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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Highlights of Mosan art</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Highlights_of_Mosan_art-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Highlights of Mosan art subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Highlights_of_Mosan_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stone_carving" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stone_carving"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Stone carving</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stone_carving-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metalwork" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metalwork"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Metalwork</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metalwork-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Painting,_illumination_and_other_works_of_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Painting,_illumination_and_other_works_of_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Painting, illumination and other works of art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Painting,_illumination_and_other_works_of_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Мааская школа – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мааская школа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maasl%C3%A4ndische_Kunst" title="Maasländische Kunst – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Maasländische Kunst" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte_mosano" title="Arte mosano – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Arte mosano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_mosan" title="Art mosan – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Art mosan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seni_rupa_Mosan" title="Seni rupa Mosan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Seni rupa Mosan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte_mosana" title="Arte mosana – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Arte mosana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maaslandse_keuns" title="Maaslandse keuns – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Maaslandse keuns" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maaslandse_kunst" title="Maaslandse kunst – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Maaslandse kunst" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosankunst" title="Mosankunst – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mosankunst" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Маасская школа – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Маасская школа" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozanska_umetnost" title="Mozanska umetnost – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mozanska umetnost" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="ศิลปะโมซัน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ศิลปะโมซัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Мааська школа – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мааська школа" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1882338#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> 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class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/MaastrichtOLV11.jpg/220px-MaastrichtOLV11.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/MaastrichtOLV11.jpg/330px-MaastrichtOLV11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/MaastrichtOLV11.jpg/440px-MaastrichtOLV11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="397" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Maastricht" title="Maastricht">Maastricht</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Our_Lady_(Maastricht)" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of Our Lady (Maastricht)">Basilica of Our Lady</a>. East choir with carved capitals (12th century)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%89cole_mosane_-_Tympan_d%27Apollon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/%C3%89cole_mosane_-_Tympan_d%27Apollon.jpg/220px-%C3%89cole_mosane_-_Tympan_d%27Apollon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/%C3%89cole_mosane_-_Tympan_d%27Apollon.jpg/330px-%C3%89cole_mosane_-_Tympan_d%27Apollon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/%C3%89cole_mosane_-_Tympan_d%27Apollon.jpg/440px-%C3%89cole_mosane_-_Tympan_d%27Apollon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3013" data-file-height="1522" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Curtius_Museum" title="Curtius Museum">Curtius Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge" title="Liège">Liège</a>. <i>Pierre Boudon</i> or <i>Apollo relief</i> (12th century)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Renier_de_Huy_JPG01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Renier_de_Huy_JPG01.jpg/220px-Renier_de_Huy_JPG01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Renier_de_Huy_JPG01.jpg/330px-Renier_de_Huy_JPG01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Renier_de_Huy_JPG01.jpg/440px-Renier_de_Huy_JPG01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2496" data-file-height="1664" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge" title="Liège">Liège</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_Bartholomew%27s_Church,_Li%C3%A8ge" class="mw-redirect" title="St Bartholomew's Church, Liège">St Bartholomew's Church</a>. <a href="/wiki/Baptismal_font_at_St_Bartholomew%27s_Church,_Li%C3%A8ge" title="Baptismal font at St Bartholomew's Church, Liège">Baptismal font</a> by <a href="/wiki/Renier_de_Huy" title="Renier de Huy">Renier de Huy</a> (detail)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sint_Odili%C3%ABnberg_Basilika2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Sint_Odili%C3%ABnberg_Basilika2.JPG/220px-Sint_Odili%C3%ABnberg_Basilika2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Sint_Odili%C3%ABnberg_Basilika2.JPG/330px-Sint_Odili%C3%ABnberg_Basilika2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Sint_Odili%C3%ABnberg_Basilika2.JPG/440px-Sint_Odili%C3%ABnberg_Basilika2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sint_Odili%C3%ABnberg" title="Sint Odiliënberg">Sint Odiliënberg</a>. Basilica of Saint Wiro, Plechelmus and Otgerus</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Mosan art</b> is a regional style of art from the valley of the <a href="/wiki/Meuse" title="Meuse">Meuse</a> in present-day <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>. Although in a broader sense the term applies to art from this region from all periods, it generally refers to <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_art" title="Romanesque art">Romanesque art</a>, with Mosan <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_architecture" title="Romanesque architecture">Romanesque architecture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stone_carving" title="Stone carving">stone carving</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metalsmith" title="Metalsmith">metalwork</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitreous_enamel" title="Vitreous enamel">enamelling</a> and <a href="/wiki/Illuminated_manuscript" title="Illuminated manuscript">manuscript illumination</a> reaching a high level of development during the 11th, 12th and 13th centuries. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Meuse" title="Meuse">Meuse</a> river valley lay in the heart of the earlier <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_Empire" title="Carolingian Empire">Carolingian Empire</a> and therefore the style draws largely from the heritage of the <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_art" title="Carolingian art">Carolingian art</a> tradition. Thus, Mosan art contains strong classical elements, which separates it from the international Romanesque style seen elsewhere during the period, for example in France,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Germany<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spain and Italy. However, it shares with mainstream Romanesque art elements such as the treatment of space. Although the <a href="/wiki/Iconography" title="Iconography">iconography</a> of 11th- and 12th-century Meuse valley art largely draws on <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Biblical</a> inspiration, some of the elaborately carved capitals in the two main churches in <a href="/wiki/Maastricht" title="Maastricht">Maastricht</a> depict scenes from many aspects of daily life, as well as images from an intriguing world of fantasy. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geographical_spread">Geographical spread</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mosan_art&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geographical spread"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Mosan region was formed largely by the boundary of the <a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_Li%C3%A8ge" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishopric of Liège">Bishopric of Liège</a>, which had strong political links to the emperors of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>, as well as to the bishops of <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Cologne" title="Electorate of Cologne">Cologne</a>. The region's main artistic centres were the cities of <a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge" title="Liège">Liège</a>, <a href="/wiki/Huy" title="Huy">Huy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dinant" title="Dinant">Dinant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Namur_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Namur (city)">Namur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tongeren" title="Tongeren">Tongeren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maastricht" title="Maastricht">Maastricht</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roermond" title="Roermond">Roermond</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a>, as well as a number of important monasteries: <a href="/wiki/Sint-Truiden" title="Sint-Truiden">Sint-Truiden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Anne,_Aldeneik" title="Church of Saint Anne, Aldeneik">Aldeneik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herkenrode_Abbey" title="Herkenrode Abbey">Herkenrode</a>, <a href="/wiki/Averbode_Abbey" title="Averbode Abbey">Averbode</a>, <a href="/wiki/Munsterbilzen_Abbey" title="Munsterbilzen Abbey">Munsterbilzen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Susteren_Abbey" title="Susteren Abbey">Susteren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sint_Odili%C3%ABnberg" title="Sint Odiliënberg">Sint Odiliënberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rolduc" title="Rolduc">Rolduc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burtscheid_Abbey" title="Burtscheid Abbey">Burtscheid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kornelim%C3%BCnster_Abbey" title="Kornelimünster Abbey">Kornelimünster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stavelot" title="Stavelot">Stavelot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Collegiate_Church_of_Saint_Gertrude" class="mw-redirect" title="Collegiate Church of Saint Gertrude">Nivelles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aulne_Abbey" title="Aulne Abbey">Aulne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Floreffe_Abbey" title="Floreffe Abbey">Floreffe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%B4ne_Abbey" title="Flône Abbey">Flône</a>, <a href="/wiki/Celles,_Houyet" title="Celles, Houyet">Celles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gembloux_Abbey" title="Gembloux Abbey">Gembloux</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lobbes_Abbey" title="Lobbes Abbey">Lobbes</a>. Mosan art at its peak had a strong influence on bordering regions, notably on <a href="/wiki/Rhineland" title="Rhineland">Rhineland</a> art (<a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Highlights_of_Mosan_art">Highlights of Mosan art</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mosan_art&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Highlights of Mosan art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mosan Romanesque art has been described by art historians as the first golden age of Netherlandish art (before <a href="/wiki/Early_Netherlandish_painting" title="Early Netherlandish painting">early Netherlandish painting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Golden_Age_painting" title="Dutch Golden Age painting">Dutch Golden Age painting</a>). Usually the term Mosan art does not include <a href="/wiki/Medieval_literature" title="Medieval literature">Medieval literature</a> although <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_von_Veldeke" title="Heinrich von Veldeke">Heinrich von Veldeke</a> may be considered the first poet writing in <a href="/wiki/Middle_Dutch" title="Middle Dutch">Middle Dutch</a> (as well as <a href="/wiki/Middle_High_German" title="Middle High German">Middle High German</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mosan_art&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mosan architecture can be seen as a distinctive branch in <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_architecture" title="Romanesque architecture">Romanesque architecture</a>, a regional style that produced imposing churches in Aachen, Liège and Maastricht, as well as monasteries in rural areas. The fully developed Mosan style of the 12th century is a comprise between the older Meuse valley traditions and foreign influences, mainly coming from the <a href="/wiki/Rhineland" title="Rhineland">Rhineland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>. An outstanding factor in Mosan architecture is the closed west front (<a href="/wiki/Westwerk" class="mw-redirect" title="Westwerk">westwerk</a>). Unfortunately, some of the largest churches, notably <a href="/wiki/St._Lambert%27s_Cathedral,_Li%C3%A8ge" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Lambert's Cathedral, Liège">Liège cathedral</a>, and the Stavelot and Sint-Truiden abbeys, were destroyed. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St_Bartholomew%27s_Church,_Li%C3%A8ge" class="mw-redirect" title="St Bartholomew's Church, Liège">Former collegiate church St Bartholomew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge" title="Liège">Liège</a></li> <li>Former collegiate <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St._Denis_(Li%C3%A8ge)" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of St. Denis (Liège)">church of St. Denis (Liège)</a></li> <li>Former collegiate church St John, Liège</li> <li>Former collegiate church of Our Lady, <a href="/wiki/Huy" title="Huy">Huy</a></li> <li>Former collegiate church Saint George and Saint Ode, <a href="/wiki/Amay" title="Amay">Amay</a></li> <li>Former collegiate church Saint Étienne, <a href="/wiki/Waha" title="Waha">Waha</a></li> <li>Former collegiate church of <a href="/wiki/Fosses-la-Ville" title="Fosses-la-Ville">Fosses-la-Ville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collegiate_Church_of_Saint_Gertrude" class="mw-redirect" title="Collegiate Church of Saint Gertrude">Former abbey church of Saint Gertrude</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nivelles" title="Nivelles">Nivelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobbes_Abbey" title="Lobbes Abbey">Former abbey church of Saint Ursmer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lobbes" title="Lobbes">Lobbes</a></li> <li>Former abbey church of <a href="/wiki/Celles,_Houyet" title="Celles, Houyet">Celles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint_Servatius" title="Basilica of Saint Servatius">Basilica of Saint Servatius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maastricht" title="Maastricht">Maastricht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Our_Lady_(Maastricht)" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of Our Lady (Maastricht)">Basilica of Our Lady</a>, Maastricht</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Anne,_Aldeneik" title="Church of Saint Anne, Aldeneik">Former abbey church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aldeneik" title="Aldeneik">Aldeneik</a></li> <li>Former abbey church, <a href="/wiki/Rolduc" title="Rolduc">Rolduc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susteren_Abbey" title="Susteren Abbey">Former abbey church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Susteren" title="Susteren">Susteren</a></li> <li>Former abbey church, <a href="/wiki/Sint_Odili%C3%ABnberg" title="Sint Odiliënberg">Sint Odiliënberg</a></li> <li>Munsterkerk, <a href="/wiki/Roermond" title="Roermond">Roermond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aachen_Cathedral" title="Aachen Cathedral">Aachen Cathedral</a> (westwork)</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 177.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 175.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eglise-liege-stbarthelemy-janvier2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Liège, St Bartholomew's"><img alt="Liège, St Bartholomew's" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Eglise-liege-stbarthelemy-janvier2006.jpg/263px-Eglise-liege-stbarthelemy-janvier2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="176" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Eglise-liege-stbarthelemy-janvier2006.jpg/394px-Eglise-liege-stbarthelemy-janvier2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Eglise-liege-stbarthelemy-janvier2006.jpg/525px-Eglise-liege-stbarthelemy-janvier2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="823" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge" title="Liège">Liège</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_Bartholomew%27s_Church,_Li%C3%A8ge" class="mw-redirect" title="St Bartholomew's Church, Liège">St Bartholomew's</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Denis_Li%C3%A8ge.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Liège, St Denis, westwork"><img alt="Liège, St Denis, westwork" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Saint_Denis_Li%C3%A8ge.jpg/135px-Saint_Denis_Li%C3%A8ge.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Saint_Denis_Li%C3%A8ge.jpg/202px-Saint_Denis_Li%C3%A8ge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Saint_Denis_Li%C3%A8ge.jpg/270px-Saint_Denis_Li%C3%A8ge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Liège, <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St._Denis_(Li%C3%A8ge)" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of St. Denis (Liège)">St Denis</a>, westwork</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:00_Celles_Houyet.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Celles, Saint Hadelin's"><img alt="Celles, Saint Hadelin's" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/00_Celles_Houyet.JPG/270px-00_Celles_Houyet.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/00_Celles_Houyet.JPG/405px-00_Celles_Houyet.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/00_Celles_Houyet.JPG/540px-00_Celles_Houyet.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2214" data-file-height="1476" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Celles,_Houyet" title="Celles, Houyet">Celles</a>, Saint Hadelin's</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Belgium,_Nijvel,_Main_Church.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Nivelles. Westwork abbey church"><img alt="Nivelles. Westwork abbey church" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Belgium%2C_Nijvel%2C_Main_Church.JPG/135px-Belgium%2C_Nijvel%2C_Main_Church.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Belgium%2C_Nijvel%2C_Main_Church.JPG/202px-Belgium%2C_Nijvel%2C_Main_Church.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Belgium%2C_Nijvel%2C_Main_Church.JPG/270px-Belgium%2C_Nijvel%2C_Main_Church.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Nivelles" title="Nivelles">Nivelles</a>. Westwork <a href="/wiki/Collegiate_Church_of_Saint_Gertrude" class="mw-redirect" title="Collegiate Church of Saint Gertrude">abbey church</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kerk_aldeneik2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aldeneik, Westwork"><img alt="Aldeneik, Westwork" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Kerk_aldeneik2.jpg/135px-Kerk_aldeneik2.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Kerk_aldeneik2.jpg/202px-Kerk_aldeneik2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Kerk_aldeneik2.jpg/270px-Kerk_aldeneik2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Anne,_Aldeneik" title="Church of Saint Anne, Aldeneik">Aldeneik</a>, Westwork</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 124px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 122px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maastricht_Sint-Servaasbasiliek_BW_2017-08-19_15-56-11_s.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maastricht, St Servatius, westwork"><img alt="Maastricht, St Servatius, westwork" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Maastricht_Sint-Servaasbasiliek_BW_2017-08-19_15-56-11_s.jpg/183px-Maastricht_Sint-Servaasbasiliek_BW_2017-08-19_15-56-11_s.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Maastricht_Sint-Servaasbasiliek_BW_2017-08-19_15-56-11_s.jpg/275px-Maastricht_Sint-Servaasbasiliek_BW_2017-08-19_15-56-11_s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Maastricht_Sint-Servaasbasiliek_BW_2017-08-19_15-56-11_s.jpg/366px-Maastricht_Sint-Servaasbasiliek_BW_2017-08-19_15-56-11_s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4114" data-file-height="4044" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Maastricht" title="Maastricht">Maastricht</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint_Servatius" title="Basilica of Saint Servatius">St Servatius</a>, westwork</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 96px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 94px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Apsis_Onze_Lieve_Vrouwkerk_Maastricht.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maastricht, Our Lady's, east front"><img alt="Maastricht, Our Lady's, east front" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Apsis_Onze_Lieve_Vrouwkerk_Maastricht.jpg/141px-Apsis_Onze_Lieve_Vrouwkerk_Maastricht.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Apsis_Onze_Lieve_Vrouwkerk_Maastricht.jpg/212px-Apsis_Onze_Lieve_Vrouwkerk_Maastricht.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Apsis_Onze_Lieve_Vrouwkerk_Maastricht.jpg/282px-Apsis_Onze_Lieve_Vrouwkerk_Maastricht.jpg 2x" data-file-width="972" data-file-height="1239" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Maastricht, <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Our_Lady_(Maastricht)" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of Our Lady (Maastricht)">Our Lady's</a>, east front</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 98px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 96px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Susteren,_Limburg,_basiliek_crop.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Susteren, Westwork"><img alt="Susteren, Westwork" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Susteren%2C_Limburg%2C_basiliek_crop.JPG/144px-Susteren%2C_Limburg%2C_basiliek_crop.JPG" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Susteren%2C_Limburg%2C_basiliek_crop.JPG/216px-Susteren%2C_Limburg%2C_basiliek_crop.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Susteren%2C_Limburg%2C_basiliek_crop.JPG/288px-Susteren%2C_Limburg%2C_basiliek_crop.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1898" data-file-height="2375" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Susteren_Abbey" title="Susteren Abbey">Susteren</a>, Westwork</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 91.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 89.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rolduc04.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rolduc, Interior"><img alt="Rolduc, Interior" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Rolduc04.jpg/134px-Rolduc04.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Rolduc04.jpg/201px-Rolduc04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Rolduc04.jpg/269px-Rolduc04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Rolduc" title="Rolduc">Rolduc</a>, Interior</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stone_carving">Stone carving</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mosan_art&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Stone carving"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mosan stone carving reached a peak in the 12th century in Maastricht, Liège and Nivelles. Maastricht 'metsen' (stone carvers) worked on <a href="/wiki/Capital_(architecture)" title="Capital (architecture)">capitals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Relief" title="Relief">reliefs</a> as far afield as <a href="/wiki/Utrecht_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Utrecht (city)">Utrecht</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eisenach" title="Eisenach">Eisenach</a>. </p> <ul><li>Carved capitals in western galleries of <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint_Servatius" title="Basilica of Saint Servatius">Basilica of Saint Servatius</a>, Maastricht (12th century)</li> <li>Carved capitals in East choir of <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Our_Lady_(Maastricht)" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of Our Lady (Maastricht)">Basilica of Our Lady</a>, Maastricht (12th century)</li> <li>Carved capitals in crypt of abbey church of <a href="/wiki/Rolduc" title="Rolduc">Rolduc</a> (12th century)</li> <li><i>Vierge de Dom Rupert</i> (12th century), <a href="/wiki/Curtius_Museum" title="Curtius Museum">Curtius Museum</a>, Liège</li> <li><i>Pierre Boudon</i> relief (12th century), <a href="/wiki/Curtius_Museum" title="Curtius Museum">Curtius Museum</a>, Liège</li> <li>Samson Portal, <a href="/wiki/Collegiate_Church_of_Saint_Gertrude" class="mw-redirect" title="Collegiate Church of Saint Gertrude">Collegiate Church of Saint Gertrude</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nivelles" title="Nivelles">Nivelles</a></li> <li>Baptismal font, Furnaux (<a href="/wiki/Namur_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Namur (province)">Namur</a>)</li> <li><i>Oath on the Relics</i> relief (12th century), Basilica of Our Lady, Maastricht</li> <li><i>Majestas Domini</i> <a href="/wiki/Tympanum_(architecture)" title="Tympanum (architecture)">tympanum</a> (12th century), Basilica of Saint Servatius, Maastricht</li> <li>Double relief choir screen (12th century), Basilica of Saint Servatius, Maastricht</li> <li>Four-part relief in <a href="/wiki/Pieterskerk,_Utrecht" class="mw-redirect" title="Pieterskerk, Utrecht">Saint Peter's Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Utrecht_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Utrecht (city)">Utrecht</a></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 121.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 119.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Interieur,_kapiteel_in_het_koor,_eerste_van_het_midden_-_Maastricht_-_20146493_-_RCE.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maastricht, Basilica of Our Lady. Carved 4-fold capital"><img alt="Maastricht, Basilica of Our Lady. Carved 4-fold capital" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Interieur%2C_kapiteel_in_het_koor%2C_eerste_van_het_midden_-_Maastricht_-_20146493_-_RCE.jpg/179px-Interieur%2C_kapiteel_in_het_koor%2C_eerste_van_het_midden_-_Maastricht_-_20146493_-_RCE.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Interieur%2C_kapiteel_in_het_koor%2C_eerste_van_het_midden_-_Maastricht_-_20146493_-_RCE.jpg/268px-Interieur%2C_kapiteel_in_het_koor%2C_eerste_van_het_midden_-_Maastricht_-_20146493_-_RCE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Interieur%2C_kapiteel_in_het_koor%2C_eerste_van_het_midden_-_Maastricht_-_20146493_-_RCE.jpg/357px-Interieur%2C_kapiteel_in_het_koor%2C_eerste_van_het_midden_-_Maastricht_-_20146493_-_RCE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="884" data-file-height="891" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Maastricht" title="Maastricht">Maastricht</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Our_Lady_(Maastricht)" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of Our Lady (Maastricht)">Basilica of Our Lady</a>. Carved 4-fold capital</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 140.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 138.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maastricht_StServatius_Fight_monkey_dog.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maastricht, St Servatius. Carved capital in westwork"><img alt="Maastricht, St Servatius. Carved capital in westwork" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Maastricht_StServatius_Fight_monkey_dog.jpg/208px-Maastricht_StServatius_Fight_monkey_dog.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Maastricht_StServatius_Fight_monkey_dog.jpg/312px-Maastricht_StServatius_Fight_monkey_dog.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Maastricht_StServatius_Fight_monkey_dog.jpg/416px-Maastricht_StServatius_Fight_monkey_dog.jpg 2x" data-file-width="961" data-file-height="831" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Maastricht, <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint_Servatius" title="Basilica of Saint Servatius">St Servatius</a>. Carved capital in westwork</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 184.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 182.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Curtius_Romanesque_capital.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Liège, Curtius Museum. Carved capital from St Lambert's Cathedral"><img alt="Liège, Curtius Museum. Carved capital from St Lambert's Cathedral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Curtius_Romanesque_capital.jpg/274px-Curtius_Romanesque_capital.jpg" decoding="async" width="183" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Curtius_Romanesque_capital.jpg/410px-Curtius_Romanesque_capital.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Curtius_Romanesque_capital.jpg/547px-Curtius_Romanesque_capital.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3784" data-file-height="2492" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge" title="Liège">Liège</a>, <a href="/wiki/Curtius_Museum" title="Curtius Museum">Curtius Museum</a>. Carved capital from St Lambert's Cathedral</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PICT1346-Wartburg-Kapitell-Dragons.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Eisenach. Dragon capital in the Wartburg"><img alt="Eisenach. Dragon capital in the Wartburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/PICT1346-Wartburg-Kapitell-Dragons.JPG/240px-PICT1346-Wartburg-Kapitell-Dragons.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/PICT1346-Wartburg-Kapitell-Dragons.JPG/360px-PICT1346-Wartburg-Kapitell-Dragons.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/PICT1346-Wartburg-Kapitell-Dragons.JPG/480px-PICT1346-Wartburg-Kapitell-Dragons.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Eisenach" title="Eisenach">Eisenach</a>. Dragon capital in the <a href="/wiki/Wartburg" title="Wartburg">Wartburg</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 87.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 85.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vierge_Dom_Rupert.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Liège, Curtius Museum. 'Vierge de Dom Rupert'"><img alt="Liège, Curtius Museum. 'Vierge de Dom Rupert'" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Vierge_Dom_Rupert.jpg/128px-Vierge_Dom_Rupert.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Vierge_Dom_Rupert.jpg/191px-Vierge_Dom_Rupert.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Vierge_Dom_Rupert.jpg/255px-Vierge_Dom_Rupert.jpg 2x" data-file-width="516" data-file-height="727" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Liège, Curtius Museum. 'Vierge de Dom Rupert'</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 110px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 108px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maastricht_OLV_Oath.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maastricht, Church of Our Lady. 'Oath on the Relics'"><img alt="Maastricht, Church of Our Lady. 'Oath on the Relics'" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Maastricht_OLV_Oath.jpg/162px-Maastricht_OLV_Oath.jpg" decoding="async" width="108" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Maastricht_OLV_Oath.jpg/243px-Maastricht_OLV_Oath.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Maastricht_OLV_Oath.jpg/325px-Maastricht_OLV_Oath.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1109" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Maastricht, Church of Our Lady. 'Oath on the Relics'</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maastricht_StServatius_Sculpture1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maastricht, St Servatius. 2-part relief"><img alt="Maastricht, St Servatius. 2-part relief" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Maastricht_StServatius_Sculpture1.jpg/168px-Maastricht_StServatius_Sculpture1.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Maastricht_StServatius_Sculpture1.jpg/252px-Maastricht_StServatius_Sculpture1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Maastricht_StServatius_Sculpture1.jpg/335px-Maastricht_StServatius_Sculpture1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="546" data-file-height="586" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Maastricht, St Servatius. 2-part relief</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 126.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 124.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pieterskerk_-_reli%C3%ABf.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Utrecht, St Peter's. 4-part relief. Pontius Pilate pointing at Christ"><img alt="Utrecht, St Peter's. 4-part relief. Pontius Pilate pointing at Christ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Pieterskerk_-_reli%C3%ABf.JPG/187px-Pieterskerk_-_reli%C3%ABf.JPG" decoding="async" width="125" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Pieterskerk_-_reli%C3%ABf.JPG/281px-Pieterskerk_-_reli%C3%ABf.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Pieterskerk_-_reli%C3%ABf.JPG/374px-Pieterskerk_-_reli%C3%ABf.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2196" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Utrecht_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Utrecht (city)">Utrecht</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pieterskerk,_Utrecht" class="mw-redirect" title="Pieterskerk, Utrecht">St Peter's</a>. 4-part relief. <a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilate" title="Pontius Pilate">Pontius Pilate</a> pointing at Christ</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metalwork">Metalwork</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mosan_art&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Metalwork"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Metalsmith" title="Metalsmith">Metalwork</a> has been considered the high art of the 12th and early 13th-century Meuse region, culminating in the work of <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_of_Verdun" title="Nicholas of Verdun">Nicholas of Verdun</a>, which is of exceptionally high quality. The <a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_the_Three_Kings_at_Cologne_Cathedral" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrine of the Three Kings at Cologne Cathedral">Shrine of the Three Kings at Cologne Cathedral</a>, the Anno Shrine in <a href="/wiki/Siegburg" title="Siegburg">Siegburg</a> and the Shrine of Our Lady in <a href="/wiki/Tournai" title="Tournai">Tournai</a> are among his best work. Other important metalworkers were <a href="/wiki/Renier_de_Huy" title="Renier de Huy">Renier de Huy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hugo_d%27Oignies" title="Hugo d'Oignies">Hugo d'Oignies</a>. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptismal_font_at_St_Bartholomew%27s_Church,_Li%C3%A8ge" title="Baptismal font at St Bartholomew's Church, Liège">Baptismal font at St Bartholomew's Church, Liège</a> (early 12th century) by <a href="/wiki/Renier_de_Huy" title="Renier de Huy">Renier de Huy</a></li> <li>Shrine of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Servatius" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Servatius">Saint Servatius</a> (±1165) in <a href="/wiki/Maastricht" title="Maastricht">Maastricht</a></li> <li>Shrine of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadelin_de_Celles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hadelin de Celles (page does not exist)">Saint Hadelin</a> (1170, partly 11th century) in <a href="/wiki/Vis%C3%A9" title="Visé">Visé</a></li> <li>Shrine of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Remacle" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Remacle">Saint Remacle</a> in <a href="/wiki/Stavelot" title="Stavelot">Stavelot</a></li> <li>Shrines of <a href="/wiki/Domitian_of_Huy" title="Domitian of Huy">Saint Domitian</a> and Saint Mangold (by Godefroid de Huy, ±1172-1189) in <a href="/wiki/Huy" title="Huy">Huy</a></li> <li>Shrine of Our Lady (1205) at <a href="/wiki/Tournai_Cathedral" title="Tournai Cathedral">Tournai Cathedral</a> by <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_of_Verdun" title="Nicholas of Verdun">Nicholas of Verdun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_the_Three_Kings_at_Cologne_Cathedral" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrine of the Three Kings at Cologne Cathedral">Shrine of the Three Kings at Cologne Cathedral</a> (1180) by Nicholas of Verdun</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karlsschrein" title="Karlsschrein">Shrine of Charlemagne</a> (<i>Karlsschrein</i>, 1215) and <a href="/wiki/Marienschrein" title="Marienschrein">Shrine of Mary</a> (<i>Marienschrein</i>, 1238), <a href="/wiki/Aachen_Cathedral" title="Aachen Cathedral">Aachen Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor">Barbarossa</a> Chandelier (1170), Aachen Cathedral</li> <li>Retable of the Pentecost (1160–1170, <a href="/wiki/Cluny_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Cluny Museum">Cluny Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051017231309/http://www.musee-moyenage.fr/ang/pages/page_id18375_u1l2.htm">[1]</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stavelot_Triptych" title="Stavelot Triptych">Stavelot Triptych</a>. <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Morgan Library">Morgan Library</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reliquary_of_St._Maurus" title="Reliquary of St. Maurus">Reliquary of St. Maurus</a>, now in <a href="/wiki/Be%C4%8Dov_nad_Teplou" title="Bečov nad Teplou">Bečov nad Teplou</a></li> <li>Stavelot altar base. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Museums_of_Art_and_History" title="Royal Museums of Art and History">Royal Museums of Art and History</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a></li> <li>Reliquary with head of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_I" title="Pope Alexander I">Pope Alexander I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Museums_of_Art_and_History" title="Royal Museums of Art and History">Royal Museums of Art and History</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a></li> <li>The foot of the so-called Cross of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Bertin" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Bertin">Saint Bertin</a>. Museum of <a href="/wiki/Saint-Omer" title="Saint-Omer">Saint-Omer</a></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 186px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 184px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Renier_de_Huy_JPG0.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baptismal font. St Bartholomew's, Liège"><img alt="Baptismal font. St Bartholomew's, Liège" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Renier_de_Huy_JPG0.jpg/276px-Renier_de_Huy_JPG0.jpg" decoding="async" width="184" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Renier_de_Huy_JPG0.jpg/413px-Renier_de_Huy_JPG0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Renier_de_Huy_JPG0.jpg/551px-Renier_de_Huy_JPG0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2454" data-file-height="1604" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Baptismal_font_at_St_Bartholomew%27s_Church,_Li%C3%A8ge" title="Baptismal font at St Bartholomew's Church, Liège">Baptismal font</a>. <a href="/wiki/St_Bartholomew%27s_Church,_Li%C3%A8ge" class="mw-redirect" title="St Bartholomew's Church, Liège">St Bartholomew's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge" title="Liège">Liège</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 158px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 156px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stavelot.Triptych.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stavelot Triptych, Morgan Library, New York"><img alt="Stavelot Triptych, Morgan Library, New York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Stavelot.Triptych.jpg/234px-Stavelot.Triptych.jpg" decoding="async" width="156" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Stavelot.Triptych.jpg/351px-Stavelot.Triptych.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Stavelot.Triptych.jpg/468px-Stavelot.Triptych.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1299" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Stavelot_Triptych" title="Stavelot Triptych">Stavelot Triptych</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Morgan Library">Morgan Library</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 100.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 98.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Louvre_MosanReliquary.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mosan reliquary in the Louvre, Paris"><img alt="Mosan reliquary in the Louvre, Paris" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Louvre_MosanReliquary.jpg/148px-Louvre_MosanReliquary.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Louvre_MosanReliquary.jpg/222px-Louvre_MosanReliquary.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Louvre_MosanReliquary.jpg/296px-Louvre_MosanReliquary.jpg 2x" data-file-width="618" data-file-height="751" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mosan reliquary in the <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 86.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 84.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hugo_d%27Oignies_Evangeliary.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Book-cover by Hugo d'Oignies"><img alt="Book-cover by Hugo d'Oignies" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Hugo_d%27Oignies_Evangeliary.jpg/127px-Hugo_d%27Oignies_Evangeliary.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Hugo_d%27Oignies_Evangeliary.jpg/190px-Hugo_d%27Oignies_Evangeliary.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Hugo_d%27Oignies_Evangeliary.jpg/253px-Hugo_d%27Oignies_Evangeliary.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1407" data-file-height="1997" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Book-cover by <a href="/wiki/Hugo_d%27Oignies" title="Hugo d'Oignies">Hugo d'Oignies</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 153.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 151.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Barbarossaleuchter.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Barbarossa Chandelier, Aachen Cathedral"><img alt="Barbarossa Chandelier, Aachen Cathedral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Barbarossaleuchter.jpg/227px-Barbarossaleuchter.jpg" decoding="async" width="152" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Barbarossaleuchter.jpg/341px-Barbarossaleuchter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Barbarossaleuchter.jpg/454px-Barbarossaleuchter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3031" data-file-height="2403" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Barbarossa_Chandelier" title="Barbarossa Chandelier">Barbarossa Chandelier</a>, Aachen Cathedral</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Schrijn_remaclus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shrine of Saint Remacle, Stavelot"><img alt="Shrine of Saint Remacle, Stavelot" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Schrijn_remaclus.jpg/240px-Schrijn_remaclus.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Schrijn_remaclus.jpg/360px-Schrijn_remaclus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Schrijn_remaclus.jpg/480px-Schrijn_remaclus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Shrine of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Remacle" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Remacle">Saint Remacle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stavelot" title="Stavelot">Stavelot</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 296px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 294px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vis%C3%A9_-_%C3%89glise_Saint-Martin_-_Ch%C3%A2sse_de_Saint-Hadelin_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Shrine of Saint Hadelin, Visé"><img alt="Shrine of Saint Hadelin, Visé" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Vis%C3%A9_-_%C3%89glise_Saint-Martin_-_Ch%C3%A2sse_de_Saint-Hadelin_02.JPG/441px-Vis%C3%A9_-_%C3%89glise_Saint-Martin_-_Ch%C3%A2sse_de_Saint-Hadelin_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="294" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Vis%C3%A9_-_%C3%89glise_Saint-Martin_-_Ch%C3%A2sse_de_Saint-Hadelin_02.JPG/662px-Vis%C3%A9_-_%C3%89glise_Saint-Martin_-_Ch%C3%A2sse_de_Saint-Hadelin_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Vis%C3%A9_-_%C3%89glise_Saint-Martin_-_Ch%C3%A2sse_de_Saint-Hadelin_02.JPG/882px-Vis%C3%A9_-_%C3%89glise_Saint-Martin_-_Ch%C3%A2sse_de_Saint-Hadelin_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3988" data-file-height="1628" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Shrine of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Hadelin" title="Saint Hadelin">Saint Hadelin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vis%C3%A9" title="Visé">Visé</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MaastrichtNoodkist05.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maastricht. Shrine of Saint Servatius"><img alt="Maastricht. Shrine of Saint Servatius" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/MaastrichtNoodkist05.jpg/135px-MaastrichtNoodkist05.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/MaastrichtNoodkist05.jpg/202px-MaastrichtNoodkist05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/MaastrichtNoodkist05.jpg/269px-MaastrichtNoodkist05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1336" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Maastricht. Shrine of Saint Servatius</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Karlsschrein_front_side_left.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shrine of Charlemagne, Aachen Cathedral"><img alt="Shrine of Charlemagne, Aachen Cathedral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Karlsschrein_front_side_left.jpg/240px-Karlsschrein_front_side_left.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Karlsschrein_front_side_left.jpg/360px-Karlsschrein_front_side_left.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Karlsschrein_front_side_left.jpg/480px-Karlsschrein_front_side_left.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Karlsschrein" title="Karlsschrein">Shrine of Charlemagne</a>, Aachen Cathedral</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 176px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 174px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cologne_Cathedral_Shrine_of_Magi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shrine of the Three Kings, Cologne Cathedral"><img alt="Shrine of the Three Kings, Cologne Cathedral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Cologne_Cathedral_Shrine_of_Magi.jpg/261px-Cologne_Cathedral_Shrine_of_Magi.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Cologne_Cathedral_Shrine_of_Magi.jpg/392px-Cologne_Cathedral_Shrine_of_Magi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Cologne_Cathedral_Shrine_of_Magi.jpg/523px-Cologne_Cathedral_Shrine_of_Magi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="523" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_the_Three_Kings" title="Shrine of the Three Kings">Shrine of the Three Kings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cologne_Cathedral" title="Cologne Cathedral">Cologne Cathedral</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Painting,_illumination_and_other_works_of_art"><span id="Painting.2C_illumination_and_other_works_of_art"></span>Painting, illumination and other works of art</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mosan_art&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Painting, illumination and other works of art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Very little has come to us from what must have been an impressive body of Mosan <a href="/wiki/Mural" title="Mural">murals</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wolfram_von_Eschenbach" title="Wolfram von Eschenbach">Wolfram von Eschenbach</a>, in his <a href="/wiki/Parzival" title="Parzival">Parzival</a> expressed his high regard for Maastricht (and Cologne) painters (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eII6AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA83">Parzival, 158, 13-16</a>). <a href="/wiki/Illuminated_manuscript" title="Illuminated manuscript">Book illumination</a>, like the rest of the arts, was at its zenith in the second half of the 12th century. The principal centres were the abbey of Saint Laurent in Liège and the abbeys of Stavelot and Lobbes. Another highly developed art was <a href="/wiki/Vitreous_enamel" title="Vitreous enamel">vitreous enameling</a>. </p> <ul><li>Mural of the choir vault (heavily restored). Basilica of Saint Servatius, Maastricht</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stavelot_Bible" title="Stavelot Bible">Stavelot Bible</a> (11th century). British Library</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Floreffe_Bible&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Floreffe Bible (page does not exist)">Floreffe Bible</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bible_de_Floreffe" class="extiw" title="fr:Bible de Floreffe">fr</a>]</span> (12th century). <a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangeliary_of_Averbode" title="Evangeliary of Averbode">Evangeliary of Averbode</a> (12th century). University Library, Liège</li> <li>Manuscripts from the abbey of <a href="/wiki/Sint-Truiden" title="Sint-Truiden">Sint-Truiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangeliary" title="Evangeliary">Evangeliary</a> of <a href="/wiki/Notker_of_Li%C3%A8ge" title="Notker of Liège">Notger</a> (10th-12th century)</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 146.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 144.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:StServaasOostkoor1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ceiling painting Basilica of Saint Servatius, Maastricht"><img alt="Ceiling painting Basilica of Saint Servatius, Maastricht" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/StServaasOostkoor1.jpg/217px-StServaasOostkoor1.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/StServaasOostkoor1.jpg/325px-StServaasOostkoor1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/StServaasOostkoor1.jpg/434px-StServaasOostkoor1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="581" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ceiling painting <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint_Servatius" title="Basilica of Saint Servatius">Basilica of Saint Servatius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maastricht" title="Maastricht">Maastricht</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 78.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 76.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Christ_in_Majesty_-_Stavelot_Bible.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Page from Stavelot Bible, British Library"><img alt="Page from Stavelot Bible, British Library" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Christ_in_Majesty_-_Stavelot_Bible.png/115px-Christ_in_Majesty_-_Stavelot_Bible.png" decoding="async" width="77" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Christ_in_Majesty_-_Stavelot_Bible.png/172px-Christ_in_Majesty_-_Stavelot_Bible.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Christ_in_Majesty_-_Stavelot_Bible.png/229px-Christ_in_Majesty_-_Stavelot_Bible.png 2x" data-file-width="2088" data-file-height="3275" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Page from <a href="/wiki/Stavelot_Bible" title="Stavelot Bible">Stavelot Bible</a>, British Library</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 78.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 76.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Floreffe_Bible_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Page from Floreffe Bible, British Library"><img alt="Page from Floreffe Bible, British Library" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Floreffe_Bible_01.jpg/115px-Floreffe_Bible_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="77" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Floreffe_Bible_01.jpg/172px-Floreffe_Bible_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Floreffe_Bible_01.jpg/230px-Floreffe_Bible_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="563" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Page from <a href="/wiki/Floreffe" title="Floreffe">Floreffe</a> Bible, British Library</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 102.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 100.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ivoire_de_Notger.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Evangeliary of Notger. Ivory and enamel"><img alt="Evangeliary of Notger. Ivory and enamel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Ivoire_de_Notger.jpg/151px-Ivoire_de_Notger.jpg" decoding="async" width="101" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Ivoire_de_Notger.jpg/227px-Ivoire_de_Notger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Ivoire_de_Notger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="340" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Evangeliary of <a href="/wiki/Notker_of_Li%C3%A8ge" title="Notker of Liège">Notger</a>. Ivory and enamel</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 82px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%89vang%C3%A9liaire_d%27Averbode,_f17.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Evangeliary of Averbode, Liège University Library"><img alt="Evangeliary of Averbode, Liège University Library" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/%C3%89vang%C3%A9liaire_d%27Averbode%2C_f17.JPG/120px-%C3%89vang%C3%A9liaire_d%27Averbode%2C_f17.JPG" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/%C3%89vang%C3%A9liaire_d%27Averbode%2C_f17.JPG/180px-%C3%89vang%C3%A9liaire_d%27Averbode%2C_f17.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/%C3%89vang%C3%A9liaire_d%27Averbode%2C_f17.JPG/240px-%C3%89vang%C3%A9liaire_d%27Averbode%2C_f17.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Evangeliary_of_Averbode" title="Evangeliary of Averbode">Evangeliary of Averbode</a>, Liège University Library</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mosan_art&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanesque_art#Sculpture" title="Romanesque art">Romanesque art § Sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosan_Renaissance_architecture" title="Mosan Renaissance architecture">Mosan Renaissance architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tournai_font" title="Tournai font">Tournai font</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mosan_art&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musee-moyenage.fr/ang/pages/page_id18376_u1l2.htm">www.musee-moyenage.fr</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051017230516/http://www.musee-moyenage.fr/ang/pages/page_id18376_u1l2.htm">Archived</a> 2005-10-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musee-moyenage.fr/ang/pages/page_id18362_u1l2.htm">www.musee-moyenage.fr</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051017081429/http://www.musee-moyenage.fr/ang/pages/page_id18362_u1l2.htm">Archived</a> 2005-10-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mosan_art&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Chapman, Gretel (1987). "Mosan art". <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_the_Middle_Ages" title="Dictionary of the Middle Ages">Dictionary of the Middle Ages</a></i>. Volume 8. pp. 495–6</li> <li>Hartog, Elizabeth den (2002). "Romanesque Sculpture in Maastricht"</li> <li>Timmers, J.J.M. (1971). "De Kunst van het Maasland"</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9053873/Mosan-school">"Mosan school"</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> Online</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mosan_art&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_art" title="Ancient art">Ancient</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thracian_treasure" title="Thracian treasure">Thracian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dacian_art" title="Dacian art">Dacian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuragic_civilization#Culture" title="Nuragic civilization">Nuragic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_art" title="Aegean art">Aegean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycladic_art" title="Cycladic art">Cycladic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_art" title="Minoan art">Minoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minyan_ware" title="Minyan ware">Minyan ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece#Art_and_pottery" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenaean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_art" title="Ancient Greek art">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sub-Mycenaean_pottery" title="Sub-Mycenaean pottery">Sub-Mycenaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protogeometric_style" title="Protogeometric style">Protogeometric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geometric_art" title="Geometric art">Geometric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orientalizing_period" title="Orientalizing period">Orientalizing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greek_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaic Greek art">Archaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-figure_pottery" title="Black-figure pottery">Black-figure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-figure_pottery" title="Red-figure pottery">Red-figure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severe_style" title="Severe style">Severe style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_art#Classical" title="Ancient Greek art">Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerch_style" title="Kerch style">Kerch style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_art" title="Hellenistic art">Hellenistic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_art#"Baroque"" title="Hellenistic art">"Baroque"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Greek_art" title="Indo-Greek art">Indo-Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Buddhist_art" title="Greco-Buddhist art">Greco-Buddhist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Attic" title="Neo-Attic">Neo-Attic</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_art" title="Etruscan art">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scythian_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Scythian art">Scythian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_sculpture" title="Iberian sculpture">Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gauls#Art" title="Gauls">Gaulish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_art" title="Roman art">Roman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Republican_art" title="Roman Republican art">Republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallo-Roman_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallo-Roman art">Gallo-Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustan_and_Julio-Claudian_art" title="Augustan and Julio-Claudian art">Julio-Claudian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompeian_Styles" title="Pompeian Styles">Pompeian Styles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajanic_art" title="Trajanic art">Trajanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severan_art" title="Severan art">Severan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_art" title="Medieval art">Medieval</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Late_Antique_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Antique art">Late antique</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Christian_art_and_architecture" title="Early Christian art and architecture">Early Christian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_art" title="Coptic art">Coptic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_art" title="Ethiopian art">Ethiopian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration_Period_art" title="Migration Period art">Migration Period</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_art" title="Anglo-Saxon art">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunnic_art" title="Hunnic art">Hunnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_art" title="Insular art">Insular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombards#Art" title="Lombards">Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visigothic_art_and_architecture" title="Visigothic art and architecture">Visigothic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donor_portrait" title="Donor portrait">Donor portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picts#Art" title="Picts">Pictish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozarabic_art_and_architecture" title="Mozarabic art and architecture">Mozarabic</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Repoblaci%C3%B3n_art_and_architecture" title="Repoblación art and architecture">Repoblación</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_art" title="Viking art">Viking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_art" title="Byzantine art">Byzantine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Iconoclasm" title="Byzantine Iconoclasm">Iconoclast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_art_(Byzantine)" title="Macedonian art (Byzantine)">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaeologan_Renaissance#Art_and_architecture" title="Palaeologan Renaissance">Palaeologan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Byzantine" title="Italo-Byzantine">Italo-Byzantine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franks#Art_and_architecture" title="Franks">Frankish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Merovingian_art_and_architecture" title="Merovingian art and architecture">Merovingian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_art" title="Carolingian art">Carolingian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Romanesque_art_and_architecture" title="Pre-Romanesque art and architecture">Pre-Romanesque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottonian_art" title="Ottonian art">Ottonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanesque_art" title="Romanesque art">Romanesque</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mosan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Romanesque" title="Spanish Romanesque">Spanish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normans#Visual_arts" title="Normans">Norman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norman%E2%80%93Arab%E2%80%93Byzantine_culture" title="Norman–Arab–Byzantine culture">Norman-Sicilian</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Opus_Anglicanum" title="Opus Anglicanum">Opus Anglicanum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_art" title="Gothic art">Gothic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_art_in_Milan" title="Gothic art in Milan">Gothic art in Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Gothic" title="International Gothic">International Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Gothic_art_in_Italy" title="International Gothic art in Italy">International Gothic art in Italy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucchese_school" title="Lucchese school">Lucchese school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_Crusades" title="Art of the Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novgorod_school" title="Novgorod school">Novgorod school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duecento" title="Duecento">Duecento</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sienese_school" title="Sienese school">Sienese school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mud%C3%A9jar_art" title="Mudéjar art">Mudéjar</a></li> <li>Medieval <a href="/wiki/History_of_cartography#Medieval_Europe" title="History of cartography">cartography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_cartography#Italian_cartography_and_the_birth_of_portolan_charts" title="History of cartography">Italian school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majorcan_cartographic_school" title="Majorcan cartographic school">Majorcan school</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mappa_mundi" title="Mappa mundi">Mappa mundi</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_art" title="Renaissance art">Renaissance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance_painting" title="Italian Renaissance painting">Italian Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trecento" title="Trecento">Trecento</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Renaissance" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Renaissance">Proto-Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florentine_painting" title="Florentine painting">Florentine school</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pittura_infamante" title="Pittura infamante">Pittura infamante</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quattrocento" title="Quattrocento">Quattrocento</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Ferrara" title="School of Ferrara">Ferrarese school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forlivese_school_of_art" title="Forlivese school of art">Forlivese school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_painting" title="Venetian painting">Venetian school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinquecento" title="Cinquecento">Cinquecento</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Renaissance" title="High Renaissance">High Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolognese_school" title="Bolognese school">Bolognese school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannerism" title="Mannerism">Mannerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Maniera" title="Counter-Maniera">Counter-<i>Maniera</i></a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Renaissance" title="Northern Renaissance">Northern Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Netherlandish_painting" title="Early Netherlandish painting">Early Netherlandish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_landscape" title="World landscape">World landscape</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghent%E2%80%93Bruges_school" title="Ghent–Bruges school">Ghent–Bruges school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mannerism" title="Northern Mannerism">Northern Mannerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Renaissance" title="German Renaissance">German Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cologne_school_of_painting" title="Cologne school of painting">Cologne school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danube_school" title="Danube school">Danube school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_and_Flemish_Renaissance_painting" title="Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painting">Dutch and Flemish Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antwerp_Mannerism" title="Antwerp Mannerism">Antwerp Mannerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanism_(painting)" title="Romanism (painting)">Romanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Still_life" title="Still life">Still life</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Renaissance#Visual_arts" title="English Renaissance">English Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artists_of_the_Tudor_court" title="Artists of the Tudor court">Tudor court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_school" title="Cretan school">Cretan school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turquerie" title="Turquerie">Turquerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Fontainebleau" title="School of Fontainebleau">Fontainebleau school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_late_16th_century_in_Milan" title="Art of the late 16th century in Milan">Art of the late 16th century in Milan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">17th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_in_Milan" title="Baroque in Milan">Baroque in Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Baroque_painting" title="Flemish Baroque painting">Flemish Baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caravaggisti" title="Caravaggisti">Caravaggisti</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Utrecht_Caravaggism" title="Utrecht Caravaggism">in Utrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenebrism" title="Tenebrism">Tenebrism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII_style" title="Louis XIII style">Louis XIII style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_baroque" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran baroque">Lutheran Baroque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stroganov_school" title="Stroganov school">Stroganov school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_painter" title="Animal painter">Animal painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guild_of_Romanists" title="Guild of Romanists">Guild of Romanists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Golden_Age_painting" title="Dutch Golden Age painting">Dutch Golden Age</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delft_school_(painting)" title="Delft school (painting)">Delft school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capriccio_(art)" title="Capriccio (art)">Capriccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_school_(painting)" title="Ionian school (painting)">Heptanese school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classicism#In_the_fine_arts" title="Classicism">Classicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_style" title="Louis XIV style">Louis XIV style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poussinists_and_Rubenists" title="Poussinists and Rubenists">Poussinists and Rubenists</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">18th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rococo" title="Rococo">Rococo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rocaille" title="Rocaille">Rocaille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XV_style" title="Louis XV style">Louis XV style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederician_Rococo" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederician Rococo">Frederician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinoiserie" title="Chinoiserie">Chinoiserie</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%AAte_galante" title="Fête galante">Fête galante</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism" title="Neoclassicism">Neoclassicism</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Go%C3%BBt_grec" title="Goût grec">Goût grec</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI_style" title="Louis XVI style">Louis XVI style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_style" title="Adam style">Adam style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directoire_style" title="Directoire style">Directoire style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture_in_Milan" title="Neoclassical architecture in Milan">Neoclassical architecture in Milan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picturesque" title="Picturesque">Picturesque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">Colonial art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Art of the <a href="/wiki/African_diaspora" title="African diaspora">African diaspora</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_art" title="African-American art">African-American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_art" title="Caribbean art">Caribbean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_art" title="Haitian art">Haitian</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Colonial Asian art <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arts_in_the_Philippines" title="Arts in the Philippines">Arts in the Philippines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Letras_y_figuras" title="Letras y figuras">Letras y figuras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipos_del_Pa%C3%ADs" title="Tipos del País">Tipos del País</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque#Baroque_in_the_Spanish_and_Portuguese_Colonial_Asia" title="Baroque">Colonial Asian Baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_style" title="Company style">Company style</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_art" title="Latin American art">Latin American art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casta_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="Casta painting">Casta painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indochristian_art" title="Indochristian art">Indochristian art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chilote_school_of_religious_imagery" title="Chilote school of religious imagery">Chilote school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuzco_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuzco school">Cuzco school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quito_school" title="Quito school">Quito school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque#Baroque_in_the_Spanish_and_Portuguese_Colonial_Americas" title="Baroque">Latin American Baroque</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">Art borrowing<br />Western elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_art" title="Islamic art">Islamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus#Art_and_architecture" title="Al-Andalus">Moorish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaean_art" title="Manichaean art">Manichaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal art">Mughal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qajar_art" title="Qajar art">Qajar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qing_handicrafts" title="Qing handicrafts">Qing handicrafts</a></li> <li>Western influence in <a href="/wiki/Japanese_art" title="Japanese art">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akita_ranga" title="Akita ranga">Akita ranga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uki-e" title="Uki-e">Uki-e</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_art#Western_art_after_1770" title="History of art">Transition<br />to modern</a><br />(c. 1770 – 1862)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism#Visual_arts" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_painting" title="Fairy painting">Fairy painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Golden_Age" title="Danish Golden Age">Danish Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troubadour_style" title="Troubadour style">Troubadour style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazarene_movement" title="Nazarene movement">Nazarene movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purismo" title="Purismo">Purismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancients_(art_group)" title="Ancients (art group)">Shoreham Ancients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf_school_of_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf school of painting">Düsseldorf school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Raphaelite_Brotherhood" title="Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood">Pre-Raphaelites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_River_School" title="Hudson River School">Hudson River School</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luminism_(American_art_style)" title="Luminism (American art style)">American luminism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orientalism#Orientalist_art" title="Orientalism">Orientalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwich_school_of_painters" title="Norwich school of painters">Norwich school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_style" title="Empire style">Empire style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historicism_(art)" title="Historicism (art)">Historicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revivalism_(architecture)" title="Revivalism (architecture)">Revivalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biedermeier" title="Biedermeier">Biedermeier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realism_(art_movement)" title="Realism (art movement)">Realism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbizon_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbizon school">Barbizon school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costumbrismo" title="Costumbrismo">Costumbrismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verismo_(painting)" title="Verismo (painting)">Verismo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macchiaioli" title="Macchiaioli">Macchiaioli</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academic_art" title="Academic art">Academic art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Munich_school" title="Munich school">Munich school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_academic_art_of_the_19th_century" title="Greek academic art of the 19th century">in Greece</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Grec#Painting" title="Neo-Grec">Neo-Grec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etching_revival" title="Etching revival">Etching revival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EAE0C8;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_art" title="Modern art">Modern</a><br />(1863–1944)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1863–1899</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-romanticism" title="Neo-romanticism">Neo-romanticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_nationalism#Arts" title="Romantic nationalism">National romanticism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Dga" title="Yōga">Yōga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihonga" title="Nihonga">Nihonga</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Japonisme" title="Japonisme">Japonisme</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Japanese_style" title="Anglo-Japanese style">Anglo-Japanese style</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beuron_school" title="Beuron school">Beuron school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hague_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Hague school">Hague school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peredvizhniki" title="Peredvizhniki">Peredvizhniki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">Impressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Impressionism" title="American Impressionism">American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hoosier_Group" title="Hoosier Group">Hoosier Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_school_(painting)" title="Boston school (painting)">Boston school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam_Impressionism" title="Amsterdam Impressionism">Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Impressionism" title="Canadian Impressionism">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Heidelberg school">Heidelberg school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aestheticism" title="Aestheticism">Aestheticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_and_Crafts_movement" title="Arts and Crafts movement">Arts and Crafts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_pottery" title="Art pottery">Art pottery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonalism" title="Tonalism">Tonalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decadent_movement" title="Decadent movement">Decadent movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolism_(arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbolism (arts)">Symbolism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Symbolist_movement_in_Romania" title="Symbolist movement in Romania">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_symbolism#Visual_arts" title="Russian symbolism">Russian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcano_school" title="Volcano school">Volcano school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incoherents" title="Incoherents">Incoherents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Impressionism" title="Post-Impressionism">Post-Impressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Impressionism" title="Neo-Impressionism">Neo-Impressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luminism_(Impressionism)" title="Luminism (Impressionism)">Luminism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divisionism" title="Divisionism">Divisionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pointillism" title="Pointillism">Pointillism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont-Aven_School" title="Pont-Aven School">Pont-Aven School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloisonnism" title="Cloisonnism">Cloisonnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetism" title="Synthetism">Synthetism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Nabis" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Nabis">Les Nabis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Barbizon_school" class="mw-redirect" title="American Barbizon school">American Barbizon school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_tonalism" class="mw-redirect" title="California tonalism">California tonalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costumbrismo#Visual_costumbrismo_in_the_Americas" title="Costumbrismo">Costumbrismo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1900–1914</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau_in_Milan" title="Art Nouveau in Milan">Art Nouveau in Milan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primitivism" title="Primitivism">Primitivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Impressionism" title="California Impressionism">California Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secession_(art)" title="Secession (art)">Secessionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Paris" title="School of Paris">School of Paris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Munich_Secession" title="Munich Secession">Munich Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_Secession" title="Vienna Secession">Vienna Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Secession" title="Berlin Secession">Berlin Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonderbund_westdeutscher_Kunstfreunde_und_K%C3%BCnstler" title="Sonderbund westdeutscher Kunstfreunde und Künstler">Sonderbund</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Impressionism" title="Pennsylvania Impressionism">Pennsylvania Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_iskusstva" title="Mir iskusstva">Mir iskusstva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_American_Painters" title="Ten American Painters">Ten American Painters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauvism" title="Fauvism">Fauvism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expressionism" title="Expressionism">Expressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Die_Br%C3%BCcke" title="Die Brücke">Die Brücke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Der_Blaue_Reiter" title="Der Blaue Reiter">Der Blaue Reiter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noucentisme" title="Noucentisme">Noucentisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Werkbund" title="Deutscher Werkbund">Deutscher Werkbund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Realism" class="mw-redirect" title="American Realism">American Realism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashcan_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashcan school">Ashcan school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">Cubism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Cubism" title="Proto-Cubism">Proto-Cubism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphism_(art)" title="Orphism (art)">Orphism</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Eight_(painters)" title="The Eight (painters)">A Nyolcak</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neue_K%C3%BCnstlervereinigung_M%C3%BCnchen" title="Neue Künstlervereinigung München">Neue Künstlervereinigung München</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futurism" title="Futurism">Futurism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cubo-Futurism" title="Cubo-Futurism">Cubo-Futurism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaphysical_painting" title="Metaphysical painting">Metaphysical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayonism" title="Rayonism">Rayonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Productivism_(art)" title="Productivism (art)">Productivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchromism" title="Synchromism">Synchromism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vorticism" title="Vorticism">Vorticism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1915–1944</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sosaku-hanga" class="mw-redirect" title="Sosaku-hanga">Sosaku-hanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suprematism" title="Suprematism">Suprematism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Paris" title="School of Paris">School of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Cubism" title="Crystal Cubism">Crystal Cubism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constructivism_(art)" title="Constructivism (art)">Constructivism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_art#Constructivist_movement" title="Latin American art">Latin American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Constructivism" title="Universal Constructivism">Universal Constructivism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dada" title="Dada">Dada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin-hanga" title="Shin-hanga">Shin-hanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoplasticism" title="Neoplasticism">Neoplasticism</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/De_Stijl" title="De Stijl">De Stijl</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purism" title="Purism">Purism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_to_order" title="Return to order">Return to order</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Novecento_Italiano" title="Novecento Italiano">Novecento Italiano</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figurative_Constructivism" title="Figurative Constructivism">Figurative Constructivism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stupid_(art_movement)" title="Stupid (art movement)">Stupid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cologne_Progressives" title="Cologne Progressives">Cologne Progressives</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbeitsrat_f%C3%BCr_Kunst" title="Arbeitsrat für Kunst">Arbeitsrat für Kunst</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/November_Group_(German)" title="November Group (German)">November Group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_tonalism" title="Australian tonalism">Australian tonalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dresden_Secession" title="Dresden Secession">Dresden Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_realism" title="Social realism">Social realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functionalism_(architecture)" title="Functionalism (architecture)">Functionalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bauhaus" title="Bauhaus">Bauhaus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinetic_art" title="Kinetic art">Kinetic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifesto_Antrop%C3%B3fago" title="Manifesto Antropófago">Anthropophagy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mingei" title="Mingei">Mingei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_Seven_(artists)" title="Group of Seven (artists)">Group of Seven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Objectivity" title="New Objectivity">New Objectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosvenor_School_of_Modern_Art" title="Grosvenor School of Modern Art">Grosvenor school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neues_Sehen" title="Neues Sehen">Neues Sehen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_modern_and_contemporary_art#Surrealism_in_Iran" title="Iranian modern and contemporary art">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_art#Surrealism" title="Latin American art">Latin American</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_muralism" title="Mexican muralism">Mexican muralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Fauvism" title="Neo-Fauvism">Neo-Fauvism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precisionism" title="Precisionism">Precisionism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aeropittura" title="Aeropittura">Aeropittura</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Revolutionary_Visual_Artists" title="Association of Revolutionary Visual Artists">Asso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuola_Romana" title="Scuola Romana">Scuola Romana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cercle_et_Carr%C3%A9" title="Cercle et Carré">Cercle et Carré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Group_(New_Zealand_art)" title="The Group (New Zealand art)">The Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlem_Renaissance" title="Harlem Renaissance">Harlem Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapists" title="Kapists">Kapists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regionalism_(art)" title="Regionalism (art)">Regionalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_Scene_Painting" title="California Scene Painting">California Scene Painting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_realism" title="Heroic realism">Heroic realism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Art in Nazi Germany">Nazi art</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streamline_Moderne" title="Streamline Moderne">Streamline Moderne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concrete_art" title="Concrete art">Concrete art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstraction-Cr%C3%A9ation" title="Abstraction-Création">Abstraction-Création</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ten_(Expressionists)" title="The Ten (Expressionists)">The Ten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_dimension_in_art#Dimensionist_manifesto" title="Fourth dimension in art">Dimensionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Expressionism" title="Boston Expressionism">Boston Expressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leningrad_School_of_Painting" title="Leningrad School of Painting">Leningrad school</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EAE0C8;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_art" title="Contemporary art">Contemporary</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Postmodern_art" title="Postmodern art">Postmodern</a><br />(1945–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1945–1959</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Typographic_Style" title="International Typographic Style">International Typographic Style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_expressionism" title="Abstract expressionism">Abstract expressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Color_School" title="Washington Color School">Washington Color School</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visionary_art" title="Visionary art">Visionary art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_School_of_Fantastic_Realism" title="Vienna School of Fantastic Realism">Vienna School of Fantastic Realism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spatialism" title="Spatialism">Spatialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_field" title="Color field">Color field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyrical_abstraction" title="Lyrical abstraction">Lyrical abstraction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tachisme" title="Tachisme">Tachisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_Informale" title="Arte Informale">Arte Informale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COBRA_(art_movement)" title="COBRA (art movement)">COBRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuagisme" title="Nuagisme">Nuagisme</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generaci%C3%B3n_de_la_Ruptura" title="Generación de la Ruptura">Generación de la Ruptura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jikken_K%C5%8Db%C5%8D" title="Jikken Kōbō">Jikken Kōbō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metcalf_Chateau" title="Metcalf Chateau">Metcalf Chateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mono-ha" title="Mono-ha">Mono-ha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanyang_Style" title="Nanyang Style">Nanyang Style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_painting" title="Action painting">Action painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Figurative_Expressionism" title="American Figurative Expressionism">American Figurative Expressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Figurative_Expressionism" title="New York Figurative Expressionism">in New York</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_media_art" title="New media art">New media art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_School_(art)#Visual_arts" title="New York School (art)">New York school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard-edge_painting" title="Hard-edge painting">Hard-edge painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_Area_Figurative_Movement" title="Bay Area Figurative Movement">Bay Area Figurative Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Plasticiens" title="Les Plasticiens">Les Plasticiens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutai_Art_Association" title="Gutai Art Association">Gutai Art Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendai_Bijutsu_Kondankai" title="Gendai Bijutsu Kondankai">Gendai Bijutsu Kondankai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_art" title="Pop art">Pop art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situationist_International" title="Situationist International">Situationist International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Nonconformist_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Nonconformist Art">Soviet Nonconformist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_underground" title="Ukrainian underground">Ukrainian underground</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lettrism" title="Lettrism">Lettrism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Letterist_International" title="Letterist International">Letterist International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-Lettrist" title="Ultra-Lettrist">Ultra-Lettrist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Highwaymen" class="mw-redirect" title="Florida Highwaymen">Florida Highwaymen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybernetic_art" title="Cybernetic art">Cybernetic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipodeans" title="Antipodeans">Antipodeans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1960–1969</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otra_Figuraci%C3%B3n" title="Otra Figuración">Otra Figuración</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrofuturism" title="Afrofuturism">Afrofuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_Presencia" title="Nueva Presencia">Nueva Presencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero_(art)" title="Zero (art)">ZERO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happening" title="Happening">Happening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Dada" title="Neo-Dada">Neo-Dada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Dada_Organizers" title="Neo-Dada Organizers">Neo-Dada Organizers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Op_art" title="Op art">Op art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouveau_r%C3%A9alisme" title="Nouveau réalisme">Nouveau réalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_tendance" title="Nouvelle tendance">Nouvelle tendance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalist_realism" title="Capitalist realism">Capitalist realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_%26_Language" title="Art & Language">Art & Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_Povera" title="Arte Povera">Arte Povera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Arts_Movement" title="Black Arts Movement">Black Arts Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Caribbean_Artists_Movement" title="The Caribbean Artists Movement">The Caribbean Artists Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_art_movement" title="Chicano art movement">Chicano art movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptual_art" title="Conceptual art">Conceptual art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_art" title="Land art">Land art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_art" title="Systems art">Systems art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_art" title="Video art">Video art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalism_(visual_arts)" title="Minimalism (visual arts)">Minimalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluxus" title="Fluxus">Fluxus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generative_art" title="Generative art">Generative art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-painterly_abstraction" title="Post-painterly abstraction">Post-painterly abstraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermedia" title="Intermedia">Intermedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_art" title="Psychedelic art">Psychedelic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_Art" title="Nut Art">Nut Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photorealism" title="Photorealism">Photorealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_art" title="Environmental art">Environmental art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performance_art" title="Performance art">Performance art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_art" title="Process art">Process art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_critique" class="mw-redirect" title="Institutional critique">Institutional critique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_and_Space" title="Light and Space">Light and Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_art" title="Street art">Street art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_art_movement" title="Feminist art movement">Feminist art movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_art_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Feminist art movement in the United States">in the US</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_modern_and_contemporary_art#Saqqakhaneh_movement" title="Iranian modern and contemporary art">Saqqakhaneh movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Stars_Art_Group" title="The Stars Art Group">The Stars Art Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropic%C3%A1lia" title="Tropicália">Tropicália</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoru_no_Kai" title="Yoru no Kai">Yoru no Kai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_art" title="Artificial intelligence art">Artificial intelligence art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1970–1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-conceptual_art" title="Post-conceptual art">Post-conceptual art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Installation_art" title="Installation art">Installation art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artscene" class="mw-redirect" title="Artscene">Artscene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postminimalism" title="Postminimalism">Postminimalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endurance_art" title="Endurance art">Endurance art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sots_Art" title="Sots Art">Sots Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Conceptualists" title="Moscow Conceptualists">Moscow Conceptualists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattern_and_Decoration" title="Pattern and Decoration">Pattern and Decoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pliontanism" title="Pliontanism">Pliontanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_visual_art" title="Punk visual art">Punk art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-expressionism" title="Neo-expressionism">Neo-expressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transavantgarde" title="Transavantgarde">Transavantgarde</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_art#Saint_Soleil_School" title="Haitian art">Saint Soleil school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_art" title="Guerrilla art">Guerrilla art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowbrow_(art_movement)" title="Lowbrow (art movement)">Lowbrow art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telematic_art" title="Telematic art">Telematic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appropriation_(art)" title="Appropriation (art)">Appropriation art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-conceptual_art" title="Neo-conceptual art">Neo-conceptual art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_European_Painting" title="New European Painting">New European Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_collaborative_painting" title="Tunisian collaborative painting">Tunisian collaborative painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis_Group" title="Memphis Group">Memphis Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberdelic" title="Cyberdelic">Cyberdelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neue_Slowenische_Kunst" title="Neue Slowenische Kunst">Neue Slowenische Kunst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scratch_video" title="Scratch video">Scratch video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retrofuturism" title="Retrofuturism">Retrofuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_British_Artists" title="Young British Artists">Young British Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superfiction" title="Superfiction">Superfiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taring_Padi" title="Taring Padi">Taring Padi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superflat" title="Superflat">Superflat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Leipzig_School" title="New Leipzig School">New Leipzig school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artist-run_initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Artist-run initiative">Artist-run initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artivism" title="Artivism">Artivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Designers_Republic" title="The Designers Republic">The Designers Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grunge#Graphic_design" title="Grunge">Grunge design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdadism" title="Verdadism">Verdadism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">2000–<br />present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazonian_pop_art" title="Amazonian pop art">Amazonian pop art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altermodern" title="Altermodern">Altermodern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_for_art" title="Art for art">Art for art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_game" title="Art game">Art game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_intervention" title="Art intervention">Art intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandalism" title="Brandalism">Brandalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Realism" title="Classical Realism">Classical Realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_African_art" title="Contemporary African art">Contemporary African art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africanfuturism" title="Africanfuturism">Africanfuturism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Indigenous_Australian_art" title="Contemporary Indigenous Australian art">Contemporary Indigenous Australian art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-fungible_token#Digital_art" title="Non-fungible token">Crypto art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyborg_art" title="Cyborg art">Cyborg art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excessivism" title="Excessivism">Excessivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fictive_art" title="Fictive art">Fictive art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_design" title="Flat design">Flat design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_Memphis" title="Corporate Memphis">Corporate Memphis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypermodernism_(art)" title="Hypermodernism (art)">Hypermodernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperrealism_(visual_arts)" title="Hyperrealism (visual arts)">Hyperrealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idea_art" title="Idea art">Idea art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_art" title="Internet art">Internet art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-Internet" title="Post-Internet">Post-Internet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_art" title="IPhone art">iPhone art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitsch_movement" title="Kitsch movement">Kitsch movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightpainting" title="Lightpainting">Lightpainting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massurrealism" title="Massurrealism">Massurrealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_European_ink_painting" title="Modern European ink painting">Modern European ink painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-futurism" title="Neo-futurism">Neo-futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neomodern#Artist_group" title="Neomodern">Neomodern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neosymbolism" title="Neosymbolism">Neosymbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passionism" title="Passionism">Passionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-YBAs" title="Post-YBAs">Post-YBAs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relational_art" title="Relational art">Relational art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skeuomorph#In_design" title="Skeuomorph">Skeuomorphism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_art" title="Software art">Software art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_art" title="Sound art">Sound art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuckism" title="Stuckism">Stuckism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superflat" title="Superflat">Superflat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SoFlo_Superflat" title="SoFlo Superflat">SoFlo Superflat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstroke" title="Superstroke">Superstroke</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyism" title="Toyism">Toyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unilalianism" title="Unilalianism">Unilalianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_Artists_Network" title="Walking Artists Network">Walking Artists Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EAE0C8;;width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_art" title="History of art">History of art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_art" title="Abstract art">Abstract art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asemic_writing" title="Asemic writing">Asemic writing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-art" title="Anti-art">Anti-art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">Avant-garde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballets_Russes" title="Ballets Russes">Ballets Russes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_art" title="Christian art">Christian art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_in_the_Protestant_Reformation_and_Counter-Reformation" title="Art in the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation">Art in the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_art" title="Catholic art">Catholic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">Icon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_art" title="Lutheran art">Lutheran art</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_art" title="Digital art">Digital art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_art" title="Fantastic art">Fantastic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_art" title="Folk art">Folk art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_genres" title="Hierarchy of genres">Hierarchy of genres</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genre_painting" title="Genre painting">Genre painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_painting" title="History painting">History painting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illuminated_manuscript" title="Illuminated manuscript">Illuminated manuscript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illustration" title="Illustration">Illustration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interactive_art" title="Interactive art">Interactive art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_art" title="Jewish art">Jewish art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitsch" title="Kitsch">Kitsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landscape_painting" title="Landscape painting">Landscape painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_sculpture" title="Modern sculpture">Modern sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late_modernism" title="Late modernism">Late modernism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na%C3%AFve_art" title="Naïve art">Naïve art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outsider_art" title="Outsider art">Outsider art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portrait" title="Portrait">Portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_art#Europe" title="Prehistoric art">Prehistoric European art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_art" title="Queer art">Queer art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realism_(arts)" title="Realism (arts)">Realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_art" title="Shock art">Shock art</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trompe-l%27%C5%93il" title="Trompe-l'œil">Trompe-l'œil</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_painting" title="Western painting">Western painting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#EAE0C8;"><div> <ul><li><span 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