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href="#Funding_and_societies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Funding and societies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funding_and_societies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Journals_that_frequently_publish_articles_about_evolutionary_physiology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Journals_that_frequently_publish_articles_about_evolutionary_physiology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Journals that frequently publish articles about evolutionary physiology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Journals_that_frequently_publish_articles_about_evolutionary_physiology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Evolutionary physiology</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC" title="বিবর্তনীয় শারীরতত্ত্ব – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বিবর্তনীয় শারীরতত্ত্ব" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiolog%C3%ADa_evolutiva" title="Fisiología evolutiva – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fisiología evolutiva" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%DB%8C_%D9%81%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B4%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="فیزیولوژی فرگشتی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فیزیولوژی فرگشتی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="פיזיולוגיה אבולוציונית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פיזיולוגיה אבולוציונית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiologia_evolutiva" title="Fisiologia evolutiva – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fisiologia 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Study of evolutionary changes in physiological characteristics</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Phenotypic_Hierarchy_1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Phenotypic_Hierarchy_1.svg/220px-Phenotypic_Hierarchy_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Phenotypic_Hierarchy_1.svg/330px-Phenotypic_Hierarchy_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Phenotypic_Hierarchy_1.svg/440px-Phenotypic_Hierarchy_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Natural and <a href="/wiki/Sexual_selection" title="Sexual selection">sexual selection</a> are often presumed to act most directly on <a href="/wiki/Behavior" title="Behavior">behavior</a> (e.g., what an animal chooses to do when confronted by a predator), which is expressed within limits set by whole-<a href="/wiki/Organism" title="Organism">organism</a> performance <a href="/wiki/Skill" title="Skill">abilities</a> (e.g., how fast it can run) that are determined by <a href="/wiki/Subordinate" class="mw-redirect" title="Subordinate">subordinate</a> <a href="/wiki/Phenotypic_trait" title="Phenotypic trait">traits</a> (e.g., muscle fiber-type composition). A weakness of this <a href="/wiki/Conceptual_definition" class="mw-redirect" title="Conceptual definition">conceptual</a> and <a href="/wiki/Operational" class="mw-redirect" title="Operational">operational</a> model<sup id="cite_ref-Khanetal2024_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khanetal2024-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the absence of an explicit recognition of the place of <a href="/wiki/Life_history_theory" title="Life history theory">life history</a> traits.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border:2px solid #90ee90"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#90ee90;padding:0.2em;font-size:175%;font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_biology" title="Evolutionary biology">Evolutionary biology</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Darwin%27s_finches_by_Gould.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Darwin%27s_finches_by_Gould.jpg/180px-Darwin%27s_finches_by_Gould.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Darwin%27s_finches_by_Gould.jpg/270px-Darwin%27s_finches_by_Gould.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Darwin%27s_finches_by_Gould.jpg/360px-Darwin%27s_finches_by_Gould.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1748" data-file-height="1319" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption"><a href="/wiki/Darwin%27s_finches" title="Darwin's finches">Darwin's finches</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Gould" title="John Gould">John Gould</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="display:block; margin-bottom:0.55em; background-color: transparent;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_evolutionary_biology_articles" title="Index of evolutionary biology articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Introduction_to_evolution" title="Introduction to evolution">Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution" title="Evolution">Main</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_evolution" title="Outline of evolution">Outline</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_evolutionary_biology" class="mw-redirect" title="Glossary of evolutionary biology">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evidence_of_common_descent" title="Evidence of common descent">Evidence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_life" title="History of life">History</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="background:transparent;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;padding-bottom:0;background:#90ee90;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;;color: var(--color-base)">Processes and outcomes</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Population_genetics" title="Population genetics">Population genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_variation" title="Genetic variation">Variation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_diversity" title="Genetic diversity">Diversity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutation" title="Mutation">Mutation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_selection" title="Natural selection">Natural selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaptation" title="Adaptation">Adaptation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polymorphism_(biology)" title="Polymorphism (biology)">Polymorphism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_drift" title="Genetic drift">Genetic drift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_flow" title="Gene flow">Gene flow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciation" title="Speciation">Speciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_radiation" title="Adaptive radiation">Adaptive radiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperation_(evolution)" title="Cooperation (evolution)">Co-operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coevolution" title="Coevolution">Coevolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coextinction" title="Coextinction">Coextinction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contingency_(evolutionary_biology)" title="Contingency (evolutionary biology)">Contingency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divergent_evolution" title="Divergent evolution">Divergence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convergent_evolution" title="Convergent evolution">Convergence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_evolution" title="Parallel evolution">Parallel evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">Extinction</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="background:transparent;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;padding-bottom:0;background:#90ee90;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;;color: var(--color-base)">Natural history</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abiogenesis" title="Abiogenesis">Origin of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_descent" title="Common descent">Common descent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_life" title="History of life">History of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_evolutionary_history_of_life" title="Timeline of the evolutionary history of life">Timeline of evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_evolution" title="Human evolution">Human evolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recent_human_evolution" title="Recent human evolution">Recent human evolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phylogenetic_tree" title="Phylogenetic tree">Phylogeny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">Biodiversity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biogeography" title="Biogeography">Biogeography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_taxonomy" title="Evolutionary taxonomy">Evolutionary taxonomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cladistics" title="Cladistics">Cladistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transitional_fossil" title="Transitional fossil">Transitional fossil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extinction_event" title="Extinction event">Extinction event</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="background:transparent;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;padding-bottom:0;background:#90ee90;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;;color: var(--color-base)">History of evolutionary theory</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_evolutionary_thought" title="History of evolutionary thought">Overview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_ideas_of_the_Renaissance_and_Enlightenment" title="Evolutionary ideas of the Renaissance and Enlightenment">Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmutation_of_species" title="Transmutation of species">Before Darwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Darwin</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Origin_of_Species" title="On the Origin of Species">Origin of Species</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_eclipse_of_Darwinism" title="The eclipse of Darwinism">Before synthesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_synthesis_(20th_century)" title="Modern synthesis (20th century)">Modern synthesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_molecular_evolution" title="History of molecular evolution">Molecular evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_developmental_biology" title="Evolutionary developmental biology">Evo-devo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Current_research_in_evolutionary_biology" class="mw-redirect" title="Current research in evolutionary biology">Current research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_speciation" title="History of speciation">History of speciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_paleontology" title="History of paleontology">History of paleontology</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_paleontology" title="Timeline of paleontology">timeline</a>)</li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="background:transparent;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;padding-bottom:0;background:#90ee90;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;;color: var(--color-base)">Fields and applications</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Applications_of_evolution" title="Applications of evolution">Applications of evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biosocial_criminology" title="Biosocial criminology">Biosocial criminology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_genetics" title="Ecological genetics">Ecological genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_aesthetics" title="Evolutionary aesthetics">Evolutionary aesthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_anthropology" title="Evolutionary anthropology">Evolutionary anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_computation" title="Evolutionary computation">Evolutionary computation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_ecology" title="Evolutionary ecology">Evolutionary ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_economics" title="Evolutionary economics">Evolutionary economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_epistemology" title="Evolutionary epistemology">Evolutionary epistemology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_ethics" title="Evolutionary ethics">Evolutionary ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_game_theory" title="Evolutionary game theory">Evolutionary game theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_linguistics" title="Evolutionary linguistics">Evolutionary linguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_medicine" title="Evolutionary medicine">Evolutionary medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_neuroscience" title="Evolutionary neuroscience">Evolutionary neuroscience</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Evolutionary physiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_psychology" title="Evolutionary psychology">Evolutionary psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_evolution" title="Experimental evolution">Experimental evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_genetics" title="Invasion genetics">Invasion genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_biogeography" class="mw-redirect" title="Island biogeography">Island biogeography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phylogenetics" title="Phylogenetics">Phylogenetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleontology" title="Paleontology">Paleontology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selective_breeding" title="Selective breeding">Selective breeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_experiments_of_speciation" title="Laboratory experiments of speciation">Speciation experiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociobiology" title="Sociobiology">Sociobiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systematics" title="Systematics">Systematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Darwinism" title="Universal Darwinism">Universal Darwinism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="background:transparent;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;padding-bottom:0;background:#90ee90;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;;color: var(--color-base)">Social implications</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eugenics" title="Eugenics">Eugenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_as_fact_and_theory" title="Evolution as fact and theory">Evolution as fact and theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysgenics" title="Dysgenics">Dysgenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_effects_of_evolutionary_theory" title="Social effects of evolutionary theory">Social effects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejection_of_evolution_by_religious_groups" title="Rejection of evolution by religious groups">Creation–evolution controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theistic_evolution" title="Theistic evolution">Theistic evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objections_to_evolution" title="Objections to evolution">Objections to evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Level_of_support_for_evolution" title="Level of support for evolution">Level of support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_versus_nurture" title="Nature versus nurture">Nature-nurture controversy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tree_of_life.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Tree_of_life.svg/16px-Tree_of_life.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Tree_of_life.svg/24px-Tree_of_life.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Tree_of_life.svg/32px-Tree_of_life.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="915" data-file-height="760" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Evolutionary_biology" title="Portal:Evolutionary biology">Evolutionary biology portal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Evolutionary_biology" title="Category:Evolutionary biology">Category</a></span></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Evolutionary_biology" title="Template:Evolutionary biology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Evolutionary_biology" title="Template talk:Evolutionary biology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Evolutionary_biology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Evolutionary biology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Evolutionary physiology</b> is the study of the biological <a href="/wiki/Evolution" title="Evolution">evolution</a> of <a href="/wiki/Physiology" title="Physiology">physiological</a> structures and processes; that is, the manner in which the functional characteristics of <a href="/wiki/Organism" title="Organism">organisms</a> have responded to <a href="/wiki/Natural_selection" title="Natural selection">natural selection</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sexual_selection" title="Sexual selection">sexual selection</a> or changed by random <a href="/wiki/Genetic_drift" title="Genetic drift">genetic drift</a> across multiple <a href="/wiki/Generation" title="Generation">generations</a> during the history of a population or species.<sup id="cite_ref-Garland&Carter1994_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garland&Carter1994-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a <a href="/wiki/List_of_academic_disciplines" class="mw-redirect" title="List of academic disciplines">sub-discipline</a> of both <a href="/wiki/Physiology" title="Physiology">physiology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_biology" title="Evolutionary biology">evolutionary biology</a>. Practitioners in the field come from a variety of backgrounds, including physiology, evolutionary biology, <a href="/wiki/Ecology" title="Ecology">ecology</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Genetics" title="Genetics">genetics</a>. </p><p>Accordingly, the range of <a href="/wiki/Phenotype" title="Phenotype">phenotypes</a> studied by evolutionary physiologists is broad, including <a href="/wiki/Life_history_theory" title="Life history theory">life history</a> traits, behavior, whole-organism performance,<sup id="cite_ref-Arnold1983_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arnold1983-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Careau&Garland2012_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Careau&Garland2012-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Morphology_(biology)#Branches_of_morphology" title="Morphology (biology)">functional morphology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biomechanics" title="Biomechanics">biomechanics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anatomy" title="Anatomy">anatomy</a>, classical physiology, <a href="/wiki/Endocrinology" title="Endocrinology">endocrinology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biochemistry" title="Biochemistry">biochemistry</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Molecular_evolution" title="Molecular evolution">molecular evolution</a>. The field is closely related to <a href="/wiki/Comparative_physiology" title="Comparative physiology">comparative physiology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ecophysiology" title="Ecophysiology">ecophysiology</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Environmental_physiology" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental physiology">environmental physiology</a>, and its findings are a major concern of <a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_medicine" title="Evolutionary medicine">evolutionary medicine</a>. One definition that has been offered is "the study of the physiological basis of <a href="/wiki/Fitness_(biology)" title="Fitness (biology)">fitness</a>, namely, correlated evolution (including constraints and <a href="/wiki/Trade-off" title="Trade-off">trade-offs</a>) of physiological form and function associated with the environment, diet, <a href="/wiki/Homeostasis" title="Homeostasis">homeostasis</a>, energy management, <a href="/wiki/Longevity" title="Longevity">longevity</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mortality_rate" title="Mortality rate">mortality</a> and <a href="/wiki/Life_history_theory" title="Life history theory">life history</a> characteristics".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolutionary_physiology&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As the name implies, evolutionary physiology is the product of a merger between two distinct scientific disciplines. According to Garland and Carter,<sup id="cite_ref-Garland&Carter1994_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garland&Carter1994-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> evolutionary physiology arose in the late 1970s, following debates concerning the metabolic and thermoregulatory status of <a href="/wiki/Dinosaur" title="Dinosaur">dinosaurs</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Physiology_of_dinosaurs" title="Physiology of dinosaurs">physiology of dinosaurs</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Mammal-like_reptiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Mammal-like reptiles">mammal-like reptiles</a>. </p><p>This period was followed by attempts in the early 1980s to integrate <a href="/wiki/Quantitative_genetics" title="Quantitative genetics">quantitative genetics</a> into <a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_biology" title="Evolutionary biology">evolutionary biology</a>, which had spillover effects on other fields, such as <a href="/wiki/Behavioral_ecology" title="Behavioral ecology">behavioral ecology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ecophysiology" title="Ecophysiology">ecophysiology</a>. In the mid- to late 1980s, <a href="/wiki/Phylogenetic_comparative_methods" title="Phylogenetic comparative methods">phylogenetic comparative methods</a> started to become popular in many fields, including <a href="/wiki/Physiological_ecology" class="mw-redirect" title="Physiological ecology">physiological ecology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Comparative_physiology" title="Comparative physiology">comparative physiology</a>. A 1987 volume titled <i>New Directions in Ecological Physiology</i><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had little ecology<sup id="cite_ref-Kingsolver,_J._G._1988_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kingsolver,_J._G._1988-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but a considerable emphasis on evolutionary topics. It generated vigorous debate, and within a few years the <a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a> had developed a panel titled <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304192143/http://www.nsf.gov/pubs/progdesc/1998/bio/ibn/1148.htm">Ecological and Evolutionary Physiology</a>. </p><p>Shortly thereafter, selection experiments and <a href="/wiki/Experimental_evolution" title="Experimental evolution">experimental evolution</a> became increasingly common in evolutionary physiology. Macrophysiology has emerged as a sub-discipline, in which practitioners attempt to identify large-scale patterns in physiological traits (e.g. patterns of co-variation with <a href="/wiki/Latitude" title="Latitude">latitude</a>) and their ecological implications.<sup id="cite_ref-Chownetal2004_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chownetal2004-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>More recently, the importance of evolutionary physiology has been argued from the perspective of functional analyses, <a href="/wiki/Epigenetics" title="Epigenetics">epigenetics</a>, and an <a href="/wiki/Extended_evolutionary_synthesis" title="Extended evolutionary synthesis">extended evolutionary synthesis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The growth of evolutionary physiology is also reflected in the emergence of sub-disciplines, such as evolutionary biomechanics<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and evolutionary <a href="/wiki/Endocrinology" title="Endocrinology">endocrinology</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which addresses such hybrid questions as "What are the most common endocrine mechanisms that respond to selection on behavior or life-history traits?"<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Emergent_properties">Emergent properties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolutionary_physiology&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Emergent properties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a hybrid scientific discipline, evolutionary physiology provides some unique perspectives. For example, an understanding of physiological mechanisms can help in determining whether a particular pattern of phenotypic variation or co-variation (such as an <a href="/wiki/Allometric" class="mw-redirect" title="Allometric">allometric</a> relationship) represents what could possibly exist or just what selection has allowed.<sup id="cite_ref-Garland&Carter1994_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garland&Carter1994-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Weber_1990_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weber_1990-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bolstadetal2015_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bolstadetal2015-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, a thorough knowledge of physiological mechanisms can greatly enhance understanding of possible reasons for evolutionary correlations and constraints than is possible for many of the traits typically studied by evolutionary biologists (such as <a href="/wiki/Morphology_(biology)" title="Morphology (biology)">morphology</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Areas_of_research">Areas of research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolutionary_physiology&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Areas of research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Important areas of current research include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organismal_performance" title="Organismal performance">Organismal performance</a> as a central <a href="/wiki/Phenotype" title="Phenotype">phenotype</a> (e.g., measures of speed or stamina in <a href="/wiki/Animal_locomotion" title="Animal locomotion">animal locomotion</a>)</li> <li>Role of <a href="/wiki/Behavior" title="Behavior">behavior</a> in physiological evolution</li> <li>Physiological and <a href="/wiki/Endocrinological" class="mw-redirect" title="Endocrinological">endocrinological</a> basis of variation in <a href="/wiki/Biological_life_cycle" title="Biological life cycle">life history</a> traits (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Clutch_size" class="mw-redirect" title="Clutch size">clutch size</a>)</li> <li>Functional significance of <a href="/wiki/Molecular_evolution" title="Molecular evolution">molecular evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genomic" class="mw-redirect" title="Genomic">Genomic</a> basis of adaptation<sup id="cite_ref-Crawfordetal2020_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crawfordetal2020-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Extent to which species differences are adaptive</li> <li>Physiological underpinnings of limits to <a href="/wiki/Geographic_range_limit" class="mw-redirect" title="Geographic range limit">geographic ranges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geographic_variation" class="mw-redirect" title="Geographic variation">Geographic variation</a> in <a href="/wiki/Physiology" title="Physiology">physiology</a><sup id="cite_ref-Garland&Adolph1991_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garland&Adolph1991-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Role of <a href="/wiki/Sexual_selection" title="Sexual selection">sexual selection</a> in shaping physiological evolution</li> <li>Magnitude of "phylogenetic signal" in physiological traits</li> <li>Role of <a href="/wiki/Pathogen" title="Pathogen">pathogens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parasitism" title="Parasitism">parasites</a> in physiological evolution and <a href="/wiki/Immunity_(medical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Immunity (medical)">immunity</a></li> <li>Application of <a href="/wiki/Optimality_model" title="Optimality model">optimality modeling</a> to elucidate the degree of adaptation</li> <li>Role of <a href="/wiki/Phenotypic_plasticity" title="Phenotypic plasticity">phenotypic plasticity</a> in accounting for individual, population, and species differences<sup id="cite_ref-Kelly_et_al_2012_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kelly_et_al_2012-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Mechanistic basis of <a href="/wiki/Trade-off" title="Trade-off">trade-offs</a> and constraints on evolution (e.g., putative <a href="/wiki/Carrier%27s_constraint" title="Carrier's constraint">Carrier's constraint</a> on running and breathing)</li> <li>Limits on sustained metabolic rate<sup id="cite_ref-BacigalupeandBozinovic2002_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BacigalupeandBozinovic2002-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Origin of <a href="/wiki/Allometric" class="mw-redirect" title="Allometric">allometric</a> scaling relations or <a href="/wiki/Allometric" class="mw-redirect" title="Allometric">allometric</a> laws (and the so-called <a href="/wiki/Metabolic_theory_of_ecology" title="Metabolic theory of ecology">metabolic theory of ecology</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individual_variation" class="mw-redirect" title="Individual variation">Individual variation</a> (see also <a href="/wiki/Individual_differences_psychology" class="mw-redirect" title="Individual differences psychology">Individual differences psychology</a>)</li> <li>Functional significance of biochemical <a href="/wiki/Polymorphism_(biology)" title="Polymorphism (biology)">polymorphisms</a></li> <li>Analysis of physiological variation via <a href="/wiki/Quantitative_genetics" title="Quantitative genetics">quantitative genetics</a></li> <li>Paleophysiology<sup id="cite_ref-Padian2020_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Padian2020-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the evolution of <a href="/wiki/Endothermy" class="mw-redirect" title="Endothermy">endothermy</a><sup id="cite_ref-Rezendeetal2020_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rezendeetal2020-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Araujoetal2020_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Araujoetal2020-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">Human</a> adaptational <a href="/wiki/Physiology" title="Physiology">physiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwinian_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Darwinian medicine">Darwinian medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_dietary_antioxidants" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolution of dietary antioxidants">Evolution of dietary antioxidants</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Techniques">Techniques</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolutionary_physiology&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Techniques"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_selection" class="mw-redirect" title="Artificial selection">Artificial selection</a> and <a href="/wiki/Experimental_evolution" title="Experimental evolution">experimental evolution</a><sup id="cite_ref-bennettlenski1999_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bennettlenski1999-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gibbs1999_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gibbs1999-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biology.ucr.edu/people/faculty/Garland/Girard01.mov">mouse wheel running video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetics" title="Genetics">Genetic analyses</a> and <a href="/wiki/Genetic_engineering" title="Genetic engineering">manipulations</a><sup id="cite_ref-Garland&Carter1994_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garland&Carter1994-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Measurement of selection in the wild<sup id="cite_ref-IrschickEA2008_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IrschickEA2008-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenotypic_plasticity" title="Phenotypic plasticity">Phenotypic plasticity</a> and manipulation<sup id="cite_ref-Garland&Carter1994_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garland&Carter1994-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phylogenetic_comparative_methods" title="Phylogenetic comparative methods">Phylogenetically based comparisons</a><sup id="cite_ref-garlandetal2005_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-garlandetal2005-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doubly_labeled_water" title="Doubly labeled water">Doubly labeled water</a> measurements of free-living energy demands of animals</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Funding_and_societies">Funding and societies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolutionary_physiology&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Funding and societies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the United States, research in evolutionary physiology is funded mainly by the <a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a>. A number of scientific societies feature sections that encompass evolutionary physiology, including: </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.the-aps.org/">American Physiological Society "integrating the life sciences from molecule to organism"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sicb.org/">Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_Experimental_Biology" title="Society for Experimental Biology">Society for Experimental Biology</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Journals_that_frequently_publish_articles_about_evolutionary_physiology">Journals that frequently publish articles about evolutionary physiology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolutionary_physiology&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Journals that frequently publish articles about evolutionary physiology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Naturalist" class="mw-redirect" title="American Naturalist">American Naturalist</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/525464/description#description"><i>Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/book/10.1002/cphy/topics"><i>Comprehensive Physiology</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esapubs.org/esapubs/journals/ecology.htm"><i>Ecology</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://evol.allenpress.com/evolonline/?request=index-html"><i>Evolution</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060425205845/http://evol.allenpress.com/evolonline/?request=index-html">Archived</a> 2006-04-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070205064322/http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0269-8463"><i>Functional Ecology</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Integrative_and_Comparative_Biology" title="Integrative and Comparative Biology">Integrative and Comparative Biology</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.springer.com/west/home/biomed?SGWID=4-124-70-1055797-0"><i>Journal of Comparative Physiology</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070304040240/http://www.maik.rssi.ru/cgi-bin/journal.pl?name=evolbp&page=main"><i>Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Evolutionary_Biology" title="Journal of Evolutionary Biology">Journal of Evolutionary Biology</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jeb.biologists.org/"><i>Journal of Experimental Biology</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ecological_and_Evolutionary_Physiology" title="Ecological and Evolutionary Physiology">Ecological and Evolutionary Physiology</a></i> (formerly <i>Physiological and Biochemical Zoology</i>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolutionary_physiology&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allometry" title="Allometry">Allometry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allometric_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Allometric law">Allometric law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beneficial_acclimation_hypothesis" title="Beneficial acclimation hypothesis">Beneficial acclimation hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_physiology" title="Comparative physiology">Comparative physiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwinian_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Darwinian medicine">Darwinian medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_metabolic_rate" title="Field metabolic rate">Field metabolic rate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecophysiology" title="Ecophysiology">Ecophysiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_neuroscience" title="Evolutionary neuroscience">Evolutionary neuroscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_psychiatry" title="Evolutionary psychiatry">Evolutionary psychiatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_psychology" title="Evolutionary psychology">Evolutionary psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_evolution" title="Experimental evolution">Experimental evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_physiology" class="mw-redirect" title="Human physiology">Human physiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._M._Sechenov_Institute_of_Evolutionary_Physiology_and_Biochemistry" title="I. M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry">I. M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleiber%27s_law" title="Kleiber's law">Kleiber's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krogh_Principle" class="mw-redirect" title="Krogh Principle">Krogh Principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Speakman" title="John Speakman">John Speakman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Orbeli" title="Leon Orbeli">Leon Orbeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_history_theory" title="Life history theory">Life history theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_physiologists" title="List of physiologists">List of physiologists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metabolic_theory_of_ecology" title="Metabolic theory of ecology">Metabolic theory of ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organismal_performance" title="Organismal performance">Organismal performance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Hochachka" title="Peter Hochachka">Peter Hochachka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenotypic_plasticity" title="Phenotypic plasticity">Phenotypic plasticity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phylogenetic_comparative_methods" title="Phylogenetic comparative methods">Phylogenetic comparative methods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physiology" title="Physiology">Physiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physiology_of_dinosaurs" title="Physiology of dinosaurs">Physiology of dinosaurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_B._Huey" title="Raymond B. Huey">Raymond B. Huey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Garland,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Theodore Garland, Jr.">Theodore Garland, Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrifty_phenotype" title="Thrifty phenotype">Thrifty phenotype</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolutionary_physiology&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Khanetal2024-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Khanetal2024_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKhanJ._S._RhodesI._A._GirarddN._E._Schwartz2024" class="citation journal cs1">Khan, R. H.; J. S. Rhodes; I. A. Girardd; N. E. Schwartz; T. Garland, Jr. (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1dgGdxfG3AGftns7glfXPN-qBME4he9WP/view">"Does behavior evolve first? 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(1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/202/20/2709/8212/Laboratory-selection-for-the-comparative">"Laboratory selection for the comparative physiologist"</a>. <i>Journal of Experimental Biology</i>. <b>202</b> (20): <span class="nowrap">2709–</span>2718. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999JExpB.202.2709G">1999JExpB.202.2709G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1242%2Fjeb.202.20.2709">10.1242/jeb.202.20.2709</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10504307">10504307</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Experimental+Biology&rft.atitle=Laboratory+selection+for+the+comparative+physiologist&rft.volume=202&rft.issue=20&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2709-%3C%2Fspan%3E2718&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10504307&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1242%2Fjeb.202.20.2709&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1999JExpB.202.2709G&rft.aulast=Gibbs&rft.aufirst=A.+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.biologists.com%2Fjeb%2Farticle%2F202%2F20%2F2709%2F8212%2FLaboratory-selection-for-the-comparative&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvolutionary+physiology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IrschickEA2008-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IrschickEA2008_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIrschickJ._J._MeyersJ._F._HusakJ.-F._Le_Galliard2008" class="citation journal cs1">Irschick, D. J.; J. J. Meyers; J. F. Husak; J.-F. Le Galliard (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110609163246/http://www.bio.umass.edu/biology/irschick/Irs_papers/Irschick%20%20et%20al%202008%20EER.pdf">"How does selection operate on whole-organism functional performance capacities? A review and synthesis"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Evolutionary Ecology Research</i>. <b>10</b>: <span class="nowrap">177–</span>196. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.371.8464">10.1.1.371.8464</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-1569">0003-1569</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bio.umass.edu/biology/irschick/Irs_papers/Irschick%20%20et%20al%202008%20EER.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2011-06-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Evolutionary+Ecology+Research&rft.atitle=How+does+selection+operate+on+whole-organism+functional+performance+capacities%3F+A+review+and+synthesis&rft.volume=10&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E177-%3C%2Fspan%3E196&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.371.8464%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft.issn=0003-1569&rft.aulast=Irschick&rft.aufirst=D.+J.&rft.au=J.+J.+Meyers&rft.au=J.+F.+Husak&rft.au=J.-F.+Le+Galliard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bio.umass.edu%2Fbiology%2Firschick%2FIrs_papers%2FIrschick%2520%2520et%2520al%25202008%2520EER.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvolutionary+physiology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-garlandetal2005-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-garlandetal2005_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarlandA._F._BennettE._L._Rezende2005" class="citation journal cs1">Garland, T. 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</ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolutionary_physiology&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/ucr.edu/hrmice/evolutionary-physiology-links">People, Labs, and Programs in Evolutionary Physiology</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://evolutionarysystemsbiology.org/papers/index.html">Evolutionary Systems Biology - Some Important Papers</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/journals/pbz/tradeoffs-collection"><i>Physiological and Biochemical Zoology</i> Focused Collection: Trade-Offs in Ecological and Evolutionary Physiology</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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