CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Battle of Megiddo (1918) - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"8186aa5d-7ca2-4885-a671-931d2e77c941","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)","wgTitle":"Battle of Megiddo (1918)","wgCurRevisionId":1254724449,"wgRevisionId":1254724449,"wgArticleId":636036,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles containing Turkish-language text","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from September 2024","Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Wikipedia articles needing clarification from February 2012","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from December 2011","Articles with unsourced statements from April 2015","Articles with unsourced statements from February 2013", "Commons category link is on Wikidata","Battles in 1918","1918 in the Ottoman Empire","Battles of the Sinai and Palestine Campaign","Battles of World War I involving Australia","Battles of World War I involving New Zealand","Battles of World War I involving the United Kingdom","Battles of World War I involving the Ottoman Empire","Battles of World War I involving France","Battles of World War I involving British India","Battles of World War I involving Germany","Aerial operations and battles of World War I","History of the Royal Air Force during World War I","Battles of World War I involving Indian Princely States","September 1918 events","Battles of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk","Tel Megiddo"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)","wgRelevantArticleId":636036,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject": "wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":60000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q199371","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false, "wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init", "ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Falls2Map1SthPalDetMegiddo.jpeg/1200px-Falls2Map1SthPalDetMegiddo.jpeg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="958"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Falls2Map1SthPalDetMegiddo.jpeg/800px-Falls2Map1SthPalDetMegiddo.jpeg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="638"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Falls2Map1SthPalDetMegiddo.jpeg/640px-Falls2Map1SthPalDetMegiddo.jpeg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="511"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Battle of Megiddo (1918) - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Battle_of_Megiddo_1918 rootpage-Battle_of_Megiddo_1918 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Battle+of+Megiddo+%281918%29" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Battle+of+Megiddo+%281918%29" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Battle+of+Megiddo+%281918%29" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Battle+of+Megiddo+%281918%29" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Background-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Background subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Allied_situation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allied_situation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Allied situation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allied_situation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ottoman_situation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ottoman_situation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Ottoman situation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ottoman_situation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Allied_reorganisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allied_reorganisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Allied reorganisation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allied_reorganisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arab_Northern_Army" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arab_Northern_Army"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Arab Northern Army</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arab_Northern_Army-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prelude" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prelude"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Prelude</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Prelude-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Prelude subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Prelude-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Allenby's_plan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allenby's_plan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Allenby's plan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allenby's_plan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Entente_deceptions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Entente_deceptions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Entente deceptions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Entente_deceptions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Entente_air_superiority" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Entente_air_superiority"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Entente air superiority</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Entente_air_superiority-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ottoman_dispositions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ottoman_dispositions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Ottoman dispositions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ottoman_dispositions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Battle</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Battle-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Battle subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Battle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Opening_attacks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opening_attacks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Opening attacks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opening_attacks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Breakthrough_of_Ottoman_line" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Breakthrough_of_Ottoman_line"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Breakthrough of Ottoman line</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Breakthrough_of_Ottoman_line-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Encirclement_of_two_Ottoman_Armies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Encirclement_of_two_Ottoman_Armies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Encirclement of two Ottoman Armies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Encirclement_of_two_Ottoman_Armies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judean_Hills_fighting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judean_Hills_fighting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Judean Hills fighting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judean_Hills_fighting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_operations_around_Daraa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_operations_around_Daraa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Later operations around Daraa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_operations_around_Daraa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Capture_of_Amman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capture_of_Amman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Capture of Amman</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capture_of_Amman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Aftermath subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Capture_of_Damascus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capture_of_Damascus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Capture of Damascus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capture_of_Damascus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pursuit_to_Aleppo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pursuit_to_Aleppo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Pursuit to Aleppo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pursuit_to_Aleppo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Effects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Megiddo (1918)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88_(1918)" title="معركة مجدو (1918) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معركة مجدو (1918)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meqiddo_d%C3%B6y%C3%BC%C5%9F%C3%BC" title="Meqiddo döyüşü – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Meqiddo döyüşü" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitka_kod_Megida_(1918)" title="Bitka kod Megida (1918) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bitka kod Megida (1918)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitva_u_Megida_(1918)" title="Bitva u Megida (1918) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bitva u Megida (1918)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlacht_bei_Megiddo_(1918)" title="Schlacht bei Megiddo (1918) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schlacht bei Megiddo (1918)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Megido_(1918)" title="Batalla de Megido (1918) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Batalla de Megido (1918)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megiddoko_gudua_(1918)" title="Megiddoko gudua (1918) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Megiddoko gudua (1918)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataille_de_Megiddo_(1918)" title="Bataille de Megiddo (1918) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bataille de Megiddo (1918)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitka_kod_Megida_(1918.)" title="Bitka kod Megida (1918.) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bitka kod Megida (1918.)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battaglia_di_Megiddo_(1918)" title="Battaglia di Megiddo (1918) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Battaglia di Megiddo (1918)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%91_%D7%9E%D7%92%D7%99%D7%93%D7%95" title="קרב מגידו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קרב מגידו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%82%AE%E3%83%83%E3%83%89%E3%81%AE%E6%88%A6%E3%81%84" title="メギッドの戦い – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="メギッドの戦い" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaget_om_Megiddo" title="Slaget om Megiddo – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Slaget om Megiddo" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwa_pod_Megiddo_(1918)" title="Bitwa pod Megiddo (1918) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bitwa pod Megiddo (1918)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalha_de_Megido_(1918)" title="Batalha de Megido (1918) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Batalha de Megido (1918)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%BE_(1918)" title="Битва при Мегиддо (1918) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Битва при Мегиддо (1918)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megiddon_taistelu_(1918)" title="Megiddon taistelu (1918) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Megiddon taistelu (1918)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megiddo_Muharebesi_(1918)" title="Megiddo Muharebesi (1918) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Megiddo Muharebesi (1918)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%BE_(1918)" title="Битва при Мегіддо (1918) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Битва при Мегіддо (1918)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%90%89%E5%A4%9A%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9_(1918%E5%B9%B4)" title="米吉多戰役 (1918年) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="米吉多戰役 (1918年)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q199371#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)&oldid=1254724449" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Battle_of_Megiddo_%281918%29&id=1254724449&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBattle_of_Megiddo_%281918%29"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBattle_of_Megiddo_%281918%29"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Battle_of_Megiddo_%281918%29&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q199371" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Part of World War I</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other battles fought in the vicinity of Megiddo, see <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Megiddo_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Battle of Megiddo (disambiguation)">Battle of Megiddo</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Battle of Megiddo</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_theatre_of_World_War_I" title="Middle Eastern theatre of World War I">Middle Eastern theatre of World War I</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Falls2Map1SthPalDetMegiddo.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Falls2Map1SthPalDetMegiddo.jpeg/300px-Falls2Map1SthPalDetMegiddo.jpeg" decoding="async" width="300" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Falls2Map1SthPalDetMegiddo.jpeg/450px-Falls2Map1SthPalDetMegiddo.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Falls2Map1SthPalDetMegiddo.jpeg/600px-Falls2Map1SthPalDetMegiddo.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2521" data-file-height="2012" /></a></span><br />Map of the battlefield</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>19–25 September 1918</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Vilayet_of_Beirut" class="mw-redirect" title="Vilayet of Beirut">Vilayet of Beirut</a></div><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)&params=32.400_N_34.883_E_type:event"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°24′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">34°52′59″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.400°N 34.883°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.400; 34.883</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Allied victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> </p> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="United Kingdom"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a></span></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="India"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/23px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/35px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/46px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">India</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Australia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="New Zealand"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_New_Zealand" title="Dominion of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="South Africa"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Red_Ensign_of_South_Africa_%281910%E2%80%931912%29.svg/23px-Red_Ensign_of_South_Africa_%281910%E2%80%931912%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Red_Ensign_of_South_Africa_%281910%E2%80%931912%29.svg/35px-Red_Ensign_of_South_Africa_%281910%E2%80%931912%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Red_Ensign_of_South_Africa_%281910%E2%80%931912%29.svg/46px-Red_Ensign_of_South_Africa_%281910%E2%80%931912%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa" title="Union of South Africa">South Africa</a></span></li></ul> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Hejaz_1917.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hejaz_1917.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Hejaz_1917.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hejaz_1917.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Hejaz_1917.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hejaz_1917.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hejaz" title="Kingdom of Hejaz">Hejaz</a><br /><span data-sort-value="France"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">France</a></span></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland"><img alt="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Allenby" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmund Allenby">Edmund Allenby</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Expeditionary_Force" title="Egyptian Expeditionary Force">Egyptian Expeditionary Force</a>)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland"><img alt="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Bulfin" title="Edward Bulfin">Edward Bulfin</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/XX_Corps_(United_Kingdom)" title="XX Corps (United Kingdom)">XX Corps</a>)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland"><img alt="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Philip_Chetwode" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip Chetwode">Philip Chetwode</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/XXI_Corps_(United_Kingdom)" title="XXI Corps (United Kingdom)">XXI Corps</a>)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Harry_Chauvel" title="Harry Chauvel">Harry Chauvel</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Desert_Mounted_Corps" title="Desert Mounted Corps">Desert Mounted Corps</a>)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arab_Revolt" title="Arab Revolt"><img alt="Arab Revolt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Hejaz_1917.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hejaz_1917.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Hejaz_1917.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hejaz_1917.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Hejaz_1917.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hejaz_1917.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Faisal_I_of_Iraq" title="Faisal I of Iraq">Faisal bin Hussein</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Sharifian_Army" title="Sharifian Army">Sharifian Army</a>)</li></ul> </div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire"><img alt="German Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Otto_Liman_von_Sanders" title="Otto Liman von Sanders">Liman von Sanders</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m_Army_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Yıldırım Army Group">Yıldırım Army Group</a>)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire"><img alt="Ottoman Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cevat_%C3%87obanl%C4%B1" title="Cevat Çobanlı">Cevat Pasha</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Eighth_Army_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Eighth Army (Ottoman Empire)">Eighth Army</a>)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire"><img alt="Ottoman Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Pasha</a></span><br />(<a href="/wiki/Seventh_Army_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Seventh Army (Ottoman Empire)">Seventh Army</a>)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire"><img alt="Ottoman Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cemal_Mersinli" title="Cemal Mersinli">Cemal Pasha</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Fourth_Army_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Fourth Army (Ottoman Empire)">Fourth Army</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><b>Allied</b> <ul><li>57,000 infantry</li> <li>12,000 mounted troops</li> <li>540 guns<sup id="cite_ref-LiddellHart432_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LiddellHart432-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><b>Arab</b> <ul><li>4,000+ regulars</li> <li>unknown no. irregulars</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>32,000 infantry</li> <li>3,000 mounted troops</li> <li>402 guns<sup id="cite_ref-LiddellHart432_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LiddellHart432-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>782 killed</li> <li>382 missing</li> <li>4,179 wounded</li></ul> </div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Destruction or surrender of Ottoman forces</li> <li>Only 6,000 escaped capture<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sinai_and_Palestine_Campaign" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Sinai_and_Palestine" title="Template:Campaignbox Sinai and Palestine"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Sinai_and_Palestine" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Sinai and Palestine"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Sinai_and_Palestine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Sinai and Palestine"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sinai_and_Palestine_Campaign" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Sinai_and_Palestine_campaign" title="Sinai and Palestine campaign"><span class="wrap">Sinai and Palestine Campaign</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Sinai</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_the_Suez_Canal" title="Raid on the Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_El_Tor_(1915)" title="Battle of El Tor (1915)">El Tor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Jifjafa" title="Raid on Jifjafa">Jifjafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Katia" title="Battle of Katia">Katia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Romani" title="Battle of Romani">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bir_el_Abd" title="Battle of Bir el Abd">Bir el Abd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Magdhaba" title="Battle of Magdhaba">Magdhaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Nekhl" title="Raid on Nekhl">Nekhl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Bir_el_Hassana" title="Raid on Bir el Hassana">Bir el Hassana</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Southern Palestine</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rafa" title="Battle of Rafa">Rafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Gaza" title="First Battle of Gaza">1st Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Gaza" title="Second Battle of Gaza">2nd Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalemate_in_Southern_Palestine" title="Stalemate in Southern Palestine">1st Southern Palestine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_the_Beersheba_to_Hafir_el_Auja_railway" title="Raid on the Beersheba to Hafir el Auja railway">Hafir el Auja railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Buqqar_Ridge" title="Battle of Buqqar Ridge">Buggar Ridge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Palestine_offensive" title="Southern Palestine offensive">2nd Southern Palestine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beersheba_(1917)" title="Battle of Beersheba (1917)">Beersheba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tel_el_Khuweilfe" title="Battle of Tel el Khuweilfe">Khuweilfe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Gaza" title="Third Battle of Gaza">3rd Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hareira_and_Sheria" title="Battle of Hareira and Sheria">Hareira & Sheria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Wadi_el_Hesi" title="Capture of Wadi el Hesi">Wadi el Hesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charge_at_Huj" title="Charge at Huj">Huj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mughar_Ridge" title="Battle of Mughar Ridge">Mughar Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mughar_Ridge#Aftermath" title="Battle of Mughar Ridge">Junction Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ayun_Kara" title="Battle of Ayun Kara">Ayun Kara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jerusalem" title="Battle of Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nebi_Samwil" title="Battle of Nebi Samwil">Nebi Samwil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jaffa_(1917)" title="Battle of Jaffa (1917)">Jaffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_El_Burj" title="Battle of El Burj">El Burj</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt>Judean Hills</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_%27Asur" title="Battle of Tell 'Asur">Tell 'Asur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Jordan#Prelude" title="Second Battle of the Jordan">Berukin & 1st Arara</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Transjordan</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Jericho" title="Capture of Jericho">Jericho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_occupation_of_the_Jordan_Valley" title="British occupation of the Jordan Valley">Jordan Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_the_Jordan" title="First Battle of the Jordan">1st Transjordan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hijla" title="Battle of Hijla">Hijla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Amman" title="First Battle of Amman">1st Amman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Jordan" title="Second Battle of the Jordan">2nd Transjordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Abu_Tellul" title="Battle of Abu Tellul">Abu Tellul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Transjordan_attack" title="Third Transjordan attack">3rd Transjordan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Jisr_ed_Damieh" title="Capture of Jisr ed Damieh">Jisr ed Damieh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Amman" title="Second Battle of Amman">2nd Amman</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt>Northern Palestine</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_Arsuf" title="Action of Arsuf">Arsuf</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Megiddo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sharon" title="Battle of Sharon">Sharon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tulkarm" title="Battle of Tulkarm">Tulkarm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabsor" title="Battle of Tabsor">Tabsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arara" title="Battle of Arara">2nd Arara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nazareth" title="Battle of Nazareth">Nazareth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Afulah_and_Beisan" title="Capture of Afulah and Beisan">Afulah & Beisan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Jenin" title="Capture of Jenin">Jenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Haifa_(1918)" title="Battle of Haifa (1918)">Haifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Samakh" title="Battle of Samakh">Samakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Tiberias_(1918)" title="Capture of Tiberias (1918)">Tiberias</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nablus_(1918)" title="Battle of Nablus (1918)">Nablus</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Syria</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Damascus" title="Capture of Damascus">Damascus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charge_at_Irbid" title="Charge at Irbid">Irbid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jisr_Benat_Yakub" title="Battle of Jisr Benat Yakub">Jisr Benat Yakub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charge_at_Kaukab" title="Charge at Kaukab">Kaukab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charge_at_Kiswe" title="Charge at Kiswe">Kiswe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charge_at_Khan_Ayash" title="Charge at Khan Ayash">Khan Ayash</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pursuit_to_Haritan" title="Pursuit to Haritan">Northern Syria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aleppo_(1918)" title="Battle of Aleppo (1918)">Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charge_at_Haritan" title="Charge at Haritan">Haritan</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Arab_Revolt" title="Arab Revolt">Arab Revolt</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mecca_(1916)" title="Battle of Mecca (1916)">Mecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Medina" title="Siege of Medina">Medina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Taif_(1916)" title="Battle of Taif (1916)">Taif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Yanbu" title="Capture of Yanbu">Yanbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aqaba" title="Battle of Aqaba">Aqaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wadi_Musa" title="Battle of Wadi Musa">Wadi Musa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Arab_Revolt" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Arab_Revolt_(World_War_I)" title="Template:Campaignbox Arab Revolt (World War I)"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Arab_Revolt_(World_War_I)" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Arab Revolt (World War I)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Arab_Revolt_(World_War_I)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Arab Revolt (World War I)"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Arab_Revolt" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Arab_Revolt" title="Arab Revolt">Arab Revolt</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mecca_(1916)" title="Battle of Mecca (1916)">Mecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Medina" title="Siege of Medina">Medina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Taif_(1916)" title="Battle of Taif (1916)">Taif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Yanbu" title="Capture of Yanbu">Yanbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Wejh" title="Capture of Wejh">Wejh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aqaba" title="Battle of Aqaba">Aqaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wadi_Musa" title="Battle of Wadi Musa">Wadi Musa</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Megiddo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafas_massacre" title="Tafas massacre">Tafas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Damascus" title="Capture of Damascus">Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aleppo_(1918)" title="Battle of Aleppo (1918)">Aleppo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p>The <b>Battle of Megiddo</b><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was fought between 19 and 25 September 1918, on the <a href="/wiki/Plain_of_Sharon" class="mw-redirect" title="Plain of Sharon">Plain of Sharon</a>, in front of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tulkarm_(1918)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Tulkarm (1918)">Tulkarm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabsor_(1918)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Tabsor (1918)">Tabsor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arara" title="Battle of Arara">Arara</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Judean_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Judean Hills">Judean Hills</a> as well as on the <a href="/wiki/Jezreel_Valley" title="Jezreel Valley">Esdralon Plain</a> at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nazareth_(1918)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Nazareth (1918)">Nazareth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Afulah_and_Beisan" title="Capture of Afulah and Beisan">Afulah, Beisan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Jenin_(1918)" class="mw-redirect" title="Capture of Jenin (1918)">Jenin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Samakh_(1918)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Samakh (1918)">Samakh</a>. Its name, which has been described as "perhaps misleading"<sup id="cite_ref-Catherwood2014_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Catherwood2014-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> since very limited fighting took place near <a href="/wiki/Tel_Megiddo" title="Tel Megiddo">Tel Megiddo</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Palmer2000_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palmer2000-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was chosen by British commander Edmund Allenby for its biblical and symbolic resonance.<sup id="cite_ref-Palmer2000_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palmer2000-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The battle was the final Allied offensive of the <a href="/wiki/Sinai_and_Palestine_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinai and Palestine Campaign">Sinai and Palestine Campaign</a> of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. The contending forces were the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Allied</a> <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Expeditionary_Force" title="Egyptian Expeditionary Force">Egyptian Expeditionary Force</a>, of three <a href="/wiki/Corps" title="Corps">corps</a> including one of mounted troops, and the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> <a href="/wiki/Yildirim_Army_Group" title="Yildirim Army Group">Yildirim Army Group</a> which numbered three <a href="/wiki/Field_army" title="Field army">armies</a>, each the strength of barely an Allied corps. The series of battles took place in what was then the central and northern parts of Ottoman <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a> and parts of present-day Israel, Syria and Jordan. After forces of the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Revolt" title="Arab Revolt">Arab Revolt</a> attacked the Ottoman lines of communication, distracting the Ottomans, British and <a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Army" title="British Indian Army">Indian</a> infantry <a href="/wiki/Division_(military_unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Division (military unit)">divisions</a> attacked and broke through the Ottoman defensive lines in the sector adjacent to the coast in the set-piece <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sharon" title="Battle of Sharon">Battle of Sharon</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Desert_Mounted_Corps" title="Desert Mounted Corps">Desert Mounted Corps</a> rode through the breach and almost <a href="/wiki/Encirclement" title="Encirclement">encircled</a> the Ottoman <a href="/wiki/Seventh_Army_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Seventh Army (Ottoman Empire)">Seventh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Army_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Eighth Army (Ottoman Empire)">Eighth armies</a> still fighting in the Judean Hills. The subsidiary <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nablus_(1918)" title="Battle of Nablus (1918)">Battle of Nablus</a> was fought virtually simultaneously in the Judean Hills in front of <a href="/wiki/Nablus" title="Nablus">Nablus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Third_Transjordan_attack_(1918)" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Transjordan attack (1918)">at crossings</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a>. The Ottoman <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Army_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Fourth Army (Ottoman Empire)">Fourth Army</a> was subsequently attacked in the Hills of <a href="/wiki/Moab" title="Moab">Moab</a> at <a href="/wiki/Salt,_Jordan" class="mw-redirect" title="Salt, Jordan">Es Salt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a>. </p><p>These battles resulted in many tens of thousands of prisoners and many miles of territory being captured by the Allies. Following the battles, <a href="/wiki/Daraa" title="Daraa">Daraa</a> was captured on 27 September, Damascus on 1 October and operations at Haritan, north of Aleppo, were still in progress when the <a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Mudros" title="Armistice of Mudros">Armistice of Mudros</a> was signed ending hostilities between the Allies and Ottomans. </p><p>The operations of General <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Allenby" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmund Allenby">Edmund Allenby</a>, the British commander of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force, achieved decisive results at comparatively little cost, in contrast to many offensives during the First World War. Allenby achieved this through the use of creeping barrages to cover set-piece infantry attacks to break a state of trench warfare and then use his mobile forces (<a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">cavalry</a>, armoured cars and aircraft) to encircle the Ottoman armies' positions in the Judean Hills, cutting off their lines of retreat. The irregular forces of the Arab Revolt also played a part in this victory. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ancient fortress of <a href="/wiki/Tel_Megiddo" title="Tel Megiddo">Megiddo</a> stands on Tell el-Mutesellim (Tel Megiddo), at the mouth of the Musmus Pass near <a href="/wiki/Al-Lajjun" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Lajjun">al-Lajjun</a>, controlling the routes to the north and the interior by dominating the Plain of <a href="/wiki/Armageddon" title="Armageddon">Armageddon</a> or of Megiddo. Across this plain several armies, from the ancient Egyptians to the French under <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>, had fought on their way towards Nazareth in the Galilean Hills. By 1918 this plain, known as the Plain of Esdraelon (the <a href="/wiki/Jezreel_Valley" title="Jezreel Valley">Jezreel Valley</a> in Israeli terms) was still strategically important as it linked the <a href="/wiki/Jordan_Valley" title="Jordan Valley">Jordan Valley</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sharon_plain" title="Sharon plain">Plain of Sharon</a> 40 miles (64 km) behind the Ottoman front line, and together, these three valleys formed a semicircle round the main Ottoman positions in the Judean Hills held by their Seventh and Eighth armies.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Allied_situation">Allied situation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Allied situation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Entente Powers</a> had declared war on the Ottoman Empire in November 1914. In early 1915 and in August 1916 the Ottomans, with German commanders, aid and encouragement, had attacked the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a>, a vital link between Britain and India, Australia and New Zealand. Under General <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Murray" title="Archibald Murray">Archibald Murray</a>, the British <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Expeditionary_Force" title="Egyptian Expeditionary Force">Egyptian Expeditionary Force</a> (EEF) stopped the Ottoman army at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Romani" title="Battle of Romani">Battle of Romani</a> and drove them back to <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Magdhaba" title="Battle of Magdhaba">Magdhaba</a> and across the Sinai to <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rafa" title="Battle of Rafa">Rafa</a> to reoccupy Egyptian territory and secure the safety of the Suez Canal. Having constructed a railway and water pipeline across the desert, Murray then attacked southern Palestine. In the <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Gaza" title="First Battle of Gaza">First Battle of Gaza</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Gaza" title="Second Battle of Gaza">Second Battle of Gaza</a> in March and April 1917, the British attacks were defeated. </p><p>In 1916, the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Revolt" title="Arab Revolt">Arab Revolt</a> against Ottoman rule had broken out in the <a href="/wiki/Hejaz" title="Hejaz">Hejaz</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Hussein_bin_Ali,_Sharif_of_Mecca" class="mw-redirect" title="Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca">Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca</a>. Although the Ottomans defended <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a>, at the end of the <a href="/wiki/Hejaz_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Hejaz Railway">Hejaz Railway</a> against them, part of the <a href="/wiki/Sharifian_Army" title="Sharifian Army">Sherifian Army</a>, led by Hussein's son, the <a href="/wiki/Faisal_I_of_Iraq" title="Faisal I of Iraq">Emir Feisal</a>, and British liaison officer <a href="/wiki/T._E._Lawrence" title="T. E. Lawrence">T. E. Lawrence</a>, extended the revolt northwards. Finally, Lawrence and bedouin tribesmen won the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aqaba" title="Battle of Aqaba">Battle of Aqaba</a> in July 1917. The capture of the port of <a href="/wiki/Aqaba" title="Aqaba">Aqaba</a> allowed the Allies to supply Feisal's forces and deprived the Ottomans of a position behind the right flank of the EEF. </p><p>General Allenby had been appointed to succeed Murray in command of the EEF, and was encouraged to renew the offensive. After receiving reinforcements, he broke through the Ottoman defences in the <a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Gaza" title="Third Battle of Gaza">Third Battle of Gaza</a> and defeated an Ottoman attempt to make a stand to the north at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mughar_Ridge" title="Battle of Mughar Ridge">Battle of Mughar Ridge</a>. Despite Ottoman counter-attacks, the EEF <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jerusalem_(1917)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Jerusalem (1917)">captured Jerusalem</a> in the second week in December 1917. </p><p>After a pause of several weeks caused by bad weather and the need to repair his lines of communication, Allenby advanced eastward to <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Jericho_(1918)" class="mw-redirect" title="Capture of Jericho (1918)">capture Jericho</a> in February 1918. However, in March, the Germans launched their <a href="/wiki/German_spring_offensive" title="German spring offensive">spring offensive</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a>, intending to defeat the Allied armies in France and Belgium. Allenby was ordered to send reinforcements (two complete divisions, another 24 infantry <a href="/wiki/Battalion" title="Battalion">battalions</a> from other divisions and nine dismounted <a href="/wiki/Yeomanry" title="Yeomanry">yeomanry</a> <a href="/wiki/Regiment" title="Regiment">regiments</a>) to the Western Front.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Allenby's <a href="/wiki/Tank" title="Tank">tank</a> force was also returned to France.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In total approximately 60,000 officers and men were transferred to the Western Front in 1918.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, Allenby maintained pressure on the Ottoman armies by twice sending mounted and infantry divisions across the <a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan</a>. The <a href="/wiki/First_Transjordan_attack_on_Amman" class="mw-redirect" title="First Transjordan attack on Amman">first attack</a> briefly cut the Hejaz Railway near <a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a> before the attackers retreated. In the <a href="/wiki/Second_Transjordan_attack_on_Shunet_Nimrin_and_Es_Salt" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Transjordan attack on Shunet Nimrin and Es Salt">second attack</a>, Allenby's troops captured <a href="/wiki/Es_Salt" class="mw-redirect" title="Es Salt">Es Salt</a> on the road to Amman, but fell back when their communications were threatened. Despite these failures, Allenby had established two bridgeheads across the Jordan north of the <a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea" title="Dead Sea">Dead Sea</a> which were retained during the ensuing occupation of the southern <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Jordan_Valley_(1918)" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupation of the Jordan Valley (1918)">Jordan Valley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ottoman_situation">Ottoman situation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ottoman situation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the same time (effectively from 8 March 1918), the Ottoman command changed.<sup id="cite_ref-Erickson194_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Erickson194-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The highest level Ottoman headquarters in Palestine was the <a href="/wiki/Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m_Army_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Yıldırım Army Group">Yıldırım Army Group</a>. The army group had originally been formed to recapture <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> which had been <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Baghdad_(1917)" title="Fall of Baghdad (1917)">captured by the British</a> in March 1917. Instead, it had been diverted to Palestine where the British were close to capturing Jerusalem. The army group's commander was the German general, <a href="/wiki/Erich_von_Falkenhayn" title="Erich von Falkenhayn">Erich von Falkenhayn</a>, who wished to continue a policy of "<a href="/wiki/Defence_in_depth" title="Defence in depth">yielding defence</a>" rather than hold all positions at all costs. He was also prepared to retreat to shorten his lines of communication and reduce the need for static garrisons. However, he was unpopular among Ottoman officers, mainly because he relied almost exclusively on German rather than Ottoman staff officers, and was blamed for the defeats at <a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Gaza" title="Third Battle of Gaza">Gaza</a> and Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was replaced by another German General, <a href="/wiki/Otto_Liman_von_Sanders" title="Otto Liman von Sanders">Otto Liman von Sanders</a>, who had commanded the Ottoman defence during the <a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallipoli Campaign">Gallipoli Campaign</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Erickson194_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Erickson194-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Liman reasoned that continued retreat in Palestine would demoralise the troops, ruin their <a href="/wiki/Draught_animal" class="mw-redirect" title="Draught animal">draught animals</a>, encourage the Arab Revolt to spread further north into the Ottoman rear areas and also lead to all the Ottoman forces to the south in the <a href="/wiki/Hejaz" title="Hejaz">Hejaz</a> being finally isolated.<sup id="cite_ref-LiddellHart437_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LiddellHart437-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His forces halted their retreat and dug in to resist the British, even reoccupying some ground near the Jordan as Allenby's two raids across the Jordan were repulsed.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Until late September 1918, the strategic situation of the Ottoman Empire appeared to be better than that of the other <a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a>. Their forces in Mesopotamia were holding their ground, while in the Caucasus they had captured Armenia, Azerbaijan and much of Georgia in an advance towards the <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a>. Liman von Sanders was expected to repeat his defence of Gallipoli and defeat the British invasion in Palestine.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, some other commanders were worried about an assault on their extended front in Palestine. They wished to pull their troops back, so an attack would have to cross undefended ground and lose any tactical surprise. However, Liman would have had to abandon what seemed to be good defences and he decided that it was too late to pull back.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Allied_reorganisation">Allied reorganisation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Allied reorganisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the summer of 1918, Allenby's forces were built back up to full strength. Two <a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Army" title="British Indian Army">British Indian Army</a> cavalry divisions, the <a href="/wiki/4th_Cavalry_Division_(British_Indian_Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="4th Cavalry Division (British Indian Army)">4th Cavalry Division</a> and <a href="/wiki/5th_Cavalry_Division_(British_Indian_Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="5th Cavalry Division (British Indian Army)">5th Cavalry Division</a>, arrived from the Western Front and were reorganised to include one British <a href="/wiki/Yeomanry" title="Yeomanry">yeomanry</a> regiment in five of their six brigades.<sup id="cite_ref-p24_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p24-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two Indian infantry divisions, the <a href="/wiki/3rd_(Lahore)_Division" title="3rd (Lahore) Division">3rd (Lahore) Division</a> and the <a href="/wiki/7th_(Meerut)_Division" title="7th (Meerut) Division">7th (Meerut) Division</a>, were transferred from the <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesopotamian Campaign">Mesopotamian Campaign</a> to replace two divisions which had been sent to the <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_One)" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Front (World War One)">Western Front</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-p24_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p24-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Four of Allenby's infantry divisions (the <a href="/wiki/10th_(Irish)_Division" title="10th (Irish) Division">10th</a>, <a href="/wiki/53rd_(Welsh)_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="53rd (Welsh) Division">53rd</a>, <a href="/wiki/60th_(2/2nd_London)_Division" title="60th (2/2nd London) Division">60th</a> and <a href="/wiki/75th_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="75th Division (United Kingdom)">75th</a>) were reformed on the pattern of British Indian Army, with three Indian and one British infantry battalion in each brigade<sup id="cite_ref-Hanafin_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hanafin-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> except one brigade in the 53rd Division which had one British, one South African and two Indian battalions.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The remaining British infantry division, the <a href="/wiki/54th_(East_Anglian)_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="54th (East Anglian) Division">54th (East Anglian) Division</a>, retained its all-British composition, although the brigade-sized <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9tachement_Fran%C3%A7ais_de_Palestine_et_de_Syrie" title="Détachement Français de Palestine et de Syrie">Détachement Français de Palestine et de Syrie</a> was attached to the division.<sup id="cite_ref-Hanafin_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hanafin-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There was a comparative lull in activity while Allenby's divisions were reorganised and retrained, but some local attacks were made, especially in the Judean Hills. On 19 July, the Ottomans and Germans mounted a brief attack at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Abu_Tellul" title="Battle of Abu Tellul">Abu Tellul</a> near the Jordan, but were defeated by <a href="/wiki/Australian_Light_Horse" title="Australian Light Horse">Australian Light Horse</a> regiments with heavy casualties to the German 11th Reserve <i><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4ger_(military)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jäger (military)">Jäger</a></i> battalion, which was subsequently withdrawn from Palestine.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arab_Northern_Army">Arab Northern Army</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Arab Northern Army"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As Allenby's reorganisation proceeded, the <a href="/wiki/Sharifian_Army" title="Sharifian Army">Arab Northern Army</a> (part of the Arab Revolt) was operating east of the Jordan under the overall leadership of the Emir Feisal. Feisal's headquarters were at Aba el Lissan, about 15 miles (24 km) south-west of the Ottoman position at <a href="/wiki/Ma%27an" title="Ma'an">Ma'an</a>, and his army received support from the British through the port of Aqaba. Assistance to Feisal included liaison officers, detachments of armoured cars, Indian machine gunners and a French Algerian mountain battery,<sup id="cite_ref-Wavell_1968_pp._199–200_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wavell_1968_pp._199–200-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2,000 dromedary from three disbanded battalions of the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Camel_Corps_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Camel Corps Brigade">Imperial Camel Corps Brigade</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> weapons, ammunition and above all, money (almost always in coin). In mid-1916, this had started as a monthly subsidy of £30,000. By the time Allenby launched his Megiddo offensive, it had grown to £220,000 a month.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 2,000<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> regular soldiers of the Arab Northern Army maintained a blockade of the Ottoman garrison at Ma'an after an unsuccessful attack at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khirbet_es-Samra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khirbet es-Samra (page does not exist)">Khirbet es-Samra</a> earlier in the year.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were commanded by <a href="/wiki/Jaafar_Pasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaafar Pasha">Jaafar Pasha</a>, formerly an Ottoman officer who had been sent to lead a rebellion against the British by the <a href="/wiki/Senussi" class="mw-redirect" title="Senussi">Senussi</a> in Egypt, but had joined the Arab Revolt after being captured. Most of these regulars were former Arab conscripts in the Ottoman Army who had deserted or, like Jaafar, had changed sides after becoming <a href="/wiki/Prisoners_of_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Prisoners of war">prisoners of war</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, Arab irregulars raided the <a href="/wiki/Hejaz_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Hejaz Railway">Hejaz Railway</a> from Aba-el-Lissan and Aqaba, often accompanied by Lawrence and other British liaison officers.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In particular, in the weeks following the failure of Allenby's second attack across the Jordan, they carried out demolitions on an 80 miles (130 km) stretch of line around <a href="/wiki/Mudawwara" title="Mudawwara">Mudawara</a>, due east of Aqaba, effectively closing the line for a month and ending Ottoman operations around Medina at the end of the railway.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I do not for one moment denigrate the good name of Lawrence, nor detract from his leadership in the 'Arab Revolt' in Arabia in harassing the Turks, blowing up trains, etc. but when it came to co–operation with Allenby's forces, the Arabs under Lawrence had in my experience, nuisance value only.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Rex Hall 5th Light Horse Brigade<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prelude">Prelude</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Prelude"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_battle_for_the_Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of battle for the Battle of Megiddo (1918)">Order of battle for the Battle of Megiddo (1918)</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Allenby's_plan"><span id="Allenby.27s_plan"></span>Allenby's plan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Allenby's plan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Allenby intended to break through the western end of the Ottoman line, where the terrain was favourable to cavalry operations. His horsemen would pass through the gap to seize objectives deep in the Ottoman rear areas and isolate their <a href="/wiki/Seventh_Army_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Seventh Army (Ottoman Empire)">Seventh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Army_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Eighth Army (Ottoman Empire)">Eighth</a> Armies.<sup id="cite_ref-LiddellHart435_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LiddellHart435-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a preliminary move, the Arab Northern Army would attack the railway junction at <a href="/wiki/Daraa" title="Daraa">Daraa</a> beginning on 16 September, to interrupt the Ottoman lines of communication and distract the Yildirim headquarters.<sup id="cite_ref-Falls2p448_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Falls2p448-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wavell_1968_pp._199–200_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wavell_1968_pp._199–200-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The two divisions of <a href="/wiki/XX_Corps_(United_Kingdom)" title="XX Corps (United Kingdom)">XX Corps</a>, commanded by Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Philip_Chetwode,_1st_Baron_Chetwode" title="Philip Chetwode, 1st Baron Chetwode">Philip Chetwode</a>, would make an attack in the Judean Hills beginning on the night of 18 September, partly to further distract Ottoman attention to the Jordan Valley sector, and partly to secure positions from which their line of retreat across the Jordan could be blocked.<sup id="cite_ref-LiddellHart437_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LiddellHart437-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once the main offensive by <a href="/wiki/XXI_Corps_(United_Kingdom)" title="XXI Corps (United Kingdom)">XXI Corps</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Desert_Mounted_Corps" title="Desert Mounted Corps">Desert Mounted Corps</a> was launched, XX Corps was to block the Ottoman escape route from Nablus to the Jordan crossing at <a href="/wiki/Jisr_ed_Damieh" class="mw-redirect" title="Jisr ed Damieh">Jisr ed Damieh</a> and if possible capture the Ottoman Seventh Army's headquarters in Nablus.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Carver232_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carver232-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The main breakthrough was to be achieved on the coast on 19 September by four infantry divisions of XXI Corps, commanded by Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Edward_Bulfin" title="Edward Bulfin">Edward Bulfin</a>, massed on a front 8 miles (13 km) wide. The fifth division of XXI Corps (the 54th) was to make a subsidiary attack 5 miles (8.0 km) inland of the main breach.<sup id="cite_ref-LiddellHart437_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LiddellHart437-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once the breakthrough was achieved, the corps, with the <a href="/wiki/5th_Light_Horse_Brigade" title="5th Light Horse Brigade">5th Light Horse Brigade</a> attached, would advance to capture the headquarters of the Ottoman Eighth Army at <a href="/wiki/Tulkarm" title="Tulkarm">Tulkarm</a> and the lateral railway line by which the Ottoman Seventh and Eighth Armies were supplied, including the important railway junction at Messudieh.<sup id="cite_ref-Falls2p448_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Falls2p448-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Carver232_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carver232-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Falls2p455-6_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Falls2p455-6-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The strategic move was to be made by the Desert Mounted Corps, commanded by Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Harry_Chauvel" title="Harry Chauvel">Harry Chauvel</a>. Its three mounted divisions were massed behind the three westernmost infantry divisions of XXI Corps. As soon as XXI Corps had breached the Ottoman defences, they were to march north to reach the passes through the <a href="/wiki/Mount_Carmel" title="Mount Carmel">Carmel Range</a> before Ottoman troops could forestall them, and pass through these to seize the communication centres of <a href="/wiki/Afula" title="Afula">Al-Afuleh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beisan" class="mw-redirect" title="Beisan">Beisan</a>. These two communication centres were within the 60 miles (97 km) radius of a strategic cavalry "bound", the distance mounted units could cover before being forced to halt for rest and to obtain water and fodder for the horses. If they were captured, the lines of communication and retreat for all Ottoman troops west of the Jordan would be cut.<sup id="cite_ref-LiddellHart435_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LiddellHart435-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Finally, a detachment consisting of the <a href="/wiki/Anzac_Mounted_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Anzac Mounted Division">Anzac Mounted Division</a>, the 20th Indian Infantry Brigade, two battalions of the <a href="/wiki/British_West_Indies_Regiment" title="British West Indies Regiment">British West Indies Regiment</a>, and two battalions of Jewish Volunteers in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Fusiliers" title="Royal Fusiliers">Royal Fusiliers</a>, amounting to 11,000 men<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> commanded by Major General <a href="/wiki/Edward_Chaytor" title="Edward Chaytor">Edward Chaytor</a> and known as <a href="/wiki/Chaytor%27s_Force" title="Chaytor's Force">Chaytor's Force</a>, was to capture the Jisr ed Damieh bridge and fords in a <a href="/wiki/Pincer_movement" title="Pincer movement">pincer movement</a>. This important line of communication between the Ottoman Armies on the west bank of the Jordan with the Ottoman Fourth Army at Es Salt, was required by Allenby before Chaytor could proceed to capture Es Salt and Amman.<sup id="cite_ref-Falls2p455-6_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Falls2p455-6-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Allenby_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allenby-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Entente_deceptions">Entente deceptions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Entente deceptions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Secrecy was an essential part, as it had been at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beersheba_(1917)" title="Battle of Beersheba (1917)">Battle of Beersheba</a> the preceding year. It was feared that the Ottomans could thwart the preparations for the attack by making a withdrawal in the coastal sector.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Laborious efforts were therefore made to prevent the Ottomans discerning Allenby's intentions and to persuade them that the next Entente attack would be made in the Jordan Valley. All westward movements of personnel and vehicles from the Jordan Valley towards the Mediterranean coast were made during the night while all movements eastwards were made during daytime. The detached Anzac Mounted Division in the Jordan Valley simulated the activity of the entire mounted corps. Troops marched openly down to the valley by day, and were secretly taken back by lorry at night to repeat the process the next day. Vehicles or mules dragged harrows along tracks to raise dust clouds, simulating other troop movements. Dummy camps and horse lines were constructed and a hotel in Jerusalem was ostentatiously commandeered for an Expeditionary Force headquarters.<sup id="cite_ref-LiddellHart437_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LiddellHart437-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, the 2nd (British) Battalion of the Imperial Camel Corps joined Arab irregulars in a raid east of the Jordan. They first captured and destroyed the railway station at Mudawara, finally cutting the Hejaz Railway,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and then mounted a reconnaissance near Amman, scattering corned beef tins and documents as proof of their presence.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lawrence sent agents to openly buy up huge quantities of forage in the same area.<sup id="cite_ref-LiddellHart437_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LiddellHart437-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a final touch, British newspapers and messages were filled with reports of a race meeting to take place on 19 September, the day on which the attack was to be launched.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Though Allenby's <a href="/wiki/Military_deception" title="Military deception">deceptions</a> did not induce Liman to concentrate his forces against the River Jordan flank,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Allenby was nevertheless able to concentrate a force superior to the Ottoman XXII Corps by nearly five to one in infantry and even more in artillery on the Mediterranean flank, where the main attack was to be made, undetected by the Ottomans.<sup id="cite_ref-LiddellHart437_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LiddellHart437-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Earlier in the year (on 9 June), units of the 7th (Meerut) Division had captured two hills just inland from the coast, depriving the Ottomans of two important observation points overlooking the Allied bridgehead north of the Nahr-el-Auja.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Engineers" title="Royal Engineers">Royal Engineers</a> had established a bridging school on the <a href="/wiki/Yarkon_River" title="Yarkon River">Nahr-al-Auja</a> much earlier in the year, so the sudden appearance of several bridges across it on the eve of the assault did not alert any other Ottoman observers.<sup id="cite_ref-Falls39_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Falls39-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Entente_air_superiority">Entente air superiority</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Entente air superiority"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_group_of_German_prisoners_captured_during_the_fight_at_Semakh_on_the_Sea_of_Galilee._1918.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/A_group_of_German_prisoners_captured_during_the_fight_at_Semakh_on_the_Sea_of_Galilee._1918.JPG/250px-A_group_of_German_prisoners_captured_during_the_fight_at_Semakh_on_the_Sea_of_Galilee._1918.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/A_group_of_German_prisoners_captured_during_the_fight_at_Semakh_on_the_Sea_of_Galilee._1918.JPG/375px-A_group_of_German_prisoners_captured_during_the_fight_at_Semakh_on_the_Sea_of_Galilee._1918.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/A_group_of_German_prisoners_captured_during_the_fight_at_Semakh_on_the_Sea_of_Galilee._1918.JPG/500px-A_group_of_German_prisoners_captured_during_the_fight_at_Semakh_on_the_Sea_of_Galilee._1918.JPG 2x" data-file-width="629" data-file-height="362" /></a><figcaption>A group of German prisoners captured during the fight at <a href="/wiki/Samakh,_Tiberias" title="Samakh, Tiberias">Semakh</a> on the Sea of Galilee.</figcaption></figure> <p>These various deceptions could not have been successful without the Entente forces' undisputed air supremacy west of the Jordan. The squadrons of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Flying_Corps" title="Australian Flying Corps">Australian Flying Corps</a> outnumbered and outclassed the Ottoman and German aircraft detachments in Palestine.<sup id="cite_ref-Falls39_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Falls39-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the weeks before the September attack, enemy aerial activity dropped markedly. Although during one week in June hostile aeroplanes crossed the British front lines 100 times, mainly on the tip–and–run principle at altitudes of 16,000–18,000 feet (4,900–5,500 m), by the last week in August this number had dropped to 18 and during the three following weeks of September it was reduced to just four enemy aircraft. During the 18 days before the start of the battle, only two or three German aircraft were seen flying.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eventually, Ottoman and German reconnaissance aircraft could not even take off without being engaged by British or Australian fighters,<sup id="cite_ref-LiddellHart437_14-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LiddellHart437-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and could therefore not see through Allenby's deceptions, nor spot the true Allied concentration which was concealed in orange groves and plantations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ottoman_dispositions">Ottoman dispositions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Ottoman dispositions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under the Yildirim Army Group were, from west to east: the <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Army_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Eighth Army (Ottoman Empire)">Eighth Army</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cevat_%C3%87obanl%C4%B1" title="Cevat Çobanlı">Jevad Pasha</a>) which held the front from the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean</a> coast to the <a href="/wiki/Judaean_Mountains" title="Judaean Mountains">Judean Hills</a> with five divisions (one of which had recently arrived at <a href="/wiki/Et_Tire" class="mw-redirect" title="Et Tire">Et Tire</a>, a few miles behind the front lines), a cavalry division and the German "Pasha II" detachment, equivalent to a regiment; the <a href="/wiki/Seventh_Army_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Seventh Army (Ottoman Empire)">Seventh Army</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Pasha</a>) which held the front in the Judean Hills to the <a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a> with four divisions and a German regiment; and the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Army_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Fourth Army (Ottoman Empire)">Fourth Army</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cemal_Mersinli" title="Cemal Mersinli">Jemal Mersinli Pasha</a>), which was divided into two groups: one faced the bridgeheads which Allenby's forces had seized over the Jordan with two divisions, while the other defended Amman and Ma'an and the Hejaz Railway against attacks by Arab forces with two divisions, a cavalry division and some miscellaneous detachments.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 1918, the Yildirim Army Group's front-line strength was 40,598 infantrymen armed with 19,819 rifles, 273 light and 696 heavy machine guns,<sup id="cite_ref-Erickson196_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Erickson196-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (February 2012)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and 402 guns.<sup id="cite_ref-LiddellHart432_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LiddellHart432-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the Ottomans had fairly accurately estimated the total Allied strength, Liman lacked intelligence on the Allied plans and dispositions and was forced to dispose his forces evenly along the entire length of his front. Moreover, almost his entire fighting strength was in the front line. The armies' only operational reserves were the two German regiments and the two understrength cavalry divisions. Further back there were no strategic reserves other than some "Depot Regiments", not organised as fighting units, and scattered garrisons and line of communication units.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After four years of warfare, most Ottoman units were understrength and demoralised by desertions, sickness and shortage of supplies (although supplies were not short at Damascus when Desert Mounted Corps arrived there on 1 October 1918. It was possible to find food and forage for three cavalry divisions; 20,000 men and horses "without depriving the inhabitants of essential food."<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). Liman nevertheless relied on the determination of the Turkish infantry and the strength of their front-line fortifications.<sup id="cite_ref-Erickson196_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Erickson196-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the numbers of artillery pieces and especially of machine guns among the defenders were unusually high, the Ottoman lines had only thin belts of barbed wire compared with those on the Western Front,<sup id="cite_ref-Erickson198_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Erickson198-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Liman was unable to take into account the improved British tactical methods in set-piece offensives, involving surprise and short but accurate artillery preparation based on aerial reconnaissance.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battle">Battle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opening_attacks">Opening attacks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Opening attacks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 16 September 1918, Arabs under T. E. Lawrence and <a href="/wiki/Nuri_as-Said" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuri as-Said">Nuri as-Said</a> began destroying railway lines around the vital rail centre of Daraa, at the junction of the Hedjaz Railway which supplied the Ottoman army at Amman and the Palestine Railway which supplied the Ottoman armies in Palestine. Lawrence's initial forces (a Camel Corps unit from Feisal's Army, an Egyptian Camel Corps unit, some <a href="/wiki/Gurkha" title="Gurkha">Gurkha</a> machine gunners, British and Australian armoured cars and French mountain artillery) were soon joined by up to 3,000 <a href="/wiki/Ruwallah" title="Ruwallah">Ruwallah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Howeitat" title="Howeitat">Howeitat</a> tribesmen under noted fighting chiefs such as <a href="/wiki/Auda_abu_Tayi" class="mw-redirect" title="Auda abu Tayi">Auda abu Tayi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nuri_bin_Hazaa_Al_Shalaan" title="Nuri bin Hazaa Al Shalaan">Nuri al-Shaalan</a>. Although Lawrence was ordered by Allenby only to disrupt communications around Daraa for a week and Lawrence himself had not intended a major uprising to take place in the area immediately, to avoid Ottoman reprisals, a growing number of local communities spontaneously took up arms against the Turks.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Erickson2001p198_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Erickson2001p198-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the Ottomans reacted, sending the garrison of Al-Afuleh to reinforce Daraa,<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the units of Chetwode's Corps made attacks in the hills above the Jordan on 17 and 18 September. The 53rd Division attempted to seize ground commanding the road system behind the Ottoman front lines. Some objectives were captured but a position known to the British as "Nairn Ridge" was defended by the Ottomans until late on 19 September. Once it was captured, roads could be constructed to link the British road systems with those newly captured.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the last minute, an Indian deserter had warned the Turks about the impending main attack. <a href="/wiki/Refet_Bele" title="Refet Bele">Refet Bey</a>, the commander of the <a href="/wiki/XXII_Corps_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="XXII Corps (Ottoman Empire)">Ottoman XXII Corps</a> on the Eighth Army's right flank, wished to withdraw to forestall the attack but his superiors Jevad Pasha, commanding the Ottoman Eighth Army, and Liman (who feared that the deserter was himself an attempted intelligence bluff) forbade him to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-LiddellHart437_14-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LiddellHart437-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Erickson2001p198_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Erickson2001p198-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AWMB02113_HandleyPage_Aircraft.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/AWMB02113_HandleyPage_Aircraft.jpg/220px-AWMB02113_HandleyPage_Aircraft.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/AWMB02113_HandleyPage_Aircraft.jpg/330px-AWMB02113_HandleyPage_Aircraft.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/AWMB02113_HandleyPage_Aircraft.jpg/440px-AWMB02113_HandleyPage_Aircraft.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="472" /></a><figcaption>A side view of the Handley–Page 0/400 of No. 1 Squadron, Australian Flying Corps frequently piloted by Captain Ross Macpherson Smith</figcaption></figure> <p>At 1:00 am on 19 September, the <a href="/wiki/RAF_Palestine_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="RAF Palestine Brigade">RAF Palestine Brigade</a>'s single <a href="/wiki/Handley_Page_Type_O" title="Handley Page Type O">Handley Page O/400</a> heavy bomber dropped its full load of sixteen 112-pound (51 kg) bombs on the main telephone exchange and railway station in Al-Afuleh. This cut communications between Liman's headquarters at Nazareth and Ottoman Seventh and Eighth Armies for the following vital two days, dislocating the Ottoman command.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Airco_DH.9" title="Airco DH.9">DH.9s</a> of No. 144 Squadron also bombed El Afule telephone exchange and railway station, Messudieh railway junction and the Ottoman Seventh Army headquarters and telephone exchange at Nablus.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Breakthrough_of_Ottoman_line">Breakthrough of Ottoman line</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Breakthrough of Ottoman line"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sharon_(1918)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Sharon (1918)">Battle of Sharon (1918)</a></div> <p>At 4:30 am, Allenby's main attack by XXI Corps opened. A barrage by 385 guns (the field artillery of five divisions, five batteries of <a href="/wiki/BL_60-pounder_gun" title="BL 60-pounder gun">60-pounder guns</a>, thirteen siege batteries of medium howitzers and seven batteries of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Horse_Artillery" title="Royal Horse Artillery">Royal Horse Artillery</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-Falls37_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Falls37-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 60 trench <a href="/wiki/Mortar_(weapon)" title="Mortar (weapon)">mortars</a> and two <a href="/wiki/Destroyer" title="Destroyer">destroyers</a> off the coast fell on the Ottoman 7th and 20th Divisions' front-line positions defending <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tulkarm_(1918)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Tulkarm (1918)">Nahr el Faliq</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Falls37_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Falls37-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the opening bombardment turned to a "lifting" barrage at 4:50 am, the British and Indian infantry advanced and quickly broke through the Ottoman lines.<sup id="cite_ref-Erickson198_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Erickson198-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within hours, the Desert Mounted Corps were moving north along the coast, with no Ottoman reserves available to check them. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>From 10.00 hours onwards, a hostile aeroplane observer, if one had been available, flying over the Plain of Sharon would have seen a remarkable sight – ninety–four squadrons, disposed in great breadth and in great depth, hurrying forward relentlessly on a decisive mission – a mission of which all cavalry soldiers have dreamed, but in which few have been privileged to partake.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Lieutenant Colonel Rex Osborn in <i>The Cavalry Journal</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>According to Woodward, "concentration, surprise, and speed were key elements in the <i><a href="/wiki/Blitzkrieg" title="Blitzkrieg">blitzkrieg</a></i> warfare planned by Allenby".<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of the first day of battle, the left flank unit of the British XXI Corps (the 60th Division) had reached Tulkarm<sup id="cite_ref-LiddellHart438_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LiddellHart438-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the remnants of the Ottoman Eighth Army were in disorderly retreat under air attack by <a href="/wiki/Bristol_F.2_Fighter" title="Bristol F.2 Fighter">Bristol F.2 Fighters</a> of No. 1 Australian Squadron, through the defile at Messudieh and into the hills to the east, covered by a few rearguards hastily organised by the Gernan Asia Korps headquarters and its commander, Oberst Gustav von Oppen.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The headquarters of the Ottoman XXII Corps had been overrun and captured,<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although Refet Bey, the corps commander, escaped. Jevad Pasha, the army commander, had fled, and Mustafa Kemal Pasha at Seventh Army headquarters was unable to re-establish control over Eighth Army's troops.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Throughout the day, the RAF prevented any of the German aircraft based at <a href="/wiki/Jenin" title="Jenin">Jenin</a> from taking off and interfering with the British land operations. Relays of two <a href="/wiki/Royal_Aircraft_Factory_S.E.5" title="Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5">S.E.5s</a> from Nos. 111 and 145 Squadrons, armed with bombs, circled over the German airfield at Jenin all day on 19 September. Whenever they spotted any movement on the ground, they bombed the airfield. Each pair of aircraft were relieved every two hours, machine-gunning the German hangars before departing.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Encirclement_of_two_Ottoman_Armies">Encirclement of two Ottoman Armies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Encirclement of two Ottoman Armies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palestine-WW1-3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Palestine-WW1-3.jpg/300px-Palestine-WW1-3.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="433" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Palestine-WW1-3.jpg/450px-Palestine-WW1-3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Palestine-WW1-3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="588" data-file-height="848" /></a><figcaption>Progress of the battle, 19–24 September 1918</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tulkarm" title="Battle of Tulkarm">Battle of Tulkarm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabsor" title="Battle of Tabsor">Battle of Tabsor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arara" title="Battle of Arara">Battle of Arara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nazareth" title="Battle of Nazareth">Battle of Nazareth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Afulah_and_Beisan" title="Capture of Afulah and Beisan">Capture of Afulah and Beisan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Jenin" title="Capture of Jenin">Capture of Jenin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Haifa_(1918)" title="Battle of Haifa (1918)">Battle of Haifa (1918)</a></div> <p>During the early hours of 20 September 1918, the Desert Mounted Corps secured the <a href="/wiki/Defile_(geography)" title="Defile (geography)">defiles</a> of the Carmel Range. The 4th Mounted Division passed through these to capture Afulah and Beisan, complete with the bulk of two depot regiments. A brigade of the 5th Mounted Division attacked <a href="/wiki/Nazareth" title="Nazareth">Nazareth</a>, where Liman von Sanders's HQ was situated, although Liman himself escaped. In the late afternoon a brigade from the Australian Mounted Division occupied Jenin, capturing thousands of retreating Ottomans. The <a href="/wiki/15th_Imperial_Service_Cavalry_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="15th Imperial Service Cavalry Brigade">15th Imperial Service Cavalry Brigade</a>, of the 5th Mounted Division, captured the port of Haifa on 23 September.<sup id="cite_ref-LiddellHart438_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LiddellHart438-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Once nothing stood between Allenby's forces and Mustafa Kemal's Seventh Army in Nablus, Kemal decided that he lacked sufficient men to fight the British forces.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the railway blocked, the Seventh Army's only escape route lay to the east, along the Nablus-Beisan road that led down the <a href="/wiki/Wadi_al-Far%27a_(river)" title="Wadi al-Far'a (river)">Wadi Fara</a> into the Jordan valley.<sup id="cite_ref-HistoryOfWar_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HistoryOfWar-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)_Destroyed_Turkish_transport.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Battle_of_Megiddo_%281918%29_Destroyed_Turkish_transport.jpg/220px-Battle_of_Megiddo_%281918%29_Destroyed_Turkish_transport.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Battle_of_Megiddo_%281918%29_Destroyed_Turkish_transport.jpg/330px-Battle_of_Megiddo_%281918%29_Destroyed_Turkish_transport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Battle_of_Megiddo_%281918%29_Destroyed_Turkish_transport.jpg/440px-Battle_of_Megiddo_%281918%29_Destroyed_Turkish_transport.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="575" /></a><figcaption>Yildirim Army Group carts and gun carriages destroyed by EEF aircraft on the Nablus-Beisan road</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%95_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9D_,_%D7%A9%D7%9B%D7%9D-JNF022250.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%95_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9D_%2C_%D7%A9%D7%9B%D7%9D-JNF022250.jpeg/220px-%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%95_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9D_%2C_%D7%A9%D7%9B%D7%9D-JNF022250.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%95_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9D_%2C_%D7%A9%D7%9B%D7%9D-JNF022250.jpeg/330px-%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%95_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9D_%2C_%D7%A9%D7%9B%D7%9D-JNF022250.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%95_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9D_%2C_%D7%A9%D7%9B%D7%9D-JNF022250.jpeg/440px-%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%95_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9D_%2C_%D7%A9%D7%9B%D7%9D-JNF022250.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="504" /></a><figcaption>Seventh Army artillery abandoned in Nablus</figcaption></figure> <p>On the night of 20–21 September the Seventh Army began to evacuate Nablus.<sup id="cite_ref-HistoryOfWar_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HistoryOfWar-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By this time it was the last formed Ottoman army west of the Jordan and although there was a chance that Chetwode's XX Corps might cut off their retreat, its advance had been slowed by Ottoman rearguards. On 21 September, the Seventh Army was spotted by aircraft in a defile west of the river. The RAF proceeded to bomb the retreating army and destroyed the entire column. Waves of bombing and strafing aircraft passed over the column every three minutes and although the operation had been intended to last for five hours, the Seventh Army was routed in 60 minutes. The wreckage of the destroyed column stretched over 6 miles (9.7 km). British cavalry later found 87 guns, 55 motor-lorries, 4 motor-cars, 75 carts, 837 four-wheeled wagons, and scores of water-carts and field-kitchens destroyed or abandoned on the road.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many Ottoman soldiers were killed and the survivors were scattered and leaderless. Lawrence later wrote that "the RAF lost four killed. The Turks lost a corps."<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Chauvel's biographer, Allenby's plan for the Battle of Megiddo was as "brilliant in execution as it had been in conception; it had no parallel in France or on any other front, but rather looked forward in principle and even in detail to the <a href="/wiki/Blitzkrieg" title="Blitzkrieg">Blitzkrieg</a> of 1939."<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the next four days, the 4th Cavalry Division and Australian Mounted Division rounded up large numbers of demoralised and disorganised Ottoman troops in the <a href="/wiki/Jezreel_Valley" title="Jezreel Valley">Jezreel Valley</a>. Many of the surviving refugees who crossed the Jordan were attacked and captured by Arabs as they approached or tried to bypass Daraa.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Samakh_(1918)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Samakh (1918)">Battle of Samakh (1918)</a></div> <p>Liman deployed a rearguard to hold <a href="/wiki/Samakh,_Tiberias" title="Samakh, Tiberias">Samakh</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Galilee" title="Sea of Galilee">Sea of Galilee</a>. This town was to be the centre of a line stretching from <a href="/wiki/Lake_Hula" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Hula">Lake Hula</a> to <a href="/wiki/Daraa" title="Daraa">Daraa</a>. A charge by one and a half Australian Light Horse regiments before dawn on 25 September, followed by intense hand-to-hand fighting, eventually captured the town. This victory broke the proposed defensive line and ended the Battle of Sharon.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judean_Hills_fighting">Judean Hills fighting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Judean Hills fighting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nablus_(1918)" title="Battle of Nablus (1918)">Battle of Nablus (1918)</a></div> <p>As the Desert Mounted Corps and XXI Corps achieved their objectives, the units of XX Corps resumed their advance. Nablus was captured about noon on 21 September by the 10th Division and the Australian 5th Light Horse Brigade from XXI Corps. The British 53rd Division halted its advance towards the Wadi el Fara road when it became clear that the retreating Ottomans had effectively been destroyed by aerial attacks. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Falls_sketch_24.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="sketch map shows all the towns, roads and main geographic features" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Falls_sketch_24.jpeg/220px-Falls_sketch_24.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Falls_sketch_24.jpeg/330px-Falls_sketch_24.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Falls_sketch_24.jpeg/440px-Falls_sketch_24.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1437" data-file-height="1100" /></a><figcaption>Transjordan theatre of operations 21 March to 2 April; 30 April to 4 May and 20 to 29 September 1918</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_operations_around_Daraa">Later operations around Daraa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Later operations around Daraa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>German and Ottoman aircraft had continued to operate from Daraa, harassing the Arab irregulars and insurgents still attacking railways and isolated Ottoman detachments about the town. At Lawrence's urging, British aircraft began operating from makeshift landing strips at <a href="/wiki/Umm_al-Surab" title="Umm al-Surab">Um el Surab</a> nearby from 22 September. Three Bristol F.2 Fighters shot down several of the Ottoman aircraft. The Handley Page 0/400 ferried across petrol, ammunition and spares for the fighters and two Airco DH.9s, and itself bombed the airfield at Daraa early on 23 September and nearby <a href="/wiki/Mafraq" title="Mafraq">Mafraq</a> on the following night.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Capture_of_Amman">Capture of Amman</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Capture of Amman"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Third_Transjordan_attack_(1918)" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Transjordan attack (1918)">Third Transjordan attack (1918)</a></div> <p>On 22 September, on the western side of the Jordan River, the Ottoman 53rd Division was attacked at its headquarters near the Wadi el Fara road, by units from Meldrum's Force. This force consisted of the New Zealand Mounted Brigade (commanded by Brigadier General W. Meldrum), the Machine Gun Squadron, the mounted sections of the 1st and 2nd British West Indies Regiment, the 29th Indian Mountain Battery and Ayrshire (or Inverness) Battery RHA. Meldrum's force captured the commander of the 53rd Division, its headquarters and 600 prisoners, before defeating determined Ottoman rearguards to capture the Jisr ed Damieh bridge.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wavell221_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wavell221-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Ottoman Fourth Army had remained in its positions until 21 September, apparently unaware of the destruction of the Ottoman armies west of the Jordan until refugees reached them. That day, Liman ordered the Fourth Army to retreat to Daraa and Irbid, about 18 miles (29 km) to the west. The Fourth Army began to retreat from the Jordan and Amman on 22 September in increasing disorder due to attacks by British and Australian aircraft on 23 September which caused heavy casualties to the retreating troops on the roads between Es Salt and Amman. On the same day, Chaytor's Force advanced across the Jordan River to <a href="/wiki/Third_Transjordan_attack_(1918)#Capture_of_Es_Salt" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Transjordan attack (1918)">capture Es Salt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cutlack165–7_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cutlack165–7-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Falls97–99_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Falls97–99-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 25 September the Ottoman troops who had reached Mafraq by train from Amman, but who could proceed no further because the railway ahead was demolished, came under heavy aerial attack which caused many casualties and much disorder. Many Ottoman soldiers fled into the desert but several thousand maintained some order and, having abandoned their wheeled transport, continued to retreat northwards towards Daraa on foot or horseback, under constant air attack.<sup id="cite_ref-Cutlack165–7_86-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cutlack165–7-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chaytor's Force captured Amman on 25 September.<sup id="cite_ref-Wavell221_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wavell221-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ottoman detachment from Ma'an, also trying to retreat northwards, found its line of retreat blocked at <a href="/wiki/Al-Jizah,_Jordan" title="Al-Jizah, Jordan">Ziza</a>, south of Amman, and surrendered intact to the Anzac Mounted Division on 28 September, rather than risk slaughter by Arab irregulars.<sup id="cite_ref-Falls97–99_87-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Falls97–99-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I desire to convey to all ranks and all arms of the Force under my command, my admiration and thanks for their great deeds of the past week, and my appreciation of their gallantry and determination, which have resulted in the total destruction of the VIIth and VIIIth Turkish Armies opposed to us. Such a complete victory has seldom been known in all the history of war.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>E.H.H. Allenby, General Commander in Chief EEF 26 September 1918<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jisr_Benat_Yakub" title="Battle of Jisr Benat Yakub">Battle of Jisr Benat Yakub</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charge_at_Irbid" title="Charge at Irbid">Charge at Irbid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charge_at_Kaukab" title="Charge at Kaukab">Charge at Kaukab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charge_at_Kiswe" title="Charge at Kiswe">Charge at Kiswe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Damascus_(1918)" class="mw-redirect" title="Capture of Damascus (1918)">Capture of Damascus (1918)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pursuit_to_Haritan" title="Pursuit to Haritan">Pursuit to Haritan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aleppo_(1918)" title="Battle of Aleppo (1918)">Battle of Aleppo (1918)</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Capture_of_Damascus">Capture of Damascus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Capture of Damascus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Allenby now ordered his cavalry to cross the Jordan, to capture Daraa and Damascus. Meanwhile, the 3rd (Lahore) Division advanced north along the coast towards <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a> and the 7th (Meerut) Division advanced on <a href="/wiki/Baalbek" title="Baalbek">Baalbek</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Beqaa_Valley" title="Beqaa Valley">Beqaa Valley</a>, where the rearmost Ottoman depots and reinforcement camps were situated.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On 27 September, the 4th Mounted Division moved to Daraa, which had already been abandoned to Arab forces, and then advanced north on Damascus in company with them. The retreating Ottomans committed several atrocities against hostile Arab villages; in return, the Arab forces took no prisoners. Almost an entire Ottoman brigade (along with some German and Austrians) was massacred near the village of <a href="/wiki/Tafas" title="Tafas">Tafas</a> on 27 September, with the commander Jemal Pasha <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> narrowly escaping. The Arabs repeated the performance the next day, losing a few hundred casualties while wiping out nearly 5,000 Turks in these two battles.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The 5th Mounted and Australian Mounted Divisions advanced directly across the <a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights" title="Golan Heights">Golan Heights</a> towards Damascus. They fought actions at Benat Yakup, <a href="/wiki/Kuneitra" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuneitra">Kuneitra</a>, Sasa and Katana, before they reached and closed the north and north-west exits from Damascus on 29 September.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 30 September, the Australians intercepted the garrison of Damascus as they tried to retreat through the Barada gorge. Damascus was captured the next day, with the Allies capturing 20,000 prisoners.<sup id="cite_ref-LiddellHart439_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LiddellHart439-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jemal Pasha fled, having failed to inspire last-ditch resistance. </p><p>Overall, the campaign to the fall of Damascus resulted in the surrender of 75,000 Ottoman soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-LiddellHart439_91-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LiddellHart439-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pursuit_to_Aleppo">Pursuit to Aleppo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Pursuit to Aleppo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the fall of Damascus, the 5th Mounted Division and some detachments of the Arab Northern Army advanced north through Syria, capturing <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a> on 26 October. They subsequently advanced to <a href="/wiki/Al-Muslimiyah" title="Al-Muslimiyah">Mouslimmiye</a>, where Mustafa Kemal (who had replaced Liman von Sanders in command of the Yıldırım Army Group) had rallied some troops under XXII Corps HQ. Kemal held his positions until 31 October, when hostilities ceased following the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Mudros" title="Armistice of Mudros">Armistice of Mudros</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Effects">Effects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The successful action at Megiddo resulted in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_honour" title="Battle honour">battle honour</a> "<a href="/wiki/Megiddo_(battle_honour)" title="Megiddo (battle honour)">Megiddo</a>" being awarded to units of the British, Dominion and Empire forces participating in the battle. Battle honours for the two subsidiary battles of Sharon and Nablus were also awarded.<sup id="cite_ref-Sarbans_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sarbans-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Edward Erickson, a historian of the Ottoman Army, later wrote: </p> <blockquote><p>The Battle of the Nablus Plain ranks with Ludendorff's Black Days of the German Army in the effect that it had on the consciousness of the Turkish General Staff. It was now apparent to all but the most diehard nationalists that the Turks were finished in the war. In spite of the great victories in Armenia and in Azerbaijan, Turkey was now in an indefensible condition, which could not be remedied with the resources on hand. It was also apparent that the disintegration of the Bulgarian Army at Salonika and the dissolution of the Austro–Hungarian Army spelled disaster and defeat for the Central Powers. From now until the Armistice, the focus of the Turkish strategy would be to retain as much Ottoman territory as possible.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The battle is commemorated in Thomas Hardy's poem <i>Jezreel: on its Seizure by the English under Allenby, September 1918</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr"><span style="padding-right:0.15em;">Megiddo Muharebesi</span></i>, also known in Turkish as the <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">Nablus Hezimeti</i></span>, "Rout of Nablus", or the <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">Nablus Yarması</i></span>, "Breakthrough at Nablus"</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-LiddellHart432-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LiddellHart432_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LiddellHart432_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LiddellHart432_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Liddell Hart, p. 432 fn</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cutlack 1941 p. 168</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Catherwood2014-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Catherwood2014_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFChristopher_Catherwood2014" class="citation book cs1">Christopher Catherwood (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gMmMAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT132"><i>The Battles of World War I</i></a>. Allison & Busby. p. 132. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7490-1502-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7490-1502-2"><bdi>978-0-7490-1502-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Battles+of+World+War+I&rft.pages=132&rft.pub=Allison+%26+Busby&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-7490-1502-2&rft.au=Christopher+Catherwood&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgMmMAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT132&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Megiddo+%281918%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Palmer2000-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Palmer2000_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palmer2000_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlan_Warwick_Palmer2000" class="citation book cs1">Alan Warwick Palmer (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PNg3aMBqpR4C&pg=PA238"><i>Victory 1918</i></a>. Grove Press. p. 238. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8021-3787-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8021-3787-6"><bdi>978-0-8021-3787-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Victory+1918&rft.pages=238&rft.pub=Grove+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8021-3787-6&rft.au=Alan+Warwick+Palmer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPNg3aMBqpR4C%26pg%3DPA238&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Megiddo+%281918%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gullett 1919 pp. 25–26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hill 1978 pp. 162–163</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Falls 1930 Vol 2 Part I pp. 184–291, 302–309, Part II pp. 411–421</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Perrett 1999, p. 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bruce 2002, p. 204</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Falls 1930 Vol 2 Part I pp. 328–349, 364–394, Part II pp. 422–438</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Erickson194-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Erickson194_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Erickson194_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Erickson 2001, p. 194</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Erickson 2001, p. 193</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LiddellHart437-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LiddellHart437_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LiddellHart437_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LiddellHart437_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LiddellHart437_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LiddellHart437_14-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LiddellHart437_14-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LiddellHart437_14-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LiddellHart437_14-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Liddell Hart, p. 437</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Erickson 2001, p. 195</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Erickson 2001 p. 179</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grainger 2006 p. 234</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p24-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-p24_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p24_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Perrett 1999, p. 24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hanafin-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hanafin_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hanafin_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanafin" class="citation web cs1">Hanafin, James. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150109153754/http://orbat.com/site/history/open4/uk_eygptianexpeditionaryforce1918.pdf">"Order of Battle of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force, September 1918"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. orbat.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orbat.com/site/history/open4/uk_eygptianexpeditionaryforce1918.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 9 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Order+of+Battle+of+the+Egyptian+Expeditionary+Force%2C+September+1918&rft.pub=orbat.com&rft.aulast=Hanafin&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Forbat.com%2Fsite%2Fhistory%2Fopen4%2Fuk_eygptianexpeditionaryforce1918.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Megiddo+%281918%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.1914-1918.net/53div.htm">"53rd (Welsh) Division"</a>. The Long Long Trail<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=53rd+%28Welsh%29+Division&rft.pub=The+Long+Long+Trail&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.1914-1918.net%2F53div.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Megiddo+%281918%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bruce 2002, p. 208</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wavell_1968_pp._199–200-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wavell_1968_pp._199–200_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wavell_1968_pp._199–200_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wavell 1968 pp. 199–200</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lawrence, p. 141</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hughes, p. 23</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurphy2008" class="citation book cs1">Murphy, David (2008). <i>The Arab Revolt 1916–18</i>. Osprey. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-339-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-339-1"><bdi>978-1-84603-339-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arab+Revolt+1916%E2%80%9318&rft.pub=Osprey&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-84603-339-1&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Megiddo+%281918%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lawrence, pp. 532–533; Murphy, pp. 68, 73</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hughes, pp. 20–21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lawrence, pp. 531–538</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lawrence, pp. 545–548</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hall 1975 pp. 120–121</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LiddellHart435-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LiddellHart435_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LiddellHart435_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Liddell Hart, p. 435</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Falls2p448-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Falls2p448_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Falls2p448_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Falls 1930 Vol. 2 p. 448</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maunsell p. 213</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carver232-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Carver232_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carver232_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Carver 2003 p. 232</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bruce p. 216</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Falls2p455-6-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Falls2p455-6_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Falls2p455-6_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Falls 1930 Vol. 2 Part II pp. 455–456</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jukes, p. 307</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kinloch, p. 321</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Allenby-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Allenby_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Allenby 24 July 1918 in Hughes 2004 pp. 168–169</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lawrence, p. 554</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Downes 1938 p. 716</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Powles 1922 p. 234</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lawrence, p. 570</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lawrence, pp. 589–590</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paget 1994 Vol. 5 pp. 255–257</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Erickson 2007, pp. 134–135</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Falls 1930 Vol. 2, pp. 425–426</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Falls39-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Falls39_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Falls39_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Falls (1964), p. 39</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cutlack pp. 133, 146–147</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Erickson 2001, p. 197</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Erickson196-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Erickson196_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Erickson196_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Erickson 2001, p. 196</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Falls (1964), p. 47</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Preston 1921 pp. 322–323</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Erickson198-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Erickson198_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Erickson198_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Erickson 2001, p. 198</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Erickson 2001, p. 200</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lawrence, pp. 618–619</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Erickson2001p198-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Erickson2001p198_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Erickson2001p198_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Erickson 2001 p. 198</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lawrence, pp. 623–624</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Falls 1930 Vol. 2 pp. 471–472, 488–491</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Baker 2003, p. 134</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cutlack p. 152</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Liddell Hart, p. 436</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cutlack pp. 151–152</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carver 2003 pp. 225, 232</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maunsell 1926 p. 213</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Falls37-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Falls37_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Falls37_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Falls, p. 37</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Woodward p. 195</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Woodward 2006 p. 191</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LiddellHart438-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LiddellHart438_69-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LiddellHart438_69-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Liddell Hart, p. 438</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Falls (1964), p. 58</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Falls (1964), p. 54</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Baker 2003, pp. 134–135</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Falls 1930 Vol. 2 pp. 529–532, 532–537</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mango 2002, p. 180</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HistoryOfWar-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HistoryOfWar_75-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HistoryOfWar_75-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/battles_megiddo1918.html">"Battle of Megiddo, 19–25 September 1918"</a>. historyofwar.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Battle+of+Megiddo%2C+19%E2%80%9325+September+1918&rft.pub=historyofwar.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyofwar.org%2Farticles%2Fbattles_megiddo1918.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Megiddo+%281918%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cutlack, p. 161</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Baker 2003, pp. 136–137</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hill 1978 p. 173</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Falls 1964, p. 88</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Falls 1930 Vol. 2 pp. 542–545</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lawrence, pp. 638–640, 643</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Powles 1922 pp. 245–246</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wavell221-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wavell221_83-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wavell221_83-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wavell 1968 p. 221</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Falls 1930 Vol. 2 p. 550</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moore 1920 pp. 148–150</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cutlack165–7-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cutlack165–7_86-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cutlack165–7_86-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cutlack 1941 pp. 165–167</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Falls97–99-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Falls97–99_87-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Falls97–99_87-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Falls 1964, pp. 97–99</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Falls 1930 Vol. 2 pp. 555–556</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hughes 2004 p. 189</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090326072454/http://sill-www.army.mil/famag/1928/MAY_JUN_1928/MAY_JUN_1928_PAGES_255_271.pdf">"Campaign Summary and Notes on Horse Artillery in Sinai and Palestine"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Field Artillery Journal. May–June 1928. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sill-www.army.mil/famag/1928/MAY_JUN_1928/MAY_JUN_1928_PAGES_255_271.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 26 March 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Campaign+Summary+and+Notes+on+Horse+Artillery+in+Sinai+and+Palestine&rft.date=1928-05%2F1928-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsill-www.army.mil%2Ffamag%2F1928%2FMAY_JUN_1928%2FMAY_JUN_1928_PAGES_255_271.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Megiddo+%281918%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LiddellHart439-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LiddellHart439_91-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LiddellHart439_91-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Liddell Hart, p. 439</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sarbans-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sarbans_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Singh 1993, p. 166</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Erickson 2001 p. 200</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.poemhunter.com/poem/jezreel/">"Jezreel Poem by Thomas Hardy"</a>. 10 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jezreel+Poem+by+Thomas+Hardy&rft.date=2010-04-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.poemhunter.com%2Fpoem%2Fjezreel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Megiddo+%281918%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Baker" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anne_Baker_(author)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anne Baker (author)">Baker, Anne</a> (2003). <i>From Biplane to Spitfire: The Life of Air Chief Marshal Sir Geoffrey Salmond KCB KCMG DSO</i>. Barnsley, Yorkshire: Pen and Sword Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85052-980-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-85052-980-8"><bdi>0-85052-980-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Biplane+to+Spitfire%3A+The+Life+of+Air+Chief+Marshal+Sir+Geoffrey+Salmond+KCB+KCMG+DSO&rft.place=Barnsley%2C+Yorkshire&rft.pub=Pen+and+Sword+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-85052-980-8&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Anne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Megiddo+%281918%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruce2002" class="citation book cs1">Bruce, Anthony (2002). <i>The Last Crusade: The Palestine Campaign in the First World War</i>. London: John Murray. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7195-5432-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7195-5432-2"><bdi>978-0-7195-5432-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Last+Crusade%3A+The+Palestine+Campaign+in+the+First+World+War&rft.place=London&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7195-5432-2&rft.aulast=Bruce&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Megiddo+%281918%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCutlack1941" class="citation book cs1">Cutlack, Frederic Morley (1941). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/RCDIG1069925/"><i>The Australian Flying Corps in the Western and Eastern Theatres of War, 1914–1918</i></a>. Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918. Vol. VIII (11th ed.). Canberra: Australian War Memorial. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/220900299">220900299</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Australian+Flying+Corps+in+the+Western+and+Eastern+Theatres+of+War%2C+1914%E2%80%931918&rft.place=Canberra&rft.series=Official+History+of+Australia+in+the+War+of+1914%E2%80%931918&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Australian+War+Memorial&rft.date=1941&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F220900299&rft.aulast=Cutlack&rft.aufirst=Frederic+Morley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.awm.gov.au%2Fcollection%2FRCDIG1069925%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Megiddo+%281918%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDownes1938" class="citation book cs1">Downes, Rupert M. (1938). "The Campaign in Sinai and Palestine". In Butler, Arthur Graham (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/RCDIG1069845/"><i>Gallipoli, Palestine and New Guinea</i></a>. Official History of the Australian Army Medical Services, 1914–1918: Volume 1, Part II (2nd ed.). Canberra: Australian War Memorial. pp. 547–780. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/220879097">220879097</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Campaign+in+Sinai+and+Palestine&rft.btitle=Gallipoli%2C+Palestine+and+New+Guinea&rft.place=Canberra&rft.series=Official+History+of+the+Australian+Army+Medical+Services%2C+1914%E2%80%931918%3A+Volume+1%2C+Part+II&rft.pages=547-780&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Australian+War+Memorial&rft.date=1938&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F220879097&rft.aulast=Downes&rft.aufirst=Rupert+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.awm.gov.au%2Fcollection%2FRCDIG1069845%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Megiddo+%281918%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErickson2001" class="citation book cs1">Erickson, Edward J. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XUlsP0YuI1AC&q=Ordered+to+die"><i>Ordered to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War</i></a>. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-31516-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-31516-7"><bdi>0-313-31516-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ordered+to+Die%3A+A+History+of+the+Ottoman+Army+in+the+First+World+War&rft.place=Westport&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-313-31516-7&rft.aulast=Erickson&rft.aufirst=Edward+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXUlsP0YuI1AC%26q%3DOrdered%2Bto%2Bdie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Megiddo+%281918%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErickson2007" class="citation book cs1">Erickson, Edward J. (2007). John Gooch; Brian Holden Reid (eds.). <i>Ottoman Army Effectiveness in World War I: A Comparative Study</i>. Cass Military History and Policy Series No. 26. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-203-96456-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-203-96456-9"><bdi>978-0-203-96456-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ottoman+Army+Effectiveness+in+World+War+I%3A+A+Comparative+Study&rft.place=Milton+Park%2C+Abingdon%2C+Oxon&rft.series=Cass+Military+History+and+Policy+Series+No.+26&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-203-96456-9&rft.aulast=Erickson&rft.aufirst=Edward+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Megiddo+%281918%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFalls1930" class="citation book cs1">Falls, Cyril (1930). <i>Military Operations Egypt & Palestine from June 1917 to the End of the War</i>. Official History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence: Volume 2, Part I. A.F. Becke (maps). London: HM Stationery Office. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/644354483">644354483</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Military+Operations+Egypt+%26+Palestine+from+June+1917+to+the+End+of+the+War&rft.place=London&rft.series=Official+History+of+the+Great+War+Based+on+Official+Documents+by+Direction+of+the+Historical+Section+of+the+Committee+of+Imperial+Defence%3A+Volume+2%2C+Part+I&rft.pub=HM+Stationery+Office&rft.date=1930&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F644354483&rft.aulast=Falls&rft.aufirst=Cyril&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Megiddo+%281918%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFalls1930" class="citation book cs1">Falls, Cyril (1930). <i>Military Operations Egypt & Palestine from June 1917 to the End of the War</i>. Official History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence: Volume 2 Part II. A.F. Becke (maps). London: HM Stationery Office. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/256950972">256950972</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Military+Operations+Egypt+%26+Palestine+from+June+1917+to+the+End+of+the+War&rft.place=London&rft.series=Official+History+of+the+Great+War+Based+on+Official+Documents+by+Direction+of+the+Historical+Section+of+the+Committee+of+Imperial+Defence%3A+Volume+2+Part+II&rft.pub=HM+Stationery+Office&rft.date=1930&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F256950972&rft.aulast=Falls&rft.aufirst=Cyril&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Megiddo+%281918%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFalls1964" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Falls" title="Cyril Falls">Falls, Cyril</a> (1964). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/armageddon191800fall"><i>Armageddon, 1918</i></a></span>. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-933852-05-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-933852-05-3"><bdi>0-933852-05-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Armageddon%2C+1918&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=J.B.+Lippincott&rft.date=1964&rft.isbn=0-933852-05-3&rft.aulast=Falls&rft.aufirst=Cyril&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Farmageddon191800fall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Megiddo+%281918%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrainger2006" class="citation book cs1">Grainger, John D. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3SVvryoR2A0C"><i>The Battle for Palestine, 1917</i></a>. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84383-263-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84383-263-8"><bdi>978-1-84383-263-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Battle+for+Palestine%2C+1917&rft.place=Woodbridge&rft.pub=Boydell+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-84383-263-8&rft.aulast=Grainger&rft.aufirst=John+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3SVvryoR2A0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Megiddo+%281918%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenry_S._GullettCharles_BarnetDavid_Baker1919" class="citation book cs1">Henry S. Gullett; Charles Barnet; David Baker, eds. (1919). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/australiainpales00gull"><i>Australia in Palestine</i></a>. Sydney: Angus & Robertson. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/224023558">224023558</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Australia+in+Palestine&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pub=Angus+%26+Robertson&rft.date=1919&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F224023558&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Faustraliainpales00gull&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Megiddo+%281918%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHall1975" class="citation book cs1">Hall, Rex (1975). <i>The Desert Hath Pearls</i>. Melbourne: Hawthorn Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/677016516">677016516</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Desert+Hath+Pearls&rft.place=Melbourne&rft.pub=Hawthorn+Press&rft.date=1975&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F677016516&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Rex&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Megiddo+%281918%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHill1978" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alec_Hill" title="Alec Hill">Hill, Alec Jeffrey</a> (1978). <i>Chauvel of the Light Horse: A Biography of General Sir Harry Chauvel, GCMG, KCB</i>. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/5003626">5003626</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chauvel+of+the+Light+Horse%3A+A+Biography+of+General+Sir+Harry+Chauvel%2C+GCMG%2C+KCB&rft.place=Melbourne&rft.pub=Melbourne+University+Press&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F5003626&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=Alec+Jeffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Megiddo+%281918%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes2004" class="citation book cs1">Hughes, Matthew, ed. (2004). <i>Allenby in Palestine: The Middle East Correspondence of Field Marshal Viscount Allenby June 1917 – October 1919</i>. Army Records Society. Vol. 22. Phoenix Mill, Thrupp, Stroud, Gloucestershire: Sutton Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7509-3841-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7509-3841-9"><bdi>978-0-7509-3841-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Allenby+in+Palestine%3A+The+Middle+East+Correspondence+of+Field+Marshal+Viscount+Allenby+June+1917+%E2%80%93+October+1919&rft.place=Phoenix+Mill%2C+Thrupp%2C+Stroud%2C+Gloucestershire&rft.series=Army+Records+Society&rft.pub=Sutton+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7509-3841-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Megiddo+%281918%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJukes2003" class="citation book cs1">Jukes, Geoffrey (2003). <i>The First World War: The War To End All Wars: Volume 2 of Essential Histories Specials</i>. Oxford: Osprey. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781841767383" title="Special:BookSources/9781841767383"><bdi>9781841767383</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+World+War%3A+The+War+To+End+All+Wars%3A+Volume+2+of+Essential+Histories+Specials&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Osprey&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9781841767383&rft.aulast=Jukes&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Megiddo+%281918%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKinloch2007" class="citation book cs1">Kinloch, Terry (2007). <i>Devils on Horses: In the Words of the Anzacs in the Middle East 1916–19</i>. Auckland: Exisle Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0908988945" title="Special:BookSources/978-0908988945"><bdi>978-0908988945</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Devils+on+Horses%3A+In+the+Words+of+the+Anzacs+in+the+Middle+East+1916%E2%80%9319&rft.place=Auckland&rft.pub=Exisle+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0908988945&rft.aulast=Kinloch&rft.aufirst=Terry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Megiddo+%281918%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMango2000" class="citation book cs1">Mango, Andrew (2000). <i>Ataturk: The Biography of the Founder of Modern Turkey</i>. Woodstock, New York: Overlook Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781585670116" title="Special:BookSources/9781585670116"><bdi>9781585670116</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ataturk%3A+The+Biography+of+the+Founder+of+Modern+Turkey&rft.place=Woodstock%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Overlook+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9781585670116&rft.aulast=Mango&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Megiddo+%281918%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaude1998" class="citation book cs1">Maude, Roderick (1998). <i>The Servant, the General and Armageddon</i>. Oxford: George Ronald. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85398-424-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-85398-424-7"><bdi>0-85398-424-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Servant%2C+the+General+and+Armageddon&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=George+Ronald&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-85398-424-7&rft.aulast=Maude&rft.aufirst=Roderick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Megiddo+%281918%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurphy2008" class="citation book cs1">Murphy, David (2008). <i>The Arab Revolt 1916–18: Lawrence Sets Arabia Ablaze</i>. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-339-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-339-1"><bdi>978-1-84603-339-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arab+Revolt+1916%E2%80%9318%3A+Lawrence+Sets+Arabia+Ablaze&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-84603-339-1&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Megiddo+%281918%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawrence1926" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/T._E._Lawrence" title="T. E. Lawrence">Lawrence, Thomas Edward</a> (1926). <i><a href="/wiki/Seven_Pillars_of_Wisdom:_A_Triumph" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven Pillars of Wisdom: A Triumph">Seven Pillars of Wisdom: A Triumph</a></i>. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin Modern Classics. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-001696-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-001696-1"><bdi>0-14-001696-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seven+Pillars+of+Wisdom%3A+A+Triumph&rft.place=Harmondsworth%2C+Middlesex&rft.pub=Penguin+Modern+Classics&rft.date=1926&rft.isbn=0-14-001696-1&rft.aulast=Lawrence&rft.aufirst=Thomas+Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Megiddo+%281918%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiddell_Hart1970" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Basil_Liddell_Hart" class="mw-redirect" title="Basil Liddell Hart">Liddell Hart, Basil Henry</a> (1970). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyoffirstwo00lidd"><i>History of the First World War</i></a></span>. London: Pan Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-330-23354-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-330-23354-5"><bdi>978-0-330-23354-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+First+World+War&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Pan+Books&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=978-0-330-23354-5&rft.aulast=Liddell+Hart&rft.aufirst=Basil+Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryoffirstwo00lidd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Megiddo+%281918%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaget1994" class="citation book cs1">Paget, G.C.H.V. Marquess of Anglesey (1994). <i>Egypt, Palestine and Syria 1914 to 1919</i>. A History of the British Cavalry 1816–1919. Vol. 5. London: Leo Cooper. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85052-395-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85052-395-9"><bdi>978-0-85052-395-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Egypt%2C+Palestine+and+Syria+1914+to+1919&rft.place=London&rft.series=A+History+of+the+British+Cavalry+1816%E2%80%931919&rft.pub=Leo+Cooper&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-85052-395-9&rft.aulast=Paget&rft.aufirst=G.C.H.V.+Marquess+of+Anglesey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Megiddo+%281918%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerrett1999" class="citation book cs1">Perrett, Bryan (1999). <i>Megiddo 1918 – The Last Great Cavalry Victory</i>. Osprey Military Campaign Series. Vol. 61. Oxford: Osprey. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85532-827-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-85532-827-5"><bdi>1-85532-827-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Megiddo+1918+%E2%80%93+The+Last+Great+Cavalry+Victory&rft.place=Oxford&rft.series=Osprey+Military+Campaign+Series&rft.pub=Osprey&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=1-85532-827-5&rft.aulast=Perrett&rft.aufirst=Bryan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Megiddo+%281918%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPowlesA._Wilkie1922" class="citation book cs1">Powles, C. Guy; A. Wilkie (1922). <i>The New Zealanders in Sinai and Palestine</i>. Official History New Zealand's Effort in the Great War. Vol. III. Auckland: Whitcombe & Tombs. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2959465">2959465</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Zealanders+in+Sinai+and+Palestine&rft.place=Auckland&rft.series=Official+History+New+Zealand%27s+Effort+in+the+Great+War&rft.pub=Whitcombe+%26+Tombs&rft.date=1922&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2959465&rft.aulast=Powles&rft.aufirst=C.+Guy&rft.au=A.+Wilkie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Megiddo+%281918%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPreston1921" class="citation book cs1">Preston, R.M.P. (1921). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/desertmountedco00presgoog"><i>The Desert Mounted Corps: An Account of the Cavalry Operations in Palestine and Syria 1917–1918</i></a>. London: Constable & Co. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/3900439">3900439</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Desert+Mounted+Corps%3A+An+Account+of+the+Cavalry+Operations+in+Palestine+and+Syria+1917%E2%80%931918&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Constable+%26+Co.&rft.date=1921&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F3900439&rft.aulast=Preston&rft.aufirst=R.M.P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdesertmountedco00presgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Megiddo+%281918%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh1993" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Sarbans (1993). <i>Battle Honours of the Indian Army 1757–1971</i>. New Delhi: Vision Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7094-115-6" title="Special:BookSources/81-7094-115-6"><bdi>81-7094-115-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Battle+Honours+of+the+Indian+Army+1757%E2%80%931971&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Vision+Books&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=81-7094-115-6&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Sarbans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Megiddo+%281918%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWavell1968" class="citation book cs1">Wavell, Field Marshal Earl (1968) [1933]. "The Palestine Campaigns". In Sheppard, Eric William (ed.). <i>A Short History of the British Army</i> (4th ed.). London: Constable & Co. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/35621223">35621223</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Palestine+Campaigns&rft.btitle=A+Short+History+of+the+British+Army&rft.place=London&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Constable+%26+Co.&rft.date=1968&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F35621223&rft.aulast=Wavell&rft.aufirst=Field+Marshal+Earl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Megiddo+%281918%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodward2006" class="citation book cs1">Woodward, David R. (2006). <i>Hell in the Holy Land: World War I in the Middle East</i>. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8131-2383-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8131-2383-7"><bdi>978-0-8131-2383-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hell+in+the+Holy+Land%3A+World+War+I+in+the+Middle+East&rft.place=Lexington&rft.pub=The+University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8131-2383-7&rft.aulast=Woodward&rft.aufirst=David+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Megiddo+%281918%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCline2000" class="citation book cs1">Cline, Eric H. (2000). <i>The Battles of Armageddon: Megiddo and the Jezreel Valley from the Bronze Age to the Nuclear Age</i>. University of Michigan Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-472-09739-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-472-09739-3"><bdi>0-472-09739-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Battles+of+Armageddon%3A+Megiddo+and+the+Jezreel+Valley+from+the+Bronze+Age+to+the+Nuclear+Age&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-472-09739-3&rft.aulast=Cline&rft.aufirst=Eric+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Megiddo+%281918%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLambden2000" class="citation journal cs1">Lambden, Stephen (2000) [1999]. "Catastrophe, Armageddon and Millennium: Some Aspects of the Bábí-Baháʼí Exegesis of Apocalyptic Symbolism". <i><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Studies_Review" title="Baháʼí Studies Review">Baháʼí Studies Review</a></i>. <b>9</b>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2040-1701">2040-1701</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Studies+Review&rft.atitle=Catastrophe%2C+Armageddon+and+Millennium%3A+Some+Aspects+of+the+B%C3%A1b%C3%AD-Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Exegesis+of+Apocalyptic+Symbolism&rft.volume=9&rft.date=2000&rft.issn=2040-1701&rft.aulast=Lambden&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Megiddo+%281918%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Battle of Megiddo (1918)">Battle of Megiddo (1918)</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaddis2005" class="citation web cs1">Daddis, Gregory (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090304171016/http://aupress.maxwell.af.mil/Wright_Flyers/Text/wf20.pdf">"Armageddon's Lost Lesson's – Combined Arms Operations in Allenby's Palestine Campaign"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Air University Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aupress.maxwell.af.mil/Wright_Flyers/Text/wf20.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 March 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Armageddon%27s+Lost+Lesson%27s+%E2%80%93+Combined+Arms+Operations+in+Allenby%27s+Palestine+Campaign&rft.pub=Air+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Daddis&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faupress.maxwell.af.mil%2FWright_Flyers%2FText%2Fwf20.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Megiddo+%281918%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_War_I" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_War_I" title="Template:World War I"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_War_I" title="Template talk:World War I"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_War_I" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World War I"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_War_I" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_World_War_I" title="Outline of World War I">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_engagements_of_World_War_I" title="List of military engagements of World War I">Military engagements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_World_War_I" title="Aftermath of World War I">Aftermath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_World_War_I" title="Economic history of World War I">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_geography_in_World_War_I" title="Role of geography in World War I">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_World_War_I" title="Historiography of World War I">Historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_front_during_World_War_I" title="Home front during World War I">Home fronts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_memorials" title="World War I memorials">Memorials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_World_War_I" title="Opposition to World War I">Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_in_popular_culture" title="World War I in popular culture">Popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_World_War_I" title="Propaganda in World War I">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_I_puppet_states" title="List of World War I puppet states">Puppet states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology_during_World_War_I" title="Technology during World War I">Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">Theatres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/European_theatre_of_World_War_I" title="European theatre of World War I">European</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkans_theatre" title="Balkans theatre">Balkans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_campaign" title="Serbian campaign">Serbia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Eastern Front (World War I)">Eastern Front</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_I" title="Romania in World War I">Romania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_front_(World_War_I)" title="Italian front (World War I)">Italian Front</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_theatre_of_World_War_I" title="Middle Eastern theatre of World War I">Middle Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_campaign" title="Gallipoli campaign">Gallipoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinai_and_Palestine_campaign" title="Sinai and Palestine campaign">Sinai and Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus_campaign" title="Caucasus campaign">Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_campaign_(World_War_I)" title="Persian campaign (World War I)">Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_campaign" title="Mesopotamian campaign">Mesopotamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Revolt" title="Arab Revolt">Hejaz & Levant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/African_theatre_of_World_War_I" title="African theatre of World War I">African</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_West_Africa_campaign" title="South West Africa campaign">South West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_I)" title="East African campaign (World War I)">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamerun_campaign" title="Kamerun campaign">Kamerun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togoland_campaign" title="Togoland campaign">Togoland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_operations_in_North_Africa_during_World_War_I" title="Military operations in North Africa during World War I">North</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Asian_and_Pacific_theatre_of_World_War_I" title="Asian and Pacific theatre of World War I">Asian and Pacific</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tsingtao" title="Siege of Tsingtao">Tsingtao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_German_Samoa" title="Occupation of German Samoa">German Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_occupation_of_German_New_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian occupation of German New Guinea">German New Guinea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare_of_World_War_I" title="Naval warfare of World War I">Naval warfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U-boat_campaign" title="U-boat campaign">U-boat campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_U-boat_campaign_of_World_War_I" title="Atlantic U-boat campaign of World War I">North Atlantic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare_in_the_Mediterranean_during_World_War_I" title="Naval warfare in the Mediterranean during World War I">Mediterranean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Principal<br />participants</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Entente Powers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_leaders_of_World_War_I" title="Allied leaders of World War I">Leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium_in_World_War_I" title="Belgium in World War I">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil_during_World_War_I" title="Brazil during World War I">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_during_World_War_I" title="China during World War I">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Army_in_World_War_I" title="French Army in World War I">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">French Empire</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece_during_World_War_I" title="Greece during World War I">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hejaz" title="Kingdom of Hejaz">Hejaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_I" title="Military history of Italy during World War I">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_during_World_War_I" title="Japan during World War I">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Montenegro#World_War_I" title="History of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal_during_World_War_I" title="Portugal during World War I">Portuguese Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_I" title="Romania in World War I">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_in_the_First_World_War" title="Russia in the First World War">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Russia_(1894%E2%80%931917)#Russia_at_war,_1914–1916" title="History of Russia (1894–1917)">Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Republic" title="Russian Republic">Russian Republic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Serbia#Serbia_in_World_War_I_(1914–1918)" title="History of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siam_in_World_War_I" title="Siam in World War I">Siam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Kingdom_during_the_First_World_War" title="History of the United Kingdom during the First World War">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_in_World_War_I" title="United States in World War I">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leaders_of_the_Central_Powers_of_World_War_I" title="Leaders of the Central Powers of World War I">Leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Austria-Hungary_during_World_War_I" title="History of Austria-Hungary during World War I">Austria-Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire_in_World_War_I" title="Ottoman Empire in World War I">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_I" title="Bulgaria during World War I">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senussi_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Senussi Campaign">Senussi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritz_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritz Rebellion">South African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Darfur" title="Invasion of Darfur">Darfur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_I" title="Timeline of World War I">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Pre-War conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian War</a> (1870–71)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scramble_for_Africa" title="Scramble for Africa">Scramble for Africa</a> (1880–1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Moroccan_Crisis" title="First Moroccan Crisis">Tangier Crisis</a> (1905–06)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Crisis" title="Bosnian Crisis">Bosnian Crisis</a> (1908–09)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agadir_Crisis" title="Agadir Crisis">Agadir Crisis</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War" title="Italo-Turkish War">Italo-Turkish War</a> (1911–12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Balkan_War" title="First Balkan War">First Balkan War</a> (1912–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Balkan_War" title="Second Balkan War">Second Balkan War</a> (1913)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Prelude</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Causes_of_World_War_I" title="Causes of World War I">Origins</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_the_causes_of_World_War_I" title="Historiography of the causes of World War I">Historiography</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Archduke_Franz_Ferdinand" title="Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand">Sarajevo assassination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Serb_riots_in_Sarajevo" title="Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo">Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_Crisis" title="July Crisis">July Crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">1914</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Belgium_(1914)" title="German invasion of Belgium (1914)">German invasion of Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Frontiers" title="Battle of the Frontiers">Battle of the Frontiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cer" title="Battle of Cer">Battle of Cer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Galicia" title="Battle of Galicia">Battle of Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_East_Prussia_(1914)" title="Russian invasion of East Prussia (1914)">Russian invasion of East Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tannenberg" title="Battle of Tannenberg">Battle of Tannenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tsingtao" title="Siege of Tsingtao">Siege of Tsingtao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_the_Masurian_Lakes" title="First Battle of the Masurian Lakes">First Battle of the Masurian Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grand_Couronn%C3%A9" title="Battle of Grand Couronné">Battle of Grand Couronné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_the_Marne" title="First Battle of the Marne">First Battle of the Marne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Przemy%C5%9Bl" title="Siege of Przemyśl">Siege of Przemyśl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_to_the_Sea" title="Race to the Sea">Race to the Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Ypres" title="First Battle of Ypres">First Battle of Ypres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_raid" title="Black Sea raid">Black Sea raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kolubara" title="Battle of Kolubara">Battle of Kolubara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarikamish" title="Battle of Sarikamish">Battle of Sarikamish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_truce" title="Christmas truce">Christmas truce</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">1915</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Masurian_Lakes" title="Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes">Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C5%81om%C5%BCa" title="Battle of Łomża">Battle of Łomża</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Ypres" title="Second Battle of Ypres">Second Battle of Ypres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_the_RMS_Lusitania" title="Sinking of the RMS Lusitania">Sinking of the RMS <i>Lusitania</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_campaign" title="Gallipoli campaign">Battle of Gallipoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Artois" title="Second Battle of Artois">Second Battle of Artois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_the_Isonzo" title="Battles of the Isonzo">Battles of the Isonzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorlice%E2%80%93Tarn%C3%B3w_offensive" title="Gorlice–Tarnów offensive">Gorlice–Tarnów offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Retreat_(Russia)" title="Great Retreat (Russia)">Great Retreat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bug%E2%80%93Narew_Offensive" title="Bug–Narew Offensive">Bug-Narew Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Novogeorgievsk" title="Siege of Novogeorgievsk">Siege of Novogeorgievsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vistula%E2%80%93Bug_offensive" title="Vistula–Bug offensive">Vistula–Bug offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Champagne" title="Second Battle of Champagne">Second Battle of Champagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_offensive_(1915)" title="Kosovo offensive (1915)">Kosovo offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kut" title="Siege of Kut">Siege of Kut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Loos" title="Battle of Loos">Battle of Loos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Robat_Karim" title="Battle of Robat Karim">Battle of Robat Karim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">1916</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erzurum_offensive" title="Erzurum offensive">Erzurum offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Verdun" title="Battle of Verdun">Battle of Verdun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Naroch_offensive" title="Lake Naroch offensive">Lake Naroch offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Asiago" title="Battle of Asiago">Battle of Asiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jutland" title="Battle of Jutland">Battle of Jutland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Somme" title="Battle of the Somme">Battle of the Somme</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_day_on_the_Somme" title="First day on the Somme">first day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brusilov_offensive" title="Brusilov offensive">Brusilov offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baranovichi_offensive" title="Baranovichi offensive">Baranovichi offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Romani" title="Battle of Romani">Battle of Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastir_offensive" title="Monastir offensive">Monastir offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Transylvania" title="Battle of Transylvania">Battle of Transylvania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_I_(1917%E2%80%931918)" title="Timeline of World War I (1917–1918)">1917</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Baghdad_(1917)" title="Fall of Baghdad (1917)">Capture of Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_Revolution" title="February Revolution">February Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimmermann_telegram" title="Zimmermann telegram">Zimmermann telegram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arras_(1917)" title="Battle of Arras (1917)">Second battle of Arras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_battle_of_the_Aisne" class="mw-redirect" title="Second battle of the Aisne">Second battle of the Aisne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerensky_offensive" title="Kerensky offensive">Kerensky offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_M%C4%83r%C4%83%C8%99ti" title="Battle of Mărăști">Battle of Mărăști</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Passchendaele" title="Battle of Passchendaele">Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_M%C4%83r%C4%83%C8%99e%C8%99ti" title="Battle of Mărășești">Battle of Mărășești</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Oituz" title="Third Battle of Oituz">Third Battle of Oituz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Caporetto" title="Battle of Caporetto">Battle of Caporetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Palestine_offensive" title="Southern Palestine offensive">Southern Palestine offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_La_Malmaison" title="Battle of La Malmaison">Battle of La Malmaison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cambrai_(1917)" title="Battle of Cambrai (1917)">Battle of Cambrai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Foc%C8%99ani" title="Armistice of Focșani">Armistice of Focșani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_between_Russia_and_the_Central_Powers" title="Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers">Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_I_(1917%E2%80%931918)" title="Timeline of World War I (1917–1918)">1918</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Faustschlag" title="Operation Faustschlag">Operation Faustschlag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk">Treaty of Brest-Litovsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_spring_offensive" title="German spring offensive">German spring offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeebrugge_Raid" title="Zeebrugge Raid">Zeebrugge Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1918)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1918)">Treaty of Bucharest of 1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Goychay" title="Battle of Goychay">Battle of Goychay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Piave_River" title="Second Battle of the Piave River">Second Battle of the Piave River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Marne" title="Second Battle of the Marne">Second Battle of the Marne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Days_Offensive" title="Hundred Days Offensive">Hundred Days Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vardar_offensive" title="Vardar offensive">Vardar offensive</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Battle of Megiddo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Transjordan_attack" title="Third Transjordan attack">Third Transjordan attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meuse%E2%80%93Argonne_offensive" title="Meuse–Argonne offensive">Meuse–Argonne offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vittorio_Veneto" title="Battle of Vittorio Veneto">Battle of Vittorio Veneto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Salonica" title="Armistice of Salonica">Armistice of Salonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Mudros" title="Armistice of Mudros">Armistice of Mudros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Villa_Giusti" title="Armistice of Villa Giusti">Armistice of Villa Giusti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Romanian_campaign_of_World_War_I" title="Second Romanian campaign of World War I">Second Romanian campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_11_November_1918" title="Armistice of 11 November 1918">Armistice with Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bollettino_della_Vittoria_Navale" title="Bollettino della Vittoria Navale">Naval Victory Bulletin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Belgrade" title="Armistice of Belgrade">Armistice of Belgrade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Co-belligerent conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland_campaign" title="Somaliland campaign">Somaliland campaign</a> (1900–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Revolution" title="Mexican Revolution">Mexican Revolution</a> (1910–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritz_rebellion" title="Maritz rebellion">Maritz rebellion</a> (1914–15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscat_rebellion" title="Muscat rebellion">Muscat rebellion</a> (1913–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaian_War" title="Zaian War">Zaian War</a> (1914–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_rebellions_during_World_War_I" title="Kurdish rebellions during World War I">Kurdish rebellions</a> (1914–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovambo_Uprising" title="Ovambo Uprising">Ovambo Uprising</a> (1914–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelantan_rebellion" title="Kelantan rebellion">Kelantan rebellion</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senussi_campaign" title="Senussi campaign">Senussi campaign</a> (1915–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volta-Bani_War" title="Volta-Bani War">Volta-Bani War</a> (1915–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Protection_War" title="National Protection War">National Protection War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Revolt" title="Arab Revolt">Arab Revolt</a> (1916–1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_revolt_of_1916" title="Central Asian revolt of 1916">Central Asian Revolt</a> (1916–17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Darfur" title="Invasion of Darfur">Invasion of Darfur</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Rising" title="Easter Rising">Easter Rising</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaocen_revolt" title="Kaocen revolt">Kaocen revolt</a> (1916–17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Civil_War" title="Finnish Civil War">Finnish Civil War</a> (1918)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Post-War conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a> (1917–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Ukrainian–Soviet War">Ukrainian–Soviet War</a> (1917–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_war_(1918%E2%80%931920)" title="Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920)">Armenian–Azerbaijani War</a> (1918–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armeno-Georgian_War" title="Armeno-Georgian War">Armeno-Georgian War</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Revolution_of_1918%E2%80%931919" class="mw-redirect" title="German Revolution of 1918–1919">German Revolution</a> (1918–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_and_interventions_in_Hungary_(1918%E2%80%931920)" title="Revolutions and interventions in Hungary (1918–1920)">Revolutions and interventions in Hungary</a> (1918–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian_War" title="Hungarian–Romanian War">Hungarian–Romanian War</a> (1918–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_uprising_(1918%E2%80%931919)" title="Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)">Greater Poland Uprising</a> (1918–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_War_of_Independence" title="Estonian War of Independence">Estonian War of Independence</a> (1918–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_War_of_Independence" title="Latvian War of Independence">Latvian War of Independence</a> (1918–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Wars_of_Independence" title="Lithuanian Wars of Independence">Lithuanian Wars of Independence</a> (1918–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ukrainian_War" title="Polish–Ukrainian War">Polish–Ukrainian War</a> (1918–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Third Anglo-Afghan War">Third Anglo-Afghan War</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_Egyptian_revolution" title="1919 Egyptian revolution">Egyptian Revolution</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_War" title="Polish–Lithuanian War">Polish–Lithuanian War</a> (1919–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Polish–Soviet War">Polish–Soviet War</a> (1919–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_War_of_Independence" title="Irish War of Independence">Irish War of Independence</a> (1919–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="Turkish War of Independence">Turkish War of Independence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_during_the_Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="United Kingdom during the Turkish War of Independence">Anglo-Turkish War</a> (1918–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Turkish_War" title="Franco-Turkish War">Franco-Turkish War</a> (1918–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Turkish_War_(1919%E2%80%931922)" title="Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)">Greco-Turkish War</a> (1919–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish%E2%80%93Armenian_War" title="Turkish–Armenian War">Turkish–Armenian War</a> (1920)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Revolt" title="Iraqi Revolt">Iraqi Revolt</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlora_War" title="Vlora War">Vlora War</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Syrian_War" title="Franco-Syrian War">Franco-Syrian War</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_invasion_of_Georgia" title="Red Army invasion of Georgia">Soviet–Georgian War</a> (1921)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">Aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Warfare</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_in_World_War_I" title="Aviation in World War I">Aviation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_bombing_during_World_War_I" title="Strategic bombing during World War I">Strategic bombing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_weapons_in_World_War_I" title="Chemical weapons in World War I">Chemical weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_cryptography" title="World War I cryptography">Cryptography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horses_in_World_War_I" title="Horses in World War I">Horses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logistics_in_World_War_I" title="Logistics in World War I">Logistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare_of_World_War_I" title="Naval warfare of World War I">Naval warfare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convoys_in_World_War_I" title="Convoys in World War I">Convoy system</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trench_warfare" title="Trench warfare">Trench warfare</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th id="Conscription" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Conscription</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_conscription_in_Australia" title="World War I conscription in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_Crisis_of_1917" title="Conscription Crisis of 1917">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seferberlik" title="Seferberlik">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recruitment_to_the_British_Army_during_World_War_I" title="Recruitment to the British Army during World War I">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_Crisis_of_1918" title="Conscription Crisis of 1918">Ireland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selective_Service_Act_of_1917" title="Selective Service Act of 1917">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_casualties" title="World War I casualties">Casualties</a> /<br />Civilian impact</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>British casualties <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_parliamentarians_who_died_in_the_First_World_War" title="List of British parliamentarians who died in the First World War">Parliamentarians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_casualties_of_World_War_I" title="Ottoman casualties of World War I">Ottoman casualties</a></li> <li>Sports <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_rugby_union_players_killed_in_World_War_I" title="List of international rugby union players killed in World War I">Rugby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympians_killed_in_World_War_I" title="List of Olympians killed in World War I">Olympians</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Disease</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1899%E2%80%931923_cholera_pandemic" title="1899–1923 cholera pandemic">1899–1923 cholera pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_typhus_and_relapsing_fever_epidemic_in_Serbia" title="1915 typhus and relapsing fever epidemic in Serbia">1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_flu" title="Spanish flu">Spanish flu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Occupations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_occupation_of_Serbia" title="Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia">Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia</a></li> <li>Bulgarian occupations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_occupation_of_Albania" title="Bulgarian occupation of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_occupation_of_Serbia_(World_War_I)" title="Bulgarian occupation of Serbia (World War I)">Serbia</a></li></ul></li> <li>German occupations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Belgium_during_World_War_I" title="German occupation of Belgium during World War I">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Luxembourg_during_World_War_I" title="German occupation of Luxembourg during World War I">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_north-east_France_during_World_War_I" title="German occupation of north-east France during World War I">Northeast France</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ober_Ost" title="Ober Ost">Ober Ost</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupied_Enemy_Territory_Administration" title="Occupied Enemy Territory Administration">Occupied Enemy Territory Administration</a></li> <li>Russian occupations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Eastern_Galicia_(1914%E2%80%931915)" title="Russian occupation of Eastern Galicia (1914–1915)">Eastern Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Western_Armenia" title="Occupation of Western Armenia">Western Armenia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I" title="Prisoners of war in World War I">POWs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Germans <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_United_States" title="German prisoners of war in the United States">in the United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I" title="Italian prisoners of war in World War I">Italians</a></li> <li>POW locations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_I_prisoner-of-war_camps_in_Canada" title="List of World War I prisoner-of-war camps in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_prisoners_of_war_in_Germany" title="World War I prisoners of war in Germany">Germany</a> / <a href="/wiki/German_prisoner-of-war_camps_in_World_War_I" title="German prisoner-of-war camps in World War I">camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war_camps_in_Switzerland_during_World_War_I" title="Prisoner of war camps in Switzerland during World War I">Switzerland</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_World_War_I" title="Refugees of World War I">Refugees</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Belgian refugees <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_refugees_in_the_Netherlands_during_the_First_World_War" title="Belgian refugees in the Netherlands during the First World War">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_refugees_in_Britain_during_the_First_World_War" title="Belgian refugees in Britain during the First World War">United Kingdom</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_World_War_I" title="War crimes in World War I">War crimes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Allied blockades <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Eastern_Mediterranean" title="Blockade of the Eastern Mediterranean">Eastern Mediterranean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_of_Mount_Lebanon" title="Great Famine of Mount Lebanon">Mount Lebanon famine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_Germany_(1914%E2%80%931919)" title="Blockade of Germany (1914–1919)">Germany</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportations_from_East_Prussia_during_World_War_I" title="Deportations from East Prussia during World War I">Deportations from East Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_Kalisz" title="Destruction of Kalisz">Destruction of Kalisz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Dinant" title="Sack of Dinant">Sack of Dinant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late_Ottoman_genocides" title="Late Ottoman genocides">Late Ottoman genocides</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayfo" title="Sayfo">Assyrian genocide (Sayfo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_genocide" title="Greek genocide">Pontic Greek genocide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_of_Belgium" title="Rape of Belgium">Rape of Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_revolt_of_1916" title="Central Asian revolt of 1916">Urkun (Kyrgyzstan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacres_of_Albanians_in_World_War_I" title="Massacres of Albanians in World War I">Massacres of Albanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Canadian_internment" title="Ukrainian Canadian internment">Ukrainian Canadian internment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_history_of_World_War_I" title="Diplomatic history of World War I">Diplomacy</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Entry into the war</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Austro-Hungarian entry into World War I">Austria-Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_entry_into_World_War_I" title="French entry into World War I">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_entry_into_World_War_I" title="German entry into World War I">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Italian entry into World War I">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Japanese entry into World War I">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Ottoman entry into World War I">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Russian entry into World War I">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_entry_into_World_War_I" title="British entry into World War I">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_entry_into_World_War_I" title="American entry into World War I">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Declarations_of_war_during_World_War_I" title="Declarations of war during World War I">Declarations of war</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/To_my_peoples" title="To my peoples">Austria-Hungary against Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_declaration_of_war_upon_Germany_(1914)" title="United Kingdom declaration of war upon Germany (1914)">UK against Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire_in_World_War_I#Declaration_of_jihad" title="Ottoman Empire in World War I">Ottomans against the Triple Entente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_declaration_of_war_on_Germany_(1917)" title="United States declaration of war on Germany (1917)">USA against Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_declaration_of_war_on_Austria-Hungary" title="United States declaration of war on Austria-Hungary">USA against Austria-Hungary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Agreements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantinople_Agreement" title="Constantinople Agreement">Constantinople Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_London_(1915)" title="Treaty of London (1915)">Treaty of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus_Protocol" title="Damascus Protocol">Damascus Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria%E2%80%93Germany_treaty_(1915)" title="Bulgaria–Germany treaty (1915)">Bulgaria–Germany treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Darin" title="Treaty of Darin">Treaty of Darin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sykes%E2%80%93Picot_Agreement" title="Sykes–Picot Agreement">Sykes–Picot Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sazonov%E2%80%93Pal%C3%A9ologue_Agreement" title="Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement">Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Economy_Pact" title="Paris Economy Pact">Paris Economy Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1916)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1916)">Treaty of Bucharest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_of_Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne" title="Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne">Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Peace treaties</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modus_vivendi_of_Acroma" title="Modus vivendi of Acroma">Modus vivendi of Acroma</a></li> <li>Treaties of Brest-Litovsk <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk">Russia–Central Powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk_(Ukraine%E2%80%93Central_Powers)" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (Ukraine–Central Powers)">Ukraine–Central Powers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1918)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1918)">Treaty of Bucharest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Conference_(1919%E2%80%931920)" title="Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)">Paris Peace Conference</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Saint-Germain-en-Laye_(1919)" title="Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919)">Treaty of St. Germain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Neuilly-sur-Seine" title="Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine">Treaty of Neuilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Trianon" title="Treaty of Trianon">Treaty of Trianon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_S%C3%A8vres" title="Treaty of Sèvres">Treaty of Sèvres</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lausanne" title="Treaty of Lausanne">Treaty of Lausanne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arrest_of_a_Suspect_in_Sarajevo" title="Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo">Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutilated_victory" title="Mutilated victory">Mutilated victory</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Virgin" title="The Golden Virgin">The Golden Virgin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/They_shall_not_pass" title="They shall not pass">They shall not pass</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:World_War_I" title="Category:World War I">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Ottoman_Empire&#124;link=Ottoman_Empire_Ottoman_battles_in_the_20th_century" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ottoman_battles_in_the_20th_century" title="Template:Ottoman battles in the 20th century"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ottoman_battles_in_the_20th_century" title="Template talk:Ottoman battles in the 20th century"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ottoman_battles_in_the_20th_century" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ottoman battles in the 20th century"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Ottoman_Empire&#124;link=Ottoman_Empire_Ottoman_battles_in_the_20th_century" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire"><img alt="Ottoman Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> Ottoman battles in the 20th century</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War" title="Italo-Turkish War">Italo-Turkish War</a> (1911–1912)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Preveza_(1911)" title="Battle of Preveza (1911)">Preveza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tobruk_(1911)" title="Battle of Tobruk (1911)">Tobruk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Benghazi_(1911)" title="Battle of Benghazi (1911)">Benghazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kunfuda_Bay" title="Battle of Kunfuda Bay">Kunfuda Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Derna_(1912)" title="Battle of Derna (1912)">Derna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beirut_(1912)" title="Battle of Beirut (1912)">Beirut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rhodes_(1912)" title="Battle of Rhodes (1912)">Rhodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Zanzur_(1912)" title="Battles of Zanzur (1912)">Zanzur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Wars" title="Balkan Wars">Balkan Wars</a> (1912–1913)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarantaporo" title="Battle of Sarantaporo">Sarantaporo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yenidje" title="Battle of Yenidje">Yenidje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kardzhali" title="Battle of Kardzhali">Kırcalı (Kardzhali)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pente_Pigadia" title="Battle of Pente Pigadia">Beşpınar (Pente Pigadia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sorovich" title="Battle of Sorovich">Sorovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kumanovo" title="Battle of Kumanovo">Kumanovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kirk_Kilisse" title="Battle of Kirk Kilisse">Kirk Kilise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Scutari_(1912%E2%80%931913)" title="Siege of Scutari (1912–1913)">İşkodra (Scutari)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lule_Burgas" title="Battle of Lule Burgas">Lüleburgaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Adrianople_(1912%E2%80%931913)" title="Siege of Adrianople (1912–1913)">1st Edirne (Adrianople)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Prilep" title="Battle of Prilep">Prilep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himara_revolt_of_1912" title="Himara revolt of 1912">Himara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monastir" title="Battle of Monastir">Monastir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_%C3%87atalca" title="First Battle of Çatalca">1st Çatalca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kaliakra_(1912)" title="Battle of Kaliakra (1912)">Varna (Kaliakra)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Merhamli" title="Battle of Merhamli">Merhamli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Elli" title="Battle of Elli">İmroz (Elli)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Korytsa" title="Capture of Korytsa">Korytsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lemnos_(1913)" title="Battle of Lemnos (1913)">Lemnos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Adrianople_(1913)" title="Siege of Adrianople (1913)">2nd Edirne (Adrianople)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bulair" title="Battle of Bulair"> Bolayır</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C5%9Eark%C3%B6y" title="Battle of Şarköy">Şarköy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bizani" title="Battle of Bizani">Bizani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_%C3%87atalca" title="Second Battle of Çatalca">2nd Çatalca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War</a> (1914–1918)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bergmann_Offensive" title="Bergmann Offensive">Köprüköy (Bergmann) </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarikamish" title="Battle of Sarikamish">Sarikamish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ardahan" title="Battle of Ardahan">Ardahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_the_Suez_Canal" title="Raid on the Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_operations_in_the_Dardanelles_campaign" title="Naval operations in the Dardanelles campaign">Naval operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Katia" title="Battle of Katia">Katya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_at_Cape_Helles" title="Landing at Cape Helles">Seddülbayır (Cape Helles)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kumkale" title="Battle of Kumkale">Kumkale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_at_Anzac_Cove" title="Landing at Anzac Cove">1st Arıburnu (Anzac Cove)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Baby_700" title="Battle for Baby 700">Baby 700</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Krithia" title="First Battle of Krithia">1st Kirte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dilman" title="Battle of Dilman">Battle of Dilman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_attack_on_Anzac_Cove" title="Second attack on Anzac Cove">2nd Arıburnu (2nd Anzac Cove)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Krithia" title="Second Battle of Krithia">2nd Kirte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_for_No.3_Post" title="Battle for No.3 Post">No.3 Post</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_attack_on_Anzac_Cove" title="Third attack on Anzac Cove">3rd Arıburnu (3rd Anzac Cove)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Krithia" title="Third Battle of Krithia">3rd Kirte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gully_Ravine" title="Battle of Gully Ravine">Zığındere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Manzikert_(1915)" title="Battle of Manzikert (1915)">Manzikert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kara_Killisse_(1915)" title="Battle of Kara Killisse (1915)">Kara Killisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krithia_Vineyard" title="Battle of Krithia Vineyard">Kirte Bağları (Krithia Vineyard)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lone_Pine" title="Battle of Lone Pine">Kanlısırt (Lone Pine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_at_Suvla_Bay" title="Landing at Suvla Bay">Anafartalar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chunuk_Bair" title="Battle of Chunuk Bair">Conkbayır</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sari_Bair" title="Battle of Sari Bair">Sarıbayır</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Nek" title="Battle of the Nek">Kılıçbayır (The Nek)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hill_60_(Gallipoli)" title="Battle of Hill 60 (Gallipoli)">Hill 60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Scimitar_Hill" title="Battle of Scimitar Hill">Yusufçuktepe (Scimitar Hill)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ctesiphon_(1915)" title="Battle of Ctesiphon (1915)">Selman’ı Pak (Ctesiphon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kut" title="Siege of Kut">1st Kut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sheikh_Sa%27ad" title="Battle of Sheikh Sa'ad">Sağ Sahil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erzurum_offensive" title="Erzurum offensive">Erzurum offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wadi_(1916)" title="Battle of Wadi (1916)">Wadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hanna" title="Battle of Hanna">Felahiye (Hanna)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dujaila" title="Battle of Dujaila">Sabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trebizond_Campaign" title="Trebizond Campaign">Trebizond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mecca_(1916)" title="Battle of Mecca (1916)">Mecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Erzincan" title="Battle of Erzincan">Erzincan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aqaba" title="Battle of Aqaba">Aqaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bitlis" title="Battle of Bitlis">Bitlis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Romani" title="Battle of Romani">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bir_el_Abd" title="Battle of Bir el Abd">Bir el Abd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Yanbu" title="Capture of Yanbu">Yanbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Magdhaba" title="Battle of Magdhaba">Magdhaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rafa" title="Battle of Rafa">Rafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Nekhl" title="Raid on Nekhl">Nekhl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Bir_el_Hassana" title="Raid on Bir el Hassana">Bir el Hassana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Kut" title="Second Battle of Kut">2nd Kut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samarra_offensive" title="Samarra offensive">Samarrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mount_Hamrin" title="Battle of Mount Hamrin">Jebel Hamlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Gaza" title="First Battle of Gaza">1st Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Gaza" title="Second Battle of Gaza">2nd Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Istabulat" title="Battle of Istabulat">Istabulat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aqaba" title="Battle of Aqaba">Aqaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Ramadi_(1917)" title="Battles of Ramadi (1917)">Ramadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wadi_Musa" title="Battle of Wadi Musa">Wadi Musa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beersheba_(1917)" title="Battle of Beersheba (1917)">Beersheba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tel_el_Khuweilfe" title="Battle of Tel el Khuweilfe">Khuweilfe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Gaza" title="Third Battle of Gaza">3rd Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Baghdad_(1917)" title="Fall of Baghdad (1917)">Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hareira_and_Sheria" title="Battle of Hareira and Sheria">Hareira and Sheria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Wadi_el_Hesi" title="Capture of Wadi el Hesi">Wadi el Hesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charge_at_Huj" title="Charge at Huj">Huj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mughar_Ridge" title="Battle of Mughar Ridge">Mughar Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ayun_Kara" title="Battle of Ayun Kara">Ayun Kara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jerusalem" title="Battle of Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jaffa_(1917)" title="Battle of Jaffa (1917)">Jaffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Jericho" title="Capture of Jericho">Jericho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_%27Asur" title="Battle of Tell 'Asur">Tell 'Asur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_Khan_Baghdadi" title="Action of Khan Baghdadi">Khan Baghdadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hijla" title="Battle of Hijla">Hijla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Amman" title="First Battle of Amman">1st Amman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Jordan#Prelude" title="Second Battle of the Jordan">Berukin and 1st Arara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Jordan" title="Second Battle of the Jordan">2nd Transjordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Abaran" title="Battle of Abaran">Abaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sardarabad" title="Battle of Sardarabad">Sardarabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karakilisa" title="Battle of Karakilisa">Karakilisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Goychay" title="Battle of Goychay">Goychay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Goychay#Shamakhi,_Aghsu_and_Ismailly" title="Battle of Goychay">Aghsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kurdamir" title="Battle of Kurdamir">Kurdamir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Binagadi" title="Battle of Binagadi">Binagadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baku" title="Battle of Baku">Baku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_Arsuf" title="Action of Arsuf">Arsuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Caucasus_expedition" title="German Caucasus expedition">German Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Abu_Tellul" title="Battle of Abu Tellul">Abu Tellul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arara" title="Battle of Arara">2nd Arara</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Megiddo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabsor" title="Battle of Tabsor">Tabsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tulkarm" title="Battle of Tulkarm">Tulkarm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Afulah_and_Beisan" title="Capture of Afulah and Beisan">Afulah and Beisan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nazareth" title="Battle of Nazareth">Nazareth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Jenin" title="Capture of Jenin">Jenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Haifa_(1918)" title="Battle of Haifa (1918)">Haifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Samakh" title="Battle of Samakh">Samakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Tiberias_(1918)" title="Capture of Tiberias (1918)">Tiberias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charge_at_Irbid" title="Charge at Irbid">Irbid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jisr_Benat_Yakub" title="Battle of Jisr Benat Yakub">Jisr Benat Yakub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charge_at_Kaukab" title="Charge at Kaukab">Kaukab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Damascus" title="Capture of Damascus">Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charge_at_Kiswe" title="Charge at Kiswe">Kiswe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Jisr_ed_Damieh" title="Capture of Jisr ed Damieh">Jisr ed Damieh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sharqat" title="Battle of Sharqat">Sharqat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aleppo_(1918)" title="Battle of Aleppo (1918)">Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charge_at_Khan_Ayash" title="Charge at Khan Ayash">Khan Ayash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Amman" title="Second Battle of Amman">2nd Amman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charge_at_Haritan" title="Charge at Haritan">Haritan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>For the battles before 1900 <i>see</i> <a href="/wiki/List_of_battles_involving_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="List of battles involving the Ottoman Empire">List of battles involving the Ottoman Empire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199371#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh00006013">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007291711405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)&oldid=1254724449">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)&oldid=1254724449</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_in_1918" title="Category:Battles in 1918">Battles in 1918</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1918_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Category:1918 in the Ottoman Empire">1918 in the Ottoman Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_of_the_Sinai_and_Palestine_Campaign" title="Category:Battles of the Sinai and Palestine Campaign">Battles of the Sinai and Palestine Campaign</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_of_World_War_I_involving_Australia" title="Category:Battles of World War I involving Australia">Battles of World War I involving Australia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_of_World_War_I_involving_New_Zealand" title="Category:Battles of World War I involving New Zealand">Battles of World War I involving New Zealand</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_of_World_War_I_involving_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Battles of World War I involving the United Kingdom">Battles of World War I involving the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_of_World_War_I_involving_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Category:Battles of World War I involving the Ottoman Empire">Battles of World War I involving the Ottoman Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_of_World_War_I_involving_France" title="Category:Battles of World War I involving France">Battles of World War I involving France</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_of_World_War_I_involving_British_India" title="Category:Battles of World War I involving British India">Battles of World War I involving British India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_of_World_War_I_involving_Germany" title="Category:Battles of World War I involving Germany">Battles of World War I involving Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Aerial_operations_and_battles_of_World_War_I" title="Category:Aerial operations and battles of World War I">Aerial operations and battles of World War I</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_the_Royal_Air_Force_during_World_War_I" title="Category:History of the Royal Air Force during World War I">History of the Royal Air Force during World War I</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_of_World_War_I_involving_Indian_Princely_States" title="Category:Battles of World War I involving Indian Princely States">Battles of World War I involving Indian Princely States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:September_1918_events" title="Category:September 1918 events">September 1918 events</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_of_Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Category:Battles of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Battles of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tel_Megiddo" title="Category:Tel Megiddo">Tel Megiddo</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Turkish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Turkish-language text">Articles containing Turkish-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_September_2024" title="Category:Use dmy dates from September 2024">Use dmy dates from September 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_February_2012" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from February 2012">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from February 2012</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_December_2011" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from December 2011">Articles with unsourced statements from December 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_April_2015" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2015">Articles with unsourced statements from April 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_February_2013" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2013">Articles with unsourced statements from February 2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 1 November 2024, at 10:57<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6d67bf974d-vtr6j","wgBackendResponseTime":148,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.147","walltime":"1.453","ppvisitednodes":{"value":8531,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":324038,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":23509,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":15,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":26,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":182193,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1181.444 1 -total"," 19.37% 228.837 1 Template:Infobox_military_conflict"," 19.10% 225.646 32 Template:Cite_book"," 13.33% 157.514 2 Template:Reflist"," 10.74% 126.919 1 Template:Efn"," 10.14% 119.814 1 Template:Langx"," 7.41% 87.493 2 Template:Campaignbox"," 7.36% 86.946 1 Template:Campaignbox_Sinai_and_Palestine"," 7.13% 84.237 1 Template:Short_description"," 6.62% 78.188 1 Template:Commons_category"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.607","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":25761083,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-67876799fc-pxvpg","timestamp":"20241127205106","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Battle of Megiddo (1918)","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q199371","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q199371","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-05-05T04:36:53Z","dateModified":"2024-11-01T10:57:02Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/3c\/Falls2Map1SthPalDetMegiddo.jpeg","headline":"1918 battle of the First World War which was fought in Ottoman Palestine"}</script> </body> </html>