CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns:fb="http://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml" xmlns:og="http://opengraphprotocol.org/schema/" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script type="text/javascript">var _sf_startpt=(new Date()).getTime()</script> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <title class="instapaper_title">Encyclo » Nieman Journalism Lab » Pushing to the Future of Journalism</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.niemanlab.org/wordpress/wp-content/themes/Labby/encyclostyles.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.niemanlab.org/wordpress/wp-content/themes/Labby/niemanlab-shared.css" type="text/css" />         <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//ajax.googleapis.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Nieman Lab » Encyclo Feed" href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/www.niemanlab.org\/wordpress\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.7.2"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <style id='co-authors-plus-coauthors-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow [class*=wp-block-co-authors-plus]{display:inline} </style> <style id='co-authors-plus-avatar-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar :where(img){height:auto;max-width:100%;vertical-align:bottom}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow .wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar :where(img){vertical-align:middle}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar:is(.alignleft,.alignright){display:table}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar.aligncenter{display:table;margin-inline:auto} </style> <style id='co-authors-plus-image-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-co-authors-plus-image{margin-bottom:0}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image :where(img){height:auto;max-width:100%;vertical-align:bottom}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow .wp-block-co-authors-plus-image :where(img){vertical-align:middle}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image:is(.alignfull,.alignwide) :where(img){width:100%}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image:is(.alignleft,.alignright){display:table}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image.aligncenter{display:table;margin-inline:auto} </style> <style id='qsm-quiz-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> </style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <script type="text/javascript" src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.10.1/jquery.min.js?ver=1.10.1" id="jquery-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.niemanlab.org/wp-json/" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://www.niemanlab.org/wordpress/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7.2" /> <style type="text/css"> ol.footnotes li {list-style-type:decimal;} ol.footnotes{font-size:0.8em; color:#666666;} </style> <script type='text/javascript' src='http://www.niemanlab.org/wordpress/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.js?ver=1.3.2'></script>  <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://feeds.feedburner.com/NiemanJournalismLab/" title="Nieman Lab latest posts" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://www.niemanlab.org/comments/feed/" title="Nieman Lab latest comments" /> <link rel="pingback" href="https://www.niemanlab.org/wordpress/xmlrpc.php" />   <meta property="og:title" content="Encyclo » Encyclo » Nieman Journalism Lab » Pushing to the Future of Journalism"/> <meta property="og:type" content="website"/> <meta property="og:image" content="http://www.niemanlab.org/layout/TwitterNgood.png"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Nieman Lab"/> <meta property="og:description" content="Encyclo is an encyclopedia of the future of news, produced by the Nieman Journalism Lab at Harvard University."/> <meta name="description" content="Encyclo is an encyclopedia of the future of news, produced by the Nieman Journalism Lab at Harvard University."/> <meta property="fb:page_id" content="29057838653"/>  <meta name="viewport" content="width=1060" />  <script src="/mint/?js" type="text/javascript"></script>  <link rel="stylesheet" href="/layout/print.css" type="text/css" media="print" />  <script type="text/javascript" src="http://use.typekit.com/lru6tqb.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">try{Typekit.load();}catch(e){}</script> </head><body>  <div id="package">  <div id="stripaboveheader"> <div id="stripaboveheaderinner"> <div id="stripaboveheadermenu"> <a href="http://www.niemanlab.org/"><img src="https://www.niemanlab.org/wordpress/wp-content/themes/Labby/resources/niemanlab-topstrip-logo.png" width="196" height="14" align="left" class="stripaboveheaderflag" /></a> <div class="stripaboveheaderrightside"> <a href="http://www.niemanlab.org/about/">about</a>  /   <a href="http://www.niemanlab.org/archives/">archives</a>  /   <a href="http://www.niemanlab.org/contact/">contact</a>  /   <a href="http://www.niemanlab.org/subscribe/">subscribe</a>  /   <a href="http://twitter.com/niemanlab">twitter</a>     <form method="get" id="stripaboveheadersearch" action="http://www.niemanlab.org/"><input type="text" name="s" value="" name="s" id="s" /> <input type="submit" class="stripaboveheadersearchbutton" id="searchsubmit" value="SEARCH" /></form></div> </div> </div> </div>  <div id="encycloheader"> <div id="encycloheaderinner"> <div id="encycloheaderflag"> <a href="http://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/"><img src="https://www.niemanlab.org/wordpress/wp-content/themes/Labby/resources/encyclo-flag11.png" height="126" width="900" alt="Encyclo / Nieman Journalism Lab" style="margin-bottom:8px"></a> <div id="encycloheadernav"><ul> <li><a href="http://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/">Encyclo home</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.niemanlab.org/about-encyclo/">About</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo-search/">Search entries</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.niemanlab.org/improve-encyclo/">Make Encyclo better</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/ann-arbor-chronicle/">Encyclo roulette</a></li> </ul></div> <div style="clear: both;"></div> </div> </div>  </div>    <div id="encycloheadertrianglewrapper">  <div id="container"> <div class="encycloheadertriangleleft"></div> <div id="container-inner">  <div id="encyclomainbar">  <div class="encyclo-front-top-frame"> <div class="encyclo-front-top-entrypromo"> <img src="http://www.niemanlab.org/encyclofiles/apple.jpg" width="425" height="200" class="encyclo-front-top-entrypromo-bigpic" /> <div class="encyclo-front-top-entrypromo-headline"><em>Featured entry:</em> <strong><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/apple/" rel="bookmark">Apple</a></strong></div> <p>Apple is the most valuable technology company in the world (as of 2012), due to its array of desktop, laptop, and mobile products. Its 2007 introduction of the iPhone sparked a global boom in smartphones; its 2010 introduction of the iPad led to a revolution in the once-stagnant tablet space. Its iPhone design defined smartphone…</p> </div> <div class="encyclo-front-top-rightside"> <div class="encyclo-front-top-rightside-what"><p><strong>Encyclo is an encyclopedia of the future of news, produced by the <a href="http://www.niemanlab.org/">Nieman Journalism Lab</a>.</strong></p> <p>We aim to tell you about the most important drivers of journalism's evolution. <a href="http://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/about/">Learn more</a> about the effort, and <a href="http://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/improve/">how you can help</a>.</p> <div class="encyclo-front-top-rightside-bottomrow"> <div class="encyclo-front-top-rightside-search"> <form method="get" id="searchform" action="http://www.niemanlab.org/"> <fieldset class="encyclosearch"> <input type="text" name="s" value="" id="s" /> <input type="hidden" name="post_type" value="encyclo" /> <input type="hidden" name="site_section" value="encyclo" /> <button class="btn" title="Submit Search">Search Encyclo</button> </fieldset> </form> </div> <div class="encyclo-front-top-rightside-littlebox"> <div class="encyclo-section-header-naked">Improve Encyclo</div> Who's missing from our encyclopedia? Which entries need updating? <a href="http://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/improve/">Help us make Encyclo better.</a> </div> <div class="encyclo-front-top-rightside-littlebox-last"> <div class="encyclo-section-header-naked">Recently updated</div> <a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/corporation-for-public-broadcasting/">Corporation for Public Broadcasting</a>  <a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/tribune-publishing/">Tribune Publishing</a>  <a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/upworthy/">Upworthy</a>  <a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/e-w-scripps/">E.W. Scripps</a>  <a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/quartz/">Quartz</a>  <a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/facebook/">Facebook</a>  <a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/cnn/">CNN</a>  <a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/new-haven-independent/">New Haven Independent</a> </div> <div style="clear: both;"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div style="clear: both;"></div> </div> <div style="clear: both;"></div>  <div class="encyclo-fourwidepromo-spanner"><em>Explore more entries (or try a <a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/detroit-free-press-and-detroit-news/">random one</a>)</em></div> <div class="encyclo-fourwidepromo-frame"> <div class="encyclo-fourwidepromo-single"> <div class="encyclo-fourwidepromo-headline"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/austin-american-statesman/" rel="bookmark">Austin American-Statesman</a></div>  <div class="encyclo-fourwidepromo-excerpt"><img src="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/434344911039504385/jm5x8G4F_bigger.jpeg" width="73" height="73" alt="Austin American-Statesman logo" class="encyclo-fourwidepromo-image" /><p>The Austin American-Statesman is a daily newspaper in Austin, Texas. The Statesman was founded in 1871 is owned by Atlanta-based Cox Enterprises, which bought the paper in 1976. Cox attempted to sell the paper in 2008 and 2009, but took the paper off the market when offers were far less than what the company had…</p> </div> </div> <div class="encyclo-fourwidepromo-single"> <div class="encyclo-fourwidepromo-headline"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/new-west/" rel="bookmark">New West</a></div>  <div class="encyclo-fourwidepromo-excerpt"><img src="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3443983522/26fabf56ad6478e58a17f2ecf8b62259_bigger.jpeg" width="73" height="73" alt="New West logo" class="encyclo-fourwidepromo-image" /><p>New West is a for-profit online media company based in Missoula, Mont. It was founded in 2005 by Jonathan Weber. New West covers six states in the Rocky Mountains: Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming. It has local sites in Missoula, as well as Bozeman, Montana, and Boise, Idaho. The company has a…</p> </div> </div> <div class="encyclo-fourwidepromo-single"> <div class="encyclo-fourwidepromo-headline"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/wisconsin-center-for-investigative-journalism/" rel="bookmark">Wisconsin Center for Investigative Journalism</a></div>  <div class="encyclo-fourwidepromo-excerpt"><img src="http://abs.twimg.com/sticky/default_profile_images/default_profile_bigger.png" width="73" height="73" alt="Wisconsin Center for Investigative Journalism logo" class="encyclo-fourwidepromo-image" /><p>The Wisconsin Center for Investigative Journalism is a nonprofit investigative news organization that produces WisconsinWatch.org and focuses on statewide public-interest journalism. The Madison-based center was founded in January 2009 with one full-time staff member. It had initial partnerships with the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin Public Radio, Wisconsin Public Television and The Center for Public Integrity….</p> </div> </div> <div class="encyclo-fourwidepromo-single"> <div class="encyclo-fourwidepromo-headline"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/new-york/" rel="bookmark">New York</a></div>  <div class="encyclo-fourwidepromo-excerpt"><img src="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2939680330/56f025f0104892f84a84c00bdb4ec812_bigger.png" width="73" height="73" alt="New York logo" class="encyclo-fourwidepromo-image" /><p>New York is a weekly magazine and daily website that primarily cover the culture and politics of New York City. Founded in 1968 by Clay Felker and Milton Glaser as a competitor to The New Yorker, and known for its witty and often irreverent writing style, the magazine quickly established itself as a cradle of…</p> </div> </div> <div style="clear: both;"></div> </div> <div style="clear: both;"></div>  <div style="clear: both;"></div> <div class="encycloindexblock5col-spanner"><em>All entries</em></div> <div class="encycloindexblock5col"> <div class="encycloindex5col-2wide encycloindex5col-2left"> <div class="encycloindex5col-single"> <div class="encyclo-index-header">Online</div> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/alaska-dispatch/" rel="bookmark">Alaska Dispatch</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/american-independent-news-network/" rel="bookmark">American Independent News Network</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/animal-politico/" rel="bookmark">Animal Pol铆tico</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/ann-arbor-chronicle/" rel="bookmark">The Ann Arbor Chronicle</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/annarbor-com/" rel="bookmark">Ann Arbor News</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/arizona-guardian/" rel="bookmark">Arizona Guardian</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/ars-technica/" rel="bookmark">Ars Technica</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/awl/" rel="bookmark">The Awl</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/backfence/" rel="bookmark">Backfence</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/baristanet/" rel="bookmark">Baristanet</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/the-batavian/" rel="bookmark">The Batavian</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/bay-citizen/" rel="bookmark">The Bay Citizen</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/bayosphere/" rel="bookmark">Bayosphere</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/bureau-of-investigative-journalism/" rel="bookmark">Bureau of Investigative Journalism</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/buzzfeed/" rel="bookmark">BuzzFeed</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/byliner/" rel="bookmark">Byliner</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/california-watch/" rel="bookmark">California Watch</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/center-for-investigative-reporting/" rel="bookmark">Center for Investigative Reporting</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/center-for-public-integrity/" rel="bookmark">Center for Public Integrity</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/charlottesville-tomorrow/" rel="bookmark">Charlottesville Tomorrow</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/chi-town-daily-news/" rel="bookmark">Chi-Town Daily News</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/chicago-news-cooperative/" rel="bookmark">Chicago News Cooperative</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/circa-2/" rel="bookmark">Circa</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/connecticut-mirror/" rel="bookmark">Connecticut Mirror</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/crosscut/" rel="bookmark">Crosscut</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/the-daily/" rel="bookmark">The Daily</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/daily-beast/" rel="bookmark">The Daily Beast</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/daily-kos/" rel="bookmark">Daily Kos</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/main-street-connect/" rel="bookmark">The Daily Voice</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/davis-wiki/" rel="bookmark">Davis Wiki</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/demand-media/" rel="bookmark">Demand Media</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/dnainfo/" rel="bookmark">DNAinfo</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/documentcloud/" rel="bookmark">DocumentCloud</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/drudge-report/" rel="bookmark">Drudge Report</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/el-faro/" rel="bookmark">El Faro</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/everyblock/" rel="bookmark">EveryBlock</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/examiner-com/" rel="bookmark">Examiner.com</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/factcheck-org/" rel="bookmark">FactCheck.org</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/fiscal-times/" rel="bookmark">The Fiscal Times</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/fivethirtyeight/" rel="bookmark">FiveThirtyEight</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/franklin-center-for-government-and-public-integrity/" rel="bookmark">Franklin Center</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/futurity/" rel="bookmark">Futurity</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/fwix/" rel="bookmark">Fwix</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/gawker-media/" rel="bookmark">Gawker Media</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/global-voices/" rel="bookmark">Global Voices</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/globalpost/" rel="bookmark">GlobalPost</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/gotham-gazette/" rel="bookmark">Gotham Gazette</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/grist/" rel="bookmark">Grist</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/hechinger-report/" rel="bookmark">Hechinger Report</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/honolulu-civil-beat/" rel="bookmark">Honolulu Civil Beat</a></p> </div> <div class="encycloindex5col-single"> <div class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/huffington-post/" rel="bookmark">The Huffington Post</a></div> <div class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/i-news/" rel="bookmark">I-News</a></div> <div class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/indenvertimes/" rel="bookmark">INDenverTimes</a></div> <div class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/investigatewest/" rel="bookmark">InvestigateWest</a></div> <div class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/investigative-news-network/" rel="bookmark">Investigative News Network</a></div> <div class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/investigative-reporting-workshop/" rel="bookmark">Investigative Reporting Workshop</a></div> <div class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/iowa-center-for-public-affairs-journalism/" rel="bookmark">Iowa Center for Public Affairs Journalism</a></div> <div class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/kaiser-health-news/" rel="bookmark">Kaiser Health News</a></div> <div class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/the-lens/" rel="bookmark">Lens</a></div> <div class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/mashable/" rel="bookmark">Mashable</a></div> <div class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/media-consortium/" rel="bookmark">Media Consortium</a></div> <div class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/medium/" rel="bookmark">Medium</a></div> <div class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/minnpost/" rel="bookmark">MinnPost</a></div> <div class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/msnbc-com/" rel="bookmark">NBCNews.com</a></div> <div class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/neighborlogs/" rel="bookmark">Neighborlogs</a></div> <div class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/new-england-center-for-investigative-reporting/" rel="bookmark">New England Center for Investigative Reporting</a></div> <div class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/new-haven-independent/" rel="bookmark">New Haven Independent</a></div> <div class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/new-jersey-newsroom/" rel="bookmark">New Jersey Newsroom</a></div> <div class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/new-west/" rel="bookmark">New West</a></div> <div class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/newser/" rel="bookmark">Newser</a></div> <div class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/newstilt/" rel="bookmark">NewsTilt</a></div> <div class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/next-door-media/" rel="bookmark">Next Door Media</a></div> <div class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/openfile/" rel="bookmark">OpenFile</a></div> <div class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/outside-in/" rel="bookmark">Outside.in</a></div> <div class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/patch/" rel="bookmark">Patch</a></div> <div class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/placeblogger/" rel="bookmark">Placeblogger</a></div> <div class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/plaza-publica/" rel="bookmark">Plaza P煤blica</a></div> <div class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/politico/" rel="bookmark">Politico</a></div> <div class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/politifact/" rel="bookmark">PolitiFact</a></div> <div class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/journalism-online/" rel="bookmark">Press+</a></div> <div class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/propublica/" rel="bookmark">ProPublica</a></div> <div class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/publicola/" rel="bookmark">PubliCola</a></div> <div class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/publish2/" rel="bookmark">Publish2</a></div> <div class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/quartz/" rel="bookmark">Quartz</a></div> <div class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/readwriteweb/" rel="bookmark">ReadWrite</a></div> <div class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/reddit/" rel="bookmark">Reddit</a></div> <div class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/sacramento-press/" rel="bookmark">Sacramento Press</a></div> <div class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/salon/" rel="bookmark">Salon</a></div> <div class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/san-diego-news-network/" rel="bookmark">San Diego News Network</a></div> <div class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/seattle-post-intelligencer/" rel="bookmark">Seattle Post-Intelligencer</a></div> <div class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/seattle-postglobe/" rel="bookmark">Seattle PostGlobe</a></div> <div class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/seeclickfix/" rel="bookmark">SeeClickFix</a></div> <div class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/sf-appeal/" rel="bookmark">SF Appeal</a></div> <div class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/slate/" rel="bookmark">Slate</a></div> <div class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/spot-us/" rel="bookmark">Spot.Us</a></div> <div class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/st-louis-beacon/" rel="bookmark">St. Louis Beacon</a></div> <div class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/st-louis-globe-democrat/" rel="bookmark">St. Louis Globe-Democrat</a></div> <div class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/suck-com/" rel="bookmark">Suck.com</a></div> <div class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/talking-points-memo/" rel="bookmark">Talking Points Memo</a></div> <div class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/tbd/" rel="bookmark">TBD</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="encycloindex5col-1right"> <div class="encycloindex5col-single encycloindex5col-newspborders"> <div class="encyclo-index-header">Newspapers</div> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/austin-american-statesman/" rel="bookmark">Austin American-Statesman</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/boston-globe/" rel="bookmark">The Boston Globe</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/chicago-tribune/" rel="bookmark">Chicago Tribune</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/christian-science-monitor/" rel="bookmark">The Christian Science Monitor</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/chronicle-of-higher-education/" rel="bookmark">The Chronicle of Higher Education</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/daily-mail/" rel="bookmark">Daily Mail</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/daily-telegraph/" rel="bookmark">The Daily Telegraph</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/dallas-morning-news/" rel="bookmark">Dallas Morning News</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/detroit-free-press-and-detroit-news/" rel="bookmark">Detroit Free Press and Detroit News</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/e-w-scripps/" rel="bookmark">E.W. Scripps</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/el-pais/" rel="bookmark">El Pa铆s</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/financial-times/" rel="bookmark">Financial Times</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/gannett/" rel="bookmark">Gannett</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/gatehouse-media/" rel="bookmark">GateHouse Media</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/globe-and-mail/" rel="bookmark">The Globe and Mail</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/guardian/" rel="bookmark">The Guardian</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/houston-chronicle/" rel="bookmark">Houston Chronicle</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/journal-register-co/" rel="bookmark">Journal Register Co.</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/la-nacion/" rel="bookmark">La Naci贸n</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/las-vegas-sun/" rel="bookmark">Las Vegas Sun</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/los-angeles-times/" rel="bookmark">Los Angeles Times</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/mcclatchy/" rel="bookmark">McClatchy</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/medianews-group/" rel="bookmark">MediaNews Group</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/miami-herald/" rel="bookmark">The Miami Herald</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/milwaukee-journal-sentinel/" rel="bookmark">Milwaukee Journal Sentinel</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/minneapolis-star-tribune/" rel="bookmark">Minneapolis Star Tribune</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/new-york-times/" rel="bookmark">The New York Times</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/newsday/" rel="bookmark">Newsday</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/o-globo/" rel="bookmark">O Globo</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/orange-county-register/" rel="bookmark">The Orange County Register</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/philadelphia-inquirer/" rel="bookmark">The Philadelphia Inquirer & Daily News</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/san-francisco-chronicle/" rel="bookmark">San Francisco Chronicle</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/seattle-times/" rel="bookmark">The Seattle Times</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/tampa-bay-times/" rel="bookmark">Tampa Bay Times</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/times-of-london/" rel="bookmark">The Times of London</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/tribune-publishing/" rel="bookmark">Tribune Publishing</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/usa-today/" rel="bookmark">USA Today</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/village-voice-media/" rel="bookmark">Voice Media Group</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/wall-street-journal/" rel="bookmark">The Wall Street Journal</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/washington-post/" rel="bookmark">The Washington Post</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="encycloindex5col-2wide encycloindex5col-next2left"> <div class="encycloindex5col-single"> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/techcrunch/" rel="bookmark">TechCrunch</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/texas-tribune/" rel="bookmark">Texas Tribune</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/topix/" rel="bookmark">Topix</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/tucson-citizen/" rel="bookmark">Tucson Citizen</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/tyee/" rel="bookmark">The Tyee</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/uptake/" rel="bookmark">The UpTake</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/upworthy/" rel="bookmark">Upworthy</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/ushahidi/" rel="bookmark">Ushahidi</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/voice-of-san-diego/" rel="bookmark">Voice of San Diego</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/vox-media/" rel="bookmark">Vox Media</a></p> </div> <div class="encycloindex5col-single"> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/west-seattle-blog/" rel="bookmark">West Seattle Blog</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/wikileaks/" rel="bookmark">WikiLeaks</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/wikipedia/" rel="bookmark">Wikipedia</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/38430/" rel="bookmark">Windy Citizen</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/wisconsin-center-for-investigative-journalism/" rel="bookmark">Wisconsin Center for Investigative Journalism</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/wyofile/" rel="bookmark">WyoFile</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/zonie-report/" rel="bookmark">Zonie Report</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="encycloindex5col-2wide encycloindex5col-next2left"> <div class="encycloindex5col-single encycloindex5col-magborders"> <div class="encyclo-index-header">Magazines</div> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/atlantic/" rel="bookmark">The Atlantic</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/bloomberg-businessweek/" rel="bookmark">Bloomberg Businessweek</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/conde-nast/" rel="bookmark">Conde Nast</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/economist/" rel="bookmark">The Economist</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/forbes/" rel="bookmark">Forbes</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/foreign-policy/" rel="bookmark">Foreign Policy</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/hearst/" rel="bookmark">Hearst</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/mother-jones/" rel="bookmark">Mother Jones</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/nation/" rel="bookmark">The Nation</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/national-journal/" rel="bookmark">National Journal</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/national-review/" rel="bookmark">National Review</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/new-republic/" rel="bookmark">The New Republic</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/new-york/" rel="bookmark">New York</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/new-yorker/" rel="bookmark">The New Yorker</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/newsweek/" rel="bookmark">Newsweek</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/semana/" rel="bookmark">Semana</a></p> <div class="encycloindex5col-topborder"> <div class="encyclo-index-header encyclo-index-header-incol">Broadcast</div> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/abc-news/" rel="bookmark">ABC News</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/al-jazeera/" rel="bookmark">Al Jazeera</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/american-public-media/" rel="bookmark">American Public Media</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/bbc-news/" rel="bookmark">BBC News</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/cbs-news/" rel="bookmark">CBS News</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/cnn/" rel="bookmark">CNN</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/corporation-for-public-broadcasting/" rel="bookmark">Corporation for Public Broadcasting</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/current/" rel="bookmark">Current TV</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/the-daily-show/" rel="bookmark">The Daily Show</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/espn/" rel="bookmark">ESPN</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/fox-news/" rel="bookmark">Fox News</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/frontline/" rel="bookmark">Frontline</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/msnbc/" rel="bookmark">MSNBC</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/nbc-news/" rel="bookmark">NBC News</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/news-corp/" rel="bookmark">News Corp</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/npr/" rel="bookmark">NPR</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/pbs/" rel="bookmark">PBS</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/pbs-newshour/" rel="bookmark">PBS NewsHour</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/public-radio-international/" rel="bookmark">Public Radio International</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="encycloindex5col-single encycloindex5col-techborders"> <div class="encyclo-index-header">Tech companies</div> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/amazon/" rel="bookmark">Amazon</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/aol/" rel="bookmark">AOL</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/apple/" rel="bookmark">Apple</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/craigslist/" rel="bookmark">Craigslist</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/creative-commons/" rel="bookmark">Creative Commons</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/facebook/" rel="bookmark">Facebook</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/flipboard/" rel="bookmark">Flipboard</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/foursquare/" rel="bookmark">Foursquare</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/google/" rel="bookmark">Google</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/groupon/" rel="bookmark">Groupon</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/instapaper/" rel="bookmark">Instapaper</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/kickstarter/" rel="bookmark">Kickstarter</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/mediabugs/" rel="bookmark">MediaBugs</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/medium/" rel="bookmark">Medium</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/mozilla/" rel="bookmark">Mozilla</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/quora/" rel="bookmark">Quora</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/storify/" rel="bookmark">Storify</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/tumblr/" rel="bookmark">Tumblr</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/twitter/" rel="bookmark">Twitter</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/yahoo/" rel="bookmark">Yahoo</a></p> <div class="encycloindex5col-topborder"> <div class="encyclo-index-header encyclo-index-header-incol">Journalism organizations</div> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/hackshackers/" rel="bookmark">Hacks/Hackers</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/international-consortium-of-investigative-journalists/" rel="bookmark">International Consortium of Investigative Journalists</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/irenicar/" rel="bookmark">IRE/NICAR</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/knight-foundation/" rel="bookmark">Knight Foundation</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/the-lens/" rel="bookmark">Lens</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/poynter-institute/" rel="bookmark">Poynter Institute</a></p> </div> <div class="encycloindex5col-topborder"> <div class="encyclo-index-header encyclo-index-header-incol">Wire services</div> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/associated-press/" rel="bookmark">Associated Press</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/bloomberg/" rel="bookmark">Bloomberg</a></p> <p class="encycloindexlink"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/reuters/" rel="bookmark">Reuters</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div style="clear:both;"></div> </div> <div class="encyclo-front-knight-spanner">Encyclo is made possible through a grant from the <a href="http://www.knightfoundation.org/">John S. and James L. Knight Foundation</a>.</div> </div>   </div>  <div class="encycloheadertriangleright"></div> </div>  </div>  </div>   <div id="footer3"> <div id="footer3-inner" > <div id="footer3-leftcol"> <div class="footer3-contentblock"> <div class="fakecaps footer-header">Latest in the Lab</div> <div class="footer3-latest-story"><a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/2025/03/local-newsrooms-are-using-ai-to-listen-in-on-public-meetings/">Local newsrooms are using AI to listen in on public meetings</a></strong></div> <div class="fakecaps footer-bottomtease"><a href="http://www.niemanlab.org/">See recent posts »</a></div> </div> <div class="footer3-contentblock"> <div class="fakecaps footer-header">From @niemanlab</div> <div class="footer3-latest-story"> </div> <div class="fakecaps footer-bottomtease"><a href="http://twitter.com/niemanlab">See latest tweets »</a></div> </div> </div> <div id="footer3-rightcol"> <div class="footer3-contentblock"> <div class="footer3-bigger">The Nieman Journalism Lab is a collaborative attempt to figure out how quality journalism can survive and thrive in the Internet age.</div> <div class="fakecaps footer-bottomtease"><a href="http://www.niemanlab.org/about/">Learn more »</a></div> <div class="fakecaps footer-bottomtease footer-contact"><a href="http://www.niemanlab.org/contact/">Contact us »</a></div> </div> <div class="footer3-contentblock-bottom fakecaps"> <img src="https://www.niemanlab.org/wordpress/wp-content/themes/Labby/resources/harvard_40.png" class="footer3-leftimage" />Some rights reserved. <a href="http://www.niemanlab.org/about/#copyright">Copyright information »</a> </div> <div style="clear: both;"></div> </div> <div style="clear: both;"></div> </div>  </div>   <script type="text/javascript"> var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www."); document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E")); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-6019584-1"); pageTracker._trackPageview(); pageTracker._trackPageLoadTime(); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var _sf_async_config={uid:16892,domain:"niemanlab.org"}; (function(){ function loadChartbeat() { window._sf_endpt=(new Date()).getTime(); var e = document.createElement('script'); e.setAttribute('language', 'javascript'); e.setAttribute('type', 'text/javascript'); e.setAttribute('src', (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://a248.e.akamai.net/chartbeat.download.akamai.com/102508/" : "http://static.chartbeat.com/") + "js/chartbeat.js"); document.body.appendChild(e); } var oldonload = window.onload; window.onload = (typeof window.onload != 'function') ? loadChartbeat : function() { oldonload(); loadChartbeat(); }; })(); </script> </div>  </body> </html>