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links subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Archival_Collections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archival_Collections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Archival Collections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archival_Collections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown 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interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%82%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ویلیام بینقهام – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ویلیام بینقهام" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Bingham" title="William Bingham – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="William Bingham" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ویلیام بینگهام – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویلیام بینگهام" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Bingham" title="William Bingham – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="William Bingham" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Bingham" title="William Bingham – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="William Bingham" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Bingham" title="William Bingham – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="William Bingham" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ويليام بينجهام – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ويليام بينجهام" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Bingham" title="William Bingham – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="William Bingham" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Bingham" title="William Bingham – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="William Bingham" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2113530#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/William_Bingham" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American politician (1752–1804)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named William Bingham, see <a href="/wiki/William_Bingham_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="William Bingham (disambiguation)">William Bingham (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">William Bingham</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Bingham.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/William_Bingham.jpg/220px-William_Bingham.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/William_Bingham.jpg/330px-William_Bingham.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/William_Bingham.jpg/440px-William_Bingham.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1478" data-file-height="1833" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore of the United States Senate</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />February 16, 1797 – July 6, 1797</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Livermore" title="Samuel Livermore">Samuel Livermore</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Bradford_(Rhode_Island)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Bradford (Rhode Island)">William Bradford</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senator">United States Senator</a> <br /> from <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 4, 1795 – March 3, 1801</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Morris_(financier)" title="Robert Morris (financier)">Robert Morris</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Muhlenberg" title="Peter Muhlenberg">Peter Muhlenberg</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">37th and 38th <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Pennsylvania_House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives">Speaker of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />December 4, 1801 – April 10, 1802</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Himself (as Speaker of the Assembly)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gerardus_Wynkoop_II" title="Gerardus Wynkoop II">Gerardus Wynkoop II</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_House_of_Representatives" title="Pennsylvania House of Representatives">Pennsylvania House of Representatives</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1793–1794</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1752-03-08</span>)</span>March 8, 1752<br /><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pennsylvania" title="Province of Pennsylvania">Province of Pennsylvania</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_America" title="British America">British America</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">February 7, 1804<span style="display:none">(1804-02-07)</span> (aged 51)<br /><a href="/wiki/Bath,_Somerset" title="Bath, Somerset">Bath</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">American</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ann_Willing_Bingham" title="Ann Willing Bingham">Ann Willing</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">Maria Matilda<br />Anne Louisa<br />William</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data">Banker</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>William Bingham</b> (March 8, 1752 – February 7, 1804) was an American statesman from <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>. He was a delegate for <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a> from 1786 to 1788 and served in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> from 1795 to 1801.<sup id="cite_ref-MAGDE_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MAGDE-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bingham was one of the wealthiest men in the United States during his lifetime, and was considered to be the <a href="/wiki/List_of_richest_Americans_in_history" title="List of richest Americans in history">richest person in the U.S.</a> in 1780.<sup id="cite_ref-richestUS_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-richestUS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Bingham&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>William Bingham was born on March 8, 1752, in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He graduated from the College of Philadelphia (now the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a>) in 1768. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Philadelphia_Society">Philadelphia Society</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Bingham&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Philadelphia Society"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bingham first travelled to Europe in 1773 and, upon, returning to America joined the Philadelphia Society. Sent by the <a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Secret_Correspondence" title="Committee of Secret Correspondence">Committee of Secret Correspondence</a> to Martinico (today's <a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a>), to reside ostensibly as a merchant and to establish communications through that colony with <a href="/wiki/Silas_Deane" title="Silas Deane">Silas Deane</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the committee's agent in France. He departed America aboard the frigate <i>Reprisal</i> on July 3, 1776. During his voyages, he established links with French merchants at Martinique, captured several British ships, and returned in 1777 to America with several full loads of munitions, guns, and other vital goods necessary for the fighting of a war.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Business_interests">Business interests</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Bingham&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Business interests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Philadelphia_and_Lancaster_Turnpike_Road_1795.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Philadelphia_and_Lancaster_Turnpike_Road_1795.jpg/220px-Philadelphia_and_Lancaster_Turnpike_Road_1795.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Philadelphia_and_Lancaster_Turnpike_Road_1795.jpg/330px-Philadelphia_and_Lancaster_Turnpike_Road_1795.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Philadelphia_and_Lancaster_Turnpike_Road_1795.jpg/440px-Philadelphia_and_Lancaster_Turnpike_Road_1795.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3007" data-file-height="2439" /></a><figcaption> Share of the "Company of the Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike Road", issued March 16, 1795, signed by William Bingham</figcaption></figure> <p>Toward the end of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>, Bingham was regarded as the richest man in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-richestUS_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-richestUS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had made his fortune through joint ownership of <a href="/wiki/Privateer" title="Privateer">privateers</a> and trading.<sup id="cite_ref-MAGDE_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MAGDE-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He became a major land developer, purchasing lands in <a href="/wiki/Upstate_New_York" title="Upstate New York">upstate</a> <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Binghamton" class="mw-redirect" title="Binghamton">Binghamton</a>) and 2 million acres (8,000 km<sup>2</sup>) in <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a> (later known as the <a href="/wiki/Bingham_Purchase" title="Bingham Purchase">Bingham Purchase</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Franklin_County,_Maine_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Franklin_County,_Maine-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He helped broker the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase" title="Louisiana Purchase">Louisiana Purchase</a> with <a href="/wiki/Sir_Francis_Baring,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Francis Baring, 1st Baronet">Francis Baring</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hope" title="Henry Hope">Henry Hope</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their agent <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Baring,_1st_Baron_Ashburton" title="Alexander Baring, 1st Baron Ashburton">Alexander Baring</a> married his daughter <a href="/wiki/Ann_Louisa_Baring" class="mw-redirect" title="Ann Louisa Baring">Anne</a>. </p><p>He was the founder and the first president of the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_and_Lancaster_Turnpike" title="Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike">Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike</a>. </p><p>Bingham was director of several other enterprises. He maintained shipping ventures after the Revolutionary war, through his mercantile house Bingham, Inglis, and Gilmore. He was a leading member of the Pennsylvania Society for the Encouragement of Manufactures and Useful Arts and donated a Philadelphia property to be converted into a textile factory.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mounted_general">Mounted general</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Bingham&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mounted general"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the 1780s, Bingham marshaled the Second Troop of Philadelphia Light Horse, an outfit of 50 dragoons. They were glamorously clad and saw little action. William Jackson was first major and later became Bingham's land agent. Bingham escorted President-elect <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> through Pennsylvania with his troop on his April 1789 journey from Valley Forge to New York City to assume the presidency.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bingham was elected to the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a> in 1787.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Bingham&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Bingham_Memorial_Bath_Abbey_20040731.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/William_Bingham_Memorial_Bath_Abbey_20040731.jpg/260px-William_Bingham_Memorial_Bath_Abbey_20040731.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/William_Bingham_Memorial_Bath_Abbey_20040731.jpg/390px-William_Bingham_Memorial_Bath_Abbey_20040731.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/William_Bingham_Memorial_Bath_Abbey_20040731.jpg/520px-William_Bingham_Memorial_Bath_Abbey_20040731.jpg 2x" data-file-width="666" data-file-height="508" /></a><figcaption>Memorial to Bingham in <a href="/wiki/Bath_Abbey" title="Bath Abbey">Bath Abbey</a>, Bath, England</figcaption></figure> <p>During the provisional government of the United States at Philadelphia, he wrote the by-laws for the national <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_North_America" title="Bank of North America">Bank of North America</a>. He saw the national debt as beneficial in that it attracted interest into the affairs of the government. During the first presidency, Treasurer <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Alexander Hamilton</a> sought Bingham as his mentor in managing taxes, tariffs, and in constructing a national bank.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Speaker_of_Pennsylvania_House">Speaker of Pennsylvania House</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Bingham&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Speaker of Pennsylvania House"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In America, he represented Pennsylvania as a delegate to the Continental Congress from 1786 to 1788. In 1790 and 1791 he was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_House_of_Representatives" title="Pennsylvania House of Representatives">Pennsylvania House of Representatives</a>, serving as its first speaker in 1791. He oversaw development of the land during a fledgling period of America as a member of the Society of Roads and Inland Navigation, where he worked closely with <a href="/wiki/Albert_Gallatin" title="Albert Gallatin">Albert Gallatin</a> of western Pennsylvania.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He later served in the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Senate" title="Pennsylvania State Senate">Pennsylvania State Senate</a> from 1793 through 1794.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He built roads and a bridge from Philadelphia to Lancaster, Pennsylvania called the Lancaster Pike. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._Senator">U.S. Senator</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Bingham&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: U.S. Senator"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By 1795, he was elected to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> where he served as a <a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist</a> and Nationalist while it was originally at Philadelphia, but he left for England in 1801 when his wife had taken ill. In the midst of <a href="/wiki/Public_debate" title="Public debate">public debate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dissent" title="Dissent">dissent</a> focused on the <a href="/wiki/Jay_Treaty" title="Jay Treaty">Jay Treaty</a> he was subjected to <a href="/wiki/Political_violence" title="Political violence">political violence</a> in Philadelphia in the summer of 1795.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was an active supporter of <a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a> and when Adams was elected president, Bingham served as the Senate's <a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_United_States_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth United States Congress">Fourth Congress</a>. On March 4, 1797, with the start of the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_United_States_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifth United States Congress">Fifth Congress</a> he administered the oath of office to <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was criticized by Jeffersonian politicians for "extravagance, ostentation and dissipation".<sup id="cite_ref-MAGDE_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MAGDE-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1813, nearly ten years after his death, <a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">John Quincy Adams</a> said that the Presidency, the Capital and the Country had been governed by Bingham and his family connections.<sup id="cite_ref-MAGDE_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MAGDE-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The several Bingham estates were renowned for hosting many prominent aristocrats from Europe as well as Federalist meetings. At the Bingham estate, Federalists agreed to hold preliminary <a href="/wiki/Caucus" title="Caucus">votings</a> before propositions were brought before Congress publicly, thus creating unanimity among party lines.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Binghamton">Binghamton</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Bingham&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Binghamton"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was also a <a href="/wiki/Land_surveyor" class="mw-redirect" title="Land surveyor">land surveyor</a>, and looked to develop areas currently a part of Southern <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Pennsylvania">Northern Pennsylvania</a>. One of his prime prospects was at the confluence of the <a href="/wiki/Chenango_River" title="Chenango River">Chenango River</a> and <a href="/wiki/Susquehanna_River" title="Susquehanna River">Susquehanna River</a>. Judge Joshua Whitney Jr., settler and Bingham's agent, called this town <a href="/wiki/Binghamton,_New_York" title="Binghamton, New York">Binghamton</a> to honor him. Furthermore, Binghamton's resident university <a href="/wiki/Binghamton_University" title="Binghamton University">Binghamton University</a> recognizes Bingham through the naming of Bingham Hall. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Bingham&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He married <a href="/wiki/Ann_Willing_Bingham" title="Ann Willing Bingham">Anne Willing</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Willing" title="Thomas Willing">Thomas Willing</a>, President of the <a href="/wiki/First_Bank_of_the_United_States" title="First Bank of the United States">First Bank of the United States</a>, and they had two daughters and a son. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Louisa_Baring" class="mw-redirect" title="Anne Louisa Baring">Ann Louisa Bingham</a> (1782–1848).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1798, she married <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Baring,_1st_Baron_Ashburton" title="Alexander Baring, 1st Baron Ashburton">Alexander Baring, 1st Baron Ashburton</a>. They were the parents of nine children.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Matilda_Bingham" title="Maria Matilda Bingham">Maria Matilda Bingham</a> (1783–1849), who, at the age of 15, was briefly married to a French aristocrat, Jacques Alexandre, Comte de Tilly. Afterwards she married her sister's brother-in-law, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Baring" title="Henry Baring">Henry Baring</a>. They were the parents of five children. Maria and Henry were divorced in 1824; she married the Marquis de Blaisel in 1826.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>William Bingham (1800–1852), who married Marie-Charlotte Chartier de Lotbinière (1805-1866), <a href="/wiki/Seigneurial_system_of_New_France" title="Seigneurial system of New France">Seigneuresse</a> de <a href="/wiki/Rigaud,_Quebec" title="Rigaud, Quebec">Rigaud</a>, in 1822. She was the second of the three daughters and heiresses of <a href="/wiki/Michel-Eustache-Gaspard-Alain_Chartier_de_Lotbini%C3%A8re" title="Michel-Eustache-Gaspard-Alain Chartier de Lotbinière">Michel-Eustache-Gaspard-Alain Chartier de Lotbinière</a>, by his second wife Mary, daughter of <a href="/wiki/John_Munro_(loyalist)" title="John Munro (loyalist)">Captain John Munro</a>. They lived in <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> and <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>; and were the parents of six children. William Bingham settled in England and died in Kent in 1852.</li></ul> <p>Although his wife and two daughters factored prominently in the social affairs of American politics, Bingham's wife Anne died while his only son William was one year old. William Sr. left William Jr. to grow up in America with his grandfather Thomas Willing. </p><p>Bingham died on February 7, 1804, in <a href="/wiki/Bath,_Somerset" title="Bath, Somerset">Bath</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> and is interred in <a href="/wiki/Bath_Abbey" title="Bath Abbey">Bath Abbey</a>. His estate remained in the family until the death of William Alexander Baring Bingham (1858-1915) but it was not settled until 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portraits">Portraits</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Bingham&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Portraits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bingham commissioned artist <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Stuart" title="Gilbert Stuart">Gilbert Stuart</a> to paint the <a href="/wiki/Lansdowne_portrait" title="Lansdowne portrait">Lansdowne portrait</a>, a 1796 full-length portrait of President <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> that became a gift to <a href="/wiki/William_Petty,_2nd_Earl_of_Shelburne" title="William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne">Lord Lansdowne</a>. As <a href="/wiki/British_Prime_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="British Prime Minister">British Prime Minister</a>, Lansdowne had secured a peaceful end to the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>, and the portrait was commissioned soon after the American approval of the <a href="/wiki/Jay_Treaty" title="Jay Treaty">Jay Treaty</a>. Stuart also painted portraits of Bingham, his wife and children. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gilbert_Stuart_-_George_Washington_(Lansdowne_Portrait)_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="George Washington (Lansdowne Portrait) (1796) by Gilbert Stuart, National Portrait Gallery (United States)."><img alt="George Washington (Lansdowne Portrait) (1796) by Gilbert Stuart, National Portrait Gallery (United States)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Gilbert_Stuart_-_George_Washington_%28Lansdowne_Portrait%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/75px-Gilbert_Stuart_-_George_Washington_%28Lansdowne_Portrait%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Gilbert_Stuart_-_George_Washington_%28Lansdowne_Portrait%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/113px-Gilbert_Stuart_-_George_Washington_%28Lansdowne_Portrait%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Gilbert_Stuart_-_George_Washington_%28Lansdowne_Portrait%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/151px-Gilbert_Stuart_-_George_Washington_%28Lansdowne_Portrait%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6661" data-file-height="10582" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>George Washington (Lansdowne Portrait)</i> (1796) by Gilbert Stuart, <a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery_(United_States)" title="National Portrait Gallery (United States)">National Portrait Gallery (United States)</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Bingham.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="William Bingham (1797), by Gilbert Stuart, Baring archive, ING Bank NV, London."><img alt="William Bingham (1797), by Gilbert Stuart, Baring archive, ING Bank NV, London." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/William_Bingham.jpg/97px-William_Bingham.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/William_Bingham.jpg/145px-William_Bingham.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/William_Bingham.jpg/193px-William_Bingham.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1478" data-file-height="1833" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>William Bingham</i> (1797), by Gilbert Stuart, Baring archive, ING Bank NV, London.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gilbert_Charles_Stuart,_American_-_Portrait_of_Anne_Willing_Bingham_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Anne Willing Bingham (1797) by Gilbert Stuart, Philadelphia Museum of Art."><img alt="Anne Willing Bingham (1797) by Gilbert Stuart, Philadelphia Museum of Art." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Gilbert_Charles_Stuart%2C_American_-_Portrait_of_Anne_Willing_Bingham_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/100px-Gilbert_Charles_Stuart%2C_American_-_Portrait_of_Anne_Willing_Bingham_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Gilbert_Charles_Stuart%2C_American_-_Portrait_of_Anne_Willing_Bingham_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/150px-Gilbert_Charles_Stuart%2C_American_-_Portrait_of_Anne_Willing_Bingham_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Gilbert_Charles_Stuart%2C_American_-_Portrait_of_Anne_Willing_Bingham_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/199px-Gilbert_Charles_Stuart%2C_American_-_Portrait_of_Anne_Willing_Bingham_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3573" data-file-height="4297" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Anne Willing Bingham</i> (1797) by Gilbert Stuart, <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art" title="Philadelphia Museum of Art">Philadelphia Museum of Art</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Bingham&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Pennsylvania_House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives">Speaker of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_richest_Americans_in_history" title="List of richest Americans in history">List of richest Americans in history</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Bingham&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-MAGDE-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MAGDE_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MAGDE_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MAGDE_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MAGDE_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMaine_League_of_Historical_Societies_and_Museums1970" class="citation book cs1">Maine League of Historical Societies and Museums (1970). Isaacson, Doris A. (ed.). <i>Maine: A Guide 'Down East'<span></span></i>. Rockland, Me: Courier-Gazette, Inc. pp. 381–382.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maine%3A+A+Guide+%27Down+East%27&rft.place=Rockland%2C+Me&rft.pages=381-382&rft.pub=Courier-Gazette%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1970&rft.au=Maine+League+of+Historical+Societies+and+Museums&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Bingham" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-richestUS-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-richestUS_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-richestUS_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpingola2011" class="citation book cs1">Spingola, Deanna (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sDdKrwiDZq8C&q=%22richest%22+%22man%22+%22america%22+%221780%22&pg=PA48"><i>The Ruling Elite: a Study in Imperialism, Genocide and Emancipation</i></a>. Bloomington, IN: Trafford Publishing. p. 48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4269-5462-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4269-5462-7"><bdi>978-1-4269-5462-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 13,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ruling+Elite%3A+a+Study+in+Imperialism%2C+Genocide+and+Emancipation&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+IN&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=Trafford+Publishing&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4269-5462-7&rft.aulast=Spingola&rft.aufirst=Deanna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsDdKrwiDZq8C%26q%3D%2522richest%2522%2B%2522man%2522%2B%2522america%2522%2B%25221780%2522%26pg%3DPA48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Bingham" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. E. Cokayne, with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors. The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 13 volumes in 14 (1910-1959; reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), volume I, page 277.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://franklinpapers.org/franklin/framedVolumes.jsp?vol=22&page=369b">The Committee of Secret Correspondence to Silas Deane, July 8, 1776</a>, franklinpapers.org</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hinman, Marjory Barnum, Bingham's Land, Whitney's Town. p.14 (1996) Broome County Historical Society.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Franklin_County,_Maine-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Franklin_County,_Maine_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://newenglandtowns.org/maine/franklin-county">http://newenglandtowns.org/maine/franklin-county</a> "Franklin County, Maine", <i>New England Towns</i>. Retrieved November 22, 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hinman, Marjory Barnum (1996). Pages 17-21, Bingham's Land, Whitney's Town. Broome County Historical Society.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alberts, page 222.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alberts, page 166.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=William+Bingham">"William Bingham"</a>. <i>American Philosophical Society Member History</i>. <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 14,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Philosophical+Society+Member+History&rft.atitle=William+Bingham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.amphilsoc.org%2Fmemhist%2Fsearch%3Fcreator%3DWilliam%2BBingham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Bingham" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alberts, page 195.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alberts, page 239.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCox" class="citation web cs1">Cox, Harold. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/harold.cox/legis/SB.html">"Senate Members B"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Wilkes_University_Election_Statistics_Project" title="Wilkes University Election Statistics Project">Wilkes University Election Statistics Project</a></i>. Wilkes University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wilkes+University+Election+Statistics+Project&rft.atitle=Senate+Members+B&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=Harold&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstaffweb.wilkes.edu%2Fharold.cox%2Flegis%2FSB.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Bingham" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Green, Nathaniel C. “‘The Focus of the Wills of Converging Millions’: Public Opposition to the Jay Treaty and the Origins of the People’s Presidency.” <i>Journal of the Early Republic</i>, vol. 37, no. 3, 2017, p. 459. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/90014952">JSTOR website</a> Retrieved 21 Dec. 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The proceedings of the Senate at a session specially called on March 4, 1797, Journal of the Senate of the United States of America, 1789-1873</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alberts, page 337.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mainememory.net/artifact/10122">"Lady Ashburton"</a>. Maine Memory Network.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lady+Ashburton&rft.pub=Maine+Memory+Network&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mainememory.net%2Fartifact%2F10122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Bingham" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alberts, page 427.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Associated Press. "Heirs of 1804 Trust to Divide $840,000." New York Times. November 15, 1964. Page One.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Bingham&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Robert C. Alberts, <i>The Golden Voyage: The Life and Times of William Bingham</i>, 1969, Houghton Mifflin.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Bingham&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:William_Bingham" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:William Bingham">William Bingham</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Archival_Collections">Archival Collections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Bingham&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Archival Collections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt6199q6b6/">Guide to the Land Grant to William Bingham, Esq., for Property in Lycoming County from Thomas Mifflin, Governor of Pennsylvania.</a> Special Collections and Archives, The UC Irvine Libraries, Irvine, California.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Bingham&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_CongressB000474" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000474">"William Bingham (id: B000474)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=William+Bingham+%28id%3A+B000474%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DB000474&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Bingham" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://virtualology.com/apwilliambingham/">Biography at Virtualology.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/features/1700s/people/bingham_wm.html">Biography and portrait at the University of Pennsylvania</a></li> <li>The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hsp.org/files/findingaid0053bingham.pdf">William Bingham Correspondence </a>, including letters from 1791 to 1803, are available for research use at the <a href="/wiki/Historical_Society_of_Pennsylvania" title="Historical Society of Pennsylvania">Historical Society of Pennsylvania</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/bingham.html">The Political Graveyard</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Morris_(merchant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Morris (merchant)">Robert Morris</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Pennsylvania" title="List of United States senators from Pennsylvania"> U.S. senator (Class 3) from Pennsylvania</a> </b><br />1795–1801 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/James_Ross_(Pennsylvania_congressman)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Ross (Pennsylvania congressman)">James Ross</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Muhlenberg" title="Peter Muhlenberg">John Peter G. Muhlenberg</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Livermore" title="Samuel Livermore">Samuel Livermore</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore of the United States Senate</a> </b><br />1797 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Bradford_(1729-1808)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Bradford (1729-1808)">William Bradford</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Office Created</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Pennsylvania_House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives">Speaker of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives</a> </b><br />1791–1792 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Gerardus_Wynkoop_II" title="Gerardus Wynkoop II">Gerardus Wynkoop II</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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Maclay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Gallatin" title="Albert Gallatin">Gallatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ross_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="James Ross (Pennsylvania politician)">Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Maclay" title="Samuel Maclay">S. Maclay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Leib" title="Michael Leib">Leib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Roberts_(politician)" title="Jonathan Roberts (politician)">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Findlay_(governor)" title="William Findlay (governor)">Findlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_D._Barnard" title="Isaac D. Barnard">Barnard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Dallas" title="George M. Dallas">Dallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_McKean" title="Samuel McKean">McKean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Sturgeon" title="Daniel Sturgeon">Sturgeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Brodhead" title="Richard Brodhead">Brodhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Cameron" title="Simon Cameron">S. Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Wilmot" title="David Wilmot">Wilmot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Buckalew" title="Charles R. Buckalew">Buckalew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Scott_(Pennsylvania_politician,_born_1824)" title="John Scott (Pennsylvania politician, born 1824)">J. Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Wallace" title="William A. Wallace">Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_I._Mitchell" title="John I. Mitchell">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Quay" title="Matthew Quay">Quay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philander_C._Knox" title="Philander C. Knox">Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_T._Oliver" title="George T. Oliver">Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philander_C._Knox" title="Philander C. Knox">Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Crow" title="William E. Crow">Crow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_A._Reed" title="David A. Reed">Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_F._Guffey" title="Joseph F. Guffey">Guffey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Martin_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="Edward Martin (Pennsylvania politician)">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Scott" title="Hugh Scott">H. Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Heinz" title="John Heinz">Heinz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harris_Wofford" title="Harris Wofford">Wofford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Santorum" title="Rick Santorum">Santorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Casey_Jr." title="Bob Casey Jr.">Casey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_McCormick" title="David McCormick">McCormick</a> <i>(elect)</i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="United States Senate"><img alt="United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 3</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Morris_(financier)" title="Robert Morris (financier)">Morris</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Muhlenberg" title="Peter Muhlenberg">Muhlenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Logan_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="George Logan (Pennsylvania politician)">Logan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Gregg" title="Andrew Gregg">Gregg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abner_Lacock" title="Abner Lacock">Lacock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Lowrie_(politician)" title="Walter Lowrie (politician)">Lowrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Marks_(politician)" title="William Marks (politician)">Marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wilkins_(American_politician)" title="William Wilkins (American politician)">Wilkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Cameron" title="Simon Cameron">S. Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cooper_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="James Cooper (Pennsylvania politician)">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bigler" title="William Bigler">Bigler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Cowan" title="Edgar Cowan">Cowan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Cameron" title="Simon Cameron">S. Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Donald_Cameron" title="J. Donald Cameron">J. Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boies_Penrose" title="Boies Penrose">Penrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Pepper" title="George W. Pepper">Pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Scott_Vare" title="William Scott Vare">Vare</a><sup><a href="#Notes">†</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_R._Grundy" title="Joseph R. Grundy">Grundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_J._Davis" title="James J. Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_J._Myers" title="Francis J. Myers">Myers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Duff" title="James H. Duff">Duff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_S._Clark_Jr." title="Joseph S. Clark Jr.">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Schweiker" title="Richard Schweiker">Schweiker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlen_Specter" title="Arlen Specter">Specter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Toomey" title="Pat Toomey">Toomey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fetterman" title="John Fetterman">Fetterman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><sup>†</sup> Never officially seated</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Senate_presidents_pro_tempore" title="Template:US Senate presidents pro tempore"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Senate_presidents_pro_tempore" title="Template talk:US Senate presidents pro tempore"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Senate_presidents_pro_tempore" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Senate presidents pro tempore"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">Presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="color:#00cc22;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Langdon_(politician)" title="John Langdon (politician)">Langdon</a> (1789)</li> <li><span style="color:#CCFF66;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Henry_Lee" title="Richard Henry Lee">Lee</a> (1792)</li> <li><span style="color:#00cc22;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Langdon_(politician)" title="John Langdon (politician)">Langdon</a> (1792–1793)</li> <li><span style="color:#00cc22;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Izard" title="Ralph Izard">Izard</a> (1794)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Tazewell" title="Henry Tazewell">H. Tazewell</a> (1795)</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Livermore" title="Samuel Livermore">Livermore</a> (1796)</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bingham</a> (1797)</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/William_Bradford_(Rhode_Island_politician)" title="William Bradford (Rhode Island politician)">Bradford</a> (1979)</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Read" title="Jacob Read">Read</a> (1797)</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sedgwick" title="Theodore Sedgwick">Sedgwick</a> (1798)</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Laurance" title="John Laurance">Laurance</a> (1798)</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/James_Ross_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="James Ross (Pennsylvania politician)">Ross</a> (1799)</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Livermore" title="Samuel Livermore">Livermore</a> (1799)</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Uriah_Tracy" title="Uriah Tracy">Tracy</a> (1800)</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Eager_Howard" title="John Eager Howard">Howard</a> (1800)</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/James_Hillhouse" title="James Hillhouse">Hillhouse</a> (1801)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Baldwin" title="Abraham Baldwin">Baldwin</a> (1801–1802)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Stephen_R._Bradley" title="Stephen R. Bradley">Bradley</a> (1802–1803)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Brown_(Kentucky_politician,_born_1757)" title="John Brown (Kentucky politician, born 1757)">Brown</a> (1803–1804)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Franklin" title="Jesse Franklin">Franklin</a> (1804)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Anderson_(Tennessee_politician)" title="Joseph Anderson (Tennessee politician)">Anderson</a> (1805)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Smith_(Maryland_politician)" title="Samuel Smith (Maryland politician)">Smith</a> (1805–1808)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Stephen_R._Bradley" title="Stephen R. Bradley">Bradley</a> (1808–1809)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Milledge" title="John Milledge">Milledge</a> (1809)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Gregg" title="Andrew Gregg">Gregg</a> (1809)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Gaillard" title="John Gaillard">Gaillard</a> (1810)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Pope_(Kentucky_politician)" title="John Pope (Kentucky politician)">Pope</a> (1811)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/William_H._Crawford" title="William H. Crawford">Crawford</a> (1812–1813)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bradley_Varnum" title="Joseph Bradley Varnum">Varnum</a> (1813–1814)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Gaillard" title="John Gaillard">Gaillard</a> (1814–1819)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/James_Barbour" title="James Barbour">Barbour</a> (1819)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Gaillard" title="John Gaillard">Gaillard</a> (1820–1825)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Macon" title="Nathaniel Macon">Macon</a> (1826–1827)</li> <li><span style="color:#DDEEFF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Smith_(Maryland_politician)" title="Samuel Smith (Maryland politician)">Smith</a> (1828–1831)</li> <li><span style="color:#DDEEFF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Littleton_Waller_Tazewell" title="Littleton Waller Tazewell">L. Tazewell</a> (1832)</li> <li><span style="color:#DDEEFF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Lawson_White" title="Hugh Lawson White">White</a> (1832–1833)</li> <li><span style="color:#FFE6B0;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/George_Poindexter" title="George Poindexter">Poindexter</a> (1834)</li> <li><span style="color:#FFE6B0;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Tyler" title="John Tyler">Tyler</a> (1835)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/William_R._King" title="William R. King">W. R. King</a> (1836–1841)</li> <li><span style="color:#F0C862;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Southard" title="Samuel L. Southard">Southard</a> (1841–1842)</li> <li><span style="color:#F0C862;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Willie_P._Mangum" title="Willie P. Mangum">Mangum</a> (1842–1845)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Hundley_Sevier" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambrose Hundley Sevier">Sevier</a> (1845)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/David_Rice_Atchison" title="David Rice Atchison">Atchison</a> (1846–1849)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/William_R._King" title="William R. King">W. R. King</a> (1850–1852)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/David_Rice_Atchison" title="David Rice Atchison">Atchison</a> (1852–1854)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cass" title="Lewis Cass">Cass</a> (1854)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jesse_D._Bright" title="Jesse D. Bright">Bright</a> (1854–1856)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Stuart" title="Charles E. Stuart">Stuart</a> (1856)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jesse_D._Bright" title="Jesse D. Bright">Bright</a> (1856–1857)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/James_M._Mason" title="James M. Mason">Mason</a> (1857)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_Rusk" title="Thomas Jefferson Rusk">Rusk</a> (1857)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Fitzpatrick" title="Benjamin Fitzpatrick">Fitzpatrick</a> (1857–1860)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jesse_D._Bright" title="Jesse D. Bright">Bright</a> (1860)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Fitzpatrick" title="Benjamin Fitzpatrick">Fitzpatrick</a> (1860)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Foot" title="Solomon Foot">Foot</a> (1861–1864)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Clark_(New_Hampshire_politician)" title="Daniel Clark (New Hampshire politician)">Clark</a> (1864–1865)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Lafayette_S._Foster" title="Lafayette S. Foster">Foster</a> (1865–1867)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Wade" title="Benjamin Wade">Wade</a> (1867–1869)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Henry_B._Anthony" title="Henry B. Anthony">Anthony</a> (1869–1873)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Matthew_H._Carpenter" title="Matthew H. Carpenter">Carpenter</a> (1873–1875)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Henry_B._Anthony" title="Henry B. Anthony">Anthony</a> (1875)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._Ferry" title="Thomas W. Ferry">Ferry</a> (1875–1879)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Allen_G._Thurman" title="Allen G. Thurman">Thurman</a> (1879–1880)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_F._Bayard" title="Thomas F. Bayard">Bayard</a> (1881)</li> <li><span style="color:#DDDDBB;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/David_Davis_(Supreme_Court_justice)" title="David Davis (Supreme Court justice)">Davis</a> (1881–1883)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/George_F._Edmunds" title="George F. Edmunds">Edmunds</a> (1883–1885)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Sherman" title="John Sherman">Sherman</a> (1885–1887)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_J._Ingalls" title="John J. Ingalls">Ingalls</a> (1887–1891)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Manderson" title="Charles F. Manderson">Manderson</a> (1891–1893)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Isham_G._Harris" title="Isham G. Harris">Harris</a> (1893–1895)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Matt_W._Ransom" title="Matt W. Ransom">Ransom</a> (1895)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Isham_G._Harris" title="Isham G. Harris">Harris</a> (1895)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/William_P._Frye" title="William P. Frye">Frye</a> (1896–1911)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Augustus_O._Bacon" title="Augustus O. Bacon">Bacon</a>/ <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Curtis" title="Charles Curtis">Curtis</a>/ <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jacob_H._Gallinger" title="Jacob H. Gallinger">Gallinger</a>/ <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Frank_B._Brandegee" title="Frank B. Brandegee">Brandegee</a>/ <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge" title="Henry Cabot Lodge">Lodge</a> (1911–1913)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/James_P._Clarke" title="James P. Clarke">Clarke</a> (1913–1916)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Willard_Saulsbury_Jr." title="Willard Saulsbury Jr.">Saulsbury</a> (1916–1919)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Albert_B._Cummins" title="Albert B. Cummins">Cummins</a> (1919–1925)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/George_H._Moses" title="George H. Moses">Moses</a> (1925–1933)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Key_Pittman" title="Key Pittman">Pittman</a> (1933–1940)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/William_H._King" title="William H. King">W. H. King</a> (1940–1941)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Pat_Harrison" title="Pat Harrison">Harrison</a> (1941)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Carter_Glass" title="Carter Glass">Glass</a> (1941–1945)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_McKellar_(politician)" title="Kenneth McKellar (politician)">McKellar</a> (1945–1947)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Vandenberg" title="Arthur Vandenberg">Vandenberg</a> (1947–1949)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_McKellar_(politician)" title="Kenneth McKellar (politician)">McKellar</a> (1949–1953)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Styles_Bridges" title="Styles Bridges">Bridges</a> (1953–1955)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Walter_F._George" title="Walter F. George">George</a> (1955–1957)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Hayden" title="Carl Hayden">Hayden</a> (1957–1969)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Russell_Jr." title="Richard Russell Jr.">Russell</a> (1969–1971)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Allen_J._Ellender" title="Allen J. Ellender">Ellender</a> (1971–1972)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/James_Eastland" title="James Eastland">Eastland</a> (1972–1978)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Warren_Magnuson" title="Warren Magnuson">Magnuson</a> (1979–1980)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Milton_Young" title="Milton Young">Young</a> (1980)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Warren_Magnuson" title="Warren Magnuson">Magnuson</a> (1980–1981)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Thurmond</a> (1981–1987)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_C._Stennis" title="John C. Stennis">Stennis</a> (1987–1989)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrd" title="Robert Byrd">Byrd</a> (1989–1995)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Thurmond</a> (1995–2001)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrd" title="Robert Byrd">Byrd</a> (2001)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Thurmond</a> (2001)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrd" title="Robert Byrd">Byrd</a> (2001–2003)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Ted_Stevens" title="Ted Stevens">Stevens</a> (2003–2007)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrd" title="Robert Byrd">Byrd</a> (2007–2010)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Inouye" title="Daniel Inouye">Inouye</a> (2010–2012)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Leahy" title="Patrick Leahy">Leahy</a> (2012–2015)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Orrin_Hatch" title="Orrin Hatch">Hatch</a> (2015–2019)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">Grassley</a> (2019–2021)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Leahy" title="Patrick Leahy">Leahy</a> (2021–2023)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Patty_Murray" title="Patty Murray">Murray</a> (2023–present)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Pro_Tempore_US_Senate_Seal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States Senate President Pro Tempore"><img alt="Seal of the United States Senate President Pro Tempore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/President_Pro_Tempore_US_Senate_Seal.svg/90px-President_Pro_Tempore_US_Senate_Seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/President_Pro_Tempore_US_Senate_Seal.svg/135px-President_Pro_Tempore_US_Senate_Seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/President_Pro_Tempore_US_Senate_Seal.svg/180px-President_Pro_Tempore_US_Senate_Seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="304" data-file-height="304" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span style="color:#00cc22;">▌</span> Pro-Administration</li> <li><span style="color:#CCFF66;">▌</span> Anti-Administration</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> Federalist</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> Democratic-Republican</li> <li><span style="color:#DDEEFF;">▌</span> Jacksonian</li> <li><span style="color:#FFE6B0;">▌</span> National Republican</li> <li><span style="color:#F0C862;">▌</span> Whig</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> Democratic</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> Republican</li> <li><span style="color:#DDDDBB;">▌</span> Independent</li></ul> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Presidents_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Category:Presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Presidents_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="List of presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Speakers_of_the_Pennsylvania_House_of_Representatives" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Speakers_of_the_Pennsylvania_House_of_Representatives" title="Template:Speakers of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Speakers_of_the_Pennsylvania_House_of_Representatives" title="Template talk:Speakers of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Speakers_of_the_Pennsylvania_House_of_Representatives" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Speakers of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Speakers_of_the_Pennsylvania_House_of_Representatives" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_Pennsylvania_House_of_Representatives" title="List of speakers of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives">Speakers of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerardus_Wynkoop_II" title="Gerardus Wynkoop II">Wynkoop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Latimer_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="George Latimer (Pennsylvania politician)">Latimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadwalader_Evans" title="Cadwalader Evans">Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Weaver,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Isaac Weaver, Jr.">Weaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Snyder" title="Simon Snyder">Snyder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Porter_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="Charles Porter (Pennsylvania politician)">Porter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Snyder" title="Simon Snyder">Snyder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Boileau" title="Nathaniel Boileau">Boileau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Engle" title="James Engle">Engle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Weber_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="John Weber (Pennsylvania politician)">Weber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tod" title="John Tod">Tod</a></li> <li>R. Smith</li> <li>St. Clair</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Holgate" title="Jacob Holgate">Holgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rees_Hill" title="Rees Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Davidson_(Pennsylvania_representative)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Davidson (Pennsylvania representative)">Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rees_Hill" title="Rees Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lawrence_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="Joseph Lawrence (Pennsylvania politician)">J. Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gilmore_(representative)" title="John Gilmore (representative)">Gilmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lawrence_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="Joseph Lawrence (Pennsylvania politician)">J. Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Barlow_Sutherland" class="mw-redirect" title="Joel Barlow Sutherland">Sutherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ritner" title="Joseph Ritner">Ritner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ner_Middleswarth" title="Ner Middleswarth">Middleswarth</a></li> <li>F. Smith</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Laporte_(politician)" title="John Laporte (politician)">Laporte</a></li> <li>Findley</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Anderson_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="Samuel Anderson (Pennsylvania politician)">Anderson</a></li> <li>W. Patterson</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Thompson_(jurist)" title="James Thompson (jurist)">J. Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ner_Middleswarth" title="Ner Middleswarth">Middleswarth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Dewart" title="Lewis Dewart">Dewart</a></li> <li>Hopkins</li> <li>Crabb</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ross_Snowden" title="James Ross Snowden">Snowden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hendrick_Bradley_Wright" class="mw-redirect" title="Hendrick Bradley Wright">H. Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ross_Snowden" title="James Ross Snowden">Snowden</a></li> <li>F. Patterson</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cooper_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="James Cooper (Pennsylvania politician)">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Packer" title="William F. Packer">Packer</a></li> <li>McCalmont</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cessna" title="John Cessna">Cessna</a></li> <li>Rhey</li> <li>Schell</li> <li>Chase</li> <li>Strong</li> <li>R. Wright</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lawrence_Getz" title="James Lawrence Getz">Getz</a></li> <li>Longaker</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Caldwell_Anderson_Lawrence" title="William Caldwell Anderson Lawrence">W. Lawrence</a></li> <li>Davis</li> <li>Rowe</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cessna" title="John Cessna">Cessna</a></li> <li>Johnson</li> <li>Olmstead</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_R._Kelley_(Pennsylvania_state_representative)" title="James R. Kelley (Pennsylvania state representative)">Kelley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_P._Glass" title="John P. Glass">Glass</a></li> <li>Davis</li> <li>Clark</li> <li>Strang</li> <li>Webb</li> <li>Elliott</li> <li>McCormick</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_F._Patterson" title="Samuel F. Patterson">S. Patterson</a></li> <li>Myer</li> <li>Long</li> <li>Hewitt</li> <li>Faunce</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_L._Graham" title="James L. Graham">Graham</a></li> <li>Boyer</li> <li>C. Thompson</li> <li>Walton</li> <li>Boyer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Farr" title="John R. Farr">Farr</a></li> <li>Marshall</li> <li>Walton</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_B._McClain" title="Frank B. McClain">McClain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Cox" title="John F. Cox">Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_William_Shreve" class="mw-redirect" title="Milton William Shreve">Shreve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_E._Alter" title="George E. Alter">Alter</a></li> <li>Ambler</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Baldwin" title="Richard J. Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li>Spangler</li> <li>Whitaker</li> <li>Goodnough</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bluett_(politician)" title="Thomas Bluett (politician)">Bluett</a></li> <li>McClure</li> <li>Hess</li> <li>Goodnough</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grover_C._Talbot" title="Grover C. Talbot">Talbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_G._Sarig" title="Wilson G. Sarig">Sarig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_E._Furman" title="Roy E. Furman">Furman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellwood_J._Turner" title="Ellwood J. Turner">Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmer_Kilroy" title="Elmer Kilroy">Kilroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ira_T._Fiss" title="Ira T. Fiss">Fiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_H._Lichtenwalter" title="Franklin H. Lichtenwalter">Lichtenwalter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Peter_Sorg" title="Herbert Peter Sorg">Sorg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_C._Smith_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="Charles C. Smith (Pennsylvania politician)">C. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiram_G._Andrews" title="Hiram G. Andrews">Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Stuart_Helm" title="W. Stuart Helm">Helm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiram_G._Andrews" title="Hiram G. Andrews">Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Stuart_Helm" title="W. Stuart Helm">Helm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_K._Hamilton" title="Robert K. Hamilton">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_B._Lee" title="Kenneth B. Lee">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Fineman" title="Herbert Fineman">Fineman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_B._Lee" title="Kenneth B. Lee">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Fineman" title="Herbert Fineman">Fineman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Leroy_Irvis" title="K. Leroy Irvis">Irvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._Jack_Seltzer" title="H. Jack Seltzer">Seltzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_J._Ryan" title="Matthew J. Ryan">Ryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Leroy_Irvis" title="K. Leroy Irvis">Irvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_J._Manderino" title="James J. Manderino">Manderino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_O%27Donnell" title="Bob O'Donnell">O'Donnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_DeWeese" title="Bill DeWeese">DeWeese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_J._Ryan" title="Matthew J. Ryan">Ryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Perzel" title="John Perzel">Perzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_M._O%27Brien" title="Dennis M. O'Brien">O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_R._McCall" title="Keith R. McCall">McCall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_H._Smith_(politician)" title="Samuel H. Smith (politician)">S. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Turzai" title="Mike Turzai">Turzai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Cutler" title="Bryan Cutler">Cutler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Rozzi" title="Mark Rozzi">Rozzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanna_McClinton" title="Joanna McClinton">McClinton</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_Pennsylvania_House_of_Representatives.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives"><img alt="Seal of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Seal_of_the_Pennsylvania_House_of_Representatives.svg/90px-Seal_of_the_Pennsylvania_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Seal_of_the_Pennsylvania_House_of_Representatives.svg/135px-Seal_of_the_Pennsylvania_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Seal_of_the_Pennsylvania_House_of_Representatives.svg/180px-Seal_of_the_Pennsylvania_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="280" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pennsylvania_state_legislatures" title="List of Pennsylvania state legislatures">List of Pennsylvania state legislatures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113530#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113530#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113530#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/47140944">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/73059/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJrGrDR7PwCC869Ddc4jG3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1146884974">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81056857">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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