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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B.jpg/250px-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="370" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B.jpg/375px-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B.jpg/500px-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="664" data-file-height="983" /></a><figcaption>Russian Orthodox <a href="/wiki/Annunciation_Cathedral,_Voronezh" title="Annunciation Cathedral, Voronezh">Annunciation Cathedral</a> in <a href="/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh">Voronezh</a>.</figcaption></figure><style 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_by_country" title="Christianity by country">Christianity by country</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Continents_colour2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Continents_colour2.svg/150px-Continents_colour2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Continents_colour2.svg/225px-Continents_colour2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Continents_colour2.svg/300px-Continents_colour2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="443" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Africa" title="Christianity in Africa">Africa</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Algeria" title="Christianity in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Angola" title="Christianity in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Benin" title="Christianity in Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Botswana" title="Christianity in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Burkina_Faso" title="Christianity in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Burundi" title="Christianity in Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Cameroon" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Cape_Verde" title="Christianity in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Central_African_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Chad" title="Christianity in Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Comoros" title="Christianity in the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Christianity in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Djibouti" title="Christianity in Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Egypt" title="Christianity in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Christianity in Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Eritrea" title="Christianity in Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Eswatini" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Ethiopia" title="Christianity in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Gabon" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Gambia" title="Christianity in the Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Ghana" title="Christianity in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="Christianity in Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Ivory_Coast" title="Christianity in Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Kenya" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Lesotho" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Liberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Libya" title="Christianity in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Madagascar" title="Christianity in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Malawi" title="Christianity in Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Mali" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Mauritania" title="Christianity in Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Mauritius" title="Christianity in Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Morocco" title="Christianity in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Mozambique" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Namibia" title="Christianity in Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Niger" title="Christianity in Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Nigeria" title="Christianity in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Rwanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Senegal" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Seychelles" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Sierra_Leone" title="Christianity in Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Somalia" title="Christianity in Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_South_Africa" title="Christianity in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_South_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Sudan" title="Christianity in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Tanzania" title="Christianity in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Togo" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Tunisia" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Uganda" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Zambia" title="Christianity in Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Zimbabwe" title="Christianity in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a 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title="Christianity in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Indonesia" title="Christianity in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Japan" title="Christianity in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Kazakhstan" title="Christianity in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Korea" title="Christianity in Korea">Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_North_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_South_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in South Korea">South Korea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Christianity in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Laos" title="Christianity in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Macau" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Macau">Macau</a></li> <li><a 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title="Christianity in Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Saint_Lucia" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_United_States" title="Christianity in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Christianity_in_Oceania" title="Category:Christianity in Oceania">Oceania</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content 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America</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Bolivia" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Colombia" title="Christianity in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Ecuador" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Guyana" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Paraguay" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/32px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christianity_by_country" title="Template:Christianity by country"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christianity_by_country" title="Template talk:Christianity by country"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity_by_country" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity by country"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Christianity in Russia</b> is the most widely professed religion in the country. The largest tradition is the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a>. According to official sources, there are 170 <a href="/wiki/Eparchies_and_Metropolitanates_of_the_Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Eparchies and Metropolitanates of the Russian Orthodox Church">eparchies</a> of the Russian Orthodox Church, 145 of which are grouped in metropolitanates.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are from 500,000 to one million <a href="/wiki/Old_Believers" title="Old Believers">Old Believers</a>, who represent an older form of Russian Orthodox Christianity, and who separated from the Orthodox Church in the 17th century as a protest against <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Nikon" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarch Nikon">Patriarch Nikon</a>'s church reforms. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> estimates that there are from 600,000 to 1.5 million Catholics in the country, exceeding government estimates of about 140,000.<sup id="cite_ref-USgov_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USgov-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is one Catholic Archdiocese, Mother of God at Moscow, with three suffragan dioceses (Saint Clement at Saratov, Saint Joseph at Irkutsk, Transfiguration at Novosibirsk) and the Apostolic Prefecture of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the Slavic Center for Law and Justice, <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestants</a> make up the second or third largest group of Christians in Russia, with approximately 3,500 organizations and more than 1 million followers. A large number of missionaries operating in the country are from Protestant denominations.<sup id="cite_ref-USgov_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USgov-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Christianity was the religious self-identification of 47.1% of the Russian population in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-sreda.org_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sreda.org-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other polls give different results: In the same year 2020 the <a href="/wiki/Levada_Center" title="Levada Center">Levada Center</a> estimated that 63% of Russians were Christians;<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 2020 the Public Opinion Foundation<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> estimated that 63% of the population was Christian; in 2011 the <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a> estimated that 71% of Russians were Christians;<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 2011 <a href="/wiki/Ipsos_MORI" title="Ipsos MORI">Ipsos MORI</a> estimated that 69% of Russians were Christians;<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 2021 the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Public_Opinion_Research_Center" title="Russian Public Opinion Research Center">Russian Public Opinion Research Center</a> (VCIOM) estimated that ~67% of Russians were Christians.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Russian "law on non-governmental organizations" that took effect in April 2007 requires <a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organization" title="Non-governmental organization">non-governmental organizations</a> (NGOs), including <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelical</a> churches, to register with state agencies, list their funding sources, and provide records of all meetings. Since 2016, they also face increased restrictions on public and private evangelism as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Yarovaya_law" title="Yarovaya law">Yarovaya law</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christianity_in_Russia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="notheme barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:none"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Christianity in Russia as of 2012 (Sreda Arena Atlas)<sup id="cite_ref-2012ArenaAtlas_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2012ArenaAtlas-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2012Arena-religion-maps_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2012Arena-religion-maps-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodoxy</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:DarkOrchid; width:86.7%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">86.7%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:MediumOrchid; width:3.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">3.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Old_Believers" title="Old Believers">Old Believers</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Purple; width:0.6%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.6%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Russia" title="Catholic Church in Russia">Roman Catholic</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:RoyalBlue; width:0.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostalism</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:DodgerBlue; width:0.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Russia" title="Protestantism in Russia">Protestantism</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Navy; width:0.4%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.4%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Christianity">Nondenominational Christianity</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:DeepSkyBlue; width:7.6%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">7.6%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <p>According to a 2012 survey held in Russia by Sreda Arena, 66,840,000 people in the country (47.4% of the total population) identify as Christians.<sup id="cite_ref-2012ArenaAtlas_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2012ArenaAtlas-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This includes:<sup id="cite_ref-2012ArenaAtlas_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2012ArenaAtlas-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>41.1%—58,800,000 members of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a>;</li> <li>4.1%—5,900,000 people identifying as <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a> without belonging to any church;</li> <li>1.5%—2,100,000 people believing in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox Christianity</a> without belonging to any Orthodox church or belonging to non-Russian churches;</li> <li>0.3%—400,000 <a href="/wiki/Old_Believers" title="Old Believers">Old Believers</a>;</li> <li>0.2%—300,000 <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestants</a>;</li> <li>0.1%—140,000 members of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>;</li> <li>0.1%—140,000 <a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostals</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Russian_Orthodox_Church">Russian Orthodox Church</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christianity_in_Russia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Russian Orthodox Church"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8.JPG/220px-%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8.JPG/330px-%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8.JPG/440px-%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Holy Trinity Cathedral in Sergiev Posad</figcaption></figure> <p>The Russian Orthodox Church is organized in a hierarchical structure. Each church and its attendees constitute a <a href="/wiki/Parish" title="Parish">parish</a> (<i>prikhod</i>). All parishes in a geographical region belong to an <a href="/wiki/Eparchy" title="Eparchy">eparchy</a> (<i>eparkhiya</i>—equivalent to a Western <a href="/wiki/Diocese" title="Diocese">diocese</a>). Eparchies are governed by <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">bishops</a> (<i>episkope</i> or <i>archierey</i>). There are around 130 Russian Orthodox eparchies worldwide. As of February 2, 2010, the Russian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) has 160 dioceses including 30,142 parishes served by 207 bishops, 28,434 priests and 3,625 deacons. There are 788 monasteries, including 386 for men and 402 for women.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some eparchies are organized into <a href="/wiki/Exarchate" title="Exarchate">exarchates</a>, or autonomous churches. These include the <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Orthodox_Church" title="Belarusian Orthodox Church">Belarusian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latvian_Orthodox_Church" title="Latvian Orthodox Church">Latvian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moldovan_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Moldovan Orthodox Church">Moldovan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Orthodox_Church_of_Moscow_Patriarchate" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonian Orthodox Church of Moscow Patriarchate">Estonian Orthodox churches</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Orthodox_Church" title="Chinese Orthodox Church">Chinese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Orthodox Church">Japanese Orthodox Churches</a> were granted full autonomy by the Moscow Patriarchate, but this autonomy is not universally recognized. Smaller eparchies are usually governed by a single bishop. Larger eparchies, exarchates, and autonomous churches are governed by <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_archbishop" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan archbishop">Metropolitan archbishops</a> and sometimes have one or more bishops assigned to them. The highest level of authority in the Church is represented by the <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_Moscow_and_All_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia">Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia</a>, head of the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church. The Holy Synod is the governing body of the Church between the Bishops' Councils. </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Saint_Tikhon%27s_Orthodox_University" title="Saint Tikhon's Orthodox University">Saint Tikhon's Orthodox University</a> and other researchers, up to several hundred thousands of Orthodox believers were repressed for their faith in the Soviet period.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Old_Believers">Old Believers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christianity_in_Russia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Old Believers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Old_Believers" title="Old Believers">Old Believers</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Christianity_in_Russia" title="Special:EditPage/Christianity in Russia">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Old Believers are Russian Orthodox Christians who maintain the liturgical and ritual practices of the Eastern Orthodox Church as they were before the reforms of <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Nikon_of_Moscow" title="Patriarch Nikon of Moscow">Patriarch Nikon of Moscow</a>. They split from the mainstream Russian Orthodox Church in the 17th century. </p><p>In 1971, the <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Patriarchate" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscow Patriarchate">Moscow Patriarchate</a> revoked the <a href="/wiki/Anathema#Orthodoxy" title="Anathema">anathemas</a> placed on the Old Believers in the 17th century, but most Old Believer communities have not returned to Communion with other Orthodox Christians. </p><p>As of 2006, the total number of Old Believers is estimated from 500,000 to 1 million, some living in isolated communities to which they fled centuries ago to avoid persecution. An Old Believer parish in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> has entered into communion with the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church_Outside_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia">Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia</a>. Old-Believer churches in Russia have begun the restoration of their property, although Old Believers face many difficulties in claiming <a href="/wiki/Restitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Restitution">restitution</a> rights for their churches. <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> has churches for the most important Old Believer branches: <a href="/wiki/Rogozhskaya_Zastava" class="mw-redirect" title="Rogozhskaya Zastava">Rogozhskaya Zastava</a> (<a href="/wiki/Popovtsy" title="Popovtsy">Popovtsy</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Belokrinitskaya_hierarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Belokrinitskaya hierarchy">Belokrinitskaya hierarchy</a> official center), a cathedral for the Novozybkovskaya hierarchy in <a href="/wiki/Zamoskvorech%27ye" class="mw-redirect" title="Zamoskvorech'ye">Zamoskvorech'ye</a> and <a href="/wiki/Preobrazhenskaya_Zastava" class="mw-redirect" title="Preobrazhenskaya Zastava">Preobrazhenskaya Zastava</a> where <a href="/wiki/Pomortsy" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomortsy">Pomortsy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fedoseevtsy" title="Fedoseevtsy">Fedoseevtsy</a> coexist. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oriental_Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodoxy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christianity_in_Russia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Oriental Orthodoxy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Russia" title="Armenians in Russia">Armenians in Russia</a></div> <p>Long historical ties with <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> have resulted in a significant presence of <a href="/wiki/Armenian_diaspora" title="Armenian diaspora">Armenian diaspora</a> in Russia. Most of ethnic <a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Russia" title="Armenians in Russia">Armenians in Russia</a> are adherents of the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian Apostolic Church</a>, one of the main churches of the <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodoxy</a>, distinctive from <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodoxy</a> in terms of <a href="/wiki/Miaphysite_christology" class="mw-redirect" title="Miaphysite christology">miaphysite christology</a>. In spite of some theological differences, relations between Armenian Apostolic Church and the Russian Orthodox Church are very good. There are Armenian eparchies (dioceses), and many churches on the territory of Russia (see: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Armenian_churches_in_Russia" title="List of Armenian churches in Russia">List of Armenian churches in Russia</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catholic_Church">Catholic Church</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christianity_in_Russia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Catholic Church"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Russia" title="Catholic Church in Russia">Catholic Church in Russia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Moscow_Immaculate_Conception_Church_asv2019-06_img1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Moscow_Immaculate_Conception_Church_asv2019-06_img1.jpg/220px-Moscow_Immaculate_Conception_Church_asv2019-06_img1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Moscow_Immaculate_Conception_Church_asv2019-06_img1.jpg/330px-Moscow_Immaculate_Conception_Church_asv2019-06_img1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Moscow_Immaculate_Conception_Church_asv2019-06_img1.jpg/440px-Moscow_Immaculate_Conception_Church_asv2019-06_img1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4068" data-file-height="4068" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_(Moscow)" title="Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception (Moscow)">Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception</a> in Moscow</figcaption></figure> <p>As of 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> in Russia had one <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Mother_of_God_at_Moscow" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mother of God at Moscow">Archdiocese of Mother of God at Moscow</a> (headed by Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Pezzi" title="Paolo Pezzi">Pavel Pezzi</a>), three dioceses (Saint Clement at <a href="/wiki/Saratov" title="Saratov">Saratov</a>, Saint Joseph at <a href="/wiki/Irkutsk" title="Irkutsk">Irkutsk</a>, Transfiguration at <a href="/wiki/Novosibirsk" title="Novosibirsk">Novosibirsk</a>), one <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Exarchate" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Exarchate">Apostolic Exarchate</a> and one <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Prefecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Prefecture">Apostolic Prefecture</a> in <a href="/wiki/Yuzhno_Sakhalinsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuzhno Sakhalinsk">Yuzhno Sakhalinsk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Catholic Archbishop of Moscow has voiced his support for religious education in state sponsored schools, citing the examples of other countries.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Relations with the Russian Orthodox church have been difficult for nearly a millennium, and attempts at re-establishing Catholicism have met with opposition. <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> expressed a desire to visit Russia, but the Russian Orthodox Church resisted.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2002, Bishop Jerry Mazur of Eastern Siberia was stripped of his visa, forcing the appointment of a new bishop for that diocese.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2002, five foreign Catholic priests were denied visas to return to Russia, construction of a new cathedral was blocked in <a href="/wiki/Pskov" title="Pskov">Pskov</a>, and a church in southern Russia was shot at.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On December 25, 2005, Russian Orthodox activists planned to picket outside of Moscow's Catholic Cathedral, but the picket was cancelled. Despite easing of relations with the election of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a>, there remain issues such as the readiness of the police to protect Catholics and other minorities from persecution.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One thousand Russian Catholics gathered in the Virgin Mary's Immaculate Conception Cathedral in Moscow to watch the funeral of <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> in 2005. He had previously given an 18th-century copy of the famous <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Kazan" title="Our Lady of Kazan">Our Lady of Kazan</a> icon to the Russian Orthodox Church.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Russian_Byzantine-Catholic_Church">Russian Byzantine-Catholic Church</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christianity_in_Russia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Russian Byzantine-Catholic Church"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Russian_Byzantine_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Byzantine Catholic Church">Russian Byzantine Catholic Church</a></div> <p>There are also <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine Rite</a> Catholic Church communes in Russia (in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Omsk and Nizhnevartovsk), which are in full communion with, and subject to, the authority of the Pope as defined by Eastern canon law. That tradition is closely connected with the ideas of philosopher and poet <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Sergeyevich_Solovyov" class="mw-redirect" title="Vladimir Sergeyevich Solovyov">Vladimir Sergeyevich Solovyov</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Protestants">Protestants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christianity_in_Russia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Protestants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:yellow; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 212.51081731572px; border-left-color:blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:blue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 12.632937844611px; border-left-color:green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:53.5826794979px 84.432792550202px 0 0; border-top-color:orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:orange"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 137.63819204712px 100px 0; border-right-color:red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:red"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:4.8943483704846px; border-width:0 0 95.105651629515px 30.901699437495px; border-bottom-color:grey"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Ethnicity of Protestants in Russia </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:grey; color:black;"> </span> German background (20%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:red; color:black;"> </span> English speaking backgrounds (20%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:orange; color:black;"> </span> Korean (19%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:green; color:white;"> </span> Ukrainian (18%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:blue; color:white;"> </span> Russian (16%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:yellow; color:black;"> </span> Other (7%)</div> </div> </div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Protestants_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestants in Russia">Protestants in Russia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lutheran_St._Peter_and_Paul_Cathedral_Moscow_(15121332255).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Lutheran_St._Peter_and_Paul_Cathedral_Moscow_%2815121332255%29.jpg/220px-Lutheran_St._Peter_and_Paul_Cathedral_Moscow_%2815121332255%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Lutheran_St._Peter_and_Paul_Cathedral_Moscow_%2815121332255%29.jpg/330px-Lutheran_St._Peter_and_Paul_Cathedral_Moscow_%2815121332255%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Lutheran_St._Peter_and_Paul_Cathedral_Moscow_%2815121332255%29.jpg/440px-Lutheran_St._Peter_and_Paul_Cathedral_Moscow_%2815121332255%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3538" data-file-height="5307" /></a><figcaption>Saints Peter and Paul Lutheran Cathedral in Moscow</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Christian">Evangelical Christians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutherans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pentecostal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentecostal">Pentecostals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventists</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Quaker">Quakers</a> <sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and many other Protestant denominations are present in Russia, and some observers believe Russia will experience a Protestant revival in the future.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is particular growth among the Korean and German minorities.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptists</a> have been historically the largest Protestant group in Russia.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Some Protestants, especially at the provincial level, report government restrictions and obstruction of their activities by local authorities. In April 2007, the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">European Court of Human Rights</a> obliged Russia to pay €10,000 as non-pecuniary damages for the refusal to register the Moscow branch of the <a href="/wiki/Salvation_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Salvation Army">Salvation Army</a>. One <a href="/wiki/Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist">Baptist</a> missionary and the minister said, "every religion outside Russian Orthodoxy is considered a cult, including Protestantism."<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Evangelical Christians Baptists who conducted a bicycle <a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">missionary</a> expedition in July – August 2007, they faced serious obstacles and suspicious attitude from local authorities in several regions of Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their services were banned several times in public parks. According to <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Sipko" title="Yuri Sipko">Yuri Sipko</a>, president of the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Evangelical_Christians-Baptists_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Union of Evangelical Christians-Baptists of Russia">Union of Evangelical Christians-Baptists of Russia</a>, the goal of the tour was to, "fight their way through on foot or on bicycles to reach even the most remote village and the most despairing person in order to convert them." These words are what caused most hostility towards Protestants.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Russian "law on non-governmental organizations" that took effect in April 2007 requires <a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organization" title="Non-governmental organization">non-governmental organizations</a> (NGOs), including <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelical</a> churches, to register with state agencies, list their funding sources, and provide records of all meetings. In June 2016, Russia passed an anti-terrorism law that bans proselytizing and missionary activities.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On July 8, 2016, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Commission_on_International_Religious_Freedom" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom">U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom</a> (USCIRF) strongly condemned these measures stating, "Under the guise of confronting terrorism, they would grant authorities sweeping powers to curtail civil liberties, including setting broad restrictions on religious practices that would make it very difficult for religious groups to operate."<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An article in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Post" title="The Christian Post">The Christian Post</a></i>, discussing the ban on proselytizing stated, "Human rights and religious freedom advocates argue that the law 'doesn't do that much to defend from terrorism and only prevents Christians and others who are not Orthodox from preaching and proselytizing.'"<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, the USCIRF reclassified Russia as one of the world's worst violators of religious liberty, recommending that the US government deem Russia a "country of particular concern" under the <a href="/wiki/International_Religious_Freedom_Act_of_1998" title="International Religious Freedom Act of 1998">International Religious Freedom Act</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2016, Russian Christians face increased restrictions on public and private evangelism as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Yarovaya_law" title="Yarovaya law">Yarovaya law</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Restorationism">Restorationism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christianity_in_Russia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Restorationism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Certain Christian denominations consider themselves to have <a href="/wiki/Restorationism_(Christian_primitivism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Restorationism (Christian primitivism)">restored primitive Christianity</a> and do not consider themselves part of Protestantism. Some Orthodox scholars view these denominations as 'totalitarian sects'.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest of these denominations are <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jehovah's_Witnesses"><span id="Jehovah.27s_Witnesses"></span>Jehovah's Witnesses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christianity_in_Russia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Jehovah's Witnesses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Zion's Watch Tower</i> (now called <i><a href="/wiki/The_Watchtower" title="The Watchtower">The Watchtower</a></i>, the primary journal of the <a href="/wiki/Watch_Tower_Bible_and_Tract_Society_of_Pennsylvania" title="Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania">Watch Tower Society</a>) had subscribers in Russia as early as 1887. In 1935, the Watch Tower Society unsuccessfully attempted to establish a branch office in the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> to support members already there. By 1939, thousands of Jehovah's Witnesses were residing in the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_states" title="Baltic states">Baltic states</a> when the Soviet Union absorbed those formerly independent countries. In the 1940s, the Soviet government forcibly dispersed thousands of Witnesses, in a program named <a href="/wiki/Operation_North" title="Operation North">Operation North</a>, later described by Dr. N. S. Gordienko, a professor at <a href="/wiki/Herzen_University" title="Herzen University">Herzen University</a> as having "just the opposite of what was expected; they wanted to weaken the organization of Jehovah's Witnesses in the USSR, but in fact, they only strengthened it". In the 1950s and 1960s, Jehovah's Witnesses were tracked, infiltrated, harassed, and persecuted by the Soviet government. By 1971, there were more than 4,500 Witnesses in the Soviet Union. When the denomination was formally recognized in March 1991, the organization reported 15,987 members in Russia. Beginning in 1993, Witness missionaries from Germany were assigned to Russia to support the local members. By 2014, Jehovah's Witnesses reported over 170,000 members in Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 23, 2017, the <a href="/wiki/Russian_News_Agency_TASS" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian News Agency TASS">Russian News Agency TASS</a> reported that Russia's Justice Ministry had suspended the activities of the Administrative Center of Jehovah's Witnesses in Russia due to extremist activities.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On April 4, 2017 <a href="/wiki/UN_Special_Rapporteur" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Special Rapporteur">UN Special Rapporteur</a> on Freedom of Opinion and Expression <a href="/wiki/David_Kaye_(law_professor)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Kaye (law professor)">David Kaye</a>, UN Special Rapporteur on Freedoms of Peaceful Assembly and Association <a href="/wiki/Maina_Kiai" title="Maina Kiai">Maina Kiai</a>, and UN Special Rapporteur on <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">Freedom of Religion</a> and Belief <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Shaheed" title="Ahmed Shaheed">Ahmed Shaheed</a> condemned Russia's desire to ban Jehovah's Witnesses.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, on April 20, 2017, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Russia" title="Supreme Court of Russia">Supreme Court of Russia</a> issued a verdict upholding the claim from the country's Justice Ministry that Jehovah's Witnesses' activity violated laws on "extremism". The ruling liquidates the group's Russian headquarters in St. Petersburg and all of its 395 local religious organizations, ordering their property to be seized by the state. According to <a href="/wiki/Forum_18" title="Forum 18">Forum 18</a>, this is the first time that a court has ruled that a registered national centralized religious organization is "extremist" and banned.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Various countries and international organizations have spoken out against Russia's religious abuses of Jehovah's Witnesses.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An article in <i><a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a></i> stated, "Russia's decision to ban Jehovah's Witnesses in the country shows the 'paranoia' of Vladimir Putin's government, according to the chair of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Commission_on_International_Religious_Freedom" title="United States Commission on International Religious Freedom">United States Commission on International Religious Freedom</a> (USCIRF)."<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Holocaust_Memorial_Museum" title="United States Holocaust Memorial Museum">United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</a> also expressed deep concern over Russia's treatment of Jehovah's Witnesses.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This oppression continued and expanded through 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-crackdown_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crackdown-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#Soviet_Union" title="Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses">Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses in the Soviet Union</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Russian_Mormons""><span id=".22Russian_Mormons.22"></span>"Russian Mormons"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christianity_in_Russia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: "Russian Mormons""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Christianity_in_Russia" title="Special:EditPage/Christianity in Russia">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 1855 in the <a href="/wiki/Novouzensk" title="Novouzensk">Novouzensk</a> region, Ivan Grigorev Kanygin founded religious communities involving untraditional marriage<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (May 2017)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and communal practices based on their interpretations of the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>. Although they called themselves Communists or Methodists (due to a claimed association with <a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodism</a>), an <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox</a> <a href="/wiki/Priest" title="Priest">priest</a> named Khrisanf Rozhdestvenskiy labeled them "Mormons" in 1869 after the contemporaneous American movement, and the term was thereafter applied pejoratively to such adherents. In the 1870s, a separate community developed near the <a href="/wiki/Volga" title="Volga">Volga</a> city of <a href="/wiki/Samara,_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Samara, Russia">Samara</a> whose members avoided alcohol, tobacco and swearing, cooperated in commercial enterprises, and were governed by "<a href="/wiki/Apostle" title="Apostle">apostles</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Prophet" title="Prophet">prophets</a>". Adherents refused to discuss their theological beliefs with outsiders, and their beliefs were mistakenly identified with <a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Latter Day Saint movement">Mormonism</a>. The "Samara Mormons" came to tolerate the name into the 20th century, though they were not aware of the actual <a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Latter Day Saint movement">Latter Day Saint movement</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Latter-day_Saints">Latter-day Saints</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christianity_in_Russia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Latter-day Saints"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_in_Russia" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Russia">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Russia</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a> had primitive beginnings in the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>. <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Smith" title="Joseph Smith">Joseph Smith</a> called <a href="/wiki/George_J._Adams" title="George J. Adams">George J. Adams</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orson_Hyde" title="Orson Hyde">Orson Hyde</a> as missionaries to Russia in 1843, 13 years after the Church's creation.<sup id="cite_ref-MormonNewsroom_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MormonNewsroom-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the death of Smith occurred, and Adams and Hyde never traveled to Russia. The first Russian converts were baptized in the nation in 1895. They were then imprisoned after the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a> in 1918. The Church had some contact with the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Ezra_Taft_Benson" title="Ezra Taft Benson">Ezra Taft Benson</a> visiting Moscow in 1959 and <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Dubinin" title="Yuri Dubinin">Yuri Dubinin</a> visiting <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Brigham_Young_University" title="Brigham Young University">Brigham Young University</a> campus in April 1990. The <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Mormon" title="Book of Mormon">Book of Mormon</a> was translated into Russian and published in 1981. The Church was able to reestablish its presence in Russia in 1990,<sup id="cite_ref-ChurchNews_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChurchNews-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Russian government officially recognized the Church in May 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-MormonNewsroom_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MormonNewsroom-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Membership grew in the 1990s and early 2000s,<sup id="cite_ref-:4_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by 2009, the Church reported membership of 19,946 in 129 congregations in Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-ChurchNews_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChurchNews-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the Church's website, no membership statistics are currently available.<sup id="cite_ref-MormonNewsroom_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MormonNewsroom-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Church's proselyting efforts were impacted by the 2019 <a href="/wiki/Yarovaya_law" title="Yarovaya law">Yarovaya law</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> missionaries are now referred to as "volunteers" and cannot speak openly about the Church outside of official Church sites.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, <a href="/wiki/Russell_M._Nelson" title="Russell M. Nelson">Russell M. Nelson</a> announced at the April <a href="/wiki/General_Conference_(LDS_Church)" title="General Conference (LDS Church)">General Conference</a> of the Church that a <a href="/wiki/Temple_(LDS_Church)" title="Temple (LDS Church)">temple</a> would be constructed in a major city in Russia.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bible_translation">Bible translation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christianity_in_Russia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bible translation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Russian_Bible_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Bible Society">Russian Bible Society</a></div> <p>Translation of the Bible into Russian began in the 16th and 17th centuries. However, the works (by deacon of Posolsky Prikaz Avraamiy Firsov, pastor E. Gluk, and archbishop Methodiy (Smirnov)) were lost during political turbulence and wars.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russian_Bible_Society">Russian Bible Society</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christianity_in_Russia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Russian Bible Society"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Full-scale <a href="/wiki/Bible_translations_into_Russian" title="Bible translations into Russian">translation of the Bible into Russian</a> began in 1813, with the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Bible_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Bible Society">Russian Bible Society</a>. The complete Bible comprising the <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> was published in 1876. This work, called the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Synodal_Bible" title="Russian Synodal Bible">Russian Synodal Bible</a>, is widely used by Protestant communities in Russia and former Soviet countries.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1813 until 1826, the Russian Bible Society distributed more than 500,000 Bible-related books in 41 languages. During the 19th and 20th centuries, activities of the Society were stopped by reactionary policies of the Russian government, but were restored in 1990–1991 when Soviet regime restrictions eased.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The opening ceremony of the Russian Bible Society in Moscow was visited by representatives of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a> and Protestant churches, who combined their Bible translation and distribution efforts. The Russian Bible Society produces over 1,000,000 Bible-related books per year. The Society also translates the Bible into the languages and dialects of various ethnic groups throughout Russia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Makarios_Bible">Makarios Bible</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christianity_in_Russia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Makarios Bible"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mikhail Iakovlevich Glukharev, known as <a href="/wiki/Archimandrite" title="Archimandrite">Archimandrite</a> Makarios, was a Russian Orthodox missionary who translated most of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> between 1839 and 1847, while a contemporary associate named Gerasim Petrovich Pavsky translated <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Psalms" class="mw-redirect" title="Book of Psalms">Psalms</a>. Makarios was unable to publish his translation, but a journal called <i>Orthodox Review</i> acquired and published the <i>Makarios Bible</i> in installments between 1860 and 1867, under the title <i>An Experiment of Translation Into the Russian Language</i>. The magazines were rediscovered in 1993 in the rare-books section of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian National Library">Russian National Library</a>, which gave permission for the works to be published. In January 1997, the Watch Tower Society arranged for publication and distribution of the translation throughout Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_World_Translation">New World Translation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christianity_in_Russia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: New World Translation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2002, the Watch Tower Society released the <i>Holy Bible (with New World Translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures)</i> in Russian.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The complete <i><a href="/wiki/New_World_Translation_of_the_Holy_Scriptures" class="mw-redirect" title="New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures">New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures</a></i> in Russian was released in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christianity_in_Russia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/31px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/47px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/62px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Russia" title="Catholic Church in Russia">Catholic Church in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestants_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestants in Russia">Protestants in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Synodal_Bible" title="Russian Synodal Bible">Russian Synodal Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ushkovayzet" title="Ushkovayzet">Ushkovayzet</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christianity_in_Russia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Religion and mass media Institute of Russia site</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USgov-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USgov_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USgov_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>US State Department Religious Freedom Report on Russia, 2006</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://c2.kommersant.ru/ISSUES.PHOTO/OGONIOK/2012/034/ogcyhjk2.jpg">http://c2.kommersant.ru/ISSUES.PHOTO/OGONIOK/2012/034/ogcyhjk2.jpg</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170320090751/http://c2.kommersant.ru/ISSUES.PHOTO/OGONIOK/2012/034/ogcyhjk2.jpg">Archived</a> 2017-03-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation of this image file is required to prevent link rot. (March 2022)">bare URL image file</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sreda.org/arena">"Главная страница проекта "Арена" : Некоммерческая Исследовательская Служба "Среда"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0+%22%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%22+%3A+%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%98%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D0%B0+%22%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsreda.org%2Farena&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristianity+in+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/data/countryRU.htm">GCatholic Directory</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sreda.org-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sreda.org_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sreda.org/arena">Arena - Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia</a>. 2012 National Survey of Religions in Russia. Sreda.org</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.levada.ru/2020/10/28/vera-v-sverhestestvennoe/">"ВЕРА В СВЕРХЪЕСТЕСТВЕННОЕ"</a> (in Russian). Levada Center. 3 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%95%D0%A0%D0%90+%D0%92+%D0%A1%D0%92%D0%95%D0%A0%D0%A5%D0%AA%D0%95%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%95%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%92%D0%95%D0%9D%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%95&rft.pub=Levada+Center&rft.date=2020-11-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.levada.ru%2F2020%2F10%2F28%2Fvera-v-sverhestestvennoe%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristianity+in+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fom.ru/TSennosti/14494">"Об оскорблении религиозных чувств"</a> (in Russian). Фонд Общественное Мнение, ФОМ (Public Opinion Foundation). 21 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9E%D0%B1+%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D1%87%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2&rft.pub=%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4+%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%9C%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%2C+%D0%A4%D0%9E%D0%9C+%28Public+Opinion+Foundation%29&rft.date=2021-04-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffom.ru%2FTSennosti%2F14494&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristianity+in+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewforum.org/2017/05/10/religious-belief-and-national-belonging-in-central-and-eastern-europe/">"Religious Belief and National Belonging in Central and Eastern Europe"</a>. Pew Research Center. 21 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Religious+Belief+and+National+Belonging+in+Central+and+Eastern+Europe&rft.pub=Pew+Research+Center&rft.date=2021-04-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewforum.org%2F2017%2F05%2F10%2Freligious-belief-and-national-belonging-in-central-and-eastern-europe%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristianity+in+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130117013643/http://www.fgi-tbff.org/sites/default/files/elfinder/FGIImages/Research/fromresearchtopolicy/ipsos_mori_briefing_pack.pdf">"Views on globalisation and faith"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Ipsos MORI. 5 July 2011. p. 40. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fgi-tbff.org/sites/default/files/elfinder/FGIImages/Research/fromresearchtopolicy/ipsos_mori_briefing_pack.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 17 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Views+on+globalisation+and+faith&rft.pages=40&rft.pub=Ipsos+MORI&rft.date=2011-07-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fgi-tbff.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Felfinder%2FFGIImages%2FResearch%2Ffromresearchtopolicy%2Fipsos_mori_briefing_pack.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristianity+in+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wciom.ru/analytical-reviews/analiticheskii-obzor/velikii-post-2021/">"Великий пост — 2021"</a> (in Russian). Levada Center. 21 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82+%E2%80%94+2021&rft.pub=Levada+Center&rft.date=2021-04-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwciom.ru%2Fanalytical-reviews%2Fanaliticheskii-obzor%2Fvelikii-post-2021%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristianity+in+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2012ArenaAtlas-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2012ArenaAtlas_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2012ArenaAtlas_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2012ArenaAtlas_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sreda.org/en/arena">"Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia"</a>. Sreda, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2012Arena-religion-maps-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2012Arena-religion-maps_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://c2.kommersant.ru/ISSUES.PHOTO/OGONIOK/2012/034/ogcyhjk2.jpg">2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps</a>. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. 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Retrieved on 3 April 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uscirf.gov/sites/default/files/Tier1_RUSSIA_2019.pdf">"Russia Chapter - 2019 Annual Report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>United States Commission on International Religious Freedom</i>. 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Free+Europe%2FRadio+Liberty&rft.atitle=Keeping+The+Faith%3A+With+Missionary+Work+Banned%2C+Mormons+In+Russia+%27Just+Making+Friends%27&rft.date=2018-12-30&rft.aulast=Luxmoore&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fa%2Fwith-missionary-work-banned-mormons-in-russia-just-making-friends-%2F29683037.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristianity+in+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170625224825/http://www.biblia.ru/translation/show/?2&start=0">"Russian Bible Society, in Russian"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-08-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Russian+Bible+Society%2C+in+Russian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblia.ru%2Fabout%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristianity+in+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"A Hidden Treasure Comes to Light", <i>The Watchtower</i>, December 15, 1997, pages 22-27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Announcements", <i>Our Kingdom Ministry</i>, February 2002, page 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Russia", <i>2008 Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses</i>, ©2007 Watch Tower, page 237</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christianity_in_Russia&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mospat.ru/en/">Department for External Church Relations of the Russian Orthodox Church official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/country/RU.htm">Catholic Church in Russia, on GCAtholic</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibt.org.ru/english/about_en.htm">Institute for Bible translation in Russia/CIS</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140217071055/http://ibt.org.ru/english/about_en.htm">Archived</a> 2014-02-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Shubin, Daniel H. <i>History of Russian Christianity</i>, in 4 volumes: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1365407925" title="Special:BookSources/978-1365407925">978-1365407925</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1365408021" title="Special:BookSources/978-1365408021">978-1365408021</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1365408311" title="Special:BookSources/978-1365408311">978-1365408311</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1365408458" title="Special:BookSources/978-1365408458">978-1365408458</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output 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Christianity">Eastern Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern<br />Orthodox<br />Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Old_Believers" title="Old Believers">Old Believers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bezpopovtsy" class="mw-redirect" title="Bezpopovtsy">Bezpopovtsy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pomorian_Old-Orthodox_Church" title="Pomorian Old-Orthodox Church">Pomorian Old-Orthodox Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Popovtsy" title="Popovtsy">Popovtsy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edinoverie" title="Edinoverie">Edinoverie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Old-Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Old-Orthodox Church">Russian Old-Orthodox Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Old-Rite_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Old-Rite Church">Russian Orthodox Old-Rite Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/True_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="True Orthodox">True Orthodox</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Autonomous_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Autonomous Church">Russian Orthodox Autonomous Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_True_Orthodox_Church_(Lazar_Zhurbenko)" title="Russian True Orthodox Church (Lazar Zhurbenko)">Russian True Orthodox Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodox">Oriental Orthodox</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian Apostolic Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_Christianity" title="Spiritual Christianity">Spiritual Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Molokan" class="mw-redirect" title="Molokan">Molokan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Catholic">Catholic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ordinariate_for_Catholics_of_Armenian_Rite_in_Eastern_Europe" title="Ordinariate for Catholics of Armenian Rite in Eastern Europe">Armenian Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Russian Greek Catholic Church">Greek Catholic Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Russia" title="Catholic Church in Russia">Roman Catholic Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Russia" title="Protestantism in Russia">Main article</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_%22Concord%22" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church "Concord"">Evangelical Lutheran Church "Concord"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Russia,_Ukraine,_Kazakhstan_and_Central_Asia" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Central Asia">Evangelical Lutheran Church in Russia and the Other States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_of_Ingria" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church of Ingria">Evangelical Lutheran Church of Ingria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church" title="Siberian Evangelical Lutheran Church">Siberian Evangelical Lutheran Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anabaptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anabaptist">Anabaptist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Mennonite" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Mennonite">Mennonites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist">Baptist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Union_of_Evangelical_Christians-Baptists" title="Russian Union of Evangelical Christians-Baptists">Russian Union of Evangelical Christians-Baptists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adventist" class="mw-redirect" title="Adventist">Adventist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pentecostal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentecostal">Pentecostal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Union_of_Churches_of_Evangelical_Faith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian Union of Churches of Evangelical Faith (page does not exist)">Russian Union of Churches of Evangelical Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Church_of_Christians_of_Evangelical_Faith_(Union)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian Church of Christians of Evangelical Faith (Union) (page does not exist)">Russian Church of Christians of Evangelical Faith (Union)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Andrew%27s_Anglican_Church,_Moscow" title="St. Andrew's Anglican Church, Moscow">Anglicanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Restorationist" class="mw-redirect" title="Restorationist">Restorationist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Apostolic_Church" title="New Apostolic Church">New Apostolic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_in_Russia" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Russia">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Russia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interdenominational<br />organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Evangelical_Alliance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian Evangelical Alliance (page does not exist)">Russian Evangelical Alliance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Christianity_in_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Christianity_in_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Asia" title="Christianity in Asia">Christianity in Asia </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Afghanistan" title="Christianity in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Azerbaijan" title="Christianity in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Bahrain" title="Christianity in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Bangladesh" title="Christianity in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Bhutan" title="Christianity in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Brunei" title="Christianity in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_China" title="Christianity in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Cyprus" title="Christianity in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_East_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in East Timor">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Egypt" title="Christianity in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Christianity in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_India" title="Christianity in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Indonesia" title="Christianity in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Iran" title="Christianity in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Iraq" title="Christianity in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Israel" title="Christianity in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Japan" title="Christianity in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Jordan" title="Christianity in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Kazakhstan" title="Christianity in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_North_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_South_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Kuwait" title="Christianity in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Christianity in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Laos" title="Christianity in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Lebanon" title="Christianity in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Malaysia" title="Christianity in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Maldives" title="Christianity in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Mongolia" title="Christianity in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Myanmar" title="Christianity in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Nepal" title="Christianity in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Oman" title="Christianity in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Pakistan" title="Christianity in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Philippines" title="Christianity in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Qatar" title="Christianity in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Christianity in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Singapore" title="Christianity in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Christianity in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Syria" title="Christianity in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Tajikistan" title="Christianity in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Thailand" title="Christianity in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Turkey" title="Christianity in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Turkmenistan" title="Christianity in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Christianity in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Uzbekistan" title="Christianity in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Vietnam" title="Christianity in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Yemen" title="Christianity in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Abkhazia" title="Christianity in Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christianity_in_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christianity in Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christianity_in_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christianity in South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Taiwan" title="Christianity in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christianity_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christianity in the British Indian Ocean Territory (page does not exist)">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christianity_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christianity in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Hong_Kong" title="Christianity in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Macau" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Europe_topic" title="Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Europe_topic" title="Template talk:Europe topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Europe_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Christianity_in_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Europe" title="Christianity in Europe">Christianity in Europe </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Albania" title="Christianity in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Andorra" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Azerbaijan" title="Christianity in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Cyprus" title="Christianity in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Denmark" title="Christianity in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Estonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_France" title="Christianity in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Christianity in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Iceland" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Italy" title="Christianity in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Kazakhstan" title="Christianity in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Liechtenstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Malta" title="Christianity in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_North_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Norway" title="Christianity in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_San_Marino" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Serbia" title="Christianity in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Slovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Turkey" title="Christianity in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Vatican_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Abkhazia" title="Christianity in Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Kosovo" title="Christianity in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christianity_in_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christianity in Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christianity_in_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christianity in South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christianity_in_Transnistria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christianity in Transnistria (page does not exist)">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christianity_in_%C3%85land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christianity in Åland (page does not exist)">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christianity_in_the_Faroe_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christianity in the Faroe Islands (page does not exist)">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christianity_in_Gibraltar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christianity in Gibraltar (page does not exist)">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christianity_in_Guernsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christianity in Guernsey (page does not exist)">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christianity_in_the_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christianity in the Isle 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