stad)">Buenos Aires</a> (Argentinië)</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van India"><img alt="Vlag van India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/20px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/30px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/40px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Delhi_(stad)" title="Delhi (stad)">Delhi</a> (India)</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Bangladesh"><img alt="Vlag van Bangladesh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/20px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Dhaka_(stad)" title="Dhaka (stad)">Dhaka</a> (Bangladesh)</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Turkey.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Turkije"><img alt="Vlag van Turkije" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/20px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/30px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/40px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Istanboel" class="mw-redirect" title="Istanboel">Istanboel</a> (Turkije)</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van India"><img alt="Vlag van India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/20px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/30px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/40px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a> (India)</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Norway.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Noorwegen"><img alt="Vlag van Noorwegen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/20px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/40px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a> (Noorwegen)</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Frankrijk"><img alt="Vlag van Frankrijk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Parijs" title="Parijs">Parijs</a> (Frankrijk)</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van China"><img alt="Vlag van China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Peking" title="Peking">Peking</a> (China)</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Montenegro.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Montenegro"><img alt="Vlag van Montenegro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/20px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/30px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/40px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Podgorica" title="Podgorica">Podgorica</a> (Montenegro)</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Italië"><img alt="Vlag van Italië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/20px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Rome_(stad)" title="Rome (stad)">Rome</a> (Italië)</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Bulgarije"><img alt="Vlag van Bulgarije" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/20px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sofia_(stad)" title="Sofia (stad)">Sofia</a> (Bulgarije)</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Bangladesh"><img alt="Vlag van Bangladesh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/20px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sylhet_(stad)" title="Sylhet (stad)">Sylhet</a> (Bangladesh)</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Iran.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Iran"><img alt="Vlag van Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/20px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran">Teheran</a> (Iran)</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Japan"><img alt="Vlag van Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio">Tokio</a> (Japan)</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Croatia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Kroatië"><img alt="Vlag van Kroatië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a> (Kroatië)</li></ul> </div> <p>Ook de <i>boroughs</i> van Londen hebben banden met stadsdelen van andere steden over de hele wereld. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bekende_Londenaars">Bekende Londenaars</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&veaction=edit&section=41" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Bekende Londenaars" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&action=edit&section=41" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Bekende Londenaars"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; padding:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.6em; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/20px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/40px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Zie <a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_Londenaren" title="Lijst van Londenaren">Lijst van Londenaren</a> voor het hoofdartikel over dit onderwerp.</i></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&veaction=edit&section=42" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&action=edit&section=42" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r63829521">.mw-parser-output .zusterprojecten{padding:0;font-size:90%;clear:both;margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .zusterprojecten-klein{padding-bottom:5px;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .zusterprojecten-kop{vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .zusterprojecten-lijst{display:inline;margin-left:0;padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .zusterprojecten-kop,.mw-parser-output .zusterprojecten li,.mw-parser-output .zusterprojecten-klein li{display:inline-block;margin:0.4em 0.6em;white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.4em;width:12.5em}.mw-parser-output .zusterprojecten-klein li{width:17.5em;max-height:20px}.mw-parser-output .zuster-logo{display:inline-block;text-align:center;width:34px}.mw-parser-output .zuster-tekst{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .zusterprojecten-klein .zuster-op{display:inline}@media screen and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .zusterprojecten li,.mw-parser-output .zusterprojecten-klein li{max-height:initial;line-height:inherit}}</style> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-klein zusterprojecten-klein infobox noprint"> <div class="zusterprojecten-kop"><b>Op andere <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia</a>-projecten</b></div><br /> <ul class="zusterprojecten-lijst"> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/London" class="extiw" title="c:London">Mediabestanden</a></div><li><div class="zuster-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="zuster-tekst"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/London" class="extiw" title="c:London"><i><b>Media</b></i></a><div class="zuster-op"> op Commons</div></div></li><div class="interProject wikivoyage mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://nl.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Londen" class="extiw" title="voy:Londen">Wikivoyage</a></div><li><div class="zuster-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/21px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/42px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="zuster-tekst"><a href="https://nl.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Londen" class="extiw" title="voy:Londen"><i><b>Reisgids</b></i></a><div class="zuster-op"> op Wikivoyage</div></div></li> </ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groot-Londen" title="Groot-Londen">Groot-Londen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_wijken_in_Londen" title="Lijst van wijken in Londen">Lijst van wijken in Londen</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_links">Externe links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&veaction=edit&section=43" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe links" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londen&action=edit&section=43" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe links"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.london.gov.uk/">Officiële bestuurlijke website van Londen</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090919034412/http://www.visitlondon.com/nl/">Officiële toeristische website van Londen</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ditislonden.nl/">Ditislonden.nl</a>, algemene informatie over Londen</li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2;-moz-column-width:30em; -webkit-column-width:30em; column-width:30em; list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.citypopulation.de/world/Agglomerations.html">The Principal Agglomerations of the World</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111011082820/http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/H/history/i-m/london4.html">London: The greatest city". Channel 4</a>. Gearchiveerd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2011-10-11">11 oktober 2011</span>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2011-05-19">19 mei 2011</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrew Self, <i>The Birds of London</i>, 2014, <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9781-408194041" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9781-408194041">ISBN 9781-408194041</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.nl/books?id=SJ5gAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA8&lpg=PA8&dq=London+1831+1925+city+world&source=bl&ots=K2wEyKFJ73&sig=jAxCrxd1KOY-skraUKDK-mgUv7U&hl=nl&sa=X&ei=VWP8VOaAJor2O5b7gMAB&ved=0CFgQ6AEwCA#v=snippet&q=%22London%20was%20the%20world%27s%20largest%20city%20from%20about%201831%20to%201925%22&f=false">pagina 8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220314234438/https://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/rb/rb5.html#t7">GaWC Research Bulletin 5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/gb">Lists: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland</a>. <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211022090742/https://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/gb">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2021-10-22">22 oktober 2021</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.kpn.nl/genesis/Europa/05Britse%20Koningen.htm">De geschiedenis van de vroege Britse koningen</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A791101">Pre-roman London</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="British Broadcasting Corporation">BBC</a>, 22 juli 2002</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chr.org.uk/origins.htm">The Origin of London's Success</a>, Cultural Heritage Resources</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/t/the_battersea_shield.aspx">The Shield of Battersea</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">The British Museum</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.barryoneoff.co.uk/londinium.html">The founding of The City of London - Londinium</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090210051016/http://www.britannia.com/history/londonhistory/">History of London</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historien.nl/?p=517">Alfred de Grote</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Onbereikbare_externe_links" title="Wikipedia:Onbereikbare externe links">[dode link]</a></sup>, Historiën, 17 oktober 2002</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/normans/key_events_03.shtml">Key Events of the Conquest</a>, BBC History, 1 juli 2001</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.londononline.co.uk/factfile/historical/">Population statistics for London</a>, London Online</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historyguide.org/ancient/wat_tyler.html">The Death of Wat Tyler</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britainexpress.com/History/plague.htm">The London Plague of 1665</a>, Britain Express</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070712082149/http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/archive/exhibits/blitz/changing/changing.htm">Remembering the Blitz</a>, Museum of London</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://corrosion-doctors.org/Landmarks/Thames.htm">Thames Barrier</a>, Corrosion Doctors</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/uk/05/london_blasts/what_happened/html/">7 July Bombings - Overview</a>, BBC</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161227055611/http://weblogs.nos.nl/londen/2014/03/03/de-miljarden-van-moskou-aan-de-theems/">De miljarden van Moskou-aan-de-Theems</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arjen_van_de_Horst&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arjen van de Horst (de pagina bestaat niet)">Arjen van de Horst</a>, 3 maart 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.avrotros.nl/buitenhof/player/POMS_VPRO_3236548/">Journalist Ben Judah in Buitenhof</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buitenhof_(televisieprogramma)" title="Buitenhof (televisieprogramma)">Buitenhof</a>, 7 februari 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nos.nl/artikel/2150117-meer-daklozen-in-londen-ik-was-een-normaal-mens-en-nu-zit-ik-hier.html">Meer daklozen in Londen, 'ik was een normaal mens en nu zit ik hier'</a>. NOS, 25 december 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/244011/Greater-London">Greater London - Britannica Online Encyclopaedia</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150524003741/http://www.britannica.com:80/EBchecked/topic/244011/Greater-London">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2015-05-24">24 mei 2015</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREF1998_blz._10"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Francis Sheppard</span> (1998). <cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=M9qvtYYhRtAC&oi=fnd&pg=PR11&ots=wVDtRsVF-V&sig=GFqR9QKs45u-ggfYI0dcCA3GUzc#PPA10,M1">London: A History</a></i></cite>. Oxford University Press, blz. 10. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0198229224" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0198229224">ISBN 0198229224</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hill-bagging.co.uk/mountaindetails.php?qu=U&rf=5503">The Mountains of England and Wales</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/pyramids/pages/00AA.asp">Census 2001 - City of London</a>, Office for National Statistics</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldweather.org/010/c00032.htm">Weather Information for London</a>. World Metereological Organization. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171107003400/http://www.worldweather.org/010/c00032.htm">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2017-11-07">7 november 2017</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/?tab=climateTables">Averages table</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <span class="citation"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Buncombe, A. & MacArthur, T.</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/estuary/multiling.htm">London: Multilingual Capital of the World</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a> (via <a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">ucl.ac.uk</a>) (<span class="mw-formatted-date" title="1999-03-29">29 maart 1999</span>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210424230055/https://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/estuary/multiling.htm">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2021-04-24">24 april 2021</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2005/jan/21/britishidentity1">Every race, colour, nation and religion on earth</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian_(Britse_krant)" title="The Guardian (Britse krant)">The Guardian</a></i>, 21 januari 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613043901/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=276743&c=London&d=13&e=13&g=325264&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1250928691333&enc=1&dsFamilyId=1812">Neighbourhood Statistics - Area: City of London (Local Authority)</a>, Office for National Statistics</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bevolking-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-bevolking_32-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statline.cbs.nl/StatWeb/publication/?DM=SLNL&PA=37259ned&D1=0,23&D2=0&D3=5-16&D4=0,10,20,30,40,l&HDR=T,G3&STB=G2,G1&VW=T">CBS</a> Bevolkingsontwikkeling Zuid-Holland 1960 - 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Religion_in_London-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Religion_in_London_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Religion_in_London_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Religion_in_London_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/H-A.asp#ethnic">Census 2001 - Profiles - LONDON</a>, Office for National Statistics</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.westminster-abbey.org/our-history/royals/coronations">Coronations</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-53164416">Khan proposes moving City Hall to cut costs</a>", <i>BBC News</i>, 24 June 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080223130636/http://www.gatewaysmoving.com/about_moving_to_london_england_uk.htm">Moving to London - History and general information</a>, Gateways Moving</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Policing-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Policing_37-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080121173357/http://www.london.gov.uk/gla/policing.jsp">"Policing"</a>, london.gov.uk</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120224003425/http://www.london-fire.gov.uk/WhoWeAre.asp">London Fire Brigade</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100125113249/http://www.londonambulance.nhs.uk/about_us/who_we_are.aspx">London Ambulance Service</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120530020332/http://www.emporis.com/city/london-unitedkingdom/all-buildings/highrise">Buildings in London</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emporis.com/application/?nav=building&lng=3&id=110714.">One Canada Square</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.londenbezienswaardigheden.nl/londen-bezienswaardigheden/london-tower-bridge.html">Bezienswaardigheden Londen</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160603150717/http://www.londenbezienswaardigheden.nl/londen-bezienswaardigheden/london-tower-bridge.html">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2016-06-03">3 juni 2016</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olympic.org/uk/news/media_centre/press_release_uk.asp?id=1410">IOC elects London as the Host City of the Games of the XXX Olympiad in 2012</a>, olympic.org, 6 juli 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/punk-d204">Punk</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-London_in_Literature-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-London_in_Literature_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-London_in_Literature_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brynmawr.edu/library/speccoll/guides/london/londoninliterature.shtml">London in Literature</a>. Bryn Mawr College. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200519155139/https://www.brynmawr.edu/library/speccoll/guides/london/londoninliterature.shtml">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2020-05-19">19 mei 2020</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091124135633/http://www.urbanpath.com/members/alpsboy/lists/michelin-star-restaurants-in-london">Michelin Star Restaurants in London- 2009</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-London_ranked_as_world's_six_largest_economy-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-London_ranked_as_world's_six_largest_economy_47-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080906101808/http://www.computing.co.uk/accountancyage/news/2184877/london-ranked-world-six-largest=">London ranked as world's six largest economy</a>. ITWeek (<span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2007-03-07">7 maart 2007</span>). Gearchiveerd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2008-09-06">6 september 2008</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Londeneconomie-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Londeneconomie_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Londeneconomie_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/2CAE66FB-2DD5-41A5-B916-8FFC37276059/0/BC_RS_lpuk_0511_FR.pdf">London's place in the UK economy, 2005–06</a> (PDF). City of London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120306153451/https://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/2CAE66FB-2DD5-41A5-B916-8FFC37276059/0/BC_RS_lpuk_0511_FR.pdf">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2012-03-06">6 maart 2012</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pla.co.uk/pdfs/pp/POLA_Reveiw_Final_design_C_11.pdf">Port of London Annual Review 2008</a> (PDF). Port of London Authority. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120220192137/https://www.pla.co.uk/pdfs/pp/POLA_Reveiw_Final_design_C_11.pdf">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2012-02-20">20 februari 2012</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.londonandpartners.com/media-centre/press-releases/2016/20160106-vc-barometer-q4">UK tech firms smash venture capital funding record</a> londonandpartners.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160422070349/http://www.masterintelligence.com/content/intelligence/en/research/reports/2015/mastercard-global-destination-cities-index-report-2015.html">Mastercard global destination cities</a> masterintelligence.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160422003211/http://www.londonandpartners.com/media-centre/press-releases/2016/070316-over-65-million-visits-to-london-attractions-in-2015">Over 65 million visits to London attractions</a> LondonandPartners.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150705134735/http://newsroom.mastercard.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/MasterCard-GDCI-2015-Final-Report1.pdf">Onderzoek uitgaven toeristen</a> mastercard.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110429055835/http://www.personneltoday.com/articles/2005/02/15/27958/london-is-the-hr-centre-of-opportunity-in-the-uk.html">London is the HR centre of opportunity in the UK</a> personneltoday.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-43417939">London's top tourist attractions see visitor numbers fall</a> bbc.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160330230605/http://www.londonandpartners.com/media-centre/press-releases/2015/20151118-london-sees-growth-in-hotel-development-as-new-properties-open-across-capital-for-2016">London and Partners Statistics</a> londonpartners.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20160105215837/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/ott/travel-trends/2013/sty.html">16.8m overseas visits to London in 2013</a> ons.gov.uk</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-58">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.volkskrant.nl/archief_gratis/article968717.ece/Congestieheffing_Londen_werkt">Congestieheffing Londen werkt</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britainexpress.com/London/taxis.htm">London by Taxi</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-passenger_traffic-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-passenger_traffic_60-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airports.org/cda/aci_common/display/main/aci_content07_c.jsp?zn=aci&cp=1-5-54-55_666_2__">Passenger Traffic 2006 FINAL</a>. <a href="/wiki/Airports_Council_International" title="Airports Council International">Airports Council International</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120429194226/http://www.airports.org:80/cda/aci_common/display/main/aci_content07_c.jsp?zn=aci&cp=1-5-54-55_666_2__">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2012-04-29">29 april 2012</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treinnaarlonden.nl">Trein naar Londen</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210302005108/http://www.treinnaarlonden.nl/">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2021-03-02">2 maart 2021</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.london.ac.uk/aboutus">About the University</a>. University of London (<span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2006-02-20">20 februari 2006</span>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170126204859/https://www.london.ac.uk/aboutus">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2017-01-26">26 januari 2017</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/education/article4910798.ece">Why University top 200 in full</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a> (<span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2008-10-09">9 oktober 2008</span>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111012093021/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/education/article4910798.ece">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2011-10-12">12 oktober 2011</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hospitals-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Hospitals_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hospitals_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/346821/London">Hospitals</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Volksgezondheid_in_de_19e_eeuw-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Volksgezondheid_in_de_19e_eeuw_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Volksgezondheid_in_de_19e_eeuw_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Volksgezondheid_in_de_19e_eeuw_65-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ntvg.nl/system/files/publications/2007128520001a.pdf">Verbetering van de volksgezondheid in Londen in de negentiende eeuw en de waarschijnlijk beperkte rol van het nieuwe rioolstelsel daarin</a>, Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2007; <b>151</b>:2852-6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/datablog/interactive/2009/jul/10/london-population-demographics-crime">London by numbers</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeout.com/london/features/2482/8.html#articleAfterMpu">London health survey 2007 <i>Life expectancy</i></a><sup><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Onbereikbare_externe_links" title="Wikipedia:Onbereikbare externe links">[dode link]</a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.investinscience.com/scienceheavens_company_profile.aspx?nHeavenId=14">Welcome to Invest In Science Ventures</a>. Investinscience.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402145120/http://www.investinscience.com/scienceheavens_company_profile.aspx?nHeavenId=14">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2015-04-02">2 april 2015</span>. </span></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Navigatie_Hanze" title="Sjabloon:Navigatie Hanze"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/nl:Overleg_sjabloon:Navigatie_Hanze" title="Overleg sjabloon"><img alt="Overleg sjabloon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Navigatie_Hanze&action=edit" title="Sjabloon bewerken"><img alt="Sjabloon bewerken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="Hanze" class="navigatie-titel"><a href="/wiki/Hanze" title="Hanze">Hanze</a></div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud mw-collapsible-content"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67785531">.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel{margin:0 auto 0 auto;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding-left:0.5em}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;width:100%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:unset}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding:unset}}</style><table class="navigatie-tabel vatop" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style=""><tbody><tr><td class="links" style=""><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Hanzestad" title="Hanzestad">Nederlandse Hanzesteden</a>:</b></span></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Arnhem" title="Arnhem">Arnhem</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bolsward" title="Bolsward">Bolsward</a> · <a href="/wiki/Deventer" title="Deventer">Deventer</a> · <a href="/wiki/Doesburg" title="Doesburg">Doesburg</a> · <a href="/wiki/Elburg_(stad)" title="Elburg (stad)">Elburg</a> · <a href="/wiki/Groningen_(stad)" title="Groningen (stad)">Groningen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Harderwijk_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Harderwijk (hoofdbetekenis)">Harderwijk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hasselt_(Overijssel)" title="Hasselt (Overijssel)">Hasselt</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hattem" title="Hattem">Hattem</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kampen_(stad)" title="Kampen (stad)">Kampen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nijmegen_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nijmegen (hoofdbetekenis)">Nijmegen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Oldenzaal" title="Oldenzaal">Oldenzaal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ommen_(stad)" title="Ommen (stad)">Ommen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Roermond_(stad)" title="Roermond (stad)">Roermond</a> · <a href="/wiki/Stavoren" title="Stavoren">Stavoren</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tiel" title="Tiel">Tiel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Venlo_(stad)" title="Venlo (stad)">Venlo</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zaltbommel_(stad)" title="Zaltbommel (stad)">Zaltbommel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zutphen_(stad)" title="Zutphen (stad)">Zutphen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zwolle_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zwolle (hoofdbetekenis)">Zwolle</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Hanzestad" title="Hanzestad">Overige Hanzesteden</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Anklam" title="Anklam">Anklam</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bergen_(Noorwegen)" title="Bergen (Noorwegen)">Bergen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Berlijn_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Berlijn (hoofdbetekenis)">Berlijn-Cölln</a> · <a href="/wiki/Braunschweig_(stad)" title="Braunschweig (stad)">Braunschweig</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bremen_(stad)" title="Bremen (stad)">Bremen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Brugge_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brugge (hoofdbetekenis)">Brugge</a> · <a href="/wiki/C%C4%93sis_(stad)" title="Cēsis (stad)">Cēsis</a> · <a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a> · <a href="/wiki/Duisburg_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Duisburg (hoofdbetekenis)">Duisburg</a> · <a href="/wiki/Erfurt_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Erfurt (hoofdbetekenis)">Erfurt</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gardelegen" title="Gardelegen">Gardelegen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Goslar_(stad)" title="Goslar (stad)">Goslar</a> · <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen_(stad)" title="Göttingen (stad)">Göttingen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Great_Yarmouth_(Engeland)" title="Great Yarmouth (Engeland)">Great Yarmouth</a> · <a href="/wiki/Greifswald" title="Greifswald">Greifswald</a> · <a href="/wiki/Halle_(Saale)" title="Halle (Saale)">Halle</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hamburg_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamburg (hoofdbetekenis)">Hamburg</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hamelen" title="Hamelen">Hamelen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hannover_(stad)" title="Hannover (stad)">Hannover</a> · <a href="/wiki/Havelberg" title="Havelberg">Havelberg</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hildesheim_(stad)" title="Hildesheim (stad)">Hildesheim</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kalkar" title="Kalkar">Kalkar</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a> · <a href="/wiki/Rijksstad_Keulen" title="Rijksstad Keulen">Keulen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kiel_(Duitsland)" title="Kiel (Duitsland)">Kiel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da_(stad)" title="Klaipėda (stad)">Klaipėda</a> · <a href="/wiki/Koningsbergen" title="Koningsbergen">Koningsbergen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kopenhagen_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kopenhagen (hoofdbetekenis)">Kopenhagen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Krakau_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Krakau (hoofdbetekenis)">Krakau</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kuld%C4%ABga" title="Kuldīga">Kuldīga</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Londen</a> · <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lübeck (hoofdbetekenis)">Lübeck</a> · <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCneburg_(stad)" title="Lüneburg (stad)">Lüneburg</a> · <a href="/wiki/Maagdenburg_(stad)" title="Maagdenburg (stad)">Maagdenburg</a> · <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_(stad)" title="Münster (stad)">Münster</a> · <a href="/wiki/Osnabr%C3%BCck" title="Osnabrück">Osnabrück</a> · <a href="/wiki/Osterburg_(Altmark)" title="Osterburg (Altmark)">Osterburg</a> · <a href="/wiki/Paderborn_(stad)" title="Paderborn (stad)">Paderborn</a> · <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4rnu" title="Pärnu">Pärnu</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pskov" title="Pskov">Pskov</a> · <a href="/wiki/Quedlinburg_(stad)" title="Quedlinburg (stad)">Quedlinburg</a> · <a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a> · <a href="/wiki/Rostock_(stad)" title="Rostock (stad)">Rostock</a> · <a href="/wiki/Salzwedel" title="Salzwedel">Salzwedel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Seehausen_(Altmark)" title="Seehausen (Altmark)">Seehausen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Stargard_(stad)" title="Stargard (stad)">Stargard</a> · <a href="/wiki/Stendal_(stad)" title="Stendal (stad)">Stendal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stockholm (hoofdbetekenis)">Stockholm</a> · <a href="/wiki/Stralsund" title="Stralsund">Stralsund</a> · <a href="/wiki/Szczecin" title="Szczecin">Szczecin</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tangerm%C3%BCnde" title="Tangermünde">Tangermünde</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartu</a> · <a href="/wiki/Toru%C5%84" title="Toruń">Toruń</a> · <a href="/wiki/Veliki_Novgorod" title="Veliki Novgorod">Novgorod</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ventspils_(stad)" title="Ventspils (stad)">Ventspils</a> · <a href="/wiki/Visby_(Zweden)" title="Visby (Zweden)">Visby</a> · <a href="/wiki/Werben_(Elbe)" title="Werben (Elbe)">Werben</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wismar" title="Wismar">Wismar</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Wrocław</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Hanzekantoor" title="Hanzekantoor">Hanzekantoren</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Bryggen" title="Bryggen">Bryggen (Bergen)</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hanzekantoor_van_Brugge" title="Hanzekantoor van Brugge">Hanzekantoor van Brugge</a> · <a href="/wiki/Peterhof_(Novgorod)" title="Peterhof (Novgorod)">Peterhof (Novgorod)</a> · <a href="/wiki/Stalhof" title="Stalhof">Stalhof (Londen)</a> · <a href="/wiki/Oostershuis" title="Oostershuis">Hanzekantoor van Antwerpen</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>Zie ook:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Hanzedagen" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanzedagen">Hanzedagen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hanzevlaggen" title="Hanzevlaggen">Hanzevlaggen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vitte" title="Vitte">Vitte</a> · <a href="/wiki/Greenwell%27s_Booth" title="Greenwell's Booth">Greenwell's Booth</a> · <a href="/wiki/Schra_van_Novgorod" title="Schra van Novgorod">Schra van Novgorod</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Hollands-Wendische_Oorlog" title="Hollands-Wendische Oorlog">Hollands-Wendische Oorlog</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vrede_van_Utrecht_(1474)" title="Vrede van Utrecht (1474)">Vrede van Utrecht</a> · <a href="/wiki/Simon_van_Utrecht" title="Simon van Utrecht">Simon van Utrecht</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <hr /> <p><b>Andere hanzen:</b> <a href="/wiki/Vlaamse_Hanze_van_Londen" title="Vlaamse Hanze van Londen">Vlaamse Hanze van Londen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hanze_der_XVII_steden" title="Hanze der XVII steden">Hanze der XVII steden</a> </p> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67837862" /> <div class="navigatie" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Hoofdsteden_in_Europa"> <div class="navigatie-afb-links noviewer"><div class="navigatie-bewerken show-autoconfirmed nomobile"><span class="nowrap skin-invert-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Navigatie_hoofdsteden_Europa" title="Sjabloon:Navigatie hoofdsteden Europa"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/nl:Overleg_sjabloon:Navigatie_hoofdsteden_Europa" title="Overleg sjabloon"><img alt="Overleg sjabloon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Navigatie_hoofdsteden_Europa&action=edit" title="Sjabloon bewerken"><img alt="Sjabloon bewerken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="Hoofdsteden_in_Europa" class="navigatie-titel">Hoofdsteden in <a href="/wiki/Europa_(werelddeel)" title="Europa (werelddeel)">Europa</a></div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67785531" /><table class="navigatie-tabel vatop" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style=""><tbody><tr><td class="links" style=""><b>Onafhankelijke staten:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Amsterdam (hoofdbetekenis)">Amsterdam</a> · <a href="/wiki/Andorra_la_Vella" title="Andorra la Vella">Andorra la Vella</a> · <a href="/wiki/Athene_(stad)" title="Athene (stad)">Athene</a> · <a href="/wiki/Belgrado" title="Belgrado">Belgrado</a> · <a href="/wiki/Berlijn_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Berlijn (hoofdbetekenis)">Berlijn</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bern_(stad)" title="Bern (stad)">Bern</a> · <a href="/wiki/Boedapest" title="Boedapest">Boedapest</a> · <a href="/wiki/Boekarest" title="Boekarest">Boekarest</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a> · <a href="/wiki/Brussel_(stad)" title="Brussel (stad)">Brussel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Chisinau" title="Chisinau">Chisinau</a> · <a href="/wiki/Dublin_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dublin (hoofdbetekenis)">Dublin</a> · <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kiev" title="Kiev">Kiev</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kopenhagen_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kopenhagen (hoofdbetekenis)">Kopenhagen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lissabon" title="Lissabon">Lissabon</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Londen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Luxemburg_(stad)" title="Luxemburg (stad)">Luxemburg</a> · <a href="/wiki/Madrid_(stad)" title="Madrid (stad)">Madrid</a> · <a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Monaco-Ville" class="mw-redirect" title="Monaco-Ville">Monaco-Ville</a> · <a href="/wiki/Moskou_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moskou (hoofdbetekenis)">Moskou</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nicosia_(Cyprus)" title="Nicosia (Cyprus)">Nicosia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Oslo_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oslo (hoofdbetekenis)">Oslo</a> · <a href="/wiki/Parijs_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parijs (hoofdbetekenis)">Parijs</a> · <a href="/wiki/Podgorica" title="Podgorica">Podgorica</a> · <a href="/wiki/Praag" title="Praag">Praag</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pristina" title="Pristina">Pristina</a> · <a href="/wiki/Reykjavik" title="Reykjavik">Reykjavik</a> · <a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a> · <a href="/wiki/Rome_(stad)" title="Rome (stad)">Rome</a> · <a href="/wiki/San_Marino_(stad)" title="San Marino (stad)">San Marino</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a> · <a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sofia_(stad)" title="Sofia (stad)">Sofia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stockholm (hoofdbetekenis)">Stockholm</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tirana_(stad)" title="Tirana (stad)">Tirana</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vaduz" title="Vaduz">Vaduz</a> · <a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vaticaanstad" title="Vaticaanstad">Vaticaanstad</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a> · <a href="/wiki/Warschau_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Warschau (hoofdbetekenis)">Warschau</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wenen" title="Wenen">Wenen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><span class="nowrap"><b>Afhankelijke gebieden:</b></span></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_(Man)" title="Douglas (Man)">Douglas</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibraltar (hoofdbetekenis)">Gibraltar</a> · <a 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