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ArchNet - Wikipedia

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typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Homepage-3-8-2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Screenshot of the Archnet homepage" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Homepage-3-8-2018.jpg/220px-Homepage-3-8-2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Homepage-3-8-2018.jpg/330px-Homepage-3-8-2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Homepage-3-8-2018.jpg/440px-Homepage-3-8-2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2314" data-file-height="1346" /></a><figcaption>Archnet homepage, March 8, 2018.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LOGO,_ArchNet_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6e/LOGO%2C_ArchNet_1.JPG/220px-LOGO%2C_ArchNet_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/6e/LOGO%2C_ArchNet_1.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="252" data-file-height="49" /></a><figcaption>Archnet logo (2002–2013)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Archnet</b> is a collaborative <a href="/wiki/Digital_humanities" title="Digital humanities">digital humanities</a> project focused on <a href="/wiki/Islamic_architecture" title="Islamic architecture">Islamic architecture</a> and the built environment of Muslim societies. Conceptualized in 1998 and originally developed at the <a href="/wiki/MIT_School_of_Architecture_and_Planning" title="MIT School of Architecture and Planning">MIT School of Architecture and Planning</a> in co-operation with the <a href="/wiki/Aga_Khan_Trust_for_Culture" title="Aga Khan Trust for Culture">Aga Khan Trust for Culture</a>. It has been maintained by the Aga Khan Documentation Center at MIT and the Aga Khan Trust for Culture since 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Archnet is an <a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="Open access">open access</a> resource providing all users with resources on architecture, urban design and development in the Muslim world.<sup id="cite_ref-archnet2003_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archnet2003-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_Conceptualization">History and Conceptualization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ArchNet&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History and Conceptualization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Aga_Khan_Trust_for_Culture" title="Aga Khan Trust for Culture">Aga Khan Trust for Culture</a> (AKTC) is an agency of the <a href="/wiki/Aga_Khan_Development_Network" title="Aga Khan Development Network">Aga Khan Development Network</a> (AKDN). Through various programmes, partnerships, and initiatives, the AKTC seeks to improve the built environment in Asia and <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> where there is a significant Muslim presence.<sup id="cite_ref-on_akaa-I.Serageldin_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-on_akaa-I.Serageldin-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Archnet complements the work of the Trust by making its resources digitally accessible to individuals worldwide. </p><p>Archnet was conceptualized in 1998 during a series of discussions between <a href="/wiki/Aga_Khan_IV" title="Aga Khan IV">Aga Khan IV</a>; the President of the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> (MIT) <a href="/wiki/Charles_Vest" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Vest">Charles Vest</a>; and the Dean of MIT’s School of Architecture and Planning, <a href="/wiki/William_J._Mitchell" title="William J. Mitchell">William J. Mitchell</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-archnet2003_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archnet2003-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The foundations of Archnet were predicated on remarks made by Aga Khan in <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> in 1983, about his desire to make available the extensive dossiers resulting from the nominations for the <a href="/wiki/Aga_Khan_Award_for_Architecture" title="Aga Khan Award for Architecture">Aga Khan Award for Architecture</a> (AKAA) for the purpose of “[assisting] those institutions where the professionals of the future are trained.”<sup id="cite_ref-akivspch-04/09/83_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-akivspch-04/09/83-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The purpose of the website is to create a viable platform upon which knowledge pertaining to the field of architecture can be shared. Archnet aims to expand the general intellectual frame of reference to transcend the barriers of geography, socio-economic status and religion, and to foster a spirit of collaboration and open dialogue.<sup id="cite_ref-archnet2003_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archnet2003-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Archnet therefore manifests many of the Aga Khan’s values and principles regarding not only rural and urban development but also pluralism and the role of culture,<sup id="cite_ref-aktc2007_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aktc2007-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> while exemplifying MIT’s <a href="/wiki/MIT_OpenCourseWare" title="MIT OpenCourseWare">OpenCourseWare</a> initiative, giving everyone access to its course material free of charge.<sup id="cite_ref-about_OCW_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about_OCW-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The website came to fruition in 2000 and was officially launched on September 27, 2002<sup id="cite_ref-HarvardGazette02/10/03_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HarvardGazette02/10/03-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> by <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Summers" title="Lawrence Summers">Lawrence Summers</a>, then President of <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>; Charles Vest, then President of MIT; and the Aga Khan.<sup id="cite_ref-MITnewsoffice_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MITnewsoffice-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It continues to grow with new institutional partners in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> and abroad as well as individual users. Today it has over seventy-five thousand users &#8212; fifty percent of whom are students or teachers &#8212; representing over one hundred fifty countries and averaging over five thousand unique visitors a day.<sup id="cite_ref-Sciencesofcollaboration_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sciencesofcollaboration-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011 Archnet became a collaboration between the Aga Khan Trust for Culture (AKTC) and the newly created Aga Khan Documentation Center at MIT (AKDC @ MIT).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> After assessing ten years of data on the use of the site and its impact of the material it contains on teaching, learning, and the practice of architecture in Muslim societies, the redevelopment of Archnet begin and 2013. Registration, logins and all barriers to access were removed when the new version of the site, Archnet 2.0, launched in January 2014. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Partners_and_resources">Partners and resources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ArchNet&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Partners and resources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Archnet makes accessible an extensive collection of resources from numerous participating institutions for students, educators, and professionals, and is a particularly useful tool for individuals who have limited access to architectural publications.<sup id="cite_ref-archnet2003_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archnet2003-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aktc2007_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aktc2007-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The online library first consisted of two hundred thousand images held by the Aga Khan Trust for Culture, and four hundred thousand held by MIT and Harvard University, but has grown considerably because of over 1,000 individuals and institutions who have contributed resources. The library is made up of photographs, line drawings, CAD drawings, published papers, video, and text resources including the <i>Dictionary of Islamic Architecture</i>. </p><p>A considerable portion of the resources come from the archives of the Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture at Harvard and MIT. Other important institutions that share their extensive archives include the Department of Architecture and Design at the <a href="/wiki/American_University_of_Beirut" title="American University of Beirut">American University of Beirut</a>, the Department of Architecture at the <a href="/wiki/American_University_of_Sharjah" title="American University of Sharjah">American University of Sharjah</a>, the Center for the Study of the Built Environment, the Faculty of Architecture at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Damascus" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Damascus">University of Damascus</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Erciyes_University" title="Erciyes University">Erciyes University</a> Architectural Association, the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Trust_for_Art_and_Cultural_Heritage" title="Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage">Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage</a>, the Faculty of Architecture of <a href="/wiki/Istanbul_Technical_University" title="Istanbul Technical University">Istanbul Technical University</a>, the Department of Architecture at <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Technical_University" title="Middle East Technical University">Middle East Technical University</a>, the Department of Architecture at <a href="/wiki/Misr_International_University" title="Misr International University">Misr International University</a>, the Rizvi College of Architecture, and the Faculty of the Built Environment at <a href="/wiki/Universiti_Teknologi_MARA" title="Universiti Teknologi MARA">Universiti Teknologi MARA</a> in <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-aktc2007_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aktc2007-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because of the Trust’s programming activities, such as the <a href="/wiki/Aga_Khan_Historic_Cities_Support_Programme" class="mw-redirect" title="Aga Khan Historic Cities Support Programme">Historic Cities Support Programme</a> and the Aga Khan Award for Architecture, significant case studies are conducted, yielding valuable research that is made available through Archnet.<sup id="cite_ref-TheTimesofIndia00/29/02_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheTimesofIndia00/29/02-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The collection also comprises the archives of the French architect-planner <a href="/wiki/Michel_Ecochard" class="mw-redirect" title="Michel Ecochard">Michel Ecochard</a> and the Egyptian architect <a href="/wiki/Hassan_Fathy" title="Hassan Fathy">Hassan Fathy</a>, winner of the first AKAA Chairman’s Award in 1980, archives of the founders of the School of Architecture at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Baghdad" title="University of Baghdad">University of Baghdad</a>, and others.<sup id="cite_ref-ArchNetDigitalLibrary-HassanFathy_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ArchNetDigitalLibrary-HassanFathy-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Site_Content">Site Content</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ArchNet&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Site Content"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the relaunch of Archnet in 2013, the directors decided to make the resource completely open access, with no barriers to use, including logins. Archnet's user community was notified to remove content from all proprietary user spaces, and discussion the discussion forum was archived. Announcements and other current information are now posted on Archnet's social media presences. </p><p>Archnet's digital library includes: </p> <ul><li>Publications/files – books, journals, presentation boards, architectural drawings, presentations, project reports, and the like. Journals available on Archnet include full runs and complete contents of journals that has ceased publication, such as ''<i>Majallat al-Imarah</i> (مجلة العِمارة),<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i>Mimar: Architecture in Development</i>, and <i>Environmental Design: Journal of the Islamic Environmental Design Research Centre</i>; current journals, excluding the last three years; and an electronic journal, the <i>International Journal of Architectural Research</i> <i>(IJAR</i>).</li> <li>Video/audio – Includes recordings, interviews, lectures, scholarly presentations, 3D visualizations, and special collections such as the Music of Morocco.</li> <li>Images – Currently the largest component of the collection, Archnet images include historical and contemporary images such as architectural drawings, digital photographs, digitized negatives, photographs, and slides, and engravings. There are general views of cities and individual buildings, as well as detail views of particular features.</li> <li>Associated names – These include architects, patrons, designers, authors, artists, photographers, clients, and any other persons associated with a record. As of March 1, 2018, there were nearly 7,000 name records in the database.</li> <li>Collections – A selection of related items such as architects' archives, publication series, regional surveys, reference works, and resources of various initiatives of the Aga Khan Development Network, including the <a href="/wiki/Aga_Khan_Museum" title="Aga Khan Museum">Aga Khan Museum</a>, the Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture at Harvard and MIT, the Aga Khan Award for Architecture, and the <a href="/wiki/Aga_Khan_Historic_Cities_Programme" title="Aga Khan Historic Cities Programme">Aga Khan Historic Cities Programme</a>.</li></ul> <p>Institutional sections highlight projects, research, courses and publications of Archnet partners.<sup id="cite_ref-archnet2003_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archnet2003-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The Pedagogy Project<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> provides access to syllabi, course information, and pedagogy with a special emphasis on <a href="/wiki/Islamic_architecture" title="Islamic architecture">Islamic architecture</a>. The items in the collection come from academic institutions around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-archnet2003_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archnet2003-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Timeline<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> provides a visual representation of some of the most often studied period and sites in the history of Islamic architecture. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="IJAR">IJAR</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ArchNet&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: IJAR"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ArchNet <i>International Journal of Architectural Research</i> (<i>IJAR</i>) is an online academic blind-reviewed publication on architecture, planning and built environment studies.<sup id="cite_ref-archnet-IJAR_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archnet-IJAR-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The journal “aims at strengthening ties between scholars from different parts of the world” as well as bridging the gap between the theory and practice of Architecture with a special focus on architecture and planning in the developing world. The concept of the journal was first developed in 1999 when Shiraz Allibhai, then a project officer with the Aga Khan Trust for Culture, was responsible for coordinating the efforts of creating Archnet.<sup id="cite_ref-aboutIJAR_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aboutIJAR-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The journal was developed at the MIT School of Architecture and Planning with the support of the Aga Khan Trust for Culture and debuted in March 2007 and is currently under the editorship of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashraf_Salama&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ashraf Salama (page does not exist)">Ashraf M. Salama</a>. It is published by Archnet three times a year (in March, July and November) on the internet. </p><p>The journal typically features articles written by architects, interior designers, planners, and landscape architects working at both public and private institutions. It addresses academics, practitioners, and students of architecture and interior design and in general those who are “interested in developing their understanding and enhancing their knowledge about how environments are designed, created, and used in physical, social, cultural, economic, and aesthetic terms”.<sup id="cite_ref-aboutIJAR_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aboutIJAR-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ArchNet&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_professional_architecture_organizations" title="List of professional architecture organizations">List of professional architecture organizations</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ArchNet&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180310010531/http://www.akdn.org/news/archnetorg-20-leading-website-architecture-design-and-conservation-issues-muslim-world">"Archnet.org 2.0: Leading website on 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href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archnet.org/timelines/48">Timeline</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-archnet-IJAR-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-archnet-IJAR_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071011122931/http://archnet.org/library/documents/collection.jsp?collection_id=1543">"ArchNet-IJAR"</a>, <i>Digital Library</i>, ArchNet, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archnet.org/library/documents/collection.jsp?collection_id=1543">the original</a> on 2007-10-11<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-11-02</span></span></cite><span 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#aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media 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title="Islamic architecture">Islamic architecture</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbasid_architecture" title="Abbasid architecture">Abbasid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_Seljuk_architecture" title="Anatolian Seljuk architecture">Anatolian Seljuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyubid_dynasty#Architecture" title="Ayyubid dynasty">Ayyubid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Islamic_architecture" title="Chinese Islamic architecture">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatimid_architecture" title="Fatimid architecture">Fatimid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Seljuk_architecture" title="Great Seljuk architecture">Great Seljuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hausa_architecture" title="Hausa architecture">Hausa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Islamic_architecture" title="Indo-Islamic architecture">Indo-Islamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Muslim_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali Muslim architecture">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Deccan_sultanates" title="Architecture of the Deccan sultanates">Deccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutb_Shahi_architecture" title="Qutb Shahi architecture">Qutb Shahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_architecture" title="Mughal architecture">Mughal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosque_architecture_in_Indonesia" title="Mosque architecture in Indonesia">Indonesian</a> / <a href="/wiki/Islamic_architecture#Malaysia" title="Islamic architecture">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_architecture" title="Iranian architecture">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_architecture" title="Mamluk architecture">Mamluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moorish_architecture" title="Moorish architecture">Moorish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aghlabid_architecture" title="Aghlabid architecture">Aghlabid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almoravid_architecture" title="Almoravid architecture">Almoravid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almohad_architecture" title="Almohad architecture">Almohad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafsid_architecture" title="Hafsid architecture">Hafsid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zayyanid_architecture" title="Zayyanid architecture">Zayyanid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_architecture" title="Ottoman architecture">Ottoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_architecture" title="Somali architecture">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudano-Sahelian_architecture" title="Sudano-Sahelian architecture">Sudano-Sahelian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swahili_architecture" title="Swahili architecture">Swahili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_mosque" title="Tatar mosque">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timurid_architecture" title="Timurid architecture">Timurid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_architecture" title="Umayyad architecture">Umayyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Yemen" title="Architecture of Yemen">Yemeni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Materials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qadad" title="Qadad">Qadad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadelakt" title="Tadelakt">Tadelakt</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding:0 1.0em 0 1.0em"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Iranian_Tiles_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Iranian_Tiles_1.JPG/200px-Iranian_Tiles_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Iranian_Tiles_1.JPG/300px-Iranian_Tiles_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Iranian_Tiles_1.JPG/400px-Iranian_Tiles_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2511" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chahartaq_(architecture)" title="Chahartaq (architecture)">Chahartaq</a> (four-arch structure)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discharging_arch" title="Discharging arch">Discharging arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four-centred_arch" title="Four-centred arch">Four-centred arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_arch" title="Horseshoe arch">Horseshoe arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambrequin_arch" title="Lambrequin arch">Lambrequin arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multifoil_arch" title="Multifoil arch">Multifoil arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogee#Ogee_arch" title="Ogee">Ogee arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogive#architecture" title="Ogive">Pointed arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squinch" title="Squinch">Squinch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_architecture#Vaulting" title="Islamic architecture">Vaulting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roofs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dome" title="Dome">Dome</a> (<a href="/wiki/History_of_medieval_Arabic_and_Western_European_domes" title="History of medieval Arabic and Western European domes">Arabic dome</a> / <a href="/wiki/Onion_dome" title="Onion dome">Onion dome</a> / <a href="/wiki/History_of_Persian_domes" title="History of Persian domes">Persian dome</a> / <a href="/wiki/History_of_South_Asian_domes" class="mw-redirect" title="History of South Asian domes">South Asian dome</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-dome" title="Semi-dome">Semi-dome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajug" title="Tajug">Tajug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhajja" title="Chhajja">Chhajja</a> (eaves)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious<br />objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anaza" title="Anaza">Anaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedug" title="Bedug">Bedug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dikka" title="Dikka">Dikka</a> (or müezzin mahfili)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonbad" class="mw-redirect" title="Gonbad">Gonbad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussainiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Hussainiya">Hussainiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamzadeh" title="Imamzadeh">Imamzadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiswah" title="Kiswah">Kiswah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loudspeakers_in_mosques" title="Loudspeakers in mosques">Loudspeakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maqsurah" title="Maqsurah">Maqsurah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihrab" title="Mihrab">Mihrab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minaret" title="Minaret">Minaret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minbar" title="Minbar">Minbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qibla" title="Qibla">Qibla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarih" title="Zarih">Zarih</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Decorations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(<i>For overview, see</i> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_ornament" title="Islamic ornament">Islamic ornament</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ablaq" title="Ablaq">Ablaq</a> (multicoloured ashlar)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfiz" title="Alfiz">Alfiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabesque" title="Arabesque">Arabesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banna%27i" title="Banna&#39;i">Banna'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girih" title="Girih">Girih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girih_tiles" title="Girih tiles">Girih tiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calligraphy" title="Islamic calligraphy">Islamic calligraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_geometric_patterns" title="Islamic geometric patterns">Islamic geometric patterns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jali" title="Jali">Jali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosque_lamp" title="Mosque lamp">Mosque lamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muqarnas" title="Muqarnas">Muqarnas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagash_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagash painting">Nagash painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qashani" title="Qashani">Qashani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebka" title="Sebka">Sebka (Darj-wa-ktaf)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabaka_(window)" title="Shabaka (window)">Shabaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamsa" title="Shamsa">Shamsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitara_(textile)" title="Sitara (textile)">Sitara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socarrat" title="Socarrat">Socarrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stucco_decoration_in_Islamic_architecture" title="Stucco decoration in Islamic architecture">Stucco decoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zellij" title="Zellij">Zellij</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rooms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andaruni" title="Andaruni">Andaruni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harem" title="Harem">Harem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwan" title="Iwan">Iwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liwan" title="Liwan">Liwan</a> (entrance hall)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirador_(architecture)" title="Mirador (architecture)">Mirador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosh_(architecture)" title="Hosh (architecture)">Hosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qa%27a_(room)" title="Qa&#39;a (room)">Qa’a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenana" title="Zenana">Zenana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gardens</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagh_(garden)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagh (garden)">Bagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charbagh" title="Charbagh">Charbagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_garden" title="Islamic garden">Islamic garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_garden" title="Mughal garden">Mughal garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paradise_garden" title="Paradise garden">Paradise garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_gardens" title="Persian gardens">Persian gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reflecting_pool" title="Reflecting pool">Reflecting pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riad_(architecture)" title="Riad (architecture)">Riad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Outdoor<br />objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chhatri" title="Chhatri">Chhatri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eidgah" title="Eidgah">Eidgah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fina_(architecture)" title="Fina (architecture)">Fina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechouar" title="Mechouar">Mechouar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebil_(fountain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sebil (fountain)">Sebil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadirvan" title="Shadirvan">Shadirvan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Passive<br />cooling</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypostyle" title="Hypostyle">Hypostyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howz" title="Howz">Howz</a> (fountain type)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharokha" title="Jharokha">Jharokha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kucheh" title="Kucheh">Kucheh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashrabiya" title="Mashrabiya">Mashrabiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riwaq_(arcade)" title="Riwaq (arcade)">Riwaq (arcade)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahn" title="Sahn">Sahn</a> (courtyard)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsabil_(fountain)" title="Salsabil (fountain)">Salsabil (fountain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabestan" title="Shabestan">Shabestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medina_Haram_Piazza_Shading_Umbrellas" class="mw-redirect" title="Medina Haram Piazza Shading Umbrellas">Shading Umbrellas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windcatcher" title="Windcatcher">Windcatcher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congregational_mosque" title="Congregational mosque">Congregational mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dar_al-Muwaqqit" title="Dar al-Muwaqqit">Dar al-Muwaqqit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dargah" class="mw-redirect" title="Dargah">Dargah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongbei_(Islamic_architecture)" title="Gongbei (Islamic architecture)">Gongbei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jama%27at_Khana" title="Jama&#39;at Khana">Jama'at Khana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanqah" class="mw-redirect" title="Khanqah">Khanqah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BClliye" title="Külliye">Külliye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuttab" title="Kuttab">Kuttab (or maktab)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrasa" title="Madrasa">Madrasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maqam_(shrine)" title="Maqam (shrine)">Maqam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maqbara" title="Maqbara">Maqbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazar_(mausoleum)" title="Mazar (mausoleum)">Mazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musalla" title="Musalla">Musalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qubba" title="Qubba">Qubba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rauza" title="Rauza">Rauza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surau" title="Surau">Surau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takya" class="mw-redirect" title="Takya">Takya</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Takyeh" title="Takyeh">takyeh</a> in modern Iran)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrbe" title="Türbe">Türbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zawiya_(institution)" title="Zawiya (institution)">Zawiya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civilian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baradari_(building)" title="Baradari (building)">Baradari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazaar" title="Bazaar">Bazaar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caravanserai" title="Caravanserai">Caravanserai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bimaristan" title="Bimaristan">Dar al-Shifa (Bimaristan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghorfa" title="Ghorfa">Ghorfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammam" title="Hammam">Hammam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasht-Bihisht_(Architecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasht-Bihisht (Architecture)">Hasht-Bihisht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasbah" title="Kasbah">Kasbah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahal_(palace)" title="Mahal (palace)">Mahal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medina_quarter" title="Medina quarter">Medina quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souq" class="mw-redirect" title="Souq">Souq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Well house">Well house</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albarrana_tower" title="Albarrana tower">Albarrana tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alc%C3%A1zar" title="Alcázar">Alcázar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amsar" title="Amsar">Amsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasbah" title="Kasbah">Kasbah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ksar" title="Ksar">Ksar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalat_(fortress)" title="Qalat (fortress)">Qalat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribat" title="Ribat">Ribat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Resources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aga_Khan_Award_for_Architecture" title="Aga Khan Award for Architecture">Aga Khan Award for Architecture</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ArchNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_with_No_Frontiers" title="Museum with No Frontiers">Museum with No Frontiers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Influences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Saracenic_Revival_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Saracenic Revival architecture">Indo-Saracenic Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_influences_on_Western_art#Architecture" title="Islamic influences on Western art">Influences on Western architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moorish_Revival_architecture" title="Moorish Revival architecture">Moorish Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mud%C3%A9jar" title="Mudéjar">Mudéjar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Category pages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Arabic_architecture" title="Category:Arabic architecture">Arabic architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Berber_architecture" title="Category:Berber architecture">Berber architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Architecture_in_Iran" title="Category:Architecture in Iran">Iranian architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Islamic_architecture" title="Category:Islamic architecture">Islamic architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Moorish_architecture" title="Category:Moorish architecture">Moorish architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mughal_architecture" title="Category:Mughal architecture">Mughal architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Architecture_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Category:Architecture in the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sudano-Sahelian_architecture" title="Category:Sudano-Sahelian architecture">Sudano-Sahelian architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Architecture_in_Yemen" title="Category:Architecture in Yemen">Yemeni architecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Part of <a href="/wiki/Template:Islamic_art" title="Template:Islamic art">Islamic arts</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32; <b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_parthenon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/16px-P_parthenon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/24px-P_parthenon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/32px-P_parthenon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Architecture" title="Portal:Architecture">Architecture&#32;portal</a></b>&#160;&#8226;&#32; <b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/15px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/23px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/31px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam&#32;portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Webby_Awards" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Webby_Awards" title="Template:Webby Awards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Webby_Awards" title="Template talk:Webby Awards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Webby_Awards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Webby Awards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Webby_Awards" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Webby_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Webby Award">Webby Awards</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>Nominee</b>, 1997 award in the category <b>Science</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awards ceremonies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1997_Webby_Awards" title="1997 Webby Awards">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Webby_Awards" title="1998 Webby Awards">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Webby_Awards" title="1999 Webby Awards">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Webby_Awards" title="2000 Webby Awards">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Webby_Awards" title="2001 Webby Awards">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Webby_Awards" title="2002 Webby Awards">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Webby_Awards" title="2003 Webby Awards">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Webby_Awards" title="2004 Webby Awards">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Webby_Awards" title="2005 Webby Awards">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Webby_Awards" title="2006 Webby Awards">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Webby_Awards" title="2007 Webby Awards">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Webby_Awards" title="2008 Webby Awards">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Webby_Awards" title="2009 Webby Awards">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Webby_Awards" title="2010 Webby Awards">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Webby_Awards" title="2011 Webby Awards">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Webby_Awards" title="2012 Webby Awards">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Webby_Awards" title="2013 Webby Awards">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Webby_Awards" title="2014 Webby Awards">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Webby_Awards" title="2015 Webby Awards">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Webby_Awards" title="2016 Webby Awards">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Webby_Awards" title="2017 Webby Awards">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Webby_Awards" title="2018 Webby Awards">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Webby_Awards" title="2019 Webby Awards">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Webby_Awards" title="2020 Webby Awards">2020</a></li> <li>2021</li> <li>2022</li> <li>2023</li> <li>2024</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_Webby_Award_winners" title="List of Webby Award winners">List of winners</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Architecture_by_region" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Architecture_of_the_world" title="Template:Architecture of the world"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Architecture_of_the_world" title="Template talk:Architecture of the world"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Architecture_of_the_world" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Architecture of the world"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Architecture_by_region" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Architecture by region</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Architecture_of_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Africa" title="Architecture of Africa">Architecture of Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Algeria" title="Architecture of Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Angola" title="Architecture of Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Benin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Benin (page does not exist)">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Botswana&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Botswana (page does not exist)">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Burkina_Faso&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Burkina Faso (page does not exist)">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Burundi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Burundi (page does not exist)">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Cameroon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Cameroon (page does not exist)">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Cape_Verde" title="Architecture of Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_the_Central_African_Republic&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of the Central African Republic (page does not exist)">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Chad&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Chad (page does not exist)">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Comoros&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Comoros (page does not exist)">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (page does not exist)">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of the Republic of the Congo (page does not exist)">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Djibouti&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Djibouti (page does not exist)">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_architecture" title="Ancient Egyptian architecture">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Equatorial_Guinea&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Equatorial Guinea (page does not exist)">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Eritrea&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Eritrea (page does not exist)">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Eswatini&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Eswatini (page does not exist)">Eswatini (Swaziland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Ethiopia" title="Architecture of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Gabon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Gabon (page does not exist)">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_the_Gambia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of the Gambia (page does not exist)">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Ghana&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Ghana (page does not exist)">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Guinea&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Guinea (page does not exist)">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Guinea-Bissau&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Guinea-Bissau (page does not exist)">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Ivory_Coast&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Ivory Coast (page does not exist)">Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Kenya&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Kenya (page does not exist)">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Lesotho&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Lesotho (page does not exist)">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Liberia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Liberia (page does not exist)">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Libya" title="Architecture of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Madagascar" title="Architecture of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Malawi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Malawi (page does not exist)">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Mali" title="Architecture of Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Mauritania&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Mauritania (page does not exist)">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Mauritius" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_architecture" title="Moroccan architecture">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Mozambique&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Mozambique (page does not exist)">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Namibia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Namibia (page does not exist)">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Niger&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Niger (page does not exist)">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Nigeria" title="Architecture of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Rwanda&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Rwanda (page does not exist)">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of São Tomé and Príncipe (page does not exist)">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Senegal&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Senegal (page does not exist)">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Seychelles&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Seychelles (page does not exist)">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Sierra_Leone&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Sierra Leone (page does not exist)">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_architecture" title="Somali architecture">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Sudan" title="Architecture of Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Tanzania&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Tanzania (page does not exist)">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Togo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Togo (page does not exist)">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Tunisia" title="Architecture of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Uganda&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Uganda (page does not exist)">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Zambia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Zambia (page does not exist)">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Zimbabwe" title="Architecture of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and other territories</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of British Indian Ocean Territory (page does not exist)">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Mayotte&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Mayotte (page does not exist)">Mayotte</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_R%C3%A9union&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Réunion (page does not exist)">Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Saint_Helena&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Saint Helena (page does not exist)">St. Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Western_Sahara&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Western Sahara (page does not exist)">Western Sahara (SADR)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Architecture_of_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Architecture of Asia</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Afghanistan" title="Architecture of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_architecture" title="Armenian architecture">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Azerbaijan" title="Architecture of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Bangladesh" title="Architecture of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzong_architecture" title="Dzong architecture">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Brunei&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Brunei (page does not exist)">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of Burma">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_architecture" title="Khmer architecture">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_architecture" title="Chinese architecture">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Hong_Kong" title="Architecture of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Macau" title="Architecture of Macau">Macau</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_East_Timor&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of East Timor (page does not exist)">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_India" title="Architecture of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Indonesia" title="Architecture of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_architecture" title="Iranian architecture">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Iraq" title="Architecture of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Israel" title="Architecture of Israel">Israel</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;">See also <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_the_Palestinian_territories&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of the Palestinian territories (page does not exist)">Palestinian territories</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_architecture" title="Japanese architecture">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Jordan" title="Architecture of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_architecture" title="Korean architecture">Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_North_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_South_Korea" title="Architecture of South Korea">South Korea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Kuwait" title="Architecture of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Kyrgyzstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Laos" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Lebanon" title="Architecture of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Malaysia" title="Architecture of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_the_Maldives&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of the Maldives (page does not exist)">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Mongolia" title="Architecture of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Nepal" title="Architecture of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Oman&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Oman (page does not exist)">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_architecture" title="Pakistani architecture">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines" title="Architecture of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Qatar" title="Architecture of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian architecture">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Architecture of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Singapore" title="Architecture of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Architecture of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Taiwan" title="Architecture of Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Tajikistan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Tajikistan (page does not exist)">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Thailand" title="Architecture of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Turkey" title="Architecture of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Turkmenistan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Turkmenistan (page does not exist)">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Architecture of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Uzbekistan" title="Architecture of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Yemen" title="Architecture of Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Architecture_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Architecture of Europe</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Albania" title="Architecture of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Andorra" title="Architecture of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Azerbaijan" title="Architecture of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Belarus" title="Architecture of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Architecture of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Croatia" title="Architecture of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Denmark" title="Architecture of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Estonia" title="Architecture of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Finland" title="Architecture of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_architecture" title="French architecture">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Germany" title="Architecture of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_architecture" title="Ancient Greek architecture">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Hungary" title="Architecture of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Iceland" title="Architecture of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Ireland" title="Architecture of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Kosovo" title="Architecture of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Liechtenstein&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Liechtenstein (page does not exist)">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Luxembourg" title="Architecture of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Malta" title="Architecture of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Monaco" title="Architecture of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Montenegro" title="Architecture of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Netherlands" title="Architecture of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_North_Macedonia" title="Architecture of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Norway" title="Architecture of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Poland" title="Architecture of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_architecture" title="Romanian architecture">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian architecture">Russia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_San_Marino&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of San Marino (page does not exist)">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Serbia" title="Architecture of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Slovakia" title="Architecture of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Slovenia" title="Architecture of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_architecture" title="Spanish architecture">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Sweden" title="Architecture of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Switzerland" title="Architecture of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Turkey" title="Architecture of Turkey">Turkey</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_architecture" title="Ukrainian architecture">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Architecture of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_division" title="Autonomous administrative division">autonomies</a> and other territories</b> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Abkhazia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Adjara&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Adjara (page does not exist)">Adjara</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_%C3%85land&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Åland (page does not exist)">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Akrotiri and Dhekelia (page does not exist)">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Crimea&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Crimea (page does not exist)">Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_the_Faroe_Islands&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of the Faroe Islands (page does not exist)">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Guernsey&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Guernsey (page does not exist)">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_the_Isle_of_Man&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of the Isle of Man (page does not exist)">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Jersey&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Jersey (page does not exist)">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_architecture" title="Armenian architecture">Nagorno-Karabakh</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Nakhichevan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Nakhichevan (page does not exist)">Nakhichevan</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> <sup><small>1</small></sup> <span style="font-size:85%;">Has <a href="/wiki/List_of_transcontinental_countries" title="List of transcontinental countries">significant territory</a> in Asia.</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Architecture_of_North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Architecture of North America</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Antigua and Barbuda (page does not exist)">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_the_Bahamas&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of the Bahamas (page does not exist)">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Barbados" title="Architecture of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Belize&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Belize (page does not exist)">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Canada" title="Architecture of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Costa_Rica" title="Architecture of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Cuba" title="Architecture of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Dominica&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Dominica (page does not exist)">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Dominican_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_El_Salvador" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Grenada&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Grenada (page does not exist)">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Guatemala" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Honduras&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Honduras (page does not exist)">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Jamaica&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Jamaica (page does not exist)">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Mexico" title="Architecture of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Nicaragua&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Nicaragua (page does not exist)">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Panama&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Panama (page does not exist)">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Architecture of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Saint Kitts and Nevis (page does not exist)">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Saint_Lucia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Saint Lucia (page does not exist)">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (page does not exist)">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Trinidad and Tobago (page does not exist)">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of the United States">United States</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and other territories</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Anguilla" title="Architecture of Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Aruba&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Aruba (page does not exist)">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Bermuda" title="Architecture of Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of the British Virgin Islands (page does not exist)">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_the_Cayman_Islands&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of the Cayman Islands (page does not exist)">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Greenland&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Greenland (page does not exist)">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Guadeloupe&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Guadeloupe (page does not exist)">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Martinique&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Martinique (page does not exist)">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Montserrat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Montserrat (page does not exist)">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Navassa_Island&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Navassa Island (page does not exist)">Navassa Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_the_Netherlands_Antilles&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of the Netherlands Antilles (page does not exist)">Netherlands Antilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Puerto_Rican_architects" title="List of Puerto Rican architects">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (page does not exist)">Saint-Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of the Turks and Caicos Islands (page does not exist)">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of the United States Virgin Islands (page does not exist)">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Architecture_of_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Architecture of Oceania</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:transparent;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OceaniaAustralia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/OceaniaAustralia.png/40px-OceaniaAustralia.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/OceaniaAustralia.png/60px-OceaniaAustralia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/OceaniaAustralia.png/80px-OceaniaAustralia.png 2x" data-file-width="386" data-file-height="298" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Australia" title="Architecture of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Norfolk_Island&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Norfolk Island (page does not exist)">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Christmas_Island&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:transparent;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Melanesia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Melanesia.png/40px-Melanesia.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Melanesia.png/60px-Melanesia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Melanesia.png/80px-Melanesia.png 2x" data-file-width="386" data-file-height="298" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Melanesia" title="Melanesia">Melanesia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_East_Timor&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of East Timor (page does not exist)">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Fiji" title="Architecture of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_New_Caledonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Papua_New_Guinea&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Papua New Guinea (page does not exist)">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_the_Solomon_Islands&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of the Solomon Islands (page does not exist)">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Vanuatu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Vanuatu (page does not exist)">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:transparent;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Micronesia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Micronesia.png/40px-Micronesia.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Micronesia.png/60px-Micronesia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Micronesia.png/80px-Micronesia.png 2x" data-file-width="386" data-file-height="298" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Micronesia" title="Micronesia">Micronesia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Guam&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Guam (page does not exist)">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Kiribati&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Kiribati (page does not exist)">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_the_Marshall_Islands&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of the Marshall Islands (page does not exist)">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of the Northern Mariana Islands (page does not exist)">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of the Federated States of Micronesia (page does not exist)">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Nauru&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Nauru (page does not exist)">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Palau&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Palau (page does not exist)">Palau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:transparent;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Polynesia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Polynesia.png/40px-Polynesia.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Polynesia.png/60px-Polynesia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Polynesia.png/80px-Polynesia.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_American_Samoa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of American Samoa (page does not exist)">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_the_Cook_Islands&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of the Cook Islands (page does not exist)">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_French_Polynesia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of French Polynesia (page does not exist)">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_New_Zealand" title="Architecture of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Niue&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Niue (page does not exist)">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of the Pitcairn Islands (page does not exist)">Pitcairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Samoa" title="Architecture of Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Tokelau&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Tokelau (page does not exist)">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Tonga&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Tonga (page does not exist)">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Tuvalu" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Wallis_and_Futuna&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Wallis and Futuna (page does not exist)">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Architecture_of_South_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Architecture of South America</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Argentina" title="Architecture of Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Bolivia" title="Architecture of Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Brazil" title="Architecture of Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Chile" title="Architecture of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Colombia" title="Architecture of Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Ecuador&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Ecuador (page does not exist)">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Guyana&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Guyana (page does not exist)">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_architecture" title="Paraguayan architecture">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Peru" title="Architecture of Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Suriname&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Suriname (page does not exist)">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Uruguay&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Uruguay (page does not exist)">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Venezuela" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> <p><b>Territories</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Aruba&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Aruba (page does not exist)">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Falkland_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of the Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_French_Guiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (page does not exist)">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_architecture" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_architecture" title="Template:History of architecture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_architecture" title="Template talk:History of architecture"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_architecture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of architecture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_architecture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_architecture" title="History of architecture">History of architecture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_architectural_styles" title="Timeline of architectural styles">Architectural timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_construction" title="History of construction">History of construction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="BCE">BCE</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_architecture" title="Neolithic architecture">Neolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Mesopotamia" title="Architecture of Mesopotamia">Mesopotamian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_architecture" title="Ancient Egyptian architecture">Ancient Egyptian</a></li> <li>Aegean <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_civilization#Architecture" title="Minoan civilization">Minoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece#Architecture" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenaean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_architecture" title="Etruscan architecture">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_architecture" title="Classical architecture">Classical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_architecture" title="Ancient Greek architecture">Ancient Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Roman_architecture" title="Ancient Roman architecture">Ancient Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herodian_architecture" title="Herodian architecture">Herodian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_architecture#Pre-Islamic_architecture_of_Persia" title="Iranian architecture">Pre-Islamic Persian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_architecture" title="Achaemenid architecture">Achaemenid</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1st_millennium" title="1st millennium">1st millennium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sasanian_architecture" title="Sasanian architecture">Sasanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_architecture" title="Byzantine architecture">Byzantine</a></li> <li>East Slavic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Kievan_Rus%27" title="Architecture of Kievan Rus&#39;">Kievan Rus'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_church_architecture" title="Russian church architecture">Muscovite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_architecture" title="Islamic architecture">Islamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_architecture" title="Umayyad architecture">Umayyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moorish_architecture" title="Moorish architecture">Moorish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbasid_architecture" title="Abbasid architecture">Abbasid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatimid_architecture" title="Fatimid architecture">Fatimid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_architecture#Islamic_architecture_of_Persia" title="Iranian architecture">Islamic Persian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Scandinavian_architecture" title="Medieval Scandinavian architecture">Medieval Scandinavian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Romanesque_art_and_architecture" title="Pre-Romanesque art and architecture">Pre-Romanesque</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_architecture" title="Carolingian architecture">Carolingian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1000–1500</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanesque_architecture" title="Romanesque architecture">Romanesque</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galician_school_(architecture)" title="Galician school (architecture)">Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottonian_architecture" title="Ottonian architecture">Ottonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_architecture" title="Norman architecture">Norman</a></li></ul></li> <li>Indian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hoysala_architecture" title="Hoysala architecture">Hoysala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_architecture" title="Vijayanagara architecture">Vijayanagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Chalukya_architecture" title="Western Chalukya architecture">Western Chalukya</a></li></ul></li> <li>Islamic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Seljuk_architecture" title="Great Seljuk architecture">Great Seljuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_Seljuk_architecture" title="Anatolian Seljuk architecture">Anatolian Seljuk architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_architecture" title="Mamluk architecture">Mamluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timurid_architecture" title="Timurid architecture">Timurid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_architecture" title="Ottoman architecture">Ottoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Islamic_architecture" title="Indo-Islamic architecture">Indo-Islamic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano-Gothic" title="Romano-Gothic">Romano-Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sondergotik" title="Sondergotik">Sondergotik</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_architecture" title="Inca architecture">Incan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_architecture" title="Aztec architecture">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_architecture" title="Renaissance architecture">Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plateresque" title="Plateresque">Plateresque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1500–1750</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manueline" title="Manueline">Manueline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palladian_architecture" title="Palladian architecture">Palladian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Colonial_architecture" title="Spanish Colonial architecture">Spanish Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_colonial_architecture" title="Portuguese colonial architecture">Portuguese Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_architecture" title="Mughal architecture">Mughal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_architecture" title="Sikh architecture">Sikh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1750–1900</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_architecture" title="Baroque architecture">Baroque</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andean_Baroque" title="Andean Baroque">Andean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Baroque_architecture" title="Czech Baroque architecture">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Baroque_architecture" title="Dutch Baroque architecture">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Baroque" class="mw-redirect" title="English Baroque">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Baroque_architecture" title="French Baroque architecture">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Baroque_architecture" title="Italian Baroque architecture">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_Baroque_architecture" title="Maltese Baroque architecture">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrine_Baroque" title="Petrine Baroque">Petrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabethan_Baroque" title="Elizabethan Baroque">Elizabethan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naryshkin_Baroque" title="Naryshkin Baroque">Naryshkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_architecture_in_Portugal" title="Baroque architecture in Portugal">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Baroque" title="Siberian Baroque">Siberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Baroque" title="Ukrainian Baroque">Ukrainian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_architecture" title="Industrial architecture">Industrial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_industrial_architecture" title="British industrial architecture">British</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revivalism_(architecture)" title="Revivalism (architecture)">Revivalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Revival_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Revival architecture">Byzantine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Byzantine_architecture_in_the_Russian_Empire" title="Neo-Byzantine architecture in the Russian Empire">Russo-Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbo-Byzantine_Revival_architecture" title="Serbo-Byzantine Revival architecture">Serbo-Byzantine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Revival_architecture" title="Colonial Revival architecture">Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Revival_architecture" title="Egyptian Revival architecture">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture" title="Gothic Revival architecture">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayan_Revival_architecture" title="Mayan Revival architecture">Mayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Revival_architecture" title="Mediterranean Revival architecture">Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Revival_architecture" title="Mission Revival architecture">Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monumentalism" title="Monumentalism">Monumentalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_Revival_architecture" title="Baroque Revival architecture">Baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rococo_architecture" title="Rococo architecture">Rococo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neoclassical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moorish_Revival_architecture" title="Moorish Revival architecture">Moorish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Manueline" title="Neo-Manueline">Neo-Manueline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Revival_architecture" title="Pueblo Revival architecture">Pueblo</a></li> <li>Queen Anne <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Queen_Anne_Revival" class="mw-redirect" title="British Queen Anne Revival">Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_Queen_Anne_Revival_architecture" title="New World Queen Anne Revival architecture">America and Australia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_Revival_architecture" title="Renaissance Revival architecture">Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Revival_architecture" title="Romanian Revival architecture">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Revival_architecture" title="Russian Revival architecture">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Colonial_Revival_architecture" title="Spanish Colonial Revival architecture">Spanish Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Revival_architecture" title="Territorial Revival architecture">Territorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tudor_Revival_architecture" title="Tudor Revival architecture">Tudor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jugendstil" title="Jugendstil">Jugendstil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_style" title="Liberty style">Liberty style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Style_(British_Art_Nouveau_style)" title="Modern Style (British Art Nouveau style)">Modern Style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernisme" title="Modernisme">Modernisme</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1900–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rationalism_(architecture)" title="Rationalism (architecture)">Rationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Revival_architecture" title="Mycenaean Revival architecture">Mycenaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_architecture" title="Modern architecture">Modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prairie_School" title="Prairie School">Prairie School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expressionist_architecture" title="Expressionist architecture">Expressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Cubism" title="Czech Cubism">Cubism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Stijl" title="De Stijl">De Stijl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauhaus" title="Bauhaus">Bauhaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constructivist_architecture" title="Constructivist architecture">Constructivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Objectivity_(architecture)" title="New Objectivity (architecture)">New Objectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streamline_Moderne" title="Streamline Moderne">Streamline Moderne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarian_architecture" title="Totalitarian architecture">Totalitarianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_architecture" title="Fascist architecture">Rationalist-Fascist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_architecture" title="Nazi architecture">Nazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalinist_architecture" title="Stalinist architecture">Stalinist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Style_(architecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="International Style (architecture)">International style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functionalism_(architecture)" title="Functionalism (architecture)">Functionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futurist_architecture" title="Futurist architecture">Futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_architecture" title="Organic architecture">Organicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stripped_Classicism" title="Stripped Classicism">Stripped Classicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postconstructivism" title="Postconstructivism">Postconstructivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PWA_Moderne" class="mw-redirect" title="PWA Moderne">PWA Moderne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Googie_architecture" title="Googie architecture">Googie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brutalist_architecture" title="Brutalist architecture">Brutalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structuralism_(architecture)" title="Structuralism (architecture)">Structuralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodern_architecture" title="Postmodern architecture">Postmodern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blobitecture" title="Blobitecture">Blobitecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-tech_architecture" title="High-tech architecture">High-tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcology" title="Arcology">Arcology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_regionalism" title="Critical regionalism">Critical regionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-futurism" title="Neo-futurism">Neo-futurism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deconstructivism" title="Deconstructivism">Deconstructivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neomodern" title="Neomodern">Neomodern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Classical_architecture" title="New Classical architecture">New Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_architecture" title="Contemporary architecture">Contemporary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_architecture" title="Chinese architecture">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_architecture" title="Colonial architecture">Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_India" title="Architecture of India">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dravidian_architecture" title="Dravidian architecture">Dravidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple_architecture" title="Hindu temple architecture">Hindu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_architecture" title="Japanese architecture">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_architecture" title="Korean architecture">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_architecture" title="Mesoamerican architecture">Mesoamerican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maya_architecture" title="Maya architecture">Maya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newa_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Newa architecture">Newari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese Architecture">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian architecture">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_architecture" title="Spanish architecture">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_architecture" title="Somali architecture">Somali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Genres_of_modern_architecture" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Modern_architecture" title="Template:Modern architecture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Modern_architecture" title="Template talk:Modern architecture"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Modern_architecture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Modern architecture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Genres_of_modern_architecture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Genres of <a href="/wiki/Modern_architecture" title="Modern architecture">modern architecture</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alphabetically</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauhaus" title="Bauhaus">Bauhaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blobitecture" title="Blobitecture">Blobitecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brutalist_architecture" title="Brutalist architecture">Brutalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowellism" title="Bowellism">Bowellism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constructivist_architecture" title="Constructivist architecture">Constructivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_architecture" title="Contemporary architecture">Contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_regionalism" title="Critical regionalism">Critical regionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Stijl" title="De Stijl">De Stijl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deconstructivism" title="Deconstructivism">Deconstructivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expressionist_architecture" title="Expressionist architecture">Expressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functionalism_(architecture)" title="Functionalism (architecture)">Functionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futurist_architecture" title="Futurist architecture">Futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Googie_architecture" title="Googie architecture">Googie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-tech_architecture" title="High-tech architecture">High-tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Style_(architecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="International Style (architecture)">International style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metabolism_(architecture)" title="Metabolism (architecture)">Metabolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Century_modern" class="mw-redirect" title="Mid-Century modern">Mid-Century modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernisme" title="Modernisme">Modernisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monumentalism" title="Monumentalism">Monumentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Futurism" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Futurism">Neo-Futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neomodern" title="Neomodern">Neomodern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Classical_architecture" title="New Classical architecture">New Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Khmer_Architecture" title="New Khmer Architecture">New Khmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Objectivity_(architecture)" title="New Objectivity (architecture)">New Objectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_architecture" title="Organic architecture">Organicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postconstructivism" title="Postconstructivism">Postconstructivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodern_architecture" title="Postmodern architecture">Postmodernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PWA_Moderne" class="mw-redirect" title="PWA Moderne">PWA Moderne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prairie_School" title="Prairie School">Prairie School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_architecture" title="Fascist architecture">Rationalist-Fascist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rondocubism" title="Rondocubism">Rondocubism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalinist_architecture" title="Stalinist architecture">Stalinist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streamline_Moderne" title="Streamline Moderne">Streamline Moderne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stripped_Classicism" title="Stripped Classicism">Stripped Classicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structuralism_(architecture)" title="Structuralism (architecture)">Structuralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_architecture" title="Sustainable architecture">Sustainable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Modernism" title="Tropical Modernism">Tropical</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">By start year /<br />decade</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modernisme" title="Modernisme">Modernisme</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1888–1911)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1890–1910)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prairie_School" title="Prairie School">Prairie School</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1890s–1920s)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expressionist_architecture" title="Expressionist architecture">Expressionism</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1910–)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stripped_Classicism" title="Stripped Classicism">Stripped Classicism</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1913–)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Stijl" title="De Stijl">De Stijl</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1917–1931)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauhaus" title="Bauhaus">Bauhaus</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1919–1933)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constructivist_architecture" title="Constructivist architecture">Constructivism</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1920–1932)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rondocubism" title="Rondocubism">Rondocubism</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1921–1929)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Objectivity_(architecture)" title="New Objectivity (architecture)">New Objectivity</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1922–1933)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streamline_Moderne" title="Streamline Moderne">Streamline Moderne</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1925–1950)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_architecture" title="Fascist architecture">Rationalist-Fascist</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1920s–1930s)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Style_(architecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="International Style (architecture)">International style</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1920s–)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functionalism_(architecture)" title="Functionalism (architecture)">Functionalism</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1920s–1970s)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futurist_architecture" title="Futurist architecture">Futurism</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1920s–)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_architecture" title="Organic architecture">Organicism</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1920s–)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1910–1939)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postconstructivism" title="Postconstructivism">Postconstructivism</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1930s)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PWA_Moderne" class="mw-redirect" title="PWA Moderne">PWA Moderne</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1933–1944)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalinist_architecture" title="Stalinist architecture">Stalinist</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1930s–1950s)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Googie_architecture" title="Googie architecture">Googie</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1930s–1970)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-century_modern" title="Mid-century modern">Mid-century modern</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1933–1969)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brutalist_architecture" title="Brutalist architecture">Brutalism</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1940s–late 1970s)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Modernism" title="Tropical Modernism">Tropical</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1958–)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Khmer_Architecture" title="New Khmer Architecture">New Khmer</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1953–1970)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structuralism_(architecture)" title="Structuralism (architecture)">Structuralism</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1959–)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metabolism_(architecture)" title="Metabolism (architecture)">Metabolism</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1959–)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodern_architecture" title="Postmodern architecture">Postmodernism</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1960s–)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blobitecture" title="Blobitecture">Blobitecture</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1960s–)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-futurism" title="Neo-futurism">Neo-futurism</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1960s–)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-tech_architecture" title="High-tech architecture">High-tech</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1970s–)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_regionalism" title="Critical regionalism">Critical regionalism</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1980s–)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deconstructivism" title="Deconstructivism">Deconstructivism</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1980s–)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neomodern" title="Neomodern">Neomodern</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1990s–)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Classical_architecture" title="New Classical architecture">New Classical</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1990s–)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_architecture" title="Contemporary architecture">Contemporary</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2000s–)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_parthenon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/16px-P_parthenon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/24px-P_parthenon.svg.png 1.5x, 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