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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Description and analysis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Description_and_analysis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alternate_versions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alternate_versions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Alternate versions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Alternate_versions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Alternate versions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Alternate_versions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Constable-Hamilton_portrait" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Constable-Hamilton_portrait"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Constable-Hamilton portrait</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Constable-Hamilton_portrait-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Munro-Lenox_portrait" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Munro-Lenox_portrait"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Munro-Lenox portrait</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Munro-Lenox_portrait-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Painted_by_Gilbert_Stuart" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Painted_by_Gilbert_Stuart"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Painted by Gilbert Stuart</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Painted_by_Gilbert_Stuart-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Copies_painted_by_other_artists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Copies_painted_by_other_artists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Copies painted by other artists</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Copies_painted_by_other_artists-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Copies painted by other artists subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Copies_painted_by_other_artists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lansdowne_type" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lansdowne_type"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Lansdowne type</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lansdowne_type-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Munro-Lenox_type" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Munro-Lenox_type"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Munro-Lenox type</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Munro-Lenox_type-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Related works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lansdowne portrait</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrato_Lansdowne" title="Retrato Lansdowne – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Retrato Lansdowne" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington_(Lansdowne_Portrait)" title="George Washington (Lansdowne Portrait) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="George Washington (Lansdowne Portrait)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Լանսդաունյան դիմանկար – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լանսդաունյան դիմանկար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Лансдаунский портрет – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лансдаунский портрет" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Лансдаунський портрет – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лансдаунський портрет" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Painting by Gilbert Stuart</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width: 22em; line-height: 1.4em; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold;">Lansdowne portrait</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gilbert_Stuart_-_George_Washington_(Lansdowne_Portrait)_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Gilbert_Stuart_-_George_Washington_%28Lansdowne_Portrait%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/270px-Gilbert_Stuart_-_George_Washington_%28Lansdowne_Portrait%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="429" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Gilbert_Stuart_-_George_Washington_%28Lansdowne_Portrait%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/405px-Gilbert_Stuart_-_George_Washington_%28Lansdowne_Portrait%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Gilbert_Stuart_-_George_Washington_%28Lansdowne_Portrait%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/540px-Gilbert_Stuart_-_George_Washington_%28Lansdowne_Portrait%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6661" data-file-height="10582" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Artist</th><td class="infobox-data attendee"><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Stuart" title="Gilbert Stuart">Gilbert Stuart</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Year</th><td class="infobox-data">1796</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Medium</th><td class="infobox-data category">Oil on canvas</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Dimensions</th><td class="infobox-data">247.6 cm × 158.7 cm (97.5 in × 62.5 in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery_(United_States)" title="National Portrait Gallery (United States)">National Portrait Gallery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Lansdowne portrait</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Cultural_icon" title="Cultural icon">iconic</a> life-size portrait of <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> painted by <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Stuart" title="Gilbert Stuart">Gilbert Stuart</a> in 1796. It depicts the 64-year-old <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">president of the United States</a> during his final year in office. The portrait was a gift to former <a href="/wiki/British_Prime_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="British Prime Minister">British Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Petty,_2nd_Earl_of_Shelburne" title="William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne">William Petty, 1st Marquess of Lansdowne</a>, and spent more than 170 years in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>. </p><p>Stuart painted three copies of the Lansdowne, and five portraits that were closely related to it.<sup id="cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lansdowne-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 175">: 175 </span></sup> His most famous copy has hung in the <a href="/wiki/East_Room" title="East Room">East Room</a> of the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> since 1800. Numerous other artists also painted copies. <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Parke_Custis" title="George Washington Parke Custis">George Washington Parke Custis</a>, Mrs. James (Dolley) Madison and others saved the White House copy from burning in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2001, to preclude the original portrait's imminent sale by Lord Harry Delancy at his auction at <a href="/wiki/Sotheby%27s" title="Sotheby's">Sotheby's</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a>'s <a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery_(United_States)" title="National Portrait Gallery (United States)">National Portrait Gallery</a> in Washington, D.C. purchased it for $20 million with donations from the <a href="/wiki/Donald_W._Reynolds_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald W. Reynolds Foundation">Donald W. Reynolds Foundation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kilian_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kilian-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The painting has been owned by Americans and Englishmen since 1796. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jay_Treaty">Jay Treaty</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lansdowne_portrait&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Jay Treaty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Lansdowne portrait likely (and fancifully) depicts President Washington's December 7, 1795 annual address to the <a href="/wiki/4th_United_States_Congress" title="4th United States Congress">Fourth U.S. Congress</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lansdowne-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 172">: 172 </span></sup> The highly unpopular <a href="/wiki/Jay_Treaty" title="Jay Treaty">Jay Treaty</a>, settling claims between the United States and Great Britain left over from the Revolutionary War, had been presented to the U.S. Senate for approval earlier in the year. The Senate held a special session to debate the treaty in June, at which opposition to it had been fierce. Only two-thirds of the 30 senators (the minimum required under the U.S. Constitution) approved the treaty in mid-August, and Washington, who strongly supported the treaty, signed it in late August.<sup id="cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lansdowne-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 172">: 172 </span></sup> In his annual address, delivered to Congress on opening day of its next session, the President acknowledged the struggle over the Jay Treaty, and called for unity.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was lingering resentment in the House of Representatives, which expressed its displeasure by declining to appropriate funding for the treaty's implementation until April 1796.<sup id="cite_ref-Miles_lecture_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miles_lecture-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In England, the Lansdowne portrait was celebrated as Washington's endorsement of the Jay Treaty: </p> <blockquote><p>The portrait presented by the President  [<i><a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a></i>] to the Marquis of Lansdowne is one of the finest pictures we have seen since the death of Reynolds. The dress he wears is plain black velvet; he has his sword on, upon the hilt of which one hand rests while the other is extended, as the figure is standing and addressing the Hall of Assembly. The point of time is that when he recommended inviolable union between America and Great Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Washington's December 7, 1795 address was the last that he delivered to Congress <i>in person</i>. The following year the President published his <a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_Farewell_Address" title="George Washington's Farewell Address">Farewell Address</a> in the newspapers, rather than delivering it to Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lansdowne-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 172">: 172 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stuart">Stuart</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lansdowne_portrait&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Stuart"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Stuart" title="Gilbert Stuart">Gilbert Stuart</a> and his family were <a href="/wiki/Loyalist_(American_Revolution)" title="Loyalist (American Revolution)">Loyalists</a>, and moved from Rhode Island to Canada early in the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">Revolutionary War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NGA_2010_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NGA_2010-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stuart himself lived and painted in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> from 1775 to 1787, and in <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> from 1787 to 1793.<sup id="cite_ref-NGA_2010_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NGA_2010-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following almost eighteen years abroad, the artist returned to the United States in early 1793.<sup id="cite_ref-NGA_2010_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NGA_2010-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/William_Petty,_2nd_Earl_of_Shelburne" title="William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne">Lord Lansdowne</a> – who as <a href="/wiki/British_Prime_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="British Prime Minister">British Prime Minister</a> had secured a peaceful end to the War – commissioned Stuart to paint a portrait of George Washington.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lansdowne may have placed the order prior to the artist's 1793 departure for the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnston_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnston-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 80–81">: 80–81 </span></sup> Stuart lived and worked in New York City for a year and a half before moving to Philadelphia in November 1794.<sup id="cite_ref-Zygmont_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zygmont-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He informed his uncle in Philadelphia of his upcoming arrival: "The object of my journey is only to secure a picture of the President, & finish yours."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> served as the temporary national capital from 1790 to 1800 – while Washington, D.C. was under construction. Stuart was introduced to the President in December 1794, at one of Mrs. Washington's <a href="/wiki/President%27s_House_(Philadelphia)" title="President's House (Philadelphia)">Friday evening "drawingrooms."</a><sup id="cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lansdowne-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 133">: 133 </span></sup> But it was not until the following fall that Washington granted him a sitting. Meanwhile, Stuart gathered orders for portraits—among his papers is a document titled: "A list of gentlemen who are to have copies of the portrait of the President of the United States." and dated: "Philadelphia. April 20th, 1795."<sup id="cite_ref-Mason_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mason-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 87–88">: 87–88 </span></sup> Lord Lansdowne's name was third on the list of thirty-two subscribers.<sup id="cite_ref-Mason_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mason-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 87">: 87 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sittings">Sittings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lansdowne_portrait&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Sittings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Rembrandt_Peale" title="Rembrandt Peale">Rembrandt Peale</a>, President Washington granted a single joint sitting to Stuart and him "in the Autumn of 1795."<sup id="cite_ref-Mason_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mason-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 88">: 88 </span></sup> Stuart was not wholly satisfied with the resulting head-and-bust portrait, but still painted between twelve and sixteen copies of it.<sup id="cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lansdowne-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 135">: 135 </span></sup> Now known as the "Vaughan-style" portraits,<sup id="cite_ref-Mason_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mason-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 88">: 88 </span></sup> the original of these is in the <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Art" title="National Gallery of Art">National Gallery of Art</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While visiting London a decade earlier, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Bingham" title="William Bingham">William Bingham</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> and his wife, Anne Willing Bingham, had sat for a family portrait by Stuart (unlocated).<sup id="cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lansdowne-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 198">: 198 </span></sup> The artist seems to have approached Mrs. Bingham for assistance in getting the President to grant him another sitting:<sup id="cite_ref-Mason_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mason-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 91">: 91 </span></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Mr. Stuart, Chestnut Street.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd>Sir</dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd>— I am under promise to Mrs. Bingham to set for you to-morrow at nine o'clock, and wishing to know if it be convenient to you that should do so, whether it shall be at your own house (as she talked of the State House) I send this note to you to ask information.</dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd>I am Sir, Your</dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd>obedient Serv<sup>t</sup></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd>Ge<sup>o</sup>.</dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd>WASHINGTON.</dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Monday Evening, 11th Ap<sup>r</sup> 1796.<sup id="cite_ref-Mason_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mason-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 88–89">: 88–89 </span></sup></dd></dl></dd></dl></blockquote> <p>According to Rembrandt Peale, this was the only sitting Washington granted for the Lansdowne portrait.<sup id="cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lansdowne-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 168">: 168 </span></sup> It took place at Stuart's studio (and lodgings) in the William Moore Smith house, at the southeast corner of 5th & Chestnut Streets.<sup id="cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lansdowne-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 168">: 168 </span></sup> With severely limited time, Stuart was forced to concentrate on the President's head and face.<sup id="cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lansdowne-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 168">: 168 </span></sup> There are multiple claims as to who posed for the body of the figure, including his landlord, Smith.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stuart began the portrait in Philadelphia and completed it in <a href="/wiki/Germantown,_Philadelphia" title="Germantown, Philadelphia">Germantown</a>, then some 8 miles (13 km) outside the city.<sup id="cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lansdowne-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 130–31">: 130–31 </span></sup> To avoid distractions, the artist rented a Germantown house in Summer 1796 and set up a studio on the second floor of its stable.<sup id="cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lansdowne-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 165–66">: 165–66 </span></sup> The Binghams had enjoyed Lord Lansdowne's hospitality in London, and persuaded Stuart to allow them to pay for the portrait.<sup id="cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lansdowne-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 166, 168">: 166, 168 </span></sup> Stuart completed the Lansdowne portrait by the fall of 1796, and Senator Bingham paid his fee of $1,000.<sup id="cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lansdowne-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 170">: 170 </span></sup> Bingham had an ornate frame made for the portrait, and arranged for it to be shipped to England in late November. Lord Lansdowne had received the portrait by March 5, 1797, when he mentioned it in a letter.<sup id="cite_ref-Mason_12-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mason-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 92">: 92 </span></sup> Lansdowne's letter of thanks to Mrs. Bingham survives, but is undated: </p> <blockquote><p>A very fine portrait of the greatest man living in a magnificent frame found its way into my hall, with no one thing left for me to do regarding it, except to thank the amiable donor of it. It is universally approv'd and admir'd, and I see with satisfaction, that there is no one who does not turn away from every thing else, to pay their homage to General Washington. Among many circumstances which contribute to enhance the value of it, I shall always consider the quarter from whence it comes as most flattering, & I look forward with the greatest pleasure to the time of shewing you and Mr. Bingham where I have plac'd it.<sup id="cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lansdowne-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 170">: 170 </span></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Copies">Copies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lansdowne_portrait&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Copies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stuart's first copy of the portrait was for the Binghams (now at the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Academy_of_the_Fine_Arts" title="Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts">Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts</a>), and would have been completed before the original left his studio in late 1796.<sup id="cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lansdowne-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The President and First Lady visited Germantown on January 7, 1797: "Road [rode] to German Town with Mrs. Washington to see Mr. Stuarts paintings."<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Bingham copy was still in the studio on July 27, 1797, when Robert Gilmor Jr. viewed it.<sup id="cite_ref-Gilmor_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gilmor-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The William Kerin Constable copy (now at the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum" title="Brooklyn Museum">Brooklyn Museum</a>) was completed that same month.<sup id="cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lansdowne-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 178">: 178 </span></sup> The Gardiner Baker copy (now at the White House) is presumed to have been the copy commissioned by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Cotesworth_Pinckney" title="Charles Cotesworth Pinckney">Charles Cotesworth Pinckney</a> in September 1796, likely as a diplomatic gift to France.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pinckney paid for but never retrieved his copy of the portrait from Stuart's studio, and the artist seems to have resold it to Baker by December 1797.<sup id="cite_ref-Stretch_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stretch-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Provenance">Provenance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lansdowne_portrait&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Provenance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <blockquote><p>After the death of Lord Lansdowne, his pictures were sold by auction. The <i>Washington</i> was purchased by Samuel Williams, an English  [<i><a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a></i>] merchant, for $2,000. Williams subsequently became insolvent, and his creditors disposed of the <i>Washington</i> by a lottery. Forty tickets were sold, at fifty guineas each. The picture fell to Mr. J. Delaware Lewis, a nephew of Mr. William D. Lewis, of Philadelphia. But few Americans had ever seen the picture, and Mr. William D. Lewis, who was Chairman of the Committee on Art, obtained the loan of it from his nephew for the <a href="/wiki/1876_Centennial_Exposition" class="mw-redirect" title="1876 Centennial Exposition">Centennial Exhibition</a>. It was sent out with the loan collection from England, unpacked at <a href="/wiki/Memorial_Hall_(Philadelphia)" title="Memorial Hall (Philadelphia)">Memorial Hall</a>, and hung up in the British section before its arrival was known to the Fine Arts Committee. An effort was subsequently made to have it transferred to the American section, but it was unsuccessful. At the close of the Exhibition, it was returned to its owner in England.<sup id="cite_ref-Mason_12-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mason-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 13">: 13 </span></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chronology">Chronology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lansdowne_portrait&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Chronology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1796 – Painted by Gilbert Stuart.</li> <li>1797 – Presented by Senator William Bingham and his wife Anne Willing Bingham as a gift to William Petty, the first Marquis of Lansdowne (died 1805).</li> <li>1806 – Purchased in March, at the sale of the Marquis's estate by Samuel Williams, an American merchant living in England.<sup id="cite_ref-Provenance_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Provenance-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1827 – Purchased through lottery by John Delaware Lewis (1774–1841), an American merchant living in England.<sup id="cite_ref-Provenance_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Provenance-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1841 – Inherited by <a href="/wiki/John_Delaware_Lewis" title="John Delaware Lewis">John Delaware Lewis</a> Jr. (1828–1884), son of the American and later a British Member of Parliament<sup id="cite_ref-Provenance_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Provenance-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1876 – Exhibited at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia.</li> <li>1884 – Inherited by Herman LeRoy Lewis.<sup id="cite_ref-Provenance_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Provenance-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1889 – Purchased by <a href="/wiki/Lord_Rosebery" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Rosebery">Archibald Philip Primrose, fifth Earl of Rosebery</a>; by family descent to Lord Harry Dalmeny.<sup id="cite_ref-Provenance_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Provenance-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1968 – Placed on long-term loan to the National Portrait Gallery.<sup id="cite_ref-NGA_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NGA-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2001 – Purchased by the National Portrait Gallery, with $20 million from <a href="/wiki/The_Donald_W._Reynolds_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="The Donald W. Reynolds Foundation">The Donald W. Reynolds Foundation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kilian_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kilian-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Foundation donated an additional $10 million to renovate the National Portrait Gallery and to fund a traveling exhibition of the portrait.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description_and_analysis">Description and analysis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lansdowne_portrait&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Description and analysis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lansdowne_portrait_table_leg.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Lansdowne_portrait_table_leg.png/140px-Lansdowne_portrait_table_leg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Lansdowne_portrait_table_leg.png/210px-Lansdowne_portrait_table_leg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Lansdowne_portrait_table_leg.png 2x" data-file-width="275" data-file-height="438" /></a><figcaption>The table leg may have been inspired by a wooden <a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_mace" title="Ceremonial mace">ceremonial mace</a> used by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> (the U.S. House symbol was itself inspired by the Roman <i><a href="/wiki/Fasces" title="Fasces">fasces</a></i>). The House mace was a bundle of tied reeds topped with a <a href="/wiki/Bald_eagle" title="Bald eagle">bald eagle</a>, an American symbol.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gilbert_Stuart_-_George_Washington_(detail_of_book_labels)_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Gilbert_Stuart_-_George_Washington_%28detail_of_book_labels%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Gilbert_Stuart_-_George_Washington_%28detail_of_book_labels%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Gilbert_Stuart_-_George_Washington_%28detail_of_book_labels%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Gilbert_Stuart_-_George_Washington_%28detail_of_book_labels%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Gilbert_Stuart_-_George_Washington_%28detail_of_book_labels%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-Gilbert_Stuart_-_George_Washington_%28detail_of_book_labels%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6944" data-file-height="6160" /></a><figcaption>Detail of the book bindings in the White House's copy of the Lansdowne portrait. "UNITED STATES" is spelled as "UNITED SATES" to distinguish the copy.</figcaption></figure> <p>The painting is full of symbolism, drawn from American and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">ancient Roman</a> symbols of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a>. Stuart painted Washington from life, showing him standing up, dressed in a black <a href="/wiki/Velvet" title="Velvet">velvet</a> suit with an outstretched hand held up in an <a href="/wiki/Eloquence" title="Eloquence">oratorical</a> manner. Behind Washington is a row of two <a href="/wiki/Doric_column" class="mw-redirect" title="Doric column">Doric columns</a>, with another row to the left. Wrapped around and between the columns are red tasseled drapes. </p><p>Washington's suit is plain and simple, and the <a href="/wiki/Sword" title="Sword">sword</a> he holds on his left side is a dress sword and not a battle sword (symbolizing a <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democratic</a> <a href="/wiki/Form_of_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Form of government">form of government</a>, rather than a <a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">monarchy</a> or <a href="/wiki/Military_dictatorship" title="Military dictatorship">military dictatorship</a>). In the sky, storm clouds appear on the left while a <a href="/wiki/Rainbow" title="Rainbow">rainbow</a> appears on the right, signifying the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a> giving way to the peace and prosperity of the new <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> after the 1783 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris</a>. The medallion at the top of the chair shows the red, white, and blue colors of the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States" title="Flag of the United States">American flag</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lansdowne_portrait_rainbow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Lansdowne_portrait_rainbow.jpg/220px-Lansdowne_portrait_rainbow.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Lansdowne_portrait_rainbow.jpg/330px-Lansdowne_portrait_rainbow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Lansdowne_portrait_rainbow.jpg/440px-Lansdowne_portrait_rainbow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1342" data-file-height="1784" /></a><figcaption>Detail of the rainbow in the Lansdowne portrait. Note that the colors of the rainbow are reversed, similar to the secondary arc of a <a href="/wiki/Rainbow#Double_rainbows" title="Rainbow">double rainbow</a> but with no visible primary rainbow.</figcaption></figure> <p>On and under the tablecloth-draped table to the left are two <a href="/wiki/Book" title="Book">books</a>: <i>Federalist</i>—probably a reference to the <i><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Papers" class="mw-redirect" title="Federalist Papers">Federalist Papers</a></i>—and <i>Journal of Congress</i>—the <i><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Record" title="Congressional Record">Congressional Record</a></i>. Another five books are under the table: the three to the right are <i>General Orders</i>, <i>American Revolution</i>, and <i>Constitutional Bylaws</i>—symbolizing Washington's leadership as <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">commander-in-chief</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> and <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Continental_Congress" title="President of the Continental Congress">president</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia Convention">Constitutional Convention</a>. </p><p>The pen and paper on the table signify the <a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">rule of law</a>. The table's leg is carved as a <a href="/wiki/Fasces" title="Fasces">fasces</a>, a bundle of bound wooden rods that symbolized imperial <a href="/wiki/Power_(sociology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Power (sociology)">power</a> and <a href="/wiki/Authority" title="Authority">authority</a> in ancient Rome. On the table is a <a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</a> <a href="/wiki/Inkwell" title="Inkwell">inkwell</a>, emblazed with <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_Arms_of_George_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat of Arms of George Washington">George Washington's coat of arms</a>, which alludes to his signing of the Jay Treaty.<sup id="cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lansdowne-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 172">: 172 </span></sup> A white <a href="/wiki/Quill" title="Quill">quill</a> rests upon silver <a href="/wiki/Dog" title="Dog">dogs</a>, ancient symbols of <a href="/wiki/Loyalty" title="Loyalty">loyalty</a>. Behind these on the table is the President's large black <a href="/wiki/Hat" title="Hat">hat</a>. </p><p>Washington's unusually clenched <a href="/wiki/Facial_expression" title="Facial expression">facial expression</a> comes from his famous <a href="/wiki/Dentures" title="Dentures">false teeth</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jean-Antoine_Houdon" title="Jean-Antoine Houdon">Jean-Antoine Houdon</a>'s marble <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Houdon)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Washington (Houdon)">sculpture of Washington</a> shows a more natural expression. Stuart wrote: "When I painted him [Washington], he had just had a set of false teeth inserted, which accounts for the constrained expression so noticeable about the mouth and lower part of the face ... Houdon's <a href="/wiki/Bust_(sculpture)" title="Bust (sculpture)">bust</a> does not suffer from this defect." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alternate_versions">Alternate versions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lansdowne_portrait&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Alternate versions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Constable-Hamilton_portrait">Constable-Hamilton portrait</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lansdowne_portrait&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Constable-Hamilton portrait"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Constable-Hamilton_Portrait)" title="George Washington (Constable-Hamilton Portrait)">George Washington (Constable-Hamilton Portrait)</a></div> <p>Stuart painted a 1797 seated portrait of Washington, based on the Lansdowne. William Kerin Constable, who commissioned the Lansdowne copy now at the Brooklyn Museum, also commissioned the seated version.<sup id="cite_ref-Mason_12-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mason-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 98">: 98 </span></sup> Constable presented it to <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Alexander Hamilton</a> in 1797.<sup id="cite_ref-Mason_12-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mason-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 98">: 98 </span></sup> The portrait remained in the Hamilton family until 1896, when it was bequeathed to the <a href="/wiki/Lenox_Library_(New_York_City)" title="Lenox Library (New York City)">Lenox Library</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CBMAA_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBMAA-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Lenox Library later merged with the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library" title="New York Public Library">New York Public Library</a>. The portrait was auctioned at Sotheby's NY, 30 November 2005, lot 3, and sold for $8,136,000.<sup id="cite_ref-Constable_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Constable-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Constable-Hamilton Portrait is now in the collection of the <a href="/wiki/Crystal_Bridges_Museum_of_American_Art" title="Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art">Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Bentonville,_Arkansas" title="Bentonville, Arkansas">Bentonville, Arkansas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CBMAA_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBMAA-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Munro-Lenox_portrait">Munro-Lenox portrait</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lansdowne_portrait&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Munro-Lenox portrait"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Munro-Lenox_Portrait_from_NYPL.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Munro-Lenox_Portrait_from_NYPL.jpg/220px-Munro-Lenox_Portrait_from_NYPL.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Munro-Lenox_Portrait_from_NYPL.jpg/330px-Munro-Lenox_Portrait_from_NYPL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Munro-Lenox_Portrait_from_NYPL.jpg/440px-Munro-Lenox_Portrait_from_NYPL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>1797 Portrait by <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Stuart" title="Gilbert Stuart">Gilbert Stuart</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Stuart made several changes for the Munro-Lenox portrait (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>1800):<sup id="cite_ref-SIRIS_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIRIS-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Washington's head is slightly turned, and his hand is on the table, rather than gesturing into the air. The President looks directly at the viewer, rather than off to the side, which makes it a more compelling image than the Lansdowne.<sup id="cite_ref-Miles_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miles-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The head appears to be based on Stuart's Athenaeum portrait (the image on the one-dollar bill).<sup id="cite_ref-Miles_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miles-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The wall behind the President is lowered, allowing for a more dramatic scene of the sun breaking through the storm clouds. After 135 years of ownership by the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library" title="New York Public Library">New York Public Library</a>, the Munro-Lenox portrait was deassessioned and offered for auction in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-Sotheby's_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sotheby's-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It failed to sell at auction, and was sold in a private sale for an undisclosed amount to Michael and Judy Steinhardt.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stuart painted three full-size copies of the Munro-Lenox Portrait, one for the Connecticut State House in <a href="/wiki/Hartford,_Connecticut" title="Hartford, Connecticut">Hartford</a>; and two for Rhode Island—one for the State House in <a href="/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="Providence, Rhode Island">Providence</a>, and the other for <a href="/wiki/Old_Colony_House" title="Old Colony House">Old Colony House</a> in <a href="/wiki/Newport,_Rhode_Island" title="Newport, Rhode Island">Newport</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Miles_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miles-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Painted_by_Gilbert_Stuart">Painted by Gilbert Stuart</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lansdowne_portrait&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Painted by Gilbert Stuart"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="5%">Type </th> <th width="18%">Collection </th> <th width="7%">Image </th> <th width="10%">Artist </th> <th width="8%">Completed </th> <th width="6%">Medium </th> <th width="10%">Dimensions </th> <th width="36%">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="background:#C80815"><b>Lansdowne type</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Original </td> <td>Lansdowne portrait<sup id="cite_ref-NGA_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NGA-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />National Portrait Gallery,<br />Washington, D.C. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gilbert_Stuart_-_George_Washington_(Lansdowne_Portrait)_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Gilbert_Stuart_-_George_Washington_%28Lansdowne_Portrait%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/100px-Gilbert_Stuart_-_George_Washington_%28Lansdowne_Portrait%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Gilbert_Stuart_-_George_Washington_%28Lansdowne_Portrait%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/150px-Gilbert_Stuart_-_George_Washington_%28Lansdowne_Portrait%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Gilbert_Stuart_-_George_Washington_%28Lansdowne_Portrait%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/200px-Gilbert_Stuart_-_George_Washington_%28Lansdowne_Portrait%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6661" data-file-height="10582" /></a></span> </td> <td>Gilbert Stuart </td> <td>Fall 1796 </td> <td>oil on canvas </td> <td>247.6 cm x 158.7 cm<br />(97 1/2 x 62 1/2 in) </td> <td>Begun April 12, 1796<br />Unsigned & undated<br />Placed on long-term loan to the National Portrait Gallery, 1968<br />Purchased by the National Portrait Gallery, 2001 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Copy </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Academy_of_the_Fine_Arts" title="Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts">Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Philadelphia, Pennsylvania </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pennsylvania_Academy_of_Fine_Arts_-_Washington_Foyer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Pennsylvania_Academy_of_Fine_Arts_-_Washington_Foyer.jpg/100px-Pennsylvania_Academy_of_Fine_Arts_-_Washington_Foyer.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Pennsylvania_Academy_of_Fine_Arts_-_Washington_Foyer.jpg/150px-Pennsylvania_Academy_of_Fine_Arts_-_Washington_Foyer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Pennsylvania_Academy_of_Fine_Arts_-_Washington_Foyer.jpg/200px-Pennsylvania_Academy_of_Fine_Arts_-_Washington_Foyer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3712" data-file-height="2175" /></a></span><br /><small>at far left</small> </td> <td>Gilbert Stuart </td> <td>by November 1796 </td> <td>oil on canvas </td> <td>243.8 cm x 152.4 cm<br />(96 in x 60 in) </td> <td>Commissioned by Senator William Bingham<br />Signed & dated: "G. Stuart, 1796"<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br />Present in Stuart's <a href="/wiki/Germantown,_Philadelphia" title="Germantown, Philadelphia">Germantown</a> studio, July 1797<sup id="cite_ref-Gilmor_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gilmor-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />1811 bequest by Bingham to PAFA<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Copy </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum" title="Brooklyn Museum">Brooklyn Museum</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-BrooklynMuseum_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BrooklynMuseum-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Brooklyn, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gilbert_Stuart_-_George_Washington_-_Google_Art_Project_(6966745)FXD.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Gilbert_Stuart_-_George_Washington_-_Google_Art_Project_%286966745%29FXD.jpg/100px-Gilbert_Stuart_-_George_Washington_-_Google_Art_Project_%286966745%29FXD.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Gilbert_Stuart_-_George_Washington_-_Google_Art_Project_%286966745%29FXD.jpg/150px-Gilbert_Stuart_-_George_Washington_-_Google_Art_Project_%286966745%29FXD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Gilbert_Stuart_-_George_Washington_-_Google_Art_Project_%286966745%29FXD.jpg/200px-Gilbert_Stuart_-_George_Washington_-_Google_Art_Project_%286966745%29FXD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1726" data-file-height="2768" /></a></span> </td> <td>Gilbert Stuart </td> <td>July 1797 </td> <td>oil on canvas </td> <td>244.5 cm x 153 cm<br />(96 1/4 in x 60 1/4 in) </td> <td>Commissioned by William Kerin Constable.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Unsigned & undated<br />Constable paid Stuart $500 for "one [portrait] of the late President of the United States at full length." Constable's receipt from Stuart is signed and dated "Philadelphia. 13 July 1797."<sup id="cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lansdowne-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 178">: 178 </span></sup><br />1945 museum purchase<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Copy </td> <td><a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Room" title="East Room">East Room</a>,<br />Washington, D.C. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gilbert_Stuart_-_George_Washington_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Gilbert_Stuart_-_George_Washington_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/100px-Gilbert_Stuart_-_George_Washington_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Gilbert_Stuart_-_George_Washington_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/150px-Gilbert_Stuart_-_George_Washington_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Gilbert_Stuart_-_George_Washington_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/200px-Gilbert_Stuart_-_George_Washington_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="18721" data-file-height="30000" /></a></span> </td> <td>Gilbert Stuart (and<br />William Winstanley?)<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>by December 1797 </td> <td>oil on canvas </td> <td>241.3 cm x 151.9 cm<br />(95 in x 59 3/4 in) </td> <td>Probably commissioned by Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, September 1796, as a diplomatic gift to France.<sup id="cite_ref-Miles_lecture_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miles_lecture-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Unsigned & undated<br />Purchased from Stuart by Gardiner Baker for $500, by December 1797.<sup id="cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lansdowne-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 181">: 181 </span></sup><br />Exhibited at Tammany Society Museum, New York City, February 1798.<sup id="cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lansdowne-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 181">: 181 </span></sup><br />Purchased for the White House for $800, July 1800.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnston_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnston-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 88">: 88 </span></sup><br />Rescued by First Lady <a href="/wiki/Dolley_Madison" title="Dolley Madison">Dolley Madison</a> prior to the August 24, 1814 <a href="/wiki/Burning_of_Washington#White_House" title="Burning of Washington">burning of the White House</a> by the British.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="background:#C80815"><b>Constable-Hamilton type</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Original </td> <td>Constable-Hamilton Portrait<sup id="cite_ref-CBMAA_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBMAA-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Bridges_Museum_of_American_Art" title="Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art">Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art</a>,<br />Bentonville, Arkansas </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stuart-george-washington-constable-1797.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Stuart-george-washington-constable-1797.jpg/100px-Stuart-george-washington-constable-1797.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Stuart-george-washington-constable-1797.jpg/150px-Stuart-george-washington-constable-1797.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Stuart-george-washington-constable-1797.jpg/200px-Stuart-george-washington-constable-1797.jpg 2x" data-file-width="845" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span> </td> <td>Gilbert Stuart </td> <td>July 1797 </td> <td>oil on canvas </td> <td>127 cm x 101.6 cm<br />(50 in x 40 in) </td> <td>Commissioned by William Kerin Constable, as a gift to Alexander Hamilton.<sup id="cite_ref-CBMAA_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBMAA-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Constable paid $250 for the "half-length" portrait. His receipt from Stuart is signed and dated "Philadelphia. 13 July 1797."<sup id="cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lansdowne-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 178">: 178 </span></sup><br />1896 bequest to the Lenox Library (later merged with New York Public Library)<sup id="cite_ref-CBMAA_24-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBMAA-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Ex collection: Lenox Library<br />Ex collection:New York Public Library<br />Auctioned at Sotheby's NY, 30 November 2005, Lot 3.<sup id="cite_ref-Constable_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Constable-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="background:#C80815"><b>Munro-Lenox type</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Original </td> <td>Munro-Lenox Portrait<sup id="cite_ref-SIRIS_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIRIS-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Private collection </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Munro-Lenox_Portrait_from_NYPL.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Munro-Lenox_Portrait_from_NYPL.jpg/100px-Munro-Lenox_Portrait_from_NYPL.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Munro-Lenox_Portrait_from_NYPL.jpg/150px-Munro-Lenox_Portrait_from_NYPL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Munro-Lenox_Portrait_from_NYPL.jpg/200px-Munro-Lenox_Portrait_from_NYPL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> </td> <td>Gilbert Stuart </td> <td><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>1800 </td> <td>oil on canvas </td> <td>241.3 cm x 162.6 cm<br />(95 in x 64 in) </td> <td>Commissioned by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Jay_Munro" title="Peter Jay Munro">Peter Jay Munro</a><br />Signed "G. St." (on table leg), undated<br />Donated to the Lenox Library, 1870.<br />Ex collection: Lenox Library<br />Ex collection: New York Public Library<br />Auctioned at Sotheby's NY, 30 November 2005, Lot 5.<sup id="cite_ref-Sotheby's_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sotheby's-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Copy </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Old_State_House_(Connecticut)" title="Old State House (Connecticut)">Old State House</a>,<br />Connecticut State Library Museum,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Hartford,_Connecticut" title="Hartford, Connecticut">Hartford, Connecticut</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lansdowne_portrait_of_Washington_in_the_Old_State_House,_Hartford_Connecticut.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Lansdowne_portrait_of_Washington_in_the_Old_State_House%2C_Hartford_Connecticut.jpg/100px-Lansdowne_portrait_of_Washington_in_the_Old_State_House%2C_Hartford_Connecticut.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Lansdowne_portrait_of_Washington_in_the_Old_State_House%2C_Hartford_Connecticut.jpg/150px-Lansdowne_portrait_of_Washington_in_the_Old_State_House%2C_Hartford_Connecticut.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Lansdowne_portrait_of_Washington_in_the_Old_State_House%2C_Hartford_Connecticut.jpg/200px-Lansdowne_portrait_of_Washington_in_the_Old_State_House%2C_Hartford_Connecticut.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2211" data-file-height="3600" /></a></span> </td> <td>Gilbert Stuart </td> <td>April 1801 </td> <td>oil on canvas </td> <td>240.4 cm x 146.1 cm<br />(94 5/8 in x 57 1/2 in) </td> <td>Commissioned by the <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_General_Assembly" title="Connecticut General Assembly">Connecticut General Assembly</a>, May 1800.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnston_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnston-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 90">: 90 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Connecticut paid $600 for the portrait. The receipt, signed by Stuart and dated 4 April 1801, is in the Connecticut State Archives.<sup id="cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lansdowne-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 189–90">: 189–90 </span></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Copy </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_State_House" title="Rhode Island State House">Rhode Island State House</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />State Reception Room, <br /><a href="/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="Providence, Rhode Island">Providence, Rhode Island</a>. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:State_Reception_Room,_Rhode_Island_State_House.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/State_Reception_Room%2C_Rhode_Island_State_House.jpg/100px-State_Reception_Room%2C_Rhode_Island_State_House.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/State_Reception_Room%2C_Rhode_Island_State_House.jpg/150px-State_Reception_Room%2C_Rhode_Island_State_House.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/State_Reception_Room%2C_Rhode_Island_State_House.jpg/200px-State_Reception_Room%2C_Rhode_Island_State_House.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1985" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span> </td> <td>Gilbert Stuart </td> <td>by October 1801 </td> <td>oil on canvas </td> <td><br />(96 in x 60 in) </td> <td>Rhode Island had statehouses in both Providence and Newport (until 1901). The <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_General_Assembly" title="Rhode Island General Assembly">Rhode Island General Assembly</a> commissioned 2 copies of the Munro-Lenox portrait in 1800, one for each statehouse.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnston_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnston-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 89">: 89 </span></sup><br />The elaborate wooden frame was carved and gilded by Martin Jugiez, a Philadelphia carver.<sup id="cite_ref-Miles_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miles-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Both portraits (and their ornate frames) were transported by ship from Philadelphia, and arrived at Newport in October 1801.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Copy </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Old_Colony_House" title="Old Colony House">Old Colony House</a> (formerly<br />Rhode Island State House, Newport),<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Newport,_Rhode_Island" title="Newport, Rhode Island">Newport, Rhode Island</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Gilbert Stuart </td> <td>by October 1801 </td> <td>oil on canvas </td> <td> </td> <td>Old Colony House served as a Rhode Island State House until 1901.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />The elaborate wooden frame was carved and gilded by Martin Jugiez, a Philadelphia carver.<sup id="cite_ref-Miles_27-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miles-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Arrived by ship at Newport, October 1801.<sup id="cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lansdowne-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 188">: 188 </span></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Copies_painted_by_other_artists">Copies painted by other artists</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lansdowne_portrait&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Copies painted by other artists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Lansdowne and Munro-Lenox portraits were copied many times, and reproduced in widely circulated prints.<sup id="cite_ref-BrooklynMuseum_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BrooklynMuseum-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> William Winstanley (1775–1806), a British landscape painter working in the United States,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reportedly painted six full-size copies of the Lansdowne.<sup id="cite_ref-Dunlap_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dunlap-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 19th century, <a href="/wiki/Jane_Stuart" title="Jane Stuart">Jane Stuart</a> (the artist's daughter) painted multiple copies of the Lansdowne in full and reduced sizes. <a href="/wiki/Alonzo_Chappel" title="Alonzo Chappel">Alonzo Chappel</a> included elements of the Lansdowne in his <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>1860 seated portrait of Washington (<a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lansdowne_type">Lansdowne type</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lansdowne_portrait&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Lansdowne type"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_University_of_America" title="Catholic University of America">The Catholic University of America</a>, Washington, D.C., unknown artist (possibly William Winstanley), 1798 or later<sup id="cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lansdowne-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 181–82">: 181–82 </span></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_and_Lee_University" title="Washington and Lee University">Washington and Lee University</a>, Lexington, Virginia, unknown artist (possibly William Winstanley), 1798 or later<sup id="cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lansdowne-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 182">: 182 </span></sup></li> <li>Private collection (deaccessioned from the <a href="/wiki/Art_Institute_of_Chicago" title="Art Institute of Chicago">Art Institute of Chicago</a>), unknown artist (possibly William Winstanley), 1798 or later<sup id="cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lansdowne-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 181–82">: 181–82 </span></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Capitol" title="New York State Capitol">New York State Capitol</a>, Albany, New York, by <a href="/wiki/Ezra_Ames" title="Ezra Ames">Ezra Ames</a>, 1813<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Rayburn Room, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Capitol" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Capitol">U.S. Capitol</a>, unknown artist (possibly William Winstanley), by 1816<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Inscription: "Presented to the Legation of the United States at Madrid by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Worsam_Meade_I" title="Richard Worsam Meade I">Richard W. Meade</a> of Philadelphia, December 11th, 1818."</li> <li>Relocated from the U.S. Embassy in Madrid to the U.S. Capitol, 1951.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_State_House" title="North Carolina State House">North Carolina State House</a>, Raleigh, North Carolina, by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sully" title="Thomas Sully">Thomas Sully</a>, commissioned 1816, installed 1818. Now in the House of Representatives Chamber, <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_State_Capitol" title="North Carolina State Capitol">North Carolina State Capitol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Kuhl-Harrison reduced-size portrait, (36 1/4 in x 24 in), unlocated, Gilbert Stuart and Jane Stuart, by 1828<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masonic_Temple_(Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania)" title="Masonic Temple (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)">Philadelphia Masonic Temple</a>, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, unknown artist, 1832<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Historical_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Maryland Historical Society">Maryland Historical Society</a>, Baltimore, Maryland, unknown artist, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>1830s<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Providence_Athenaeum" title="Providence Athenaeum">Providence Athenaeum</a>, Providence, Rhode Island, unknown Italian artist, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>1830s<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Greenbrier" title="The Greenbrier">The Greenbrier</a>, White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, by Jane Stuart, mid-19th century<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Reduced-size portrait, <a href="/wiki/Redwood_Library_and_Athenaeum" title="Redwood Library and Athenaeum">Redwood Library and Athenaeum</a>, Newport, Rhode Island, Jane Stuart, mid-19th century<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Museum_of_Art" title="Birmingham Museum of Art">Birmingham Museum of Art</a>, Birmingham, Alabama, by <a href="/wiki/Theo_Ramos" title="Theo Ramos">Theodore Ramos</a> (1928–2018), 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On loan to <a href="/wiki/Alabama_National_Cemetery#American_Village" title="Alabama National Cemetery">American Village</a>, Montevallo, Alabama.</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lansdowne_portrait_copy_in_New_York_State_Capitol.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="New York State Capitol, Ezra Ames, 1813"><img alt="New York State Capitol, Ezra Ames, 1813" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Lansdowne_portrait_copy_in_New_York_State_Capitol.jpg/120px-Lansdowne_portrait_copy_in_New_York_State_Capitol.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Lansdowne_portrait_copy_in_New_York_State_Capitol.jpg/180px-Lansdowne_portrait_copy_in_New_York_State_Capitol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Lansdowne_portrait_copy_in_New_York_State_Capitol.jpg/240px-Lansdowne_portrait_copy_in_New_York_State_Capitol.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">New York State Capitol, Ezra Ames, 1813</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lansdowne_copy_Rayburn_Room_U.S._House_of_Representatives.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rayburn Room, U.S. Capitol, unknown artist, by 1816"><img alt="Rayburn Room, U.S. Capitol, unknown artist, by 1816" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Lansdowne_copy_Rayburn_Room_U.S._House_of_Representatives.jpg/75px-Lansdowne_copy_Rayburn_Room_U.S._House_of_Representatives.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Lansdowne_copy_Rayburn_Room_U.S._House_of_Representatives.jpg/113px-Lansdowne_copy_Rayburn_Room_U.S._House_of_Representatives.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Lansdowne_copy_Rayburn_Room_U.S._House_of_Representatives.jpg/150px-Lansdowne_copy_Rayburn_Room_U.S._House_of_Representatives.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1047" data-file-height="1669" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rayburn Room, U.S. Capitol, unknown artist, by 1816</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:House_of_Representatives_Chamber_-_North_Carolina_State_Capitol_-_DSC05940.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="North Carolina State Capitol, Thomas Sully, 1818"><img alt="North Carolina State Capitol, Thomas Sully, 1818" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/House_of_Representatives_Chamber_-_North_Carolina_State_Capitol_-_DSC05940.JPG/120px-House_of_Representatives_Chamber_-_North_Carolina_State_Capitol_-_DSC05940.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/House_of_Representatives_Chamber_-_North_Carolina_State_Capitol_-_DSC05940.JPG/180px-House_of_Representatives_Chamber_-_North_Carolina_State_Capitol_-_DSC05940.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/House_of_Representatives_Chamber_-_North_Carolina_State_Capitol_-_DSC05940.JPG/240px-House_of_Representatives_Chamber_-_North_Carolina_State_Capitol_-_DSC05940.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">North Carolina State Capitol, Thomas Sully, 1818</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Loggia-18.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Philadelphia Masonic Temple, unknown artist, 1832"><img alt="Philadelphia Masonic Temple, unknown artist, 1832" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Loggia-18.jpg/90px-Loggia-18.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Loggia-18.jpg/136px-Loggia-18.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Loggia-18.jpg/181px-Loggia-18.jpg 2x" data-file-width="856" data-file-height="1136" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Philadelphia Masonic Temple, unknown artist, 1832</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lansdowne_portrait_of_George_Washington_copy_at_Providence_Athenaeum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Providence Athenaeum, unknown artist, 1830s"><img alt="Providence Athenaeum, unknown artist, 1830s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Lansdowne_portrait_of_George_Washington_copy_at_Providence_Athenaeum.jpg/120px-Lansdowne_portrait_of_George_Washington_copy_at_Providence_Athenaeum.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Lansdowne_portrait_of_George_Washington_copy_at_Providence_Athenaeum.jpg/180px-Lansdowne_portrait_of_George_Washington_copy_at_Providence_Athenaeum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Lansdowne_portrait_of_George_Washington_copy_at_Providence_Athenaeum.jpg/240px-Lansdowne_portrait_of_George_Washington_copy_at_Providence_Athenaeum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2306" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Providence Athenaeum, unknown artist, 1830s</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Historic_American_Buildings_Survey,_Cervin_Robinson,_Photographer,_July_15,_1970_VIEW_OF_INTERIOR_FROM_READING_(CENTER)_ROOM_TO_DOOR_WEST._-_Redwood_Library,_50_Bellevue_Avenue,_HABS_RI,3-NEWP,15-9.tif" class="mw-file-description" title="Redwood Library and Athenaeum, Jane Stuart, mid-19th century"><img alt="Redwood Library and Athenaeum, Jane Stuart, mid-19th century" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Historic_American_Buildings_Survey%2C_Cervin_Robinson%2C_Photographer%2C_July_15%2C_1970_VIEW_OF_INTERIOR_FROM_READING_%28CENTER%29_ROOM_TO_DOOR_WEST._-_Redwood_Library%2C_50_Bellevue_Avenue%2C_HABS_RI%2C3-NEWP%2C15-9.tif/lossy-page1-120px-thumbnail.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Historic_American_Buildings_Survey%2C_Cervin_Robinson%2C_Photographer%2C_July_15%2C_1970_VIEW_OF_INTERIOR_FROM_READING_%28CENTER%29_ROOM_TO_DOOR_WEST._-_Redwood_Library%2C_50_Bellevue_Avenue%2C_HABS_RI%2C3-NEWP%2C15-9.tif/lossy-page1-180px-thumbnail.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Historic_American_Buildings_Survey%2C_Cervin_Robinson%2C_Photographer%2C_July_15%2C_1970_VIEW_OF_INTERIOR_FROM_READING_%28CENTER%29_ROOM_TO_DOOR_WEST._-_Redwood_Library%2C_50_Bellevue_Avenue%2C_HABS_RI%2C3-NEWP%2C15-9.tif/lossy-page1-240px-thumbnail.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="4016" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Redwood Library and Athenaeum, Jane Stuart, mid-19th century</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Munro-Lenox_type">Munro-Lenox type</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lansdowne_portrait&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Munro-Lenox type"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis_Institute_of_Art" title="Minneapolis Institute of Art">Minneapolis Institute of Art</a>, Minneapolis, Minnesota, by Thomas Sully, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1820</span><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives Chamber</a>, U.S. Capitol, by <a href="/wiki/John_Vanderlyn" title="John Vanderlyn">John Vanderlyn</a>, 1834<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery,_London" title="National Portrait Gallery, London">National Portrait Gallery, London</a>, United Kingdom (on loan to <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Museum_of_Fine_Arts" title="Montreal Museum of Fine Arts">Montreal Museum of Fine Arts</a>), unknown artist (possibly William Winstanley), undated<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Colony_History_Museum" title="Old Colony History Museum">Old Colony History Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taunton,_Massachusetts" title="Taunton, Massachusetts">Taunton, Massachusetts</a>, by <a href="/wiki/James_Sullivan_Lincoln" title="James Sullivan Lincoln">James Sullivan Lincoln</a>, ca 1835.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_State_House" title="Vermont State House">Vermont State House</a>, by George Gassner (1811-1861), ca 1837.<sup id="cite_ref-Gassner_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gassner-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Was the first artwork purchased by State of Vermont.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corcoran_Art_Gallery" class="mw-redirect" title="Corcoran Art Gallery">Corcoran Art Gallery</a>, Washington, D.C., by Jane Stuart, 1854.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery_(United_States)" title="National Portrait Gallery (United States)">National Portrait Gallery</a>, Washington, D.C. (on long-term loan), unknown artist, undated<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_River_Public_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Fall River Public Library">Fall River Public Library</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Spear_Dunning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Spear Dunning (page does not exist)">Robert Spear Dunning</a>, 1892<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_Sully_-_Portrait_of_George_Washington_(1732%E2%80%931799)_-_32.12_-_Minneapolis_Institute_of_Arts.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Minneapolis Institute of Art, Thomas Sully, c. 1820"><img alt="Minneapolis Institute of Art, Thomas Sully, c. 1820" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Thomas_Sully_-_Portrait_of_George_Washington_%281732%E2%80%931799%29_-_32.12_-_Minneapolis_Institute_of_Arts.jpg/75px-Thomas_Sully_-_Portrait_of_George_Washington_%281732%E2%80%931799%29_-_32.12_-_Minneapolis_Institute_of_Arts.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Thomas_Sully_-_Portrait_of_George_Washington_%281732%E2%80%931799%29_-_32.12_-_Minneapolis_Institute_of_Arts.jpg/112px-Thomas_Sully_-_Portrait_of_George_Washington_%281732%E2%80%931799%29_-_32.12_-_Minneapolis_Institute_of_Arts.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Thomas_Sully_-_Portrait_of_George_Washington_%281732%E2%80%931799%29_-_32.12_-_Minneapolis_Institute_of_Arts.jpg/149px-Thomas_Sully_-_Portrait_of_George_Washington_%281732%E2%80%931799%29_-_32.12_-_Minneapolis_Institute_of_Arts.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2767" data-file-height="4440" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Minneapolis Institute of Art, Thomas Sully, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1820</span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_George_Washington_1834_by_John_Vanderlyn_U.S._House_of_Reps.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="U.S. House of Representatives, John Vanderlyn, 1834"><img alt="U.S. House of Representatives, John Vanderlyn, 1834" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Portrait_of_George_Washington_1834_by_John_Vanderlyn_U.S._House_of_Reps.jpg/120px-Portrait_of_George_Washington_1834_by_John_Vanderlyn_U.S._House_of_Reps.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Portrait_of_George_Washington_1834_by_John_Vanderlyn_U.S._House_of_Reps.jpg/180px-Portrait_of_George_Washington_1834_by_John_Vanderlyn_U.S._House_of_Reps.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Portrait_of_George_Washington_1834_by_John_Vanderlyn_U.S._House_of_Reps.jpg/240px-Portrait_of_George_Washington_1834_by_John_Vanderlyn_U.S._House_of_Reps.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3457" data-file-height="2666" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">U.S. House of Representatives, John Vanderlyn, 1834</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lansdowne_portrait_of_George_Washington_at_Old_Colony_History_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Old Colony History Museum, James Sullivan Lincoln, c. 1835"><img alt="Old Colony History Museum, James Sullivan Lincoln, c. 1835" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Lansdowne_portrait_of_George_Washington_at_Old_Colony_History_Museum.jpg/81px-Lansdowne_portrait_of_George_Washington_at_Old_Colony_History_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="81" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Lansdowne_portrait_of_George_Washington_at_Old_Colony_History_Museum.jpg/122px-Lansdowne_portrait_of_George_Washington_at_Old_Colony_History_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Lansdowne_portrait_of_George_Washington_at_Old_Colony_History_Museum.jpg/163px-Lansdowne_portrait_of_George_Washington_at_Old_Colony_History_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Old_Colony_History_Museum" title="Old Colony History Museum">Old Colony History Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Sullivan_Lincoln" title="James Sullivan Lincoln">James Sullivan Lincoln</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1835</span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Washington_by_George_Gassner_after_Gilbert_Stuart._Vermont_State_House_-_vertical_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vermont State House, George Gassner, ca. 1837[60]"><img alt="Vermont State House, George Gassner, ca. 1837[60]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Washington_by_George_Gassner_after_Gilbert_Stuart._Vermont_State_House_-_vertical_crop.jpg/80px-Washington_by_George_Gassner_after_Gilbert_Stuart._Vermont_State_House_-_vertical_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Washington_by_George_Gassner_after_Gilbert_Stuart._Vermont_State_House_-_vertical_crop.jpg/120px-Washington_by_George_Gassner_after_Gilbert_Stuart._Vermont_State_House_-_vertical_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Washington_by_George_Gassner_after_Gilbert_Stuart._Vermont_State_House_-_vertical_crop.jpg/160px-Washington_by_George_Gassner_after_Gilbert_Stuart._Vermont_State_House_-_vertical_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Vermont_State_House" title="Vermont State House">Vermont State House</a>, George Gassner, ca. 1837<sup id="cite_ref-Gassner_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gassner-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Washington_by_Gilbert_Stuart.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, unknown artist, undated"><img alt="Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, unknown artist, undated" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/George_Washington_by_Gilbert_Stuart.jpg/83px-George_Washington_by_Gilbert_Stuart.jpg" decoding="async" width="83" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/George_Washington_by_Gilbert_Stuart.jpg/125px-George_Washington_by_Gilbert_Stuart.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/George_Washington_by_Gilbert_Stuart.jpg/167px-George_Washington_by_Gilbert_Stuart.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3450" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, unknown artist, undated</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Washington_after_Gilbert_Stuart_by_Robert_Spear_Dunning,_Fall_River_Public_Library.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fall River Public Library, Robert Spear Dunning, 1892"><img alt="Fall River Public Library, Robert Spear Dunning, 1892" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/George_Washington_after_Gilbert_Stuart_by_Robert_Spear_Dunning%2C_Fall_River_Public_Library.jpg/80px-George_Washington_after_Gilbert_Stuart_by_Robert_Spear_Dunning%2C_Fall_River_Public_Library.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/George_Washington_after_Gilbert_Stuart_by_Robert_Spear_Dunning%2C_Fall_River_Public_Library.jpg/120px-George_Washington_after_Gilbert_Stuart_by_Robert_Spear_Dunning%2C_Fall_River_Public_Library.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/George_Washington_after_Gilbert_Stuart_by_Robert_Spear_Dunning%2C_Fall_River_Public_Library.jpg/160px-George_Washington_after_Gilbert_Stuart_by_Robert_Spear_Dunning%2C_Fall_River_Public_Library.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fall River Public Library, Robert Spear Dunning, 1892</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Related_works">Related works</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lansdowne_portrait&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Related works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Engraving: <i>General Washington</i> by James Heath, 1800, London</li> <li><i>George Washington</i> by Alonzo Chappel, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1860</span>, Metropolitan Museum of Art</li> <li>Chromolithograph: <i>George Washington</i> by Augustus Weidenbach, 1876<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lansdowne_portrait.png" class="mw-file-description" title="General Washington by James Heath, 1800"><img alt="General Washington by James Heath, 1800" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Lansdowne_portrait.png/92px-Lansdowne_portrait.png" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Lansdowne_portrait.png/138px-Lansdowne_portrait.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Lansdowne_portrait.png/184px-Lansdowne_portrait.png 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="1018" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>General Washington</i> by James Heath, 1800</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Washington.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="George Washington by Alonzo Chappel, c. 1860"><img alt="George Washington by Alonzo Chappel, c. 1860" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/George_Washington.PNG/89px-George_Washington.PNG" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/George_Washington.PNG/133px-George_Washington.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/George_Washington.PNG/177px-George_Washington.PNG 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1081" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>George Washington</i> by Alonzo Chappel, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1860</span></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lansdowne_portrait&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_in_the_White_House" title="Art in the White House">Art in the White House</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lansdowne_portrait&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In a September 25, 2014 lecture, Ellen G. Miles, Curator Emerita of the National Portrait Gallery, noted that others on Stuart's list of subscribers received copies of Washington head-and-bust portraits, but Lord Lansdowne received an original full-length portrait. She theorized that Lansdowne had ordered a standard portrait, but it was upgraded at Senator Bingham's suggestion (and expense) to an original and full-length portrait, a much more impressive gift.<sup id="cite_ref-Miles_lecture_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miles_lecture-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Parke_Custis" title="George Washington Parke Custis">"Wash" Custis</a>'s description of Washington's annual address to Congress (either 1794 or 1795, based on Thomas Jefferson's presence), he wrote: "Washington was dressed precisely as Stuart has painted him in Lord Lansdowne's full-length portrait—" and then proceeded to give a detailed description. On the portrait: "The defect in the full-length is in the limbs. For the figure, a man named Smith, with whom Stuart boarded, stood—a smaller man than Washington; and the hands were painted from a wax cast of Stuart's own hand, which was much smaller than Washington's." On the mouth: "Washington, at the time Stuart painted his portrait, had a set of sea-horse ivory teeth. These, just made, were too large and clumsy, and gave that peculiar appearance of the mouth seen in Stuart's picture."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Art historian Ellen G. Miles has a theory as to why Charles Cotesworth Pinckney commissioned and paid for a copy of the Lansdowne portrait, but never retrieved it from Gilbert Stuart's studio.<br /><a href="/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe">James Monroe</a> was Minister to France in 1795, when the Jay Treaty was signed. France was then at war with Great Britain, and despite his best efforts, Monroe could not convince the French government that this was a benign treaty and would not affect Franco-American relations. President Washington recalled Monroe, and nominated Pinckney as his successor. Pinckney was confirmed by the U.S. Senate in September 1796, and arrived in Paris in November.<br />The <a href="/wiki/French_Directory" title="French Directory">French Directory</a> refused to accept Pinckney's credentials, and negotiations between the countries broke down when French officials demanded a substantial bribe to do so, in what became known as the <a href="/wiki/XYZ_Affair" title="XYZ Affair">XYZ Affair</a>.<br />Miles's theory is that Pinckney's copy of the Lansdowne portrait was intended as a diplomatic gift from the U.S. to France. Pinckney's deliberate humiliation by the Directory and the suspension of diplomatic relations between the countries (for nearly 5 years) caused those plans (and the portrait) to be abandoned.<br />Supporting evidence for the diplomatic gift theory is that Pinckney later sought reimbursement from Secretary of State Timothy Pickering for the $500 that he had paid to Stuart for the portrait.<sup id="cite_ref-Miles_lecture_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miles_lecture-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The comparably poor quality of the Lansdowne copy at the White House has led to questions and conspiracy theories about its authorship.<sup id="cite_ref-Stretch_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stretch-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />After Stuart toured the White House with Dr. <a href="/wiki/William_Thornton" title="William Thornton">William Thornton</a> in 1802, <a href="/wiki/Anna_Thornton" title="Anna Thornton">Thornton's wife</a> wrote to Dolley Madison: "He [Stuart] denies most pointedly having painted the picture in the President's house, and says he told Genl: Lee that he did not paint it—but that he bargained for it."<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Artist William Dunlap wrote (in 1834) that William Winstanley was hired to pack the Washington portrait bought for the White House in July 1800, and substituted his own copy for Stuart's prior to its being shipped from New York City to Washington, D.C.<sup id="cite_ref-Dunlap_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dunlap-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dunlap also reported that Winstanley had approached Stuart about putting finishing touches on his pirated Lansdowne copies, proposing that they could share the proceeds, but Stuart angrily rejected the idea.<sup id="cite_ref-Dunlap_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dunlap-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Regarding Stuart's denial of the White House Lansdowne, Ellen G. Miles writes: "The comment does suggest that Stuart did not paint the entire portrait." <i>Gilbert Stuart</i> (2004), p. 181, n. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The commission was at once given to Gilbert Stuart, who took pride and pleasure in painting the portraits; for which work he received $1,200. The pictures were painted in Philadelphia, where the frames were also procured at a cost of $200 each. When finished, the portraits and frames were placed in the care of Joseph Anthony & Co., of Philadelphia, by whom they were shipped to Rhode Island on board of Gibbs & Channing's sloop <i>Eagle</i>. The pictures were received here in October 1801."<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lansdowne_portrait&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Lansdowne-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lansdowne_1-26"><sup><i><b>aa</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ellen Gross Miles, "George Washington (The Lansdowne Portrait)," in <i>Gilbert Stuart</i> (Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2004), pp. 166–90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBearss" class="citation web cs1">Bearss, Sara B. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/custis-george-washington-parke-1781-1857/">"George Washington Parke Custis (1781–1857)"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Virginia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Virginia&rft.atitle=George+Washington+Parke+Custis+%281781%E2%80%931857%29&rft.aulast=Bearss&rft.aufirst=Sara+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fencyclopediavirginia.org%2Fentries%2Fcustis-george-washington-parke-1781-1857%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALansdowne+portrait" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kilian-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kilian_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kilian_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKilian2001" class="citation news cs1">Kilian, Michael (March 14, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2001-03-14-0103140255-story.html">"Timely Donation Saves Portrait of Washington from the Auction Block"</a>. <i>The Chicago Tribune</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Timely+Donation+Saves+Portrait+of+Washington+from+the+Auction+Block&rft.date=2001-03-14&rft.aulast=Kilian&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fnews%2Fct-xpm-2001-03-14-0103140255-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALansdowne+portrait" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=29437">George Washington – Seventh Annual Address to Congress</a>, from The American Presidency Project.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Miles_lecture-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Miles_lecture_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Miles_lecture_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Miles_lecture_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Miles_lecture_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ellen G. Miles, ""Gilbert Stuart's 'Lansdowne' Portrait of George Washington: From Private Diplomatic Gift to State Portrait," lecture given at the National Portrait Gallery, September 25, 2014.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://vimeo.com/133491164">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Oracle and Public Advertiser</i> (London), May 15, 1797.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NGA_2010-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NGA_2010_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NGA_2010_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NGA_2010_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/2005/stuart/philadelphia.shtm">National Gallery of Art</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100410110519/http://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/2005/stuart/philadelphia.shtm">Archived</a> April 10, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Gilbert Stuart</i>. Philadelphia (1794–1803). Accessed: October 15, 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.blog.gov.uk/2015/08/26/william-petty-2nd-earl-of-shelburne-whig-1782-1783/">William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne (Whig, 1782–1783)</a>, from The National Archives (UK.gov).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Johnston-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Johnston_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johnston_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johnston_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johnston_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Bryant_Johnston" title="Elizabeth Bryant Johnston">Elizabeth Bryant Johnston</a>, <i>Original Portraits of Washington</i> (Boston: James R. Osgood & Company, 1882).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zygmont-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Zygmont_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Bryan Zygmont, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-americas/british-colonies/early-republic/a/gilbert-stuarts-lansdowne-portrait">"Gilbert Stuart's Lansdowne Portrait"</a>, from Khan Academy.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stuart to Joseph Anthony, 2 November 1794, Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston. Quoted in Miles, pp. 129–30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mason-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mason_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mason_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mason_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mason_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mason_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mason_12-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mason_12-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mason_12-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mason_12-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mason_12-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">George Champlin Mason, <i>The Life and Works of Gilbert Stuart</i> (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1894).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nga.gov/collection/art-object-page.1121.html#provenance">George Washington (Vaughn portrait)</a> from National Gallery of Art.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. W. Parke Custis, <i>Recollections and Private Memoirs of Washington</i> (New York: Derby & Jackson, 1860), pp. 491, 520–23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Donald Jackson and Dorothy Twohig, eds., <i>The Diaries of George Washington, Volume 6</i> (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1976–79), p. 229.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gilmor-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gilmor_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gilmor_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Gilmor Jr., <i>Memorandums Made in a Tour to the Eastern States in the Year 1797</i> (Boston: Trustees of the Boston Public Library, 1892), p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stretch-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stretch_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stretch_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bonnie Barrett Stretch, "The White House Washington, If Stuart Didn't Paint It, Who Did?" <i>ArtNews</i>, October 1, 2004.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.artnews.com/2004/10/01/the-white-house-washington/">[2]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Provenance-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Provenance_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Provenance_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Provenance_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Provenance_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Provenance_21-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npg.si.edu/object/npg_NPG.2001.13">"George Washington (Lansdowne Portrait); see section <i>Provenance</i>"</a>. <i>National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Portrait+Gallery%2C+Smithsonian+Institution&rft.atitle=George+Washington+%28Lansdowne+Portrait%29%3B+see+section+Provenance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnpg.si.edu%2Fobject%2Fnpg_NPG.2001.13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALansdowne+portrait" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NGA-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NGA_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NGA_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://npg.si.edu/object/npg_NPG.2001.13">George Washington (Lansdowne Portrait)</a>, from National Portrait Gallery.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dwreynolds.org/Programs/Special/Special.htm">Donald W. Reynolds Foundation, <i>Special Projects</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CBMAA-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CBMAA_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CBMAA_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CBMAA_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CBMAA_24-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CBMAA_24-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://collection.crystalbridges.org/objects/193/george-washington-the-constablehamilton-portrait?ctx=cf2d7cdf-4879-41e8-9884-d94fb9947503&idx=2">George Washington – The Constable-Hamilton Portrait</a>, from Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Constable-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Constable_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Constable_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2005/american-paintings-drawings-sculpture-including-property-from-the-new-york-public-library-astor-lenox-and-tilden-foundations-n08134/lot.3.html">George Washington (Constable-Hamilton Portrait)</a>, from Sotheby's NY.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SIRIS-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SIRIS_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SIRIS_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=D52X1907708G8.5587&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!47905~!2&ri=1&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Lenox&index=.GW&uindex=&oper=&term=Stuart,+Gilbert&index=.AW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=1">George Washington – The Munro-Lenox Portrait</a>, from SIRIS.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Miles-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Miles_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Miles_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Miles_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Miles_27-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Miles_27-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ellen Gross Miles, "George Washington (The Munro-Lenox Portrait)," in <i>Gilbert Stuart</i> (Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2004), pp. 186–90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sotheby's-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sotheby's_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sotheby's_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/lot.5.html/2005/american-paintings-drawings-sculpture-including-property-from-the-new-york-public-library-astor-lenox-and-tilden-foundations-n08134">George Washington – The Munro-Lenox Portrait</a>, from Sotheby's New York.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carol Vogel, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/05/arts/design/05voge.html">"A Pair of New Owners for an Old President"</a>, <i>The New York Times</i>, January 5, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://artandhistory.house.gov/highlights.aspx?action=view&intID=351">Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives, <i>Artist Gilbert Stuart's portraits of George Washington</i>.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120915082823/http://artandhistory.house.gov/highlights.aspx?action=view&intID=351">Archived</a> 2012-09-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Accessed: May 11, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Helen W. Henderson, <i>The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts and Other Collections in Philadelphia</i> (Boston: L. C. Page & Company, 1899), frontispiece, p. 81.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://archive.org/stream/pennsylvaniaacad00hend_0#page/80/mode/2up">[3]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pafa.org/collection/george-washington-lansdowne-portrait">George Washington (Bingham portrait)</a>, from Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BrooklynMuseum-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BrooklynMuseum_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BrooklynMuseum_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180120101614/https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/exhibitions/american_art/">"American Art: Luce Center for American Art, 5th Floor"</a>. <i>Brooklyn Museum</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/exhibitions/american_art">the original</a> on 20 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brooklyn+Museum&rft.atitle=American+Art%3A+Luce+Center+for+American+Art%2C+5th+Floor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brooklynmuseum.org%2Fexhibitions%2Famerican_art&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALansdowne+portrait" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=15VY14267968R.5068&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!41116~!2&ri=3&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Lansdowne&index=.GW&uindex=&oper=&term=Stuart,+Gilbert&index=.AW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=3">George Washington (Constable portrait)</a>, from SIRIS.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/934">George Washington, Gilbert Stuart</a>, from Brooklyn Museum.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anna Maria Thornton to Dolley Madison, August 24, 1802, in David B. Mattern and Holly C. Shulman, eds. <i>The Selected Letters of Dolley Payne Madison</i> (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2003, pp. 50–51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dunlap-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dunlap_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dunlap_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dunlap_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">William Dunlap, <i>History of the Rise and Progress of the Arts of Design in the United States</i> vol. 1 (New York: George C. Scott and Co., 1834), pp. 200–02.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehousehistory.org/white-house-tour/the-east-room">"The East Room"</a>. <i>The White House Historical Association</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+White+House+Historical+Association&rft.atitle=The+East+Room&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehousehistory.org%2Fwhite-house-tour%2Fthe-east-room&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALansdowne+portrait" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=Q5251706WV553.5346&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!35638~!9&ri=1&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Hartford&index=.GW&uindex=&oper=&term=Stuart,+Gilbert&index=.AW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=1">George Washington (Hartford portrait)</a>, from SIRIS.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGosselin2016" class="citation web cs1">Gosselin, Kenneth (22 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.courant.com/real-estate/property-line/hc-old-state-house-reopens-20161122-story.html">"Old State House To Reopen Monday"</a>. <i>Hartford Courant</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hartford+Courant&rft.atitle=Old+State+House+To+Reopen+Monday&rft.date=2016-11-22&rft.aulast=Gosselin&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.courant.com%2Freal-estate%2Fproperty-line%2Fhc-old-state-house-reopens-20161122-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALansdowne+portrait" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thefrontdoorproject.com/2015/09/historic-doors/tourist-in-my-own-state-connecticuts-old-state-house/">"Tourist in My Own State: Connecticut's Old State House"</a>. <i>The Front Door Project</i>. 21 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Front+Door+Project&rft.atitle=Tourist+in+My+Own+State%3A+Connecticut%27s+Old+State+House&rft.date=2015-09-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefrontdoorproject.com%2F2015%2F09%2Fhistoric-doors%2Ftourist-in-my-own-state-connecticuts-old-state-house%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALansdowne+portrait" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=15DN1Q0244473.5338&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!60262~!16&ri=1&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Rhode+Island&index=.GW&uindex=&oper=&term=stuart,+gilbert&index=.AW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=1">George Washington (Providence portrait)</a>, from SIRIS.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sos.ri.gov/assets/downloads/documents/self-guided-state-house-tour-brochure.pdf">"The Rhode Island State House: A Guided Tour"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>State of Rhode Island</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=State+of+Rhode+Island&rft.atitle=The+Rhode+Island+State+House%3A+A+Guided+Tour&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsos.ri.gov%2Fassets%2Fdownloads%2Fdocuments%2Fself-guided-state-house-tour-brochure.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALansdowne+portrait" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">George Champlin Mason, <i>Reminiscences of Newport</i> (Newport, RI: Charles E. Hammett, Jr., 1884), pp. 290–91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=152K1Q9C92979.5706&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!60274~!5&ri=1&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=colony+house&index=.GW&uindex=&oper=&term=Stuart&index=.AW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=1">George Washington (Newport portrait)</a>, from SIRIS.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James L. Yarnell, "The Full-Length Portrait of George Washington in the Newport Colony House," <i>Newport History: Journal of the Newport Historical Society</i>, nos. 72–73 (Fall 2003–Spring 2004), pp. 150–59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newporthistory.org/properties/colony-house/">Colony House</a>, from Newport Historical Society.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">George Washington to the Commissioners for the District of Columbia, 5 September 1793, note 1, from National Archives.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/05-14-02-0019">[4]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/10436?sortBy=Relevance&ft=Chappel%2c+Alonzo&offset=0&rpp=20&pos=1">George Washington – Design for an Engraving, (c. 1860) by Alonzo Chappel</a>, from Metropolitan Museum of Art.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Caldwell,_Oswaldo_Rodriguez_Roque,_Dale_T._Johnson1994" class="citation book cs1">John Caldwell, Oswaldo Rodriguez Roque, Dale T. Johnson (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dYdWBwAAQBAJ&q=landsdowne%20portrait%20in%20albany%20new%20york%20capitol&pg=PA240"><i>American Paintings in The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Vol. 1</i></a>. Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 239<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2018</span>. <q>clearly based on the Stuart Lansdowne portrait</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Paintings+in+The+Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art.+Vol.+1&rft.pages=239&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft.date=1994&rft.au=John+Caldwell%2C+Oswaldo+Rodriguez+Roque%2C+Dale+T.+Johnson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdYdWBwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dlandsdowne%2520portrait%2520in%2520albany%2520new%2520york%2520capitol%26pg%3DPA240&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALansdowne+portrait" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/Capitol/Rayburn-Reception-Room/Art-and-Artifacts/">"Art and Artifacts George Washington's Journey to the Rayburn Room"</a>. <i>History, Art, & Archives</i>. US House of Representatives<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History%2C+Art%2C+%26+Archives&rft.atitle=Art+and+Artifacts+George+Washington%27s+Journey+to+the+Rayburn+Room&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory.house.gov%2FExhibitions-and-Publications%2FCapitol%2FRayburn-Reception-Room%2FArt-and-Artifacts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALansdowne+portrait" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncdcr.gov/state-capitol-debuts-george-washington-exhibit-and-reinstallation-washington-portrait-april">"Exhibit and Reinstallation of Washington Portrait This April"</a>. <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_Department_of_Natural_and_Cultural_Resources" title="North Carolina Department of Natural and Cultural Resources">North Carolina Department of Natural and Cultural Resources</a>. March 24, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Exhibit+and+Reinstallation+of+Washington+Portrait+This+April&rft.pub=North+Carolina+Department+of+Natural+and+Cultural+Resources&rft.date=2017-03-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncdcr.gov%2Fstate-capitol-debuts-george-washington-exhibit-and-reinstallation-washington-portrait-april&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALansdowne+portrait" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/europeanamerican00amer_0#page/n47/mode/2up">George Washington: Lansdowne Type (The Kuhl-Harrison Portrait)</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Anderson_Galleries" title="Anderson Galleries">Anderson Galleries</a> Inc., New York, 1936.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=1A9742Y06022E.1661&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!132915~!42&ri=3&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Masonic&index=.GW&uindex=&oper=&term=Washington&index=.TW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=3">George Washington (Philadelphia Masonic Temple)</a> from SIRIS.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mdhs.org/digitalimage/george-washington">"George Washington"</a>. <i>Maryland Historical Society</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Maryland+Historical+Society&rft.atitle=George+Washington&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdhs.org%2Fdigitalimage%2Fgeorge-washington&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALansdowne+portrait" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160822015129/https://providenceathenaeum.org/collections/art-collection/painting/">"Art Collection: Painting"</a>. <i>The Providence Athenaeum</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://providenceathenaeum.org/collections/art-collection/painting/">the original</a> on 22 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2018</span>. <q>George Washington, circa 1830s. Anonymous, after Gilbert Stuart (1755–1828). Oil on canvas. Gift of The Honorable Samuel Larned, 1838.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Providence+Athenaeum&rft.atitle=Art+Collection%3A+Painting&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprovidenceathenaeum.org%2Fcollections%2Fart-collection%2Fpainting%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALansdowne+portrait" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=S52545711L85V.2091&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!149308~!14&ri=1&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Greenbriar&index=.OW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=1">George Washington (Greenbrier)</a>, from SIRIS.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=1525A46322NE1.4870&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!59811~!85&ri=23&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Stuart,+Jane&index=.AW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=23">George Washington (Redwood Library)</a>, from SIRIS.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://artsbma.org/collection/copy-of-lansdowne-portrait-of-george-washington-by-gilbert-stuart/">Copy of Lansdowne Portrait</a>, from Birmingham Museum of Art.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.artsmia.org/art/486/portrait-of-george-washington-thomas-sully">"Portrait of George Washington"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis_Institute_of_Art" title="Minneapolis Institute of Art">Minneapolis Institute of Art</a>. <q>Sully made many copies of Stuart's portraits of President Washington for government buildings and historical societies because Stuart could not meet the astonishing demand for them.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Portrait+of+George+Washington&rft.pub=Minneapolis+Institute+of+Art&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollections.artsmia.org%2Fart%2F486%2Fportrait-of-george-washington-thomas-sully&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALansdowne+portrait" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/Capitol/1951-Present/Art-and-Artifacts/">"Art and Artifacts"</a>. <i>History, Art, and Archives</i>. U.S. House of Representatives<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History%2C+Art%2C+and+Archives&rft.atitle=Art+and+Artifacts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory.house.gov%2FExhibitions-and-Publications%2FCapitol%2F1951-Present%2FArt-and-Artifacts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALansdowne+portrait" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lionel Cust, "Stuart's Portrait of Washington," <i>The Anglo-Saxon Review</i>, vol. 1, no. 1 (June 1899), (London and New York, John Lane), p. 85.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Bq1XAAAAMAAJ&dq=Teapot+portrait+Washington&pg=PA85">[5]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gassner-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gassner_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gassner_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240512173224/https://npg.si.edu/object/npg_VT030026">"George Washington (Munro-Lenox type)"</a>. <i>National Portrait Gallery</i>. Smithsonian Institution. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npg.si.edu/object/npg_VT030026">the original</a> on 12 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Portrait+Gallery&rft.atitle=George+Washington+%28Munro-Lenox+type%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnpg.si.edu%2Fobject%2Fnpg_VT030026&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALansdowne+portrait" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://curator.vermont.gov/beyond-district">"Vermont State Art Collection and Art in State Buildings"</a>. <i>State Curator's Office</i>. Department of Buildings and General Services<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=State+Curator%27s+Office&rft.atitle=Vermont+State+Art+Collection+and+Art+in+State+Buildings&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcurator.vermont.gov%2Fbeyond-district&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALansdowne+portrait" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>A Catalogue of the Collection of American Paintings in The Corcoran Gallery of Art, Volume 1</i> (The Corcoran Gallery of Art, 1966), p. 81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://npg.si.edu/object/npg_CT900004">George Washington (Munro-Lenox type)</a>, from National Portrait Gallery.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fallriverlibrary.org/art.html">"Fall River Public Library Art Collection"</a>. <i>Fall River Library</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fall+River+Library&rft.atitle=Fall+River+Public+Library+Art+Collection&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffallriverlibrary.org%2Fart.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALansdowne+portrait" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/search?searchCode=LCCN&searchArg=2009633671&searchType=1&permalink=y">George Washington by Weidenbach</a> from Library of Congress.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lansdowne_portrait&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>"The Portrait." <i>George Washington: A National Treasure</i>. National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.georgewashington.si.edu/portrait/index.html">georgewashington.si.edu</a></li> <li>Kellogg, Stuart. "By George!" <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050409053403/http://www.vvdailypress.com/2001-2003/103743360089528.html">Victor Valley Daily Press (CA)</a>. November 16, 2002.</li> <li>Google Art Project: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.googleartproject.com/collection/the-white-house/artwork/george-washington-gilbert-stuart/6494278/">White House copy</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.googleartproject.com/collection/brooklyn-museum/artwork/george-washington-gilbert-stuart/6966745/">Brooklyn Museum copy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrie_Rebora_Barratt" title="Carrie Rebora Barratt">Carrie Rebora Barratt</a> and Ellen G. Miles, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/74976">Gilbert Stuart, (2004)</a>,</i> a full text exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.house.gov/Historical-Highlights/1700s/Artist-Gilbert-Stuart-s-portraits-of-George-Washington/">"Artist Gilbert Stuart's Portraits of George Washington"</a>, from History, Art & Archives, U.S. House of Representatives</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Paintings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Skater" title="The Skater">The Skater</a></i> (1782)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Benjamin_West_(Stuart)" title="Portrait of Benjamin West (Stuart)">Portrait of Benjamin West</a></i> (1785)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Brass_Yates" title="Catherine Brass Yates">Catherine Brass Yates</a></i> (1793–1794)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Horatio_Gates" title="Portrait of Horatio Gates">Portrait of Horatio Gates</a></i> (1793–1794)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lansdowne portrait of George Washington</a> (1796)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Athenaeum_Portrait" title="Athenaeum Portrait">Athenaeum Portrait</a></i> (1796, unfinished)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Constable-Hamilton_Portrait)" title="George Washington (Constable-Hamilton Portrait)"><i>George Washington</i> (Constable-Hamilton Portrait)</a> (1797)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Stuart_Birthplace" title="Gilbert Stuart Birthplace">Gilbert Stuart Birthplace and Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cosmo_Alexander" title="Cosmo Alexander">Cosmo Alexander</a> (master)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Stuart" title="Jane Stuart">Jane Stuart</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_one-dollar_bill" title="United States one-dollar bill">United States one-dollar bill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="George_Washington" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:George_Washington" title="Template:George Washington"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:George_Washington" title="Template talk:George Washington"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:George_Washington" title="Special:EditPage/Template:George Washington"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="George_Washington" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">1st</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1789–1797)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commanding_General_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Commanding General of the United States Army">Senior Officer of the Army</a> (1798–1799)</li> <li>Commander-in-Chief of the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> (1775–1783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_delegates_to_the_Continental_Congress" title="List of delegates to the Continental Congress">Delegate</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a> (1775)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_delegates_to_the_Continental_Congress" title="List of delegates to the Continental Congress">Delegate</a> to the <a href="/wiki/First_Continental_Congress" title="First Continental Congress">First Continental Congress</a> (1774)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_career_of_George_Washington" title="Military career of George Washington">Military career</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Revolutionary War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_career_of_George_Washington" title="Military career of George Washington">Military career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_in_the_French_and_Indian_War" title="George Washington in the French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jumonville_Glen" title="Battle of Jumonville Glen">Jumonville Glen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Necessity" title="Battle of Fort Necessity">Battle of Fort Necessity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Monongahela" title="Battle of the Monongahela">Battle of the Monongahela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbes_Expedition" title="Forbes Expedition">Forbes Expedition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_in_the_American_Revolution" title="George Washington in the American Revolution">Washington in the American Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Commander-in-chief, Continental Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_aides-de-camp" title="Washington's aides-de-camp">Aides-de-camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Washington%27s_Headquarters_during_the_Revolutionary_War" title="List of Washington's Headquarters during the Revolutionary War">Washington's headquarters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_tent" title="George Washington's tent">office and sleeping tent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_campaign" title="Boston campaign">Boston campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Boston" title="Siege of Boston">Siege of Boston</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_and_New_Jersey_campaign" title="New York and New Jersey campaign">New York and New Jersey campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_crossing_of_the_Delaware_River" title="George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River">Delaware River crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trenton" title="Battle of Trenton">Battle of Trenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Assunpink_Creek" title="Battle of the Assunpink Creek">Battle of the Assunpink Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Princeton" title="Battle of Princeton">Battle of Princeton</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_campaign" title="Philadelphia campaign">Philadelphia campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brandywine" title="Battle of Brandywine">Battle of Brandywine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Germantown" title="Battle of Germantown">Battle of Germantown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_White_Marsh" title="Battle of White Marsh">Battle of White Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_Forge" title="Valley Forge">Valley Forge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monmouth" title="Battle of Monmouth">Battle of Monmouth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Saratoga" title="Battles of Saratoga">Battles of Saratoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sullivan_Expedition" title="Sullivan Expedition">Sullivan Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorktown_campaign" title="Yorktown campaign">Yorktown campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Yorktown" title="Siege of Yorktown">Siege of Yorktown</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culper_Ring" title="Culper Ring">Culper Spy Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newburgh_Conspiracy" title="Newburgh Conspiracy">Newburgh Conspiracy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newburgh_letter" title="Newburgh letter">Newburgh letter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asgill_Affair" title="Asgill Affair">Asgill Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evacuation_Day_(New_York)" title="Evacuation Day (New York)">Evacuation Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_resignation_as_commander-in-chief" title="George Washington's resignation as commander-in-chief">Resignation as commander-in-chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badge_of_Military_Merit" title="Badge of Military Merit">Badge of Military Merit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Purple_Heart" title="Purple Heart">Purple Heart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Before_Boston_Medal" title="Washington Before Boston Medal">Washington Before Boston Medal</a></li> <li>Horses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_(horse)" title="Nelson (horse)">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blueskin_(horse)" title="Blueskin (horse)">Blueskin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Other U.S.<br />founding events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Association" title="Virginia Association">Initiated, co-wrote, 1769 Virginia Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairfax_Resolves" title="Fairfax Resolves">Initiated, 1774 Fairfax Resolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Association" title="Continental Association">Continental Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeals_in_Cases_of_Capture" title="Court of Appeals in Cases of Capture">Court of Appeals in Cases of Capture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon_Conference" title="Mount Vernon Conference">1785 Mount Vernon Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Convention_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Convention (United States)">Chairman, 1787 Constitutional Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_political_evolution" title="George Washington's political evolution">George Washington's political evolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_Washington" title="Presidency of George Washington">Presidency</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_Washington_presidency" title="Timeline of the George Washington presidency">timeline)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election" title="1788–89 United States presidential election">1788–89 United States presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_George_Washington" title="First inauguration of George Washington">First inauguration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Inaugural_Bible" title="George Washington Inaugural Bible">inaugural bible</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1792_United_States_presidential_election" title="1792 United States presidential election">1792 presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_George_Washington" title="Second inauguration of George Washington">Second inauguration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_reception_at_Trenton" title="George Washington's reception at Trenton">Reception at Trenton</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr._President_(title)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mr. President (title)">Title of "Mr. President"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet of the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">Secretary of War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_Act_of_1789" title="Judiciary Act of 1789">Judiciary Act of 1789</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_act_to_regulate_the_time_and_manner_of_administering_certain_oaths" title="An act to regulate the time and manner of administering certain oaths">Oath Administration Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonintercourse_Act" title="Nonintercourse Act">Nonintercourse Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiskey_Rebellion" title="Whiskey Rebellion">Whiskey Rebellion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Militia_Acts_of_1792" title="Militia Acts of 1792">Militia Acts of 1792</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1792" title="Coinage Act of 1792">Coinage Act of 1792</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint" title="United States Mint">United States Mint</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Succession_Act" title="Presidential Succession Act">Presidential Succession Act of 1792</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_cornerstone_laying" title="United States Capitol cornerstone laying">United States Capitol cornerstone laying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Neutrality" title="Proclamation of Neutrality">Proclamation of Neutrality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neutrality_Act_of_1794" title="Neutrality Act of 1794">Neutrality Act of 1794</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Treaty" title="Jay Treaty">Jay Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinckney%27s_Treaty" title="Pinckney's Treaty">Pinckney's Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_Trade_Act_of_1794" title="Slave Trade Act of 1794">Slave Trade Act of 1794</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residence_Act" title="Residence Act">Residence Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Thanksgiving_Proclamation" title="National Thanksgiving Proclamation">Thanksgiving Proclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_Farewell_Address" title="George Washington's Farewell Address">Farewell Address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1790_State_of_the_Union_Address" class="mw-redirect" title="1790 State of the Union Address">State of the Union Address 1790</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1791_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1791 State of the Union Address">1791</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1792_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1792 State of the Union Address">1792</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1793_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1793 State of the Union Address">1793</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1796_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1796 State of the Union Address">1796</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_Washington#Administration,_Cabinet_and_Supreme_Court_appointments" title="Presidency of George Washington">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_George_Washington" title="List of federal judges appointed by George Washington">Federal judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Rutledge_Supreme_Court_nominations" title="John Rutledge Supreme Court nominations">John Rutledge Supreme Court nominations</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Views and<br />public image</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fred_W._Smith_National_Library_for_the_Study_of_George_Washington" title="Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington">Presidential library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Papers" title="The Washington Papers">The Washington Papers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_of_George_Washington" title="Religious views of George Washington">Religious views</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_Destroyer" title="Town Destroyer">Town Destroyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legacy_of_George_Washington" title="Legacy of George Washington">Legacy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and homes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington#Early_life_(1732–1753)" title="George Washington">Early life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Birthplace_National_Monument" title="George Washington Birthplace National Monument">Birthplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferry_Farm" title="Ferry Farm">Ferry Farm boyhood home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon" title="Mount Vernon">Mount Vernon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_Fishery" title="George Washington's Fishery">Fishery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_Gristmill" title="George Washington's Gristmill">Gristmill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_Rye_Whiskey" title="George Washington's Rye Whiskey">Whiskey distillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodlawn_(Alexandria,_Virginia)" title="Woodlawn (Alexandria, Virginia)">Woodlawn Plantation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longfellow_House%E2%80%93Washington%27s_Headquarters_National_Historic_Site" title="Longfellow House–Washington's Headquarters National Historic Site">Longfellow House–Washington's Headquarters National Historic Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Mansion" title="Ford Mansion">Ford Mansion, Washington's headquarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_Headquarters_State_Historic_Site" title="Washington's Headquarters State Historic Site">Hasbrouck House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Osgood_House" title="Samuel Osgood House">First Presidential Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Macomb_House" title="Alexander Macomb House">Second Presidential Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_House_(Philadelphia)" title="President's House (Philadelphia)">President's House, Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germantown_White_House" title="Germantown White House">Germantown White House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Parke_Custis#Estate" title="Daniel Parke Custis">Custis estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_relations_with_the_Iroquois_Confederacy" title="George Washington's relations with the Iroquois Confederacy">Washington's relations with the Iroquois Confederacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potomac_Company" title="Potomac Company">Potomac Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_River_and_Kanawha_Canal" title="James River and Kanawha Canal">James River and Kanawha Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Road_Lottery" title="Mountain Road Lottery">Mountain Road Lottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Gold_Medal" title="Congressional Gold Medal">Congressional Gold Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanks_of_Congress" title="Thanks of Congress">Thanks of Congress</a></li> <li>President General of the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Cincinnati" title="Society of the Cincinnati">Society of the Cincinnati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_College" title="Washington College">Washington College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_and_Lee_University" title="Washington and Lee University">Washington and Lee University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_George_Washington" title="Electoral history of George Washington">Electoral history of George Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-presidency_of_George_Washington" title="Post-presidency of George Washington">Post-presidency of George Washington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_memorials_to_George_Washington" title="List of memorials to George Washington">Memorials</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_George_Washington" title="Cultural depictions of George Washington">depictions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument" title="Washington Monument">Washington Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore" title="Mount Rushmore">Mount Rushmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents%27_Day" title="Presidents' Day">Washington's Birthday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purple_Heart" title="Purple Heart">Purple Heart</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Apotheosis_of_Washington" title="The Apotheosis of Washington">The Apotheosis of Washington</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument_State_Park" title="Washington Monument State Park">Washington Monument (Boonsboro, Maryland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument_(Baltimore)" title="Washington Monument (Baltimore)">Washington Monument (Baltimore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Houdon)" title="Statue of George Washington (Houdon)"><i>George Washington</i> (Houdon)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(copy_of_bust_by_Houdon)" title="George Washington (copy of bust by Houdon)">plaster copy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Ceracchi)" title="George Washington (Ceracchi)"><i>George Washington</i> (Ceracchi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Canova)" title="George Washington (Canova)"><i>George Washington</i> (Canova)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Greenough)" title="George Washington (Greenough)"><i>George Washington</i> (Greenough)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Trumbull)" title="George Washington (Trumbull)"><i>George Washington</i> (Trumbull)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_and_the_Revolutionary_War_Door" title="George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door">George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_War_Door" title="Revolutionary War Door">Revolutionary War Door</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_(1851_paintings)" title="Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)">Washington Crossing the Delaware</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Passage_of_the_Delaware" title="The Passage of the Delaware">The Passage of the Delaware</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/General_George_Washington_at_Trenton" title="General George Washington at Trenton">General George Washington at Trenton</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_at_Verplanck%27s_Point" title="Washington at Verplanck's Point">Washington at Verplanck's Point</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/General_George_Washington_Resigning_His_Commission" title="General George Washington Resigning His Commission">General George Washington Resigning His Commission</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Lord_Cornwallis" title="Surrender of Lord Cornwallis">Surrender of Lord Cornwallis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athenaeum_Portrait" title="Athenaeum Portrait">Unfinished portrait</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lansdowne portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Family" title="The Washington Family">The Washington Family portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_at_Princeton" title="Washington at Princeton"><i>Washington at Princeton</i> paintings</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_George_Washington_Taking_the_Salute_at_Trenton" title="Portrait of George Washington Taking the Salute at Trenton">George Washington Taking the Salute at Trenton</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reception_to_Washington_on_April_21,_1789,_at_Trenton_on_his_way_to_New_York_to_Assume_the_Duties_of_the_Presidency_of_the_United_States" title="Reception to Washington on April 21, 1789, at Trenton on his way to New York to Assume the Duties of the Presidency of the United States">Reception at Trenton painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_statues_of_George_Washington" title="List of statues of George Washington">Statues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trenton_Battle_Monument" title="Trenton Battle Monument">Trenton Battle Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeton_Battle_Monument" title="Princeton Battle Monument">Princeton Battle Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_of_View_(West)" title="Point of View (West)"><i>Point of View</i> sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_on_Horseback" title="George Washington on Horseback">George Washington on Horseback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Statue of George Washington (Austin, Texas)">Austin statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Bartholomew)" title="George Washington (Bartholomew)">Baltimore statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(Boston)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (Boston)">Boston statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Mexico_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Statue of George Washington (Mexico City)">Mexico City statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(Morristown,_New_Jersey)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (Morristown, New Jersey)">Morristown statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(Newark)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (Newark)">Newark statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(New_York_City)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (New York City)">New York City statue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Wall_Street)" title="Statue of George Washington (Wall Street)">Wall Street statue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(Paris)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (Paris)">Paris statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Perth_Amboy,_New_Jersey)" title="Statue of George Washington (Perth Amboy, New Jersey)">Perth Amboy statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Bailly)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Washington (Bailly)">Philadelphia statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="Statue of George Washington (Portland, Oregon)">Portland statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(Washington_Circle)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (Washington Circle)">Washington, D.C. statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument_(West_Point)" title="Washington Monument (West Point)">West Point monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_University" title="George Washington University">George Washington University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington University in St. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Masonic_National_Memorial" title="George Washington Masonic National Memorial">Washington Masonic National Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Memorial_Parkway" title="George Washington Memorial Parkway">George Washington Memorial Parkway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Bridge" title="George Washington Bridge">George Washington Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_and_Jefferson_National_Forests" title="George Washington and Jefferson National Forests">Washington and Jefferson National Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Square_Park" title="Washington Square Park">Washington Square Park</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Square_Arch" title="Washington Square Arch">Arch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States_on_U.S._postage_stamps" title="Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps">U.S. Postage stamps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington%E2%80%93Franklin_Issues" title="Washington–Franklin Issues">Washington–Franklin Issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Bicentennial_stamps_of_1932" title="Washington Bicentennial stamps of 1932">1932 bicentennial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States_on_currency#George_Washington" title="List of presidents of the United States on currency">Currency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington_quarter" title="Washington quarter">Washington quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50_State_Quarters" class="mw-redirect" title="50 State Quarters">50 State Quarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_and_United_States_Territories_quarters" title="District of Columbia and United States Territories quarters">D.C. and territories quarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_the_Beautiful_quarters" title="America the Beautiful quarters">America the Beautiful quarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Women_quarters" title="American Women quarters">American Women quarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_Instructing_Youth" title="History Instructing Youth">History Instructing Youth dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_one-dollar_bill" title="United States one-dollar bill">Washington dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_dollar" title="Lafayette dollar">Lafayette dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_the_Beautiful_silver_bullion_coins" title="America the Beautiful silver bullion coins">Silver bullion coins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_nickel" title="Washington nickel">Washington nickel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_half_eagle" title="George Washington half eagle">Washington half eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_250th_Anniversary_half_dollar" title="George Washington 250th Anniversary half dollar">250th Anniversary half dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore_Anniversary_coins" title="Mount Rushmore Anniversary coins">Mount Rushmore Anniversary coins</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Washington" title="Mount Washington">Mount Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_George_Washington" title="Cultural depictions of George Washington">Cultural depictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(miniseries)" title="George Washington (miniseries)"><i>George Washington</i> (1984 miniseries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_II:_The_Forging_of_a_Nation" title="George Washington II: The Forging of a Nation">1986 sequel)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_More_Perfect_Union_(film)" title="A More Perfect Union (film)"><i>A More Perfect Union</i> (1989 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Crossing_(2000_film)" title="The Crossing (2000 film)"><i>The Crossing</i> (2000 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Fight_to_Be_Free" title="We Fight to Be Free"><i>We Fight to Be Free</i> (2006 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turn:_Washington%27s_Spies" title="Turn: Washington's Spies"><i>Turn: Washington's Spies</i> (2014–2017 series)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_War_that_Made_America" title="The War that Made America"><i>The War that Made America</i> (2006 miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_(miniseries)" title="Washington (miniseries)"><i>Washington</i> (2020 miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_(musical)" title="Hamilton (musical)"><i>Hamilton</i></a> (<a href="/wiki/Hamilton_(2020_film)" title="Hamilton (2020 film)">film</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_George_Washington" title="Bibliography of George Washington">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_George_Washington_articles" title="List of George Washington articles">List of articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founders_Online" title="Founders Online">Founders Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_States" title="Republicanism in the United States">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Era" title="Federalist Era">Federalist Era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_dynasty" title="Virginia dynasty">Virginia dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Washington_family" title="Coat of arms of the Washington family">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mason_Locke_Weems#The_cherry-tree_anecdote" title="Mason Locke Weems">Cherry-tree anecdote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Farm#Washington_at_River_Farm" title="River Farm">River Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_Crossing" title="Washington's Crossing">Washington's Crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%E2%80%93Rochambeau_Revolutionary_Route" title="Washington–Rochambeau Revolutionary Route">Washington–Rochambeau Revolutionary Route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_House_(Barbados)" title="George Washington House (Barbados)">1751 Barbados trip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:George_Washington" title="Category:George Washington">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syng_inkstand" title="Syng inkstand">Syng inkstand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_of_the_Armies" title="General of the Armies">General of the Armies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conway_Cabal" title="Conway Cabal">Conway Cabal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Foxhound" title="American Foxhound">American Foxhound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_(American_Revolution)" title="Patriot (American Revolution)">patriots</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betsy_Ross_flag" title="Betsy Ross flag">Betsy Ross flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon_Ladies%27_Association" title="Mount Vernon Ladies' Association">Mount Vernon Ladies' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon_Mansion_replicas" title="Mount Vernon Mansion replicas">Mount Vernon replicas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Memorial_Building" title="George Washington Memorial Building">George Washington Memorial Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attempted_theft_of_George_Washington%27s_skull" title="Attempted theft of George Washington's skull">Attempted theft of Washington's skull</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Washington_family" title="Washington family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Washington" title="Martha Washington">Martha Washington</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Parke_Custis" title="John Parke Custis">John Parke Custis</a> (stepson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Parke_Custis" title="George Washington Parke Custis">George Washington Parke Custis</a> (step-grandson, adopted son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Parke_Custis_Lewis" title="Eleanor Parke Custis Lewis">Eleanor Parke Custis</a> (step-granddaughter, adopted daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_Washington" title="Augustine Washington">Augustine Washington</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ball_Washington" title="Mary Ball Washington">Mary Ball Washington</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Washington_(1718%E2%80%931752)" title="Lawrence Washington (1718–1752)">Lawrence Washington</a> (half-brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_Washington_Jr." title="Augustine Washington Jr.">Augustine Washington Jr.</a> (half-brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Washington_Lewis" title="Elizabeth Washington Lewis">Elizabeth Washington Lewis</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Washington" title="Samuel Washington">Samuel Washington</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Augustine_Washington" title="John Augustine Washington">John A. Washington</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Washington" title="Charles Washington">Charles Washington</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Washington_(1659%E2%80%931698)" title="Lawrence Washington (1659–1698)">Lawrence Washington</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Gale" title="Mildred Gale">Mildred Gale</a> (grandmother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Washington" title="John Washington">John Washington</a> (great-grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Reade_(colonial_governor)" title="George Reade (colonial governor)">George Reade</a> (2nd great-grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushrod_Washington" title="Bushrod Washington">Bushrod Washington</a> (nephew)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Slavery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_and_slavery" title="George Washington and slavery">Washington and slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_enslaved_people_of_Mount_Vernon" title="List of enslaved people of Mount Vernon">List of enslaved people of Mount Vernon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_(slave)" title="Betty (slave)">Betty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Branham" title="Caroline Branham">Caroline Branham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Costin" title="William Costin">William Costin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Ford" title="West Ford">West Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Johnson_(Mount_Vernon)" title="Sarah Johnson (Mount Vernon)">Sarah Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oney_Judge" class="mw-redirect" title="Oney Judge">Oney Judge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Lee_(valet)" title="Philip Lee (valet)">Philip Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lee_(valet)" title="William Lee (valet)">William Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hercules_Posey" title="Hercules Posey">Hercules Posey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Sheels" title="Christopher Sheels">Christopher Sheels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Squash" title="Deborah Squash">Deborah Squash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Washington" title="Harry Washington">Harry Washington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:George_Washington" title="Category:George Washington">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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