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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">William Proxmire</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Proxmire" title="William Proxmire – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="William Proxmire" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="ویلیام پروکسیمایر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویلیام پروکسیمایر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Proxmire" title="William Proxmire – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="William Proxmire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Proxmire" title="William Proxmire – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="William Proxmire" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="ويليام پروكسمير – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ويليام پروكسمير" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Proxmire" title="William Proxmire – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="William Proxmire" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Proxmire" title="William Proxmire – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="William Proxmire" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Proxmire" title="William Proxmire – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="William Proxmire" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li 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class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Bill Proxmire</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:SenatorProxmire.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/SenatorProxmire.jpg/220px-SenatorProxmire.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/SenatorProxmire.jpg/330px-SenatorProxmire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/SenatorProxmire.jpg/440px-SenatorProxmire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2256" data-file-height="2867" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />August 28, 1957 – January 3, 1989</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_McCarthy" title="Joseph McCarthy">Joseph McCarthy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Herb_Kohl" title="Herb Kohl">Herb Kohl</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_State_Assembly" title="Wisconsin State Assembly">Wisconsin State Assembly</a></span><br />from the <a href="/wiki/Dane_County,_Wisconsin" title="Dane County, Wisconsin">Dane County</a> 2nd district</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 10, 1951 – January 13, 1953</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">John M. Blaska</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Ervin M. Bruner</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Edward William Proxmire</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1915-11-11</span>)</span>November 11, 1915<br /><a href="/wiki/Lake_Forest,_Illinois" title="Lake Forest, Illinois">Lake Forest, Illinois</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">December 15, 2005<span style="display:none">(2005-12-15)</span> (aged 90)<br /><a href="/wiki/Sykesville,_Maryland" title="Sykesville, Maryland">Sykesville, Maryland</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Elsie Stillman Rockefeller</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1946; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1955)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Ellen Hodges Sawall</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1956)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">4</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Business_Administration" title="Master of Business Administration">MBA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Public_Administration" title="Master of Public Administration">MPA</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Proxmire_signature.png" class="mw-file-description" title="William Proxmire's signature"><img alt="Cursive signature in ink" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/William_Proxmire_signature.png/128px-William_Proxmire_signature.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/William_Proxmire_signature.png/192px-William_Proxmire_signature.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/William_Proxmire_signature.png/256px-William_Proxmire_signature.png 2x" data-file-width="515" data-file-height="205" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1941–1946</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O2_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O2_insignia.svg/10px-US-O2_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O2_insignia.svg/15px-US-O2_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O2_insignia.svg/20px-US-O2_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/First_lieutenant#U.S._Army,_U.S._Marine_Corps_and_U.S._Air_Force" title="First lieutenant">First Lieutenant</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unit</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Counterintelligence_Corps" title="Counterintelligence Corps">Counterintelligence Corps</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage listen-center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Sen._William_Proxmire_on_Continuing_Television_Coverage_of_the_Senate.ogg" title="File:Sen. William Proxmire on Continuing Television Coverage of the Senate.ogg">William Proxmire's voice</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="359" data-mwtitle="Sen._William_Proxmire_on_Continuing_Television_Coverage_of_the_Senate.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Sen._William_Proxmire_on_Continuing_Television_Coverage_of_the_Senate.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/Sen._William_Proxmire_on_Continuing_Television_Coverage_of_the_Senate.ogg/Sen._William_Proxmire_on_Continuing_Television_Coverage_of_the_Senate.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Proxmire on the risk of increased <a href="/wiki/Demagogue" title="Demagogue">demagoguery</a> with televised coverage of the Senate<br />Recorded July 29, 1986</div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Edward William Proxmire</b> (November 11, 1915 – December 15, 2005) was an American politician. A member of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a>, he served as a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> from 1957 to 1989. He holds the record for being the longest-serving senator from Wisconsin.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Known as a political maverick and an aggressive critic of wasteful government spending, Proxmire invented and awarded the tongue-in-cheek <a href="/wiki/Golden_Fleece_Award" title="Golden Fleece Award">Golden Fleece Award</a> to appropriations he found particularly egregious. He was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Senate_Banking_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Banking Committee">Senate Banking Committee</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Senate_Appropriations_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Appropriations Committee">Senate Appropriations Committee</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Economic_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Economic Committee">Joint Economic Committee</a>. On the Joint Economic Committee, he exposed numerous instances of wasteful spending on military programs such as the <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-5_Galaxy" title="Lockheed C-5 Galaxy">C-5</a> aircraft and the <a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-16_Fighting_Falcon" title="General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon">F-16</a> fighter, as well as other government programs such as the development of a <a href="/wiki/Supersonic_transport" title="Supersonic transport">supersonic transport</a> airplane (SST). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Proxmire&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The son of Dr. Theodore Stanley Proxmire, a Chicago-area surgeon, and Adele (Flanigan) Proxmire, Edward William Proxmire was born in <a href="/wiki/Lake_Forest,_Illinois" title="Lake Forest, Illinois">Lake Forest, Illinois</a>, on November 11, 1915.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He later used "William" rather than "Edward" out of admiration for actor <a href="/wiki/William_S._Hart" title="William S. Hart">William S. Hart</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He graduated from <a href="/wiki/The_Hill_School" title="The Hill School">The Hill School</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Pottstown,_Pennsylvania" title="Pottstown, Pennsylvania">Pottstown, Pennsylvania</a>) in 1933,<sup id="cite_ref-Severo_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Severo-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> in 1938 (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">B.A.</a>), <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Business_School" title="Harvard Business School">Harvard Business School</a> in 1940 (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_business_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Master of business administration">M.B.A.</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Kennedy_School" title="Harvard Kennedy School">Harvard Graduate School of Public Administration</a> in 1948 (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_public_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Master of public administration">M.P.A.</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Severo_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Severo-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While at Yale, Proxmire joined the <a href="/wiki/Chi_Psi" title="Chi Psi">Chi Psi</a> fraternity.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During 1940 and 1941 Proxmire was a student clerk at <a href="/wiki/J.P._Morgan_%26_Co." title="J.P. Morgan & Co.">J.P. Morgan & Co.</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and studied public speaking at <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> he joined the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Private_(rank)#United_States_Army" title="Private (rank)">private</a>, and advanced through the ranks to <a href="/wiki/Master_sergeant#U.S._Army" title="Master sergeant">master sergeant</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Proxmire later received a commission in the <a href="/wiki/Military_Intelligence_Corps_(United_States_Army)" title="Military Intelligence Corps (United States Army)">Military Intelligence</a> branch. Most of his service involved <a href="/wiki/Counterintelligence_Corps" title="Counterintelligence Corps">counterintelligence</a> work in the Chicago area, where members of his unit investigated individuals suspected of <a href="/wiki/Subversion#United_States" title="Subversion">subversive activity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He served from 1941 to 1946,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was discharged as a <a href="/wiki/First_lieutenant#U.S._Army,_U.S._Marine_Corps_and_U.S._Air_Force" title="First lieutenant">first lieutenant</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While in the Army, Proxmire also continued to study public speaking at <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University" title="Northwestern University">Northwestern University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After discharge, he was an executive trainee at J. P. Morgan before returning to Harvard.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After getting his second master's degree while working as a teaching fellow at Harvard, Proxmire moved to <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> to be a reporter for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Capital_Times" title="The Capital Times">The Capital Times</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Madison</a> and to advance his political career in a favorable state. "They fired me after I'd been there seven months, for labor activities and impertinence," he once said.<sup id="cite_ref-Severo_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Severo-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When he ran successfully for the state legislature in 1950, Proxmire was working as the business manager of the <i>Union Labor News</i>, a publication of the Madison Federation of Labor.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wisconsin_State_Assembly">Wisconsin State Assembly</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Proxmire&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Wisconsin State Assembly"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MAGNIFICENT_OLD_TOURING_CAR_CARRIES_U.S._SENATOR_WILLIAM_PROXMIRE_AND_OTHER_OFFICIALS_ALONG_THE_ROUTE_OF_THE_ANNUAL..._-_NARA_-_549570.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/MAGNIFICENT_OLD_TOURING_CAR_CARRIES_U.S._SENATOR_WILLIAM_PROXMIRE_AND_OTHER_OFFICIALS_ALONG_THE_ROUTE_OF_THE_ANNUAL..._-_NARA_-_549570.jpg/220px-MAGNIFICENT_OLD_TOURING_CAR_CARRIES_U.S._SENATOR_WILLIAM_PROXMIRE_AND_OTHER_OFFICIALS_ALONG_THE_ROUTE_OF_THE_ANNUAL..._-_NARA_-_549570.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/MAGNIFICENT_OLD_TOURING_CAR_CARRIES_U.S._SENATOR_WILLIAM_PROXMIRE_AND_OTHER_OFFICIALS_ALONG_THE_ROUTE_OF_THE_ANNUAL..._-_NARA_-_549570.jpg/330px-MAGNIFICENT_OLD_TOURING_CAR_CARRIES_U.S._SENATOR_WILLIAM_PROXMIRE_AND_OTHER_OFFICIALS_ALONG_THE_ROUTE_OF_THE_ANNUAL..._-_NARA_-_549570.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/MAGNIFICENT_OLD_TOURING_CAR_CARRIES_U.S._SENATOR_WILLIAM_PROXMIRE_AND_OTHER_OFFICIALS_ALONG_THE_ROUTE_OF_THE_ANNUAL..._-_NARA_-_549570.jpg/440px-MAGNIFICENT_OLD_TOURING_CAR_CARRIES_U.S._SENATOR_WILLIAM_PROXMIRE_AND_OTHER_OFFICIALS_ALONG_THE_ROUTE_OF_THE_ANNUAL..._-_NARA_-_549570.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2029" /></a><figcaption>William Proxmire taking part in "Old Milwaukee Days" annual parade, photo from September, 1973</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Senator_William_Proxmire,_Alan_Greenspan,_President_Gerald_R._Ford,_Representative_John_Rhodes,_and_Representative_Wright_Patman_at_a_Conference_on_Inflation_at_the_White_House_-_NARA_-_12082617.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Senator_William_Proxmire%2C_Alan_Greenspan%2C_President_Gerald_R._Ford%2C_Representative_John_Rhodes%2C_and_Representative_Wright_Patman_at_a_Conference_on_Inflation_at_the_White_House_-_NARA_-_12082617.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Senator_William_Proxmire%2C_Alan_Greenspan%2C_President_Gerald_R._Ford%2C_Representative_John_Rhodes%2C_and_Representative_Wright_Patman_at_a_Conference_on_Inflation_at_the_White_House_-_NARA_-_12082617.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Senator_William_Proxmire%2C_Alan_Greenspan%2C_President_Gerald_R._Ford%2C_Representative_John_Rhodes%2C_and_Representative_Wright_Patman_at_a_Conference_on_Inflation_at_the_White_House_-_NARA_-_12082617.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2411" /></a><figcaption>Proxmire, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Greenspan" title="Alan Greenspan">Alan Greenspan</a>, President <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Jacob_Rhodes" title="John Jacob Rhodes">John Rhodes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wright_Patman" title="Wright Patman">Wright Patman</a> at a conference on inflation at the White House, September 1974</figcaption></figure> <p>Proxmire served as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_State_Assembly" title="Wisconsin State Assembly">Wisconsin State Assembly</a> from 1951 to 1953.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his Assembly service, Proxmire was one of few members who maintained a perfect attendance record, a trait that he later continued in the U.S. Senate.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While in the Assembly, he was employed as president of Artcraft Press of <a href="/wiki/Waterloo,_Wisconsin" title="Waterloo, Wisconsin">Waterloo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Proxmire was an unsuccessful candidate for <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Wisconsin" title="Governor of Wisconsin">Governor of Wisconsin</a> in <a href="/wiki/1952_Wisconsin_gubernatorial_election" title="1952 Wisconsin gubernatorial election">1952</a>, <a href="/wiki/1954_Wisconsin_gubernatorial_election" title="1954 Wisconsin gubernatorial election">1954</a> and <a href="/wiki/1956_Wisconsin_gubernatorial_election" title="1956 Wisconsin gubernatorial election">1956</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="U.S._Senator">U.S. Senator</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Proxmire&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: U.S. Senator"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In August 1957, Proxmire won the special election to fill the remainder of the U.S. Senate term vacated by the May 2, 1957 death of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_McCarthy" title="Joseph McCarthy">Joseph McCarthy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After assuming his seat, Proxmire did not pay the customary tribute to his predecessor and stated instead that McCarthy was a "disgrace to Wisconsin, to the Senate, and to America."<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Proxmire was reelected in 1958,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1964, 1970, 1976 and 1982; all but his 1964 win<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were by wide margins, including 71 percent of the vote in 1970,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 73 percent in 1976<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 65 percent in 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In both of his last two campaigns, Proxmire refused contributions and spent less than $200 out of his own pocket, which covered the expenses related to filing re-election paperwork, and he mailed back unsolicited contributions. He was an early advocate of <a href="/wiki/Campaign_finance_reform_in_the_United_States" title="Campaign finance reform in the United States">campaign finance reform</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gershman_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gershman-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout his Senate career, Proxmire also refused to accept reimbursements for travel expenses related to his official duties.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Proxmire,_RIT_NandE_Vol20Num10_1989_Feb2_Complete.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/William_Proxmire%2C_RIT_NandE_Vol20Num10_1989_Feb2_Complete.jpg/220px-William_Proxmire%2C_RIT_NandE_Vol20Num10_1989_Feb2_Complete.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/William_Proxmire%2C_RIT_NandE_Vol20Num10_1989_Feb2_Complete.jpg/330px-William_Proxmire%2C_RIT_NandE_Vol20Num10_1989_Feb2_Complete.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/William_Proxmire%2C_RIT_NandE_Vol20Num10_1989_Feb2_Complete.jpg/440px-William_Proxmire%2C_RIT_NandE_Vol20Num10_1989_Feb2_Complete.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1373" data-file-height="941" /></a><figcaption>Proxmire in his later years</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barasch_Proxmire.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Barasch_Proxmire.png/220px-Barasch_Proxmire.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Barasch_Proxmire.png/330px-Barasch_Proxmire.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Barasch_Proxmire.png/440px-Barasch_Proxmire.png 2x" data-file-width="932" data-file-height="734" /></a><figcaption>George Barasch, Congressman Herbert Tenzer, State Senator Simon Leibowitz, and Senator William Proxmire (left to right), 1966</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CAC_CC_001_18_33_0000_3260.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/CAC_CC_001_18_33_0000_3260.jpg/220px-CAC_CC_001_18_33_0000_3260.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/CAC_CC_001_18_33_0000_3260.jpg/330px-CAC_CC_001_18_33_0000_3260.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/CAC_CC_001_18_33_0000_3260.jpg/440px-CAC_CC_001_18_33_0000_3260.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5076" data-file-height="3940" /></a><figcaption>Proxmire at the Democratic leadership conference, date unknown</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consecutive_roll_call_votes">Consecutive roll call votes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Proxmire&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Consecutive roll call votes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Proxmire holds the U.S. Senate record for consecutive roll call votes cast: 10,252 between April 20, 1966, and October 18, 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-Gershman_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gershman-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In doing so, he surpassed the previous record of 2,941, which was held by Senator <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Chase_Smith" title="Margaret Chase Smith">Margaret Chase Smith</a> of Maine.<sup id="cite_ref-Franklin_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Franklin-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2016, <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">Chuck Grassley</a> broke Proxmire's record for longest amount of time between missed votes, but during his time without missing a roll call, Grassley had cast about 3,000 fewer votes than Proxmire.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Committee_memberships">Committee memberships</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Proxmire&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Committee memberships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Proxmire served as the chair of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Banking,_Housing,_and_Urban_Affairs" title="United States Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs">Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs</a> from 1975 to 1981 and again from 1987 to 1989. During his first tenure in this position, Proxmire was instrumental in devising the financial plan that saved New York City from bankruptcy in 1976–77.<sup id="cite_ref-Severo_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Severo-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Proxmire's subcommittee memberships included <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Banking_Subcommittee_on_Financial_Institutions_and_Consumer_Protection" title="United States Senate Banking Subcommittee on Financial Institutions and Consumer Protection">Financial Institutions</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Banking_Subcommittee_on_Housing,_Transportation,_and_Community_Development" title="United States Senate Banking Subcommittee on Housing, Transportation, and Community Development">Housing and Urban Affairs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Banking_Subcommittee_on_National_Security_and_International_Trade_and_Finance" title="United States Senate Banking Subcommittee on National Security and International Trade and Finance">International Finance and Monetary Policy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to his work on the Banking Committee, Proxmire rose through seniority to become a high-ranking member of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Appropriations" title="United States Senate Committee on Appropriations">Appropriations Committee</a> and was active on several subcommittees, including <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Appropriations_Subcommittee_on_Defense" title="United States Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Defense">Defense</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Appropriations_Subcommittee_on_Transportation,_Housing_and_Urban_Development,_and_Related_Agencies" title="United States Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies">Housing and Urban Development</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Appropriations_Subcommittee_on_Labor,_Health_and_Human_Services,_Education,_and_Related_Agencies" title="United States Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies">Labor, Health and Human Services, and Related Agencies</a>, and Postal Service and Related Agencies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Senate_Committees,_97th_Congress,_First_Session"_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Senate_Committees,_97th_Congress,_First_Session"-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Issues_and_legislation">Issues and legislation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Proxmire&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Issues and legislation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In October 1961, Proxmire issued a statement opposing a planned $22 million renovation of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Capitol" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Capitol">U.S. Capitol</a> by arguing that a "large part of the space created by the extension" would be used "to house private hideaway offices" for 23 senators.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Proxmire continued to oppose the renovation, and the debate continued until the project was completed in the early 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 1964, Proxmire charged that political concerns, not national defense needs, were keeping too many naval shipyards open, which resulted in a waste of federal funds: "On the basis of every statistical study, both by the Navy and independent groups, private shipyards can build, repair or modernize five ships for the same number of dollars needed to turn out four ships in navy shipyards." Proxmire unsuccessfully favored proposals that awarded contracts to the lowest bidder to save money and close unneeded facilities, and he pointed out that "the advantages of this free enterprise approach" had been recognized by <a href="/wiki/Robert_McNamara" title="Robert McNamara">Robert McNamara</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a> and a former corporate chief executive officer.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1967 to 1986, Proxmire gave daily speeches noting the necessity of ratifying the <a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Prevention_and_Punishment_of_the_Crime_of_Genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide">Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide</a>. He gave that speech every day that the Senate was in session for 20 years, for a total of 3,211 times. On February 11, 1986 the U.S. Senate ratified the convention.<sup id="cite_ref-Severo_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Severo-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 1969, Proxmire introduced legislation that would have regulated the credit life and disability insurance industries. He declared that Americans were being overcharged $220 million a year.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Proxmire was an early and outspoken critic of the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> and frequently criticized Presidents <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyndon Johnson">Lyndon Johnson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gershman_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gershman-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the Senate Armed Services Committee, he exposed wasteful military spending and was instrumental in blocking military <a href="/wiki/Pork_barrel" title="Pork barrel">pork barrel</a> projects.<sup id="cite_ref-Gershman_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gershman-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite his support of budgetary restraint, he regularly sided with dairy interests and supported dairy <a href="/wiki/Price_supports" class="mw-redirect" title="Price supports">price supports</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Proxmire was head of the campaign to cancel the American <a href="/wiki/Supersonic_transport" title="Supersonic transport">supersonic transport</a> and particularly opposed to <a href="/wiki/Space_exploration" title="Space exploration">space exploration</a> and ultimately to eliminate spending on such research from <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>'s budget.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response to a segment about space colonies run by the <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> program <i><a href="/wiki/60_Minutes" title="60 Minutes">60 Minutes</a></i>, Proxmire stated that; "it's the best argument yet for chopping NASA's funding to the bone.... I say not a penny for this nutty fantasy."<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Proxmire introduced an amendment into the 1982 NASA budget that effectively terminated NASA's nascent SETI efforts before a similar amendment to the 1994 budget, by Senator <a href="/wiki/Richard_Bryan" title="Richard Bryan">Richard Bryan</a>, terminated NASA's SETI efforts for good.<sup id="cite_ref-Shuch_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shuch-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With those positions, Proxmire drew the enmity of many <a href="/wiki/Space_advocacy" title="Space advocacy">space advocates</a> and <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_fandom" title="Science fiction fandom">science fiction fandom</a>. <a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke" title="Arthur C. Clarke">Arthur C. Clarke</a> attacked Proxmire in his short story "<a href="/wiki/Death_and_the_Senator" title="Death and the Senator">Death and the Senator</a>" (1960) <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="All possible sources I can find are blogs and forum posts (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. Later, the short story "<a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_William_Proxmire" title="The Return of William Proxmire">The Return of William Proxmire</a>" (1989) by <a href="/wiki/Larry_Niven" title="Larry Niven">Larry Niven</a><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the novel <i><a href="/wiki/Fallen_Angels_(science_fiction_novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fallen Angels (science fiction novel)">Fallen Angels</a></i> (1991)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="All possible sources I can find are blogs and forum posts (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, written by Niven, <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Pournelle" title="Jerry Pournelle">Jerry Pournelle</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Michael_F._Flynn" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael F. Flynn">Michael F. Flynn</a>, were directed against the senator. </p><p>In May 1971, Proxmire charged the <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> with violating federal law by authorizing residues of a cancer‐inducing hormone to come into contact with consumers, asserted the move to be in violation of the Delaney amendment in the <a href="/wiki/Food_Additives_Amendment_of_1958" title="Food Additives Amendment of 1958">Food Additives Amendment of 1958</a>, and called for an immediate ban on <a href="/wiki/Diethylstilbestrol" title="Diethylstilbestrol">Diethylstilbestrol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 1971, Proxmire asserted the safety margin of the C‐5A cargo plane was threatened in spite of doubling costs and charged the <a href="/wiki/US_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="US Air Force">US Air Force</a> with not disclosing information on the costs to Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1972, Proxmire urged the Air Force to recall <a href="/wiki/General_(United_States)" title="General (United States)">General</a> <a href="/wiki/John_D._Lavelle" title="John D. Lavelle">John D. Lavelle</a> to active duty for the purpose of <a href="/wiki/Court-martial" title="Court-martial">court-martial</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Time_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lavelle had been forced to retire as a <a href="/wiki/Major_general_(United_States)" title="Major general (United States)">major general</a> due to alleged misconduct concerning <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> bombing missions while he served as commander of Seventh Air Force.<sup id="cite_ref-AFmil_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AFmil-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lavelle was not recalled or court-martialed, and in 2007, newly-declassified and released information exonerated Lavelle by showing that President <a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Nixon" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard M. Nixon">Richard M. Nixon</a> had authorized the bombing missions.<sup id="cite_ref-AFmil_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AFmil-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 1973, after Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Elliot_Richardson" title="Elliot Richardson">Elliot Richardson</a> resigned, and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bork" title="Robert Bork">Robert Bork</a> took over as Acting Attorney General,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Proxmire wrote in a letter that Bork was serving illegally as Acting Attorney General since 30 days had passed with him being in office and not having a confirmation by the Senate. He said that any actions taken by Bork in the period after the 39 had passed could be met by challenge, and he called on President Nixon to rectify the situation. Assistant Attorney General Robert G. Dixon Jr. disputed Proxmire's claim by saying that similar occurrences of Acting Attorneys General that went over 30 days without Senate confirmations had happened six times earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 1977, Proxmire was one of five Democrats to vote against <a href="/wiki/Griffin_Bell" title="Griffin Bell">Griffin Bell</a>, President <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a>'s nominee for <a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">United States Attorney General</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 1978, Carter wrote Proxmire on the responsibilities of New York City denizens in his plan to have the city avoid bankruptcy.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April, after New York Senators <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan" title="Daniel Patrick Moynihan">Daniel Patrick Moynihan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Javits" title="Jacob Javits">Jacob Javits</a> introduced a <a href="/wiki/Carter_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Carter administration">Carter administration</a> bill that would provide New York City with $2 billion in loan guarantees, Javits stated that he did not believe Proxmire would try killing the measure by bottling it up in committee.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May, Proxmire announced his willingness to hold hearings on continued federal aid to New York City prior to municipal labor unions having their contracts negotiated and that the Senate Banking Committee would wait as long as possible to secure information on the labor settlement's impact. Proxmire stated it was not aware of when the labor contracts would reach a settlement, and the potentially-years-long process could prevent the Senate Banking Committee from taking any action.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> June 1978 had four days of scheduled hearings by the Senate Banking Committee on continued federal aid to New York City. After the June 6 hearing, Proxmire stated he had maintained an open mind in spite of leaning toward opposition, a shift from his prior position of unwavering disagreement with continued aid and that he was not against a favorable vote on the legislation by the Banking Committee that would authorize the remainder of the Senate to consider the subject. He admitted that the committee was split in the opinions of its members.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Days afterward, Proxmire told reporters that the labor bill's continued filibuster made the chances of the Senate acting on the legislation by the end of the month unlikely since unanimous consent was required to end the filibuster.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later that month, along with Texas Republican <a href="/wiki/John_Tower" title="John Tower">John Tower</a> and Utah Republican <a href="/wiki/Jake_Garn" title="Jake Garn">Jake Garn</a>, Proxmire was one of the three senators voting against reporting out the bill authorizing $1.5 billion of long‐term loan guarantees for New York City. Proxmire added that he believed that the measure would pass through the Senate in a similar manner to the panel vote.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 1978, after President Carter nominated <a href="/wiki/G._William_Miller" title="G. William Miller">G. William Miller</a> for <a href="/wiki/Chair_of_the_Federal_Reserve" title="Chair of the Federal Reserve">Chair of the Federal Reserve</a>, Proxmire was noted to be a reliable source of contention but predicted from the start of his confirmation process that Miller would meet little opposition.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the end of the month, eleven members of the Senate Banking Committee pressed for a confirmation of Miller as Federal Reserve Chair, a motion that Proxmire rejected while he was scheduling the vote for another day, and he admitted that the nomination would be easily confirmed by the panel and the full chamber.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On March 2, Proxmire cast the sole dissenting vote against the Miller nomination and called him unqualified for the office since he was without experience in economic or monetary affairs. Proxmire acknowledged Miller's business success and was joined by ranking Republican, <a href="/wiki/Edward_W._Brooke" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward W. Brooke">Edward W. Brooke</a>, in indicating that the Carter administration had influenced members of the panel to hasten the confirmation process.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Miller was later nominated as <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a> in August 1979, Proxmire was once again the only senator to oppose confirmation. He claimed to base his vote on Miller's "unwillingness to open a full-scale investigation of allegations that <a href="/wiki/Textron" title="Textron">Textron</a>, the company he once headed, paid bribes to numerous foreign officials while Mr. Miller was in charge." Proxmire acknowledged a lack of evidence to show that Miller had been personally involved in bribes.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 1978, Proxmire said that the Navy and the Air Force had spent "at least $42,000 in the last year transporting 3,500 local community leaders to 31 military bases to lobby for military programs" and labeled the trips an example of local citizens being lobbied for military programs. Proxmire added that the trips had included the Air Force favoring production of the B‐1 bomber and gave an estimate cost of 42,000, as the Air Force had turned down on specifying the price.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 1979, Proxmire sent a letter to <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a> <a href="/wiki/W._Michael_Blumenthal" title="W. Michael Blumenthal">W. Michael Blumenthal</a> to call on the Treasury Department to withhold federal loan guarantees from New York City until incumbent <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of New York">Mayor</a> <a href="/wiki/Ed_Koch" title="Ed Koch">Ed Koch</a> agreed to larger cuts in the budget for the following year. He charged the budgetary assumptions of the city as being too reliant on federal aid increases.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March, Proxmire sent a letter to Federal Reserve Chair Miller on his reservations on the establishment of a free trade zone to allow international banking activity in New York City and advocated for the proposal to be first submitted to Congress, as opposed to unilateral regulatory action.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 1979, Proxmire wrote head of the General Accounting Office Elmer B. Staats to request the GAO to investigate claims that the Department of Housing and Urban Development had authorized the P.I. Properties to steal funds from the federal government and low income tenants. The same day, Proxmire delivered a speech on the Senate floor that condemned the failure of the Housing and Urban Development Department to act on recommendation from staff members to terminate funding for the P.I. Properties' 285-unit project at 14th and Clifton Streets in Washington, DC.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Golden_Fleece_Award">Golden Fleece Award</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Proxmire&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Golden Fleece Award"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Golden_Fleece_Award" title="Golden Fleece Award">Golden Fleece Award</a></div> <p>Proxmire was noted for issuing his <a href="/wiki/Golden_Fleece_Award" title="Golden Fleece Award">Golden Fleece Award</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Gershman_26-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gershman-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was presented monthly between 1975 and 1988 to focus media attention on projects that he viewed as self-serving and wasteful of taxpayer dollars.<sup id="cite_ref-Severo_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Severo-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Winners of the Golden Fleece Award included governmental organizations like the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">United States Department of Defense</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Land_Management" title="Bureau of Land Management">Bureau of Land Management</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first Golden Fleece Award was awarded in 1975 to the <a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a> for funding an $84,000 study on why people fall in love.<sup id="cite_ref-Severo_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Severo-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other Golden Fleece awards over the years were awarded to the Justice Department for conducting a study on why prisoners wanted to get out of jail, the <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Mental_Health" title="National Institute of Mental Health">National Institute of Mental Health</a> to study a <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peruvian</a> brothel ("The researchers said they made repeated visits in the interests of accuracy," reported <i>The New York Times</i>), and the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">Federal Aviation Administration</a> for studying "the physical measurements of 432 airline stewardesses, paying special attention to the 'length of the buttocks.'"<sup id="cite_ref-Severo_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Severo-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Proxmire's critics said that some of his Golden Fleece awards went to basic science projects that led to important breakthroughs. In some circles, his name has become a verb for unfairly obstructing scientific research for political gain, as in "the project has been proxmired."<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1987, <a href="/wiki/Stewart_Brand" title="Stewart Brand">Stewart Brand</a> accused Proxmire of recklessly attacking legitimate research for the crass purpose of furthering his own political career, with gross indifference as to whether his assertions were true or false as well as the long-term effects on American science and technology policy.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Proxmire later apologized for several canceled projects, including <a href="/wiki/SETI" class="mw-redirect" title="SETI">SETI</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is widely but incorrectly believed that Proxmire gave the award to Edward F. Knipling for his study of the sex life of the <a href="/wiki/Cochliomyia" title="Cochliomyia">screwworm fly</a>, the results of which were used to create sterile screwworms that were released into the wild and eliminated this major cattle parasite from North and Central America, which reduced the cost of beef and dairy products across the globe.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In fact, there is no evidence for this claim in the Proxmire papers held by the Wisconsin Historical Society.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">United States Department of Agriculture</a> funded research on the sex life of the screwworm fly took place in the 1930s to the 1950s,<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> long before the Golden Fleece era of the 1970s and 1980s, when Proxmire largely targeted contemporary research.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One winner of the Golden Fleece Award, Ronald Hutchinson, sued Proxmire for <a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">defamation</a> in 1976. Proxmire claimed that his statements about Hutchinson's research were protected by the <a href="/wiki/Speech_or_Debate_Clause" title="Speech or Debate Clause">Speech or Debate Clause</a> of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Constitution">U.S. Constitution</a>. The <a href="/wiki/U.S._Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Supreme Court">U.S. Supreme Court</a> ruled that that clause does not immunize members of Congress from liability for defamatory statements made outside of formal congressional proceedings (<i><a href="/wiki/Hutchinson_v._Proxmire" title="Hutchinson v. Proxmire">Hutchinson v. Proxmire</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_443" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 443">443</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/443/111/">111</a> (1979)). The case was eventually settled out of court.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Proxmire&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grave_of_Edward_William_Proxmire_(1915%E2%80%932005)_at_Lake_Forest_Cemetery,_Illinois.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Grave_of_Edward_William_Proxmire_%281915%E2%80%932005%29_at_Lake_Forest_Cemetery%2C_Illinois.jpg/200px-Grave_of_Edward_William_Proxmire_%281915%E2%80%932005%29_at_Lake_Forest_Cemetery%2C_Illinois.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Grave_of_Edward_William_Proxmire_%281915%E2%80%932005%29_at_Lake_Forest_Cemetery%2C_Illinois.jpg/300px-Grave_of_Edward_William_Proxmire_%281915%E2%80%932005%29_at_Lake_Forest_Cemetery%2C_Illinois.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Grave_of_Edward_William_Proxmire_%281915%E2%80%932005%29_at_Lake_Forest_Cemetery%2C_Illinois.jpg/400px-Grave_of_Edward_William_Proxmire_%281915%E2%80%932005%29_at_Lake_Forest_Cemetery%2C_Illinois.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2849" data-file-height="3493" /></a><figcaption>Proxmire's grave at Lake Forest Cemetery</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1946, Proxmire married Elsie Stillman Rockefeller, a great-granddaughter of <a href="/wiki/William_Rockefeller" class="mw-redirect" title="William Rockefeller">William Rockefeller</a>, brother and partner of oil magnate <a href="/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller" title="John D. Rockefeller">John D. Rockefeller</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Severo_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Severo-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had two children, a son, Theodore, and a daughter, Elsie Stillman (Proxmire) Zwerner.<sup id="cite_ref-Severo_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Severo-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elsie Proxmire received an uncontested divorce in 1955.<sup id="cite_ref-Severo_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Severo-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1956, Proxmire married Ellen Imogene Hodges Sawall, who brought two children of her own to the marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-Weil_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weil-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Together, the couple had two sons, one of whom died in infancy.<sup id="cite_ref-Weil_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weil-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Proxmire was the first United States Senator to get <a href="/wiki/Hair_transplantation" title="Hair transplantation">hair transplants</a> for his <a href="/wiki/Pattern_hair_loss" title="Pattern hair loss">pattern hair loss</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The treatment he was receiving for a couple of months began on February 22, 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His 1972 <a href="/wiki/Tax_return_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tax return (United States)">tax return</a> which was published in the <i><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Record" title="Congressional Record">Congressional Record</a></i> revealed that he paid $2,758 for his hair transplant and claimed the operation as a medical expense.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Known for his devotion to personal fitness, which included <a href="/wiki/Jogging" title="Jogging">jogging</a> and <a href="/wiki/Push-up" title="Push-up">push-ups</a>, Proxmire earned the moniker "Push Up".<sup id="cite_ref-Severo_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Severo-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1973, he published a book about staying in shape, entitled <i>You Can Do It: Senator Proxmire's Exercise, Diet and Relaxation Plan</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After leaving Congress, Proxmire had an office in the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Severo_4-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Severo-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1998, Proxmire announced that he had been diagnosed with <a href="/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease" title="Alzheimer's disease">Alzheimer's disease</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died on December 15, 2005, aged 90, at a nursing home in <a href="/wiki/Sykesville,_Maryland" title="Sykesville, Maryland">Sykesville, Maryland</a>, where he had lived for more than four years.<sup id="cite_ref-Severo_4-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Severo-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was buried at <a href="/wiki/Lake_Forest_Cemetery" title="Lake Forest Cemetery">Lake Forest Cemetery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lake_Forest,_Illinois" title="Lake Forest, Illinois">Lake Forest, Illinois</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Written_works">Written works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Proxmire&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Written works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Can Small Business Survive?</i> <a href="/wiki/Regnery_Publishing" title="Regnery Publishing">H. Regnery Co.</a>, 1964; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-405-11477-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-405-11477-X">0-405-11477-X</a></li> <li>(with Paul H. Douglas) <i>Report from Wasteland; America's Military-Industrial Complex</i>. <a href="/wiki/Praeger_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Praeger Publishing">Praeger Publishing</a>, 1970</li> <li><i>Uncle Sam – The Last of the Bigtime Spenders</i>. Simon & Schuster, 1972; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-671-21432-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-671-21432-2">0-671-21432-2</a></li> <li><i>You Can Do It!: Senator Proxmire's Exercise, Diet and Relaxation Plan</i>. <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>, 1973; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-671-21576-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-671-21576-0">0-671-21576-0</a></li> <li><i>Can Congress Control Spending?</i> <a href="/wiki/American_Enterprise_Institute_for_Public_Policy_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research">American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research</a>, Washington DC, 1973; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8447-2039-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8447-2039-9">0-8447-2039-9</a></li> <li><i>The Fleecing of America</i>. <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin Company">Houghton Mifflin Company</a>, 1980; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-395-29133-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-395-29133-X">0-395-29133-X</a></li> <li><i>Your Joy Ride to Health</i>. Proxmire Publishing Co. 1994; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9637988-2-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-9637988-2-0">0-9637988-2-0</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Proxmire&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advocacy_group" title="Advocacy group">Advocacy group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Agricultural policy of the United States">Agricultural policy of the United States</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Proxmire&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker2016" class="citation news cs1">Walker, Don (December 12, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.jsonline.com/news/statepolitics/kohl-makes-farewell-address-to-senate-si8173c-183420931.html">"Kohl makes farewell address to Senate"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_Journal_Sentinel" title="Milwaukee Journal Sentinel">Milwaukee Journal Sentinel</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 19,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Milwaukee+Journal+Sentinel&rft.atitle=Kohl+makes+farewell+address+to+Senate&rft.date=2016-12-12&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Don&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.jsonline.com%2Fnews%2Fstatepolitics%2Fkohl-makes-farewell-address-to-senate-si8173c-183420931.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Proxmire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbers1971" class="citation news cs1">Herbers, John (April 4, 1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1971/04/04/archives/what-makes-proxmire-run-as-he-does-literally-every-morning-from.html">"What Makes Proxmire Run"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Magazine" title="The New York Times Magazine">The New York Times Magazine</a></i>. New York, NY. p. 28 – via <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times#TimesMachine" title="The New York Times">TimesMachine</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times+Magazine&rft.atitle=What+Makes+Proxmire+Run&rft.pages=28&rft.date=1971-04-04&rft.aulast=Herbers&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1971%2F04%2F04%2Farchives%2Fwhat-makes-proxmire-run-as-he-does-literally-every-morning-from.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Proxmire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSykes1972" class="citation book cs1">Sykes, Jay G. (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_g13AAAAMAAJ&q=%22After+he+saw+Hart+in+a+silent+western+classic+in+1921%2C+Edward+William+Proxmire%2C+age+6%2C%22"><i>Proxmire</i></a>. Washington, DC: R. B. Luce. p. 15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Proxmire&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=R.+B.+Luce&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Sykes&rft.aufirst=Jay+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_g13AAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522After%2Bhe%2Bsaw%2BHart%2Bin%2Ba%2Bsilent%2Bwestern%2Bclassic%2Bin%2B1921%252C%2BEdward%2BWilliam%2BProxmire%252C%2Bage%2B6%252C%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Proxmire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Severo-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Severo_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Severo_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Severo_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Severo_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Severo_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Severo_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Severo_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Severo_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Severo_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Severo_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Severo_4-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Severo_4-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Severo_4-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Severo_4-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Severo, Richard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/16/national/16proxmire.html">"William Proxmire, Maverick Democratic Senator From Wisconsin, Is Dead at 90"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, December 16, 2005. Accessed October 31, 2007. "The family was well-to-do, and he was sent to The Hill School in Pottstown, Pa., and then to Yale, where he was an English major."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSykes1972" class="citation book cs1">Sykes, Jay G. (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_g13AAAAMAAJ&q=%22proxmire%22+%22chi+psi%22"><i>Proxmire</i></a>. Washington, DC: R. B. Luce. p. 23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Proxmire&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=R.+B.+Luce&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Sykes&rft.aufirst=Jay+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_g13AAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522proxmire%2522%2B%2522chi%2Bpsi%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Proxmire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDorfman1974" class="citation magazine cs1">Dorfman, Dan (July 15, 1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hukCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA10">"The Bottom Line: Proxmire vs. Banks"</a>. <i>New York Magazine</i>. New York, NY: NYM Corporation. p. 10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Bottom+Line%3A+Proxmire+vs.+Banks&rft.pages=10&rft.date=1974-07-15&rft.aulast=Dorfman&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhukCAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Proxmire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=L5c3AAAAMAAJ&q=%22studied+public+speaking+at+columbia+university%22"><i>Current Biography Yearbook</i></a>. Vol. 19. Bronx, NY: H. W. Wilson Company. 1958. p. 29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Current+Biography+Yearbook&rft.place=Bronx%2C+NY&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=H.+W.+Wilson+Company&rft.date=1958&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DL5c3AAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522studied%2Bpublic%2Bspeaking%2Bat%2Bcolumbia%2Buniversity%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Proxmire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTucker2011" class="citation book cs1">Tucker, Spencer C. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qh5lffww-KsC&pg=PA942"><i>The Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War</i></a>. Vol. I. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. p. 942. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-960-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-960-3"><bdi>978-1-85109-960-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+the+Vietnam+War&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+CA&rft.pages=942&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-85109-960-3&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=Spencer+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dqh5lffww-KsC%26pg%3DPA942&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Proxmire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoritz1979" class="citation book cs1">Moritz, Charles (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h5IYAAAAIAAJ&q=%22Assigned+to+the+counterintelligence+corps+and+the+military+intelligence+service%2C+he+spent+his+entire+tour+of+duty+in+the+United+States%2C+much+of+it+in+the+Chicago+area.%22"><i>Current Biography Yearbook</i></a>. Bronx, NY: H. W. Wilson Co. p. 333.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Current+Biography+Yearbook&rft.place=Bronx%2C+NY&rft.pages=333&rft.pub=H.+W.+Wilson+Co.&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Moritz&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh5IYAAAAIAAJ%26q%3D%2522Assigned%2Bto%2Bthe%2Bcounterintelligence%2Bcorps%2Band%2Bthe%2Bmilitary%2Bintelligence%2Bservice%252C%2Bhe%2Bspent%2Bhis%2Bentire%2Btour%2Bof%2Bduty%2Bin%2Bthe%2BUnited%2BStates%252C%2Bmuch%2Bof%2Bit%2Bin%2Bthe%2BChicago%2Barea.%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Proxmire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWisconsin_Legislative_Reference_Bureau1971" class="citation book cs1">Wisconsin Legislative Reference Bureau (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9mAkAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA12"><i>State of Wisconsin Blue Book</i></a>. Madison, WI: Document Sales. p. 12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=State+of+Wisconsin+Blue+Book&rft.place=Madison%2C+WI&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Document+Sales&rft.date=1971&rft.au=Wisconsin+Legislative+Reference+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9mAkAQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Proxmire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBartrop2012" class="citation book cs1">Bartrop, Paul Robert (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BleF7tl_rbUC&pg=PA265"><i>A Biographical Encyclopedia of Contemporary Genocide: Portraits of Evil and Good</i></a>. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. p. 265. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-38678-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-38678-7"><bdi>978-0-313-38678-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Biographical+Encyclopedia+of+Contemporary+Genocide%3A+Portraits+of+Evil+and+Good&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+CA&rft.pages=265&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-313-38678-7&rft.aulast=Bartrop&rft.aufirst=Paul+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBleF7tl_rbUC%26pg%3DPA265&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Proxmire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSykes1972" class="citation book cs1">Sykes, Jay G. 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Associated Press. May 11, 1950. p. 13 – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Racine+Journal-Times&rft.atitle=Wisconsin+News+Notes%3A+Madison+-+William+Proxmire&rft.pages=13&rft.date=1950-05-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F334309791%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Proxmire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wisconsin Legislative Reference Library. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/WI/WI-idx?type=goto&id=WI.WIBlueBk1952&page=43&isize=L">The Wisconsin Blue Book 1952</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 28,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=L-5+News&rft.atitle=Letters+to+L-5&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1978-03&rft.aulast=Proxmire&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nss.org%2Fsettlement%2FL5news%2FL5news%2FL5news7803.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Proxmire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLovell1977" class="citation journal cs1">Lovell, Robert (November 1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nss.org/settlement/L5news/L5news/L5news7711.pdf">"Letters to L-5"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>L-5 News</i>. <b>2</b> (11): 1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 26,</span> 2008</span>. <q>It's the best argument yet for chopping NASA's funding to the bone. As Chairman of the Senate Subcommittee responsible for NASA's appropriations, I say not a penny for this nutty fantasy...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=L-5+News&rft.atitle=Letters+to+L-5&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1977-11&rft.aulast=Lovell&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nss.org%2Fsettlement%2FL5news%2FL5news%2FL5news7711.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Proxmire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shuch-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shuch_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFH._Paul_Shuch2011" class="citation book cs1">H. Paul Shuch, ed. 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August 4, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 31,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AF.mil&rft.atitle=Biography%2C+Major+General+John+Daniel+Lavelle&rft.date=2010-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.af.mil%2FAbout-Us%2FBiographies%2FDisplay%2FArticle%2F106469%2Fmajor-general-john-daniel-lavelle%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Proxmire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1973/11/15/archives/coxs-ouster-ruled-illegal-no-reinstatement-ordered-dismissal-of-cox.html">"Cox's Ouster Ruled Illegal, No Reinstatement Ordered"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. November 15, 1973.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Cox%27s+Ouster+Ruled+Illegal%2C+No+Reinstatement+Ordered&rft.date=1973-11-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1973%2F11%2F15%2Farchives%2Fcoxs-ouster-ruled-illegal-no-reinstatement-ordered-dismissal-of-cox.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Proxmire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stanforddailyarchive.com/cgi-bin/stanford?a=d&d=stanford19731115-01.2.2&e=-------en-20--21--txt-txIN-student+army+training+corps------#">"Cox Firing Ruled Illegal By U.S. District Judge"</a>. The Stanford Daily. November 15, 1973.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Cox+Firing+Ruled+Illegal+By+U.S.+District+Judge&rft.date=1973-11-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstanforddailyarchive.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Fstanford%3Fa%3Dd%26d%3Dstanford19731115-01.2.2%26e%3D-------en-20--21--txt-txIN-student%2Barmy%2Btraining%2Bcorps------%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Proxmire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1973/11/24/archives/proxmire-tells-nixon-that-bork-is-serving-illegally-2-other.html">"Proxmire Tells Nixon That Bork Is Serving Illegally"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. November 24, 1973.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Proxmire+Tells+Nixon+That+Bork+Is+Serving+Illegally&rft.date=1973-11-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1973%2F11%2F24%2Farchives%2Fproxmire-tells-nixon-that-bork-is-serving-illegally-2-other.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Proxmire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1977/01/26/archives/senate-rollcall-vote-approving-bell-7521.html">"Senate Roll‐Call Vote Approving Bell, 75‐21"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. January 26, 1977.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Senate+Roll%E2%80%90Call+Vote+Approving+Bell%2C+75%E2%80%9021&rft.date=1977-01-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1977%2F01%2F26%2Farchives%2Fsenate-rollcall-vote-approving-bell-7521.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Proxmire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1978/01/19/archives/carter-calls-for-help-to-new-york-by-local-parties-hearings-held-in.html">"Carter Calls for Help to New York by 'Local Parties'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. January 19, 1978.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Carter+Calls+for+Help+to+New+York+by+%27Local+Parties%27&rft.date=1978-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1978%2F01%2F19%2Farchives%2Fcarter-calls-for-help-to-new-york-by-local-parties-hearings-held-in.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Proxmire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1978/04/13/archives/two-new-york-senators-introduce-cityaid-bill.html">"Two New York Senators Introduce City-Aid Bill"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. April 13, 1978.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Two+New+York+Senators+Introduce+City-Aid+Bill&rft.date=1978-04-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1978%2F04%2F13%2Farchives%2Ftwo-new-york-senators-introduce-cityaid-bill.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Proxmire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1978/05/10/archives/proxmire-is-ready-for-loan-hearings-chairman-of-banking-committee.html">"Proxmire Is Ready For Loan Hearings"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. May 10, 1978.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Proxmire+Is+Ready+For+Loan+Hearings&rft.date=1978-05-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1978%2F05%2F10%2Farchives%2Fproxmire-is-ready-for-loan-hearings-chairman-of-banking-committee.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Proxmire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1978/06/07/proxmire-softens-anti-new-york-stance/2116667d-6667-4c3e-bc22-373c90721bd2/">"Proxmire Softens Anti-New York Stance"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i>. June 7, 1978.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Proxmire+Softens+Anti-New+York+Stance&rft.date=1978-06-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fbusiness%2F1978%2F06%2F07%2Fproxmire-softens-anti-new-york-stance%2F2116667d-6667-4c3e-bc22-373c90721bd2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Proxmire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDembart1978" class="citation news cs1">Dembart, Lee (June 13, 1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1978/06/13/archives/new-york-city-banks-and-unions-decline-to-pledge-further-loans-new.html">"New York City Banks and Unions Decline to Pledge Further Loans"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=New+York+City+Banks+and+Unions+Decline+to+Pledge+Further+Loans&rft.date=1978-06-13&rft.aulast=Dembart&rft.aufirst=Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1978%2F06%2F13%2Farchives%2Fnew-york-city-banks-and-unions-decline-to-pledge-further-loans-new.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Proxmire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDembart1978" class="citation news cs1">Dembart, Lee (June 16, 1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1978/06/16/archives/senate-panel-votes-123-to-back-guarantees-for-new-york-bonds.html">"Senate Panel Votes 12‐3 TO Back Guarantees For New York Bonds: Assistance Limited to $1.5 Billion"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Senate+Panel+Votes+12%E2%80%903+TO+Back+Guarantees+For+New+York+Bonds%3A+Assistance+Limited+to+%241.5+Billion&rft.date=1978-06-16&rft.aulast=Dembart&rft.aufirst=Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1978%2F06%2F16%2Farchives%2Fsenate-panel-votes-123-to-back-guarantees-for-new-york-bonds.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Proxmire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1978/02/24/archives/iranian-payment-is-minimized-miller-expresses-optimism-on-senate.html">"Iranian Payment Is Minimized"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. February 24, 1978.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Iranian+Payment+Is+Minimized&rft.date=1978-02-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1978%2F02%2F24%2Farchives%2Firanian-payment-is-minimized-miller-expresses-optimism-on-senate.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Proxmire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller1978" class="citation news cs1">Miller, Judith (March 1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1978/03/01/archives/approval-of-miller-supported-by-most-on-key-senate-unit-proxmire.html">"Approval Of Miller Supported By Most On Key Senate Unit"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Approval+Of+Miller+Supported+By+Most+On+Key+Senate+Unit&rft.date=1978-03&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Judith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1978%2F03%2F01%2Farchives%2Fapproval-of-miller-supported-by-most-on-key-senate-unit-proxmire.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Proxmire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1978/03/03/archives/senate-unit-votes-for-miller-141-to-head-reserve-confirmation.html">"Senate Unit Votes For Miller, 1 4‐1, To Head Reserve"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. March 3, 1978.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Senate+Unit+Votes+For+Miller%2C+1+4%E2%80%901%2C+To+Head+Reserve&rft.date=1978-03-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1978%2F03%2F03%2Farchives%2Fsenate-unit-votes-for-miller-141-to-head-reserve-confirmation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Proxmire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1979/08/03/archives/senate-confirms-miller-and-volcker.html">"Senate Confirms Miller and Volcker"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. August 3, 1979.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Senate+Confirms+Miller+and+Volcker&rft.date=1979-08-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1979%2F08%2F03%2Farchives%2Fsenate-confirms-miller-and-volcker.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Proxmire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1978/02/20/archives/military-lobbying-trips-criticized-by-proxmire.html">"Military Lobbying trips Criticized By Proxmire"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. February 20, 1978.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Military+Lobbying+trips+Criticized+By+Proxmire&rft.date=1978-02-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1978%2F02%2F20%2Farchives%2Fmilitary-lobbying-trips-criticized-by-proxmire.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Proxmire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeisman1979" class="citation news cs1">Weisman, Steven R. (February 14, 1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1979/02/14/archives/proxmire-criticizes-koch-on-cutbacks-calls-for-provisional-denial.html">"Proxmire Criticizes Koch On Cutbacks"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Proxmire+Criticizes+Koch+On+Cutbacks&rft.date=1979-02-14&rft.aulast=Weisman&rft.aufirst=Steven+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1979%2F02%2F14%2Farchives%2Fproxmire-criticizes-koch-on-cutbacks-calls-for-provisional-denial.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Proxmire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1979/03/24/archives/proxmire-cautions-on-bank-proposal.html">"Proxmire Cautions On Bank Proposal"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. March 24, 1979.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Proxmire+Cautions+On+Bank+Proposal&rft.date=1979-03-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1979%2F03%2F24%2Farchives%2Fproxmire-cautions-on-bank-proposal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Proxmire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1979/11/01/proxmire-urges-probe-of-hud-at-clifton-terrace/110cec19-d952-4fcf-b9da-c5f941c6eb52/">"Proxmire Urges Probe of HUD at Clifton Terrace"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i>. November 1, 1979.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Proxmire+Urges+Probe+of+HUD+at+Clifton+Terrace&rft.date=1979-11-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Flocal%2F1979%2F11%2F01%2Fproxmire-urges-probe-of-hud-at-clifton-terrace%2F110cec19-d952-4fcf-b9da-c5f941c6eb52%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Proxmire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=qqNRAAAAIBAJ&pg=6780,5250360&dq=proxmire+department-of-defense&hl=en">"Proxmire takes aim at Defense"</a>. <i>The Milwaukee Sentinel</i>. December 21, 1988. p. 4<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Medical Center)</i>. <b>25</b> (4): 395–396. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F08998280.2012.11928890">10.1080/08998280.2012.11928890</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3448588">3448588</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23077397">23077397</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+%28Baylor+University.+Medical+Center%29&rft.atitle=How+worms%27+sex+behavior+can+have+a+major+impact+on+understanding+human+disease&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=395-396&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3448588%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23077397&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F08998280.2012.11928890&rft.aulast=Yager&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.au=Emmett%2C+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3448588&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Proxmire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/turningpoints/search.asp?id=1742">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Golden Fleece Awards, 1975–1987 | Turning Points in Wisconsin History"</a>. <i>Wisconsinhistory.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Washington, DC.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Ellen+Proxmire%2C+a+senator%27s+wife+and+event+planner+in+D.C.%2C+dies+at+90&rft.date=2015-08-04&rft.aulast=Weil&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2Fellen-proxmire-a-senators-wife-and-event-planner-in-dc-dies-at-90%2F2015%2F08%2F04%2F8699da94-3a4f-11e5-8e98-115a3cf7d7ae_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Proxmire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1978/05/28/archives/the-perplexing-mr-proxmire-with-new-york-facing-bankruptcy-by-hands.html">Tolchin, Martin. "The Perplexing Mr. Proxmire," <i>The New York Times</i>, Sunday, May 28, 1978.</a> Retrieved January 23, 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1972/02/24/archives/the-latest-flap-over-proxmire.html">Krebs, Albin. "Notes on People," <i>The New York Times</i>, Thursday, February 24, 1972.</a> Retrieved January 23, 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1973/03/23/archives/proxmire-bares-his-tax-data-notes-on-people.html">Van Gelder, Lawrence. "Notes on People," <i>The New York Times</i>, Friday, March 23, 1973.</a> Retrieved January 23, 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accfsl.org/docs/Lawrence-A-Young.pdf">"Tribute to Larry Young, Recipient of William Proxmire Lifetime Achievement Award"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Accfsl.org</i>. Hanover, MD: American College of Consumer Financial Services Lawyers. May 10, 2018. p. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Accfsl.org&rft.atitle=Tribute+to+Larry+Young%2C+Recipient+of+William+Proxmire+Lifetime+Achievement+Award&rft.pages=3&rft.date=2018-05-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.accfsl.org%2Fdocs%2FLawrence-A-Young.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Proxmire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFProxmire1975" class="citation book cs1">Proxmire, William (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=txAGfeme8rIC&q=senator+proxmire+you+can+do+it"><i>You Can Do It: Senator Proxmire's Exercise, Diet and Relaxation Plan</i></a>. 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March 16, 1998. p. A17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 7,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Alzheimer%27s+Disease+Strikes+Ex-Senator&rft.pages=A17&rft.date=1998-03-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1998%2F03%2F16%2Fus%2Falzheimer-s-disease-strikes-ex-senator.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Proxmire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2016" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Scott (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FOHgDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA605"><i>Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons</i></a>. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company. p. 605. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-7992-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-7992-4"><bdi>978-0-7864-7992-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Resting+Places%3A+The+Burial+Sites+of+More+Than+14%2C000+Famous+Persons&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+North+Carolina&rft.pages=605&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-7992-4&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFOHgDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA605&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Proxmire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Proxmire&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_CongressP000553" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=P000553">"William Proxmire (id: P000553)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=William+Proxmire+%28id%3A+P000553%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DP000553&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Proxmire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Content.aspx?dsNav=N:1168">Senator William Proxmire Collections | Wisconsin Historical Society</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?907">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSevero2005" class="citation news cs1">Severo, Richard (December 16, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/16/national/16proxmire.html?ex=1292389200&en=375fa02ed1dfde2f&ei=5090">"William Proxmire, Maverick Democratic Senator From Wisconsin, Is Dead at 90"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=William+Proxmire%2C+Maverick+Democratic+Senator+From+Wisconsin%2C+Is+Dead+at+90&rft.date=2005-12-16&rft.aulast=Severo&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2005%2F12%2F16%2Fnational%2F16proxmire.html%3Fex%3D1292389200%26en%3D375fa02ed1dfde2f%26ei%3D5090&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Proxmire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2005/12/17/as_senator_a_tenacious_proxmire_had_a_good_run/">"As senator, a tenacious Proxmire had a good run"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a></i></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Carl_W._Thompson" title="Carl W. Thompson">Carl W. Thompson</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Wisconsin" title="Governor of Wisconsin">Governor of Wisconsin</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1952_Wisconsin_gubernatorial_election" title="1952 Wisconsin gubernatorial election">1952</a>, <a href="/wiki/1954_Wisconsin_gubernatorial_election" title="1954 Wisconsin gubernatorial election">1954</a>, <a href="/wiki/1956_Wisconsin_gubernatorial_election" title="1956 Wisconsin gubernatorial election">1956</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Gaylord_Nelson" title="Gaylord Nelson">Gaylord Nelson</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Fairchild" title="Thomas E. Fairchild">Thomas E. Fairchild</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senator">U.S. Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Classes_of_United_States_Senators" class="mw-redirect" title="Classes of United States Senators">Class 1</a>) </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1957_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Wisconsin" title="1957 United States Senate special election in Wisconsin">1957</a>, <a href="/wiki/1958_United_States_Senate_election_in_Wisconsin" title="1958 United States Senate election in Wisconsin">1958</a>, <a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_Senate_election_in_Wisconsin" title="1964 United States Senate election in Wisconsin">1964</a>, <a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_Senate_election_in_Wisconsin" title="1970 United States Senate election in Wisconsin">1970</a>, <a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_Senate_election_in_Wisconsin" title="1976 United States Senate election in Wisconsin">1976</a>, <a href="/wiki/1982_United_States_Senate_election_in_Wisconsin" title="1982 United States Senate election in Wisconsin">1982</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Herb_Kohl" title="Herb Kohl">Herb Kohl</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b><div style="font-size:90%">Title last held by</div><b><a href="/wiki/Howard_Baker" title="Howard Baker">Howard Baker</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_H._Dominick" title="Peter H. Dominick">Peter Dominick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_P._Griffin" title="Robert P. Griffin">Robert Griffin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kuchel" title="Thomas Kuchel">Thomas Kuchel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Laird" title="Melvin Laird">Mel Laird</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Mathias" title="Bob Mathias">Bob Mathias</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Murphy" title="George Murphy">George Murphy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Harding_Poff" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Harding Poff">Dick Poff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Percy" title="Charles H. Percy">Chuck Percy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Quie" title="Al Quie">Al Quie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Thompson_Reid" title="Charlotte Thompson Reid">Charlotte Reid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Scott" title="Hugh Scott">Hugh Scott</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_A._Steiger" title="William A. Steiger">Bill Steiger</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Tower" title="John Tower">John Tower</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Response_to_the_State_of_the_Union_address" title="Response to the State of the Union address">Response to the State of the Union address</a> </b><br />1970 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/Donald_M._Fraser" title="Donald M. Fraser">Donald Fraser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_M._Jackson" title="Henry M. Jackson">Scoop Jackson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Mansfield" title="Mike Mansfield">Mike Mansfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_William_McCormack" class="mw-redirect" title="John William McCormack">John McCormack</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patsy_Mink" title="Patsy Mink">Patsy Mink</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Muskie" title="Edmund Muskie">Ed Muskie</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Mansfield" title="Mike Mansfield">Mike Mansfield</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Mansfield" title="Mike Mansfield">Mike Mansfield</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Response_to_the_State_of_the_Union_address" title="Response to the State of the Union address">Response to the State of the Union address</a> </b><br />1972 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/Carl_Albert" title="Carl Albert">Carl Albert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Bentsen" title="Lloyd Bentsen">Lloyd Bentsen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hale_Boggs" title="Hale Boggs">Hale Boggs</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Brademas" title="John Brademas">John Brademas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Church" title="Frank Church">Frank Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Eagleton" title="Thomas Eagleton">Thomas Eagleton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martha_Griffiths" title="Martha Griffiths">Martha Griffiths</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Melcher" title="John Melcher">John Melcher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Metcalfe" title="Ralph Metcalfe">Ralph Metcalfe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leonor_Sullivan" title="Leonor Sullivan">Leonor Sullivan</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b><div style="font-size:90%">Title next held by</div><b><a href="/wiki/Mike_Mansfield" title="Mike Mansfield">Mike Mansfield</a> </b> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_McCarthy" title="Joseph McCarthy">Joseph McCarthy</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Wisconsin" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Senators from Wisconsin">U.S. Senator (Class 1) from Wisconsin</a> </b><br />1957–1989 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Wiley" title="Alexander Wiley">Alexander Wiley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaylord_Nelson" title="Gaylord Nelson">Gaylord Nelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Kasten" title="Bob Kasten">Bob Kasten</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Herb_Kohl" title="Herb Kohl">Herb Kohl</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Sparkman" title="John Sparkman">John Sparkman</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chair of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Banking,_Housing,_and_Urban_Affairs" title="United States Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs">Senate Banking Committee</a> </b><br />1975–1981 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jake_Garn" title="Jake Garn">Jake Garn</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Milton_Young" title="Milton Young">Milton Young</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Ranking Member of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Appropriations" title="United States Senate Committee on Appropriations">Senate Appropriations Committee</a> </b><br />1981–1983 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_C._Stennis" title="John C. Stennis">John C. Stennis</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Donald_W._Riegle_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Donald W. Riegle Jr.">Donald W. Riegle Jr.</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Acting</span></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Ranking Member of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Banking,_Housing,_and_Urban_Affairs" title="United States Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs">Senate Banking Committee</a> </b><br />1983–1987 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Jake Garn</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Jake Garn</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chair of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Banking,_Housing,_and_Urban_Affairs" title="United States Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs">Senate Banking Committee</a> </b><br />1987–1989 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Donald W. Riegle Jr.</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States senators from Wisconsin">United States senators from Wisconsin</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dodge" title="Henry Dodge">Dodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_R._Doolittle" title="James R. Doolittle">Doolittle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_H._Carpenter" title="Matthew H. Carpenter">Carpenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angus_Cameron_(American_politician)" title="Angus Cameron (American politician)">Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philetus_Sawyer" title="Philetus Sawyer">Sawyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_L._Mitchell" title="John L. Mitchell">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_V._Quarles" title="Joseph V. Quarles">Quarles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette" title="Robert M. La Follette">La Follette Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette_Jr." title="Robert M. La Follette Jr.">La Follette Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_McCarthy" title="Joseph McCarthy">McCarthy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Proxmire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herb_Kohl" title="Herb Kohl">Kohl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tammy_Baldwin" title="Tammy Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="United States Senate"><img alt="United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 3</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_P._Walker" title="Isaac P. Walker">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Durkee" title="Charles Durkee">Durkee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_O._Howe" title="Timothy O. Howe">Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_H._Carpenter" title="Matthew H. Carpenter">Carpenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angus_Cameron_(American_politician)" title="Angus Cameron (American politician)">Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Coit_Spooner" title="John Coit Spooner">Spooner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Vilas" title="William F. Vilas">Vilas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Coit_Spooner" title="John Coit Spooner">Spooner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Stephenson" title="Isaac Stephenson">Stephenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_O._Husting" title="Paul O. Husting">Husting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irvine_Lenroot" title="Irvine Lenroot">Lenroot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Blaine" title="John J. Blaine">Blaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._Ryan_Duffy" title="F. Ryan Duffy">Duffy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Wiley" title="Alexander Wiley">Wiley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaylord_Nelson" title="Gaylord Nelson">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Kasten" title="Bob Kasten">Kasten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russ_Feingold" title="Russ Feingold">Feingold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Johnson" title="Ron Johnson">Johnson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairmen_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Banking,_Housing,_and_Urban_Affairs" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Senate_Banking_chairs" title="Template:US Senate Banking chairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Senate_Banking_chairs" title="Template talk:US Senate Banking chairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Senate_Banking_chairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Senate Banking chairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairmen_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Banking,_Housing,_and_Urban_Affairs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chairmen of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Banking,_Housing,_and_Urban_Affairs" title="United States Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs">United States Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Banking and Currency<br />(1913–1970)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Owen" title="Robert L. Owen">Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_P._McLean" title="George P. McLean">McLean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Norbeck" title="Peter Norbeck">Norbeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duncan_U._Fletcher" title="Duncan U. Fletcher">Fletcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Wagner" title="Robert F. Wagner">Wagner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Tobey" title="Charles W. Tobey">Tobey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnet_R._Maybank" title="Burnet R. Maybank">Maybank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer_E._Capehart" title="Homer E. Capehart">Capehart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._William_Fulbright" title="J. William Fulbright">Fulbright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Willis_Robertson" title="A. Willis Robertson">Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sparkman" title="John Sparkman">Sparkman</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States Senate"><img alt="Seal of the United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs<br />(1970–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Sparkman" title="John Sparkman">Sparkman</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Proxmire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jake_Garn" title="Jake Garn">Garn</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Proxmire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Riegle" title="Donald Riegle">Riegle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_D%27Amato" title="Al D'Amato">D'Amato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Gramm" title="Phil Gramm">Gramm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Sarbanes" title="Paul Sarbanes">Sarbanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Gramm" title="Phil Gramm">Gramm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Sarbanes" title="Paul Sarbanes">Sarbanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Shelby" title="Richard Shelby">Shelby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Dodd" title="Chris Dodd">Dodd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Johnson_(South_Dakota_politician)" title="Tim Johnson (South Dakota politician)">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Shelby" title="Richard Shelby">Shelby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Crapo" title="Mike Crapo">Crapo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherrod_Brown" title="Sherrod Brown">Brown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wisconsin&#039;s_delegation(s)_to_the_85th–100th_United_States_Congresses_(ordered_by_seniority)" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USCongRep-start" title="Template:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USCongRep-start" title="Template talk:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USCongRep-start" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wisconsin&#039;s_delegation(s)_to_the_85th–100th_United_States_Congresses_(ordered_by_seniority)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a>'s delegation(s) to the 85th–100th <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congresses</a> <span class="nowrap">(ordered by seniority)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/85th_United_States_Congress" title="85th United States Congress">85th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States senators from Wisconsin">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Wiley" title="Alexander Wiley">A. Wiley</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_McCarthy" title="Joseph McCarthy"><i>J. McCarthy</i></a> (R)<br /></li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>W. Proxmire</i></a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States representatives from Wisconsin">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_H._Smith" title="Lawrence H. Smith">L. Smith</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Gardner_R._Withrow" title="Gardner R. Withrow">G. Withrow</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Alvin_O%27Konski" title="Alvin O'Konski">A. O'Konski</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_W._Byrnes" title="John W. Byrnes">J. Byrnes</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Clement_J._Zablocki" class="mw-redirect" title="Clement J. Zablocki">C. Zablocki</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_Van_Pelt" title="William Van Pelt">W. Van Pelt</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Melvin_Laird" title="Melvin Laird">M. Laird</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Lester_Johnson_(politician)" title="Lester Johnson (politician)">L. Johnson</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Henry_S._Reuss" title="Henry S. Reuss">H. Reuss</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Donald_Edgar_Tewes" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald Edgar Tewes">D. Tewes</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/86th_United_States_Congress" title="86th United States Congress">86th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States senators from Wisconsin">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Wiley" title="Alexander Wiley">A. Wiley</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">W. Proxmire</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States representatives from Wisconsin">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Gardner_R._Withrow" title="Gardner R. Withrow">G. Withrow</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Alvin_O%27Konski" title="Alvin O'Konski">A. O'Konski</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_W._Byrnes" title="John W. Byrnes">J. Byrnes</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Clement_J._Zablocki" class="mw-redirect" title="Clement J. Zablocki">C. Zablocki</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_Van_Pelt" title="William Van Pelt">W. Van Pelt</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Melvin_Laird" title="Melvin Laird">M. Laird</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Lester_Johnson_(politician)" title="Lester Johnson (politician)">L. Johnson</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Henry_S._Reuss" title="Henry S. Reuss">H. Reuss</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Gerald_T._Flynn" title="Gerald T. Flynn">G. Flynn</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kastenmeier" title="Robert Kastenmeier">R. Kastenmeier</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/87th_United_States_Congress" title="87th United States Congress">87th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States senators from Wisconsin">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Wiley" title="Alexander Wiley">A. Wiley</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">W. Proxmire</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States representatives from Wisconsin">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Alvin_O%27Konski" title="Alvin O'Konski">A. O'Konski</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_W._Byrnes" title="John W. Byrnes">J. Byrnes</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Clement_J._Zablocki" class="mw-redirect" title="Clement J. Zablocki">C. Zablocki</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_Van_Pelt" title="William Van Pelt">W. Van Pelt</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Melvin_Laird" title="Melvin Laird">M. Laird</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Lester_Johnson_(politician)" title="Lester Johnson (politician)">L. Johnson</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Henry_S._Reuss" title="Henry S. Reuss">H. Reuss</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kastenmeier" title="Robert Kastenmeier">R. Kastenmeier</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Henry_C._Schadeberg" title="Henry C. Schadeberg">H. Schadeberg</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Wallace_Thomson" class="mw-redirect" title="Vernon Wallace Thomson">V. Thomson</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/88th_United_States_Congress" title="88th United States Congress">88th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States senators from Wisconsin">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">W. Proxmire</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Gaylord_Nelson" title="Gaylord Nelson">G. Nelson</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States representatives from Wisconsin">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Alvin_O%27Konski" title="Alvin O'Konski">A. O'Konski</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_W._Byrnes" title="John W. Byrnes">J. Byrnes</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Clement_J._Zablocki" class="mw-redirect" title="Clement J. Zablocki">C. Zablocki</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_Van_Pelt" title="William Van Pelt">W. Van Pelt</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Melvin_Laird" title="Melvin Laird">M. Laird</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Lester_Johnson_(politician)" title="Lester Johnson (politician)">L. Johnson</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Henry_S._Reuss" title="Henry S. Reuss">H. Reuss</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kastenmeier" title="Robert Kastenmeier">R. Kastenmeier</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Henry_C._Schadeberg" title="Henry C. Schadeberg">H. Schadeberg</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Wallace_Thomson" class="mw-redirect" title="Vernon Wallace Thomson">V. Thomson</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/89th_United_States_Congress" title="89th United States Congress">89th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States senators from Wisconsin">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">W. Proxmire</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Gaylord_Nelson" title="Gaylord Nelson">G. Nelson</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States representatives from Wisconsin">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Alvin_O%27Konski" title="Alvin O'Konski">A. O'Konski</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_W._Byrnes" title="John W. Byrnes">J. Byrnes</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Clement_J._Zablocki" class="mw-redirect" title="Clement J. Zablocki">C. Zablocki</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Melvin_Laird" title="Melvin Laird">M. Laird</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Henry_S._Reuss" title="Henry S. Reuss">H. Reuss</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Robert_Davis" title="Glenn Robert Davis">G. Davis</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kastenmeier" title="Robert Kastenmeier">R. Kastenmeier</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Wallace_Thomson" class="mw-redirect" title="Vernon Wallace Thomson">V. Thomson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Abner_Race" title="John Abner Race">J. Race</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Lynn_E._Stalbaum" title="Lynn E. Stalbaum">L. Stalbaum</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/90th_United_States_Congress" title="90th United States Congress">90th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States senators from Wisconsin">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">W. Proxmire</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Gaylord_Nelson" title="Gaylord Nelson">G. Nelson</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States representatives from Wisconsin">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Alvin_O%27Konski" title="Alvin O'Konski">A. O'Konski</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_W._Byrnes" title="John W. Byrnes">J. Byrnes</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Clement_J._Zablocki" class="mw-redirect" title="Clement J. Zablocki">C. Zablocki</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Melvin_Laird" title="Melvin Laird">M. Laird</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Henry_S._Reuss" title="Henry S. Reuss">H. Reuss</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Robert_Davis" title="Glenn Robert Davis">G. Davis</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kastenmeier" title="Robert Kastenmeier">R. Kastenmeier</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Wallace_Thomson" class="mw-redirect" title="Vernon Wallace Thomson">V. Thomson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Henry_C._Schadeberg" title="Henry C. Schadeberg">H. Schadeberg</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_A._Steiger" title="William A. Steiger">W. Steiger</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/91st_United_States_Congress" title="91st United States Congress">91st</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States senators from Wisconsin">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">W. Proxmire</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Gaylord_Nelson" title="Gaylord Nelson">G. Nelson</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States representatives from Wisconsin">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Alvin_O%27Konski" title="Alvin O'Konski">A. O'Konski</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_W._Byrnes" title="John W. Byrnes">J. Byrnes</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Clement_J._Zablocki" class="mw-redirect" title="Clement J. Zablocki">C. Zablocki</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Melvin_Laird" title="Melvin Laird"><i>M. Laird</i></a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Henry_S._Reuss" title="Henry S. Reuss">H. Reuss</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Robert_Davis" title="Glenn Robert Davis">G. Davis</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kastenmeier" title="Robert Kastenmeier">R. Kastenmeier</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Wallace_Thomson" class="mw-redirect" title="Vernon Wallace Thomson">V. Thomson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Henry_C._Schadeberg" title="Henry C. Schadeberg">H. Schadeberg</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_A._Steiger" title="William A. Steiger">W. Steiger</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Dave_Obey" title="Dave Obey"><i>D. Obey</i></a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/92nd_United_States_Congress" title="92nd United States Congress">92nd</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States senators from Wisconsin">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">W. Proxmire</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Gaylord_Nelson" title="Gaylord Nelson">G. Nelson</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States representatives from Wisconsin">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Alvin_O%27Konski" title="Alvin O'Konski">A. O'Konski</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_W._Byrnes" title="John W. Byrnes">J. Byrnes</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Clement_J._Zablocki" class="mw-redirect" title="Clement J. Zablocki">C. Zablocki</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Henry_S._Reuss" title="Henry S. Reuss">H. Reuss</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Robert_Davis" title="Glenn Robert Davis">G. Davis</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kastenmeier" title="Robert Kastenmeier">R. Kastenmeier</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Wallace_Thomson" class="mw-redirect" title="Vernon Wallace Thomson">V. Thomson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_A._Steiger" title="William A. Steiger">W. Steiger</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Dave_Obey" title="Dave Obey">D. Obey</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Les_Aspin" title="Les Aspin">L. Aspin</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/93rd_United_States_Congress" title="93rd United States Congress">93rd</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States senators from Wisconsin">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">W. Proxmire</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Gaylord_Nelson" title="Gaylord Nelson">G. Nelson</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States representatives from Wisconsin">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Clement_J._Zablocki" class="mw-redirect" title="Clement J. Zablocki">C. Zablocki</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Henry_S._Reuss" title="Henry S. Reuss">H. Reuss</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Robert_Davis" title="Glenn Robert Davis">G. Davis</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kastenmeier" title="Robert Kastenmeier">R. Kastenmeier</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Wallace_Thomson" class="mw-redirect" title="Vernon Wallace Thomson">V. Thomson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_A._Steiger" title="William A. Steiger">W. Steiger</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Dave_Obey" title="Dave Obey">D. Obey</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Les_Aspin" title="Les Aspin">L. Aspin</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Harold_Vernon_Froehlich" class="mw-redirect" title="Harold Vernon Froehlich">H. Froehlich</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/94th_United_States_Congress" title="94th United States Congress">94th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States senators from Wisconsin">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">W. Proxmire</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Gaylord_Nelson" title="Gaylord Nelson">G. Nelson</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States representatives from Wisconsin">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Clement_J._Zablocki" class="mw-redirect" title="Clement J. Zablocki">C. Zablocki</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Henry_S._Reuss" title="Henry S. Reuss">H. Reuss</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kastenmeier" title="Robert Kastenmeier">R. Kastenmeier</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_A._Steiger" title="William A. Steiger">W. Steiger</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Dave_Obey" title="Dave Obey">D. Obey</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Les_Aspin" title="Les Aspin">L. Aspin</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Baldus" title="Alvin Baldus">A. Baldus</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_John_Cornell" title="Robert John Cornell">R. Cornell</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bob_Kasten" title="Bob Kasten">B. Kasten</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/95th_United_States_Congress" title="95th United States Congress">95th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States senators from Wisconsin">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">W. Proxmire</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Gaylord_Nelson" title="Gaylord Nelson">G. Nelson</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States representatives from Wisconsin">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Clement_J._Zablocki" class="mw-redirect" title="Clement J. Zablocki">C. Zablocki</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Henry_S._Reuss" title="Henry S. Reuss">H. Reuss</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kastenmeier" title="Robert Kastenmeier">R. Kastenmeier</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_A._Steiger" title="William A. Steiger">W. Steiger</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Dave_Obey" title="Dave Obey">D. Obey</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Les_Aspin" title="Les Aspin">L. Aspin</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Baldus" title="Alvin Baldus">A. Baldus</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_John_Cornell" title="Robert John Cornell">R. Cornell</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bob_Kasten" title="Bob Kasten">B. Kasten</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/96th_United_States_Congress" title="96th United States Congress">96th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States senators from Wisconsin">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">W. Proxmire</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Gaylord_Nelson" title="Gaylord Nelson">G. Nelson</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States representatives from Wisconsin">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Clement_J._Zablocki" class="mw-redirect" title="Clement J. Zablocki">C. Zablocki</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Henry_S._Reuss" title="Henry S. Reuss">H. Reuss</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kastenmeier" title="Robert Kastenmeier">R. Kastenmeier</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Dave_Obey" title="Dave Obey">D. Obey</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Les_Aspin" title="Les Aspin">L. Aspin</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Baldus" title="Alvin Baldus">A. Baldus</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Toby_Roth" title="Toby Roth">T. Roth</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_Sensenbrenner" title="Jim Sensenbrenner">J. Sensenbrenner</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tom_Petri" title="Tom Petri">T. Petri</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/97th_United_States_Congress" title="97th United States Congress">97th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States senators from Wisconsin">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">W. Proxmire</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bob_Kasten" title="Bob Kasten">B. Kasten</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States representatives from Wisconsin">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Clement_J._Zablocki" class="mw-redirect" title="Clement J. Zablocki">C. Zablocki</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Henry_S._Reuss" title="Henry S. Reuss">H. Reuss</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kastenmeier" title="Robert Kastenmeier">R. Kastenmeier</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Dave_Obey" title="Dave Obey">D. Obey</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Les_Aspin" title="Les Aspin">L. Aspin</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Toby_Roth" title="Toby Roth">T. Roth</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_Sensenbrenner" title="Jim Sensenbrenner">J. Sensenbrenner</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tom_Petri" title="Tom Petri">T. Petri</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Steve_Gunderson" title="Steve Gunderson">S. Gunderson</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/98th_United_States_Congress" title="98th United States Congress">98th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States senators from Wisconsin">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">W. Proxmire</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bob_Kasten" title="Bob Kasten">B. Kasten</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States representatives from Wisconsin">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Clement_J._Zablocki" class="mw-redirect" title="Clement J. Zablocki"><i>C. Zablocki</i></a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kastenmeier" title="Robert Kastenmeier">R. Kastenmeier</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Dave_Obey" title="Dave Obey">D. Obey</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Les_Aspin" title="Les Aspin">L. Aspin</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Toby_Roth" title="Toby Roth">T. Roth</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_Sensenbrenner" title="Jim Sensenbrenner">J. Sensenbrenner</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tom_Petri" title="Tom Petri">T. Petri</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Steve_Gunderson" title="Steve Gunderson">S. Gunderson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_Moody" title="Jim Moody">J. Moody</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Kleczka" title="Jerry Kleczka"><i>J. Kleczka</i></a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/99th_United_States_Congress" title="99th United States Congress">99th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States senators from Wisconsin">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">W. Proxmire</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bob_Kasten" title="Bob Kasten">B. Kasten</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States representatives from Wisconsin">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kastenmeier" title="Robert Kastenmeier">R. Kastenmeier</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Dave_Obey" title="Dave Obey">D. Obey</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Les_Aspin" title="Les Aspin">L. Aspin</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Toby_Roth" title="Toby Roth">T. Roth</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_Sensenbrenner" title="Jim Sensenbrenner">J. Sensenbrenner</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tom_Petri" title="Tom Petri">T. Petri</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Steve_Gunderson" title="Steve Gunderson">S. Gunderson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_Moody" title="Jim Moody">J. Moody</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Kleczka" title="Jerry Kleczka">J. Kleczka</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/100th_United_States_Congress" title="100th United States Congress">100th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States senators from Wisconsin">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">W. Proxmire</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bob_Kasten" title="Bob Kasten">B. Kasten</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States representatives from Wisconsin">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kastenmeier" title="Robert Kastenmeier">R. Kastenmeier</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Dave_Obey" title="Dave Obey">D. Obey</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Les_Aspin" title="Les Aspin">L. Aspin</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Toby_Roth" title="Toby Roth">T. Roth</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_Sensenbrenner" title="Jim Sensenbrenner">J. Sensenbrenner</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tom_Petri" title="Tom Petri">T. Petri</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Steve_Gunderson" title="Steve Gunderson">S. Gunderson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_Moody" title="Jim Moody">J. Moody</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Kleczka" title="Jerry Kleczka">J. Kleczka</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1894476#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1894476#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1894476#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-78f4c97c5d-z8ncw","wgBackendResponseTime":171,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.645","walltime":"1.934","ppvisitednodes":{"value":22791,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":324374,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":98830,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":9,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":393015,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1733.211 1 -total"," 21.72% 376.538 1 Template:Infobox_officeholder"," 20.96% 363.289 1 Template:Reflist"," 19.57% 339.199 16 Template:USCongRep-row"," 16.75% 290.257 32 Template:Hanging_indent"," 16.35% 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