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border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa">  </td></tr> <tr> <td height="40px" colspan="20" style="background:#C4D2DF; padding: 2px 2px 2px 2px; border-right:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa"> <table align="right" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td><div class="plainlinks plainlinksneverexpand" style="position:relative; width:17px; height:17px; overflow:hidden; text-decoration:none;"><div style="position:absolute; font-size:17px; overflow:hidden; line-height:17px; letter-spacing:17px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Sharia&printable=yes"><span title="https://en.citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Sharia&printable=yes" style="text-decoration:none;">   </span></a></div><a href="/wiki/File:Print_button.png" class="image" title="https://en.citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Sharia&printable=yes"><img alt="https://en.citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Sharia&printable=yes" src="/wiki/images/thumb/0/07/Print_button.png/17px-Print_button.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" srcset="/wiki/images/thumb/0/07/Print_button.png/26px-Print_button.png 1.5x, /wiki/images/thumb/0/07/Print_button.png/34px-Print_button.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table><font size="2"><i>This editable Main Article is <b>under development</b> and subject to a <a href="/wiki/CZ:Disclaimer" title="CZ:Disclaimer"><b>disclaimer</b></a><b>. </b></i><b></b></font><div style="float:right; margin: .1em .5em;"><b>[<span class="plainlinks plainlinksneverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Sharia&action=edit&section=0"><font size="2">edit intro</font></a></span>]</b></div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The term <b>sharia</b>, refers to a code of conduct that is intended to regulate all human actions by categorising each as obligatory (<i>fard</i>), recommended (<i> mustahabb</i>), permitted (<i>halal</i>), disliked (makruh), or forbidden (<i>haram</i>). Sharia codes are mainly interpretations of the <a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a>, the sayings and conduct of the prophet Muhammad, and the rulings of respected Islamic scholars. Interpretation of those sources is provided separately in each community by the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring/Catalogs#Grand_Mufti" title="Arab Spring/Catalogs">Grand Mufti</a> of that community. There is no forum in which differences of interpretation can be resolved and no central authority to which they can be referred. As a result there are activities that are halal in some Muslim communities. An example is music, the enjoyment of which is forbidden by Mufti al-Kawthar<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup>, but permitted by Mufti Gomaa <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup>. </p><p>Many Muslim countries have dual systems in which the government is secular but Muslims can choose to bring familial and financial disputes to sharia courts. The exact jurisdiction of these courts varies from country to country, but usually includes marriage, divorce, inheritance, and guardianship. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span></h2> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://qa.sunnipath.com/issue_view.asp?HD=1&ID=1786">Mufti Muhammad ibn Adam al-Kawthar: <i>Music and Singing: A Detailed Fatwa</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ali-gomaa.com/?page=fatwas&fatwa_details=86">Mufti Ali Gomaa: <i>What is the ruling concerning Music?</i></a></span> </li> </ol></div></div></span>  </div> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Sharia&oldid=988309">https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Sharia&oldid=988309</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CZ_Live" title="Category:CZ Live">CZ Live</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_Workgroup" title="Category:Religion Workgroup">Religion Workgroup</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Law_Workgroup" title="Category:Law Workgroup">Law Workgroup</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anthropology_Workgroup" title="Category:Anthropology Workgroup">Anthropology Workgroup</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:Articles written in American English">Articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Content" title="Category:All Content">All Content</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_Content" title="Category:Religion Content">Religion Content</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Law_Content" title="Category:Law Content">Law Content</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anthropology_Content" title="Category:Anthropology Content">Anthropology Content</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Reviewed_Passed_if_Improved" title="Category:Reviewed Passed if Improved">Reviewed Passed if Improved</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_tag" title="Category:Religion tag">Religion tag</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Law_tag" title="Category:Law tag">Law tag</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anthropology_tag" title="Category:Anthropology tag">Anthropology tag</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Suggestion_Bot_Tag" title="Category:Suggestion Bot Tag">Suggestion Bot Tag</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-navigation"> <h2>Navigation menu</h2> <div id="mw-head"> <nav id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal vector-user-menu-legacy" aria-labelledby="p-personal-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-personal-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Personal tools</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="pt-login" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Sharia" title="To edit pages, [[Special:RequestAccount|get a contributor account]]. 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