Euro NCAP | Technical Papers

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</li> <li> <a class="showChildren" href="/en/car-safety/safety-campaigns/2020-assisted-driving-tests/">2020 Assisted Driving Tests</a> <ul> <li> <a href="/en/car-safety/safety-campaigns/2020-assisted-driving-tests/whats-new/">What's New</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/car-safety/safety-campaigns/2020-assisted-driving-tests/gradings-explained/">Gradings Explained</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="/en/car-safety/safety-campaigns/2018-automated-driving-tests/">2018 Automated Driving Tests</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/car-safety/safety-campaigns/2016-quadricycles-tests/">2016 Quadricycles' Tests</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/car-safety/safety-campaigns/2014-quadricycles-tests/">2014 Quadricycles' Tests</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/car-safety/safety-campaigns/2013-aeb-tests/">2013 AEB Tests</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/car-safety/safety-campaigns/2013-aeb-fitment-survey/">2013 AEB Fitment Survey</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/car-safety/safety-campaigns/2010-esc-tests/">2010 ESC Tests</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/car-safety/safety-campaigns/2008-whiplash-tests/">2008 Whiplash Tests</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/car-safety/safety-campaigns/2008-esc-fitment-survey/">2008 ESC Fitment Survey</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="showChildren" href="/en/car-safety/the-ratings-explained/">The Ratings Explained</a> <ul> <li> <a class="showChildren" href="/en/car-safety/the-ratings-explained/adult-occupant-protection/">Adult Occupant Protection</a> <ul> <li> <a class="showChildren" href="/en/car-safety/the-ratings-explained/adult-occupant-protection/frontal-impact/">Frontal Impact</a> <ul> <li> <a href="/en/car-safety/the-ratings-explained/adult-occupant-protection/frontal-impact/mobile-progressive-deformable-barrier/">Mobile Progressive Deformable Barrier</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/car-safety/the-ratings-explained/adult-occupant-protection/frontal-impact/full-width-rigid-barrier/">Full Width Rigid Barrier</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="showChildren" href="/en/car-safety/the-ratings-explained/adult-occupant-protection/lateral-impact/">Lateral Impact</a> <ul> <li> <a href="/en/car-safety/the-ratings-explained/adult-occupant-protection/lateral-impact/side-mobile-barrier/">Side Mobile Barrier</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/car-safety/the-ratings-explained/adult-occupant-protection/lateral-impact/side-pole/">Side Pole</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/car-safety/the-ratings-explained/adult-occupant-protection/lateral-impact/far-side-impact/">Far-Side Impact</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="showChildren" href="/en/car-safety/the-ratings-explained/adult-occupant-protection/rear-impact/">Rear Impact</a> <ul> <li> <a href="/en/car-safety/the-ratings-explained/adult-occupant-protection/rear-impact/whiplash/">Whiplash</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="/en/car-safety/the-ratings-explained/adult-occupant-protection/rescue-and-extrication/">Rescue and Extrication</a> </li> <li> <a class="showChildren" href="/en/car-safety/the-ratings-explained/adult-occupant-protection/previous-tests/">Previous Tests</a> <ul> <li> <a href="/en/car-safety/the-ratings-explained/adult-occupant-protection/previous-tests/offset-deformable-barrier/">Offset-Deformable Barrier</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="showChildren" href="/en/car-safety/the-ratings-explained/child-occupant-protection/">Child Occupant Protection</a> <ul> <li> <a href="/en/car-safety/the-ratings-explained/child-occupant-protection/crs-performance/">CRS Performance</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/car-safety/the-ratings-explained/child-occupant-protection/safety-features/">Safety Features</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/car-safety/the-ratings-explained/child-occupant-protection/crs-installation-check/">CRS Installation Check</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="showChildren" href="/en/car-safety/the-ratings-explained/vulnerable-road-user-vru-protection/">Vulnerable Road User (VRU) Protection</a> <ul> <li> <a href="/en/car-safety/the-ratings-explained/vulnerable-road-user-vru-protection/head-impact/">Head Impact</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/car-safety/the-ratings-explained/vulnerable-road-user-vru-protection/pelvis-impact/">Pelvis Impact</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/car-safety/the-ratings-explained/vulnerable-road-user-vru-protection/leg-impact/">Leg Impact</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/car-safety/the-ratings-explained/vulnerable-road-user-vru-protection/aeb-pedestrian/">AEB Pedestrian</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/car-safety/the-ratings-explained/vulnerable-road-user-vru-protection/aeb-cyclist/">AEB Cyclist</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/car-safety/the-ratings-explained/vulnerable-road-user-vru-protection/cyclist-dooring-prevention/">Cyclist Dooring Prevention</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/car-safety/the-ratings-explained/vulnerable-road-user-vru-protection/aeb-lane-support-motorcyclist/">AEB / Lane Support Motorcyclist</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="showChildren" href="/en/car-safety/the-ratings-explained/safety-assist/">Safety Assist</a> <ul> <li> <a href="/en/car-safety/the-ratings-explained/safety-assist/aeb-car-to-car/">AEB Car-to-Car</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/car-safety/the-ratings-explained/safety-assist/occupant-status-monitoring/">Occupant Status Monitoring</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/car-safety/the-ratings-explained/safety-assist/speed-assistance/">Speed Assistance</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/car-safety/the-ratings-explained/safety-assist/lane-support/">Lane Support</a> </li> <li> <a class="showChildren" href="/en/car-safety/the-ratings-explained/safety-assist/previous-tests/">Previous Tests</a> <ul> <li> <a href="/en/car-safety/the-ratings-explained/safety-assist/previous-tests/esc/">ESC</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="/en/car-safety/assisted-driving-gradings-explained/">Assisted Driving Gradings Explained</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/car-safety/quadricycle-ratings-explained/">Quadricycle Ratings Explained</a> </li> <li> <a class="showChildren" href="/en/car-safety/glossary/">Glossary</a> <ul> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="/en/car-safety/meet-the-dummies/">Meet the Dummies</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="showChildren" href="/en/truck-van-safety/">Truck & Van Safety</a> <ul> <li> <a class="showChildren" href="/en/truck-van-safety/safer-trucks/">Safer Trucks</a> <ul> <li> <a href="/en/truck-van-safety/safer-trucks/commercial-truck-ratings/">Commercial Truck Ratings</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/truck-van-safety/safer-trucks/truck-rating-overview/">Truck Rating Overview</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/truck-van-safety/safer-trucks/stages-of-safety/">Stages of Safety</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/truck-van-safety/safer-trucks/members/">Members</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="showChildren" href="/en/truck-van-safety/commercial-van-ratings/">Commercial Van Ratings</a> <ul> <li> <a href="/en/truck-van-safety/commercial-van-ratings/commercial-van-ratings/">Commercial Van Ratings</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/truck-van-safety/commercial-van-ratings/van-rating-overview/">Van Rating Overview</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/truck-van-safety/commercial-van-ratings/system-fitment/">System Fitment</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="showChildren" href="/en/truck-van-safety/for-engineers/">For Engineers</a> <ul> <li> <a href="/en/truck-van-safety/for-engineers/protocols/">Protocols</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/truck-van-safety/for-engineers/supporting-information/">Supporting Information</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="showChildren" href="/en/press-media/">Press & Media</a> <ul> <li> <a href="/en/press-media/press-releases/">Press Releases</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/press-media/media-centre/">Media Centre</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/press-media/publication-guidelines/">Publication Guidelines</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="showChildren" href="/en/for-engineers/">For Engineers</a> <ul> <li> <a href="/en/for-engineers/whats-new/">What's New</a> </li> <li> <a class="showChildren" href="/en/for-engineers/protocols/">Protocols</a> <ul> <li> <a href="/en/for-engineers/protocols/general/">General</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/for-engineers/protocols/adult-occupant-protection/">Adult Occupant Protection</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/for-engineers/protocols/child-occupant-protection/">Child Occupant Protection</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/for-engineers/protocols/vulnerable-road-user-vru-protection/">Vulnerable Road User (VRU) Protection</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/for-engineers/protocols/safety-assist/">Safety Assist</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/for-engineers/protocols/2026-protocols/">2026 Protocols</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="showChildren" href="/en/for-engineers/supporting-information/">Supporting Information</a> <ul> <li> <a href="/en/for-engineers/supporting-information/technical-bulletins/">Technical Bulletins</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/for-engineers/supporting-information/other-information/">Other Information</a> </li> </ul> </li> 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value="7302">Mitsubishi</option> <option value="47196">Mobilize</option> <option value="43459">NIO</option> <option value="7303">Nissan</option> <option value="7304">Opel/Vauxhall</option> <option value="46579">ORA</option> <option value="7305">Peugeot</option> <option value="42205">Polestar</option> <option value="7306">Porsche</option> <option value="8827">Proton</option> <option value="7307">Qoros</option> <option value="7308">Renault</option> <option value="8834">Rover</option> <option value="7309">Saab</option> <option value="7310">SEAT</option> <option value="7311">Skoda</option> <option value="7312">smart</option> <option value="25618">SsangYong</option> <option value="7313">Subaru</option> <option value="7314">Suzuki</option> <option value="24482">Tazzari</option> <option value="7315">Tesla</option> <option value="7316">Toyota</option> <option value="50184">VinFast</option> <option value="7317">Volvo</option> <option value="7318">VW</option> <option value="46582">WEY</option> <option value="50015">XPENG</option> <option value="51437">ZEEKR</option> </select> <div class="dropdown-button"> <span class="sidebar-dropdown-text selected-make" id="selected-make"> Make </span> </div> <div class="dropdown-content"> <ul> <li><span class="dropdown-make">Make</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="39670" data-customdropdownvalue="aiways">Aiways</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="24390" data-customdropdownvalue="aixam">Aixam</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7276" data-customdropdownvalue="alfa romeo">Alfa Romeo</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="53970" data-customdropdownvalue="alpine">Alpine</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7277" data-customdropdownvalue="audi">Audi</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="24397" data-customdropdownvalue="bajaj">Bajaj</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7278" data-customdropdownvalue="bmw">BMW</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="46633" data-customdropdownvalue="byd">BYD</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="24371" data-customdropdownvalue="chatenet">Chatenet</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="47163" data-customdropdownvalue="chery">CHERY</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7279" data-customdropdownvalue="chevrolet">Chevrolet</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7280" data-customdropdownvalue="chrysler">Chrysler</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7281" data-customdropdownvalue="citroën">Citroën</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="24403" data-customdropdownvalue="club car">Club Car</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="42179" data-customdropdownvalue="cupra">Cupra</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7282" data-customdropdownvalue="dacia">Dacia</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="8760" data-customdropdownvalue="daewoo">Daewoo</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="8763" data-customdropdownvalue="daihatsu">Daihatsu</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="53404" data-customdropdownvalue="deepal">Deepal</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="8766" data-customdropdownvalue="dodge">Dodge</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="28747" data-customdropdownvalue="ds">DS</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="54005" data-customdropdownvalue="farizon">Farizon</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7283" data-customdropdownvalue="fiat">FIAT</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7284" data-customdropdownvalue="ford">Ford</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7285" data-customdropdownvalue="geely emgrand">Geely Emgrand</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="42745" data-customdropdownvalue="genesis">Genesis</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="50968" data-customdropdownvalue="gwm">GWM</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7286" data-customdropdownvalue="honda">Honda</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="54306" data-customdropdownvalue="hongqi">Hongqi</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7287" data-customdropdownvalue="hyundai">Hyundai</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7288" data-customdropdownvalue="infiniti">Infiniti</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7289" data-customdropdownvalue="isuzu">Isuzu</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="41890" data-customdropdownvalue="iveco">Iveco</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7290" data-customdropdownvalue="jaguar">Jaguar</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7291" data-customdropdownvalue="jeep">Jeep</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7292" data-customdropdownvalue="kia">Kia</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7293" data-customdropdownvalue="lancia">Lancia</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7294" data-customdropdownvalue="land rover">Land Rover</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7295" data-customdropdownvalue="landwind">Landwind</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="53423" data-customdropdownvalue="leapmotor">Leapmotor</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="49470" data-customdropdownvalue="levc">LEVC</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7296" data-customdropdownvalue="lexus">Lexus</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="24392" data-customdropdownvalue="ligier">Ligier</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="48411" data-customdropdownvalue="lucid">Lucid</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="43496" data-customdropdownvalue="lynk & co">Lynk & Co</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7297" data-customdropdownvalue="maserati">Maserati</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="48608" data-customdropdownvalue="maxus">Maxus</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7298" data-customdropdownvalue="mazda">Mazda</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7299" data-customdropdownvalue="mercedes-benz">Mercedes-Benz</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7300" data-customdropdownvalue="mg">MG</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="24481" data-customdropdownvalue="microcar">Microcar</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7301" data-customdropdownvalue="mini">MINI</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7302" data-customdropdownvalue="mitsubishi">Mitsubishi</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="47196" data-customdropdownvalue="mobilize">Mobilize</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="43459" data-customdropdownvalue="nio">NIO</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7303" data-customdropdownvalue="nissan">Nissan</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7304" data-customdropdownvalue="opel/vauxhall">Opel/Vauxhall</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="46579" data-customdropdownvalue="ora">ORA</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7305" data-customdropdownvalue="peugeot">Peugeot</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="42205" data-customdropdownvalue="polestar">Polestar</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7306" data-customdropdownvalue="porsche">Porsche</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="8827" data-customdropdownvalue="proton">Proton</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7307" data-customdropdownvalue="qoros">Qoros</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7308" data-customdropdownvalue="renault">Renault</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="8834" data-customdropdownvalue="rover">Rover</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7309" data-customdropdownvalue="saab">Saab</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7310" data-customdropdownvalue="seat">SEAT</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7311" data-customdropdownvalue="skoda">Skoda</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7312" data-customdropdownvalue="smart">smart</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="25618" data-customdropdownvalue="ssangyong">SsangYong</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7313" data-customdropdownvalue="subaru">Subaru</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7314" data-customdropdownvalue="suzuki">Suzuki</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="24482" data-customdropdownvalue="tazzari">Tazzari</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7315" data-customdropdownvalue="tesla">Tesla</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7316" data-customdropdownvalue="toyota">Toyota</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="50184" data-customdropdownvalue="vinfast">VinFast</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7317" data-customdropdownvalue="volvo">Volvo</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7318" data-customdropdownvalue="vw">VW</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="46582" data-customdropdownvalue="wey">WEY</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="50015" data-customdropdownvalue="xpeng">XPENG</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="51437" data-customdropdownvalue="zeekr">ZEEKR</span></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="model dropdown"> <input type="hidden" id="model-original-value-id" value="Model" /> <input type="hidden" id="selected-model-id" class="selected-model-id" /> <select class="hidden"> </select> <select class="transparent smartphone-visible"> <option value="">Model</option> </select> <div class="dropdown-button muted"> <span class="sidebar-dropdown-text selected-model" id="selected-model"> Model </span> </div> <div class="dropdown-content"> <ul class="car-models"> <li><span class="dropdown-model">Model</span></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="submit"> <a href="#" class="make-model-button">Submit</a> </div> <div class="clear-fix"></div> </div> <div class="header"><span>OR</span></div> <div class="choose-class"> <div class="class dropdown"> <input type="hidden" id="selected-class-id" /> <select class="transparent smartphone-visible"> <option value="">Class</option> <option value="1204">Business and Family Van</option> <option value="1196">Executive Car</option> <option value="1201">Large Family Car</option> <option value="1198">Large MPV</option> <option value="1197">Large SUV</option> <option value="1180">Pickup Truck</option> <option value="1205">Roadster Sport</option> <option value="1199">Small Family Car</option> <option value="1203">Small MPV</option> <option value="1179">Small SUV</option> <option value="1202">City and Supermini</option> </select> <div class="dropdown-button"><span class="sidebar-dropdown-text" id="selected-class">Class</span></div> <div class="dropdown-content"> <ul> <li><span class="dropdown-class">Class</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-class" data-value="1204" data-customdropdownvalue="business and family van">Business and Family Van</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-class" data-value="1196" data-customdropdownvalue="executive car">Executive Car</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-class" data-value="1201" data-customdropdownvalue="large family car">Large Family Car</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-class" data-value="1198" data-customdropdownvalue="large mpv">Large MPV</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-class" 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id="selected-make-id" class="selected-make-id" /> <select class="transparent smartphone-visible"> <option value="">Make</option> <option value="39670">Aiways</option> <option value="24390">Aixam</option> <option value="7276">Alfa Romeo</option> <option value="53970">Alpine</option> <option value="7277">Audi</option> <option value="24397">Bajaj</option> <option value="7278">BMW</option> <option value="46633">BYD</option> <option value="24371">Chatenet</option> <option value="47163">CHERY</option> <option value="7279">Chevrolet</option> <option value="7280">Chrysler</option> <option value="7281">Citroën</option> <option value="24403">Club Car</option> <option value="42179">Cupra</option> <option value="7282">Dacia</option> <option value="8760">Daewoo</option> <option value="8763">Daihatsu</option> <option value="53404">Deepal</option> <option value="8766">Dodge</option> <option value="28747">DS</option> <option value="54005">Farizon</option> <option value="7283">FIAT</option> <option value="7284">Ford</option> <option value="7285">Geely Emgrand</option> <option value="42745">Genesis</option> <option value="50968">GWM</option> <option value="7286">Honda</option> <option value="54306">Hongqi</option> <option value="7287">Hyundai</option> <option value="7288">Infiniti</option> <option value="7289">Isuzu</option> <option value="41890">Iveco</option> <option value="7290">Jaguar</option> <option value="7291">Jeep</option> <option value="7292">Kia</option> <option value="7293">Lancia</option> <option value="7294">Land Rover</option> <option value="7295">Landwind</option> <option value="53423">Leapmotor</option> <option value="49470">LEVC</option> <option value="7296">Lexus</option> <option value="24392">Ligier</option> <option value="48411">Lucid</option> <option value="43496">Lynk & Co</option> <option value="7297">Maserati</option> <option value="48608">Maxus</option> <option value="7298">Mazda</option> <option value="7299">Mercedes-Benz</option> <option value="7300">MG</option> <option value="24481">Microcar</option> <option value="7301">MINI</option> <option value="7302">Mitsubishi</option> <option value="47196">Mobilize</option> <option value="43459">NIO</option> <option value="7303">Nissan</option> <option value="7304">Opel/Vauxhall</option> <option value="46579">ORA</option> <option value="7305">Peugeot</option> <option value="42205">Polestar</option> <option value="7306">Porsche</option> <option value="8827">Proton</option> <option value="7307">Qoros</option> <option value="7308">Renault</option> <option value="8834">Rover</option> <option value="7309">Saab</option> <option value="7310">SEAT</option> <option value="7311">Skoda</option> <option value="7312">smart</option> <option value="25618">SsangYong</option> <option value="7313">Subaru</option> <option value="7314">Suzuki</option> <option value="24482">Tazzari</option> <option value="7315">Tesla</option> <option value="7316">Toyota</option> <option value="50184">VinFast</option> <option value="7317">Volvo</option> <option value="7318">VW</option> <option value="46582">WEY</option> <option value="50015">XPENG</option> <option value="51437">ZEEKR</option> </select> <div class="dropdown-button"> <span class="sidebar-dropdown-text selected-make" id="selected-make"> Make </span> </div> <div class="dropdown-content"> <ul> <li><span class="dropdown-make">Make</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="39670" data-customdropdownvalue="aiways">Aiways</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="24390" data-customdropdownvalue="aixam">Aixam</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7276" data-customdropdownvalue="alfa romeo">Alfa Romeo</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="53970" data-customdropdownvalue="alpine">Alpine</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7277" data-customdropdownvalue="audi">Audi</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="24397" data-customdropdownvalue="bajaj">Bajaj</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7278" data-customdropdownvalue="bmw">BMW</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="46633" data-customdropdownvalue="byd">BYD</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="24371" data-customdropdownvalue="chatenet">Chatenet</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="47163" data-customdropdownvalue="chery">CHERY</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7279" data-customdropdownvalue="chevrolet">Chevrolet</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7280" data-customdropdownvalue="chrysler">Chrysler</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7281" data-customdropdownvalue="citroën">Citroën</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="24403" data-customdropdownvalue="club car">Club Car</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="42179" data-customdropdownvalue="cupra">Cupra</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7282" data-customdropdownvalue="dacia">Dacia</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="8760" data-customdropdownvalue="daewoo">Daewoo</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="8763" data-customdropdownvalue="daihatsu">Daihatsu</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="53404" data-customdropdownvalue="deepal">Deepal</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="8766" data-customdropdownvalue="dodge">Dodge</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="28747" data-customdropdownvalue="ds">DS</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="54005" data-customdropdownvalue="farizon">Farizon</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7283" data-customdropdownvalue="fiat">FIAT</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7284" data-customdropdownvalue="ford">Ford</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7285" data-customdropdownvalue="geely emgrand">Geely Emgrand</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="42745" data-customdropdownvalue="genesis">Genesis</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="50968" data-customdropdownvalue="gwm">GWM</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7286" data-customdropdownvalue="honda">Honda</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="54306" data-customdropdownvalue="hongqi">Hongqi</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7287" data-customdropdownvalue="hyundai">Hyundai</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7288" data-customdropdownvalue="infiniti">Infiniti</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7289" data-customdropdownvalue="isuzu">Isuzu</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="41890" data-customdropdownvalue="iveco">Iveco</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7290" data-customdropdownvalue="jaguar">Jaguar</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7291" data-customdropdownvalue="jeep">Jeep</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7292" data-customdropdownvalue="kia">Kia</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7293" data-customdropdownvalue="lancia">Lancia</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7294" data-customdropdownvalue="land rover">Land Rover</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7295" data-customdropdownvalue="landwind">Landwind</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="53423" data-customdropdownvalue="leapmotor">Leapmotor</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="49470" data-customdropdownvalue="levc">LEVC</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7296" data-customdropdownvalue="lexus">Lexus</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="24392" data-customdropdownvalue="ligier">Ligier</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="48411" data-customdropdownvalue="lucid">Lucid</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="43496" data-customdropdownvalue="lynk & co">Lynk & Co</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7297" data-customdropdownvalue="maserati">Maserati</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="48608" data-customdropdownvalue="maxus">Maxus</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7298" data-customdropdownvalue="mazda">Mazda</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7299" data-customdropdownvalue="mercedes-benz">Mercedes-Benz</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7300" data-customdropdownvalue="mg">MG</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="24481" data-customdropdownvalue="microcar">Microcar</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7301" data-customdropdownvalue="mini">MINI</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7302" data-customdropdownvalue="mitsubishi">Mitsubishi</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="47196" data-customdropdownvalue="mobilize">Mobilize</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="43459" data-customdropdownvalue="nio">NIO</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7303" data-customdropdownvalue="nissan">Nissan</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7304" data-customdropdownvalue="opel/vauxhall">Opel/Vauxhall</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="46579" data-customdropdownvalue="ora">ORA</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7305" data-customdropdownvalue="peugeot">Peugeot</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="42205" data-customdropdownvalue="polestar">Polestar</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7306" data-customdropdownvalue="porsche">Porsche</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="8827" data-customdropdownvalue="proton">Proton</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7307" data-customdropdownvalue="qoros">Qoros</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7308" data-customdropdownvalue="renault">Renault</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="8834" data-customdropdownvalue="rover">Rover</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7309" data-customdropdownvalue="saab">Saab</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7310" data-customdropdownvalue="seat">SEAT</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7311" data-customdropdownvalue="skoda">Skoda</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7312" data-customdropdownvalue="smart">smart</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="25618" data-customdropdownvalue="ssangyong">SsangYong</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7313" data-customdropdownvalue="subaru">Subaru</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7314" data-customdropdownvalue="suzuki">Suzuki</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="24482" data-customdropdownvalue="tazzari">Tazzari</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7315" data-customdropdownvalue="tesla">Tesla</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7316" data-customdropdownvalue="toyota">Toyota</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="50184" data-customdropdownvalue="vinfast">VinFast</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7317" data-customdropdownvalue="volvo">Volvo</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="7318" data-customdropdownvalue="vw">VW</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="46582" data-customdropdownvalue="wey">WEY</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="50015" data-customdropdownvalue="xpeng">XPENG</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-make" data-value="51437" data-customdropdownvalue="zeekr">ZEEKR</span></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="model dropdown"> <input type="hidden" id="model-original-value-id" value="Model" /> <input type="hidden" id="selected-model-id" class="selected-model-id" /> <select class="hidden"> </select> <select class="transparent smartphone-visible"> <option value="">Model</option> </select> <div class="dropdown-button muted"> <span class="sidebar-dropdown-text selected-model" id="selected-model"> Model </span> </div> <div class="dropdown-content"> <ul class="car-models"> <li><span class="dropdown-model">Model</span></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="submit"> <a href="#" class="make-model-button">Submit</a> </div> <div class="clear-fix"></div> </div> <div class="header"><span>OR</span></div> <div class="choose-class"> <div class="class dropdown"> <input type="hidden" id="selected-class-id" /> <select class="transparent smartphone-visible"> <option value="">Class</option> <option value="1204">Business and Family Van</option> <option value="1196">Executive Car</option> <option value="1201">Large Family Car</option> <option value="1198">Large MPV</option> <option value="1197">Large SUV</option> <option value="1180">Pickup Truck</option> <option value="1205">Roadster Sport</option> <option value="1199">Small Family Car</option> <option value="1203">Small MPV</option> <option value="1179">Small SUV</option> <option value="1202">City and Supermini</option> </select> <div class="dropdown-button"><span class="sidebar-dropdown-text" id="selected-class">Class</span></div> <div class="dropdown-content"> <ul> <li><span class="dropdown-class">Class</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-class" data-value="1204" data-customdropdownvalue="business and family van">Business and Family Van</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-class" data-value="1196" data-customdropdownvalue="executive car">Executive Car</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-class" data-value="1201" data-customdropdownvalue="large family car">Large Family Car</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-class" data-value="1198" data-customdropdownvalue="large mpv">Large MPV</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-class" data-value="1197" data-customdropdownvalue="large suv">Large SUV</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-class" data-value="1180" data-customdropdownvalue="pickup truck">Pickup Truck</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-class" data-value="1205" data-customdropdownvalue="roadster sport">Roadster Sport</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-class" data-value="1199" data-customdropdownvalue="small family car">Small Family Car</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-class" data-value="1203" data-customdropdownvalue="small mpv">Small MPV</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-class" data-value="1179" data-customdropdownvalue="small suv">Small SUV</span></li> <li><span class="dropdown-class" data-value="1202" data-customdropdownvalue="city and supermini">City and Supermini</span></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="submit"> <a href="#" class="class-button">Submit</a> </div> </div> <div class="header"><span>OR</span></div> <a href="/en/ratings-rewards/latest-safety-ratings/" class="button readmore-btn-common w-1-1" id="search-button">All results & rewards<i></i></a> </div> </aside> </div>   <div class="col2"> <div class="box white styledLinks"> <h1>Technical Papers</h1> <table border="0" width="801" height="93"> <thead> <tr> <td>EURO NCAP PUBLICATIONS</td> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p><strong><a rel="noopener" data-udi="umb://media/4e3e36f1a68a4157ae56a8d35cb383ac" href="/media/79890/euro-ncap-rating-review-2023.pdf" target="_blank" title="Euro NCAP Rating Review 2023">Rating Review 2023</a> <img data-src="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/1522/icon_new_rgb.jpg?width=25px&height=25px" alt="NEW" width="25" height="25" rel="4222" /></strong><br />December 2023</p> <p><a rel="noopener" data-udi="umb://media/565b6d9cffcb4d1aba0c712f1d1e1bd9" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/58242/euro-ncap-rating-review-2018-version-12-with-appendices.pdf" target="_blank" title="Euro NCAP Rating Review 2018 - Version 1.2 - with Appendices.pdf"><strong>Rating Review 2018</strong></a><span> v1.2</span><br /><span>update June 2020</span></p> <p><strong><strong><a rel="noopener" data-udi="umb://media/8a286484c6c844939ce67430173eacd2" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/74468/euro-ncap-roadmap-vision-2030.pdf" target="_blank" title="Euro NCAP-Vision 2030.pdf">Euro NCAP 2030 Roadmap</a><br /></strong></strong>November 2022</p> <p><a rel="noopener" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/41777/ratings-group-report-2018-version-11-with-appendices.201811121629591429.pdf" target="_blank" title="Euro NCAP Rating Review 2018 - Report from the Ratings Group"><strong>Rating Review 2018</strong></a><span> v1.1</span><br /><span>November 2018</span></p> <p><strong><strong><a rel="noopener" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/16470/ratings-group-report-2015-version-10-with-appendix.pdf" target="_blank" title="Ratings Group Report 2015 - Version 1.0 - with Appendix.pdf">Rating Review 2015</a> </strong><br /></strong>March 2015<strong> </strong></p> <p><strong><strong><a rel="noopener" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/1380/ratings-group-report-version-2-2-july-2013-with-appendix-0-bb4a92bf-b272-4861-975f-03ff3f2f7f28.pdf" target="_blank" title="Euro NCAP Rating Review Version-2-2-"><strong>Rating Review 2013</strong></a> </strong></strong>v2.2 (with appendix)<br />July 2013</p> <p><strong><a rel="noopener" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/30700/euroncap-roadmap-2025-v4.pdf" target="_blank" title="Euro NCAP 2025 PDF Road Map">Euro NCAP 2025 Roadmap</a> (<a rel="noopener" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/30701/euroncap-roadmap-2025-v4-print.pdf" target="_blank" title="Euro NCAP Printable PDF 2025 Road Map">printer-friendly version</a>)<br /></strong>September 2017</p> <p><strong><a href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/16472/euro-ncap-2020-roadmap-rev1-march-2015.pdf" title="Euro NCAP 2020 Roadmap - Rev1 - March 2015.pdf (1)">Euro NCAP 2020 Roadmap</a> </strong>Revision 1<br />March 2015</p> <p><strong><a rel="noopener" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/1385/euro-ncap-moving-forward-strategic-roadmap-2010-2015-december-2009-0-0107f3c0-5f99-4e32-a6c6-c1e5be97aa84.pdf" target="_blank" title="Euro-NCAP---Moving-Forward---Strategic-Roadmap-2010-2015"><strong>Euro NCAP 2010-2015 Strategic Roadmap</strong></a><br /></strong>December 2009</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <table border="0" width="796" height="23"> <thead> <tr> <td>CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS </td> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p><a rel="noopener" data-udi="umb://media/c260c0de894f4e30bd954ff81e130119" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/77176/27esv-000312.pdf" target="_blank" title="Euro NCAP Mobile Progressive Deformable Barrier Testing - ESV 2023"><strong>Euro NCAP Mobile Progressive Deformable Barrier Testing</strong></a><br />ESV 2023</p> <p><a rel="noopener" data-udi="umb://media/84f35f2a70254ac298a09aadd3a437ae" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/77175/27esv-000298.pdf" target="_blank" title="Developing a Consumer Safety Rating for Vans - ESV 2023"><strong>Developing a Consumer Safety Rating for Vans</strong></a><br />ESV 2023</p> <p><a rel="noopener" data-udi="umb://media/728551c0bdb04d7192214d960fc16927" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/77182/27esv-000289.pdf" target="_blank" title="Development of a Direct Driver Status Monitoring Assessment Scheme"><strong>Development of a Direct Driver Status Monitoring Assessment Scheme</strong></a><br />ESV 2023</p> <p><a rel="noopener" data-udi="umb://media/e05b6c6bcc374cd3b140ffbabd181593" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/77181/27esv-000286.pdf" target="_blank" title="Euro NCAP’s Current and Future In-Cabin Monitoring Systems Assessment - ESV 2023"><strong>Euro NCAP’s Current and Future In-Cabin Monitoring Systems Assessment</strong></a><br />ESV 2023</p> <p><a rel="noopener" data-udi="umb://media/332288771ad344cbb076c28b061b0d14" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/77180/27esv-000284.pdf" target="_blank" title="Euro NCAP Virtual Testing - Crashworthiness - ESV 2023"><strong>Euro NCAP Virtual Testing - Crashworthiness</strong></a><br />ESV 2023</p> <p><a rel="noopener" data-udi="umb://media/d37414f895ae4737837cd7aa60727caa" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/77179/27esv-000274.pdf" target="_blank" title="Safety Grading Scheme for Highway Assisted Driving Technology - ESV"><strong>Safety Grading Scheme for Highway Assisted Driving Technology</strong></a><br />ESV 2023</p> <p><a rel="noopener" data-udi="umb://media/af781d85a0d142c18d96f088f8b67b6e" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/77178/27esv-000258.pdf" target="_blank" title="Euro NCAP Rescue – Tertiary Safety Assessment - ESV 2023"><strong>Euro NCAP Rescue – Tertiary Safety Assessment</strong></a><br />ESV 2023</p> <p><a rel="noopener" data-udi="umb://media/a69bd70b2d634bef88e12ff688a8f558" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/77177/27esv-000209.pdf" target="_blank" title="Euro NCAP’s First Step toward Rider Safety with New Car-to-Motorcyclist Scenarios - ESV"><strong>Euro NCAP’s First Step toward Rider Safety with New Car-to-Motorcyclist Scenarios</strong></a><br />ESV 2023</p> <p><a rel="noopener" data-udi="umb://media/c69cea32de534e62ac746d441aaf31ec" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/53186/developments-in-car-crash-safety-and-comparisons-between-results-from-euro-ncap-tests-and-real-world-crashes.pdf" target="_blank" title="Developments in Car Crash Safety and Comparisons Between Results From Euro NCAP Tests and Real-World Crashes.pdf"><strong>Developments in Car Crash Safety and Comparisons Between Results from Euro NCAP Tests and Real World Crashes</strong></a><br />ESV 2019</p> <p><a rel="noopener" data-udi="umb://media/7edc6b8cad9342f1bc776f616cb1ceba" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/53187/development-of-a-certification-procedure-for-numerical-pedestrian-models.pdf" target="_blank" title="Development of a Certification Procedure For Numerical Pedestrian Models.pdf"><strong>Development of a Certification Procedure for Numerical Pedestrian Models</strong></a><br />ESV 2019</p> <p><a rel="noopener" data-udi="umb://media/65afa48bf3c5472a873280a2c371fad0" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/53188/euro-ncap-s-first-step-towards-scenario-based-assessment-by-combining-aeb-and-aes.pdf" target="_blank" title="Euro NCAP’s first step towards scenario-based assessment by combining AEB and AES.pdf"><strong>Euro NCAP’s First Step Towards Scenario Based Assessment by Combining AEB and AES</strong></a><br />ESV 2019</p> <p><a rel="noopener" data-udi="umb://media/aee7347f691746c486d670e1a55f27c5" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/53189/19-0278-the-development-of-a-euro-ncap-far-side-occupant-test-and-assessment.pdf" target="_blank" title="19-0278 The Development of a Euro NCAP Far Side Occupant Test And Assessment.pdf"><strong>The Development of a Euro NCAP Far Side Occupant Test and Assessment Procedure</strong></a><br />ESV 2019</p> <p><a rel="noopener" data-udi="umb://media/47c88b3b66cd4fd7bd06e03b2a0f7ee5" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/53190/19-0279-consumer-initiatives-to-improve-child-safety-in-europe.pdf" target="_blank" title="19-0279 Consumer Initiatives to Improve Child Safety In Europe.pdf"><strong>Consumer Initiatives to Improve Child Safety in Europe</strong></a><br />ESV 2019</p> <p><a rel="noopener" data-udi="umb://media/7d254319c27f4cf2ba5d1e6baad11722" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/53191/euro-ncap-s-first-step-to-assess-automated-driving-systems.pdf" target="_blank" title="Euro NCAP’s first step to assess automated driving systems.pdf"><strong>Euro NCAP’s First Step to Assess Automated Driving Systems</strong></a><br />ESV 2019</p> <p><a rel="noopener" data-udi="umb://media/66c1d62d417b44ef9c5357f9ef200362" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/53192/development-of-a-procedure-to-compare-kinematics-of-human-body-models-for-pedestrian-klug.pdf" target="_blank" title="Development of a Procedure to Compare Kinematics of Human Body Models for Pedestrian - Klug.pdf"><strong>Development of a Procedure to Compare Kinematics of Human Body Models for Pedestrian Simulation</strong></a><br />IRCOBI 2017</p> <p><a rel="noopener" data-udi="umb://media/059425ba2c274512b31b834e1b693bd3" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/53193/25esv-000375.pdf" target="_blank" title="25ESV-000375.pdf"><strong>Child Occupant Protection in Rear Seats: An Example of CRS Development with Respect to Euro NCAP 2016 Protocol Requirements</strong></a><br />ESV 2017</p> <p><a rel="noopener" data-udi="umb://media/9f28345ffba949b4bab86ac839459db1" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/53194/25esv-000289.pdf" target="_blank" title="25ESV-000289.pdf"><strong>Emergency Lane Keeping (ELK) System Test Development</strong></a><br />ESV 2017</p> <p><a rel="noopener" data-udi="umb://media/d8bba7d92db44424831ec2f3b2583ae3" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/53195/25esv-000288.pdf" target="_blank" title="25ESV-000288.pdf"><strong>3D Car Target for Future Vehicle Testing</strong></a><br />ESV 2017</p> <p><a rel="noopener" data-udi="umb://media/5e6b64e595b0484e829a5595d14d228c" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/53196/25esv-000205.pdf" target="_blank" title="25ESV-000205.pdf"><strong>Euro NCAP Frontal Impact Working Group Report</strong></a><br />ESV 2017</p> <p><a rel="noopener" data-udi="umb://media/299a1bc8877d409f97b39c2f3baec393" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/53197/looking-ahead-the-next-steps-in-euro-ncap-s-safety-rating-program-van-ratingen.pdf" target="_blank" title="Looking Ahead The Next Steps in Euro NCAP´s Safety Rating Program - Van Ratingen.pdf"><strong>Looking Ahead the Next Steps in Euro NCAP´s Safety Rating Program</strong></a><br />Airbag 2016</p> <p><a rel="noopener" data-udi="umb://media/ab63be58e3f34bdfad0f12735c85ba5f" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/53198/the-development-of-a-consumer-test-procedure-for-pedestrian-sensitive-aeb-grover.pdf" target="_blank" title="The Development of a Consumer Test Procedure for Pedestrian Sensitive AEB - Grover.pdf"><strong>The Development of a Consumer Test Procedure for Pedestrian Sensitive AEB</strong></a><br />ESV 2015</p> <p><a rel="noopener" data-udi="umb://media/cacccaf8404240689b9e588507e66ddc" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/53199/technologies-for-the-prevention-of-run-off-road-and-low-overlap-head-on-collisions-grover.pdf" target="_blank" title="Technologies for the Prevention of Run off Road and Low Overlap Head-On Collisions - Grover.pdf"><strong>Technologies for the Prevention of Run off Road and Low Overlap Head-On Collisions</strong></a><br />ESV 2015</p> <p><a rel="noopener" data-udi="umb://media/9e5c0798af3b47a593b373f7d0b6ac83" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/53200/aeb-real-world-validation-using-uk-motor-insurance-claims-data-doyle.pdf" target="_blank" title="AEB real world validation using UK motor insurance claims data - Doyle.pdf"><strong>AEB Real World Validation using UK Motor Insurance Claims Data</strong></a><br />ESV 2015</p> <p><strong><a href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/17729/24esv-000258.pdf" title="24ESV-000258.pdf">Beyond Safety Legislation: Contribution of Consumer Information Programmes to Enhanced Injury Mitigation of Pedestrians during Accidents with Motor Vehicles</a></strong><br />ESV 2015</p> <p><strong><a rel="noopener" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/17731/24esv-000277.pdf" target="_blank" title="24ESV-000277.pdf">Euro NCAP’s First Step to Assess Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) for Vulnerable Road Users<br /></a> </strong>ESV 2015<strong><a rel="noopener" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/17731/24esv-000277.pdf" target="_blank" title="24ESV-000277.pdf"><br /></a></strong><strong><a rel="noopener" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/17732/24esv-000267.pdf" target="_blank" title="24ESV-000267.pdf"><br />Evaluation of the Euro NCAP Whiplash Protocol Using Real-World Crash Data<br /></a></strong>ESV 2015</p> <p><a rel="noopener" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/17730/24esv-000266.pdf" target="_blank" title="24ESV-000266.pdf"><strong>Validating Vehicle Safety Using Meta-Analysis: A New Approach to Evaluating Vehicle Safety Technologies</strong></a><br />ESV 2015</p> <p><a rel="noopener" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/17733/airbag2014-paper-euro-ncap-m-van-ratingen.pdf" target="_blank" title="Airbag2014 - Paper - Euro NCAP M van Ratingen.pdf"><strong>An Update on the Euro NCAP Safety Ratings Program</strong></a><br />Airbag 2014</p> <p><strong><a rel="noopener" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/1375/23esv-000308page1-0-3f5feddf-09ec-4066-ba89-064ea19356c7.pdf" target="_blank" title="Correlation between pedestrian injury severity in real-life crashes and Euro NCAP pedestrian test results">The Correlation between Pedestrian Injury Severity in Real-Life Crashes and Euro NCAP Pedestrian Test Results</a> </strong><br />ESV 2013</p> <p><strong><a href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/1379/advanced-eu-mobile-deformable-barrier-spef-for-use-in-euro-ncap-side-impact-test-feb-2013-0-17fc57a4-724a-4a08-8632-4b0bed92cf58.pdf" target="_top" title="Advanced-EU-mobile-deformable-barrier-spef-for-use-in-Euro-NCAP-side-impact-test">Advanced EU Mobile Deformable Barrier Specification for Use in Euro NCAP Side Impact Test</a> </strong><br />ESV 2013</p> <p><strong><a rel="noopener" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/1378/new-ncap-test-and-assessment-protocols-for-speed-assistance-systems-esv-2013-0-bc62bedc-5ccc-4df2-a65a-dd12b6f07a12.pdf" target="_blank" title="NEW-NCAP-TEST-AND-ASSESSMENT-PROTOCOLS-FOR-SPEED-ASSISTANCE-SYSTEMS">New NCAP Test and Assessment Protocols for Speed Assistance Systems, a First in Many Ways</a></strong><br />ESV 2013</p> <p><a rel="noopener" data-udi="umb://media/312e9d14866542ddb9ca53cb728e25ea" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/53815/evaluation-of-pedestrian-targets-for-use-in-aeb-testing-lemmen.pdf" target="_blank" title="Evaluation of Pedestrian Targets for Use in Automomous Emergengy Brake System Testing - a Report from the Harmonistion Platform 2 Dealing with Test Equipment"><strong>Evaluation of Pedestrian Targets for Use in Automomous Emergengy Brake System Testing - a Report from the Harmonistion Platform 2 Dealing with Test Equipment</strong></a><br />ESV 2013</p> <p><strong><a rel="noopener" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/1373/23esv-000269-0-5ef76a64-bea5-42c8-9752-e5ce54ed8e83.pdf" target="_blank" title="IMPLEMENTATION OF AUTONOMOUS EMERGENCY BRAKING (AEB), THE NEXT STEP IN EURO NCAP’S SAFETY ASSESSMENT">Implementation of AEB, The Next Step in Euro NCAP's Safety Assessment</a> </strong><br />ESV 2013</p> <p><strong><a rel="noopener" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/1377/development-of-a-test-target-for-aeb-systems-esv-2013-0-4e8e68e0-7487-4b23-a3d6-aac700080661.pdf" target="_blank" title="Development-of-a-Test-Target-for-AEB-Systems">Development of a Test Target for AEB Systems</a></strong><br />ESV 2013</p> <p><strong><a rel="noopener" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/1384/aeb-test-results-esv-2013-0-a837f165-3a9c-4a94-aefb-1171fbf21213.pdf" target="_blank" title="Autonomous Emergency Braking Test Results">Autonomous Emergency Braking Test Results</a></strong><br />ESV 2013</p> <p><a rel="noopener" data-udi="umb://media/9f96c4ec5f49435aa6a6827d47de7032" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/53816/a-proposal-for-rear-seat-head-restraint-geometric-ratings-avery.pdf" target="_blank" title="A Proposal for Rear Seat Head Restraint Geometric Ratings"><strong>A Proposal for Rear Seat Head Restraint Geometric Ratings</strong></a><br />ESV 2011</p> <p><strong><a rel="noopener" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/1381/pedestrian-injury-severity-in-real-life-crashes-0-8250ebef-d1bc-44c5-95a7-9c8f2bfd3c49.pdf" target="_blank" title="THE CORRELATION BETWEEN PEDESTRIAN INJURY SEVERITY IN REAL-LIFE CRASHES AND EURO NCAP PEDESTRIAN TEST RESULTS">The Correlation Between Pedestrian Injury Severity in Real-Life Crashes and Euro NCAP Pedestrian Test Results<br /></a></strong>ESV 2011</p> <p><strong><a rel="noopener" data-udi="umb://media/830432379e8c4d38b71599d071f24997" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/53817/typical-pedestrian-accident-scenarios-for-the-testing-of-autonomous-emergency-braking-systems-lenard.pdf" target="_blank" title="Typical Pedestrian Accident Scenarios for the Testing of Autonomous Emergency Braking Systems">Typical Pedestrian Accident Scenarios for the Testing of Autonomous Emergency Braking Systems</a></strong><br />ESV 2011</p> <p><a rel="noopener" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/1372/beyond-ncap-promoting-new-advancements-in-safety-0-92d2029e-0c15-4f7c-be5e-1c6a9704c0c2.pdf" target="_blank" title="Beyond-NCAP-Promoting-New-Advancements-in-Safety"><strong>Beyond NCAP: Promoting New Advancements in Safety</strong><br /></a>ESV 2011</p> <p><a rel="noopener" data-udi="umb://media/586b65116db8477da4584d8b4878b2a6" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/53818/autonomous-braking-systems-and-their-potential-effect-on-whiplash-injury-reduction-avery.pdf" target="_blank" title="Autonomous Braking Systems and their Potential Effect on Whiplash Injury Reduction"><strong>Autonomous Braking Systems and their Potential Effect on Whiplash Injury Reduction</strong></a><br />ESV 2009</p> <p><strong><strong><a rel="noopener" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/1382/paper_09-0231-0-155567f6-80a9-4d6d-91b6-e1ca2656b132.pdf" target="_blank" title="THE EURO NCAP WHIPLASH TEST">The Euro NCAP Whiplash Test<br /></a></strong></strong>ESV 2009</p> <p><a rel="noopener" data-udi="umb://media/ad4b6c3a27404ab0982574b6ecd786c5" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/53819/euro-ncap-whiplash-test-procedure-a-new-consumer-seat-rating-programme-avery.pdf" target="_blank" title="Euro NCAP Whiplash Test Procedure – A New Consumer Seat Rating Programme"><strong>Euro NCAP Whiplash Test Procedure – A New Consumer Seat Rating Programme</strong></a><br />International Conference on Whiplash: Neck Pain in Car Crashes 2008</p> <p><strong><a rel="noopener" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/1371/airbag-2008_paper_2008-128badb6-4f49-4456-a2b6-34eb3b4fa893.pdf" target="_blank" title="The Changing Outlook of Euro NCAP, Airbag">The Changing Outlook of Euro NCAP</a></strong><br />Airbag 2008</p> <p><a rel="noopener" data-udi="umb://media/fa03bf257330430096d49cea517f51af" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/53820/procedure-to-assess-submarining-in-frontal-impact-couturier.pdf" target="_blank" title="Procedure to Assess Submarining in Frontal Impact"><strong>Procedure to Assess Submarining in Frontal Impact</strong></a><br />ESV 2007</p> <p><a rel="noopener" data-udi="umb://media/7dd81942e2b444f1a9fc999eaeeb7a9a" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/53821/real-world-rear-impacts-reconstructed-in-sled-tests-linder.pdf" target="_blank" title="Real-World Rear Impacts Reconstructed in Sled Tests"><strong>Real-World Rear Impacts Reconstructed in Sled Tests</strong></a><br />IRCOBI 2004</p> <p><a rel="noopener" data-udi="umb://media/ae0de0d709244968bc61e623a861d366" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/53824/the-risk-of-whiplash-injury-in-the-rear-seat-compared-to-the-front-seat-in-rear-impacts-krafft.pdf" target="_blank" title="The Risk of Whiplash Injury in the Rear Seat Compared to the Front Seat in Rear Impacts"><strong>The Risk of Whiplash Injury in the Rear Seat Compared to the Front Seat in Rear Impacts</strong></a><br />IRCOBI 2002</p> <p><a rel="noopener" data-udi="umb://media/b7d7f22b02b3413ba95c159e65272386" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/53825/acceleration-pulses-and-crash-severity-in-low-velocity-rear-impacts-real-world-data-and-barrier-tests-linder.pdf" target="_blank" title="Acceleration Pulses and Crash Severity in Low Velocity Rear Impacts - Real-World Data and Barrier Tests"><strong>Acceleration Pulses and Crash Severity in Low Velocity Rear Impacts - Real-World Data and Barrier Tests</strong></a><br />ESV 2001</p> <p><strong><strong><a rel="noopener" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/1374/esv_paper_2001-57a2e10b-23a9-4ffb-88e5-a17b21f8923c.pdf" target="_blank" title="COMPARISON OF EURO NCAP TEST RESULTS WITH FOLKSAM CAR MODEL SAFETY RATINGS">Comparison of Euro NCAP Test Results with Folksam Car Model Safety Ratings</a></strong> <br /></strong>ESV 2001</p> <p><a rel="noopener" data-udi="umb://media/5414f69739094c53814fc06a1fc64170" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/53823/euroncap-views-and-suggestions-for-improvements-bendjellal.pdf" target="_blank" title="Euro NCAP - Views and Suggestions for Improvement"><strong>Euro NCAP - Views and Suggestions for Improvement</strong></a><br />ESV 2001</p> <p><strong><a rel="noopener" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/1387/development-of-euro-ncap-1998-0-7498ffa2-36b6-4328-8b6e-f44fe5d35563.pdf" target="_blank" title="Development of the European New Car Assessment Programme (Euro NCAP)"><strong>Development of the European New Car Assessment Programme (Euro NCAP)</strong></a> <br /></strong>ESV 1998</p> <p><a rel="noopener" data-udi="umb://media/cb80728c15dc4a138422d453752c7a26" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/53822/crashworthiness-testing-and-rating-from-the-consumer-perspective-tingvall.pdf" target="_blank" title="Crashworthiness Testing and Rating from the Consumer Perspective"><strong>Crashworthiness Testing and Rating from the Consumer Perspective</strong></a><br />ESV 1996</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <table border="0" width="799" height="64"> <thead> <tr> <td>SCIENTIFIC PAPERS</td> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p><strong><a rel="noopener" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2016.1230672" target="_blank" title="The effectiveness of lane departure warning systems—A reduction in real-world passenger car injury crashes">The Effectiveness of Lane Departure Warning Systems—a Reduction in Real-World Passenger Car Injury Crashes</a></strong>, Traffic Injury Prevention<br />2017</p> <p><a rel="noopener" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1008127516000110" target="_blank" title="Euro NCAP: A historical review"><strong><strong><strong>The European New Car Assessment Programme: A historical</strong></strong></strong> <strong>review</strong></a><br />2016</p> <p><a rel="noopener" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2015.03.029" target="_blank" title="Effectiveness of Low Speed Autonomous Emergency Braking in Real-World Rear-End Crashes"><strong>Effectiveness of Low Speed Autonomous Emergency Braking in Real-World Rear-End Crashes</strong></a>, Accident Analysis and Prevention<br />2015</p> <p><span><a rel="noopener" href="https://acrs.org.au/wp-content/uploads/NCAPASEAN-NCAP-Euro-NCAP.pdf#page=9" target="_blank" title="The European New Car Assessment Programme" data-anchor="#page=9"><strong>The European New Car Assessment Programme</strong></a></span>, Journal of the Australasian College of Road Safety<br />2014</p> <p><span><a rel="noopener" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/15389580802149690" target="_blank"><strong>Intelligent Seat Belt Reminders — Do They Change Driver Seat Belt Use in Europe?</strong></a></span>, Traffic Injury Prevention<br />2008</p> <p><span><a rel="noopener" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/1386/sarac_report_2006-c69a85cf-3aaf-44c7-8ed3-f1a8d3d9f414.pdf" target="_blank" title="How Do Euro NCAP Results Correlate with Real-Life Injury Risks? A Paired Comparison Study of Car-to-Car Crashes"><strong>Quality Criteria for the Safety Assessment of Cars Based on Real-World Crashes</strong></a></span>, SARAC Report<br />2006</p> <p><span><a rel="noopener" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/15389580500346838" target="_blank" title="The effectiveness of electronic stability control (ESC) in reducing real life crashes and injuries"><strong>The effectiveness of electronic stability control (ESC) in reducing real life crashes and injuries</strong></a><span>, Traffic Injury Prevention<br />2006</span></span></p> <p><strong><strong><a rel="noopener" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/1383/tip_paper_2002-ea163391-0c67-4ad8-ae24-a176e39352f8.pdf" target="_blank" title="How Do Euro NCAP Results Correlate with Real-Life Injury Risks? A Paired Comparison Study of Car-to-Car Crashes"><strong>How do Euro NCAP Results Correlate to Real Life Injury Risks - a Paired Comparison Study of Car-To-Car Crashes</strong></a></strong></strong>, Traffic Injury Prevention<strong><strong><br /></strong></strong>2002</p> <p><strong><strong><strong><a rel="noopener" href="https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/1370/aap_paper_2001-b29dd290-be54-4d24-a551-b5478daac3d0.pdf" target="_blank" title="The benefits of improved car secondary safety">The Benefits of Improved Car Secondary Safety</a></strong></strong></strong>, Accident Analysis & Prevention<br />2001</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> </div>  </div>  </div> </div>   <div id="subscribe-newsletter"> <div class="main-container"> <h2>Subscribe for our latest news</h2> <div id="subscribe-newsletter-form"> <form id="NewsletterForm" name="fpren" onsubmit="return ValidateForm()" action="https://newsletter.paloma.se//register/" method="get"> <input type="hidden" name="distlistkey" value="20702" /> <input type="hidden" name="gora" value="pren" /> <input type="hidden" name="tacksida" value="https://www.euroncap.com/en/for-engineers/technical-papers/" /> <input type="hidden" name="ignorethankspageavailabilitycheck" value="0" /> <input type="hidden" name="termsguid" value="605d783b-d687-4ba4-b8b5-77757d28a8dc" /> <input type="text" name="email" id="newsletterEmail" placeholder="Your email" /> <button id="newsletterValidateEmail" class="more more-trigger" modalTitle="Thank you for subscribing.">OK</button> <div class="about-modal" style="display: none;"> <div style="position: absolute; 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let title = container.find(".title").html(); let content = container.find(".content").html(); let firstCountdown = container.find(".first-countdown").html(); // in seconds let subsequentCountdowns = container.find(".subsequent-countdowns").html(); // in minutes let startTimeStorageKey = 'startTime'; let dialogTimeShownStorageKey = 'dialogTimeShown'; if (!localStorage.getItem(startTimeStorageKey)) { localStorage.setItem(startTimeStorageKey, Date.now()); } // Function to calculate the time spent on the page function logTimeSpent() { const startTime = localStorage.getItem(startTimeStorageKey); if (startTime) { const currentTime = Date.now(); const timeSpent = Math.floor((currentTime - startTime) / 1000); // Time spent in seconds const dialogShown = localStorage.getItem(dialogTimeShownStorageKey); if (timeSpent >= firstCountdown && (!dialogShown || (currentTime - dialogShown > subsequentCountdowns * 60 * 1000))) { // Store the current timestamp in sessionStorage when the dialog is shown localStorage.setItem(dialogTimeShownStorageKey, currentTime.toString()); $("#topplayer-title").html(title); $("#topplayer-content").html(content); $('.toplayer-overlay').fadeIn('fast'); $('.toplayer-container').fadeIn('fast'); } } } // Log time every 5 seconds for demonstration (you can adjust this interval) setInterval(logTimeSpent, 5000); } }); </script> <div id="cookiesDirectives" data-privacy-policy-uri="/en/contact/conditions-of-use/" data-implied-disclosure-text=" By using our website you agree to our cookie policy. 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