CINXE.COM
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns:fb="http://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml" xmlns:og="http://opengraphprotocol.org/schema/" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <!-- chartbeat --> <script type="text/javascript">var _sf_startpt=(new Date()).getTime()</script> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <title class="instapaper_title">Yahoo » Encyclo » Nieman Journalism Lab</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.niemanlab.org/wordpress/wp-content/themes/Labby/encyclostyles.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.niemanlab.org/wordpress/wp-content/themes/Labby/niemanlab-shared.css" type="text/css" /> <!-- Here's a stylesheet that will only be applied by IE6 --> <!--[if IE 6]> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.niemanlab.org/wordpress/wp-content/themes/Labby/encyclostyles-ie6.css" type="text/css"> <![endif]--> <!-- Here's a stylesheet that will only be applied by IE7 --> <!--[if IE 7]> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.niemanlab.org/wordpress/wp-content/themes/Labby/encyclostyles-ie7.css" type="text/css"> <![endif]--> <!-- Here's a stylesheet that will only be applied by IE8 --> <!--[if IE 8]> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.niemanlab.org/wordpress/wp-content/themes/Labby/encyclostyles-ie8.css" type="text/css"> <![endif]--> <!-- Here's a stylesheet that will only be applied by IE9 --> <!--[if IE 9]> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.niemanlab.org/wordpress/wp-content/themes/Labby/encyclostyles-ie9.css" type="text/css"> <![endif]--> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//ajax.googleapis.com' /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/www.niemanlab.org\/wordpress\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.7"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <style id='co-authors-plus-coauthors-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow [class*=wp-block-co-authors-plus]{display:inline} </style> <style id='co-authors-plus-avatar-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar :where(img){height:auto;max-width:100%;vertical-align:bottom}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow .wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar :where(img){vertical-align:middle}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar:is(.alignleft,.alignright){display:table}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar.aligncenter{display:table;margin-inline:auto} </style> <style id='co-authors-plus-image-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-co-authors-plus-image{margin-bottom:0}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image :where(img){height:auto;max-width:100%;vertical-align:bottom}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow .wp-block-co-authors-plus-image :where(img){vertical-align:middle}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image:is(.alignfull,.alignwide) :where(img){width:100%}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image:is(.alignleft,.alignright){display:table}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image.aligncenter{display:table;margin-inline:auto} </style> <style id='qsm-quiz-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> </style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <script type="text/javascript" src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.10.1/jquery.min.js?ver=1.10.1" id="jquery-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.niemanlab.org/wp-json/" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://www.niemanlab.org/wordpress/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/yahoo/" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://www.niemanlab.org/?p=34635' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://www.niemanlab.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.niemanlab.org%2Fencyclo%2Fyahoo%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://www.niemanlab.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.niemanlab.org%2Fencyclo%2Fyahoo%2F&format=xml" /> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(document).ready(function(){ $(".tweetable").hover( function(){ if ($(this).data('vis') != true) { $(this).data('vis', true); $(this).find('.sharebuttons').fadeIn(200); } }, function(){ if ($(this).data('vis') === true) { $(this).find('.sharebuttons').clearQueue().delay(0).fadeOut(200); $(this).data('vis', false); $(this).data('leftSet', false); } }); }); </script> <style> .tweetable {position: relative;} .tweetable a { text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px dotted #ed2e24; color: #333; background: whitesmoke; } .tweetable a:hover { text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px dotted #ed2e24; color: #ed2e24;} .sharebuttons {display: none; position: absolute; top: -30px; left: 0px; z-index: 101; width: 55px; background: #ed2e24; color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 3px; height: 20px; padding: 5px; text-align: center; font-family: 'helvetica neue', helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; } .sharebuttons a { color: whitesmoke; background: #ed2e24; border: 0; } .sharebuttons a:hover { color: whitesmoke; background: #ed2e24; border: 0; } .sharebuttons span.brand a {font-size: 10px; color: whitesmoke; text-decoration:none; display: block; padding: 0 0 0 25px; margin: 0; border: none; height: 12px; } </style> <style type="text/css"> ol.footnotes li {list-style-type:decimal;} ol.footnotes{font-size:0.8em; color:#666666;} </style> <script type='text/javascript' src='http://www.niemanlab.org/wordpress/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.js?ver=1.3.2'></script> <!-- rss and pingbacks --> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://feeds.feedburner.com/NiemanJournalismLab/" title="Nieman Lab latest posts" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://www.niemanlab.org/comments/feed/" title="Nieman Lab latest comments" /> <link rel="pingback" href="https://www.niemanlab.org/wordpress/xmlrpc.php" /> <!-- for facebook --> <!-- last mod from dbb: Array ( [profile_image_url] => http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1176155649547350017/PgDayX_-_normal.jpg [last_modified] => 1582601945 ) --><!-- 149427013, creating/updating cache --><!-- Twitter responded with 401 --> <meta property="og:title" content="Yahoo » Encyclo » Nieman Journalism Lab"/> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="og:image" content="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1176155649547350017/PgDayX_-_reasonably_small.jpg"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/yahoo/"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Nieman Lab"/> <meta property="fb:page_id" content="29057838653"/> <!-- for proper width on ios devices --> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1060" /> <!-- for mint --> <script src="/mint/?js" type="text/javascript"></script> <!-- print stylesheet --> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/layout/print.css" type="text/css" media="print" /> <!-- for typekit --> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://use.typekit.com/lru6tqb.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">try{Typekit.load();}catch(e){}</script> </head><body> <!-- the package --> <div id="package"> <!-- cross-site nav --> <div id="stripaboveheader"> <div id="stripaboveheaderinner"> <div id="stripaboveheadermenu"> <a href="http://www.niemanlab.org/"><img src="https://www.niemanlab.org/wordpress/wp-content/themes/Labby/resources/niemanlab-topstrip-logo.png" width="196" height="14" align="left" class="stripaboveheaderflag" /></a> <div class="stripaboveheaderrightside"> <a href="http://www.niemanlab.org/about/">about</a> / <a href="http://www.niemanlab.org/archives/">archives</a> / <a href="http://www.niemanlab.org/contact/">contact</a> / <a href="http://www.niemanlab.org/subscribe/">subscribe</a> / <a href="http://twitter.com/niemanlab">twitter</a> <form method="get" id="stripaboveheadersearch" action="http://www.niemanlab.org/"><input type="text" name="s" value="" name="s" id="s" /> <input type="submit" class="stripaboveheadersearchbutton" id="searchsubmit" value="SEARCH" /></form></div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- the header --> <div id="encycloheader"> <div id="encycloheaderinner"> <div id="encycloheaderflag"> <a href="http://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/"><img src="https://www.niemanlab.org/wordpress/wp-content/themes/Labby/resources/encyclo-flag11.png" height="126" width="900" alt="Encyclo / Nieman Journalism Lab" style="margin-bottom:8px"></a> <div id="encycloheadernav"><ul> <li><a href="http://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/">Encyclo home</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.niemanlab.org/about-encyclo/">About</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo-search/">Search entries</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.niemanlab.org/improve-encyclo/">Make Encyclo better</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/detroit-free-press-and-detroit-news/">Encyclo roulette</a></li> </ul></div> <div style="clear: both;"></div> </div> </div> <!-- encycloheaderinner --> </div> <!-- encycloheader --> <!-- Added 11/3/10: This element will ONLY appear on printed pages. --> <!-- <div id="njlPrintLogo"> <img src="/layout/nieman_flag_trans.png" height="34" width="524" /> </div> --> <div id="encycloheadertrianglewrapper"> <!-- content container starts --> <div id="container"> <div class="encycloheadertriangleleft"></div> <div id="container-inner"> <!-- main (left) bar starts --> <div id="encyclomainbar"> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(document).ready(function() { jQuery(".encyclo-altentry-sharing-wrapper").hide(); jQuery(".encyclo-altentry-sharing-trigger").click(function() { jQuery(this).next(".encyclo-altentry-sharing-wrapper").slideToggle(500); }); }); </script> <div class="encyclo-altentry-sharing-trigger"><a href="#"></a></div> <div class="encyclo-altentry-sharing-wrapper"> <div class="encyclo-altentry-sharing"> <div class="encyclo-altentry-sharing-chunk-1"> <div class="encyclo-section-header-naked" style="padding-bottom: 10px;">Share this entry</div> <a href="http://twitter.com/share" style="padding-bottom: 50px;" class="twitter-share-button" data-count="horizontal" data-via="niemanlab">Tweet</a><script type="text/javascript" src="http://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js"></script> <div style="margin:15px;"></div> <iframe src="http://www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php?href=https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/yahoo/&send=false&layout=button_count&width=150&show_faces=false&action=like&colorscheme=light&font&height=21" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="border:none; overflow:hidden; width:150px; height:21px;" allowTransparency="true"></iframe> <div style="margin:15px;"></div> <iframe src="http://www.instapaper.com/e2?url=https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/yahoo/&title=Yahoo:%20Encyclo:%20Nieman%20Journalism%20Lab&description=" width="100" height="50" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="border:none; overflow:hidden; width:150px; height:21px;" allowTransparency="true"></iframe> </div> <div class="encyclo-altentry-sharing-chunk-2"> <div class="encyclo-section-header-naked">Make this entry better</div> <p>What are we missing? Is there a key link we skipped, or a part of the story we got wrong?</p> <p><a href="http://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/improve/">Let us know</a> — we’re counting on you to help Encyclo get better.</p> </div> <div class="encyclo-altentry-sharing-chunk-3"> <div class="encyclo-section-header-naked">Put Encyclo on your site</div> Embed this Encyclo entry in your blog or webpage by copying this code into your HTML:<br /><br /> <textarea rows="4" cols="20"><iframe src="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/yahoo/?widg=mini" class="encycloembed" width="256" height="140" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" align="right" style="margin:10px 0px 10px 20px;"></iframe></textarea> </div> </div> <div style="clear: both;"></div> </div> <div class="encyclo-altentry-wrapper"> <!-- start flow of entries --> <!-- start the loop --> <div id="encycloentryheadertopper"></div> <div id="encyclo-altentry-header"> <div class="encycloheadline-wrapper"> <!-- last mod from dbb: Array ( [profile_image_url] => http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1176155649547350017/PgDayX_-_normal.jpg [last_modified] => 1582601945 ) --><!-- 149427014, creating/updating cache --><!-- Twitter responded with 401 --><img src="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1176155649547350017/PgDayX_-_bigger.jpg" width="73" height="73" alt="Yahoo logo" class="encycloheaderimage2" /> <a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/yahoo/" class="encycloheadline2" rel="bookmark">Yahoo</a> </div> <!-- encycloheadline-wrapper --> </div> <!-- encyclo-altentry-header --> <div id="encycloblockbelowheader"> <!-- THE PINBOARD PULL --> <div class="encycloleftnarrativewing"> <div class="encyclo-section-header">Key links:</div> <div class="encyclo-section-header" style="font-size: .9em;">Primary website:<br /> <a href="http://news.yahoo.com/">news.yahoo.com</a></div> <div class="encyclo-section-header" style="font-size: .9em;">Primary Twitter:<br /><a href="http://twitter.com/YahooNews">@YahooNews</a></div> <div class="encycloactionbutton"><a href="https://pinboard.in/u:niemanlab/t:yahoonews/">All key links »</a></div><br /> </div> <!-- THE NARRATIVE --> <div class="encyclonarrative instapaper_body"> <div class="encyclowarning" style="border: 5px solid #800000; padding: 15px; margin: 10px 0 25px; background: whitesmoke;"><strong>Editor’s Note</strong>: Encyclo has not been regularly updated since August 2014, so information posted here is likely to be out of date and may be no longer accurate. It’s best used as a snapshot of the media landscape at that point in time.</div> <div class="beforemore"><p><a href="http://news.yahoo.com/">Yahoo News</a> is an aggregator of news from major media outlets, though it produces some original content of its own.</p> <p>Yahoo News is the <a href="http://www.poynter.org/latest-news/romenesko/131916/yahoo-grew-unique-visitors-in-april-while-new-york-times-others-declined/">web’s most popular news site</a>, with more than 88 million unique visitors in the month of April 2011. Yahoo, the search engine, web portal, and parent of Yahoo News, is the <a href="http://www.alexa.com/topsites">fourth-most-visited site on the web</a> overall. As of 2012, it was the <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/23/business/media/yahoos-big-question-for-mayer-what-is-it.html?pagewanted=all">most-trafficked news site in 10 content categories</a>, including news, finance, sports, and entertainment.</p> <p>Yahoo News uses a <a href="http://www.ojr.org/ojr/stories/050331glaser/">combination</a> of computer algorithms and human editing to determine its news aggregation. The site has longtime <a href="http://finance.yahoo.com/news/Yahoo-keeps-AP-in-its-content-apf-2218452129.html?x=0&.v=2">content-providing partnerships</a> with the Associated Press and other news wires.</p> <p>Yahoo also has made agreements with other news organizations, including an <a href="http://mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/10/03/abc-news-and-yahoo-news-announce-deal-to-share-content/">extensive content-sharing partnership</a> with ABC News formed in 2011, along with a <a href="http://ycorpblog.com/2007/03/28/foreign-correspondence-for-yahoo-news/">foreign-news partnership</a> with the McClatchy newspaper chain and the NGO newsgatherer <a href="http://www.niemanlab.org/2009/12/bringing-ngo-news-into-the-mainstream-the-case-of-oneworld-net-and-yahoo-news/">OneWorld.net</a>. In 2013, it <a href="http://news.cnet.com/8301-1023_3-57582013-93/yahoo-rolls-out-six-original-shows-and-new-tv-partnerships/">added video partnerships</a> with Conde Nast and WWE and announced it would produce several web shows. As of 2012, the videos co-produced by ABC and Yahoo <a href="http://www.poynter.org/latest-news/mediawire/190827/one-year-in-abcyahoo-news-partnership-holds-largest-web-audience/">reportedly accounted for nearly half</a> of the general news videos watched online. It has also bought other news-related companies, such as the news aggregator <a href="http://paidcontent.org/article/419-yahoo-acquires-news-aggregator-site-buzztracker-expanding-yahoo-news-in/">BuzzTracker</a> in 2007 and the online content producer <a href="http://newsonomics.com/yahoos-buy-of-associated-content-makes-it-a-publisher-syndicator-wire-ad-rep-and-more/">Associated Content</a> (since <a href="http://www.webpronews.com/yahoo-voices-associated-content-2011-12">integrated into Yahoo Voices</a>), social sports site <a href="http://paidcontent.org/article/419-yahoo-buys-social-sports-startup-citizen-sports/">Citizen Sports</a> in 2010, and contextual mobile app <a href="http://yahoo.tumblr.com/post/72586113060/aviate-now-yahoo">Aviate</a> in 2014.</p> </div><div class="readmoretrigger encycloactionbutton instapaper_ignore"><a name="#">Keep reading »</a></div><div class="aftermore"><a name="below"></a><p>Yahoo produces some of its own news content. In 2006 it <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/04/technology/04yahoo.html">launched</a> the citizen journalism site <a href="http://news.yahoo.com/you-witness-news">You Witness News</a>. It also hired numerous columns and bloggers for specialty sites like <a href="http://finance.yahoo.com/">Yahoo Finance</a> and <a href="http://sports.yahoo.com/">Yahoo Sports</a>, which is the <a href="http://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Daily/Issues/2012/02/08/Media/Comscores.aspx">most popular sports site</a> on the web. In 2013, it <a href="http://www.capitalnewyork.com/article/media/2013/11/8536625/katie-couric-yahoo-deal-we-are-going-try-things">hired former CBS News anchor Katie Couric</a> as its global anchor and <a href="http://news.cnet.com/8301-1023_3-57608455-93/yahoo-poaches-new-york-times-tech-writer-david-pogue/">longtime New York Times tech columnist David Pogue</a> to headline its expanded tech coverage. It also <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/23/business/media/yahoo-picks-nbc-veteran-as-investigative-reporter.html">hired NBC’s Michael Isikoff</a> as an investigative reporter.</p> <p>Yahoo also runs a video newsmagazine program initially called The Insider, but <a href="http://thenextweb.com/insider/2012/10/23/yahoo-teams-with-cbs-launches-omg-insider/">renamed omg! Insider</a> in 2013. The show is distributed through CBS.</p> <p>In 2009 and 2010, Yahoo began making a similar push into original content in Yahoo News, <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/31/technology/31yahoo.html">hiring several prominent journalists</a>, opening a Washington bureau, and launching The Upshot network of blogs, covering politics, national affairs, media, and foreign policy. Yahoo said its blogs generated more than <a href="http://ycorpblog.com/2011/03/10/the-envoy/">550 million pageviews</a> in February 2011. In 2013, Yahoo was <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/heres-why-marissa-mayer-is-about-to-spend-200-million-on-a-youtube-wannabe-2013-3?op=1">reported to be moving away</a> from original content in favor of user-generated material.</p> <p>In 2013, Yahoo <a href="http://allthingsd.com/20130325/yahoo-paid-30-million-in-cash-for-18-months-of-young-summly-entrepreneurs-time/">bought the news-summarizing app Summly</a>, with plans to fold it and incorporate its algorithm into its mobile technology. Summly ended up becoming the foundation for <a href="http://www.theverge.com/2014/1/7/5284300/yahoos-sleek-news-digest-app-swims-against-the-stream">Yahoo News Digest</a>, a twice-daily news app introduced in 2014.</p> <p>In 2006, Yahoo began a local advertising partnership with seven newspaper companies then known as <a href="http://www.npconsortium.com/">The Newspaper Consortium</a>. The Consortium began with an agreement with MediaNews and Belo newspapers and now <a href="http://www.npconsortium.com/members.php">comprises</a> 30 newspaper companies representing nearly 800 newspapers. The <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/20/technology/20yahoo.html">agreement</a> allowed Yahoo to sell national advertising across the papers’ websites and allowed the papers to use Yahoo search and share its ad revenue. Yahoo also had an advertising agreement with <a href="http://www.adweek.com/news/technology/yahoo-gannett-expand-local-ad-tie-134531">all of Gannett</a>, covering all of its publishing and broadcast properties.</p> <p>The Consortium went into hiatus after 2011, then was <a href="http://www.poynter.org/latest-news/business-news/the-biz-blog/225463/newspapers-ad-consortium-with-yahoo-reboots/">relaunched in 2013</a> as the Local Media Consortium, but no longer with an exclusive partnership with Yahoo. In 2014, the Consortium <a href="http://www.niemanlab.org/2014/02/local-media-outlets-band-together-in-a-private-ad-network-with-google/">signed a partnership with Google</a>.</p> <p>Part of the Consortium arrangement had involved newspapers’ ability to use Yahoo’s HotJobs to power local classified ads. Yahoo sold HotJobs to the job-search site Monster in February 2010, but it <a href="http://paidcontent.org/article/419-yahoo-looks-to-assure-newspaper-partners-that-hot-jobs-sale-will-have-b/">reassured newspapers</a> that they would be able to continue working with HotJobs after the sale.</p> <p>Yahoo <a href="http://www.fastcompany.com/1781975/why-yahoo-isn-t-embedding-content-on-facebook">began integrating Facebook’s features</a> onto its website in September 2011, with <a href="https://developers.facebook.com/blog/post/603/">more than 10 million Facebook users</a> activating the integrated features within two months. In November 2011, it launched <a href="http://mashable.com/2011/11/02/yahoo-livestand/">Livestand</a>, a personalized news app for the iPad. The app was commonly <a href="http://mashable.com/2011/11/02/yahoo-livestand/">compared to Flipboard</a> at its launch. Livestand was <a href="http://thenextweb.com/insider/2012/05/25/failed-experiment-yahoo-closes-its-flipboard-clone-livestand-after-one-year/">shut down</a> in May 2012.</p> <p>Yahoo <a href="http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/02/20/marissa-mayer-puts-her-stamp-on-yahoo-com/">redesigned its homepage</a> in 2013 to emphasize <a href="http://www.businessweek.com/news/2013-02-20/yahoo-revamps-home-page-with-facebook-powered-social-content">personalization and sharing</a>, adding a personalized scrolling news feed that <a href="http://yodel.yahoo.com/blogs/general/yahoo-delivers-bestoftheweb-160346039.html">included Twitter updates</a>. It also <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/21/technology/social-media-is-moving-into-creativity-like-tumblr.html?pagewanted=all">purchased the social blogging site Tumblr</a> later that year.</p> </div><div class="readlesstrigger encycloactionbutton instapaper_ignore"><a name="#">Show less »</a></div> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(document).ready(function() { jQuery(".aftermore").hide(); jQuery(".readlesstrigger").hide(); jQuery(".readmoretrigger").click(function() { jQuery(this).next(".aftermore").slideToggle(500); jQuery(".readmoretrigger").toggle(); jQuery(".readlesstrigger").toggle(); }); jQuery(".readlesstrigger").click(function() { jQuery(".aftermore").slideToggle(500); jQuery(".readmoretrigger").toggle(); jQuery(".readlesstrigger").toggle(); }); }); </script> </div> </div> <div id="encycloentrymiddlestrip"> <div id="encycloentrymiddlestriptext"> <div class="encyclo-pac-title"><strong>Peers, allies, & competitors</strong>:</div> <div class="encyclo-pac-list"> <em><a class="pac-have-encyclo" href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/google/">Google</a></em>, <em><a class="pac-have-encyclo" href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/aol/">AOL</a></em>, <em><a class="pac-have-encyclo" href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/huffington-post/">The Huffington Post</a></em> <br /> </div> <div style="clear: both;"></div> </div> </div> <!-- LAB STORIES PULL --> <div id="encycloleftcolumn"> <div class="lab-stories-pull"> <div class="encyclo-section-header">Recent Nieman Lab coverage:</div> <div class="lab-stories-pull-datesource">May 3, 2021 / Joshua Benton</div><div class="lab-stories-pull-summary"><strong><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/2021/05/someone-new-thinks-they-can-make-yahoo-and-aol-good-businesses-in-2021/">Someone new thinks they can make Yahoo and AOL good businesses in 2021</a></strong> — Yahoo and AOL have been boring for so long that it can be hard to remember why (if?) they were ever interesting. But there was a time when they were truly the kings of the web — one connecting people to the internet, t...</div><div class="lab-stories-pull-datesource">March 10, 2021 / Sarah Scire</div><div class="lab-stories-pull-summary"><strong><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/2021/03/how-yahoo-news-reached-1-million-followers-on-tiktok-in-1-year/">How Yahoo News reached 1 million followers on TikTok in 1 year</a></strong> — Picture Yahoo users and you probably envision a group that’s older and a bit less digitally savvy than those relying on, say, Google’s suite. (The research says you’re not wrong.) On TikTok, in contrast...</div><div class="lab-stories-pull-datesource">Aug. 15, 2018 / Christine Schmidt</div><div class="lab-stories-pull-summary"><strong><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/08/major-internet-companies-might-want-to-push-their-own-point-of-view-but-can-they-also-take-care-of-misinformation-please-and-thank-you/">Major internet companies might want to push their own point of view, but can they also take care of misinformation please and thank you</a></strong> — So we all heard Facebook’s view on the role that major companies play in deciding who gets what news. (Really, no need to say it twice.) But what does your average Mark or Campbell think? According to a new survey ...</div><div class="lab-stories-pull-datesource">Nov. 17, 2017 / Ricardo Bilton</div><div class="lab-stories-pull-summary"><strong><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/2017/11/bad-news-from-mashable-buzzfeed-and-vice-shows-times-are-rough-for-ad-supported-digital-media/">Bad news from Mashable, BuzzFeed, and Vice shows times are rough for ad-supported digital media</a></strong> — Thursday was a rough day for digital media. Within hours, a series of reports, some unofficial and others confirmed, underscored a bitter reality that’s become increasingly harder to avoid: Not even the biggest dig...</div><div class="lab-stories-pull-datesource">Aug. 25, 2017 / Laura Hazard Owen</div><div class="lab-stories-pull-summary"><strong><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/2017/08/verizons-oath-is-tapping-users-comments-across-its-platforms-to-find-news-trends/">Verizon’s Oath is tapping users’ comments across its platforms to find news trends</a></strong> — Oath (which, I’d forgive you for forgetting, is Verizon’s new digital division, post Yahoo/AOL merger, consisting of all these brands) is trying to look across its news sites to find patterns in user behavior...</div> <div class="encycloactionbutton"><a href="http://www.niemanlab.org/tag/yahoo/">All Lab posts on Yahoo »</a></div><br /> </div> <!--lab-stories-pull--> </div> <!--encycloleftcolumn--> <!-- MEDIAGAZER PULL; NEED TO FIX MEDIAGAZER QUOTES ISSUE --> <div id="encyclorightcolumn"> <div class="mediagazer-pull"> <div class="encyclo-section-header">Recently around the web, from Mediagazer:</div> <div class="encycloactionbutton"><a href="http://mediagazer.com/search/query?q=%22yahoo news%22">All Mediagazer posts on Yahoo »</a></div><br /> </div> <!--mediagazer-pull--> </div> <div id="encycloentryfooter"> <div id="encycloentryfootertext"> <strong>Primary author</strong>: Mark Coddington. <strong>Main text last updated</strong>: July 3, 2014.<br /> </div> </div> </div> <!--encyclomainbar-inner--> <div class="encyclo-altentry-improvebar"> <div class="encyclo-altentry-improvebar-chunk-1"> <div class="encyclo-section-header-naked">Make this entry better</div> <script type="text/javascript">var submitted=false;</script> <iframe name="hidden_iframe" id="hidden_iframe" style="display:none;" onload="if(submitted){window.location='http://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo-improve-thanks/';}"></iframe> <form action="https://spreadsheets.google.com/spreadsheet/formResponse?formkey=dHlvX3hwbVE2aXJQRksyd3VZc1ltTlE6MQ&embedded=true&ifq" method="post" target="hidden_iframe" onsubmit="submitted=true;"> <div class="encyclo-improve-single-questiontext">How could this entry improve? What's missing, unclear, or wrong?</div> <textarea name="entry.0.single" class="encyclo-improve-single-longinput" id="entry_0"></textarea> <div style="clear: both;"></div> <div class="encyclo-improve-single-question1"> <div class="encyclo-improve-single-questiontext">Name (optional)</div> <input type="text" name="entry.2.single" value="" class="encyclo-improve-single-shortinput" id="entry_2"/> </div> <div class="encyclo-improve-single-question2"> <div class="encyclo-improve-single-questiontext">Email (optional)</div> <input type="text" name="entry.3.single" value="" class="encyclo-improve-single-shortinput" id="entry_3"/> </div> <div style="clear: both;"></div> <input type="hidden" name="entry.4.single" value="Yahoo" id="entry_4"/> <input type="hidden" name="pageNumber" value="0"/><input type="hidden" name="backupCache" value=""/> <input type="submit" name="submit" value="Submit" class="encyclo-improve-single-button"/></form> </div> <div class="encyclo-altentry-improvebar-chunk-2"> <div class="encyclo-section-header-naked encyclo-improvebar-headline">Explore: <a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/franklin-center-for-government-and-public-integrity/" rel="bookmark">Franklin Center</a></div> <div class="encyclo-improvebar-excerpt"><!-- last mod from dbb: Array ( [profile_image_url] => http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000123838102/8b43a16fa8dec02755be18e81d8d2554_normal.jpeg [last_modified] => 1580353353 ) --><!-- 151675606, creating/updating cache --><!-- Twitter responded with 401 --><img src="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000123838102/8b43a16fa8dec02755be18e81d8d2554_bigger.jpeg" width="73" height="73" alt="Franklin Center logo" class="encyclo-fourwidepromo-image" /><p>The Franklin Center for Government & Public Integrity is a nonprofit organization that focuses on investigative reporting at state and local levels. The center, based in Bismarck, N.D., was founded in 2009 by the Sam Adams Alliance, a conservative thinktank, and several of its employees have come from positions in conservative publications and political offices,…</p> </div> </div> <div style="clear: both;"></div> </div> <!--encyclo-altentry-improvebar--> <div class="encyclo-altentry-bottombar"> <div class="encyclo-altentry-bottombar-chunk-1"> <div class="encyclo-section-header-naked">Put Encyclo on your site</div> Embed this Encyclo entry in your blog or webpage by copying this code into your HTML:<br /><br /> <textarea rows="4" cols="20" id="encyclo-embed-bottom"><iframe src="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/yahoo/?widg=mini" class="encycloembed" width="256" height="140" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" align="right" style="margin:10px 0px 10px 20px;"></iframe></textarea> </div> <div class="encyclo-altentry-bottombar-chunk-2"> <div class="encyclo-section-header-naked">Recently updated entries</div> <a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/corporation-for-public-broadcasting/">Corporation for Public Broadcasting</a> • <a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/tribune-publishing/">Tribune Publishing</a> • <a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/upworthy/">Upworthy</a> • <a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/e-w-scripps/">E.W. Scripps</a> • <a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/quartz/">Quartz</a> • <a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/facebook/">Facebook</a> • <a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/cnn/">CNN</a> • <a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/new-haven-independent/">New Haven Independent</a> • <a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/everyblock/">EveryBlock</a> • <a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/guardian/">The Guardian</a> • <a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/sports-illustrated/">Sports Illustrated</a> • <a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/time/">Time</a> • <a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/al-jazeera/">Al Jazeera</a> • <a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/conde-nast/">Conde Nast</a> • <a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/newsweek/">Newsweek</a> • </div> <div class="encyclo-altentry-bottombar-chunk-3"> <a href="http://www.knightfoundation.org/"><img src="http://www.niemanlab.org/images/knight-foundation-logo-for-encyclo.png" width="250" height="55" style="padding-bottom: 40px;"/></a> <div style="font-style: italic; font-size: 1.3em;">Encyclo is made possible by a grant from the Knight Foundation.</div> </div> <div style="clear: both;"></div> </div> </div> </div> <!--encyclomainbar--> <!-- close down content block --> </div> <!-- container-inner --> <div class="encycloheadertriangleright"></div> </div> <!-- container --> </div> <!-- trianglewrapper --> </div> <!-- container --> <!-- and the footer --> <div id="footer3"> <div id="footer3-inner" > <div id="footer3-leftcol"> <div class="footer3-contentblock"> <div class="fakecaps footer-header">Latest in the Lab</div> <div class="footer3-latest-story"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/2024/11/trumps-new-fcc-nominee-promises-to-bring-project-2025-style-governance-to-media/">Trump’s new FCC nominee promises to bring Project 2025-style governance to media</a></strong></div> <div class="fakecaps footer-bottomtease"><a href="http://www.niemanlab.org/">See recent posts »</a></div> </div> <div class="footer3-contentblock"> <div class="fakecaps footer-header">From @niemanlab</div> <div class="footer3-latest-story"> </div> <div class="fakecaps footer-bottomtease"><a href="http://twitter.com/niemanlab">See latest tweets »</a></div> </div> </div> <div id="footer3-rightcol"> <div class="footer3-contentblock"> <div class="footer3-bigger">The Nieman Journalism Lab is a collaborative attempt to figure out how quality journalism can survive and thrive in the Internet age.</div> <div class="fakecaps footer-bottomtease"><a href="http://www.niemanlab.org/about/">Learn more »</a></div> <div class="fakecaps footer-bottomtease footer-contact"><a href="http://www.niemanlab.org/contact/">Contact us »</a></div> </div> <div class="footer3-contentblock-bottom fakecaps"> <img src="https://www.niemanlab.org/wordpress/wp-content/themes/Labby/resources/harvard_40.png" class="footer3-leftimage" />Some rights reserved. <a href="http://www.niemanlab.org/about/#copyright">Copyright information »</a> </div> <div style="clear: both;"></div> </div> <div style="clear: both;"></div> </div> <!-- footer3-inner --> </div> <!-- footer3 --> <!-- close it out --> <script type="text/javascript"> var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www."); document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E")); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-6019584-1"); pageTracker._trackPageview(); pageTracker._trackPageLoadTime(); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var _sf_async_config={uid:16892,domain:"niemanlab.org"}; (function(){ function loadChartbeat() { window._sf_endpt=(new Date()).getTime(); var e = document.createElement('script'); e.setAttribute('language', 'javascript'); e.setAttribute('type', 'text/javascript'); e.setAttribute('src', (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://a248.e.akamai.net/chartbeat.download.akamai.com/102508/" : "http://static.chartbeat.com/") + "js/chartbeat.js"); document.body.appendChild(e); } var oldonload = window.onload; window.onload = (typeof window.onload != 'function') ? loadChartbeat : function() { oldonload(); loadChartbeat(); }; })(); </script> </div> <!-- and package --> </body> </html> <!-- Performance optimized by W3 Total Cache. Learn more: https://www.boldgrid.com/w3-total-cache/ Object Caching 194/351 objects using Disk Page Caching using Disk: Enhanced Database Caching 2/19 queries in 0.015 seconds using Disk Served from: www.niemanlab.org @ 2024-11-19 10:09:19 by W3 Total Cache -->