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National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics - Wikipedia
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id="toc-Other_firsts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Championship_sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Championship_sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Championship sports</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Championship_sports-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Championship sports subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Championship_sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Basketball_championships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Basketball_championships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Basketball championships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Basketball_championships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_championship_sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_championship_sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Other championship sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_championship_sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Invitational_sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Invitational_sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Invitational sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Invitational_sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emerging_sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emerging_sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Emerging sports</span> 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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-List_of_conferences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_conferences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>List of conferences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_conferences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">North American college athletics association</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics_logo.svg/200px-National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics_logo.svg/300px-National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics_logo.svg/400px-National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="496" data-file-height="234" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:NAIA_Headquarters.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/NAIA_Headquarters.jpg/220px-NAIA_Headquarters.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/NAIA_Headquarters.jpg/330px-NAIA_Headquarters.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/NAIA_Headquarters.jpg/440px-NAIA_Headquarters.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2212" data-file-height="1484" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">NAIA headquarters in Downtown Kansas City, pictured in 2008</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">NAIA</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">1940<span class="noprint">; 84 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1940</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Legal status</th><td class="infobox-data">Association</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data">120 W. 12th Street, Suite 700 <br /><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City, Missouri</a> 64105<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Region served </div></th><td class="infobox-data">United States, Canada, and U.S. Virgin Islands</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Membership </div></th><td class="infobox-data">241</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">President</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Jim Carr<sup id="cite_ref-staff_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-staff-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Chief_operating_officer" title="Chief operating officer">COO</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">Lynn Parman</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Main organ</div></th><td class="infobox-data">NAIA Council of Presidents</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.naia.org/landing/index">naia.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics</b> (<b>NAIA</b>) established in 1940, is a <a href="/wiki/College_athletics" class="mw-redirect" title="College athletics">college athletics</a> association for <a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">colleges and universities</a> in North America. Most colleges and universities in the NAIA offer <a href="/wiki/Athletic_scholarships" class="mw-redirect" title="Athletic scholarships">athletic scholarships</a> to their student athletes. Around $1.3 billion in athletic scholarship financial aid is awarded to student athletes annually. </p><p>For the 2023–24 season, it had <a href="/wiki/List_of_NAIA_institutions" title="List of NAIA institutions">241 member institutions</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of which two are in <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>, one in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a>, and the rest in the <a href="/wiki/Conterminous_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Conterminous United States">continental United States</a>, with over 83,000 student-athletes participating.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NAIA, whose headquarters is in <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City, Missouri</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sponsors 28 national championships. <a href="/wiki/CBS_Sports_Network" title="CBS Sports Network">CBS Sports Network</a>, formerly called CSTV, serves as the national media outlet for the NAIA.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, <a href="/wiki/ESPNU" title="ESPNU">ESPNU</a> began carrying the <a href="/wiki/NAIA_Football_National_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Football National Championship">NAIA Football National Championship</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1937, <a href="/wiki/James_Naismith" title="James Naismith">James Naismith</a> and local leaders, including George Goldman and Emil Liston, staged the first National College Basketball Tournament at <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Auditorium_(Kansas_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal Auditorium (Kansas City)">Municipal Auditorium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City, Missouri</a>, of which Goldman was director, one year before the first <a href="/wiki/National_Invitation_Tournament" title="National Invitation Tournament">National Invitation Tournament</a> and two years before the first <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_men%27s_basketball_tournament" title="NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament">NCAA tournament</a>. The goal of the tournament was to establish a forum for small colleges and universities to determine a national basketball champion. The original eight-team tournament expanded to 32 teams in 1938. On March 10, 1940, the National Association for Intercollegiate Basketball (NAIB) was formed in Kansas City, Missouri. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/1952_in_sports" title="1952 in sports">1952</a>, the NAIB was transformed into the NAIA, and with that came the sponsorship of additional sports such as men's golf, tennis and outdoor track and field.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/College_football" title="College football">Football</a> in the NAIA was split into two divisions in 1970, based on enrollment (Divisions I and II); it was consolidated back into a single division in 1997. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="African-American_participation">African-American participation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: African-American participation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/1948_NAIA_Division_I_men%27s_basketball_tournament" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 NAIA Division I men's basketball tournament">1948 NAIB national tournament</a> was the first intercollegiate postseason to feature a <a href="/wiki/African-American" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American">Black</a> student-athlete, <a href="/wiki/Clarence_J._Walker" title="Clarence J. Walker">Clarence Walker</a> of <a href="/wiki/Indiana_State_Sycamores_men%27s_basketball" title="Indiana State Sycamores men's basketball">Indiana State</a> under coach <a href="/wiki/John_Wooden" title="John Wooden">John Wooden</a>. Wooden had withdrawn from the <a href="/wiki/1947_NAIA_Division_I_men%27s_basketball_tournament" class="mw-redirect" title="1947 NAIA Division I men's basketball tournament">1947 tournament</a> because the NAIB would not allow Walker to play.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The association furthered its commitment to African-American athletes when, in 1953, it became the first collegiate association to invite <a href="/wiki/Historically_black_colleges_and_universities" title="Historically black colleges and universities">historically black colleges and universities</a> into its membership. In 1957, <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_State_Tigers_men%27s_basketball" class="mw-redirect" title="Tennessee State Tigers men's basketball">Tennessee A&I (now Tennessee State)</a> became the first historically Black institution to win a collegiate basketball national championship. In 1959, Southern University became the first HBCU to win the NAIA Baseball championship.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transgender_participation">Transgender participation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Transgender participation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2024, NAIA instituted a ban on those transgender men who have begun <a href="/wiki/Transgender_hormone_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender hormone therapy">transgender hormone therapy</a> and all transgender women from competing in women’s sports, with the exception of cheerleading and dance.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Female_participation">Female participation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Female participation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The NAIA began sponsoring intercollegiate championships for women in <a href="/wiki/1980_in_sports" title="1980 in sports">1980</a>, the second coed national athletics association to do so, offering collegiate athletics championships to women in basketball, cross country, gymnastics, indoor and outdoor track and field, softball, swimming and diving, tennis and volleyball. The <a href="/wiki/National_Junior_College_Athletic_Association" title="National Junior College Athletic Association">National Junior College Athletic Association</a> had established a women's division in the spring of 1975 and held the first women's national championship volleyball tournament that fall. </p><p>In 1997, <a href="/wiki/Liz_Heaston" title="Liz Heaston">Liz Heaston</a> became the first female college athlete to play and score in a college football game when she kicked two extra points during the <a href="/wiki/1997_Linfield_vs._Willamette_football_game" title="1997 Linfield vs. Willamette football game">1997 Linfield vs. Willamette football game</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Champions_of_Character">Champions of Character</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Champions of Character"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Launched in 2000 by the NAIA, the Champions of Character program promotes character and sportsmanship through athletics. The Champions of Character conducts clinics and has developed an online training course to educate athletes, coaches, and athletic administrators with the skills necessary to promote character development in the context of sport. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eligibility_Center">Eligibility Center</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Eligibility Center"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2010, the association opened the NAIA Eligibility Center, where prospective student-athletes are evaluated for academic and athletic eligibility. It delivers on the NAIA's promise of integrity by leveling the playing field, guiding student-athlete success, and ensuring fair competition.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_firsts">Other firsts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Other firsts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Membership</b> – The NAIA was the first association to admit colleges and universities from outside the United States. The NAIA began admitting Canadian members in 1967. </p><p><b>Football</b> – The NAIA was the first association to send a football team to Europe to play. In the summer of 1976, the NAIA sent Henderson State and Texas A&I to play 5 exhibition games in West Berlin, Vienna, Nuremberg, Mannheim and Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Flag football</b> – In May 2020, the NAIA, in partnership with the <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> (NFL), announced the addition of <a href="/wiki/Flag_football" title="Flag football">flag football</a> as a varsity sport for female student-athletes. The NAIA became the first collegiate governing body to sanction the sport at the varsity level. Women's flag began during the 2021 season as an emerging sport with about 15 teams.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Name, image, and likeness reform</b> — In October 2020, the NAIA passed legislation that allows student-athletes at its member institutions to be compensated for the use of their name, image, and likeness (NIL). According to an NAIA press release, student-athletes can now "receive compensation for promoting any commercial product, enterprise, or for any public or media appearance", and can also "reference their intercollegiate athletic participation in such promotions or appearances."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NAIA had allowed student-athletes to receive NIL compensation since 2014, but had not previously allowed them to reference their status as such.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NAIA was several years ahead of the NCAA in NIL reform; the NCAA did not adopt NIL reform until 2021, after its hand was forced by multiple states passing legislation to allow student-athletes to receive such compensation, most notably <a href="/wiki/Fair_Pay_to_Play_Act" title="Fair Pay to Play Act">California</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hale_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hale-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2020, Chloe Mitchell, a volleyball player at NAIA member <a href="/wiki/Aquinas_College_(Michigan)" title="Aquinas College (Michigan)">Aquinas College</a> who at the time had more than 2 million followers on <a href="/wiki/TikTok" title="TikTok">TikTok</a> with a series of do-it-yourself home improvement videos, became the first college student-athlete known to have profited from an endorsement under the current rules.<sup id="cite_ref-Hale_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hale-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Championship_sports">Championship sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Championship sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The NAIA sponsors 16 sports in which it conducts 28 annual championships (13 for men, 13 for women, 2 co-ed). The NAIA recognizes three levels of competitions: "emerging" (15 or more institutions sponsoring as varsity and declared), "invitational" (25 or more institutions sponsoring as varsity and declared for postseason, Approval of the National Administrative Council), and "championship" (40 or more institutions sponsoring as varsity, Minimum of two Invitationals held, Approval of the National Administrative Council).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The association conducts, or has conducted in the past, championship tournaments in the following sports (year established).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basketball_championships">Basketball championships</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Basketball championships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Men%27s_Basketball_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Men's Basketball Championships">Men's basketball</a> <ul><li>Division I (1937–present)</li> <li>Division II (1992–2020)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Women%27s_Basketball_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Women's Basketball Championships">Women's basketball</a> <ul><li>Division I (1981–present)</li> <li>Division II (1992–2020)</li></ul></li></ul> <p>The NAIA men's basketball championship is the longest-running collegiate national championship of any sport in the United States. The tournament was the brainchild of <a href="/wiki/James_Naismith" title="James Naismith">Dr. James Naismith</a>, creator of the game of basketball; <a href="/wiki/Emil_Liston" title="Emil Liston">Emil Liston</a>, athletic director at <a href="/wiki/Baker_University" title="Baker University">Baker University</a>; and Frank Cramer, founder of Cramer Athletic Products. </p><p>The event began in 1937 with the inaugural tournament at Municipal Auditorium in Kansas City, Missouri. The 2017 men's championship marked the 80th edition of what has been tabbed College Basketball's Toughest Tournament. The tournament has awarded the <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Taylor_Most_Valuable_Player_award" class="mw-redirect" title="Chuck Taylor Most Valuable Player award">Chuck Taylor Most Valuable Player award</a> since 1939, as well as the Charles Stevenson Hustle Award ("Charlie Hustle"), which was the basis for <a href="/wiki/Pete_Rose" title="Pete Rose">Pete Rose</a>'s nickname, given to him by <a href="/wiki/Whitey_Ford" title="Whitey Ford">Whitey Ford</a>. From 1992 to 2020, basketball was the only NAIA sport in which the organization's member institutions were aligned into divisions. </p><p>Effective with the 2020–21 academic year, the NAIA returned to a single division for both men's and women's basketball.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_championship_sports">Other championship sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Other championship sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Baseball_World_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Baseball World Series">Baseball</a> (1957)</li> <li>Bowling <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Men%27s_Bowling_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Men's Bowling Championship">Men's</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Women%27s_Bowling_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Women's Bowling Championship">Women's</a> (2018)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Competitive_Cheer_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Competitive Cheer Championship">Competitive Cheer</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Competitive_Dance_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Competitive Dance Championship">Competitive Dance</a> (2016)</li> <li>Cross Country <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Men%27s_Cross_Country_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Men's Cross Country Championship">Men's</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Women%27s_Cross_Country_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Women's Cross Country Championship">Women's</a> (1980)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAIA_national_football_championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA national football championship">Football</a> (1956)</li> <li>Lacrosse <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NAIA_lacrosse#Women's_programs" title="NAIA lacrosse">Women's</a> (2016)</li></ul></li> <li>Golf <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Men%27s_Golf_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Men's Golf Championship">Men's</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Women%27s_Golf_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Women's Golf Championship">Women's</a> (1995)</li></ul></li> <li>Soccer <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Men%27s_Soccer_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Men's Soccer Championship">Men's</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Women%27s_Soccer_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Women's Soccer Championship">Women's</a> (1984)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Softball_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Softball Championship">Softball</a> (1981)</li> <li>Swimming and Diving <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Men%27s_Swimming_and_Diving_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Men's Swimming and Diving Championships">Men's</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Women%27s_Swimming_and_Diving_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Women's Swimming and Diving Championships">Women's</a> (1981)</li></ul></li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li>Tennis <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Men%27s_Tennis_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Men's Tennis Championship">Men's</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Women%27s_Tennis_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Women's Tennis Championship">Women's</a> (1981)</li></ul></li> <li>Indoor and Outdoor Track <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Men%27s_Indoor_Track_and_Field_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Men's Indoor Track and Field Championship">Men's Indoor</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Men%27s_Outdoor_Track_and_Field_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Men's Outdoor Track and Field Championship">Men's Outdoor</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Women%27s_Indoor_Track_and_Field_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Women's Indoor Track and Field Championship">Women's Indoor</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Women%27s_Outdoor_Track_and_Field_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Women's Outdoor Track and Field Championship">Women's Outdoor</a> (1981)</li></ul></li> <li>Volleyball <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Women%27s_Volleyball_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Women's Volleyball Championship">Women's volleyball</a> (1980)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Men%27s_Volleyball_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Men's Volleyball Championship">Men's volleyball</a> (original run 1969–1980<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>/(2018)</li></ul></li> <li>Wrestling <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Men%27s_Wrestling_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Men's Wrestling Championship">Men's</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Women%27s_Wrestling_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Women's Wrestling Championship">Women's</a> (2021)</li></ul></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Invitational_sports">Invitational sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Invitational sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beach_volleyball#College" title="Beach volleyball">Beach volleyball</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Lacrosse <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NAIA_lacrosse#Men's_programs" title="NAIA lacrosse">Men's</a> (2016)</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collegiate_wrestling" title="Collegiate wrestling">Women's Wrestling</a> (2019)<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emerging_sports">Emerging sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Emerging sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_Football" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag Football">Women's flag football</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Discontinued_championships">Discontinued championships</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Discontinued championships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Gymnastics <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics" title="Gymnastics">Men's</a> (1964–1985)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAIA_national_women%27s_gymnastics_championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA national women's gymnastics championship">Women's</a> (1981–1988)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAIA_national_ice_hockey_championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA national ice hockey championship">Ice hockey</a> (1968–1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_Polo" class="mw-redirect" title="Water Polo">Water Polo</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conferences">Conferences</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Conferences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The NAIA has 21 member conferences, including 9 that sponsor football. Member institutions that are not a part of any of these conferences play in the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Athletic_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Continental Athletic Conference">Continental Athletic Conference</a>, formerly the Association of Independent Institutions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_conferences">List of conferences</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: List of conferences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_NAIA_conferences" title="List of NAIA conferences">List of NAIA conferences</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Midwest_Conference" title="American Midwest Conference">American Midwest Conference</a> (AMC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Athletic_Conference" title="Appalachian Athletic Conference">Appalachian Athletic Conference</a> (AAC) *</li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Pacific_Conference" title="California Pacific Conference">California Pacific Conference</a> (Cal Pac)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascade_Collegiate_Conference" title="Cascade Collegiate Conference">Cascade Collegiate Conference</a> (CCC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicagoland_Collegiate_Athletic_Conference" title="Chicagoland Collegiate Athletic Conference">Chicagoland Collegiate Athletic Conference</a> (CCAC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Athletic_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Continental Athletic Conference">Continental Athletic Conference</a> (CAC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossroads_League" title="Crossroads League">Crossroads League</a> (CL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontier_Conference" title="Frontier Conference">Frontier Conference</a> (Frontier) *</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Plains_Athletic_Conference" title="Great Plains Athletic Conference">Great Plains Athletic Conference</a> (GPAC) *</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Southwest_Athletic_Conference" title="Great Southwest Athletic Conference">Great Southwest Athletic Conference</a> (GSAC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HBCU_Athletic_Conference" title="HBCU Athletic Conference">HBCU Athletic Conference</a> (HBCUAC)</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heart_of_America_Athletic_Conference" title="Heart of America Athletic Conference">Heart of America Athletic Conference</a> (HAAC) *</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_Collegiate_Athletic_Conference" title="Kansas Collegiate Athletic Conference">Kansas Collegiate Athletic Conference</a> (KCAC) *</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-South_Conference" title="Mid-South Conference">Mid-South Conference</a> (MSC) *</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-States_Football_Association" title="Mid-States Football Association">Mid-States Football Association</a> (MSFA) †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Star_Athletic_Association" title="North Star Athletic Association">North Star Athletic Association</a> (NSAA) *</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_Athletic_Conference" title="Red River Athletic Conference">Red River Athletic Conference</a> (RRAC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_States_Conference" title="River States Conference">River States Conference</a> (RSC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sooner_Athletic_Conference" title="Sooner Athletic Conference">Sooner Athletic Conference</a> (SAC) *</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_States_Athletic_Conference" title="Southern States Athletic Conference">Southern States Athletic Conference</a> (SSAC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Conference" title="Sun Conference">Sun Conference</a> (TSC) *</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolverine%E2%80%93Hoosier_Athletic_Conference" title="Wolverine–Hoosier Athletic Conference">Wolverine–Hoosier Athletic Conference</a> (WHAC)</li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>*- Denotes that the conference sponsors football. </p><p>†- Denotes a football-only conference. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NAIA_conferences" title="List of NAIA conferences">List of NAIA conferences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NAIA_institutions" title="List of NAIA institutions">List of NAIA institutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NAIA_regions" title="List of NAIA regions">List of NAIA regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_college_athletic_programs_by_U.S._state" title="List of college athletic programs by U.S. state">List of college athletic programs by U.S. state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NACDA_Directors%27_Cup" title="NACDA Directors' Cup">NACDA Directors' Cup</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.naia.org/information/directory/index">"NAIA Staff Directory"</a>. <i>Naia.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 25,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=NAIA+Grants+Invitational+Status+to+Women%27s+Wrestling&rft.date=2018-04-14&rft.aulast=Saab&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.naia.org%2Fsports%2Fwwrest%2F2017-18%2Freleases%2F20180414lktmg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Association+of+Intercollegiate+Athletics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espn.com/college-sports/story/_/id/29133422/naia-sponsor-women-flag-football-nfl-partnership">"NAIA to sponsor women's flag football with NFL partnership"</a>. ESPN. AP. May 4, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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href="/wiki/Template:National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics" title="Template:National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics" title="Template talk:National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#004990;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #D52130, inset -2px -2px 0 #D52130;;width:1%">NAIA</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_NAIA_conferences" title="List of NAIA conferences">Conferences</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_NAIA_institutions" title="List of NAIA institutions">Institutions</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_NAIA_regions" title="List of NAIA regions">Regions</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics_logo.svg/100px-National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics_logo.svg/150px-National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics_logo.svg/200px-National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="496" data-file-height="234" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#004990;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #D52130, inset -2px -2px 0 #D52130;;width:1%">Sports<br />and<br />championships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#004990;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #D52130, inset -2px -2px 0 #D52130;">Active<br />championships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/College_baseball" title="College baseball">Baseball</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_World_Series" title="NAIA World Series">World Series</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/College_basketball" title="College basketball">Basketball</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_men%27s_basketball_championship" title="NAIA men's basketball championship">men</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Women%27s_Basketball_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Women's Basketball Championships">women</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Bowling </span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Men%27s_Bowling_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Men's Bowling Championship">men</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Women%27s_Bowling_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Women's Bowling Championship">women</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Competitive cheer</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Competitive_Cheer_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Competitive Cheer Championship">championship</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Competitive dance </span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Competitive_Dance_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Competitive Dance Championship">championship</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Cross country</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_men%27s_cross_country_championship" title="NAIA men's cross country championship">men</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_women%27s_cross_country_championship" title="NAIA women's cross country championship">women</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/College_football" title="College football">Football</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Football_National_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Football National Championship">championship</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Golf</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Men%27s_Golf_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Men's Golf Championship">men</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Women%27s_Golf_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Women's Golf Championship">women</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/College_lacrosse" title="College lacrosse">Lacrosse</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_women%27s_lacrosse_championship" title="NAIA women's lacrosse championship">women</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/College_soccer" title="College soccer">Soccer</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Men%27s_Soccer_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Men's Soccer Championship">men</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Women%27s_Soccer_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Women's Soccer Championship">women</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/College_Softball" class="mw-redirect" title="College Softball">Softball</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Softball_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Softball Championship">championship</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Swimming & diving</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Men%27s_Swimming_and_Diving_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Men's Swimming and Diving Championships">men</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Women%27s_Swimming_and_Diving_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Women's Swimming and Diving Championships">women</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Tennis</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_men%27s_tennis_championships" title="NAIA men's tennis championships">men</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_women%27s_tennis_championships" title="NAIA women's tennis championships">women</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Track & field </span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">men's <a href="/wiki/NAIA_Men%27s_Indoor_Track_and_Field_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Men's Indoor Track and Field Championship">indoor</a> and <a href="/wiki/NAIA_men%27s_outdoor_track_and_field_championship" title="NAIA men's outdoor track and field championship">outdoor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">women's <a href="/wiki/NAIA_Women%27s_Indoor_Track_and_Field_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Women's Indoor Track and Field Championship">indoor</a> and <a href="/wiki/NAIA_women%27s_outdoor_track_and_field_championship" title="NAIA women's outdoor track and field championship">outdoor</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Volleyball</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_men%27s_volleyball_championship" title="NAIA men's volleyball championship">men</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_women%27s_volleyball_championship" title="NAIA women's volleyball championship">women</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Wrestling</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_men%27s_wrestling_championship" title="NAIA men's wrestling championship">men</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_women%27s_wrestling_championship" title="NAIA women's wrestling championship">women</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#004990;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #D52130, inset -2px -2px 0 #D52130;">Invitation/<br />emerging</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Beach Volleyball </span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Women%27s_Beach_Volleyball_Invitational" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Women's Beach Volleyball Invitational">women</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Lacrosse</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Men%27s_Lacrosse_Invitational" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Men's Lacrosse Invitational">men</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#004990;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #D52130, inset -2px -2px 0 #D52130;">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Basketball (Division II)</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Division_II_Men%27s_Basketball_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Division II Men's Basketball Championship">men</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Division_II_Women%27s_Basketball_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Division II Women's Basketball Championship">women</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Football</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Division_I_Football_National_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Division I Football National Championship">Division I</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Division_II_Football_National_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Division II Football National Championship">Division II</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Gymnastics </span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Women%27s_Gymnastics_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Women's Gymnastics Championships">women</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Ice hockey</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Ice_Hockey_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Ice Hockey Championship">men</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#004990;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #D52130, inset -2px -2px 0 #D52130;;width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/College_athletics_in_the_United_States" title="College athletics in the United States">College athletics in the United States</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="NAIA_conferences" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#004990;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #D52130, inset -2px -2px 0 #D52130;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NAIA_conference_navbox" title="Template:NAIA conference navbox"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NAIA_conference_navbox" title="Template talk:NAIA conference navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NAIA_conference_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NAIA conference navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="NAIA_conferences" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_NAIA_conferences" title="List of NAIA conferences"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">NAIA conferences</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#004990;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #D52130, inset -2px -2px 0 #D52130;;width:1%">Single Division</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Midwest_Conference" title="American Midwest Conference">American Midwest Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Athletic_Conference" title="Appalachian Athletic Conference">Appalachian Athletic Conference</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Pacific_Conference" title="California Pacific Conference">California Pacific Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascade_Collegiate_Conference" title="Cascade Collegiate Conference">Cascade Collegiate Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicagoland_Collegiate_Athletic_Conference" title="Chicagoland Collegiate Athletic Conference">Chicagoland Collegiate Athletic Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAIA_independent_schools" title="NAIA independent schools">Continental Athletic Conference</a> <small>(Independent schools)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossroads_League" title="Crossroads League">Crossroads League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontier_Conference" title="Frontier Conference">Frontier Conference</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Plains_Athletic_Conference" title="Great Plains Athletic Conference">Great Plains Athletic Conference</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Southwest_Athletic_Conference" title="Great Southwest Athletic Conference">Great Southwest Athletic Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HBCU_Athletic_Conference" title="HBCU Athletic Conference">HBCU Athletic Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart_of_America_Athletic_Conference" title="Heart of America Athletic Conference">Heart of America Athletic Conference</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_Collegiate_Athletic_Conference" title="Kansas Collegiate Athletic Conference">Kansas Collegiate Athletic Conference</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-South_Conference" title="Mid-South Conference">Mid-South Conference</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Star_Athletic_Association" title="North Star Athletic Association">North Star Athletic Association</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_Athletic_Conference" title="Red River Athletic Conference">Red River Athletic Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_States_Conference" title="River States Conference">River States Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sooner_Athletic_Conference" title="Sooner Athletic Conference">Sooner Athletic Conference</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_States_Athletic_Conference" title="Southern States Athletic Conference">Southern States Athletic Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Conference" title="Sun Conference">Sun Conference</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolverine%E2%80%93Hoosier_Athletic_Conference" title="Wolverine–Hoosier Athletic Conference">Wolverine–Hoosier Athletic Conference</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#004990;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #D52130, inset -2px -2px 0 #D52130;;width:1%">Football-only</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mid-States_Football_Association" title="Mid-States Football Association">Mid-States Football Association</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAIA_independent_football_schools" title="NAIA independent football schools">NAIA independent football schools</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#004990;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #D52130, inset -2px -2px 0 #D52130;"><div><sup>† </sup>Conference sponsors football</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="College_athletics_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:College_athletics_in_the_United_States" title="Template:College athletics in the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:College_athletics_in_the_United_States" title="Template talk:College athletics in the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this 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href="/wiki/Association_of_Christian_College_Athletics" title="Association of Christian College Athletics">ACCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_Intercollegiate_Athletics_for_Women" title="Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women">AIAW</a> <i>(defunct)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Community_College_Athletic_Association" title="California Community College Athletic Association">CCCAA</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">NAIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Christian_College_Athletic_Association" title="National Christian College Athletic Association">NCCAA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Junior_College_Athletic_Association" title="National Junior College Athletic Association">NJCAA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Athletic_Conference" title="Northwest Athletic Conference">NWAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="United States Collegiate Athletic Association">USCAA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Boxing_Association" title="National Collegiate Boxing Association">Boxing (NCBA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Intercollegiate_Boxing_Association" title="United States Intercollegiate Boxing Association">Boxing (USIBA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_Curling_USA" title="College Curling USA">Curling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Cycling_Association" title="National Collegiate Cycling Association">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Equestrian_Association" title="National Collegiate Equestrian Association">Equestrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercollegiate_Horse_Shows_Association" title="Intercollegiate Horse Shows Association">Horse riding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_Collegiate_Lacrosse_Association" title="Men's Collegiate Lacrosse Association">Lacrosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Pickleball_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="National Collegiate Pickleball Association">Pickleball (NCPA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Intercollegiate_Rodeo_Association" title="National Intercollegiate Rodeo Association">Rodeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Collegiate_Rowing_Association" title="American Collegiate Rowing Association">Rowing (ACRA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercollegiate_Rowing_Association" title="Intercollegiate Rowing Association">Rowing (IRA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Intercollegiate_Rugby_Association" title="National Intercollegiate Rugby Association">Rugby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Intercollegiate_Running_Club_Association" title="National Intercollegiate Running Club Association">Running</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Wrestling_Association" title="National Collegiate Wrestling Association">Wrestling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FISU_World_University_Games" title="FISU World University Games">FISU World University Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Intramural_and_Recreational_Sports_Association" title="National Intramural and Recreational Sports Association">NIRSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_athlete" title="Student athlete">Student athlete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_sports" title="Youth sports">Youth sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q927765#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000087372819">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/126797998">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n90652936">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.codfw.main‐849f99967d‐m9zdp Cached time: 20241123113359 Cache expiry: 649576 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.651 seconds Real time usage: 0.809 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3907/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 121444/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 5689/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 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