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Pahu - Wikipedia

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#a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Pahu" title="Special:EditPage/Pahu">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&amp;q=%22Pahu%22">"Pahu"</a>&#160;–&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&amp;q=%22Pahu%22+-wikipedia&amp;tbs=ar:1">news</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&amp;q=%22Pahu%22&amp;tbs=bkt:s&amp;tbm=bks">newspapers</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&amp;q=%22Pahu%22+-wikipedia">books</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Pahu%22">scholar</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Pahu%22&amp;acc=on&amp;wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Drum_(pahu)_LACMA_M.2008.66.11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Drum_%28pahu%29_LACMA_M.2008.66.11.jpg/220px-Drum_%28pahu%29_LACMA_M.2008.66.11.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Drum_%28pahu%29_LACMA_M.2008.66.11.jpg/330px-Drum_%28pahu%29_LACMA_M.2008.66.11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Drum_%28pahu%29_LACMA_M.2008.66.11.jpg/440px-Drum_%28pahu%29_LACMA_M.2008.66.11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1575" data-file-height="2100" /></a><figcaption>Pahu</figcaption></figure> <p>The term "<b>pahu</b>" is a general word for drum in Hawaiian culture however, there are a variety of them. To fully understand the "<b>pahu</b>" as it pertains to dance, it's important to consider the following explanation. </p><p>Since the mid-1800s, the term "<b>hula</b>" has been widely used to encompass all aspects of Hawaiian dance. Historically, however, ancient Hawaiians used two distinct terms to describe dance movements. "<b>Hula</b>" specifically referred to formalized dance performed by humans in non-sacred contexts. In contrast, "<b>ha`a</b>" was the term used for formalized movements performed in sacred or mourning contexts. "<b>Ha`a</b>" was also performed by deities and non-human entities, including personified natural forces like flowers, birds, trees, winds, or lava, as well as puppets (ki`i). The confusion between "<b>hula</b>" and "<b>ha`a</b>", particularly regarding the sacred nature of the dance, is largely attributed to Emerson, who did not differentiate between the two in early written accounts. </p><p><b>Example:</b> </p><p>In a chant for Queen Emma; </p><p>Pā ka makani, naue ka lau o ka niu The wind blows, the leaves of the coconut sway </p><p>"<b>Ha`a</b>" ka pua kowali i ke kula The morning glory blossoms dance/move on the plain. </p><p><b>Example:</b> </p><p>Aia la o Pele i Hawai`i ea Pele is in Hawai`i </p><p>E "<b>ha`a</b>" mai la i Maukele ea. She is ritually moving at Maukele </p><p>The use of both "<b>ha’a</b>" and "<b>hula</b>" in the following texts reveals usages of the terms: </p><p>1. Ke "<b>ha`a</b>" la Puna i ka makani la, Puna is dancing in the breeze </p><p>2. "<b>Ha`a</b>" ka ulu hala i Kea` au The hala groves of Kea'`au are dancing. </p><p>3. "<b>Ha`a</b>" Ha`ena me Hopoe Ha`ena and Hopoe dance </p><p>4. `Ami i kai o Nanahuki e Swaying by the sea of Nanahuki </p><p>5. "<b>Hula</b>" le`a wale i kai o Nanahuki e Just a delightful dance in the sea of Nanahuki </p><p>Based on these facts the terms <b>hula</b> "<b>pahu</b>" and "<b>pahu hula</b>" seemingly are oxymorons, and experts in "<b>hula</b>" do not pass on this information to their students but it is not intentional. </p><p>According to Kaeppler's research, "<b>ha`a</b>" was reintroduced in the 1930s through mele mentioned by Keakaokala Kanahele and Luika Kaio. However, by this time, it was no longer called "<b>ha`a</b>" but was referred to as "<b>hula pahu</b>". </p><p>In Adrienne L. Kaeppler's book Hula Pahu Volume I, pages 15-18, she says that the "<b>pahu</b>" and the "<b>ka`eke</b>" were two different drums as does Emerson. She also says that these two drums can be categorized as follows; </p><p>"in sacred contexts during heiau ceremonies, in association with mele pule, the "<b>pahu</b>" sent forth its sound as <b>ho`oheihei</b>, and its associated movement dimension was "<b>ha`a</b>"; </p><p>In contexts of honoring or entertaining, in association with allusive poetry, the "<b>ka`eke</b>" drum, was augmented by a secondary drum known as "<b>pūniu</b>" or "<b>kilu</b>", sent forth sound as "<b>ka`eke`eke</b>" and the corresponding movement dimension was "<b>hula</b>." (Structured movements done by humans in non-sacred and joyous context - are the movements of dance.) </p><p>"<b>Ha`a</b>" was performed as a religious sacrament in movement (or emotional outpouring of grief when used in laments), while "<b>hula</b>" consisted of social metaphors in movement. </p><p>Here is an excerpt for Emersonʻs book The Long Voyages of the Ancient Hawaiians, page 22. “One important piece of baggage that La`a-mai-kahiki, as he is from this time to be called, brought with him was his "<b>ka`eke`eke</b>" drum, consisting of a hollow, carved log. covered, as to its open mouth, with a tightly drawn head of shark-skin. La`a-maikahiki seems to have set great store by his drum, his priests and his idol, and always kept them by him even in his travels. </p><p>In Trum’s Hawaiian Folk Tales A Collection of Native Legends, page 187 he tells of a drum called the "<b>pahu ka`eke</b>" in the story of Ai Kanaka. </p><p>Below is what is widely believed today among hula practitioners. </p><p>The <i><b>pahu</b></i> is a traditional musical instrument found in <a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tahiti" title="Tahiti">Tahiti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a>. Carved from a single log and covered on the playing end with a stretched sharkskin, the pahu is played with the palms and fingers of the hand. It is considered a sacred instrument and was generally kept in a temple (heiau), and used to accompany a repertoire of <a href="/wiki/Religious_music" title="Religious music"> sacred songs</a> called hula pahu/ura paʻu.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Hawaiian term <b>pahu</b> translates into 'drum,' ‘Niu’ being the Hawaiian word for ‘coconut.' Although there are a number of specific types of percussion instruments used in Hawaiian cultural expressions of music, the Pahu is perhaps one of the most important percussion devices known to Hawaii, both ancient and modern, of the four main indigenous musical types (wooden drums, knee drums, calabash drums, and bamboo pipes).<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Pahu</b> may be found in the Hawaiian Islands in two main and distinctly different, but contextually related forms. The first is regarded as the <b>Heiau Pahu</b>, or religious drum (also known as the Pahu Pu’ule, or 'prayer drum'). The second has come to us in the form of the <b>Hula Pahu</b>, or musical accompaniment drum (sometimes referred to as the Pahu Mele, or song accompaniment drum). Both types of drum have a common ancient historical source. </p><p>The pahu drum is a staple in traditional Hawaiian dance, providing a basic rhythmic accompaniment. The drums' tall, narrow body is carved from wood, usually from a segment of a coconut tree trunk, and the head is made from dried sharkskin. The traditional Hawaiian Pahu was made from a sectioned and seasoned wooden tree trunk, preferably of coconut wood, although possibly other types of native wood may have been used. The original material used for the Pahu's waha (head) was either shark or ray skin. <b>Heiau Pahu</b> tended to be originally made with a waha of ray skin, while non-religious Pahu often used sharkskin. The Pahu is played with the bare hands and fingers.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pahu&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hula" title="Hula">Hula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pate_(musical_instrument)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pate (musical instrument)">Pate (musical instrument)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pahu&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNathaniel_B._Emerson1909" class="citation web cs1">Nathaniel B. Emerson (1909). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sacred-texts.com/pac/ulh/ulh16.htm">"Unwritten Literature of Hawaii"</a>. p.&#160;103<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Unwritten+Literature+of+Hawaii&amp;rft.pages=103&amp;rft.date=1909&amp;rft.au=Nathaniel+B.+Emerson&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sacred-texts.com%2Fpac%2Fulh%2Fulh16.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APahu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.authorsden.com/categories/article_top.asp?catid=62&amp;id=36180">"The Hawaiian Drum: Pahu (article) by Kalikiano Kalei"</a>. <i>Authorsden.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Authorsden.com&amp;rft.atitle=The+Hawaiian+Drum%3A+Pahu+%28article%29+by+Kalikiano+Kalei&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.authorsden.com%2Fcategories%2Farticle_top.asp%3Fcatid%3D62%26id%3D36180&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APahu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cetara" title="Cetara">Cetera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cythara" title="Cythara">Cythara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epinette_des_Vosges" title="Epinette des Vosges">Epinette des Vosges</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandulina&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mandulina (page does not exist)">Mandulina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandore_(instrument)" title="Mandore (instrument)">Mandore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalterium_(instrument)" class="mw-redirect" title="Psalterium (instrument)">Tambourin à cordes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukulele" title="Ukulele">Ukulele</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bowed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bladder_fiddle" title="Bladder fiddle">Basse de Flandre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobre" title="Bobre">Bobre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurdy-gurdy" title="Hurdy-gurdy">Vielle à roue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wind</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Free-reed<br />instruments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urganettu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Urganettu (page does not exist)">Urganettu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Flutes and<br />oboes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gra%C3%AFle" title="Graïle">Graïle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pu_toka&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pu toka (page does not exist)">Pu toka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pu%27akau&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pu&#39;akau (page does not exist)">Pu'akau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C5%AB%CA%BBili&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pūʻili (page does not exist)">Pūʻili</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Free-reed<br />pipes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cialamedda&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Cialamedda (page does not exist)">Cialamedda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirula" class="mw-redirect" title="Pirula">Pirula</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vivo_(instrument)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vivo (instrument) (page does not exist)">Vivo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Horns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pifana_(instrument)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pifana (instrument) (page does not exist)">Pifana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Percussion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Drums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gumbe_(drum)" title="Gumbe (drum)">Gumbe</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pate_(instrument)" title="Pate (instrument)">Pate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rouleur_(instrument)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rouleur (instrument) (page does not exist)">Rouleur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Idiophones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunaglieri&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sunaglieri (page does not exist)">Sunaglieri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timpanu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Timpanu (page does not exist)">Timpanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayamb" title="Kayamb">Kayamb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bodega_(bagpipe)" title="Bodega (bagpipe)">Bodega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boha" title="Boha">Boha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_box" title="Music box">Boîte à musique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bousine" title="Bousine">Bousine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabrette" title="Cabrette">Cabrette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caramusa" title="Caramusa">Caramusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chabrette" title="Chabrette">Chabrette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornemuse_du_Centre" title="Cornemuse du Centre">Cornemuse du Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairground_organ" title="Fairground organ">Limonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loure_(bagpipe)" title="Loure (bagpipe)">Loure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrel_organ" title="Barrel organ">Orgue de barbarie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_organ" title="Dance organ">Orgue de danse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_organ" title="Street organ">Orgue de rue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrophone" title="Pyrophone">Pyrophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ral%C3%A9-pouss%C3%A9" title="Ralé-poussé">Ralé-poussé</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riberbula&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Riberbula (page does not exist)">Riberbula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serinette" title="Serinette">Serinette</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐5dc468848‐8gk98 Cached time: 20241122162446 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.291 seconds Real time usage: 0.757 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 544/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 32467/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 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