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VP8 - Wikipedia

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class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=VP8" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=VP8" title="You&#039;re encouraged to log in; however, it&#039;s not mandatory. 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Features</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Technology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Implementations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Implementations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Implementations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Implementations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Implementations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Implementations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-libvpx" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#libvpx"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>libvpx</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-libvpx-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Encoding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Encoding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Encoding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Encoding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decoding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decoding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Decoding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decoding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operating_system_support" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operating_system_support"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Operating system support</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operating_system_support-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_formats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_formats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Related formats</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Related_formats-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Related formats subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Related_formats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-WebM" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#WebM"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>WebM</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-WebM-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-WebP" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#WebP"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>WebP</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-WebP-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comparison_with_H.264" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparison_with_H.264"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Comparison with H.264</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparison_with_H.264-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">VP8</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%8A_8" title="في بي 8 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="في بي 8" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/VP8" title="VP8 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="VP8" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/VP8" title="VP8 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="VP8" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/VP8" title="VP8 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="VP8" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/VP8" title="VP8 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="VP8" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/VP8" title="VP8 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="VP8" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/VP8" title="VP8 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="VP8" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/VP8" title="VP8 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="VP8" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF8" title="വിപി8 – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിപി8" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/VP8" title="VP8 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="VP8" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/VP8" title="VP8 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="VP8" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/VP8" title="VP8 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="VP8" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/VP8" title="VP8 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="VP8" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/VP8" title="VP8 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="VP8" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/VP8" title="VP8 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="VP8" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/VP8" title="VP8 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="VP8" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/VP8" title="VP8 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="VP8" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/VP8" title="VP8 – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="VP8" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/VP8" title="VP8 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="VP8" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1063970#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" 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class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=VP8&amp;action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=VP8&amp;action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/VP8" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/VP8" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=VP8&amp;oldid=1253589536" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=VP8&amp;action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&amp;page=VP8&amp;id=1253589536&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FVP8"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FVP8"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=VP8&amp;action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=VP8&amp;printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:VP8" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1063970" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Open and royalty-free video coding format released by Google in 2010</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/VP8_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="VP8 (disambiguation)">VP8 (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="padding-bottom:0.15em;">VP8</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vp8-logo-for-mediawiki.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="VP8 logo"><img alt="VP8 logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Vp8-logo-for-mediawiki.svg/200px-Vp8-logo-for-mediawiki.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Vp8-logo-for-mediawiki.svg/300px-Vp8-logo-for-mediawiki.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Vp8-logo-for-mediawiki.svg/400px-Vp8-logo-for-mediawiki.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="233" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Media_type" title="Media type">Internet media&#160;type</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">video/VP8</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Developed&#160;by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/On2_Technologies" title="On2 Technologies">On2 Technologies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">September 13, 2008</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Type of format</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Video_coding_format" title="Video coding format">Video coding format</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Contained&#160;by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/WebM" title="WebM">WebM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matroska" title="Matroska">Matroska</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Extended&#160;from</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/VP7" class="mw-redirect" title="VP7">VP7</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Extended&#160;to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/VP9" title="VP9">VP9</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/International_standard" title="International standard">Standard</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6386">6386</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Open_file_format" title="Open file format">Open format</a>?</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">Yes (specification under <a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons_licenses" class="mw-redirect" title="Creative Commons licenses">CC-by</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-specLicense_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-specLicense-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Open_standard#Comparison_of_definitions" title="Open standard">Free format</a>?</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">See <a href="#History">§&#160;History</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>VP8</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Open_format" class="mw-redirect" title="Open format">open</a> and <a href="/wiki/Royalty-free" title="Royalty-free">royalty-free</a> <a href="/wiki/Video_coding_format" title="Video coding format">video compression format</a> released by <a href="/wiki/On2_Technologies" title="On2 Technologies">On2 Technologies</a> in 2008. </p><p>Initially released as a <a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">proprietary</a> successor to On2's previous <a href="/wiki/VP7" class="mw-redirect" title="VP7">VP7</a> format, VP8 was released as an open and royalty-free format in May 2010 after Google acquired On2 Technologies. Google provided an irrevocable patent promise on its <a href="/wiki/Patents" class="mw-redirect" title="Patents">patents</a> for implementing the VP8 format, and released a specification of the format under the <a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons_licenses" class="mw-redirect" title="Creative Commons licenses">Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-specLicense_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-specLicense-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> That same year, Google also released <a href="/wiki/Libvpx" title="Libvpx">libvpx</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Reference_implementation" title="Reference implementation">reference implementation</a> of VP8, under the revised <a href="/wiki/BSD_licenses" title="BSD licenses">BSD license</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-changes-to-webm-open-source-license_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-changes-to-webm-open-source-license-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Opera_(web_browser)" title="Opera (web browser)">Opera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Firefox" title="Firefox">Firefox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Chrome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pale_Moon" title="Pale Moon">Pale Moon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chromium_(web_browser)" title="Chromium (web browser)">Chromium</a> support playing VP8 video in <a href="/wiki/HTML_video" title="HTML video">HTML video</a> tag.<sup id="cite_ref-Nokia_lines_up_patents_against_VP8_video_codec._3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nokia_lines_up_patents_against_VP8_video_codec.-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</a> officially supports VP8 if the user has the <a href="/wiki/DirectShow" title="DirectShow">DirectShow</a> filter installed.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IE9_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IE9-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> According to Google, VP8 is mainly used in connection with <a href="/wiki/WebRTC" title="WebRTC">WebRTC</a> and as a format for short looped animations, as a replacement for the <a href="/wiki/Graphics_Interchange_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Graphics Interchange Format">Graphics Interchange Format</a> (GIF).<sup id="cite_ref-VP10_compression_techniques_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VP10_compression_techniques-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>VP8 can be multiplexed into the <a href="/wiki/Matroska" title="Matroska">Matroska</a>-based container format <a href="/wiki/WebM" title="WebM">WebM</a> along with <a href="/wiki/Vorbis" title="Vorbis">Vorbis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Opus_(audio_format)" title="Opus (audio format)">Opus</a> audio. The image format <a href="/wiki/WebP" title="WebP">WebP</a> is based on VP8's intra-frame coding. VP8's direct successor, <a href="/wiki/VP9" title="VP9">VP9</a>, and the royalty-free <a href="/wiki/AV1" title="AV1">AV1</a> codec from the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Open_Media" title="Alliance for Open Media">Alliance for Open Media</a> are based on VP8.<sup id="cite_ref-VP9_successor_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VP9_successor-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VP8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>VP8 only supports <a href="/wiki/Progressive_scan" title="Progressive scan">progressive scan</a> video signals with 4:2:0 <a href="/wiki/Chroma_subsampling" title="Chroma subsampling">chroma subsampling</a> and 8&#160;bits per <a href="/wiki/Sampling_(signal_processing)" title="Sampling (signal processing)">sample</a>. In its first public version, On2's VP8 implementation supports <a href="/wiki/Multi-core_processor" title="Multi-core processor">multi-core processors</a> with up to 64 cores simultaneously. At least in the implementation (from August 2011), VP8 is comparatively badly adapted to high resolutions (<a href="/wiki/High-definition_video" title="High-definition video">HD</a>). With only three reference frame buffers needed, VP8 enables decoder implementations with a relatively small <a href="/wiki/Memory_footprint" title="Memory footprint">memory footprint</a>. The format features a pure intra mode, i.e. using only independently coded frames without temporal prediction, to enable random access in applications like video editing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technology">Technology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VP8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>VP8 is a traditional block-based <a href="/wiki/Frequency_transform" class="mw-redirect" title="Frequency transform">transform</a> coding format. It has much in common with <a href="/wiki/H.264/MPEG-4_AVC" class="mw-redirect" title="H.264/MPEG-4 AVC">H.264</a>, e.g. some prediction modes.<sup id="cite_ref-MultimediaWiki_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MultimediaWiki-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> At the time of first presentation of VP8, according to On2 the in-loop filter<sup id="cite_ref-Loop_Filter_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Loop_Filter-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and the Golden Frames<sup id="cite_ref-Golden_Frames_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Golden_Frames-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> were among the novelties of this iteration. The first definition of such a filter is already found in the <a href="/wiki/H.263" title="H.263">H.263</a> standard, though, and Golden Frames were already in use in VP5<sup id="cite_ref-VP5_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VP5-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and VP7.<sup id="cite_ref-VP7_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VP7-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Discrete_cosine_transform" title="Discrete cosine transform">discrete cosine transform</a> (DCT) on 4×4 blocks and the <a href="/wiki/Hadamard_transform" title="Hadamard transform">Walsh–Hadamard transform</a> (WHT) serve as basic frequency transforms. A maximum of three frames can be referenced for temporal prediction: the last Golden Frame (may be an intra frame), alternate reference frame, and the directly preceding frame. The so-called alternate reference frames (altref) can serve as reference-only frames for displaying them can be deactivated. In this case, the encoder can fill them with arbitrary useful image data, even from future frames, and thereby serve the same purpose as the b-frames of the MPEG formats.<sup id="cite_ref-altref_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-altref-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Similar macroblocks can be assigned to one of up to four (even spatially disjoint) segments and thereby share parameters like the reference frame used, quantizer step size, or filter settings. VP8 offers two different adjustable <a href="/wiki/Deblocking_filter" title="Deblocking filter">deblocking filters</a> that are integrated into the codec loops (in-loop filtering). Many coding tools use probabilities that are calculated continuously from recent context, starting at each intra frames. Macro blocks can comprise 4×4, 8×8, or 16×16 samples. Motion vectors have quarter-pixel precision. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VP8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>VP8 was first released by On2 Technologies on September 13, 2008, as On2 TrueMotion VP8, replacing its predecessor, <a href="/wiki/VP7" class="mw-redirect" title="VP7">VP7</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-broadcastingcable_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-broadcastingcable-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-on2_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-on2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>After <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> acquired On2 in February 2010,<sup id="cite_ref-PRacquisition_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PRacquisition-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> calls for Google to release the VP8 source code were made. Most notably, the <a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation</a> issued an <a href="/wiki/Open_letter" title="Open letter">open letter</a> on March 12, 2010, asking Google to gradually replace the usage of <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash_Player" title="Adobe Flash Player">Adobe Flash Player</a> and <a href="/wiki/H.264/MPEG-4_AVC" class="mw-redirect" title="H.264/MPEG-4 AVC">H.264</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> with a mixture of <a href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</a> and a freed VP8.<sup id="cite_ref-FSFletter_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FSFletter-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Word of an impending open-source release announcement got out on April 12, 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On May 19, at its <a href="/wiki/Google_I/O" title="Google I/O">Google I/O</a> conference, Google released the VP8 codec software under a <a href="/wiki/BSD_license" class="mw-redirect" title="BSD license">BSD</a>-like license and the VP8 <a href="/wiki/Bitstream_format" title="Bitstream format">bitstream format</a> specification under an irrevocable free patent license.<sup id="cite_ref-libvpx-patent-license_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-libvpx-patent-license-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-webm_license_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webm_license-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mashable2010_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mashable2010-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> This made VP8 the second product from On2 Technologies to be opened, following their donation of the <a href="/wiki/VP3" title="VP3">VP3</a> codec in 2002 to the <a href="/wiki/Xiph.Org_Foundation" title="Xiph.Org Foundation">Xiph.Org Foundation</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-On2_Xiph_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-On2_Xiph-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> from which they derived the <a href="/wiki/Theora" title="Theora">Theora</a> codec. </p><p>In February 2011, <a href="/wiki/MPEG_LA" title="MPEG LA">MPEG LA</a> invited patent holders to identify patents that may be essential to VP8 in order to form a joint VP8 <a href="/wiki/Patent_pool" title="Patent pool">patent pool</a>. As a result, in March the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a> (DoJ) started an investigation into MPEG LA for its role in possibly attempting to stifle competition.<sup id="cite_ref-WSJ_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WSJ-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DoJ_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DoJ-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In July 2011, MPEG LA announced that 12 patent holders had responded to its call to form a VP8 <a href="/wiki/Patent_pool" title="Patent pool">patent pool</a>, without revealing the patents in question,<sup id="cite_ref-Patents_Ahead_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Patents_Ahead-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and despite <a href="/wiki/On2_Technologies" title="On2 Technologies">On2</a> having gone to great lengths to avoid such patents.<sup id="cite_ref-patent_risk_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-patent_risk-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2011, the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">Internet Engineering Task Force</a> published the informational RFC 6386, VP8 Data Format and Decoding Guide. </p><p>In March 2013, MPEG LA announced that it had dropped its effort to form a VP8 patent pool after reaching an agreement with Google to license the patents that it alleges "may be essential" for VP8 implementation, and granted Google the right to sub-license these patents to any third-party user of VP8 or <a href="/wiki/VP9" title="VP9">VP9</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-theh-agreement_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theh-agreement-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mpegla.com_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpegla.com-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> This deal has cleared the way for possible <a href="/wiki/MPEG" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG">MPEG</a> standardisation as its royalty-free internet video codec, after Google submitted VP8 to the MPEG committee in January 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-theh-vp8mpeg_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theh-vp8mpeg-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2013, <a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a> asserted a patent claim against <a href="/wiki/HTC" title="HTC">HTC</a> and Google for the use of VP8 in Android in a German court;<sup id="cite_ref-patent-clouds_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-patent-clouds-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> however, on August 5, 2013, the webm project announced that the German court has ruled that VP8 does not infringe Nokia's patent.<sup id="cite_ref-Germany_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Germany-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nokia has made an official intellectual property rights (IPR) declaration to the IETF with respect to the VP8 Data Format and Decoding Guide listing 64 granted patents and 22 pending patent applications.<sup id="cite_ref-setback_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-setback-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Implementations">Implementations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VP8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Implementations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="libvpx">libvpx</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VP8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: libvpx"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Libvpx" title="Libvpx">libvpx</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Reference_implementation" title="Reference implementation">reference implementation</a> of a VP8 (and VP9) codec is found in the <a href="/wiki/Library_(computing)" title="Library (computing)">programming library</a> libvpx which is released as <a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">free software</a>. It has a mode for one-pass and <a href="/wiki/Two-pass_encoding" class="mw-redirect" title="Two-pass encoding">two-pass encoding</a>, respectively, while the one-pass mode is known as being broken and not offering effective control over the target bitrate.<sup id="cite_ref-1-pass_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1-pass-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="discusses VP9 not VP8 (April 2020)">failed verification</span></a></i>&#93;</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Age_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Age-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="discusses VP9 not VP8 (April 2020)">failed verification</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p><p>Currently, libvpx is primary software library capable of encoding VP8 video streams,<sup id="cite_ref-encoder_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encoder-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> but at least one independent implementation exists in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://multimedia.cx/eggs/giving-thanks-for-vp8/">ffvp8enc</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Encoding">Encoding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VP8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Encoding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Video_for_Windows" title="Video for Windows">Video for Windows</a> wrapper of the VP8 codec based on the Google VP8 library (<a href="/wiki/FourCC" title="FourCC">FourCC</a>: VP80) is available.<sup id="cite_ref-vp8vfw_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vp8vfw-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The WebM Project hardware team in <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> released an <a href="/wiki/Register_transfer_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Register transfer level">RTL</a> hardware encoder for VP8 that is available at no cost for semiconductor manufacturers.<sup id="cite_ref-anthill_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anthill-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hardwareRTL_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hardwareRTL-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Nvidia" title="Nvidia">Nvidia</a> <a href="/wiki/Tegra" title="Tegra">Tegra</a> mobile chipsets have full VP8 hardware encoding and decoding (since <a href="/wiki/Tegra_4" class="mw-redirect" title="Tegra 4">Tegra 4</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Tegra4_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tegra4-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Nexus_5" title="Nexus 5">Nexus 5</a> could use hardware encoding<sup id="cite_ref-Nexus5_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nexus5-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decoding">Decoding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VP8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Decoding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>libvpx is capable of decoding VP8 video streams.<sup id="cite_ref-decoder_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-decoder-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On July 23, 2010, Fiona Glaser, Ronald Bultje, and David Conrad of the <a href="/wiki/FFmpeg" title="FFmpeg">FFmpeg</a> Team announced the ffvp8 decoder. Through testing, they determined that ffvp8 was faster than Google's own libvpx decoder.<sup id="cite_ref-ffvp8_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ffvp8-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The WebM Project hardware team released an <a href="/wiki/Register_transfer_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Register transfer level">RTL</a> hardware decoder for VP8, that is releasable to semiconductor companies at zero cost.<sup id="cite_ref-hardwareRTL_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hardwareRTL-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hardwareIP_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hardwareIP-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> TATVIK Technologies announced a VP8 decoder that is optimized for the <a href="/wiki/ARM_Cortex-A8" title="ARM Cortex-A8">ARM Cortex-A8</a> processor.<sup id="cite_ref-NEONdecoder_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NEONdecoder-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Marvell_Technology_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Marvell Technology Group">Marvell</a>'s ARMADA 1500-mini chipset has VP8 SD and HD hardware decoding support (used in <a href="/wiki/Chromecast" title="Chromecast">Chromecast</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-aramada1500_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aramada1500-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a> has full VP8 decoding support built into their <a href="/wiki/Atom_(system_on_chip)" class="mw-redirect" title="Atom (system on chip)">Bay Trail chipsets</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-baytrail_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baytrail-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Broadwell_(microarchitecture)" title="Broadwell (microarchitecture)">Intel Broadwell</a> also adds VP8 hardware decoding support.<sup id="cite_ref-phoronix_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phoronix-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Operating_system_support">Operating system support</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VP8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Operating system support"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"> <caption>VP8 support by different operating systems </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="row"> </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 324px;"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 216px;"><a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 216px;"><a href="/wiki/BSD" class="mw-redirect" title="BSD">BSD</a> / <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 216px;"><a href="/wiki/Android_OS" class="mw-redirect" title="Android OS">Android OS</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 216px;"><a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Codec support </th> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Container support </th> <td><b>On Windows 10 Anniversary Update (1607)</b>: <br /> <a href="/wiki/WebM" title="WebM">WebM</a> (.webm is not recognised; requires pseudo extension) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Matroska" title="Matroska">Matroska</a> (.mkv) <br /> <b>On Windows 10 October 2018 Update (1809)</b>: <br /> <a href="/wiki/WebM" title="WebM">WebM</a> (.webm is recognised officially) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/WebM" title="WebM">WebM</a> (.webm) <br /> - Introduced in macOS 11.3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/WebM" title="WebM">WebM</a> (.webm) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Matroska" title="Matroska">Matroska</a> (.mkv) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/WebM" title="WebM">WebM</a> (.webm) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Matroska" title="Matroska">Matroska</a> (.mkv) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/WebM" title="WebM">WebM</a> (.webm) <br /> - Introduced in iOS 17.4 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Notes </th> <td><b>On <a href="/wiki/Windows_10" title="Windows 10">Windows 10</a></b>: <br /> - On <a href="/wiki/Anniversary_Update" class="mw-redirect" title="Anniversary Update">Anniversary Update</a> (1607), limited support is available in <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge" title="Microsoft Edge">Microsoft Edge</a> (via <a href="/wiki/Media_Source_Extensions" title="Media Source Extensions">MSE</a> only) and <a href="/wiki/Universal_Windows_Platform" title="Universal Windows Platform">Universal Windows Platform</a> apps. <br /> - On <a href="/wiki/April_2018_Update" class="mw-redirect" title="April 2018 Update">April 2018 Update</a> (1803) with <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.microsoft.com/store/productId/9N5TDP8VCMHS">Web Media Extensions</a> preinstalled, Microsoft Edge (EdgeHTML 17) supports VP8 videos embedded in &lt;video&gt; tags. <br /> - On <a href="/wiki/Windows_10_version_history#Version_1809_(October_2018_Update)" title="Windows 10 version history">October 2018 Update</a> (1809), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.microsoft.com/store/productId/9n4d0msmp0pt">VP9 Video Extensions</a> is preinstalled. It enables encoding of VP8 and VP9 content on devices that don't have a hardware-based video encoder.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td>- </td> <td>- Support introduced in Android 2.3.3+ <br /> - Streamable in Android 4.0+ </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_formats">Related formats</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VP8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Related formats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="WebM">WebM</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VP8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: WebM"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/WebM" title="WebM">WebM</a></div> <p>Also on May 19, 2010, the <a href="/wiki/WebM" title="WebM">WebM</a> Project was launched, featuring contributions from "Mozilla,<sup id="cite_ref-FF-YT-WebM_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FF-YT-WebM-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Opera,<sup id="cite_ref-Opera1_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Opera1-50"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Opera2_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Opera2-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Google<sup id="cite_ref-Chromium_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chromium-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and more than forty other publishers, software and hardware vendors" in a major effort to use VP8 as the video format for HTML5.<sup id="cite_ref-webm-build_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webm-build-53"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In the WebM <a href="/wiki/Container_format_(digital)" class="mw-redirect" title="Container format (digital)">container format</a>, the VP8 video is used with <a href="/wiki/Vorbis" title="Vorbis">Vorbis</a> or <a href="/wiki/Opus_(audio_format)" title="Opus (audio format)">Opus</a> audio.<sup id="cite_ref-xiph-webm_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xiph-webm-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-faq_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faq-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Internet Explorer 9 will support VP8 video playback if the proper codec is installed.<sup id="cite_ref-IE9_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IE9-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> is WebM-enabled from version 2.3 - Gingerbread.<sup id="cite_ref-webm_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webm-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Since Android 4.0, VP8 could be read inside mkv<sup id="cite_ref-android4_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-android4-57"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and WebM could be streamed.<sup id="cite_ref-android-formats_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-android-formats-58"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Systems">Adobe</a> also announced that the <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash_Player" title="Adobe Flash Player">Flash Player</a> will support VP8 playback in a future release.<sup id="cite_ref-FlashPlayer_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FlashPlayer-59"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="WebP">WebP</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VP8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: WebP"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/WebP" title="WebP">WebP</a></div> <p>On September 30, 2010, Google announced <a href="/wiki/WebP" title="WebP">WebP</a>, their new image format, on the <a href="/wiki/Chromium_(web_browser)" title="Chromium (web browser)">Chromium</a> blog.<sup id="cite_ref-WebP_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WebP-60"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> WebP is based on VP8's intra-frame coding and uses a container based on <a href="/wiki/Resource_Interchange_File_Format" title="Resource Interchange File Format">Resource Interchange File Format</a> (RIFF). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comparison_with_H.264">Comparison with H.264</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VP8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: Comparison with H.264"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While <a href="/wiki/H.264/MPEG-4_AVC" class="mw-redirect" title="H.264/MPEG-4 AVC">H.264/MPEG-4 AVC</a> contains patented technology and requires licenses from patent holders and limited royalties for hardware, Google has irrevocably released the VP8 patents it owns under a royalty-free public license.<sup id="cite_ref-libvpx-patent-license_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-libvpx-patent-license-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Google-patents_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Google-patents-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to a comparison of VP8 (encoded with the initial release of libvpx) and <a href="/wiki/H.264" class="mw-redirect" title="H.264">H.264</a> conducted by StreamingMedia, it was concluded that "H.264 may have a slight quality advantage, but it's not commercially relevant" and that "Even watching side-by-side (which no viewer ever does), very few viewers could tell the difference". They also stated that "H.264 has an implementation advantage, not a technology advantage."<sup id="cite_ref-SMWest2010_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SMWest2010-62"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Google claims that VP8 offers the "highest quality real-time video delivery"<sup id="cite_ref-Benefits_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benefits-63"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and Libvpx includes a mode where the maximum CPU resources possible will be used while still keeping the encoding speed almost exactly equivalent to the playback speed (realtime), keeping the quality as high as possible without lag. On the other hand, a review conducted by <a href="/wiki/Information_Today,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Information Today, Inc.">streamingmedia.com</a> in May 2010 concluded that <a href="/wiki/H.264/MPEG-4_AVC" class="mw-redirect" title="H.264/MPEG-4 AVC">H.264</a> offers slightly better quality than VP8.<sup id="cite_ref-OzerFirst_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OzerFirst-64"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2010 Fiona Glaser, a developer of the <a href="/wiki/X264" title="X264">x264</a> encoder, gave several points of criticism for VP8, claiming that its specification was incomplete, and the performance of the encoder's deblocking filter was inferior to x264 in some areas.<sup id="cite_ref-GlaserFirst_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GlaserFirst-65"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In its specification, VP8 should be a bit better than H.264 Baseline Profile and Microsoft's <a href="/wiki/VC-1" title="VC-1">VC-1</a>. Encoding is somewhere between <a href="/wiki/Xvid" title="Xvid">Xvid</a> and VC-1. Decoding is slower than <a href="/wiki/FFmpeg" title="FFmpeg">FFmpeg</a>'s H.264, but this aspect can hardly be improved due to the similarities to H.264. Compression-wise, VP8 offers better performance than <a href="/wiki/Theora" title="Theora">Theora</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dirac_(video_compression_format)" title="Dirac (video compression format)">Dirac</a>. According to Glaser, the VP8 interface lacks features and is buggy, and the specification is not fully defined and could be considered incomplete. Much of the VP8 code is copy-pasted <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a> code</span>, and since the source constitutes the actual specification, any bugs will also be defined as something that has to be implemented to be in compliance. </p><p>In 2010, it was announced that the <a href="/wiki/WebM" title="WebM">WebM</a> audio/video format would be based on a <a href="/wiki/Profile_(engineering)" title="Profile (engineering)">profile</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Matroska" title="Matroska">Matroska</a> container format together with VP8 video and <a href="/wiki/Vorbis" title="Vorbis">Vorbis</a> audio.<sup id="cite_ref-faq_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faq-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VP8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-source_codecs" title="List of open-source codecs">List of open-source codecs</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VP8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-specLicense-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-specLicense_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-specLicense_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webmproject.org/license/bitstream/">"VP8 Bitstream Specification License"</a>. WebM Project<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=VP8+Bitstream+Specification+License&amp;rft.pub=WebM+Project&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.webmproject.org%2Flicense%2Fbitstream%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVP8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-changes-to-webm-open-source-license-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-changes-to-webm-open-source-license_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.webmproject.org/2010/06/changes-to-webm-open-source-license.html">"Changes to the WebM Open Source License"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-06-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Changes+to+the+WebM+Open+Source+License&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.webmproject.org%2F2010%2F06%2Fchanges-to-webm-open-source-license.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVP8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nokia_lines_up_patents_against_VP8_video_codec.-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nokia_lines_up_patents_against_VP8_video_codec._3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130528002052/http://www.h-online.com/open/news/item/Nokia-lines-up-patents-against-VP8-video-codec-1829299.html">"Nokia lines up patents against VP8 video codec"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://h-online.com/-1829299">the original</a> on 28 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-03-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Nokia+lines+up+patents+against+VP8+video+codec.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fh-online.com%2F-1829299&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVP8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFkragil2010" class="citation web cs1">kragil (2010-05-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osnews.com/story/23323/microsoft-internet-explorer-9-to-support-vp8/">"Microsoft: Internet Explorer 9 To Support VP8 – OSnews"</a>. <i>www.osnews.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.osnews.com&amp;rft.atitle=Microsoft%3A+Internet+Explorer+9+To+Support+VP8+%E2%80%93+OSnews&amp;rft.date=2010-05-19&amp;rft.au=kragil&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osnews.com%2Fstory%2F23323%2Fmicrosoft-internet-explorer-9-to-support-vp8%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVP8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IE9-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IE9_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IE9_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dean Hachamovitch (Microsoft) on March 16, 2011 on IEBlog: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/ie/2011/03/16/html5-video-updatewebm-for-ie9/">HTML5 Video Update—WebM for IE9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VP10_compression_techniques-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VP10_compression_techniques_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alex Converse (Google), September 19, 2015: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://youtube.com/watch?v=gkz1ZvejmEc">New video compression techniques under consideration for VP10</a> – presentation at the VideoLAN Dev Days 2015 in Paris</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VP9_successor-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VP9_successor_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZimmerman2017" class="citation web cs1">Zimmerman, Steven (15 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170614042710/https://www.xda-developers.com/av1-future-video-codecs-google-hevc/">"Google's Royalty-Free Answer to HEVC: A Look at AV1 and the Future of Video Codecs"</a>. XDA Developers. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xda-developers.com/av1-future-video-codecs-google-hevc/">the original</a> on 14 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Google%27s+Royalty-Free+Answer+to+HEVC%3A+A+Look+at+AV1+and+the+Future+of+Video+Codecs&amp;rft.pub=XDA+Developers&amp;rft.date=2017-05-15&amp;rft.aulast=Zimmerman&amp;rft.aufirst=Steven&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.xda-developers.com%2Fav1-future-video-codecs-google-hevc%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVP8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MultimediaWiki-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MultimediaWiki_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wiki.multimedia.cx/?title=VP8">"On2 VP8 - MultimediaWiki"</a>. <i>wiki.multimedia.cx</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=wiki.multimedia.cx&amp;rft.atitle=On2+VP8+-+MultimediaWiki&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwiki.multimedia.cx%2F%3Ftitle%3DVP8&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVP8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Loop_Filter-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Loop_Filter_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080918032151/http://www.on2.com/index.php?601">"Loop Filter"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.on2.com/index.php?601">the original</a> on September 18, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 22,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Loop+Filter&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.on2.com%2Findex.php%3F601&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVP8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Golden_Frames-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Golden_Frames_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081022154547/http://www.on2.com/index.php?602">"Golden Frames"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.on2.com/index.php?602">the original</a> on October 22, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Google+VP8+Video+For+Windows+codec&amp;rft.pub=Optima+SC+Inc&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.optimasc.com%2Fproducts%2Fvp8vfw%2Findex.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVP8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-anthill-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-anthill_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.webmproject.org/2011/03/introducing-anthill-first-vp8-hardware.html"><i>Introducing "Anthill," the First VP8 Hardware Encoder IP Release</i></a>, WebM Project</cite><span 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=WebM+Video+Hardware+RTLs&amp;rft.pub=WebM+Project&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.webmproject.org%2Fhardware%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVP8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tegra4-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tegra4_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nvidia.com/docs/IO/116757/Tegra_4_GPU_Whitepaper_FINALv2.pdf"><i>NVIDIA Tegra 4 Family GPU Architecture</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span></cite><span 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href="https://accounts.google.com/v3/signin/identifier?dsh=S-1274787880%3A1674316295246274&amp;continue=https%3A%2F%2Fplus.google.com%2F%2BWebRTCorg%2Fposts%2FVXXwACq3wv6&amp;followup=https%3A%2F%2Fplus.google.com%2F%2BWebRTCorg%2Fposts%2FVXXwACq3wv6&amp;osid=1&amp;passive=1209600&amp;flowName=WebLiteSignIn&amp;flowEntry=ServiceLogin&amp;ifkv=AWnogHcJ-2v072NcMjaHaswYItEhaQuNbZHyb1IobNtZBA5V57t4C5pWrWLFb2PZ0qKPwHwjKzVr">"Sign in - Google Accounts"</a>. <i>accounts.google.com</i>.</cite><span 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href="http://blog.webmproject.org/2011/01/availability-of-webm-vp8-video-hardware.html"><i>Availability of WebM (VP8) Video Hardware IP Designs</i></a>, WebM Project</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Availability+of+WebM+%28VP8%29+Video+Hardware+IP+Designs&amp;rft.pub=WebM+Project&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.webmproject.org%2F2011%2F01%2Favailability-of-webm-vp8-video-hardware.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVP8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NEONdecoder-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NEONdecoder_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tatvik.com/news_9_3_2011.html"><i>Tatvik Announces High Performance VP8 Video Decoder Optimized For Cortex-A8 Using ARM 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-02-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=First+Look%3A+H.264+and+VP8+Compared&amp;rft.pub=streamingmedia.com&amp;rft.date=2010-05-20&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.streamingmedia.com%2Farticles%2Feditorial%2F-67266.aspx&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVP8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GlaserFirst-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GlaserFirst_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlaser2010" class="citation web cs1">Glaser, Fiona (2010-07-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150301015756/http://x264dev.multimedia.cx/archives/486">"First Look: H.264 and VP8 Compared"</a>. Diary Of An x264 Developer. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://x264dev.multimedia.cx/archives/486#more-486">the original</a> on 2015-03-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-07-01</span></span>. <q>I expect a spec will eventually be written, but it was a bit obnoxious of Google — both to the community and to their own developers — to release so early that they didn't even have their own documentation ready.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=First+Look%3A+H.264+and+VP8+Compared&amp;rft.pub=Diary+Of+An+x264+Developer&amp;rft.date=2010-07-13&amp;rft.aulast=Glaser&amp;rft.aufirst=Fiona&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fx264dev.multimedia.cx%2Farchives%2F486%23more-486&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVP8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VP8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniel_Wolf" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Daniel Wolf, RWTH Aachen (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tcs.rwth-aachen.de/lehre/Komprimierung/SS2012/ausarbeitungen/WebM-VP8.pdf"><i>WebM / VP8</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in German), Aachen</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=WebM+%2F+VP8&amp;rft.place=Aachen&amp;rft.au=Daniel+Wolf&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tcs.rwth-aachen.de%2Flehre%2FKomprimierung%2FSS2012%2Fausarbeitungen%2FWebM-VP8.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVP8" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCassidy2011" class="citation thesis cs1">Cassidy, Sean A. (2011-11-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scholarworks.rit.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4188&amp;context=theses"><i>An Analysis of VP8, a new video codec for the web</i></a> (M.S.). Rochester Institute of Technology. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/768998565">768998565</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-08-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&amp;rft.title=An+Analysis+of+VP8%2C+a+new+video+codec+for+the+web&amp;rft.inst=Rochester+Institute+of+Technology&amp;rft.date=2011-11-01&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F768998565&amp;rft.aulast=Cassidy&amp;rft.aufirst=Sean+A.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscholarworks.rit.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D4188%26context%3Dtheses&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVP8" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFellerWuenschmannRollRothermel2016" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-location-test">Feller, Christian; Wuenschmann, Juergen; Roll, Thorsten; Rothermel, Albrecht (2016-09-06). "The VP8 video codec - overview and comparison to H.264/AVC". Written at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Ulm" title="University of Ulm">University of Ulm</a>. <i>2011 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics</i>. Berlin: <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers" title="Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers">IEEE</a>. pp.&#160;57–61. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FICCE-Berlin.2011.6031852">10.1109/ICCE-Berlin.2011.6031852</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4577-0233-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4577-0233-4"><bdi>978-1-4577-0233-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2166-6814">2166-6814</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/759377866">759377866</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:37800094">37800094</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=The+VP8+video+codec+-+overview+and+comparison+to+H.264%2FAVC&amp;rft.btitle=2011+IEEE+International+Conference+on+Consumer+Electronics&amp;rft.place=Berlin&amp;rft.pages=57-61&amp;rft.pub=IEEE&amp;rft.date=2016-09-06&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A37800094%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FICCE-Berlin.2011.6031852&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F759377866&amp;rft.issn=2166-6814&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-4577-0233-4&amp;rft.aulast=Feller&amp;rft.aufirst=Christian&amp;rft.au=Wuenschmann%2C+Juergen&amp;rft.au=Roll%2C+Thorsten&amp;rft.au=Rothermel%2C+Albrecht&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVP8" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VP8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc6386/">RFC 6386: VP8 Data Format and Decoding Guide</a> (specification)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6386">RFC 6386: VP8 Data Format and Decoding Guide</a> (November 2011)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webmproject.org/">The WebM Project</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://static.googleusercontent.com/external_content/untrusted_dlcp/research.google.com/en/us/pubs/archive/37073.pdf">Technical Overview Of VP8, An Open Source Video CODEC for the Web</a> – Paper written by Google developers.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120209061213/http://x264dev.multimedia.cx/archives/377">Fiona Glaser's technical analysis</a> of VP8 esp. as compared to H.264.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dspdesignline.com/214303691">The VP8 video codec: High compression+low complexity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100930181634/http://x264dev.multimedia.cx/?p=499">Diary Of An x264 Developer: Announcing the world's fastest VP8 decoder</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Compression_formats" title="Template:Compression formats"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Compression_formats" title="Template talk:Compression formats"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Compression_formats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Compression formats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Multimedia_compression_and_container_formats" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Multimedia" title="Multimedia">Multimedia</a> <a href="/wiki/Data_compression" title="Data compression">compression</a> and <a href="/wiki/Container_format_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Container format (computing)">container</a> formats</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Video_coding_format" title="Video coding format">Video<br />compression</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a>, <br /><a href="/wiki/Moving_Picture_Experts_Group" title="Moving Picture Experts Group">MPEG</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DV_(video_format)" title="DV (video format)">DV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_JPEG" title="Motion JPEG">MJPEG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_JPEG_2000" title="Motion JPEG 2000">Motion JPEG 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1" title="MPEG-1">MPEG-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2">MPEG-2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H.262/MPEG-2_Part_2" title="H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2">Part 2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4" title="MPEG-4">MPEG-4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_2" title="MPEG-4 Part 2">Part 2 / ASP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.264/MPEG-4_AVC" class="mw-redirect" title="H.264/MPEG-4 AVC">Part 10 / AVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_IVC" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG-4 IVC">Part 33 / IVC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-H" title="MPEG-H">MPEG-H</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding" title="High Efficiency Video Coding">Part 2 / HEVC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MPEG-I&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="MPEG-I (page does not exist)">MPEG-I</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_Video_Coding" title="Versatile Video Coding">Part 3 / VVC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-5" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG-5">MPEG-5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Essential_Video_Coding" title="Essential Video Coding">Part 1 / EVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LCEVC" title="LCEVC">Part 2 / LCEVC</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/ITU-T" title="ITU-T">ITU-T</a>, <a href="/wiki/Video_Coding_Experts_Group" title="Video Coding Experts Group">VCEG</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H.120" title="H.120">H.120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.261" title="H.261">H.261</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.262/MPEG-2_Part_2" title="H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2">H.262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.263" title="H.263">H.263</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Video_Coding" title="Advanced Video Coding">H.264 / AVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding" title="High Efficiency Video Coding">H.265 / HEVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_Video_Coding" title="Versatile Video Coding">H.266 / VVC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Motion_Picture_and_Television_Engineers" title="Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers">SMPTE</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VC-1" title="VC-1">VC-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirac_(video_compression_format)" title="Dirac (video compression format)">VC-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avid_DNxHD" title="Avid DNxHD">VC-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CineForm" title="CineForm">VC-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VC-6" title="VC-6">VC-6</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/On2_Technologies" title="On2 Technologies">TrueMotion</a> and AOMedia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/On2_Technologies#TrueMotion_S" title="On2 Technologies">TrueMotion S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VP3" title="VP3">VP3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VP6" title="VP6">VP6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VP7" class="mw-redirect" title="VP7">VP7</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">VP8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VP9" title="VP9">VP9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AV1" title="AV1">AV1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Chinese Standard</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#First_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS1 P2/AVS+</a>(GB/T 20090.2/16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#Second_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS2 P2</a>(GB/T 33475.2,GY/T 299.1) <ul><li>HDR Vivid(GY/T 358)</li></ul></li> <li>AVS3 P2(GY/T 368)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Video" title="Apple Video">Apple Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bink_Video" title="Bink Video">Bink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinepak" title="Cinepak">Cinepak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daala" title="Daala">Daala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Video_Interactive" title="Digital Video Interactive">DVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FFV1" title="FFV1">FFV1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huffyuv" title="Huffyuv">Huffyuv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indeo" title="Indeo">Indeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagarith" title="Lagarith">Lagarith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Video_1" title="Microsoft Video 1">Microsoft Video 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSU_Lossless_Video_Codec" title="MSU Lossless Video Codec">MSU Lossless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OMS_Video" title="OMS Video">OMS Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixlet" title="Pixlet">Pixlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_ProRes" title="Apple ProRes">ProRes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ProRes_422" class="mw-redirect" title="ProRes 422">422</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProRes_4444" class="mw-redirect" title="ProRes 4444">4444</a></li></ul></li> <li>QuickTime <ul><li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime_Animation" title="QuickTime Animation">Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime_Graphics" title="QuickTime Graphics">Graphics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RealVideo" title="RealVideo">RealVideo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTVideo" title="RTVideo">RTVideo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SheerVideo" title="SheerVideo">SheerVideo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smacker_video" title="Smacker video">Smacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorenson_Media" title="Sorenson Media">Sorenson Video/Spark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theora" title="Theora">Theora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor_(video_codec)" title="Thor (video codec)">Thor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ut_Video_Codec_Suite" title="Ut Video Codec Suite">Ut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Video" title="Windows Media Video">WMV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RatDVD" title="RatDVD">XEB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YULS" title="YULS">YULS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Audio_coding_format" title="Audio coding format">Audio<br />compression</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a>,<br /> <a href="/wiki/Moving_Picture_Experts_Group" title="Moving Picture Experts Group">MPEG</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1_Audio_Layer_II" title="MPEG-1 Audio Layer II">MPEG-1 Layer II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_Multichannel" title="MPEG Multichannel">Multichannel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1_Audio_Layer_I" title="MPEG-1 Audio Layer I">MPEG-1 Layer I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP3" title="MP3">MPEG-1 Layer III (MP3)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="Advanced Audio Coding">AAC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High-Efficiency_Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="High-Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding">HE-AAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AAC-LD" title="AAC-LD">AAC-LD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_Surround" title="MPEG Surround">MPEG Surround</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Lossless_Coding" title="Audio Lossless Coding">MPEG-4 ALS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_SLS" title="MPEG-4 SLS">MPEG-4 SLS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Audio_CD#DST" title="Super Audio CD">MPEG-4 DST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonic_Vector_Excitation_Coding" title="Harmonic Vector Excitation Coding">MPEG-4 HVXC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code-excited_linear_prediction" title="Code-excited linear prediction">MPEG-4 CELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Speech_and_Audio_Coding" title="Unified Speech and Audio Coding">MPEG-D USAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-H_3D_Audio" title="MPEG-H 3D Audio">MPEG-H 3D Audio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/ITU-T" title="ITU-T">ITU-T</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G.711" title="G.711">G.711</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-law_algorithm" title="A-law algorithm">A-law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C-law_algorithm" title="Μ-law algorithm">µ-law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.718" title="G.718">G.718</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.719" title="G.719">G.719</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.722" title="G.722">G.722</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.722.1" title="G.722.1">G.722.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_Multi-Rate_Wideband" title="Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband">G.722.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.723" title="G.723">G.723</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.723.1" title="G.723.1">G.723.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.726" title="G.726">G.726</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.728" title="G.728">G.728</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.729" title="G.729">G.729</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.729.1" title="G.729.1">G.729.1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opus_(audio_format)" title="Opus (audio format)">Opus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Low_Bitrate_Codec" title="Internet Low Bitrate Codec">iLBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speex" title="Speex">Speex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vorbis" title="Vorbis">Vorbis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FLAC" title="FLAC">FLAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/3GPP" title="3GPP">3GPP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_Multi-Rate_audio_codec" title="Adaptive Multi-Rate audio codec">AMR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_Multi-Rate_Wideband" title="Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband">AMR-WB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_Adaptive_Multi-Rate_%E2%80%93_Wideband" title="Extended Adaptive Multi-Rate – Wideband">AMR-WB+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Variable_Rate_Codec" title="Enhanced Variable Rate Codec">EVRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Variable_Rate_Codec_B" title="Enhanced Variable Rate Codec B">EVRC-B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Voice_Services" title="Enhanced Voice Services">EVS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_Rate" title="Half Rate">GSM-HR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_Rate" title="Full Rate">GSM-FR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_full_rate" title="Enhanced full rate">GSM-EFR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/ETSI" class="mw-redirect" title="ETSI">ETSI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital">AC-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_AC-4" title="Dolby AC-4">AC-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DTS_(sound_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="DTS (sound system)">DTS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Bluetooth_Special_Interest_Group" title="Bluetooth Special Interest Group">Bluetooth SIG</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SBC_(codec)" title="SBC (codec)">SBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LC3_(codec)" title="LC3 (codec)">LC3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Chinese Standard</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#First_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS1 P10</a>(GB/T 20090.10)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#Second_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS2 P3</a>(GB/T 33475.3) <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Audio_Vivid&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Audio Vivid (page does not exist)">Audio Vivid</a>(GY/T 363)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_Resolution_Adaptation" title="Dynamic Resolution Adaptation">DRA</a>(GB/T 22726)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L2HC" title="L2HC">L2HC</a></li> <li>ExAC(SJ/T 11299.4)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algebraic_code-excited_linear_prediction" title="Algebraic code-excited linear prediction">ACELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Lossless_Audio_Codec" title="Apple Lossless Audio Codec">ALAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asao_(codec)" title="Asao (codec)">Asao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_Transform_Acoustic_Coding" class="mw-redirect" title="Adaptive Transform Acoustic Coding">ATRAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CELT" title="CELT">CELT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codec_2" title="Codec 2">Codec 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Speech_Audio_Codec" title="Internet Speech Audio Codec">iSAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyra_(codec)" title="Lyra (codec)">Lyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed-excitation_linear_prediction" title="Mixed-excitation linear prediction">MELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkey%27s_Audio" title="Monkey&#39;s Audio">Monkey's Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MT9" title="MT9">MT9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musepack" title="Musepack">Musepack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OptimFROG" title="OptimFROG">OptimFROG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_Sound_Quality" title="Original Sound Quality">OSQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualcomm_code-excited_linear_prediction" title="Qualcomm code-excited linear prediction">QCELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relaxed_code-excited_linear_prediction" title="Relaxed code-excited linear prediction">RCELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RealAudio" title="RealAudio">RealAudio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTAudio" title="RTAudio">RTAudio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avid_Audio#Sound_Designer_file_formats" title="Avid Audio">SD2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shorten_file_format" class="mw-redirect" title="Shorten file format">SHN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SILK" title="SILK">SILK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siren_(codec)" title="Siren (codec)">Siren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selectable_Mode_Vocoder" title="Selectable Mode Vocoder">SMV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SVOPC" title="SVOPC">SVOPC</a></li> <li>TTA <ul><li>True Audio</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TwinVQ" title="TwinVQ">TwinVQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable-Rate_Multimode_Wideband" title="Variable-Rate Multimode Wideband">VMR-WB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vector_sum_excited_linear_prediction" title="Vector sum excited linear prediction">VSELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WavPack" title="WavPack">WavPack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio" title="Windows Media Audio">WMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Quality_Authenticated" title="Master Quality Authenticated">MQA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AptX" title="AptX">aptX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AptX#aptX_HD" title="AptX">aptX HD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AptX#aptX_Low_Latency" title="AptX">aptX Low Latency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AptX#aptX_Adaptive" title="AptX">aptX Adaptive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LDAC_(codec)" title="LDAC (codec)">LDAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LHDC_(codec)" title="LHDC (codec)">LHDC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LHDC_(codec)#LLAC" title="LHDC (codec)">LLAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Image_compression" title="Image compression">Image<br />compression</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>, <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</a>, <br /><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</a>, <a href="/wiki/ITU-T" title="ITU-T">ITU-T</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joint_Photographic_Experts_Group" title="Joint Photographic Experts Group">JPEG</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Group_4_compression" title="Group 4 compression">CCITT Group 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIF" title="GIF">GIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Image_File_Format#HEIC:_HEVC_in_HEIF" title="High Efficiency Image File Format">HEIC / HEIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding#Main_Still_Picture" title="High Efficiency Video Coding">HEVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBIG" title="JBIG">JBIG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBIG2" title="JBIG2">JBIG2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG" title="JPEG">JPEG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_2000" title="JPEG 2000">JPEG 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG-LS" class="mw-redirect" title="JPEG-LS">JPEG-LS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XL" title="JPEG XL">JPEG XL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XR" title="JPEG XR">JPEG XR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XS" title="JPEG XS">JPEG XS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XT" title="JPEG XT">JPEG XT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portable_Network_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Network Graphics">PNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIFF" title="TIFF">TIFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIFF/EP" title="TIFF/EP">TIFF/EP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIFF/IT" class="mw-redirect" title="TIFF/IT">TIFF/IT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/APNG" title="APNG">APNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AV1" title="AV1">AV1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AVIF" title="AVIF">AVIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Better_Portable_Graphics" title="Better Portable Graphics">BPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DjVu" title="DjVu">DjVu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenEXR" title="OpenEXR">EXR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Lossless_Image_Format" title="Free Lossless Image Format">FLIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICER_(file_format)" title="ICER (file format)">ICER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple-image_Network_Graphics" title="Multiple-image Network Graphics">MNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Graphics_File" title="Progressive Graphics File">PGF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QOI_(image_format)" title="QOI (image format)">QOI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime_VR" title="QuickTime VR">QTVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_Application_Protocol_Bitmap_Format" title="Wireless Application Protocol Bitmap Format">WBMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebP" title="WebP">WebP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digital_container_format" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital container format">Containers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_elementary_stream" title="MPEG elementary stream">MPEG-ES</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Packetized_elementary_stream" title="Packetized elementary stream">MPEG-PES</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_program_stream" title="MPEG program stream">MPEG-PS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_transport_stream" title="MPEG transport stream">MPEG-TS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_base_media_file_format" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC base media file format">ISO/IEC base media file format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_14" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG-4 Part 14">MPEG-4 Part 14</a> (MP4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_JPEG_2000" title="Motion JPEG 2000">Motion JPEG 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-21" title="MPEG-21">MPEG-21 Part 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_media_transport" title="MPEG media transport">MPEG media transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/ITU-T" title="ITU-T">ITU-T</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2#Systems" title="MPEG-2">H.222.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_JPEG_2000" title="Motion JPEG 2000">T.802</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Real-time_Transport_Protocol" title="Real-time Transport Protocol">RTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogg" title="Ogg">Ogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matroska" title="Matroska">Matroska</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Motion_Picture_and_Television_Engineers" title="Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers">SMPTE</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Exchange_Format" title="General Exchange Format">GXF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Material_Exchange_Format" title="Material Exchange Format">MXF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3GP_and_3G2" title="3GP and 3G2">3GP and 3G2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMV_video_format" title="AMV video format">AMV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Systems_Format" title="Advanced Systems Format">ASF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Interchange_File_Format" title="Audio Interchange File Format">AIFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Interleave" title="Audio Video Interleave">AVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Au_file_format" title="Au file format">AU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Better_Portable_Graphics" title="Better Portable Graphics">BPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bink_Video" title="Bink Video">Bink</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smacker_video" title="Smacker video">Smacker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMP_file_format" title="BMP file format">BMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DivX#DivX_Media_Format_(DMF)" title="DivX">DivX Media Format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_VOB" title="Enhanced VOB">EVO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_Video" title="Flash Video">Flash Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Image_File_Format" title="High Efficiency Image File Format">HEIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interchange_File_Format" title="Interchange File Format">IFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.m2ts" title=".m2ts">M2TS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matroska" title="Matroska">Matroska</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WebM" title="WebM">WebM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime_File_Format" title="QuickTime File Format">QuickTime File Format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RatDVD" title="RatDVD">RatDVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RealMedia" title="RealMedia">RealMedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_Interchange_File_Format" title="Resource Interchange File Format">RIFF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WAV" title="WAV">WAV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MOD_and_TOD" title="MOD and TOD">MOD and TOD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VOB" title="VOB">VOB, IFO and BUP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Collaborations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NETVC" title="NETVC">NETVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_LA" title="MPEG LA">MPEG LA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Open_Media" title="Alliance for Open Media">Alliance for Open Media</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Data_compression" title="Data compression">Methods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Entropy_encoding" class="mw-redirect" title="Entropy encoding">Entropy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arithmetic_coding" title="Arithmetic coding">Arithmetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huffman_coding" title="Huffman coding">Huffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modified_Huffman_coding" title="Modified Huffman coding">Modified</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_predictive_coding" title="Linear predictive coding">LPC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algebraic_code-excited_linear_prediction" title="Algebraic code-excited linear prediction">ACELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code-excited_linear_prediction" title="Code-excited linear prediction">CELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_spectral_pairs" title="Line spectral pairs">LSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warped_linear_predictive_coding" title="Warped linear predictive coding">WLPC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lossless_compression" title="Lossless compression">Lossless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lossy_compression" title="Lossy compression">Lossy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LZ77_and_LZ78" title="LZ77 and LZ78">LZ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DEFLATE" class="mw-redirect" title="DEFLATE">DEFLATE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lempel%E2%80%93Ziv%E2%80%93Welch" title="Lempel–Ziv–Welch">LZW</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulse-code_modulation" title="Pulse-code modulation">PCM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-law_algorithm" title="A-law algorithm">A-law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C-law_algorithm" title="Μ-law algorithm">µ-law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_differential_pulse-code_modulation" title="Adaptive differential pulse-code modulation">ADPCM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Differential_pulse-code_modulation" title="Differential pulse-code modulation">DPCM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transform_coding" title="Transform coding">Transforms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrete_cosine_transform" title="Discrete cosine transform">DCT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_Fourier_transform" title="Fast Fourier transform">FFT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modified_discrete_cosine_transform" title="Modified discrete cosine transform">MDCT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wavelet" title="Wavelet">Wavelet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daubechies_wavelet" title="Daubechies wavelet">Daubechies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrete_wavelet_transform" title="Discrete wavelet transform">DWT</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_audio_coding_formats" title="Comparison of audio coding formats">Comparison of audio coding formats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_video_codecs" title="Comparison of video codecs">Comparison of video codecs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_codecs" title="List of codecs">List of codecs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See <a href="/wiki/Template:Compression_methods" title="Template:Compression methods">Compression methods</a> for techniques and <a href="/wiki/Template:Compression_software" title="Template:Compression software">Compression software</a> for codecs</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐lh5s9 Cached time: 20241122144256 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.856 seconds Real time usage: 1.045 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 4279/1000000 Post‐expand 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