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window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":21201088,"created_at":"2016-01-29T21:34:07.006-08:00","from_world_paper_id":147548529,"updated_at":"2024-11-27T05:08:17.933-08:00","_data":{"ai_title_tag":"Boosting Innate Immunity in Organ Transplant Recipients","grobid_abstract":"Although immunosuppressive drugs prevent graft rejection, they also predispose patients to infection, representing a major complication in organ transplantation. It would thus be highly desirable to attain true immune tolerance without increasing the risk of infections and malignancies. Before the background of current strategies in the management of infections, the novel concept of differential reactivation of immunity, ie, boosting the innate immune response while continuing suppression of the adaptive immune response, is introduced.","publication_date":"2004,,","publication_name":"Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"41759892"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Potential of colony-stimulating factors to improve host defense in organ transplant recipients","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [34969614]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":41759892,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Potential of colony-stimulating factors to improve host defense in organ transplant recipients”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/41759892/mini_magick20190218-4226-i6a57y.png?1550538253" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Potential of colony-stimulating factors to improve host defense in organ transplant recipients</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34969614" href="https://mcg.academia.edu/RudolfLucas"><img alt="Profile image of Rudolf Lucas" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/34969614/59700890/47950050/s65_rudolf.lucas.png" />Rudolf Lucas</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2004, Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">7 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 21201088; 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It would thus be highly desirable to attain true immune tolerance without increasing the risk of infections and malignancies. Before the background of current strategies in the management of infections, the novel concept of differential reactivation of immunity, ie, boosting the innate immune response while continuing suppression of the adaptive immune response, is introduced.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":41759892,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/21201088/Potential_of_colony_stimulating_factors_to_improve_host_defense_in_organ_transplant_recipients"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":41759892,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/21201088/Potential_of_colony_stimulating_factors_to_improve_host_defense_in_organ_transplant_recipients"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="41759892" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/21201088/Potential_of_colony_stimulating_factors_to_improve_host_defense_in_organ_transplant_recipients" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="86214339" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/86214339/The_potential_of_GM_CSF_to_improve_resistance_against_infections_in_organ_transplantation">The potential of GM-CSF to improve resistance against infections in organ 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class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/86214339/The_potential_of_GM_CSF_to_improve_resistance_against_infections_in_organ_transplantation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="21201075" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21201075/GM_CSF_Restores_Innate_But_Not_Adaptive_Immune_Responses_in_Glucocorticoid_Immunosuppressed_Human_Blood_In_Vitro">GM-CSF Restores Innate, But Not Adaptive, Immune Responses in Glucocorticoid-Immunosuppressed Human Blood In Vitro</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34969614" href="https://mcg.academia.edu/RudolfLucas">Rudolf Lucas</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Journal of Immunology, 2003</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"GM-CSF Restores Innate, But Not Adaptive, Immune Responses in Glucocorticoid-Immunosuppressed Human Blood In Vitro","attachmentId":41759891,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21201075/GM_CSF_Restores_Innate_But_Not_Adaptive_Immune_Responses_in_Glucocorticoid_Immunosuppressed_Human_Blood_In_Vitro","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/21201075/GM_CSF_Restores_Innate_But_Not_Adaptive_Immune_Responses_in_Glucocorticoid_Immunosuppressed_Human_Blood_In_Vitro"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="70487406" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/70487406/Recombinant_human_granulocyte_colony_stimulating_factor_after_kidney_transplantation_a_retrospective_analysis_to_evaluate_the_benefit_or_risk_of_immunostimulation">Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor after kidney transplantation: a retrospective analysis to evaluate the benefit or risk of immunostimulation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="213915068" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Gy%C3%B6ngyiB%C3%A9k%C3%A9si">Gyöngyi Békési</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Transplantation, 2000</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Leukopenia due to immunosuppressive drugs represents a well-known complication in graft recipients, which might put patients at an increased risk for infections. In this study, recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF), a hematopoietic growth factor that selectively stimulates neutrophil colony formation and neutrophil cell differentiation, was tested for safety and efficacy. We evaluated 30 episodes of leukopenia (&lt;2000/mm3) in 19 kidney graft recipients treated with rhG-CSF. This cohort was compared with an age- and sex-matched historical control group without therapy. Peripheral and differential blood cell counts were analyzed, and the duration of leukopenia was estimated. Furthermore, the occurrence of infections associated with leukopenia was investigated. All patients responded to rhG-CSF therapy. Peripheral leukocyte counts increased from 1756+/-582 to a peak of 8723+/-3038/mm3 (P&lt;0.0001). On the average, the peak was reached after 2.7 days (rang...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor after kidney transplantation: a retrospective analysis to evaluate the benefit or risk of immunostimulation","attachmentId":80221344,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/70487406/Recombinant_human_granulocyte_colony_stimulating_factor_after_kidney_transplantation_a_retrospective_analysis_to_evaluate_the_benefit_or_risk_of_immunostimulation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/70487406/Recombinant_human_granulocyte_colony_stimulating_factor_after_kidney_transplantation_a_retrospective_analysis_to_evaluate_the_benefit_or_risk_of_immunostimulation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="6409995" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6409995/The_role_of_granulocyte_colony_stimulating_factor_G_CSF_in_the_post_transplant_period">The role of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in the post-transplant period</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="10081624" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Jos%C3%A9L%C3%B3pezL%C3%B3pez">José López López</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Bone Marrow Transplantation, 2002</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Melioidosis is a fatal disease endemic in Southeast Asia and Australia. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the main risk factors for acquiring this infectious disease. We described a case of severe melioidosis in a 31-yearold female patient with multiple hepatosplenic abscesses and underlying type 2 diabetes mellitus. The blood culture showed positive results to Burkholderia pseudomallei only after one month of on and off fever experienced by the patient. A splenectomy was done to prevent the development of peritonitis. The use of granulocyte colonystimulating Factor (G-CSF) in addition to shifting from ceftazidime to meropenem therapy played an effective role in the recovery of the patient. In this case report we reviewed the literature on the impaired immunity in type 2 diabetic patient that put the patient on risk of acquiring melioidosis and the suggested role of G-CSF and carbapenem therapy.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The role of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in the post-transplant period","attachmentId":48879797,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/6409995/The_role_of_granulocyte_colony_stimulating_factor_G_CSF_in_the_post_transplant_period","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/6409995/The_role_of_granulocyte_colony_stimulating_factor_G_CSF_in_the_post_transplant_period"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="104844222" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/104844222/Effects_of_recombinant_human_granulocyte_and_granulocyte_macrophage_colony_stimulating_factors_on_neutrophil_function_following_autologous_bone_marrow_transplantation">Effects of recombinant human granulocyte and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors on neutrophil function following autologous bone marrow transplantation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="35761841" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FabianIna">Ina Fabian</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Leukemia Research, 1991</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Functional activity of peripheral blood neutrophils was assessed in eight patients at 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 weeks following auto[ogous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). Functions studied included superoxide generation (O;) intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureus, phagocytosis and killing of Candida albicans. Neutrophils were tested following in vitro preincubation with 300 pM granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), 1.2 nM granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) or buffered solution (diluent) as control. Our data indicate that during the early period (weeks 4-6) following ABMT most of the patients exhibited diminished neutrophil oxidative metabolism, defective phagocytosis and killing of C.. alhicans and reduced capacity to kill S. aurem. In some patients a gradual increase in the functional activity of ncutrophils occurred with time. Both GM-CSF and G-CSF induced in t,itro amplification of (a) (): production in response to fmet-leu-phe (FMLP) (b) phagocytosis and killing of ('. alhicans and (c) killing of S. aureus. This stud)' suggests that GM-('SF and G-CSF may enhance the depressed functional activity of neutrophils following ABMT.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Effects of recombinant human granulocyte and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors on neutrophil function following autologous bone marrow transplantation","attachmentId":104464165,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/104844222/Effects_of_recombinant_human_granulocyte_and_granulocyte_macrophage_colony_stimulating_factors_on_neutrophil_function_following_autologous_bone_marrow_transplantation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/104844222/Effects_of_recombinant_human_granulocyte_and_granulocyte_macrophage_colony_stimulating_factors_on_neutrophil_function_following_autologous_bone_marrow_transplantation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="70657551" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/70657551/Granulocyte_and_granulocyte_macrophage_colony_stimulating_factors_in_allografts_Uses_misuses_misconceptions_and_future_applications">Granulocyte and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors in allografts: Uses, misuses, misconceptions, and future applications</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37636198" href="https://unito.academia.edu/PaolaDefilippi">Paola Defilippi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Experimental Hematology, 2005</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Despite more than 10 years experience using growth factors after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (ASCT), their state in this has not been elucidated. Most studies show that they accelerate myeloid recovery, regardless of whether they are instituted on day 0 or day 10 after transplant. However, this does not correlate with an improvement in the outcome. One disadvantage is that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) prophylaxis is associated with slower platelet engraftment due to an increase in platelet aggregation. There is also no agreement as regards the value of G-CSF given as prophylaxis after ASCT, the effects on graft-vs-host disease (GVHD), and the survival rate. A large retrospective study from Europe showed that patients with acute leukemia who received bone marrow from HLA-identical siblings and were treated with G-CSF ran a higher risk of acute and chronic GVHD and transplant-related mortality, while the survival and the leukemia-free survival rates were reduced. In contrast, a meta-analysis of 18 small studies showed no evidence of an increase in acute and chronic GVHD, using G-CSF as prophylaxis after ASCT. Two studies from the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research showed contradictory data. When G-CSF is given to the recipient as prophylaxis, the levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor-a increase, which aggravates GVHD. When it is given to the donor, G-CSF polarizes T cells to produce T-helper cell-2 cytokines, which reduce GVHD after transplantation. G-CSF has no effect on relapse. Available findings suggest that there is no indication to use G-CSF as prophylaxis after ASCT.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Granulocyte and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors in allografts: Uses, misuses, misconceptions, and future applications","attachmentId":80317252,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/70657551/Granulocyte_and_granulocyte_macrophage_colony_stimulating_factors_in_allografts_Uses_misuses_misconceptions_and_future_applications","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/70657551/Granulocyte_and_granulocyte_macrophage_colony_stimulating_factors_in_allografts_Uses_misuses_misconceptions_and_future_applications"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="65443072" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/65443072/Review_on_the_Influence_of_Immune_System_on_Organ_Transplantation_and_its_Therapeutic_Strategy">Review on the Influence of Immune System on Organ Transplantation and its Therapeutic Strategy</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="35389660" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EHirpa">Eyob Hirpa</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Preserving immunity by minimizing immunosuppression or inducing tolerance is one of the major goals of the transplant immunologist. The immune responses against transplanted organs arise from several genetics barriers such as blood group incompatibility and human leukocyte antigen matching. After organ transplantation an immunosuppressive regimen is required to prevent graft rejection. Immunosuppressive drugs inhibit immune function by targeting both Tand B-cell responses through blockage of cellular proliferation induced by alloantigen stimulation and by inhibition of the cytokine production necessary for such stimulation. However, the absence of discrimination between the immune response against alloantigen from the transplanted organ and the immune response against environmental antigens renders transplanted patients strongly. Optimizing the immunosuppressive drug regimen to balance mandatory immunosuppression while preserving immunity is a difficult challenge for clinicians in c...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Review on the Influence of Immune System on Organ Transplantation and its Therapeutic Strategy","attachmentId":77037592,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/65443072/Review_on_the_Influence_of_Immune_System_on_Organ_Transplantation_and_its_Therapeutic_Strategy","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/65443072/Review_on_the_Influence_of_Immune_System_on_Organ_Transplantation_and_its_Therapeutic_Strategy"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="29026482" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29026482/G_CSF_Modulates_Cytokine_Profile_of_Dendritic_Cells_and_Decreases_Acute_Graft_Versus_Host_Disease_Through_Effects_on_the_Donor_Rather_Than_the_Recipient">G-CSF Modulates Cytokine Profile of Dendritic Cells and Decreases Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease Through Effects on the Donor Rather Than the Recipient</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="9611840" href="https://jntu.academia.edu/KVijayReddy">K Vijay Reddy</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Transplantation, 2000</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) is increasingly used instead of bone marrow transplantation, particularly in HLA identical sibling pairs. Despite the presence of significantly increased numbers of T cells in the PBSC graft, acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is not increased. We have investigated whether granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) administration to PBSCT recipients, both with and without donor G-CSF pretreatment, further modulates acute GVHD in a murine model of PBSCT. Recipients of G-CSF mobilized splenocytes showed a significantly improved survival (P<0.001) and a reduction in GVHD score and serum LPS levels compared with control recipients. G-CSF treatment of donors, rather than recipients, had the most significant effect on reducing levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF␣) 7 days after transplantation. As a potential mechanism of the reduction in TNF␣, we</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"G-CSF Modulates Cytokine Profile of Dendritic Cells and Decreases Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease Through Effects on the Donor Rather Than the Recipient","attachmentId":49475884,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/29026482/G_CSF_Modulates_Cytokine_Profile_of_Dendritic_Cells_and_Decreases_Acute_Graft_Versus_Host_Disease_Through_Effects_on_the_Donor_Rather_Than_the_Recipient","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/29026482/G_CSF_Modulates_Cytokine_Profile_of_Dendritic_Cells_and_Decreases_Acute_Graft_Versus_Host_Disease_Through_Effects_on_the_Donor_Rather_Than_the_Recipient"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="77841779" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77841779/Enhanced_resistance_of_bone_marrow_transplanted_mice_to_bacterial_infection_induced_by_recombinant_granulocyte_macrophage_colony_stimulating_factor">Enhanced resistance of bone marrow transplanted mice to bacterial infection induced by recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony- stimulating factor</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="35761841" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FabianIna">Ina Fabian</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Blood, 1990</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The in vivo effect of recombinant murine granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (rGM-CSF) on the resistance of mice to bacterial infection and on the number and function of neutrophils was studied in lethally irradiated mice transplanted with syngeneic bone marrow cells. Bone marrow transplanted (BMT) mice were injected intraperitoneally with 150 ng rGM-CSF or buffer solution (diluent) twice daily for 18 consecutive days. Total neutrophil recovery from the peripheral blood and the number of neutrophils mobilized into the peritoneal cavity were accelerated in rGM-CSF-treated recipients. Peritoneal neutrophils isolated from mice treated with rGM-CSF exhibited primed superoxide generation (O2-) after in vitro stimulation with suboptimal concentrations of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), as compared with control mice (treated with diluent). No additional increase in O2- production occurred upon in vitro incubation of these cells with rGM- CSF. The protective activity of rGM-CS...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Enhanced resistance of bone marrow transplanted mice to bacterial infection induced by recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony- stimulating factor","attachmentId":85095186,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/77841779/Enhanced_resistance_of_bone_marrow_transplanted_mice_to_bacterial_infection_induced_by_recombinant_granulocyte_macrophage_colony_stimulating_factor","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/77841779/Enhanced_resistance_of_bone_marrow_transplanted_mice_to_bacterial_infection_induced_by_recombinant_granulocyte_macrophage_colony_stimulating_factor"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="120414072" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/120414072/Role_of_Innate_and_Acquired_Immune_Mechanisms_in_Clinical_Intestinal_Transplant_Rejection">Role of Innate and Acquired Immune Mechanisms in Clinical Intestinal Transplant Rejection</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="35513511" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AndreasTzakis">Andreas Tzakis</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Transplantation, 2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Background. Long-term outcomes of intestinal transplantation are limited by infection and rejection. To understand the underlying immune mechanisms, graft infiltrating and peripheral blood cells were analyzed using multiple ex vivo assays in intestinal transplantation recipients. Methods. Infiltrating cells from rejected (graft enterectomy for rejection) and accepted or quiescent (stoma closure in stable transplant recipients) grafts were isolated and phenotypically characterized as to subsets and Toll-like receptor expressions as well as functionally tested for antimicrobial and antidonor immune responses. Multiparameter antidonor immunity was also assessed serially in the peripheral blood. Results. The graft infiltrating lymphocytes were mostly of recipient origin in all patients tested. In rejecting grafts, the predominant populations were TcRαβ + CD3 + CD8 + Tcells, and CD14 + monocytes that coexpressed Toll-like receptor-2, receptor-3, receptor-4, receptor-5, and receptor-9, suggesting innate immune activation. In quiescent allografts the major cell subsets were CD13 + CD14 − monocytes and CD4 + CD25 + T cells with possible regulatory functions. Infiltrating cells from rejected but not quiescent grafts proliferated in response to enteric bacterial and donor antigens as well as killed donor targets. Serial follow-up of peripheral blood indicated donor-specific posttransplant unresponsiveness in micro-cellmediated lympholysis (m-CML) and mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) in recipients with quiescent grafts, but not in recipients with multiple rejection episodes. Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSpot assays yielded parallel results: granzyme-B with micro-cell-mediated lympholysis and interferon-γ with MLR tests. Conclusion. These results were consistent with the notion that rejection was associated with innate and acquired antimicrobial and antidonor immune reactivity and that patients with stable grafts were free from these deleterious effects.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Role of Innate and Acquired Immune Mechanisms in Clinical Intestinal Transplant Rejection","attachmentId":115571362,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/120414072/Role_of_Innate_and_Acquired_Immune_Mechanisms_in_Clinical_Intestinal_Transplant_Rejection","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/120414072/Role_of_Innate_and_Acquired_Immune_Mechanisms_in_Clinical_Intestinal_Transplant_Rejection"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":41759892,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":41759892,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_41759892" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Shock, 2002</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Effect Of In vivo Infusion of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor on Immune Function","attachmentId":85955885,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/79131914/Effect_Of_In_vivo_Infusion_of_Granulocyte_Colony_Stimulating_Factor_on_Immune_Function","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/79131914/Effect_Of_In_vivo_Infusion_of_Granulocyte_Colony_Stimulating_Factor_on_Immune_Function"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span 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class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="35761841" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FabianIna">Ina Fabian</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Leukemia Research, 1992</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Effects of human interleukin 3, macrophage and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on monocyte function following autologous bone marrow transplantation","attachmentId":114055341,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/118425304/Effects_of_human_interleukin_3_macrophage_and_granulocyte_macrophage_colony_stimulating_factor_on_monocyte_function_following_autologous_bone_marrow_transplantation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span 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data-author-id="4679311" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LourdesVazquez">Lourdes Vazquez</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">British Journal of Haematology, 1996</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A randomized study comparing the effect of GM-CSF and G-CSF on immune reconstitution after autologous bone marrow transplantation","attachmentId":50130644,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3805108/A_randomized_study_comparing_the_effect_of_GM_CSF_and_G_CSF_on_immune_reconstitution_after_autologous_bone_marrow_transplantation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline 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