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class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Evolution of the Bromelioideae</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evolution_of_the_Bromelioideae-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Classification</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Classification-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Classification subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Subfamilies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subfamilies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Subfamilies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subfamilies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Genera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hybrid_genera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hybrid_genera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Hybrid genera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hybrid_genera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distribution_and_habitat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribution_and_habitat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Distribution and habitat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution_and_habitat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ecology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultivation_and_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultivation_and_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Cultivation and uses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cultivation_and_uses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Cultivation and uses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cultivation_and_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Collectors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collectors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Collectors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collectors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bromeliaceae</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 63 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-63" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">63 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromeliaceae" title="Bromeliaceae – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bromeliaceae" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="بروميلية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بروميلية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromeliaceae" title="Bromeliaceae – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bromeliaceae" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromeliyakimil%C9%99r" title="Bromeliyakimilər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bromeliyakimilər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="آناناسیان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آناناسیان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Брамеліевыя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Брамеліевыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Бромелиеви – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бромелиеви" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromeliaceae" title="Bromeliaceae – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bromeliaceae" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromeli%C3%A0cies" title="Bromeliàcies – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bromeliàcies" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromeliaceae" title="Bromeliaceae – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Bromeliaceae" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brom%C3%A9liovit%C3%A9" title="Broméliovité – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Broméliovité" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ananas-familien" title="Ananas-familien – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ananas-familien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromeliengew%C3%A4chse" title="Bromeliengewächse – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bromeliengewächse" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromeelialised" title="Bromeelialised – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bromeelialised" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromeliaceae" title="Bromeliaceae – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bromeliaceae" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromeliacoj" title="Bromeliacoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bromeliacoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromeliaceae" title="Bromeliaceae – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bromeliaceae" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="آناناسیان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آناناسیان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromeliaceae" title="Bromeliaceae – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bromeliaceae" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%B3im%C3%A9ileach" title="Bróiméileach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bróiméileach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%B8%EC%95%A0%ED%94%8C%EA%B3%BC" title="파인애플과 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="파인애플과" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromelijowe_rostliny" title="Bromelijowe rostliny – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Bromelijowe rostliny" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamjanikovke" title="Tamjanikovke – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tamjanikovke" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromeliaceae" title="Bromeliaceae – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bromeliaceae" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromeliaceae" title="Bromeliaceae – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bromeliaceae" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="ברומליים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ברומליים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromeliaceae" title="Bromeliaceae – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Bromeliaceae" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ბრომელიასებრნი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბრომელიასებრნი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fam%C3%AEleya_bromeliyayan" title="Famîleya bromeliyayan – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Famîleya bromeliyayan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromeliaceae" title="Bromeliaceae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Bromeliaceae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brom%C4%93liju_dzimta" title="Bromēliju dzimta – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bromēliju dzimta" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromelijiniai" title="Bromelijiniai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bromelijiniai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromelia" title="Bromelia – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Bromelia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromeliaceae" title="Bromeliaceae – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Bromeliaceae" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brom%C3%A9liaf%C3%A9l%C3%A9k" title="Broméliafélék – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Broméliafélék" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF" title="ബ്രൊമെല്യേസി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബ്രൊമെല്യേസി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87" title="بروميليه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بروميليه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromeliaceae" title="Bromeliaceae – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bromeliaceae" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromeliafamilie" title="Bromeliafamilie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bromeliafamilie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8A%E3%83%83%E3%83%97%E3%83%AB%E7%A7%91" title="パイナップル科 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パイナップル科" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromeelienplaanten" title="Bromeelienplaanten – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Bromeelienplaanten" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ananasfamilien" title="Ananasfamilien – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ananasfamilien" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ananasfamilien" title="Ananasfamilien – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ananasfamilien" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="برومیلی ٹبر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="برومیلی ٹبر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromeliowate" title="Bromeliowate – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bromeliowate" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromeliaceae" title="Bromeliaceae – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bromeliaceae" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromeliaceae" title="Bromeliaceae – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bromeliaceae" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%27awar_yura_rikch%27aq_ayllu" title="Ch'awar yura rikch'aq ayllu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ch'awar yura rikch'aq ayllu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5" title="Бромелиевые – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бромелиевые" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromeliaceae" title="Bromeliaceae – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Bromeliaceae" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromeliad" title="Bromeliad – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bromeliad" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromeliaceae" title="Bromeliaceae – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Bromeliaceae" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ananaskasvit" title="Ananaskasvit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ananaskasvit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ananasv%C3%A4xter" title="Ananasväxter – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ananasväxter" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF" title="బ్రొమిలియేసి – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బ్రొమిలియేసి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94" title="วงศ์สับปะรด – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วงศ์สับปะรด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ananasgiller" title="Ananasgiller – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ananasgiller" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%94%D0%B2%D1%96" title="Бромелієві – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бромелієві" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%8D_D%E1%BB%A9a" title="Họ Dứa – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Họ Dứa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromeliaceae" title="Bromeliaceae – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bromeliaceae" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%A4%E6%A2%A8%E7%A7%91" title="凤梨科 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="凤梨科" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Family of monocot flowering plants</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Bromeliad" redirects here. For the trilogy of children's books, see <a href="/wiki/The_Nome_Trilogy" title="The Nome Trilogy">The Nome Trilogy</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Bromeliaceae<br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: <span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">100–0 <a href="/wiki/Megaannum" class="mw-redirect" title="Megaannum">Ma</a></span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">PreꞒ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:18.073846153846px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Ꞓ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.710769230769px; width:14.08px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:69.790769230769px; width:8.3261538461539px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:78.116923076923px; width:20.409230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.526153846154px; width:20.307692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.092984615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.83384615385px; width:19.089230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:170.92307692308px; width:26.738461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.543692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20523076923px; width:6.9215384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:186.15384615385px; width:33.846153846154px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:186.15384615385px; width:33.846153846154px; background-color:#360; opacity:1;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:187.15384615385px; width:31.846153846154px; background-color:#6c3;"></div> </div> </div></span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Pineapple1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Pineapple1.JPG/220px-Pineapple1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Pineapple1.JPG/330px-Pineapple1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Pineapple1.JPG/440px-Pineapple1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><a href="/wiki/Pineapple" title="Pineapple">Pineapple</a> (<i>Ananas comosus</i>), a bromeliad of economic importance </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Bromeliaceae" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monocotyledon" title="Monocotyledon">Monocots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Commelinids" title="Commelinids">Commelinids</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Poales" title="Poales">Poales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bromeliaceae</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Laurent_de_Jussieu" title="Antoine Laurent de Jussieu">Juss.</a><sup id="cite_ref-apgiii_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apgiii-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Subfamilies </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brocchinioideae" class="mw-redirect" title="Brocchinioideae">Brocchinioideae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromelioideae" title="Bromelioideae">Bromelioideae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hechtioideae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hechtioideae">Hechtioideae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindmanioideae" title="Lindmanioideae">Lindmanioideae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navioideae" title="Navioideae">Navioideae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairnioideae" title="Pitcairnioideae">Pitcairnioideae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puyoideae" class="mw-redirect" title="Puyoideae">Puyoideae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tillandsioideae" title="Tillandsioideae">Tillandsioideae</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:WorldBromeliadDistribution.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/WorldBromeliadDistribution.PNG/220px-WorldBromeliadDistribution.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/WorldBromeliadDistribution.PNG/330px-WorldBromeliadDistribution.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/WorldBromeliadDistribution.PNG/440px-WorldBromeliadDistribution.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="617" /></a></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p>The <b>Bromeliaceae</b> (the <b>bromeliads</b>) are a <a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a> of <a href="/wiki/Monocot" class="mw-redirect" title="Monocot">monocot</a> <a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">flowering plants</a> of about 80 genera and 3700 known species,<sup id="cite_ref-EOBs_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EOBs-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> native mainly to the <a href="/wiki/Tropics" title="Tropics">tropical</a> <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a>, with several species found in the American <a href="/wiki/Subtropics" title="Subtropics">subtropics</a> and one in tropical <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">west Africa</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Pitcairnia_feliciana" title="Pitcairnia feliciana">Pitcairnia feliciana</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mabberley_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mabberley-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is among the <a href="/wiki/Basal_(phylogenetics)" title="Basal (phylogenetics)">basal</a> families within the <a href="/wiki/Poales" title="Poales">Poales</a> and is the only family within the order that has <a href="/wiki/Septal_nectary" class="mw-redirect" title="Septal nectary">septal nectaries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ovary_(plants)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ovary (plants)">inferior ovaries</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Judd_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Judd-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These <a href="/wiki/Ovary_(plants)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ovary (plants)">inferior ovaries</a> characterize the <a href="/wiki/Bromelioideae" title="Bromelioideae">Bromelioideae</a>, a subfamily of the Bromeliaceae.<sup id="cite_ref-Sajo_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sajo-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The family includes both <a href="/wiki/Epiphyte" title="Epiphyte">epiphytes</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Spanish_moss" title="Spanish moss">Spanish moss</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Tillandsia_usneoides" class="mw-redirect" title="Tillandsia usneoides">Tillandsia usneoides</a></i>), and <a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_plant" title="Terrestrial plant">terrestrial</a> species, such as the <a href="/wiki/Pineapple" title="Pineapple">pineapple</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Ananas_comosus" class="mw-redirect" title="Ananas comosus">Ananas comosus</a></i>). Many bromeliads are able to store water in a structure formed by their tightly overlapping <a href="/wiki/Leaf" title="Leaf">leaf</a> bases. However, the family is diverse enough to include the tank bromeliads, grey-leaved <a href="/wiki/Epiphytic" class="mw-redirect" title="Epiphytic">epiphyte</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Tillandsia" title="Tillandsia">Tillandsia</a></i> species that gather water only from leaf structures called <a href="/wiki/Trichome" title="Trichome">trichomes</a>, and many desert-dwelling <a href="/wiki/Succulent" class="mw-redirect" title="Succulent">succulents</a>. </p><p>The largest bromeliad is <i><a href="/wiki/Puya_raimondii" title="Puya raimondii">Puya raimondii</a></i>, which reaches 3–4 metres (9.8–13.1 ft) tall in vegetative growth with a flower spike 9–10 metres (30–33 ft) tall,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the smallest is <a href="/wiki/Spanish_moss" title="Spanish moss">Spanish moss</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bromeliaceae&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bromeliad3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Bromeliad3.jpg/220px-Bromeliad3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Bromeliad3.jpg/330px-Bromeliad3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Bromeliad3.jpg/440px-Bromeliad3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Bromeliad</figcaption></figure> <p>Bromeliads are mostly <a href="/wiki/Herbaceous_plant" title="Herbaceous plant">herbaceous</a> <a href="/wiki/Perennial_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Perennial plant">perennials</a>, although a few have a more tree-like habit. Many are more or less <a href="/wiki/Succulent_plant" title="Succulent plant">succulent</a> or have other adaptations to resist drought. They may be terrestrial or <a href="/wiki/Epiphyte" title="Epiphyte">epiphytic</a>, rarely climbing (e.g. <i><a href="/wiki/Pitcairnia" title="Pitcairnia">Pitcairnia</a></i> species).<sup id="cite_ref-WatsDall92_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WatsDall92-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some species of <i><a href="/wiki/Tillandsia" title="Tillandsia">Tillandsia</a></i> (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Spanish_moss" title="Spanish moss">Spanish moss</a>, <i>Tillandsia usneoides</i>) are <a href="/wiki/Raunki%C3%A6r_plant_life-form#Aerophytes" title="Raunkiær plant life-form">aerophytes</a>, which have very reduced root systems and absorb water directly from the air.<sup id="cite_ref-GaláHageVice99_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GaláHageVice99-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many terrestrial and epiphytic bromeliads have their leaves in the form of vase-shaped rosettes which accumulate water. Individual leaves are not divided and have parallel veins without cross connections. The epidermis of the leaf contains silica. Bromeliad flowers are aggregated into <a href="/wiki/Inflorescence" title="Inflorescence">inflorescences</a> of various forms. The flowers have bracts, often brightly coloured, and distinct calyces of three <a href="/wiki/Sepal" title="Sepal">sepals</a> and corollas of three <a href="/wiki/Petal" title="Petal">petals</a>. The flowers have <a href="/wiki/Nectar#Floral_nectaries" title="Nectar">nectaries</a>. They are <a href="/wiki/Pollination" title="Pollination">pollinated</a> by insects, birds (often <a href="/wiki/Hummingbird" title="Hummingbird">hummingbirds</a>) or bats, or more rarely (in <i><a href="/wiki/Navia_(plant)" title="Navia (plant)">Navia</a></i>) they are wind-pollinated. Fruits are variable, typically taking the form of a capsule or a berry.<sup id="cite_ref-WatsDall92_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WatsDall92-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bromeliads are able to live in an array of environmental conditions due to their many adaptations. <a href="/wiki/Trichome" title="Trichome">Trichomes</a>, in the form of scales or hairs, allow bromeliads to capture water in cloud forests and help to reflect sunlight in desert environments.<sup id="cite_ref-Schulte_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schulte-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bromeliads with leaf vases can capture water and nutrients in the absence of a well-developed root system.<sup id="cite_ref-Schulte_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schulte-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many bromeliads also use <a href="/wiki/Crassulacean_acid_metabolism" title="Crassulacean acid metabolism">crassulacean acid metabolism</a> (CAM) <a href="/wiki/Photosynthesis" title="Photosynthesis">photosynthesis</a> to create sugars. This adaptation allows bromeliads in hot or dry climates to open their <a href="/wiki/Stoma" title="Stoma">stomata</a> at night rather than during the day, which reduces water loss.<sup id="cite_ref-Rex_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rex-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both CAM and epiphytism have evolved multiple times within the family, with some taxa reverting to <a href="/wiki/C3_carbon_fixation" title="C3 carbon fixation">C3 photosynthesis</a> as they radiated into less arid climates.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolution">Evolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bromeliaceae&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Evolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bromeliads are among the more recent plant groups to have emerged. They are thought to have originated in the <a href="/wiki/Tepui" title="Tepui">tepuis</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Guiana_Shield" title="Guiana Shield">Guiana Shield</a> approximately 100 million years ago. The greatest number of extant <a href="/wiki/Basal_(phylogenetics)" title="Basal (phylogenetics)">basal</a> species are found in the <a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">Andean</a> highlands of South America.<sup id="cite_ref-Givnish_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Givnish-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the family did not diverge into its extant subfamilies until 19 million years ago. The long period between the origin and diversification of bromeliads, during which no extant species evolved, suggests that there was much <a href="/wiki/Speciation" title="Speciation">speciation</a> and extinction during that time, which would explain the genetic distance of the Bromeliaceae from other families within the Poales.<sup id="cite_ref-Barfuss_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barfuss-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Based on <a href="/wiki/Molecular_phylogenetics" title="Molecular phylogenetics">molecular phylogenetic</a> studies, the family is divided into eight subfamilies. The relationship among them is shown in the following <a href="/wiki/Cladogram" title="Cladogram">cladogram</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Givnish_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Givnish-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1258728058">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Bromeliaceae </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Brocchinioideae" class="mw-redirect" title="Brocchinioideae">Brocchinioideae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Lindmanioideae" title="Lindmanioideae">Lindmanioideae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Tillandsioideae" title="Tillandsioideae">Tillandsioideae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Hechtioideae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hechtioideae">Hechtioideae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Navioideae" title="Navioideae">Navioideae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Pitcairnioideae" title="Pitcairnioideae">Pitcairnioideae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Puyoideae" class="mw-redirect" title="Puyoideae">Puyoideae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Bromelioideae" title="Bromelioideae">Bromelioideae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The most basal genus, <i><a href="/wiki/Brocchinia" title="Brocchinia">Brocchinia</a></i> (subfamily Brocchinioideae), is endemic to the Guiana Shield, and is placed as the <a href="/wiki/Cladistics" title="Cladistics">sister group</a> to the remaining <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genera</a> in the family.<sup id="cite_ref-Barfuss_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barfuss-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The subfamilies <a href="/wiki/Lindmanioideae" title="Lindmanioideae">Lindmanioideae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Navioideae" title="Navioideae">Navioideae</a> are endemic to the Guiana Shield as well.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West African</a> species <i><a href="/wiki/Pitcairnia_feliciana" title="Pitcairnia feliciana">Pitcairnia feliciana</a></i> is the only bromeliad not <a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemic</a> to the Americas, and is thought to have reached Africa via long-distance dispersal about 12 million years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-Givnish_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Givnish-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radiation_of_Tillandsioideae_and_Hechtia">Radiation of Tillandsioideae and <i>Hechtia</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bromeliaceae&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Radiation of Tillandsioideae and Hechtia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first groups to leave the Guiana Shield were the subfamily <a href="/wiki/Tillandsioideae" title="Tillandsioideae">Tillandsioideae</a>, which spread gradually into northern South America, and the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Hechtia" title="Hechtia">Hechtia</a></i> (Hechtioideae), which spread to Central America via long-distance dispersal. Both of these movements occurred approximately 15.4 million years ago. When it reached the Andes mountains, the speciation of Tillandsioideae occurred quite rapidly, largely due to the <a href="/wiki/Andean_orogeny" title="Andean orogeny">Andean uplift</a>, which was also occurring rapidly from 14.2 to 8.7 million years ago. The uplift greatly altered the region's geological and climatic conditions, creating a new mountainous environment for the epiphytic tillandsioids to colonize. These new conditions directly drove the speciation of the Tillandsioideae, and also drove the speciation of their animal pollinators, such as <a href="/wiki/Hummingbird" title="Hummingbird">hummingbirds</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Evolution_of_the_Bromelioideae">Evolution of the Bromelioideae</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bromeliaceae&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Evolution of the Bromelioideae"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Around 5.5 million years ago, a clade of epiphytic <a href="/wiki/Bromelioideae" title="Bromelioideae">bromelioids</a> arose in <a href="/wiki/Serra_do_Mar" title="Serra do Mar">Serra do Mar</a>, a lush mountainous region on the coast of Southeastern Brazil. This is thought to have been caused not only by the uplift of Serra do Mar itself at that time, but also because of the continued uplift of the distant Andes mountains, which impacted the circulation of air and created a cooler, wetter climate in Serra do Mar.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These epiphytes thrived in this humid environment, since their trichomes rely on water in the air rather than from the ground like terrestrial plants. Many epiphytic bromeliads with the tank habit also speciated here. </p><p>Even before this, a few other bromelioids had already dispersed to the Brazilian shield while the climate was still arid, likely through a gradual process of short-distance dispersal. These make up the terrestrial members of the Bromelioideae, which have highly <a href="/wiki/Xeromorphic" class="mw-redirect" title="Xeromorphic">xeromorphic</a> characters.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bromeliaceae&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The family Bromeliaceae is currently placed in the order <a href="/wiki/Poales" title="Poales">Poales</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subfamilies">Subfamilies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bromeliaceae&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Subfamilies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The family Bromeliaceae is organized into eight subfamilies:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brocchinioideae" class="mw-redirect" title="Brocchinioideae">Brocchinioideae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindmanioideae" title="Lindmanioideae">Lindmanioideae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tillandsioideae" title="Tillandsioideae">Tillandsioideae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hechtioideae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hechtioideae">Hechtioideae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navioideae" title="Navioideae">Navioideae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairnioideae" title="Pitcairnioideae">Pitcairnioideae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puyoideae" class="mw-redirect" title="Puyoideae">Puyoideae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromelioideae" title="Bromelioideae">Bromelioideae</a></li></ul> <p>Bromeliaceae were originally split into three subfamilies based on morphological seed characters: Bromelioideae (seeds in <a href="/wiki/Berry" title="Berry">baccate</a> fruits), Tillandsioideae (plumose seeds), and Pitcairnioideae (seeds with wing-like appendages).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, molecular evidence has revealed that while Bromelioideae and Tillandsioideae are monophyletic, Pitcairnioideae as traditionally defined is <a href="/wiki/Paraphyly" title="Paraphyly">paraphyletic</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and should be split into six subfamilies: Brocchinioideae, Lindmanioideae, Hechtioideae, Navioideae, Pitcairnioideae, and Puyoideae.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Brocchinioideae is defined as the most basal branch of Bromeliaceae based on both morphological and molecular evidence, namely genes in chloroplast DNA.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lindmanioideae is the next most basal branch distinguished from the other subfamilies by convolute sepals and chloroplast DNA.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hechtioideae is also defined based on analyses of chloroplast DNA; similar morphological adaptations to arid environments also found in other groups (namely the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Puya_(plant)" title="Puya (plant)">Puya</a>)</i> are attributed to <a href="/wiki/Convergent_evolution" title="Convergent evolution">convergent evolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Navioideae is split from Pitcairnioideae based on its cochlear sepals and chloroplast DNA.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Puyoideae has been re-classified multiple times and its monophyly remains controversial according to analyses of chloroplast DNA.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genera">Genera</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bromeliaceae&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Genera"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of December 2022<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bromeliaceae&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">Plants of the World Online</a> (PoWO) accepted 72 genera, as listed below.<sup id="cite_ref-POWO_30000083-2_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-POWO_30000083-2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few more genera were accepted by the Encyclopaedia of Bromeliads, including <i>Josemania</i> and <i>Mezobromelia</i>, which PoWO sinks into <i>Cipuropsis</i>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acanthostachys" title="Acanthostachys">Acanthostachys</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_Klotzsch" title="Johann Friedrich Klotzsch">Klotzsch</a> </small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aechmea" title="Aechmea">Aechmea</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Hip%C3%B3lito_Ruiz_L%C3%B3pez" title="Hipólito Ruiz López">Ruiz</a> & <a href="/wiki/Pav." class="mw-redirect" title="Pav.">Pav.</a></small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alcantarea" title="Alcantarea">Alcantarea</a></i> <small><a href="/w/index.php?title=E.Morren_ex_Mez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E.Morren ex Mez (page does not exist)">Harms</a></small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ananas" title="Ananas">Ananas</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Mill." class="mw-redirect" title="Mill.">Mill.</a></small>, including <i>Pseudananas</i> <small>Hassl. ex <a href="/wiki/Hermann_August_Theodor_Harms" class="mw-redirect" title="Hermann August Theodor Harms">Harms</a></small> (includes the <a href="/wiki/Pineapple" title="Pineapple">pineapple</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Androlepis" title="Androlepis">Androlepis</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Brongn." class="mw-redirect" title="Brongn.">Brongn.</a> ex <a href="/w/index.php?title=Houllet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Houllet (page does not exist)">Houllet</a> </small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Araeococcus" title="Araeococcus">Araeococcus</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Brongn." class="mw-redirect" title="Brongn.">Brongn.</a></small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Barfussia" title="Barfussia">Barfussia</a></i> <small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manzan._%26_W.Till&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manzan. & W.Till (page does not exist)">Manzan. & W.Till</a></small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Billbergia" title="Billbergia">Billbergia</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Thunb." class="mw-redirect" title="Thunb.">Thunb.</a></small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brewcaria" title="Brewcaria">Brewcaria</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/L.B.Sm." class="mw-redirect" title="L.B.Sm.">L.B.Sm.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steyerm." class="mw-redirect" title="Steyerm.">Steyerm.</a> & <a href="/w/index.php?title=H.Rob&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="H.Rob (page does not exist)">H.Rob</a></small>,<sup id="cite_ref-EOB_Brewcaria_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EOB_Brewcaria-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> synonym of <i>Navia</i> in PoWO</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brocchinia" title="Brocchinia">Brocchinia</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Schult.f." class="mw-redirect" title="Schult.f.">Schult.f.</a></small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bromelia" title="Bromelia">Bromelia</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">L.</a></small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Canistropsis" title="Canistropsis">Canistropsis</a></i> <small>(Mez) Leme</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Canistrum" title="Canistrum">Canistrum</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Charles_Jacques_%C3%89douard_Morren" title="Charles Jacques Édouard Morren">E.Morren</a></small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Catopsis" title="Catopsis">Catopsis</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/August_Grisebach" title="August Grisebach">Griseb.</a></small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cipuropsis" title="Cipuropsis">Cipuropsis</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Heinrich_Georg_Ule" title="Ernst Heinrich Georg Ule">Ule</a></small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Connellia" title="Connellia">Connellia</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/N.E.Br." class="mw-redirect" title="N.E.Br.">N.E.Br.</a></small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cottendorfia" title="Cottendorfia">Cottendorfia</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Schult.f." class="mw-redirect" title="Schult.f.">Schult.f.</a></small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cryptanthus" title="Cryptanthus">Cryptanthus</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Christoph_Friedrich_Otto" title="Christoph Friedrich Otto">Otto</a> & <a href="/wiki/A.Dietr." class="mw-redirect" title="A.Dietr.">A.Dietr.</a></small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deinacanthon" title="Deinacanthon">Deinacanthon</a></i> <small>Mez</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deuterocohnia" title="Deuterocohnia">Deuterocohnia</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Carl_Christian_Mez" title="Carl Christian Mez">Mez</a></small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Disteganthus" title="Disteganthus">Disteganthus</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Lem." class="mw-redirect" title="Lem.">Lem.</a></small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dyckia" title="Dyckia">Dyckia</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Schult.f." class="mw-redirect" title="Schult.f.">Schult.f.</a></small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Edmundoa" title="Edmundoa">Edmundoa</a></i> <small>Leme</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eduandrea" title="Eduandrea">Eduandrea</a></i> <small>Leme, W.Till, G.K.Br., J.R.Grant & Govaerts</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Encholirium" title="Encholirium">Encholirium</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Mart." class="mw-redirect" title="Mart.">Mart.</a> ex <a href="/wiki/Schult.f." class="mw-redirect" title="Schult.f.">Schult.f.</a></small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fascicularia" title="Fascicularia">Fascicularia</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Carl_Christian_Mez" title="Carl Christian Mez">Mez</a></small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fernseea" title="Fernseea">Fernseea</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/John_Gilbert_Baker" title="John Gilbert Baker">Baker</a></small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Forzzaea" title="Forzzaea">Forzzaea</a></i> <small>Leme, S.Heller & Zizka</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fosterella" title="Fosterella">Fosterella</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/L.B.Sm." class="mw-redirect" title="L.B.Sm.">L.B.Sm.</a></small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Glomeropitcairnia" title="Glomeropitcairnia">Glomeropitcairnia</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Carl_Christian_Mez" title="Carl Christian Mez">Mez</a></small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Goudaea" title="Goudaea">Goudaea</a></i> <small>W.Till & Barfuss</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gregbrownia" title="Gregbrownia">Gregbrownia</a></i> <small>W.Till & Barfuss</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Greigia" title="Greigia">Greigia</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Eduard_August_von_Regel" title="Eduard August von Regel">Regel</a></small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guzmania" title="Guzmania">Guzmania</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Hip%C3%B3lito_Ruiz_L%C3%B3pez" title="Hipólito Ruiz López">Ruiz</a> & <a href="/wiki/Pav." class="mw-redirect" title="Pav.">Pav.</a></small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hechtia" title="Hechtia">Hechtia</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_Klotzsch" title="Johann Friedrich Klotzsch">Klotzsch</a></small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hohenbergia" title="Hohenbergia">Hohenbergia</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Schult.f." class="mw-redirect" title="Schult.f.">Schult.f.</a></small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hohenbergiopsis" title="Hohenbergiopsis">Hohenbergiopsis</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/L.B.Sm." class="mw-redirect" title="L.B.Sm.">L.B.Sm.</a> & <a href="/w/index.php?title=Read_(botanical)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Read (botanical) (page does not exist)">Read</a></small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hoplocryptanthus" title="Hoplocryptanthus">Hoplocryptanthus</a></i> <small>(Mez) Leme, S.Heller & Zizka</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hylaeaicum" title="Hylaeaicum">Hylaeaicum</a></i> <small>(Ule ex Mez) Leme, Forzza, Zizka & Aguirre-Santoro</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jagrantia" title="Jagrantia">Jagrantia</a></i> <small>Barfuss & W.Till</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Josemania" title="Josemania">Josemania</a></i> <small>W.Till & Barfuss</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Karawata" title="Karawata">Karawata</a></i> <small>J.R.Maciel & G.M.Sousa</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lapanthus" title="Lapanthus">Lapanthus</a></i> <small>Louzada & Versieux</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lemeltonia" title="Lemeltonia">Lemeltonia</a></i> <small>Barfuss & W.Till</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lindmania" title="Lindmania">Lindmania</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Carl_Christian_Mez" title="Carl Christian Mez">Mez</a></small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lutheria" title="Lutheria">Lutheria</a></i> <small>Barfuss & W.Till</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lymania" title="Lymania">Lymania</a></i> <small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Read_(botanical)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Read (botanical) (page does not exist)">Read</a></small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mezobromelia" title="Mezobromelia">Mezobromelia</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/L.B.Sm." class="mw-redirect" title="L.B.Sm.">L.B.Sm.</a></small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Navia_(plant)" title="Navia (plant)">Navia</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Schult.f." class="mw-redirect" title="Schult.f.">Schult.f.</a></small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neoglaziovia" title="Neoglaziovia">Neoglaziovia</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Carl_Christian_Mez" title="Carl Christian Mez">Mez</a></small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neoregelia" title="Neoregelia">Neoregelia</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/L.B.Sm." class="mw-redirect" title="L.B.Sm.">L.B.Sm.</a> </small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nidularium" title="Nidularium">Nidularium</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Lem." class="mw-redirect" title="Lem.">Lem.</a></small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ochagavia" title="Ochagavia">Ochagavia</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Phil." class="mw-redirect" title="Phil.">Phil.</a></small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orthophytum" title="Orthophytum">Orthophytum</a></i> <small>Beer</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pitcairnia" title="Pitcairnia">Pitcairnia</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/L%27Her." class="mw-redirect" title="L'Her.">L'Her.</a></small>, including <a href="/wiki/Pitcairnia_subg._Pepinia" title="Pitcairnia subg. Pepinia">subgenus <i>Pepinia</i></a><sup id="cite_ref-EOB_Pepinia_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EOB_Pepinia-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portea" title="Portea">Portea</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/K._Koch" class="mw-redirect" title="K. Koch">K. Koch</a></small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pseudaechmea" title="Pseudaechmea">Pseudaechmea</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/L.B.Sm." class="mw-redirect" title="L.B.Sm.">L.B.Sm.</a> & <a href="/w/index.php?title=Read_(botanical)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Read (botanical) (page does not exist)">Read</a></small>,<sup id="cite_ref-EOB_Pseudaechmea_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EOB_Pseudaechmea-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> synonym of <i>Billbergia</i> in PoWO</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pseudalcantarea" title="Pseudalcantarea">Pseudalcantarea</a></i> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Carl_Christian_Mez" title="Carl Christian Mez">Mez</a>) Pinzón & Barfuss</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pseudaraeococcus" title="Pseudaraeococcus">Pseudaraeococcus</a></i> <small>(Mez) R.A.Pontes & Versieux</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Puya_(plant)" title="Puya (plant)">Puya</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Juan_Ignacio_Molina" title="Juan Ignacio Molina">Molina</a></small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quesnelia" title="Quesnelia">Quesnelia</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Gaudich." class="mw-redirect" title="Gaudich.">Gaudich.</a></small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Racinaea" title="Racinaea">Racinaea</a></i> <small>M.A.Spencer & L.B.Sm.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rokautskyia" title="Rokautskyia">Rokautskyia</a></i> <small>Leme, S.Heller & Zizka</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ronnbergia" title="Ronnbergia">Ronnbergia</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Charles_Jacques_%C3%89douard_Morren" title="Charles Jacques Édouard Morren">E.Morren</a> & <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Andr%C3%A9" title="Édouard André">André</a></small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sequencia" title="Sequencia">Sequencia</a></i> <small>Givnish</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sincoraea" title="Sincoraea">Sincoraea</a></i> <small>Ule</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Steyerbromelia" title="Steyerbromelia">Steyerbromelia</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/L.B.Sm." class="mw-redirect" title="L.B.Sm.">L.B.Sm.</a></small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stigmatodon" title="Stigmatodon">Stigmatodon</a></i> <small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leme,_G.K.Br._%26_Barfuss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leme, G.K.Br. & Barfuss (page does not exist)">Leme, G.K.Br. & Barfuss</a></small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tillandsia" title="Tillandsia">Tillandsia</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">L.</a></small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ursulaea" title="Ursulaea">Ursulaea</a></i> <small>Read & H.U.Baensch</small>,<sup id="cite_ref-EOB_Ursulaea_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EOB_Ursulaea-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> synonym of <i>Aechmea</i> in PoWO</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vriesea" title="Vriesea">Vriesea</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Lindl." class="mw-redirect" title="Lindl.">Lindl.</a></small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wallisia" title="Wallisia">Wallisia</a></i> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Eduard_August_von_Regel" title="Eduard August von Regel">Regel</a>) <a href="/wiki/Charles_Jacques_%C3%89douard_Morren" title="Charles Jacques Édouard Morren">É.Morren</a></small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Waltillia" title="Waltillia">Waltillia</a></i> <small>Leme, Barfuss & Halbritt.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Werauhia" title="Werauhia">Werauhia</a></i> <small><a href="/w/index.php?title=J.R.Grant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J.R.Grant (page does not exist)">J.R.Grant</a></small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wittmackia" title="Wittmackia">Wittmackia</a></i> <small>Mez</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wittrockia" title="Wittrockia">Wittrockia</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Lindm." class="mw-redirect" title="Lindm.">Lindm.</a></small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zizkaea" title="Zizkaea">Zizkaea</a></i> <small>W.Till & Barfuss</small></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hybrid_genera">Hybrid genera</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bromeliaceae&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Hybrid genera"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Intergeneric hybrid genera accepted by Plants of the World Online include: </p> <ul><li>× <i>Cryptbergia</i> <small>R.G.Wilson & C.L.Wilson</small> = <i>Cryptanthus</i> × <i>Billbergia</i></li> <li>× <i>Guzlandsia</i> <small>Gouda</small> = <i>Guzmania</i> × <i>Tillandsia</i></li> <li>× <i>Hohenmea</i> <small>B.R.Silva & L.F.Sousa</small> = <i>Hohenbergia</i> × <i>Aechmea</i></li> <li>× <i>Niduregelia</i> <small>Leme</small> = <i>Nidularium</i> × <i>Neoregelia</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bromeliaceae&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Billbergia_pyramidalis_in_Hyderabad_Nursery_W_IMG_0428.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Billbergia pyramidalis"><img alt="Billbergia pyramidalis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Billbergia_pyramidalis_in_Hyderabad_Nursery_W_IMG_0428.jpg/102px-Billbergia_pyramidalis_in_Hyderabad_Nursery_W_IMG_0428.jpg" decoding="async" width="102" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Billbergia_pyramidalis_in_Hyderabad_Nursery_W_IMG_0428.jpg/153px-Billbergia_pyramidalis_in_Hyderabad_Nursery_W_IMG_0428.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Billbergia_pyramidalis_in_Hyderabad_Nursery_W_IMG_0428.jpg/204px-Billbergia_pyramidalis_in_Hyderabad_Nursery_W_IMG_0428.jpg 2x" data-file-width="511" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Billbergia_pyramidalis" title="Billbergia pyramidalis">Billbergia pyramidalis</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%8B%E6%B0%B4%E5%A1%94%E8%8A%B1_20190712192104.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Billbergia vittata Brongniart"><img alt="Billbergia vittata Brongniart" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%8B%E6%B0%B4%E5%A1%94%E8%8A%B1_20190712192104.jpg/90px-%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%8B%E6%B0%B4%E5%A1%94%E8%8A%B1_20190712192104.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%8B%E6%B0%B4%E5%A1%94%E8%8A%B1_20190712192104.jpg/135px-%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%8B%E6%B0%B4%E5%A1%94%E8%8A%B1_20190712192104.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%8B%E6%B0%B4%E5%A1%94%E8%8A%B1_20190712192104.jpg/180px-%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%8B%E6%B0%B4%E5%A1%94%E8%8A%B1_20190712192104.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1440" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Billbergia_vittata" title="Billbergia vittata">Billbergia vittata</a> Brongniart</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tillandsia_usneoides04.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tillandsia usneoides hanging from branches"><img alt="Tillandsia usneoides hanging from branches" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Tillandsia_usneoides04.jpg/90px-Tillandsia_usneoides04.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Tillandsia_usneoides04.jpg/135px-Tillandsia_usneoides04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Tillandsia_usneoides04.jpg/180px-Tillandsia_usneoides04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Tillandsia_usneoides" class="mw-redirect" title="Tillandsia usneoides">Tillandsia usneoides</a></i> hanging from branches</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Puya_berteroana.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Puya alpestris"><img alt="Puya alpestris" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Puya_berteroana.jpg/80px-Puya_berteroana.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Puya_berteroana.jpg/120px-Puya_berteroana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Puya_berteroana.jpg/160px-Puya_berteroana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Puya_alpestris" title="Puya alpestris">Puya alpestris</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tillandsia_tower_arp.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tillandsia airplants mounted on the bark of a cork oak"><img alt="Tillandsia airplants mounted on the bark of a cork oak" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Tillandsia_tower_arp.jpg/79px-Tillandsia_tower_arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Tillandsia_tower_arp.jpg/119px-Tillandsia_tower_arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Tillandsia_tower_arp.jpg/158px-Tillandsia_tower_arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2156" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Tillandsia" title="Tillandsia">Tillandsia</a></i> airplants mounted on the bark of a cork oak</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Del_Monte_Pineapple_field_at_Camp_Philips,_Bukidnon,_Philippines_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Del Monte plantation of pineapple (Ananas comosus) plants in Bukidnon, the Philippines"><img alt="A Del Monte plantation of pineapple (Ananas comosus) plants in Bukidnon, the Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Del_Monte_Pineapple_field_at_Camp_Philips%2C_Bukidnon%2C_Philippines_03.jpg/120px-Del_Monte_Pineapple_field_at_Camp_Philips%2C_Bukidnon%2C_Philippines_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Del_Monte_Pineapple_field_at_Camp_Philips%2C_Bukidnon%2C_Philippines_03.jpg/180px-Del_Monte_Pineapple_field_at_Camp_Philips%2C_Bukidnon%2C_Philippines_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Del_Monte_Pineapple_field_at_Camp_Philips%2C_Bukidnon%2C_Philippines_03.jpg/240px-Del_Monte_Pineapple_field_at_Camp_Philips%2C_Bukidnon%2C_Philippines_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2268" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Del_Monte_Foods" title="Del Monte Foods">Del Monte</a> <a href="/wiki/Plantation" title="Plantation">plantation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pineapple" title="Pineapple">pineapple</a> (<i>Ananas comosus</i>) plants in <a href="/wiki/Bukidnon" title="Bukidnon">Bukidnon</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution_and_habitat">Distribution and habitat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bromeliaceae&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Distribution and habitat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tillandsia_sp._telephone_line_(codiferous).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Tillandsia_sp._telephone_line_%28codiferous%29.jpg/220px-Tillandsia_sp._telephone_line_%28codiferous%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Tillandsia_sp._telephone_line_%28codiferous%29.jpg/330px-Tillandsia_sp._telephone_line_%28codiferous%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Tillandsia_sp._telephone_line_%28codiferous%29.jpg/440px-Tillandsia_sp._telephone_line_%28codiferous%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1066" /></a><figcaption>Bromeliads growing on telephone lines in <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Plants in the Bromeliaceae are widely represented in their natural climates across the Americas. One species (<i><a href="/wiki/Pitcairnia_feliciana" title="Pitcairnia feliciana">Pitcairnia feliciana</a></i>) can be found in Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They can be found at altitudes from sea level to 4,200 meters, from <a href="/wiki/Tropical_and_subtropical_moist_broadleaf_forests" title="Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests">rainforests</a> to <a href="/wiki/Desert" title="Desert">deserts</a>. 1,814 species are <a href="/wiki/Epiphyte" title="Epiphyte">epiphytes</a>, some are <a href="/wiki/Lithophyte" title="Lithophyte">lithophytes</a>, and some are terrestrial. Accordingly, these plants can be found in the <a href="/wiki/Andean" class="mw-redirect" title="Andean">Andean</a> highlands, from northern Chile to Colombia, in the <a href="/wiki/Sechura_Desert" title="Sechura Desert">Sechura Desert</a> of coastal Peru, in the <a href="/wiki/Cloud_forest" title="Cloud forest">cloud forests</a> of Central and South America, in southern United States from southern <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> to <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> to <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, and in far southern <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecology">Ecology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bromeliaceae&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bromeliads often serve as <a href="/wiki/Phytotelma" title="Phytotelma">phytotelmata</a>, accumulating water between their leaves. One study found 175,000 bromeliads per hectare (2.5 acres) in one forest; that many bromeliads can sequester 50,000 liters (more than 13,000 gallons) of water.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The aquatic habitat created as a result is host to a diverse array of <a href="/wiki/Invertebrate" title="Invertebrate">invertebrates</a>, especially aquatic insect larvae,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including those of mosquitos.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These bromeliad <a href="/wiki/Invertebrate" title="Invertebrate">invertebrates</a> benefit their hosts by increasing <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a> uptake into the plant.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A study of 209 plants from the Yasuní Scientific Reserve in <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> identified 11,219 animals, representing more than 350 distinct species,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> many of which are found only on bromeliads. Examples include some species of <a href="/wiki/Ostracod" title="Ostracod">ostracods</a>, small <a href="/wiki/Salamander" title="Salamander">salamanders</a> about 2.5 cm (1 in) in length, and <a href="/wiki/Tree_frog" title="Tree frog">tree frogs</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaican</a> bromeliads are home to <i><a href="/wiki/Metopaulias" title="Metopaulias">Metopaulias depressus</a></i>, a reddish-brown <a href="/wiki/Crab" title="Crab">crab</a> 2 cm (0.8 in) across, which has evolved social behavior to protect its young from predation by <i><a href="/wiki/Diceratobasis_macrogaster" title="Diceratobasis macrogaster">Diceratobasis macrogaster</a></i>, a species of <a href="/wiki/Damselfly" title="Damselfly">damselfly</a> whose <a href="/wiki/Larva" title="Larva">larvae</a> live in bromeliads. Some bromeliads even form homes for other species of bromeliads.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Trees or branches that have a higher incidence of sunlight tend to have more bromeliads. In contrast, the sectors facing west receive less sunlight and therefore fewer bromeliads. In addition, thicker trees have more bromeliads, possibly because they are older and have greater structural complexity.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultivation_and_uses">Cultivation and uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bromeliaceae&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Cultivation and uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bromeliaceae_mixed_collection.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Bromeliaceae_mixed_collection.jpg/220px-Bromeliaceae_mixed_collection.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Bromeliaceae_mixed_collection.jpg/330px-Bromeliaceae_mixed_collection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Bromeliaceae_mixed_collection.jpg/440px-Bromeliaceae_mixed_collection.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3888" /></a><figcaption>Bromeliaceae mixed cultivated collection</figcaption></figure> <p>Humans have been using bromeliads for thousands of years. The <a href="/wiki/Incas" class="mw-redirect" title="Incas">Incas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aztecs" title="Aztecs">Aztecs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maya_civilization" title="Maya civilization">Maya</a> and others used them for food, protection, fiber and ceremony, just as they are still used today. European interest began when Spanish conquistadors returned with <a href="/wiki/Pineapple" title="Pineapple">pineapple</a>, which became so popular as an exotic food that the image of the pineapple was adapted into European art and sculpture. In 1776, the species <i><a href="/wiki/Guzmania_lingulata" title="Guzmania lingulata">Guzmania lingulata</a></i> was introduced to Europe, causing a sensation among gardeners unfamiliar with such a plant. In 1828, <i><a href="/wiki/Aechmea_fasciata" title="Aechmea fasciata">Aechmea fasciata</a></i> was brought to Europe, followed by <i><a href="/wiki/Vriesea_splendens" title="Vriesea splendens">Vriesea splendens</a></i> in 1840. These transplants were so successful, they are still among the most widely grown bromeliad varieties. </p><p>In the 19th century, breeders in Belgium, France and the Netherlands started <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_(biology)#Hybrid_plants" title="Hybrid (biology)">hybridizing</a> plants for wholesale trade. Many exotic varieties were produced until World War I, which halted breeding programs and led to the loss of some species. The plants experienced a resurgence of popularity after World War II. Since then, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Dutch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgian</a> and North American nurseries have greatly expanded bromeliad production. </p><p>Only one bromeliad, the pineapple (<i>Ananas comosus</i>), is a commercially important food crop. <a href="/wiki/Bromelain" title="Bromelain">Bromelain</a>, a common ingredient in meat tenderizer, is extracted from pineapple stems. Many other bromeliads are popular <a href="/wiki/Ornamental_plant" title="Ornamental plant">ornamental plants</a>, grown as both garden and <a href="/wiki/Houseplant" title="Houseplant">houseplants</a>. </p><p>Bromeliads are important food plants for many peoples. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Pima_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pima people">Pima</a> of Mexico occasionally consume flowers of <i><a href="/wiki/Tillandsia_erubescens" title="Tillandsia erubescens">Tillandsia erubescens</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Tillandsia_recurvata" title="Tillandsia recurvata">T. recurvata</a></i> due to their high sugar content; in Argentina and Bolivia, the shoot apices of <i><a href="/wiki/Tillandsia_rubella" title="Tillandsia rubella">T. rubella</a></i> and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tillandsia_maxima&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tillandsia maxima (page does not exist)">T. maxima</a></i> are consumed; in Venezuela, indigenous coastal tribes eat a sour-tasting but sweet-smelling berry, known as 'Maya', of <i><a href="/wiki/Bromelia_chrysantha" title="Bromelia chrysantha">Bromelia chrysantha</a></i> as a fruit or in <a href="/wiki/Fermented_beverage" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermented beverage">fermented beverages</a>; in Chile, the sweet fruit of <i><a href="/wiki/Greigia_sphacelata" title="Greigia sphacelata">Greigia sphacelata</a>,</i> known as 'chupones', is consumed raw.<sup id="cite_ref-bromeliads2011polibotanica_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bromeliads2011polibotanica-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Collectors">Collectors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bromeliaceae&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Collectors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Andr%C3%A9" title="Édouard André">Édouard André</a> was a French collector/explorer whose many discoveries of bromeliads in the Cordilleras of South America would be influential on horticulturists to follow. He served as a source of inspiration to 20th-century collectors, in particular <a href="/wiki/Mulford_B._Foster" title="Mulford B. Foster">Mulford B. Foster</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lyman_Bradford_Smith" title="Lyman Bradford Smith">Lyman Smith</a> of the United States and <a href="/wiki/Werner_Rauh" title="Werner Rauh">Werner Rauh</a> of Germany and Michelle Jenkins of Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bromeliaceae&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_foliage_plant_diseases_(Bromeliaceae)" title="List of foliage plant diseases (Bromeliaceae)">List of foliage plant diseases (Bromeliaceae)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bromeliaceae&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-apgiii-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-apgiii_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAngiosperm_Phylogeny_Group2009" class="citation cs2">Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009), "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III", <i>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</i>, 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Masson, 1889</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bromeliaceae&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bromeliaceae" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Bromeliaceae">Bromeliaceae</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/34px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/51px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/68px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a> has information related to <i><b><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Bromeliaceae" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Bromeliaceae">Bromeliaceae</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bromeliad.nl/taxonList.php">The New Bromeliad Taxon List</a> A constantly updated list of current Bromeliad names and synonyms.</li> <li>Luther, H. E. (2008) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://selby.org/wp-content/uploads/Bromeliad_Binomial_List_For_Web.pdf">An Alphabetical List of Bromeliad Binomials, Eleventh Edition</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.selby.org">The Marie Selby Botanical Gardens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarasota,_Florida" title="Sarasota, Florida">Sarasota, Florida</a>. Published by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bsi.org/">The Bromeliad Society International</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bromeliads.info/">Bromeliad care information</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://registry.bsi.org/">Bromeliad cultivar registry</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chileflora.com/Florachilena/FloraEnglish/PIC_FAMILIES_SIMPLE_Bromeliaceae.php">Bromeliads of Chile</a> in Chileflora</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161203151338/http://palm-trees.org/">Palm trees, small palms, Cycads, Bromeliads and tropical plants</a> Photos of Bromeliads and associated flora, with information on habitat and cultivation.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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title="Winteraceae">Winteraceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Piperales" title="Piperales">Piperales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aristolochiaceae" title="Aristolochiaceae">Aristolochiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saururaceae" title="Saururaceae">Saururaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piperaceae" title="Piperaceae">Piperaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Magnoliales" title="Magnoliales">Magnoliales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myristicaceae" title="Myristicaceae">Myristicaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnoliaceae" title="Magnoliaceae">Magnoliaceae</a></li> 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href="/wiki/Hernandiaceae" title="Hernandiaceae">Hernandiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monimiaceae" title="Monimiaceae">Monimiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauraceae" title="Lauraceae">Lauraceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><b>Chloranthidae</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Chloranthales" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Chloranthales" class="mw-redirect" title="Chloranthales">Chloranthales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chloranthaceae" title="Chloranthaceae">Chloranthaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><b>Lilidae</b> <br />(<a href="/wiki/Monocots" class="mw-redirect" title="Monocots">Monocots</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Acorales" class="mw-redirect" title="Acorales">Acorales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acoraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Acoraceae">Acoraceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Alismatales" title="Alismatales">Alismatales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Araceae" title="Araceae">Araceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofieldiaceae" title="Tofieldiaceae">Tofieldiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alismataceae" title="Alismataceae">Alismataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butomaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Butomaceae">Butomaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrocharitaceae" title="Hydrocharitaceae">Hydrocharitaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheuchzeriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheuchzeriaceae">Scheuchzeriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aponogetonaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aponogetonaceae">Aponogetonaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juncaginaceae" title="Juncaginaceae">Juncaginaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maundiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Maundiaceae">Maundiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zosteraceae" title="Zosteraceae">Zosteraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potamogetonaceae" title="Potamogetonaceae">Potamogetonaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posidoniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Posidoniaceae">Posidoniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruppiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruppiaceae">Ruppiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymodoceaceae" title="Cymodoceaceae">Cymodoceaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Petrosaviales" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrosaviales">Petrosaviales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petrosaviaceae" title="Petrosaviaceae">Petrosaviaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Dioscoreales" title="Dioscoreales">Dioscoreales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nartheciaceae" title="Nartheciaceae">Nartheciaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmanniaceae" title="Burmanniaceae">Burmanniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dioscoreaceae" title="Dioscoreaceae">Dioscoreaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Pandanales" title="Pandanales">Pandanales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triuridaceae" title="Triuridaceae">Triuridaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velloziaceae" title="Velloziaceae">Velloziaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stemonaceae" title="Stemonaceae">Stemonaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclanthaceae" title="Cyclanthaceae">Cyclanthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandanaceae" title="Pandanaceae">Pandanaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Liliales" title="Liliales">Liliales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campynemataceae" title="Campynemataceae">Campynemataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsiaceae" title="Corsiaceae">Corsiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanthiaceae" title="Melanthiaceae">Melanthiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petermanniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Petermanniaceae">Petermanniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alstroemeriaceae" title="Alstroemeriaceae">Alstroemeriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colchicaceae" title="Colchicaceae">Colchicaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philesiaceae" title="Philesiaceae">Philesiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripogonaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ripogonaceae">Ripogonaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smilacaceae" title="Smilacaceae">Smilacaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liliaceae" title="Liliaceae">Liliaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Asparagales" title="Asparagales">Asparagales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orchid" title="Orchid">Orchidaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boryaceae" title="Boryaceae">Boryaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blandfordiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Blandfordiaceae">Blandfordiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteliaceae" title="Asteliaceae">Asteliaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanariaceae">Lanariaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypoxidaceae" title="Hypoxidaceae">Hypoxidaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doryanthaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Doryanthaceae">Doryanthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ixioliriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ixioliriaceae">Ixioliriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tecophilaeaceae" title="Tecophilaeaceae">Tecophilaeaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iridaceae" title="Iridaceae">Iridaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xeronemataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Xeronemataceae">Xeronemataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asphodelaceae" title="Asphodelaceae">Asphodelaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaryllidaceae" title="Amaryllidaceae">Amaryllidaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asparagaceae" title="Asparagaceae">Asparagaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Arecales" title="Arecales">Arecales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dasypogonaceae" title="Dasypogonaceae">Dasypogonaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arecaceae" title="Arecaceae">Arecaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Commelinales" title="Commelinales">Commelinales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanguanaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanguanaceae">Hanguanaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commelinaceae" title="Commelinaceae">Commelinaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philydraceae" title="Philydraceae">Philydraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontederiaceae" title="Pontederiaceae">Pontederiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haemodoraceae" title="Haemodoraceae">Haemodoraceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Zingiberales" title="Zingiberales">Zingiberales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Strelitziaceae" title="Strelitziaceae">Strelitziaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lowiaceae">Lowiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliconiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Heliconiaceae">Heliconiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musaceae" title="Musaceae">Musaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannaceae">Cannaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marantaceae" title="Marantaceae">Marantaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costaceae" title="Costaceae">Costaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zingiberaceae" title="Zingiberaceae">Zingiberaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Poales" title="Poales">Poales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Typhaceae" title="Typhaceae">Typhaceae</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bromeliaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapateaceae" title="Rapateaceae">Rapateaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xyridaceae" title="Xyridaceae">Xyridaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eriocaulaceae" title="Eriocaulaceae">Eriocaulaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayacaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayacaceae">Mayacaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurniaceae" title="Thurniaceae">Thurniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juncaceae" title="Juncaceae">Juncaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyperaceae" title="Cyperaceae">Cyperaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restionaceae" title="Restionaceae">Restionaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flagellariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Flagellariaceae">Flagellariaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joinvilleaceae" title="Joinvilleaceae">Joinvilleaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecdeiocoleaceae" title="Ecdeiocoleaceae">Ecdeiocoleaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poaceae" title="Poaceae">Poaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><b>Ceratophyllidae</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Ceratophyllales" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Ceratophyllales" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceratophyllales">Ceratophyllales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceratophyllaceae" title="Ceratophyllaceae">Ceratophyllaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Buxales" title="Buxales">Buxales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buxaceae" title="Buxaceae">Buxaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Proteales" title="Proteales">Proteales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sabiaceae" title="Sabiaceae">Sabiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelumbonaceae" title="Nelumbonaceae">Nelumbonaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platanaceae" title="Platanaceae">Platanaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proteaceae" title="Proteaceae">Proteaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Ranunculales" title="Ranunculales">Ranunculales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eupteleaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Eupteleaceae">Eupteleaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papaveraceae" title="Papaveraceae">Papaveraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circaeasteraceae" title="Circaeasteraceae">Circaeasteraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lardizabalaceae" title="Lardizabalaceae">Lardizabalaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menispermaceae" title="Menispermaceae">Menispermaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berberidaceae" title="Berberidaceae">Berberidaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranunculaceae" title="Ranunculaceae">Ranunculaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Trochodendrales" class="mw-redirect" title="Trochodendrales">Trochodendrales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trochodendraceae" title="Trochodendraceae">Trochodendraceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Dilleniales" title="Dilleniales">Dilleniales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dilleniaceae" title="Dilleniaceae">Dilleniaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Gunnerales" title="Gunnerales">Gunnerales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myrothamnaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Myrothamnaceae">Myrothamnaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunneraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gunneraceae">Gunneraceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"> <a href="/wiki/Superrosids" title="Superrosids">Superrosids</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Saxifragales" title="Saxifragales">Saxifragales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peridiscaceae" title="Peridiscaceae">Peridiscaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paeoniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Paeoniaceae">Paeoniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altingiaceae" title="Altingiaceae">Altingiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamamelidaceae" title="Hamamelidaceae">Hamamelidaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cercidiphyllaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cercidiphyllaceae">Cercidiphyllaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daphniphyllaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Daphniphyllaceae">Daphniphyllaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iteaceae" title="Iteaceae">Iteaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grossulariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Grossulariaceae">Grossulariaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxifragaceae" title="Saxifragaceae">Saxifragaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crassulaceae" title="Crassulaceae">Crassulaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aphanopetalaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aphanopetalaceae">Aphanopetalaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetracarpaeaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetracarpaeaceae">Tetracarpaeaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penthoraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Penthoraceae">Penthoraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haloragaceae" title="Haloragaceae">Haloragaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynomoriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cynomoriaceae">Cynomoriaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Rosids" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"> <a href="/wiki/Rosids" title="Rosids">Rosids</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Vitales" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Vitales" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitales">Vitales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vitaceae" title="Vitaceae">Vitaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"> <a href="/wiki/Fabids" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabids">Fabids</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Cucurbitales" title="Cucurbitales">Cucurbitales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apodanthaceae" title="Apodanthaceae">Apodanthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anisophylleaceae" title="Anisophylleaceae">Anisophylleaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corynocarpaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Corynocarpaceae">Corynocarpaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coriariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Coriariaceae">Coriariaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucurbitaceae" title="Cucurbitaceae">Cucurbitaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetramelaceae" title="Tetramelaceae">Tetramelaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datiscaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Datiscaceae">Datiscaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Begoniaceae" title="Begoniaceae">Begoniaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Fabales" title="Fabales">Fabales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quillajaceae" title="Quillajaceae">Quillajaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabaceae" title="Fabaceae">Fabaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surianaceae" title="Surianaceae">Surianaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygalaceae" title="Polygalaceae">Polygalaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Fagales" title="Fagales">Fagales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nothofagaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Nothofagaceae">Nothofagaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fagaceae" title="Fagaceae">Fagaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myricaceae" title="Myricaceae">Myricaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juglandaceae" title="Juglandaceae">Juglandaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casuarinaceae" title="Casuarinaceae">Casuarinaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticodendraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ticodendraceae">Ticodendraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betulaceae" title="Betulaceae">Betulaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Rosales" title="Rosales">Rosales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae">Rosaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbeyaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbeyaceae">Barbeyaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirachmaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Dirachmaceae">Dirachmaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaeagnaceae" title="Elaeagnaceae">Elaeagnaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhamnaceae" title="Rhamnaceae">Rhamnaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulmaceae" title="Ulmaceae">Ulmaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabaceae" title="Cannabaceae">Cannabaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moraceae" title="Moraceae">Moraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urticaceae" title="Urticaceae">Urticaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Zygophyllales" title="Zygophyllales">Zygophyllales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krameriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Krameriaceae">Krameriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zygophyllaceae" title="Zygophyllaceae">Zygophyllaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Celastrales" title="Celastrales">Celastrales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lepidobotryaceae" title="Lepidobotryaceae">Lepidobotryaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celastraceae" title="Celastraceae">Celastraceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Malpighiales" title="Malpighiales">Malpighiales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pandaceae" title="Pandaceae">Pandaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irvingiaceae" title="Irvingiaceae">Irvingiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ctenolophonaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ctenolophonaceae">Ctenolophonaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhizophoraceae" title="Rhizophoraceae">Rhizophoraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythroxylaceae" title="Erythroxylaceae">Erythroxylaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ochnaceae" title="Ochnaceae">Ochnaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonnetiaceae" title="Bonnetiaceae">Bonnetiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clusiaceae" title="Clusiaceae">Clusiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calophyllaceae" title="Calophyllaceae">Calophyllaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podostemaceae" title="Podostemaceae">Podostemaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypericaceae" title="Hypericaceae">Hypericaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caryocaraceae" title="Caryocaraceae">Caryocaraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lophopyxidaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lophopyxidaceae">Lophopyxidaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putranjivaceae" title="Putranjivaceae">Putranjivaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centroplacaceae" title="Centroplacaceae">Centroplacaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elatinaceae" title="Elatinaceae">Elatinaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malpighiaceae" title="Malpighiaceae">Malpighiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balanopaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Balanopaceae">Balanopaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trigoniaceae" title="Trigoniaceae">Trigoniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dichapetalaceae" title="Dichapetalaceae">Dichapetalaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphroniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Euphroniaceae">Euphroniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysobalanaceae" title="Chrysobalanaceae">Chrysobalanaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humiriaceae" title="Humiriaceae">Humiriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achariaceae" title="Achariaceae">Achariaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violaceae" title="Violaceae">Violaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goupiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Goupiaceae">Goupiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passifloraceae" title="Passifloraceae">Passifloraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacistemataceae" title="Lacistemataceae">Lacistemataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salicaceae" title="Salicaceae">Salicaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peraceae" title="Peraceae">Peraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafflesiaceae" title="Rafflesiaceae">Rafflesiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphorbiaceae" title="Euphorbiaceae">Euphorbiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linaceae" title="Linaceae">Linaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ixonanthaceae" title="Ixonanthaceae">Ixonanthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picrodendraceae" title="Picrodendraceae">Picrodendraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllanthaceae" title="Phyllanthaceae">Phyllanthaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Oxalidales" title="Oxalidales">Oxalidales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huaceae" title="Huaceae">Huaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connaraceae" title="Connaraceae">Connaraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxalidaceae" title="Oxalidaceae">Oxalidaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunoniaceae" title="Cunoniaceae">Cunoniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaeocarpaceae" title="Elaeocarpaceae">Elaeocarpaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cephalotaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cephalotaceae">Cephalotaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunelliaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Brunelliaceae">Brunelliaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"> <a href="/wiki/Malvids" class="mw-redirect" title="Malvids">Malvids</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Brassicales" title="Brassicales">Brassicales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akaniaceae" title="Akaniaceae">Akaniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropaeolaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropaeolaceae">Tropaeolaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moringaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Moringaceae">Moringaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caricaceae" title="Caricaceae">Caricaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limnanthaceae" title="Limnanthaceae">Limnanthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setchellanthaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Setchellanthaceae">Setchellanthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koeberliniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Koeberliniaceae">Koeberliniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Bataceae">Bataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoraceae" title="Salvadoraceae">Salvadoraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblingiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Emblingiaceae">Emblingiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tovariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tovariaceae">Tovariaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentadiplandraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentadiplandraceae">Pentadiplandraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyrostemonaceae" title="Gyrostemonaceae">Gyrostemonaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resedaceae" title="Resedaceae">Resedaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capparaceae" title="Capparaceae">Capparaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleomaceae" title="Cleomaceae">Cleomaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brassicaceae" title="Brassicaceae">Brassicaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Crossosomatales" title="Crossosomatales">Crossosomatales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aphloiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aphloiaceae">Aphloiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geissolomataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Geissolomataceae">Geissolomataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasburgeriaceae" title="Strasburgeriaceae">Strasburgeriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staphyleaceae" title="Staphyleaceae">Staphyleaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guamatelaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Guamatelaceae">Guamatelaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stachyuraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Stachyuraceae">Stachyuraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossosomataceae" title="Crossosomataceae">Crossosomataceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Geraniales" title="Geraniales">Geraniales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geraniaceae" title="Geraniaceae">Geraniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francoaceae" title="Francoaceae">Francoaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Huerteales" title="Huerteales">Huerteales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerrardinaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerrardinaceae">Gerrardinaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petenaeaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Petenaeaceae">Petenaeaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapisciaceae" title="Tapisciaceae">Tapisciaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipentodontaceae" title="Dipentodontaceae">Dipentodontaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Malvales" title="Malvales">Malvales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cytinaceae" title="Cytinaceae">Cytinaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muntingiaceae" title="Muntingiaceae">Muntingiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuradaceae" title="Neuradaceae">Neuradaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malvaceae" title="Malvaceae">Malvaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphaerosepalaceae" title="Sphaerosepalaceae">Sphaerosepalaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thymelaeaceae" title="Thymelaeaceae">Thymelaeaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bixaceae" title="Bixaceae">Bixaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistaceae" title="Cistaceae">Cistaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarcolaenaceae" title="Sarcolaenaceae">Sarcolaenaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipterocarpaceae" title="Dipterocarpaceae">Dipterocarpaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Myrtales" title="Myrtales">Myrtales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Combretaceae" title="Combretaceae">Combretaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lythraceae" title="Lythraceae">Lythraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onagraceae" title="Onagraceae">Onagraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vochysiaceae" title="Vochysiaceae">Vochysiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrtaceae" title="Myrtaceae">Myrtaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melastomataceae" title="Melastomataceae">Melastomataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crypteroniaceae" title="Crypteroniaceae">Crypteroniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alzateaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Alzateaceae">Alzateaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penaeaceae" title="Penaeaceae">Penaeaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Picramniales" class="mw-redirect" title="Picramniales">Picramniales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Picramniaceae" title="Picramniaceae">Picramniaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Sapindales" title="Sapindales">Sapindales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biebersteiniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Biebersteiniaceae">Biebersteiniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrariaceae" title="Nitrariaceae">Nitrariaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkiaceae" title="Kirkiaceae">Kirkiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burseraceae" title="Burseraceae">Burseraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anacardiaceae" title="Anacardiaceae">Anacardiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapindaceae" title="Sapindaceae">Sapindaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutaceae" title="Rutaceae">Rutaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simaroubaceae" title="Simaroubaceae">Simaroubaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meliaceae" title="Meliaceae">Meliaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"> <a href="/wiki/Superasterids" title="Superasterids">Superasterids</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Berberidopsidales" title="Berberidopsidales">Berberidopsidales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aextoxicaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aextoxicaceae">Aextoxicaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berberidopsidaceae" title="Berberidopsidaceae">Berberidopsidaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales">Caryophyllales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frankeniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankeniaceae">Frankeniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamaricaceae" title="Tamaricaceae">Tamaricaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumbaginaceae" title="Plumbaginaceae">Plumbaginaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygonaceae" title="Polygonaceae">Polygonaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droseraceae" title="Droseraceae">Droseraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepenthaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepenthaceae">Nepenthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drosophyllaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Drosophyllaceae">Drosophyllaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dioncophyllaceae" title="Dioncophyllaceae">Dioncophyllaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancistrocladaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancistrocladaceae">Ancistrocladaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhabdodendraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhabdodendraceae">Rhabdodendraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simmondsiaceae" title="Simmondsiaceae">Simmondsiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physenaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Physenaceae">Physenaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteropeiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Asteropeiaceae">Asteropeiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macarthuriaceae" title="Macarthuriaceae">Macarthuriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microteaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Microteaceae">Microteaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caryophyllaceae" title="Caryophyllaceae">Caryophyllaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achatocarpaceae" title="Achatocarpaceae">Achatocarpaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaranthaceae" title="Amaranthaceae">Amaranthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stegnospermataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Stegnospermataceae">Stegnospermataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limeaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Limeaceae">Limeaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lophiocarpaceae" title="Lophiocarpaceae">Lophiocarpaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kewaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Kewaceae">Kewaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbeuiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbeuiaceae">Barbeuiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gisekiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gisekiaceae">Gisekiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aizoaceae" title="Aizoaceae">Aizoaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phytolaccaceae" title="Phytolaccaceae">Phytolaccaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petiveriaceae" title="Petiveriaceae">Petiveriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarcobataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarcobataceae">Sarcobataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyctaginaceae" title="Nyctaginaceae">Nyctaginaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molluginaceae" title="Molluginaceae">Molluginaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montiaceae" title="Montiaceae">Montiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didiereaceae" title="Didiereaceae">Didiereaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basellaceae" title="Basellaceae">Basellaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halophytaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Halophytaceae">Halophytaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talinaceae" title="Talinaceae">Talinaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portulacaceae" title="Portulacaceae">Portulacaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anacampserotaceae" title="Anacampserotaceae">Anacampserotaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cactaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cactaceae">Cactaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Santalales" title="Santalales">Santalales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olacaceae" title="Olacaceae">Olacaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opiliaceae" title="Opiliaceae">Opiliaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balanophoraceae" title="Balanophoraceae">Balanophoraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santalaceae" title="Santalaceae">Santalaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misodendraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Misodendraceae">Misodendraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schoepfiaceae" title="Schoepfiaceae">Schoepfiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loranthaceae" title="Loranthaceae">Loranthaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Asterids" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"> <a href="/wiki/Asterids" title="Asterids">Asterids</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Cornales" title="Cornales">Cornales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nyssaceae" title="Nyssaceae">Nyssaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrostachyaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrostachyaceae">Hydrostachyaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrangeaceae" title="Hydrangeaceae">Hydrangeaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loasaceae" title="Loasaceae">Loasaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtisiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Curtisiaceae">Curtisiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grubbiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Grubbiaceae">Grubbiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornaceae" title="Cornaceae">Cornaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Ericales" title="Ericales">Ericales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balsaminaceae" title="Balsaminaceae">Balsaminaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcgraviaceae" title="Marcgraviaceae">Marcgraviaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrameristaceae" title="Tetrameristaceae">Tetrameristaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fouquieriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Fouquieriaceae">Fouquieriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polemoniaceae" title="Polemoniaceae">Polemoniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lecythidaceae" title="Lecythidaceae">Lecythidaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sladeniaceae" title="Sladeniaceae">Sladeniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentaphylacaceae" title="Pentaphylacaceae">Pentaphylacaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapotaceae" title="Sapotaceae">Sapotaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenaceae" title="Ebenaceae">Ebenaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primulaceae" title="Primulaceae">Primulaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theaceae" title="Theaceae">Theaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symplocaceae" title="Symplocaceae">Symplocaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diapensiaceae" title="Diapensiaceae">Diapensiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Styracaceae" title="Styracaceae">Styracaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarraceniaceae" title="Sarraceniaceae">Sarraceniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roridulaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Roridulaceae">Roridulaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actinidiaceae" title="Actinidiaceae">Actinidiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clethraceae" title="Clethraceae">Clethraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillaceae" title="Cyrillaceae">Cyrillaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ericaceae" title="Ericaceae">Ericaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitrastemonaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitrastemonaceae">Mitrastemonaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"> <a href="/wiki/Lamiids" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamiids">Lamiids</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Icacinales" title="Icacinales">Icacinales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oncothecaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Oncothecaceae">Oncothecaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icacinaceae" title="Icacinaceae">Icacinaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Metteniusales" class="mw-redirect" title="Metteniusales">Metteniusales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metteniusaceae" title="Metteniusaceae">Metteniusaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Garryales" title="Garryales">Garryales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eucommiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Eucommiaceae">Eucommiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garryaceae" title="Garryaceae">Garryaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Gentianales" title="Gentianales">Gentianales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rubiaceae" title="Rubiaceae">Rubiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentianaceae" title="Gentianaceae">Gentianaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loganiaceae" title="Loganiaceae">Loganiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelsemiaceae" title="Gelsemiaceae">Gelsemiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocynaceae" title="Apocynaceae">Apocynaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Boraginales" title="Boraginales">Boraginales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boraginaceae" title="Boraginaceae">Boraginaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Vahliales" class="mw-redirect" title="Vahliales">Vahliales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vahliaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Vahliaceae">Vahliaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Solanales" title="Solanales">Solanales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convolvulaceae" title="Convolvulaceae">Convolvulaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solanaceae" title="Solanaceae">Solanaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montiniaceae" title="Montiniaceae">Montiniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphenocleaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sphenocleaceae">Sphenocleaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroleaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroleaceae">Hydroleaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Lamiales" title="Lamiales">Lamiales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plocospermataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Plocospermataceae">Plocospermataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlemanniaceae" title="Carlemanniaceae">Carlemanniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleaceae" title="Oleaceae">Oleaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrachondraceae" title="Tetrachondraceae">Tetrachondraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calceolariaceae" title="Calceolariaceae">Calceolariaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gesneriaceae" title="Gesneriaceae">Gesneriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantaginaceae" title="Plantaginaceae">Plantaginaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrophulariaceae" title="Scrophulariaceae">Scrophulariaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stilbaceae" title="Stilbaceae">Stilbaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linderniaceae" title="Linderniaceae">Linderniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byblidaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Byblidaceae">Byblidaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyniaceae" title="Martyniaceae">Martyniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedaliaceae" title="Pedaliaceae">Pedaliaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acanthaceae" title="Acanthaceae">Acanthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bignoniaceae" title="Bignoniaceae">Bignoniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lentibulariaceae" title="Lentibulariaceae">Lentibulariaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schlegeliaceae" title="Schlegeliaceae">Schlegeliaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomandersiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomandersiaceae">Thomandersiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verbenaceae" title="Verbenaceae">Verbenaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamiaceae" title="Lamiaceae">Lamiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazaceae" title="Mazaceae">Mazaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrymaceae" title="Phrymaceae">Phrymaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulowniaceae" title="Paulowniaceae">Paulowniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orobanchaceae" title="Orobanchaceae">Orobanchaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"> <a href="/wiki/Campanulids" class="mw-redirect" title="Campanulids">Campanulids</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Apiales" title="Apiales">Apiales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pennantiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennantiaceae">Pennantiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torricelliaceae" title="Torricelliaceae">Torricelliaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griseliniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Griseliniaceae">Griseliniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittosporaceae" title="Pittosporaceae">Pittosporaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Araliaceae" title="Araliaceae">Araliaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myodocarpaceae" title="Myodocarpaceae">Myodocarpaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apiaceae" title="Apiaceae">Apiaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Aquifoliales" title="Aquifoliales">Aquifoliales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stemonuraceae" title="Stemonuraceae">Stemonuraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiopteridaceae" title="Cardiopteridaceae">Cardiopteridaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllonomaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Phyllonomaceae">Phyllonomaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helwingiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Helwingiaceae">Helwingiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquifoliaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquifoliaceae">Aquifoliaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Asterales" title="Asterales">Asterales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rousseaceae" title="Rousseaceae">Rousseaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campanulaceae" title="Campanulaceae">Campanulaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentaphragmataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentaphragmataceae">Pentaphragmataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stylidiaceae" title="Stylidiaceae">Stylidiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alseuosmiaceae" title="Alseuosmiaceae">Alseuosmiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phellinaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Phellinaceae">Phellinaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argophyllaceae" title="Argophyllaceae">Argophyllaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menyanthaceae" title="Menyanthaceae">Menyanthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goodeniaceae" title="Goodeniaceae">Goodeniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calyceraceae" title="Calyceraceae">Calyceraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteraceae" title="Asteraceae">Asteraceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Bruniales" title="Bruniales">Bruniales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columelliaceae" title="Columelliaceae">Columelliaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruniaceae" title="Bruniaceae">Bruniaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Dipsacales" title="Dipsacales">Dipsacales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adoxaceae" title="Adoxaceae">Adoxaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caprifoliaceae" title="Caprifoliaceae">Caprifoliaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Escalloniales" class="mw-redirect" title="Escalloniales">Escalloniales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Escalloniaceae" title="Escalloniaceae">Escalloniaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Paracryphiales" class="mw-redirect" title="Paracryphiales">Paracryphiales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paracryphiaceae" title="Paracryphiaceae">Paracryphiaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#C3EEC3;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Angiosperm_families" title="Category:Angiosperm families">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Bromeliaceae</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156529" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q156529">Q156529</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Bromeliaceae" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Bromeliaceae">Bromeliaceae</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Plant_Name_Index" title="Australian Plant Name Index">APNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.biodiversity.org.au/name/apni/54687">54687</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=148683">148683</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/622GQ">622GQ</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/8198">8198</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/1BROF">1BROF</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_North_America" title="Flora of North America">FNA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=10123">10123</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Australia" title="Flora of Australia">FoAO2</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Bromeliaceae">Bromeliaceae</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_China_(series)" title="Flora of China (series)">FoC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=10123">10123</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/3740">3740</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomyfamily.aspx?id=169">169</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/49570">49570</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/30000083-2">30000083-2</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=115131">115131</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=42330">42330</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nbn.org.uk/Taxa/NBNSYS0000159538">NBNSYS0000159538</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=4613">4613</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/1bf18412-a633-45f5-ae60-a1c8de6f4f32">1bf18412-a633-45f5-ae60-a1c8de6f4f32</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=627035">627035</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=55818">55818</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A30000083-2">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30000083-2</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/42000361">42000361</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Watson & Dallwitz: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/bromelia.htm">bromelia</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-7000000084">wfo-7000000084</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link 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