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color_grey_4" title="Sur TikTok, Instagram ou YouTube, la consommation des cosmétiques à tort ou à réseaux"><h2 class="Headline-sc-16el3pa-0 hoFQxA font_lg-libe font_primary font_primary_spacing-0-6 font_normal margin-xs-bottom ">Sur TikTok, Instagram ou YouTube, la consommation des cosmétiques à tort ou à réseaux</h2></a><div class="article-meta"><span class="font_xxs font_tertiary color_grey ">30 nov. 2024</span><span class="color_yellow_2 font_xxs font_tertiary margin-xs-left">abonnés</span></div></div></div></article></div></div></div><div class="ItemChainElement__ItemElementLayout-sc-1c74lbk-0 keBvAW col-sm-12 col-md-xl-4 layout-section"><div><div class="custom-card-list"><article class="container-fluid large-promo themes_promo margin-sm-bottom border border_solid border_bottom border_color_grey_2"><div class="row text-align_left"><div class="col-sm-xl-12 flex-col"><a href="/forums/les-meilleurs-bouts-du-monde-20241130_C6KHATJRQRCRJESNNTZIJD5EG4/" title="Les meilleurs «Bouts du 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class="Headline-sc-16el3pa-0 hoFQxA font_lg-libe font_primary font_primary_spacing-0-6 font_normal margin-xs-bottom ">La production de vin dans le monde est au plus bas depuis 1961, la France en net recul</h2></a><div class="article-meta"><span class="font_xxs font_tertiary color_grey ">29 nov. 2024</span></div></div></div></article></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="flex-chain container-fluid"><div class=""><div class="row"><div class="ItemChainElement__ItemElementLayout-sc-1c74lbk-0 gWdzdQ col-sm-12 col-md-xl-4 layout-section"><div><div class="custom-card-list"><article class="container-fluid large-promo themes_promo margin-sm-bottom border border_solid border_bottom border_color_grey_2"><div class="row text-align_left"><div class="col-sm-xl-12 flex-col"><a href="/lifestyle/gastronomie/comment-les-piments-ont-envahi-les-plats-des-restaurants-et-nos-cuisines-20241129_7G6MM4J3GJBO3GBJ266FW4YMYM/" title="Les piments tous fous, tout flamme : comment ils ont envahi les 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margin-xs-left">abonnés</span></div></div></div></article></div></div></div><div class="ItemChainElement__ItemElementLayout-sc-1c74lbk-0 keBvAW col-sm-12 col-md-xl-4 layout-section"><div><div class="custom-card-list"><article class="container-fluid large-promo themes_promo margin-sm-bottom border border_solid border_bottom border_color_grey_2"><div class="row text-align_left"><div class="col-sm-xl-12 flex-col"><a href="/lifestyle/intimites/coloc-story-quand-je-rentre-le-soir-elle-devine-a-ma-tete-comment-je-vais-20241129_IRN5Q5BW4VBWLHOT3BDN26SILI/" title="Coloc story : «Quand je rentre le soir, elle devine à ma tête comment je vais»"><div><div class="sc-kSzVC sc-bxdjLI cSDozW ftfuWe"></div></div></a></div><div class="col-sm-xl-12 flex-col margin-xs-bottom"><a href="/lifestyle/intimites/coloc-story-quand-je-rentre-le-soir-elle-devine-a-ma-tete-comment-je-vais-20241129_IRN5Q5BW4VBWLHOT3BDN26SILI/" class="Overline-sc-1o7iuj5-0 dCtggU">Témoignage</a><a href="/lifestyle/intimites/coloc-story-quand-je-rentre-le-soir-elle-devine-a-ma-tete-comment-je-vais-20241129_IRN5Q5BW4VBWLHOT3BDN26SILI/" class="decoration_none color_grey_4" title="Coloc story : «Quand je rentre le soir, elle devine à ma tête comment je vais»"><h2 class="Headline-sc-16el3pa-0 hoFQxA font_lg-libe font_primary font_primary_spacing-0-6 font_normal margin-xs-bottom ">Coloc story : «Quand je rentre le soir, elle devine à ma tête comment je vais»</h2></a><div class="article-meta"><span class="font_xxs font_tertiary color_grey ">29 nov. 2024</span><span class="color_yellow_2 font_xxs font_tertiary margin-xs-left">abonnés</span></div></div></div></article></div></div></div><div class="ItemChainElement__ItemElementLayout-sc-1c74lbk-0 kwKUVH col-sm-12 col-md-xl-4 layout-section"><div><div class="custom-card-list"><article class="container-fluid large-promo themes_promo margin-sm-bottom border border_solid border_bottom border_color_grey_2"><div class="row text-align_left"><div 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2024</span><span class="color_yellow_2 font_xxs font_tertiary margin-xs-left">abonnés</span></div></div></div></article></div></div></div></div></div></div><article class="CustomContentListItem__Article-sc-2hcki7-0 euEONJ"><a href="/lifestyle/mode/une-etiquette-pour-indiquer-le-cout-environnemental-des-vetements-20241128_7QEILKQ3G5DPZDLJ4OFJCQFNGM/" title="Une étiquette pour indiquer le coût environnemental des vêtements" class="CustomContentListItem__Link-sc-2hcki7-2 kPzBgo"><div class="sc-jwHExh fVfTac"><div class="sc-jhRauI hnifpl"></div><div class="sc-jhRauI bpFydt"><div direction="column" class="sc-jwHExh hMZcIk"><div class="sc-jhRauI gnbSrH"><div color="#E60004" class="sc-iRaSfU gKKCcS">Mode</div></div><div class="sc-jhRauI sc-KiOns gnbSrH hggVri"><h2 color="#1A1A1A" class="sc-iRaSfU ExWvp">Une étiquette pour indiquer le coût environnemental des vêtements</h2></div><div class="sc-jhRauI gnbSrH"><div class="sc-cZbDLb iNhCDl"><div color="#A3A3A3" class="sc-iRaSfU sc-cKkZIC gpwLdt hURIox">28 nov. 2024</div></div><div class="sc-cZbDLb iNhCDl"></div></div></div></div></div></a></article><hr class="CustomContentListItem__Divider-sc-2hcki7-1 kcHddm"/><article class="CustomContentListItem__Article-sc-2hcki7-0 euEONJ"><a href="/lifestyle/consommation/black-friday-il-y-a-un-transfert-des-achats-de-produits-plutot-onereux-vers-des-achats-du-quotidien-20241128_65P4PLBDQVGU5DNKEV5DL2S7QU/" title="Black Friday : «Il y a un transfert des achats de produits plutôt onéreux vers des achats du quotidien»" class="CustomContentListItem__Link-sc-2hcki7-2 kPzBgo"><div class="sc-jwHExh fVfTac"><div class="sc-jhRauI hnifpl"></div><div class="sc-jhRauI bpFydt"><div direction="column" class="sc-jwHExh hMZcIk"><div class="sc-jhRauI gnbSrH"><div color="#E60004" class="sc-iRaSfU gKKCcS">Interview</div></div><div class="sc-jhRauI sc-KiOns gnbSrH hggVri"><h2 color="#1A1A1A" class="sc-iRaSfU ExWvp">Black Friday : «Il y a un transfert des achats de produits plutôt onéreux vers des achats du quotidien»</h2></div><div class="sc-jhRauI gnbSrH"><div class="sc-cZbDLb iNhCDl"><div color="#A3A3A3" class="sc-iRaSfU sc-cKkZIC gpwLdt hURIox">28 nov. 2024</div><div color="#EEB54E" class="sc-iRaSfU gzQSYJ">Abonnés</div></div><div class="sc-cZbDLb iNhCDl"></div></div></div></div></div></a></article><hr class="CustomContentListItem__Divider-sc-2hcki7-1 kcHddm"/><article class="CustomContentListItem__Article-sc-2hcki7-0 euEONJ"><a href="/economie/conso/le-black-friday-entre-lattrait-du-rabais-et-le-risque-de-mettre-de-largent-dans-des-stocks-dont-on-na-pas-forcement-besoin-20241128_AHKH7RSZD5DJ5GFN5XQ6ZD7TXU/" title="Le Black Friday, entre l’attrait du rabais et le risque de «mettre de l’argent dans des stocks dont on n’a pas forcément besoin»" class="CustomContentListItem__Link-sc-2hcki7-2 kPzBgo"><div class="sc-jwHExh fVfTac"><div class="sc-jhRauI hnifpl"></div><div class="sc-jhRauI bpFydt"><div direction="column" class="sc-jwHExh hMZcIk"><div class="sc-jhRauI gnbSrH"><div color="#E60004" class="sc-iRaSfU gKKCcS">Consommation</div></div><div class="sc-jhRauI sc-KiOns gnbSrH hggVri"><h2 color="#1A1A1A" class="sc-iRaSfU ExWvp">Le Black Friday, entre l’attrait du rabais et le risque de «mettre de l’argent dans des stocks dont on n’a pas forcément besoin»</h2></div><div class="sc-jhRauI gnbSrH"><div class="sc-cZbDLb iNhCDl"><div color="#A3A3A3" class="sc-iRaSfU sc-cKkZIC gpwLdt hURIox">28 nov. 2024</div><div color="#EEB54E" class="sc-iRaSfU gzQSYJ">Abonnés</div></div><div class="sc-cZbDLb iNhCDl"></div></div></div></div></div></a></article><hr class="CustomContentListItem__Divider-sc-2hcki7-1 kcHddm"/><article class="CustomContentListItem__Article-sc-2hcki7-0 euEONJ"><a href="/lifestyle/intimites/le-vih-et-moi-je-vis-avec-un-stress-pas-possible-quand-je-dois-passer-deux-jours-en-famille-20241128_5RQ6JMSLKJEMPNMCXHQDZ5F5HA/" title="Le VIH et moi : «Je vis avec un stress pas possible quand je dois passer deux jours en famille»" class="CustomContentListItem__Link-sc-2hcki7-2 kPzBgo"><div class="sc-jwHExh fVfTac"><div class="sc-jhRauI hnifpl"></div><div class="sc-jhRauI bpFydt"><div direction="column" class="sc-jwHExh hMZcIk"><div class="sc-jhRauI gnbSrH"><div color="#E60004" class="sc-iRaSfU gKKCcS">Témoignage</div></div><div class="sc-jhRauI sc-KiOns gnbSrH hggVri"><h2 color="#1A1A1A" class="sc-iRaSfU ExWvp">Le VIH et moi : «Je vis avec un stress pas possible quand je dois passer deux jours en famille»</h2></div><div class="sc-jhRauI gnbSrH"><div class="sc-cZbDLb iNhCDl"><div color="#A3A3A3" class="sc-iRaSfU sc-cKkZIC gpwLdt hURIox">28 nov. 2024</div><div color="#EEB54E" class="sc-iRaSfU gzQSYJ">Abonnés</div></div><div class="sc-cZbDLb iNhCDl"></div></div></div></div></div></a></article><hr class="CustomContentListItem__Divider-sc-2hcki7-1 kcHddm"/><article class="CustomContentListItem__Article-sc-2hcki7-0 euEONJ"><a href="/portraits/ionna-vautrin-notre-dame-des-chaises-20241127_SZDTNZPJXNC67PUPYM727XG7TY/" title="Ionna Vautrin, notre dame des chaises" class="CustomContentListItem__Link-sc-2hcki7-2 kPzBgo"><div class="sc-jwHExh fVfTac"><div class="sc-jhRauI hnifpl"></div><div class="sc-jhRauI bpFydt"><div direction="column" class="sc-jwHExh hMZcIk"><div class="sc-jhRauI gnbSrH"><div color="#E60004" class="sc-iRaSfU gKKCcS">Le portrait</div></div><div class="sc-jhRauI sc-KiOns gnbSrH hggVri"><h2 color="#1A1A1A" class="sc-iRaSfU ExWvp">Ionna Vautrin, notre dame des chaises</h2></div><div class="sc-jhRauI gnbSrH"><div class="sc-cZbDLb iNhCDl"><div color="#A3A3A3" class="sc-iRaSfU sc-cKkZIC gpwLdt hURIox">27 nov. 2024</div><div color="#EEB54E" class="sc-iRaSfU gzQSYJ">Abonnés</div></div><div class="sc-cZbDLb iNhCDl"></div></div></div></div></div></a></article><hr class="CustomContentListItem__Divider-sc-2hcki7-1 kcHddm"/><article class="CustomContentListItem__Article-sc-2hcki7-0 euEONJ"><a href="/societe/le-black-friday-loccasion-quand-on-na-pas-trop-dargent-de-se-payer-ce-quon-veut-a-pas-cher-20241127_BPOT73X4DFBS7EQTE6KXN6V6XE/" title="Le Black Friday, l’occasion «quand on n’a pas trop d’argent, de se payer ce qu’on veut à pas cher»" class="CustomContentListItem__Link-sc-2hcki7-2 kPzBgo"><div class="sc-jwHExh fVfTac"><div class="sc-jhRauI hnifpl"></div><div class="sc-jhRauI bpFydt"><div direction="column" class="sc-jwHExh hMZcIk"><div class="sc-jhRauI gnbSrH"><div color="#E60004" class="sc-iRaSfU gKKCcS">Consommation</div></div><div class="sc-jhRauI sc-KiOns gnbSrH hggVri"><h2 color="#1A1A1A" class="sc-iRaSfU ExWvp">Le Black Friday, l’occasion «quand on n’a pas trop d’argent, de se payer ce qu’on veut à pas cher»</h2></div><div class="sc-jhRauI gnbSrH"><div class="sc-cZbDLb iNhCDl"><div color="#A3A3A3" class="sc-iRaSfU sc-cKkZIC gpwLdt hURIox">27 nov. 2024</div><div color="#EEB54E" class="sc-iRaSfU gzQSYJ">Abonnés</div></div><div class="sc-cZbDLb 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«vaut» environnementalement parlant ce sweat acheté chez COS (groupe H&M) l’hiver dernier ? Et ce jogging en cachemire d’Eric Bompard offert par mamie au noël 2022 ? Quatre longues années après la loi climat et résilience, promulguée dans le sillage de la Convention citoyenne pour le climat, l’affichage du coût environnemental de nos vêtements devrait se concrétiser prochainement et pourrait apparaître dans les rayons au printemps 2025, souhaite la ministre de la Transition écologique, Agnès Pannier-Runacher."},{"_id":"L45WF5F7U5ERVL5RNVEFVFL65Q","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732788388443},"type":"text","content":"<a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/consommation/black-friday-non-vous-navez-pas-besoin-dun-robot-laveur-de-vitres-20241124_LXDUUAYYCNHBLNZ4R3BMJZRBJA/\" target=\"_blank\">Tandis les promotions liées au Black Friday</a> assaillent les consommateurs, la ministre a profité de son passage à l’Institut français de la mode ce jeudi 28 novembre pour lancer la consultation publique (qui s’achèvera le 19 décembre) sur cet affichage. Celui-ci doit encore être examiné par la Commission européenne. Avant qu’un arrêté et un décret ne soient peut-être publiés au Journal officiel <i>«vers le printemps 2025»</i> pour en fixer les modalités."},{"_id":"4VINQ35TM5C5DOEPW4JN4YHFAI","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732813377871},"type":"text","content":"La mesure est basée sur le volontariat, aucun caractère obligatoire n’est <i>«pour l’instant»</i> à l’ordre du jour bien qu’une telle obligation soit inscrite dans la loi climat et résilience, a reconnu le cabinet de la ministre."},{"level":2,"_id":"OYMKNXAN2ND3PH2M3B3VT7D3PM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[]},"type":"header","content":"Plus la note grimpe et plus le produit est polluant"},{"_id":"IHBZDGBHDJAKBLRIAPLT6BOZ74","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732813377872},"type":"text","content":"Le coût de chaque produit est fixé selon seize critères établis par l’Environmental Footprint Methods, recommandé par l’Union européenne (mais non obligatoire), dont les émissions de gaz à effet de serre, la consommation d’eau ou la toxicité. La méthode française y ajoute trois critères supplémentaires : les possibilités de recyclage, le relargage de fibres microplastiques (ce qui est rejeté lors du lavage) et un <i>«coefficient de fast fashion», </i>notamment les volumes de production pour pénaliser <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/mode/fast-fashion-comment-lui-tailler-un-costard-20240312_DAGPIPST5BFETFV6RJNOQ7TRGE/\" target=\"_blank\">les grands acteurs</a> qui inondent la planète chaque semaine."},{"_id":"A2IMDCNVIVAVZBDP5UA52BZDOI","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732813377873},"type":"text","content":"Les marques pourront mentionner ce score directement sur une étiquette du produit ou via un QR code, ou encore de manière dématérialisée sur leur site internet. <a href=\"https://ecobalyse.beta.gouv.fr/\" target=\"_blank\">Ecobalyse, un outil numérique</a>, mis en ligne en avril par le gouvernement et toujours en version bêta, permet déjà aux entreprises de noter leurs produits."},{"_id":"T5562DIOKZEYBKSQNVXIDPOT3M","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732809595134},"type":"text","content":"Plus la note grimpe et plus le produit est polluant. Ce qui donnerait, comme l’indique le ministère de la Transition écologique à nos confrères de <a href=\"https://www.ouest-france.fr/economie/budget/voici-a-quoi-va-ressembler-la-nouvelle-etiquette-environnementale-sur-le-textile-617e62ee-acf9-11ef-9f0f-abd6acfb270c\" target=\"_blank\"><i>Ouest-France</i></a> : <i>«Un tee-shirt en coton bio fabriqué en France, porté en moyenne 64 jours, sera noté 383, alors qu’un tee-shirt synthétique conçu en Asie, transporté par avion et porté 23 jours, sera noté 1 252.»</i> Un système de points a été jugé plus juste qu’un code couleur comme le Nutri-Score, qui n’aurait <i>«pas reflété la réalité»</i>, indique Agnès Pannier-Runacher au <a href=\"https://www.femmeactuelle.fr/actu/news-actu/la-mauvaise-qualite-ca-coute-on-achete-plus-souvent-cette-nouvelle-etiquette-va-vous-aider-a-mieux-acheter-vos-vetements-2184722\" target=\"_blank\">site de <i>Femme actuelle</i></a>. <i>«Un manteau aura une note plus élevée qu’un tee-shirt</i>, donne-t-elle pour exemple. <i>C’est logique puisqu’il consomme plus de matière, il est aussi plus lourd à transporter, mais un manteau dure plus longtemps qu’un tee-shirt ou une paire de chaussettes, et ce n’est pas le même usage. Le consommateur pourra donc regarder en rayon des produits comparables. Et petit à petit, comme pour les prix, il va intégrer un ordre de grandeur par catégorie d’objets.»</i>"},{"level":2,"_id":"AVT2N3RQNVHBBAXEDGG5TLQW2E","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[]},"type":"header","content":"Une proposition de loi contre la fast-fashion au Parlement"},{"_id":"DX5BETMQBJFWZL5PXMNIM2KSC4","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732788388447},"type":"text","content":"<a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/mode/proposition-de-loi-sur-la-fast-fashion-quest-ce-que-cela-va-changer-20240314_PBZ4D2LCLBDVJMKR66GYF4T4OQ/?redirected=1\" target=\"_blank\">L</a><a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/mode/proposition-de-loi-sur-la-fast-fashion-quest-ce-que-cela-va-changer-20240314_PBZ4D2LCLBDVJMKR66GYF4T4OQ/?redirected=1\" target=\"_blank\">a proposition de loi contre la fast-fashion</a> adoptée par l’Assemblée nationale le 14 mars, et qui doit encore être présentée au Sénat, prévoit que le bonus-malus sanctionnant les entreprises de la fast et de l’ultra fast-fashion soit calculé en fonction du score qu’obtiennent leurs produits."},{"_id":"W5NUNSWH7VAADLQVO73FDXUYJ4","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732811108444},"type":"text","content":"La ministre a rappelé qu’il y a cinq ans, les volumes des colis envoyés par Shein et Temu représentaient moins de 5% des colis de la Poste contre 22% désormais. Les Français ont par ailleurs augmenté de 40% le nombre de pièces dans leur garde-robe ces quinze dernières années."}],"subheadlines":{"basic":"Le ministère de la Transition écologique souhaite que l’impact environnemental de nos vêtements soit affiché sur les étiquettes au printemps 2025."},"description":{"basic":"Le ministère de la Transition écologique souhaite que l’impact environnemental de nos vêtements soit affiché sur les étiquettes au printemps 2025."},"language":"","source":{"system":"composer","name":"liberation","source_type":"staff"},"taxonomy":{"primary_site":{"path":"/lifestyle/mode","parent_id":"/lifestyle","name":"Mode","description":"Suivez les tendances de la mode, l'actualité des personnalités de la couture, les looks du moment sur 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d’achat persistante, le <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/economie/economie-numerique/black-friday-les-commercants-multiplient-de-maniere-totalement-artificielle-les-occasions-de-depenser-20231123_G44MSXRXBFGRXEFZRSRQ2H3ZGQ/\" target=\"_blank\">Black Friday</a> (ou vendredi noir) continue de faire son trou dans l’Hexagone. En 2023, selon une <a href=\"https://enov.fr/blog/actus/flash-conso-black-friday-2023\">étude du cabinet Enov</a>, 67 % des Français ont fait du shopping lors de cet événement de remises commerciales. Soit une hausse de 15 points par rapport à 2020. Ce rendez-vous traditionnel anglo-saxon tombe, cette année, le vendredi 29 novembre. Une date que certains guettent avec impatience. Un jeune (18-24 ans) sur deux a prévu d’aller dénicher des bonnes affaires à cette occasion, détaille un sondage OpinionWay pour la plateforme Bonial, guide numérique (internet et mobile) qui liste les promotions des distributeurs. A l’échelle nationale, ce sont 29 % de Français qui savent d’ores et déjà qu’ils participeront à ces promotions de fin d’année. Dans un contexte difficile, l’édition 2024 sera, pour un répondant sur cinq, <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/economie/conso/le-black-friday-entre-lattrait-du-rabais-et-le-risque-de-mettre-de-largent-dans-des-stocks-dont-on-na-pas-forcement-besoin-20241128_AHKH7RSZD5DJ5GFN5XQ6ZD7TXU/\" target=\"_blank\">l’occasion de traquer les rabais sur les produits du quotidien au détriment des articles coûteux</a>. Un changement de comportement que l’on mesure également dans le budget moyen envisagé. Estimé à 388 euros, il est en baisse de 28 euros par rapport au sondage de l’an dernier. Laurent Landel, président de Bonial, revient pour <i>Libération</i> sur les grandes tendances de la quatrième édition de leur rapport."},{"subtype":"title_only","_id":"BJDWCJX74ZAWBGYT5DEOXQ65SY","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"_id":"KGGP7CBCU5CCHCYZCRUH6USF2I"},"title":"A lire aussi","type":"link_list","items":[{"description":{"_id":"DUPMLHOYFZAVJGU7MB5KFFALGE","type":"text","content":""},"_id":"K3I2XSXO55EPRFU44XMFKLM6E4","type":"interstitial_link","content":"Black Friday : non, vous n’avez pas besoin d’un robot laveur de vitres","url":"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/consommation/black-friday-non-vous-navez-pas-besoin-dun-robot-laveur-de-vitres-20241124_LXDUUAYYCNHBLNZ4R3BMJZRBJA/"}]},{"_id":"B7L4D6TF5NCYTIQS7KSBRCHMHM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732702145795},"type":"text","content":"<b>Assistons-nous à une réorientation des emplettes du Black Friday en France ?</b>"},{"_id":"DLC65HYGKFDAPIGRAMHF43F3BY","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732702145796},"type":"text","content":"Le Black Friday est un temps fort commercial qui nous vient des Etats-Unis. Il est né chez les <i>pure players [sites web et applications mobiles, ndlr]</i> qui vendaient à prix cassés des produits d’équipement de la maison souvent très hi-tech. Pour être caricatural, c’était le moment de l’année où vous alliez avoir au meilleur prix le nouvel écran plasma que vous reluquiez depuis très longtemps. Je pense que la très forte séquence inflationniste qu’on a vécue ces dernières années a eu un impact sur le comportement des consommateurs. Nombre d’entre eux se privent et font des arbitrages sur leur budget. Nous sommes dans une situation où le “vouloir d’achat”, c’est-à-dire la propension des ménages à se faire plaisir, à dépenser de l’argent pour des produits courants notamment, ne cesse de progresser. Tandis que le pouvoir d’achat stagne. Cela génère d’ailleurs de la frustration. Ce sentiment prédomine pour 76 % des Français au moment d’évoquer leur <a href=\"https://landing.bonial.com/fr/survey-pouvoir-achat-vouloir-achat-vague-11\" target=\"_blank\">rapport au pouvoir d’achat</a>. Cela explique en partie pourquoi on est passé en France d’un Black Friday jadis favorable aux produits non essentiels à une réorientation vers de l’acquisition de produits du quotidien (textile, beauté et hygiène, produits de bricolage ou jardinage…)."},{"_id":"C2ZL2GZOMFAA7O2EV76MKHFXZY","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732702145797},"type":"text","content":"<b>Comment interprétez vous la baisse du budget moyen ?</b>"},{"_id":"3GI6T54S7BESFPWKC6DJN37YDA","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[{"date":"2024-11-27T16:39:48.721Z","start":817,"end":819,"text":"att","user":"Clément ZAGNONI","email":"c.zagnoni@liberation.fr"},{"date":"2024-11-27T16:39:59.629Z","start":1173,"end":1175,"text":"att","user":"Clément ZAGNONI","email":"c.zagnoni@liberation.fr"},{"date":"2024-11-27T16:40:09.653Z","start":1097,"end":1099,"text":"att","user":"Clément ZAGNONI","email":"c.zagnoni@liberation.fr"}],"_id":1732702145798},"type":"text","content":"On constate que les Français vont ajuster leur comportement en étant un peu plus attentif aux prix, en recherchant plus systématiquement des promotions et en achetant un peu plus de marques de distributeurs que de marques nationales. Ce qui reste encore un arbitrage acceptable. Pour d’autres, nous sommes déjà dans de violents renoncements. Depuis la séquence inflationniste, certains disent acheter moins de produits frais, moins de fruits et légumes, moins de viande, moins de poisson. On en a beaucoup moins parlé, mais certains sacrifient également les produits d’hygiène. Si on rentre dans le détail de notre étude, 28 % des Français prévoient de profiter des remises sur les produits d’hygiène et de beauté. Ce chiffre est en progression de 6 points par rapport à notre précédente enquête. Par ailleurs, 45 % (+8) d’entre eux se tournent vers le prêt-à-porter. Ainsi les domaines de dépenses traditionnels du Black Friday sont en recul : 15 % (-3) pour les smartphones, 14 % (-2) pour les ordinateurs, 8 % (-4) pour les téléviseurs, tandis qu’ils privilégient les articles de sport à 21 % (+8) ou encore les appareils audio (écouteurs, casques ou enceintes) à 18 % (+6). On voit bien qu’il y a un transfert assez manifeste de l’acquisition de produits plutôt onéreux vers soit des produits du quotidien, soit des produits d’équipement qu’on a peut-être remis à plus tard pour des raisons budgétaires. D’ailleurs, de plus en plus d’enseignes, notamment alimentaires, jouent le jeu du Black Friday. Certains ménages vont donc en profiter pour se faire plaisir ou pour reconstituer un peu de stock sur ces produits de consommation courante."},{"subtype":"title_only","_id":"YWV5RILAABCQLMMXYQJZFRN3SU","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"_id":"YNNGYCB7HBCEFBOE3S6QTVBFHA"},"title":"A lire aussi","type":"link_list","items":[{"description":{"_id":"M3T3DWGU6FB6JPUDOFG6DER3EY","type":"text","content":""},"_id":"ARCFDNY6ENBTPJ6XXFKA7PXEXM","type":"interstitial_link","content":"Louer plutôt qu’acheter, c’est aussi possible pour les objets du quotidien","url":"https://www.liberation.fr/economie/conso/louer-plutot-quacheter-cest-aussi-possible-pour-les-objets-du-quotidien-20241121_PM7VSAHUTFG2JMUGOPRERUPISA/"}]},{"_id":"4DFCTW7CJNCW3LUHU252SGGHWQ","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[{"date":"2024-11-27T16:40:21.284Z","start":45,"end":47,"text":"att","user":"Clément ZAGNONI","email":"c.zagnoni@liberation.fr"}],"_id":1732702145799},"type":"text","content":"<b>Autre élément significatif, 79 % des sondés (+4) affirment profiter de cette période pour réaliser leurs courses de Noël.</b>"},{"_id":"GZNYV6NFPBDUVP2ADM3HD4T4EM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732702145800},"type":"text","content":"Une tendance se dégage assez clairement : les Français deviennent de plus en plus des <i>smart shoppers [des acheteurs malins, ndlr].</i> Il y a un côté presque ludique à anticiper, faire la chasse aux bonnes affaires, à optimiser son budget pour essayer de réduire cette distance entre le vouloir et le pouvoir d’achat. Et puis ça dit aussi quelque chose de la volonté de certains Français d’acheter neuf pour Noël. Il y a une petite musique parisianiste qui consiste à parler de triomphe de la seconde main avec Vinted, Leboncoin, etc. <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/mode/marche-de-la-seconde-main-des-tonnes-de-vetements-voyagent-dun-bout-a-lautre-de-la-planete-pour-parfois-revenir-a-leur-point-de-depart-20240414_YMKIDUE5JFCSTA6BFWC6OVBP5I/?redirected=1\" target=\"_blank\">L’intérêt pour la seconde main est réel</a>. Mais il suffit de se rendre dans un magasin Action un samedi, en province ou en banlieue, pour se rendre compte que beaucoup de Français ont envie d’acheter du neuf. Et cela dit quelque chose de cette volonté d’appartenance des revenus les plus modestes à la société de consommation."}],"subheadlines":{"basic":"Dans un contexte de perte de pouvoir d’achat, un sondage acte la volonté des Français de se détourner des produits non essentiels, traditionnellement prisés, au profit d’achats du quotidien."},"description":{"basic":"Dans un contexte de perte de pouvoir d’achat, un sondage acte la volonté des Français de se détourner des produits non essentiels, traditionnellement prisés, au profit d’achats du quotidien."},"language":"","source":{"system":"composer","name":"liberation","source_type":"staff"},"taxonomy":{"primary_site":{"path":"/lifestyle/consommation","parent_id":"/lifestyle","name":"Consommation","description":"Retrouvez toute l'actualité sur la consommation : derniers articles, analyses, photos et vidéos de la rubrique Consommation de Libération.","_id":"/lifestyle/consommation","additional_properties":{"original":{"parent":{"default":"/lifestyle","burgermenu":"/lifestyle"},"site":{"pagebuilder_path_for_native_apps":null,"site_url":null,"site_keywords":null,"site_about":null,"site_description":"Retrouvez toute l'actualité sur la consommation : derniers articles, analyses, photos et vidéos de la rubrique Consommation de Libération.","site_title":"Toute l'actualité sur la consommation - 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de 56 ans reconnaît <i>«faire bien attention»</i> au <i>«trou dans le budget»</i> car c’est <i>«devenu difficile»</i>. Ce mercredi 27 novembre, il est en repérage dans la petite zone commerciale de Saint-Jeoire-Prieuré, au sud de l’agglomération de Chambéry, parmi les plus pauvres de Savoie. Sur le parking d’un supermarché discount, cet agent d’entretien détaille sa liste pour <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/societe/le-black-friday-loccasion-quand-on-na-pas-trop-dargent-de-se-payer-ce-quon-veut-a-pas-cher-20241127_BPOT73X4DFBS7EQTE6KXN6V6XE/\" target=\"_blank\">d’éventuels rabais à l’occasion du Black Friday</a> : <i>«Les pâtes, le riz, le sucre, la farine, le sel, l’huile, les pommes de terre…»</i> <i>«Tout ce qui est simple»</i> pour pouvoir <i>«mettre de côté les choses»</i>. <i>«Le pain, ma femme le fait à la maison et on congèle les aromates comme l’ail. On stocke aussi beaucoup de thym, du cumin et du paprika si on tombe sur de la bonne qualité, on essaie de minimiser les coûts comme on peut»</i>, explique celui qui gagne 1200 euros par mois. Le décompte est vite fait : <i>«On a 219 euros de loyer à payer, avec les factures, ça va vite, il nous reste autour de 400 euros pour deux et pour la nourriture, on dépense entre 150 et 200 euros par mois.»</i>"},{"_id":"VIGZ3XQ3KFFRREZAYJKFCQHZWM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732727973388},"type":"text","content":"Rhaled <i>«trouve dommage»</i> d’être conditionné par la chasse aux promos dans les grandes surfaces, qu’il s’agisse d’une journée ou du reste de l’année. Il aimerait plus de <i>«justice économique»</i> et d’<i>«autonomie»</i> alimentaire : <i>«Plus les prix augmentent, plus ça nous pousse à nous débrouiller en faisant les choses nous-mêmes, ce n’est peut-être pas si mal. Sinon, on consomme en fermant les yeux alors qu’on pourrait produire plus via notre agriculture et encourager les producteurs plutôt que d’aller se servir dans d’autres pays.»</i>"},{"subtype":"title_only","_id":"4IPN42EAFFD7FJZY3PDIBJMMBA","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"_id":"SWPEFVA55ZCSPIIAAIQCX6VGWU"},"title":"Billet","type":"link_list","items":[{"description":{"_id":"26NVSEIG3NFXROAWKFIU3HZJVM","type":"text","content":""},"_id":"56N5JQUI7VC7RDAQZ5JSGGLDEA","type":"interstitial_link","content":"Black Friday : non, vous n’avez pas besoin d’un robot laveur de vitres","url":"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/consommation/black-friday-non-vous-navez-pas-besoin-dun-robot-laveur-de-vitres-20241124_LXDUUAYYCNHBLNZ4R3BMJZRBJA/"}]},{"_id":"BPHPZ5UEKZEELJNFB3EDUIVGZA","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732726938263},"type":"text","content":"Sur le parking d’à côté, une enseigne de grande distribution classique, Joshua, 24 ans, charge sa voiture. Son souci : la viande. <i>«On prend moins ou pas de viande rouge, la plus chère.»</i> Cet ouvrier intérimaire, qui travaille en 3/8 sur une chaîne d’embouteillage de sirop, n’a pas prévu de faire des réserves aujourd’hui. Mais il est tombé sur un lot de 12 tranches de jambon à prix cassé : <i>«Ça se congèle bien.»</i> Joshua n’est pas sûr de faire des courses à nouveau vendredi. Il ne prend déjà plus que <i>«des pâtes en lot»</i>, <i>«des œufs en plaques»</i>. Son <i>«bon»</i> salaire – près de 2 000 euros net – lui permet de vivre avec sa copine encore étudiante. <i>«On fait attention pour s’accorder des petits plaisirs, comme à Noël.»</i> Récemment, à la caisse d’un discount, il a croisé une collecte de la banque alimentaire : <i>«Je ne suis pas contre, mais déjà que nous, on se prive…»</i>"},{"_id":"CRHMSLY5EVEEJAL74SXXAYU4O4","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732726938264},"type":"text","content":"Autre zone périurbaine, mais même faible intérêt pour les promesses publicitaires du Black Friday : Michèle, 65 ans, vit sur une<a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/economie/social/au-supermarche-face-a-linflation-aujourdhui-pour-30-euros-vous-navez-plus-rien-20230331_U5FYX34HONHYBFXLN72WVA2Y7Y/&xtor=CS7-51-/?redirected=1\" target=\"_blank\"> colline au-dessus de la Tour-du-Pin</a>, dans le nord de l’Isère. Cette coiffeuse retraitée juge l’opération <i>«pas si intéressante, les différences de prix ne sont pas flagrantes en réalité»</i>. Et ça l’embête de <i>«mettre de l’argent dans des stocks dont on n’a pas forcément besoin, des articles dont [elle ne va] rien faire dans l’immédiat»</i>."},{"_id":"5HSSULOLUFFLNGKS5UK6LZE7GU","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732725362972},"type":"text","content":"Michèle boucle son mois avec 1 000 euros, à la suite d’une <i>«très bonne surprise»</i> : un recalcul de sa pension de retraite. <i>«Je touche 63 euros de plus qu’avant, j’ai senti la différence.»</i> Son budget alimentation : 50 euros par semaine. Celle qui regrette que le <i>«bio soit devenu très difficile d’accès»</i> et qui fonctionne <i>«au système D»</i>, fait son pain, comme son potager, ce qui lui permet d’être <i>«autonome à 80 %»</i> en fruits et légumes. Il y a bien certains produits dont elle surveille les prix et qu’elle met de côté, des <i>«matières premières, comme je fais beaucoup de choses moi-même»</i>. Dans ses placards, il y a <i>«toujours du sucre, du lait, de l’huile d’avance»</i>. Et surtout de la farine <i>«qui ne vient pas de l’autre bout de l’Europe»</i> : <i>«Dernièrement, dans un magasin, pour un paquet acheté, le second était à 50 %. Et c’est de la farine d’un moulin local, faite par un artisan.»</i>"}],"subheadlines":{"basic":"En Savoie et en Isère, «Libé» a rencontré des consommateurs de plus en plus attentifs à leurs dépenses alimentaires, et qui ne comptent pas forcément profiter des réductions du dernier vendredi de novembre."},"description":{"basic":"En Savoie et en Isère, «Libé» a rencontré des consommateurs de plus en plus attentifs à leurs dépenses alimentaires, et qui ne comptent pas forcément profiter des réductions du dernier vendredi de novembre."},"language":"","source":{"system":"composer","name":"liberation","source_type":"staff"},"taxonomy":{"primary_site":{"path":"/economie/conso","parent_id":"/economie","name":"Conso","description":null,"_id":"/economie/conso","additional_properties":{"original":{"parent":{"default":"/economie"},"navigation":{"nav_title":"Conso"},"site":{"pagebuilder_path_for_native_apps":null,"site_url":null,"site_keywords":"Retrouvez toute l'actualité conso et ses enjeux : derniers articles, analyses et témoignages sur « Libération ». 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Pourtant, selon l’association Aides, </b><a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/dossier/40-ans-aides/\"><b>qui fête cet automne ses 40 ans</b></a><b> en collaboration avec </b><i><b>Libé</b></i><b> </b><a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/forums/aides-a-40-ans-raviver-les-memoires-et-se-projeter-20241018_F4DKWVFYYZHRFJ7IUNEZ4NCG4Q/\"><b>lors d’un grand raout de conférences le 30 novembre</b></a><b>, les idées reçues sur le VIH et les personnes séropositives sont tenaces. Dans son témoignage, Mariama (1), 34 ans, aide à domicile en région parisienne, narre comment elle commence à retrouver une sexualité un an après son diagnostic.</b>"},{"_id":"NYSMOVRFMFGBFOLSSQMJDL4LGM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732201504841},"type":"text","content":"«Je suis bénévole pour une ONG de lutte contre le sida, donc j’ai l’habitude de me faire dépister régulièrement. Je suis aussi demandeuse d’asile. En septembre 2023, cela fait un an que je suis sur le territoire français. Je fais donc un nouveau bilan de santé dans un laboratoire. C’est là que je découvre ma séropositivité. Sur le moment, c’est vraiment difficile, je n’y crois pas et je n’accepte pas ce diagnostic qui tombe du jour au lendemain. C’est comme si la terre arrêtait de tourner, comme si j’étais dans un trou noir. Je ne me retrouve plus et je veux en finir. D’autant que je ne sais pas comment j’ai contracté le VIH. Pourtant, j’ai quelques notions."},{"_id":"L6F5DWIUZBGIJFKSBO4R73CH34","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732201504842},"type":"text","content":"«Je suis prise en charge mais j’ai du mal à prendre <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/societe/sante/traitement-du-vih-une-injection-tous-les-deux-mois-et-basta-20211221_BCFH5ELOLNE2LAORJHW6SNE3VA/\" target=\"_blank\">mes traitements</a>. Avec le temps, je commence à accepter mon statut, disons à 50 %. Je suis accompagnée par des associations comme Actions Traitements, ça m’aide et me remonte le moral. Mais c’est impossible d’en parler avec quelqu’un de poche. Je vis avec ce stress pas possible quand je dois passer deux jours en famille ou chez ma sœur, ils ont l’habitude de fouiller dans les affaires et j’ai peur qu’il découvre que je vis avec le VIH. Donc je ne prends pas les médicaments avec moi, ils pourraient aller se renseigner à la pharmacie. Ensuite, ils diraient que je suis une prostituée."},{"_id":"BXSJRZVUNZAKLDBYPLAUO5UWHM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732201504843},"type":"text","content":"«Le secret, c’est aussi une manière de protéger mon enfant. J’ai de nouveau des rapports sexuels depuis un mois. Et même si le médecin m’a confirmé que ma charge virale est indétectable depuis plus de six mois, j’ai toujours cette crainte de contaminer. Je suis bisexuelle. En présence de mes partenaires, je fais comme si je prenais du Doliprane. <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/france/2018/11/30/victimes-de-serophobie-ils-se-taisent-ou-encaissent_1695361/\" target=\"_blank\">J’ai peur qu’ils apprennent que je suis séropositive</a>, je veux bien leur dire, mais je crains leur réaction et le rejet. C’est pourquoi je ne dis rien."},{"subtype":"title_only","_id":"JSKF7ZTA4BBVVBA7YLKOL7HIQ4","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"_id":"NGTHIZLEAVFGTPZS6HB2TFT3M4"},"title":"Premier épisode","type":"link_list","items":[{"description":{"_id":"TTGEIHYDXNHBJBPL5DF6BIK7Q4","type":"text","content":""},"_id":"BYZI43UPAFEGTBYTJX2VIJFIMQ","type":"interstitial_link","content":"Le VIH et moi : «Faut-il le dire lorsqu’une relation débute ? Et à quel moment ?»","url":"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/intimites/le-vih-et-moi-faut-il-le-dire-lorsquune-relation-debute-et-a-quel-moment-20241126_GMAXGQCBWFENFOXE5Y6JEY3ERA/"}]},{"_id":"TOF36XHDTNAKFEWKABNXZKUC6M","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732201504844},"type":"text","content":"«J’ai repris ma sexualité car j’ai vu une sexologue qui m’a fait comprendre beaucoup de choses. Avant le VIH, j’avais une vie sexuelle très active, notamment à Abidjan, d’où je viens. J’aime le sexe, c’est un antidépresseur et un refuge. Comme <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/societe/droits-des-femmes/excision-la-paix-procuree-par-la-reconstruction-est-bien-plus-importante-que-le-respect-de-la-tradition-20210309_VX3GD4MHT5GQHBEACXW5ZZTR2Y/\" target=\"_blank\">j’ai subi une excision</a>, je cherche ce plaisir dont mes copines parlent. Aujourd’hui, je suis plus précautionneuse avec mes partenaires, je les invite aussi à se faire dépister. Mais je me sens aussi plus épanouie qu’il y a quelques mois du fait de refaire l’amour. Je me dis que c’est le temps qui va m’aider. Cela fait à peine un an. Je prends bien mon traitement, c’est déjà un grand pas pour moi.»"},{"_id":"LP5OZZZHZRFCDGEJ22NFOMUX7E","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732201504845},"type":"text","content":"(1) Le prénom a été modifié."}],"subheadlines":{"basic":"Comment vit-on sa sexualité quand on a moins de 35 ans et qu’on est séropositif à une époque où les années sida sont censées être loin derrière nous ? Pour «Libé», ils ou elles racontent comment le VIH a chamboulé leur vie et leur intimité. Dans le deuxième épisode de notre série, Mariama, 34 ans, partage sa peur d’évoquer sa séropositivité avec ses proches et partenaires sexuels."},"description":{"basic":"Comment vit-on sa sexualité quand on a moins de 35 ans et qu’on est séropositif à une époque où les années sida sont censées être loin derrière nous ? 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La <i>«solitaire»,</i> qui vit proche de sa Bretagne natale avec pour compagnon son chat noir Orso, semble tout aussi généreuse, joviale, déterminée, rigoureuse, sérieuse, exigeante ou cohérente. <i>«Je suis le repoussoir de Trump»,</i> s’amuse la designer, <i>«de gauche», </i>qui ponctue ses phrases par des éclats de rire. Une grosse heure à ses côtés, sous les voûtes immaculées de la nef du collège des Bernardins (Ve arrondissement) un matin gris d’automne, ne laisse en tout cas affleurer aucune rugosité. La créatrice indépendante, 45 ans, est en d’autres mots le reflet au carré de ses objets sculpturaux, sensibles, arrondis, colorés, ludiques et un poil espiègles. Et surtout ancrés, disons à leur juste place, dans un monde matériel en expansion qui souvent nous dépasse."},{"_id":"JQ44YIDXONG3POLTQQTDDDFYHY","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[{"date":"2024-11-24T18:40:42.755Z","start":534,"end":548,"text":"annoncé pour le 8 décembre... normalement.","user":"Elisabeth Galabert","email":"e.galabert@liberation.fr"}],"_id":1731947140963},"type":"text","content":"<i>«Ils sont vraiment à son image, sans angle, ni froideur», </i>corrobore la directrice du musée des Arts décoratifs et du Design de Bordeaux (Madd), Constance Rubini. <i>«Elle a un système de valeurs qui fait la force de son univers formel assez doux»,</i> souligne, plein de respect confraternel, le designer Erwan Bouroullec, son ex-patron. Il en va ainsi de ses toutes dernières pièces, à savoir les mille cinq cents nouvelles chaises de Notre-Dame de Paris, tout juste livrées pour la <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/societe/discours-de-macron-messe-ouverte-au-public-mondovision-la-reouverture-de-notre-dame-se-precise-20241113_UNK3WEFDGVGFDFT7SLDBGZTL34/\" target=\"_blank\">réouverture de la cathédrale parisienne</a> au public prévue début décembre. La conceptrice, nom confirmé et primé de la création contemporaine, signe avec cette <i>«marée» </i>de sièges en bois massif de chêne des Landes, conçus par les ateliers Bosc, sa première assise, <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/design/un-objet-quatre-interpretations-la-chaise-conforte-son-assise-20230904_HSFBIA7OMNDEZLQ3NGHP2MOX3E/\">un passage presque obligé</a> pour tout designer industriel. Concédant un intérêt curieux pour les choses spirituelles et l’architecture des petites églises, la laïque, qui n’a reçu aucune éducation catholique ou religieuse, ne s’imaginait pas, néanmoins, qu’elle mettrait un jour sa patte au service du sacré."},{"_id":"QCF4DC4GFVAHLOIQBQIX7VM3K4","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1731947140964},"type":"text","content":"Et encore moins, cette soirée d’avril 2019 qui voit <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/dossier/notre-dame/\">l’édifice gothique se consumer en direct à la télévision</a>. <i>«Je n’ai pas ressenti d’émotions débordantes, mais ça m’a fait quelque chose»,</i> retient Ionna Vautrin. Trois ans et une pandémie plus tard, on souffle son patronyme au diocèse parmi quatre autres pour la conception du mobilier en bois. Or un projet aussi emblématique, ça ne se refuse pas, malgré un protocole réflexif interrogeant le bien-fondé de sa participation. Elle se souvient : <i>«Je me suis posé la question : “Est-ce que j’ai le droit de participer à ce projet alors que je ne suis jamais allée au catéchisme ?” Le métier de designer, c’est de toute façon répondre à des problématiques qu’on ne connaît pas.» </i>Après deux rounds de consultation et un grand oral, sa proposition<i> «silencieuse»</i> et <i>«confortable»,</i> surtout fidèle au cahier des charges <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/portraits/laurent-ulrich-le-sphinx-de-notre-dame-20220719_QJOCP5MZYRFB5ELBW3ASJ5S53U/\">de l’archevêque Mgr Ulrich</a>, est finalement préférée <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/culture/2010/03/13/utilite-publique_614890/\">à celle de Patrick Jouin</a>. Tentative d’exégèse : <i>«Elle est très basse pour souligner la verticalité de cette cathédrale, elle s’efface face au monument, mais cela lui donne également un sens liturgique : on peut s’en servir comme prie-Dieu en s’agenouillant.»</i>"},{"_id":"5IPX2X6LLFAXPKADXRBOHDO5SI","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1731947140965},"type":"text","content":"Il y a une quinzaine d’années, l’objet qui la révèle aux profanes est une petite lampe aux traits humanoïdes : <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/design/les-best-sellers-du-design-la-binic-un-mini-phare-breton-a-la-maison-20240907_KNEMHTC36NDSRONRVZOO22KV6U/\">la Binic</a>. Dessinée pour Foscarini à la demande de cet éditeur vénitien haut de gamme, ce luminaire abordable, aux courbes accueillantes et inspiré des manches à air des bateaux, devient rapidement un best-seller (au moins 300 000 unités vendues depuis). Ce succès soudain permet à la designer de prendre son envol, libre et indépendante. Elle en est encore presque surprise. <i>«Tout le monde voulait sa déclinaison : une table Binic, un canapé Binic, mais de telles idées ne naissent pas comme ça tous les jours.» </i>Ionna Vautrin a dès lors le luxe de choisir ses collaborations pour certaines très grand public, concevant, en 2017, la lampe en «T» des nouvelles rames des TGV de la SNCF, commercialisée depuis par Moustache, ou, deux ans plus tard, une panoplie d’objets douillets (vaisselle, linge de maison, vase, petit mobilier) pour Monoprix."},{"_id":"LJCP7WOR7ZEZNHRGR6TQZR6B24","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[{"date":"2024-11-24T18:30:18.463Z","start":836,"end":850,"text":"ok bon div svp.","user":"Elisabeth Galabert","email":"e.galabert@liberation.fr"}],"_id":1731947140966},"type":"text","content":"A refaire ? <i>«C’était deux ans de travail pour deux semaines en magasin et tout était fabriqué à l’autre bout du monde», </i>regrette cette archi-bosseuse, toujours transparente quant à ses questionnements existentiels. Car la diplômée de l’Ecole de design de Nantes Atlantique (en 2002) et <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/culture/arts/ettore-sottsass-design-anime-20211112_6WRMDNWU7JBUZAJSTUBIMIYXQQ/\">admirative de l’Italien Ettore Sottsass,</a> penche, après une sorte de burn-out, plutôt pour un design <i>«raisonné», </i>disons qui mobilise des savoir-faire et des ressources locales. Cela l’amène à s’interroger sur sa <i>«responsabilité»</i> dans un modèle de consommation <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/greenwashing-un-accord-europeen-veut-interdire-les-allegations-environnementales-trop-vagues-20230920_KAVK5KJJEBAO7PE7BP4TOPC6NY/\" target=\"_blank\">épris de <i>«greenwashing»</i>.</a> <i>«Soyons honnêtes : à partir du moment où on produit, c’est toujours le produit de trop»,</i> acte celle qui ne jette pas la pierre à tous les industriels pour autant. Avant de se mettre à son compte, percevant en guise de revenus des royalties et honoraires convenus, la touche-à-tout a imaginé des chaussures pour Camper, à Majorque, de l’électroménager chez un <i>«monstre sacré du design»,</i> George J. Sowden, à Milan, ébauché, à Paris, des flacons de parfum ou moult objets pour les frères Bouroullec."},{"_id":"BDPVEYUYZZH4VI5QOT4RQYWO2E","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1731947140967},"type":"text","content":"Lectrice de BD ou d’essais féministes (<a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/vieille-fille-celib-comme-lair-20221011_YD2ZA4C2H5BADBW3VPBYENAL24/#:~:text=Catalogu%C3%A9e%20acari%C3%A2tre%20ou%20frigide%2C%20la,que%20cette%20figure%20est%20d%C3%A9sirable.\" target=\"_blank\"><i>Vieille Fille,</i> de Marie Kock</a>, récemment), elle a également illustré le kamasutra dans un livre (éd. Flammarion) ou dessiné les patrons de figurines en bois pour les ateliers de réinsertion Emmaüs. Et souhaite aujourd’hui plancher sur des solutions d’<i>«économies d’énergie dans l’habitat»,</i> comme des récupérateurs d’eau de pluie ou des poêles à bois. Est-ce d’ailleurs de ses parents, pionniers du commerce bio dans les années 1980 et manifestants antinucléaires (contre <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/cinema/2020/02/11/plogoff-noyau-dur-anti-atomique_1778063/\" target=\"_blank\">la centrale de Plogoff</a>), qu’elle tient une fibre verte ? L’enfance dans une cité pavillonnaire de la banlieue nantaise est <i>«middle class»</i>. Les étés sont partagés entre un mois de voilier dans les îles du Morbihan et un mois de farniente dans sa famille espagnole, côté maternel, aux Baléares, rythmé par la pêche à pied ou aux calamars."},{"_id":"BY37ZFQ35JFG3BRKP4BFVYLJXU","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[{"pos":62,"comment":"et trop longtemps "}],"comments":[],"_id":1731947140968},"type":"text","content":"D’où cet impératif de ne se trouver, adulte, jamais trop loin de l’atmosphère maritime, qui irrigue, à l’instar de la nature, son imaginaire plastique. <i>«La mer a quelque chose de plus apaisant et de plus doux que la campagne»,</i> soulève la désormais Pornicaise, après une parenthèse dans la ruralité normande initiée avant la pandémie, bien contente de tenir à distance le milieu (du design) parisien et ses mondanités qu’elle n’a jamais portés dans son cœur. De ses 6 à 16 ans, Ionna Vautrin a par ailleurs eu les mains dans la terre, trois ou quatre heures par semaine. Grâce à cette passion de jeunesse pour la céramique, mais aussi pour la cuisine, apprise en cours du soir il y a quinze ans, doublée d’un CAP tournage en 2021, elle aspire néanmoins à ouvrir son propre atelier renouant ainsi avec l’<i>«immédiateté» </i>de la fabrication artisanale. Son <i>«sacerdoce»</i> pour trouver un autre chemin, peut-être plus abstrait, de création."},{"_id":"S2SCQKVRP5BZHIDKTK2YEVRCSA","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1731947140970},"type":"text","content":"<b>1979</b> Naissance à Hennebont (Morbihan)."},{"_id":"KZLK5PSSJZECZOJKM4PL3M4KBA","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1731947140971},"type":"text","content":"<b>2002</b> Diplômée de l’Ecole de design de Nantes Atlantique."},{"_id":"DSOGBK2HYZD6BLLTPLLSHW5W2Q","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1731947140972},"type":"text","content":"<b>2010 </b>La lampe Binic devient un best-seller."},{"_id":"N2ZDRWTB45AW5MVJMOAR6GP7YA","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1731947140973},"type":"text","content":"<b>2017</b> Lampe TGV pour la SNCF et Moustache."},{"_id":"PG76W5VKMJB5DO55FP53WEP35Q","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1731947140974},"type":"text","content":"<b>2024</b> Chaises de Notre-Dame de Paris."}],"subheadlines":{"basic":"Déterminée, bosseuse et joviale, la designer bretonne, nom confirmé de la création contemporaine, signe la «marée» d’assises destinée à meubler la cathédrale parisienne rouverte prochainement au public."},"description":{"basic":"Déterminée, bosseuse et joviale, la designer bretonne, nom confirmé de la création contemporaine, signe la «marée» d’assises destinée à meubler la cathédrale parisienne rouverte prochainement au public."},"language":"","source":{"system":"composer","name":"liberation","source_type":"staff"},"taxonomy":{"primary_site":{"path":"/portraits","parent_id":"/","name":"Portraits","description":"Découvrez chaque jour le portrait de Libération sur des personnalités qui font 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Si elle s’en fout ? <i>«Complètement»,</i> confirme Nadia, une cadre de 62 ans. <i>«Je fais mes courses quand j’ai besoin.» </i>Derrière ses lunettes à monture épaisse, elle jette un œil autour d’elle. Visiblement,<a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/hard-discount-chez-action-faire-des-courses-ce-nest-pas-lobjectif-principal-20231103_BR7326MD7VHRZEJGAVHZEQICKQ/\" target=\"_blank\"> ce magasin Action</a>, installé dans le quartier de La Roseraie à Angers (Maine-et-Loire), a quelque chose d’exotique à ses yeux. 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Dedans, il y a un tapis, des tringles à rideaux, des jeux pour enfants… <i>«C’est tellement moins cher : ça pousse à la consommation !»</i>"},{"level":2,"_id":"JKYSHQQKOJE6BKPN6QJRBQWFNQ","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732634038689},"type":"header","content":"«C’est le moment où tu peux te faire plaisir»"},{"_id":"JVCBRDPD4FDKPOQVZVYQ5RJEWA","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732538389411},"type":"text","content":"Quelques jours avant le Black Friday, tout le monde n’a pas la même insouciance que Nadia. David, 53 ans, a les yeux rivés sur les rayons jouets. Entre deux quintes de toux, cet agent de propreté cherche quelque chose à offrir pour Noël à son neveu et sa nièce. Avec ses 1 380 euros net <i>(«avec treizième mois et prime d’intéressement»), </i>il s’autorise un budget total de 200 euros pour les étrennes. Plutôt du genre taiseux, l’homme évoque les promos en amont de ce vendredi 29 novembre du bout des lèvres, un événement qui <i>«permet, quand on n’a pas trop d’argent, de se payer ce qu’on veut à pas cher».</i>"},{"_id":"X7D5VXTNJNER7FRRT2WHC6CWUM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732538389412},"type":"text","content":"Quant à Priscilla, <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/beaute/nail-art-et-auto-entreprenariat-la-revanche-des-ouvrieres-de-la-beaute-20241123_CVLKGZV62BC6BFO44Y3YDPIN4U/\" target=\"_blank\">prothésiste ongulaire </a>de 35 ans, elle vient de réaliser un beau coup. Si elle est présentement occupée à dénicher un Spider-Man pour son neveu, elle raconte son affaire de la veille : <i>«Ma machine à laver a lâché il y a trois jours. J’en ai acheté une hier soir sur Cdiscount à 294 euros au lieu de 349. 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Roissy-Charles-de-Gaulle. Le vol AF1139, assuré par Air France, débarque sur le tarmac. Alors que les passagers quittent leurs sièges et rejoignent l’aéroport, les techniciens de la compagnie aérienne s’affairent à récupérer les bagages en soute. Mais lors de l’ouverture de la trappe de l’appareil, Amalka, une petite chienne au pelage noir âgée de 2 ans, surgit soudain entre les valises. Elle s’élance sur la piste, et parvient à échapper aux mains des techniciens."},{"_id":"OYNMN3IW7NHUBM7WREMNLDF4RU","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732698656634},"type":"text","content":"<a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/societe/a-laeroport-charles-de-gaulle-une-touriste-recherche-sa-chienne-disparue-sur-le-tarmac-depuis-une-semaine-un-dispositif-exceptionnel-deploye-par-air-france-20241126_X2NYLTVP7VHVJLXZXU66JHXC7E/\" target=\"_blank\">Depuis sept jours, l’animal reste introuvable, malgré les moyens mobilisés par la retrouver</a> par la compagnie aérienne. Un <i>«dispositif exceptionnel» </i>qui se traduit notamment par des battues régulières sur le tarmac et l’utilisation d’un drone pour localiser l’animal. Sa maîtresse, Misa, arpente elle aussi nuit et jour l’aéroport à sa recherche. Mais au-delà de l’inquiétude, la jeune femme exprime également sa colère contre Air France et les conditions de transport d’Amalka. Selon elle, la cage de sa chienne aurait été <i>«mal fermée depuis le départ»</i>, ce qui aurait conclu à son ouverture lors de l’atterrissage brutal. Pourquoi les animaux sont-ils placés en soute ? Cela présente-t-il des risques ? Quelles sont les alternatives proposées par certaines associations ? <i>Libération </i>fait le point."},{"level":2,"_id":"QLYVX4JPUZHWXISEN6TLLEIYKM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732698656635},"type":"header","content":"Soute ou cabine : comment s’organise le transport aérien des animaux de compagnie ?"},{"_id":"6ZXRQYQNPJD5RN2REFTDJKGWKM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732698656636},"type":"text","content":"Deux conditions permettent de déterminer le lieu où votre animal de compagnie fera son voyage aérien. D’abord, il s’agit du poids. Pour que l’animal soit placé en cabine – en ce qui concerne le groupe Air France/KLM –, il doit peser moins de 8 kilos, sac ou cage compris, et ne doit pas mesurer plus de 115 cm en volume. Les limites de poids et de taille de la cage varient néanmoins selon les compagnies aériennes."},{"_id":"3SE6QBUQB5FRTNO7OOLNZNCPCU","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732698656637},"type":"text","content":"<i>«Au-delà de ses mensurations, l’animal sera directement envoyé en soute»</i>, explique Manuela Vidal, présidente de l’association Cats in the Air, association veillant à la défense des animaux dans les aéroports parisiens. <i>«Et quand un animal voyage en soute, il doit se trouver dans une caisse de transport réglementé en fibre de verre, avec une fermeture à double sécurité»,</i> poursuit la retraitée de compagnie aérienne. Seule exception : les chiens guides ou les chiens d’assistance des passagers atteints d’un handicap sensoriel ou physique. Ces derniers ont en effet la possibilité de voyager gratuitement en cabine à côté de leur maître, peu importe le poids et la taille, <a href=\"https://www.parisaeroport.fr/passagers/preparation-vol/voyager-avec-un-animal#:~:text=Vous%20voyagez%20avec%20un%20animal,pr%C3%A9alable%20par%20un%20v%C3%A9t%C3%A9rinaire%20agr%C3%A9%C3%A9.\" target=\"_blank\">détaille le site des aéroports parisiens</a>. Pour autant,<i> </i>les animaux de soutien émotionnel ou de service, comme c’est le cas pour Amalka, n’entrent, eux, pas dans cette catégorie."},{"_id":"B5QBTQRGTJHLNGLVMZPD77L63Q","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732698656638},"type":"text","content":"Autre élément déterminant : la destination. Certains pays interdisent en effet tout transport d’animaux en cabine, comme le fait par exemple la compagnie aérienne thaïlandaise Thai Airways."},{"level":2,"_id":"BMKL6C7LCFEX5CPPZUFFGD3HKE","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732698656639},"type":"header","content":"Le transport en soute présente-t-il des risques ?"},{"_id":"2KAJ4KKSJJGJJIF3UP5533NKJ4","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732698656640},"type":"text","content":"D’après les aéroports parisiens,<i> «la soute est un endroit ventilé et chauffé», </i>un lieu dans lequel les cages<i> </i>sont maintenues<i> «stables tout au long du voyage». </i>Un constat repris par la présidente d<i>e</i> Cats in the air, qui confirme que les <i>«soutes sont pressurisées»</i>, et qu’elles ne présentent <i>«aucun risque pour les animaux». «Le danger n’est donc pas dans l’avion, mais dans la manipulation, avant et après le vol»,</i> assure Manuela Vidal."},{"_id":"TRT64IHQFBHVRI4W27KUTIZBLI","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732698656641},"type":"text","content":"A l’opposé, Sonia Aguado, présidente du mouvement Fly Together, qui œuvre à <i>«changer la manière dont sont transportés les animaux dans les vols commerciaux», </i>assène, elle, que le transport d’animaux en soute, <i>«à quelques mètres des valises et non dans un lieu séparé», </i>pose un réel danger. <i>«Des bagages peuvent très bien tomber sur les cages de transports, les endommager, et aussi effrayer les animaux»</i>, pointe Sonia Aguado."},{"level":2,"_id":"AR4G6PWS75GM5DKXZC3LLZTTME","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732698656642},"type":"header","content":"Des précédents ?"},{"_id":"7KORW2EZUVHPJDCPHCML5FVKDU","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732698656643},"type":"text","content":"Selon Manuela Vidal, d’autres histoires similaires à celle d’Amalka se produisent <i>«bien trop souvent». «Pour 30 000 animaux transportés en France par le groupe Air France sur Orly et Roissy chaque année, il y en aura cinq ou six qui seront égarés, </i>chiffre l’ancienne salariée de compagnie aérienne.<i> Ce chiffre peut paraître dérisoire, mais c’est déjà trop. Chaque incident monopolise nos bénévoles, des équipes de secours, et du stress pour la famille, alors que tout ça pourrait être facilement évité.» </i>La présidente de l’association évoque notamment le cas de Teddy, un chat disparu pendant plus d’un mois à l’aéroport de Paris Charles-de-Gaulle, après que sa propriétaire a retrouvé sa cage abîmée et totalement vide. Zoom, un chien de race Pinscher, s’était lui aussi échappé de sa cage et avait erré sur les pistes durant plusieurs jours."},{"level":2,"_id":"HJXGLLMBENGFZCQ7ANUJF2VYOA","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732698656644},"type":"header","content":"Quelles pourraient être les alternatives ?"},{"_id":"B632QHVZZ5AMTIXIMP2DAKBDIA","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732698656645},"type":"text","content":"Au travers de son association, Manuel Vidal milite pour sécuriser le transport aérien des animaux de compagnie, et espère ainsi rebondir sur l’affaire Amalka pour pousser ses propositions. En tête : <i>«Faire en sorte que l’animal soit, en plus de la cage, transporté dans un filet.» </i>Alors<i>, «si pour une raison quelconque, la cage de transport se fragilise et s’ouvre, l’animal ne pourrait malgré tout pas s’enfuir», </i>décrit la retraitée. <i>«Ce filet, cela serait une sécurité à 100 %.»</i>"},{"_id":"BL6F7ZMIGRANZAPJDVL7APPWTY","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732698656646},"type":"text","content":"De son côté, Sonia Aguado plaide pour que les <i>«animaux ne soient plus considérés comme des bagages dès l’instant où ils pénètrent dans un aéroport». «Nous souhaitons ouvrir la possibilité pour qu’ils puissent voyager en cabine, sans limite de poids»,</i> explique-t-elle,<i> «le tout avec un plafond fixé à l’avance».</i> Et de conclure : <i>«Un premier pas pour que les animaux ne soient plus que des valises.» </i>Contactée par <i>Libération</i>, Air France n’a, pour l’heure, pas précisé si de telles évolutions étaient envisagées par la compagnie."}],"subheadlines":{"basic":"Depuis le mardi 19 novembre, une touriste tchèque est à la recherche d’Amalka, sa petite chienne échappée de la soute lors de l’atterrissage de son avion à l’aéroport Roissy-Charles-de-Gaulle. 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Cette fois, elle ne passe plus par quatre chemins. Elle affirme que je lui plais. Le message est cash. Moi aussi, et je lui dis. Mais pour moi, c’est le métavers d’embrasser ma colocataire. Surtout que comme on est assez pudiques l’une et l’autre, on a passé deux ans chacune à un bout du canapé pour ne surtout pas se toucher. Mais ce soir-là, on finit par passer le cap et s’embrasser."},{"_id":"LKPSYGNFDJDSZEQC7WOTX4Z7L4","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732116761674},"type":"text","content":"«On a mis quelques semaines avant de se dire qu’on était vraiment ensemble. Gérer la relation et la colocation s’est fait naturellement. On a décidé de garder chacune notre chambre pour se ménager de l’espace par exemple. On arrive aussi à se dire que certains soirs on ne se voit pas. 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</b></i><b>Libé spécial auteur·es jeunesse.</b><i><b> Pour la sixième année, </b></i><b>Libération </b><i><b>se met aux couleurs et textes de la jeunesse pour le Salon du livre de Montreuil qui ouvre ses portes ce mercredi 27 novembre. Retrouvez tous les articles </b></i><a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/dossier/pages-jeunes/\"><i><b>ici</b></i></a><i><b>.</b></i>"},{"_id":"GYADYSPBL5HITBX4CXEP57ZANA","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732647100280},"type":"text","content":"Un père qui ressemble à un boucher, toujours vêtu de sa toque, de sa chemise à carreaux bleu clair et de son tablier ; les habitués du restaurant, madame Poipoi et monsieur Henri, toujours dans le décor, venant prendre leur repas du midi ou un petit café ; la grande sœur isolée du reste de la fratrie du fait de son adolescence renfrognée ; des bêtises par dizaines dans une arrière-cuisine, dans un palais des saveurs entre antan et maintenant. Et puis ce restaurant-maison."},{"_id":"DD6D32FRFJHMZDU5PMVRIFGWXY","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732639331391},"type":"text","content":"Ce matin, à la rédaction de <i>Libé,</i> je me suis saisie de ce sujet proposé, car j’adore :"},{"_id":"HAM2L3OKCNG3VJJ5QTXBNUHCDQ","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732639331392},"type":"text","content":"1) la nostalgie douce et mélancolique de l’enfance,"},{"_id":"WANDFGP2NVB3ZFZ77EBIRD4GYY","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732639331393},"type":"text","content":"2) la nourriture."},{"_id":"TPBMDDI4OVF57LVPZH32ZD6ZQI","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732639331394},"type":"text","content":"Pourtant, quand vint le temps d’écrire et de brainstormer avec l’illustrateur, je bloque."},{"_id":"RDTVKSDOTBEPVGDRVIGAW26QMI","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732639331395},"type":"text","content":"J’avais bien en tête la petite robe à pois bleue et le gilet rose de Nana, ses tresses blondes, je revoyais la marinière rouge de Tom-Tom et ses cheveux noirs jamais coiffés. J’avais en tête le décor d’A la bonne fourchette, que j’imagine être en formica et en lino."},{"_id":"ENJ5J3U4BJEZFDMMW4HC5HLSOM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732639331396},"type":"text","content":"Mais je ne me rappelais pas avoir été alléchée par la nourriture du père Dubouchon, pourtant toujours en cuisine. Tout cela est sans doute passé dans l’ensemble de l’ambiance."},{"_id":"KWNULORHAJGV7KWVPP6GOJLC2U","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732639331397},"type":"text","content":"Car <i>Tom-Tom et Nana,</i> avant d’être des histoires, c’est avant tout une ambiance. Une ambiance vaste aux couleurs pâles et fraîches, le dessin en mouvance de Bernadette Després, la proximité des années 1980, des moquettes, des fringues et des coiffures qui en sont tiré. <i>Tom-Tom et Nana,</i> c’est un quartier populaire qui prend vie sous le regard de ces deux enfants aux faces rondes, lunaires et joviales, de ces enfants terribles qui ont la bénédiction de vivre dans une maison-manger : A la bonne fourchette, qui arbore un nom aussi franchouillard que celui des protagonistes, les Dubouchon."},{"subtype":"title_only","_id":"QZ6CQFPAZJFJVLSSDMFHMBZSIU","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"_id":"KT5KAIW7BNFXHJGS6UAMZLLBPA"},"title":"A lire aussi","type":"link_list","items":[{"description":{"_id":"KLAK3X6HAREW5ARI4D2PRYMEPE","type":"text","content":""},"_id":"ZZPX4K7WU5CIHDDQAOXKYKF2LA","type":"interstitial_link","content":"Mort de Bernadette Després, cocréatrice de «Tom-Tom et Nana» et monument de la littérature jeunesse","url":"https://www.liberation.fr/culture/livres/bernadette-despres-la-co-creatrice-de-tom-tom-et-nana-est-morte-20241120_S5YWIA5YZJEKBA2ST24MOUGWFA/"}]},{"_id":"AIT2W5PPWNF65LZKX7G3CORCRU","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732639331398},"type":"text","content":"Je feuillette de ce pas quelques exemplaires glanés en PDF sur l’ami Internet, et la voilà. La nourriture, elle est partout."},{"_id":"FWKVMNDU3JC5FHRZ7DTLNMLUDY","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732639331399},"type":"text","content":"Il y a une immense chouquette meringuée rose de la taille d’une pièce montée, flambée au rhum, un cochon de lait du chef recouvert de fleurs vertes et roses, des coquilles en croqueminette, des cailles à la barigoulette, des canetons en pompon aux pommes bonbons, des choses que Tom-Tom et Nana rêvent de manger alors qu’eux-mêmes dînent parfois simplement d’un œuf à la coque et d’une vieille purée. Tom-Tom, dans l’un de ses rêves, voit un rouma-caca rôti, de la krabougnade."},{"_id":"OWJAHCRQJVBDFKASZVTNN5SCUY","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732642510861},"type":"text","content":"On voit le père Dubouchon remuer casseroles et ustensiles pour faire des plats qui ne m’ont sans doute pas vraiment tentée enfant, cette soupe verdâtre à l’aspect gluant, cette sauce marron semblant bien forte en goût, ce plat de haricots qui cuit à côté, sa blanquette de veau… Dubouchon fait tout maison, avec un regard paternel amoureux. Alors, pourquoi n’ai-je pas envie de manger ces plats ? Est-ce le trait familier de Bernadette Després qui rend si proche ces personnages populaires, qui rappelle l’odeur d’une cuisine de grand-tante et les repas de famille où l’on se pinçait le nez enfant pour avaler la dernière bouchée ?"},{"_id":"FONSOYT4LFE5RKCR7XPSGM24MM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732639331402},"type":"text","content":"Car l’esprit des menus typiques des brasseries et <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/societe/2014/07/16/le-fait-maison-ne-coute-pas-plus-cher-il-prend-juste-plus-de-temps_1064898/\" target=\"_blank\">du fait maison</a> imprègne la série. Je suis sans doute passée à côté de l’axe de la nourriture enfant : je ne voyais que Tom-Tom et sa sœur jouer avec des passoires dans l’arrière-cuisine, taper sur des casseroles avec des louches, crier dans des entonnoirs, Tom-Tom et Nana se bagarrer, se haïr et redevenir complices. J’y plaquais sans doute mon propre vécu de grande sœur chapeautant un petit frère dans des bêtises et des disputes semblables."},{"subtype":"title_only","_id":"GGA5EZJT5VAAHB4RUZP2EHLWTY","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"_id":"YQ24LJTLXRC7RGJYWTLDYUED6I"},"title":"Interview","type":"link_list","items":[{"description":{"_id":"MH3I56UORVDL7DWZYZ5H3I2FIM","type":"text","content":""},"_id":"C6LKPQ7H2JAGRGDTYIHHIGF4OE","type":"interstitial_link","content":"«Tom-Tom et Nana» vu par les auteurs","url":"https://www.liberation.fr/livres/2019/01/23/tom-tom-et-nana-par-le-menu_1704897/"}]},{"_id":"J7LULVFBE5CQJOU5F7WFH3A7HI","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732639331403},"type":"text","content":"Et pourtant, ça gravite, ça prépare, ça chauffe et ça mijote partout : il y a le père Dubouchon qui pleure parce qu’un réveillon c’est dur à préparer et que personne n’a mangé ses chouquettes aux marrons. On voit aussi, en arrière-plan, des filets à patates de 50 kilos et des caisses de bouteilles vides toutes prêtes à être ramenées à la consigne. On les voit paniquer quand de nouvelles enseignes apparaissent, on ressent cette peur de la concurrence culinaire. On aperçoit une casserole abîmée traîner par terre, dans le bazar de la chambre des enfants. Sur chaque scène se déroulant dans le restaurant, on aperçoit les clients autour d’une table et d’assiettes pleines de pâtes, de purée, de salade et d’escalopes. Tom-Tom a un jeu de petit chimiste <i>«offert par Pétibulle», </i>Nana une casquette promotionnelle de la même marque. On sourit devant la candeur et la réalité de ce que cela représente."},{"_id":"YQNV2ZMJRBHMHJTD3DSCOBCBCY","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732639331404},"type":"text","content":"A la bonne fourchette, ce n’est pas qu’un restaurant : c’est aussi un café-bar. On y voit les habitués qui boivent des petits crèmes ou des bières en lisant leur journal, qui sont témoins de la vie de Tom-Tom et Nana, tout comme nous – les lecteurs de la franchise ne sont-ils pas aussi des habitués d’A la bonne fourchette ?"},{"_id":"XLJXN3NZAVDCHBFU5IT3JGKHMM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732639331405},"type":"text","content":"C’est peuplé, c’est vivant, c’est feuilleton et c’est le passé, le présent, des trucs d’avant et de maintenant. Ce sont des odeurs et des sensations, des goûts qu’on se rappelle, des images qui traversent sans qu’on les saisisse."},{"_id":"OLGFURUVCZCI3PBDO6KFNDRMVM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732639331406},"type":"text","content":"Alors, comment passer à côté de cette becquée omniprésente ? Est-ce parce que j’ai lu ce texte enfant, et que je me suis mise à hauteur des yeux du héros et de sa sœur, voyant le restaurant comme leur terrain de jeu plutôt que comme le lieu de nourriture et le lieu de travail des parents ? Sans doute. En tout cas, la prochaine fois que je pousserai la porte d’un bouillon ou d’une cantine semblable, je penserai, sans aucun doute, à Tom-Tom et Nana."}],"subheadlines":{"basic":"Le succès de la saga de Bernadette Després tient pour beaucoup à l’ambiance animée du restaurant familial, franchouillarde à souhait, où ont grandi les deux enfants Dubouchon, entre cailles à la barigoulette et chouquettes meringuées."},"description":{"basic":"Le succès de la saga de Bernadette Després tient pour beaucoup à l’ambiance animée du restaurant familial, franchouillarde à souhait, où ont grandi les deux enfants Dubouchon, entre cailles à la barigoulette et chouquettes meringuées."},"language":"","source":{"system":"composer","name":"liberation","source_type":"staff"},"taxonomy":{"primary_site":{"path":"/lifestyle/gastronomie","parent_id":"/lifestyle","name":"Gastronomie","description":"Retrouvez toute l'actualité sur la gastronomie : derniers articles, tendances, photos et vidéos de la rubrique Gastronomie de Libération.","_id":"/lifestyle/gastronomie","additional_properties":{"original":{"parent":{"footer2":"/lifestyle","default":"/lifestyle","footer":null,"burgermenu":"/lifestyle","amp-menu":"/lifestyle","headernav":null},"site":{"pagebuilder_path_for_native_apps":null,"site_url":null,"site_keywords":null,"site_about":null,"site_description":"Retrouvez toute l'actualité sur la gastronomie : derniers articles, tendances, photos et vidéos de la rubrique Gastronomie de Libération.","site_title":"Gastronomie : actualités et infos food - 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article est tiré du </b></i><b>Libé spécial auteur·es jeunesse.</b><i><b> Pour la sixième année, </b></i><b>Libération </b><i><b>se met aux couleurs et textes de la jeunesse pour le Salon du livre de Montreuil qui ouvre ses portes ce mercredi 27 novembre. Retrouvez tous les articles </b></i><a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/dossier/pages-jeunes/\"><i><b>ici</b></i></a><i><b>.</b></i>"},{"_id":"M66EB75K4RAQZDQHP7NTH336ZY","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732646214951},"type":"text","content":"Mourir, en général, ce n’est pas drôle. Mais mourir quand on a les yeux qui pétillent, le sourire qui frise et qu’on a 8 ans, c’est vraiment nul ! Pourtant, <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/culture/livres/bernadette-despres-la-co-creatrice-de-tom-tom-et-nana-est-morte-20241120_S5YWIA5YZJEKBA2ST24MOUGWFA/\" target=\"_blank\">c’est ce qui vient d’arriver à Bernadette Després</a>."},{"_id":"EWXVHJUAHBEVTK24Z66FANIBWM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732636478165},"type":"text","content":"Oui. Bernadette Després avait 8 ans. A vie. Faites-moi confiance. Et elle aurait pu vivre 83 ans de plus, ça n’aurait pas changé grand-chose."},{"_id":"T4AOWONSF5AJ7BBYLZCPWBVKXU","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732636478166},"type":"text","content":"Mais voilà, c’est un fait, la dessinatrice de Tom-Tom, de Nana et de toute la clique Dubouchon, a quitté le restaurant «A la bonne fourchette» la semaine dernière. Elle n’a laissé aucune ardoise mais pas mal de cœurs gros. Ce n’était pourtant pas son style les cœurs gros. Elle, elle faisait plutôt dans le palpitant sautillant, dans l’allégresse ventriculaire. L’allégresse lui allait d’ailleurs bien au teint : elle avait souvent les joues rouges. Ses derniers mots ? <i>«Au revoir aux gens sympas.»</i>"},{"level":2,"_id":"S3VO4XSG7ND6PDXSXKVQS3J3LM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732646214954},"type":"header","content":"Deux amoureux dissimulés sous des voiles"},{"_id":"S3VO4XSG7ND6PDXSXKVQS3J3LM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732646214955},"type":"text","content":"Quand on est morte, on a le droit à un enterrement. Pour Bernadette, c’est ce mercredi 27 novembre à 14h30 à l’église du petit village de Givraines (Loiret) puis, juste à côté, au cimetière de Yèvre-le-Châtel. Il risque d’y avoir pas mal de monde. On risque même de faire salle comble. Mais Bernadette, je crois, n’aura pas le trac vu qu’elle s’est un peu entraînée il y a trente-quatre ans. Une sorte de répétition générale dans la joie et la bonne humeur. C’était au même endroit et elle avait appelé ça son <i>«enterrement préalable».</i> Contrairement à notre mercredi pluvieux, ce jour-là, elle n’était pas seule à être enterrée. A ses côtés, il y avait son complice de toujours, son artiste de mari, Denis Charignon. Pour leur première inhumation, ils avaient vu les choses en grand. Lui s’était déguisé en cardinal, elle en ange. On leur avait joué un requiem et ils avaient filé illico admirer leur sépulture toute neuve. Il faut dire que leur tombe est extraordinaire : il y trône une immense sculpture représentant deux amoureux dissimulés sous des voiles. L’un est assis sur le rebord du marbre, au chevet de l’autre qui se relève pour lui donner la main. On ne voit pas leur visage, mais on a le droit de penser qu’ils étaient en train de se faire des serments du style à changer les cœurs en pommes d’amour. Les deux enterrés avaient commandé cette œuvre à l’artiste Jean Anguera et l’avaient payé avec une voiture. J’espère que c’était une bonne voiture, parce que c’était une belle sculpture."},{"_id":"O43R4L3W5RCFLDGCACP4AWXTWA","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732636478168},"type":"text","content":"Ils revinrent à la vie et le temps passa. Denis continua à recouvrir chaque centimètre carré de la maison familiale de ses coups de pinceaux, éclaboussant ce coin de cette triste Beauce de ses œuvres colorées. Bernadette, elle, sans relâche, dessina bêtise sur bêtise, écuma les salons du livre et se démultiplia pour aller porter la bonne parole Dubouchon dans toutes les écoles du pays."},{"_id":"ZAWOESOYXVDEJPRHMETAU3N3QE","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732636478169},"type":"text","content":"Mais il y a quelques années, le cardinal Charignon s’est installé pour de bon dans ce petit cimetière à l’ombre de l’église sans toit. C’est pratique les églises sans toit, on savoure mieux les oiseaux de passage…"},{"_id":"AWBAHK2SZNBFJIRYZKUL7RTAFI","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732636478170},"type":"text","content":"Bernadette a donc continué sans lui. Le pas souvent plus court, le soupir parfois plus long, mais toujours avec le sourire et les joues rouges. C’est tenace le bonheur."},{"level":2,"_id":"4ZTYOHHPY5CRJGE3GURFMP4JCM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732646214959},"type":"header","content":"Une pierre aussi sombre qu’elle était solaire"},{"_id":"L23OBOBVJ5AR5MI4UT5OZO5YIU","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732636478171},"type":"text","content":"Et c’est donc aujourd’hui qu’elle va rejoindre son prince de la bariole dans une cérémonie qui, paraît-il, lui ressemblera. Tant mieux ! Si vous voulez mon avis, il est grand temps de faire pétiller les cimetières… Ceci dit, si vous venez lui rendre un dernier hommage ou si vous passez aux alentours de Yèvre une nuit de pleine lune, vous risquez d’être un peu surpris. C’est vrai qu’à première vue, cette fameuse sépulture ressemble plutôt à celle de la grand-mère de Tim Burton. Imaginer Bernadette s’y reposer est un peu troublant. La pierre sculptée est aussi gothique que la dessinatrice était lumineuse, aussi sombre qu’elle était solaire, aussi silencieuse qu’elle était pipelette, aussi impressionnante qu’elle était simple. 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Bernadette Després, des obsèques trente-quatre ans après la répétition générale"},"websites":{"liberation":{"website_url":"/lifestyle/intimites/pour-bernadette-despres-des-obseques-trente-quatre-ans-apres-la-repetition-generale-20241126_QAF5LYHYXJGBXAN2SSOBXNP7ME/","website_section":{"path":"/lifestyle/intimites","parent":{"default":"/lifestyle"},"_website":"liberation","parent_id":"/lifestyle","name":"Intimités","description":"Retrouvez toute l'actualité sur les intimités : derniers articles, analyses, photos et vidéos de la rubrique Intimités de Libération","_id":"/lifestyle/intimites","additional_properties":{"original":{"parent":{"default":"/lifestyle","burgermenu":"/lifestyle"},"social":{"twitter":null,"rss":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null},"site_topper":{"site_logo_image":null},"site":{"pagebuilder_path_for_native_apps":null,"site_url":null,"site_keywords":null,"site_about":null,"site_description":"Retrouvez toute l'actualité sur les intimités : derniers articles, analyses, 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href=\"https://offre.liberation.fr/newsletter-vecu-liberation\"><i><b> notre nouvelle newsletter «Vécu»</b></i></a><i><b>.</b></i>"},{"_id":"5722IV2G7BEOJJSFGT2QCTBDZA","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732201544238},"type":"text","content":"<b>Se découvrir séropositif : il y a trente ans encore, en France, ce diagnostic était synonyme de condamnation à mort. Les traitements curatifs – </b><a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/societe/sante/traitement-du-vih-une-injection-tous-les-deux-mois-et-basta-20211221_BCFH5ELOLNE2LAORJHW6SNE3VA/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>qui empêchent de transmettre le virus</b></a><b> –, sont arrivés, améliorant les conditions de vie des personnes vivant avec le VIH, avant d’être suivis par les traitements préventifs. Si, aujourd’hui, </b><a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/societe/sante/la-peur-du-sida-recule-en-france-pas-la-serophobie-20240925_TMAU57TF45DZTHKR32T65UQLKE/\"><b>la peur du virus s’est nettement estompée</b></a><b>, malgré </b><a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/societe/sante/on-na-jamais-su-aussi-bien-prevenir-le-sida-mais-lepidemie-progresse-en-france-20241015_73Y7FP3BYJHFLFGNNIPY7AN6EY/\"><b>la progression de l’épidémie</b></a><b> en France ces trois dernières années, les idées reçues ont, elles, encore la vie très dure. Selon une enquête de l’association Aides, </b><a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/dossier/40-ans-aides/\"><b>qui fête cet automne ses 40 ans</b></a><b> en collaboration avec </b><i><b>Libé</b></i><b> </b><a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/forums/aides-a-40-ans-raviver-les-memoires-et-se-projeter-20241018_F4DKWVFYYZHRFJ7IUNEZ4NCG4Q/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>lors d’un grand raout de conférences le 30 novembre</b></a><b>, plus des trois quarts des Français·es pensent par exemple qu’il est possible d’être infecté en ayant un rapport sexuel non protégé avec une personne séropositive sous traitement. Exemple </b><a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/france/2018/11/30/victimes-de-serophobie-ils-se-taisent-ou-encaissent_1695361/?redirected=1\"><b>d’attitude sérophobe,</b></a><b> conséquence de la mauvaise information : moins de la moitié des interrogés continueraient à voir une personne avec laquelle ils ou elles ont des relations sexuelles s’ils apprenaient qu’elle était séropositive. Comment, dans ce contexte, se construire et vivre sa sexualité quand on est séropositif et qu’on a moins de 35 ans ? Et comment les préjugés, tenaces, chamboulent encore l’intimité des premiers concernés. Dans son témoignage, Ahmed (1), 29 ans, technicien médical à Marseille, narre comment le tabou continue de nourrir la dissimulation de son statut sérologique auprès de ses proches ou de ses amants.</b>"},{"_id":"YRP47SVOARFAFIU76ZNFULYUWE","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[{"pos":659,"comment":" Je ne me sens ni bien, ni mal."}],"comments":[],"_id":1732201544239},"type":"text","content":"«A 18 ans, en 2013, je me fais traiter pour ce que je pense être des verrues autour du pénis par une dermatologue. Ce sont en fait des condylomes, conséquence du papillomavirus. Elle me renvoie vers un proctologue pour faire des analyses complémentaires et ce dernier me prescrit un bilan complet. Je suis traité, on m’opère et à la suite de la première prise de sang, le médecin m’appelle pour faire un deuxième bilan. Le jour des résultats, je suis à mille lieues d’imaginer qu’il s’agit du VIH. Il me convoque dans son bureau et <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/societe/sante/vih-les-depistages-en-hausse-en-2023-les-decouvertes-de-seropositivite-aussi-20241011_HXWPWMCS7RA2XBSHZPENMAWPO4/\" target=\"_blank\">me dit direct que je suis séropositif</a>. Je suis en première année de médecine, je sais déjà que je vais repiquer, je sors sonné."},{"_id":"P4C5KSXNHNDE7K7ORCCQOYW3NQ","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732125388212},"type":"text","content":"«Tout le long de mon cursus scolaire, on n’a jamais parlé du VIH. Je veux juste savoir quoi faire puisque je pense que je vais juste crever. Le médecin en est même étonné. Il me dit que pas du tout qu’il y a des traitements, qu’on en vit très bien. Il me renvoie vers un infectiologue, mais je change de médecin, car je viens d’une famille assez religieuse au sein de laquelle tout est tabou et avec laquelle il n’est pas possible de partager ça. Cela implique de dire que je suis gay, et surtout de dire que j’ai des relations sexuelles. Or, je vis encore chez mes parents, je dois gérer le truc seul, cacher les trois cachets par jour alors que ce sont des boîtes énormes."},{"_id":"JA3Z6KX3ZNCFFEG5QH42ZILC6E","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732125388213},"type":"text","content":"«J’ai zéro libido, je me sens sale, voire dangereux, et j’estime que personne ne pourra plus coucher avec moi. Je ne sais pas encore que, <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/societe/sante/vih-ce-quil-faut-savoir-sur-le-lenacapavir-nouveau-traitement-preventif-20240801_QLWSHAJWAVGXFI3L6YRA7ZYYMU/\" target=\"_blank\">quand on est sous traitement et qu’on est indétectable</a>, on ne transmet plus le virus. Pendant quatre ou cinq mois, je n’ai aucune sexualité. Je passe de l’ado dans la découverte qui baise à tout-va au mec qui vit dans une culpabilité extrême. J’ai tout le temps peur que <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/societe/sante/baisse-de-lusage-des-preservatifs-chez-les-jeunes-ce-nest-pas-du-a-de-lirresponsabilite-mais-au-fait-quils-ne-se-sentent-pas-menaces-20240910_MDI3N5PMYZF2NLJFQQIUOLKDXM/\" target=\"_blank\">le préservatif craque</a>, et de paraître suspect. Les premières années, je suis tellement dans la démarche de me soigner que je ne sais plus pourquoi je prends les médocs. Mon infectiologue me réexplique tout comme au premier jour et me dirige vers des groupes de parole pour savoir comme en parler aux autres sans avoir peur."},{"_id":"RVEB5WO3DFAO3JTHA7D3IRWLUY","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732125388214},"type":"text","content":"«Jusqu’alors, je suis dans l’optique de le dire à la personne avec qui je partagerais ma vie, mais pas aux partenaires de passage. Mais faut-il le dire lorsqu’une relation débute ? Et à quel moment ? D’autant que je ne cherche pas à créer une relation, ça vient spontanément ou ne vient pas. A 21 ans par exemple, j’ai ma première relation sérieuse qui dure un peu. Je le dis à mon mec. Ça se passe bien, et ce sera toujours le cas par la suite, même si certains de mes ex auront un moment de recul pour digérer la nouvelle et comprendre ce que cela implique."},{"_id":"MXU4YSGA3BHUBHXG4AL6LOEJ44","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[{"date":"2024-11-25T18:19:45.991Z","start":201,"end":216,"text":"guill","user":"Corentin LACOSTE","email":"c.lacoste@liberation.fr"}],"_id":1732125388215},"type":"text","content":"«A l’époque, la <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/societe/sante/on-na-jamais-su-aussi-bien-prevenir-le-sida-mais-lepidemie-progresse-en-france-20241015_73Y7FP3BYJHFLFGNNIPY7AN6EY/\" target=\"_blank\">Prep <i>[traitement préventif du VIH, ndlr]</i></a> n’est pas encore arrivée. Sur Grindr <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/hightech/donnees-personnelles-exploitees-proliferation-des-discriminations-il-est-temps-de-desinstaller-grindr-20240423_UJCBUKA63VBDTNVF4QZEK36RRQ/\" target=\"_blank\"><i>[applications de rencontres homosexuelles]</i></a><i>,</i> pour un plan cul, certains se contentent d’un message du style <i>“t’es clean ?”, </i>quand d’autres te demandent un test. Moi, je mens, et dans ce cas, je prends toujours une capote avec moi, même si je ne peux pas transmettre le virus. Aujourd’hui, les mecs veulent juste savoir si tu es sous Prep car ça s’est généralisé. Mais la peur du rejet est quand même là."},{"_id":"CYB6DVZHIVGBZITSJYYQEGER34","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732125388216},"type":"text","content":"«Je dis donc que je suis sous Prep, sans dire que je suis séropo. Je ne ressens plus la culpabilité des débuts en revanche quand je m’accusais seul de m’être contaminé. J’en parle à mes amis, ouvertement, mais toujours pas à ma famille ou au travail. Dans le milieu médical, il y a encore beaucoup de <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/societe/sante/la-peur-du-sida-recule-en-france-pas-la-serophobie-20240925_TMAU57TF45DZTHKR32T65UQLKE/\" target=\"_blank\">discours sérophobes</a> et je ne veux pas être mis à l’écart. Sinon je le vis bien, je suis passé de trois cachets par jour à une piqûre dans les fesses tous les deux mois. Ça ne me définit plus.»"},{"_id":"IVN7O5YYP5AGNENNWVY5HQUKM4","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732125388217},"type":"text","content":"(1) Le prénom a été modifié."}],"subheadlines":{"basic":"Comment vit-on sa sexualité quand on a moins de 35 ans et qu’on est séropositif à une époque où les années sida sont censées être loin derrière nous ? Pour «Libé», ils ou elles racontent comment le VIH a chamboulé leur vie et leur intimité. Dans le premier épisode de notre série, Ahmed (1), 29 ans, raconte son chemin vers l’acceptation de son statut sérologique."},"description":{"basic":"Comment vit-on sa sexualité quand on a moins de 35 ans et qu’on est séropositif à une époque où les années sida sont censées être loin derrière nous ? 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Ce qui me permet de remarquer que nombreux sont ceux qui continuent à porter des baskets blanches malgré l’automne des humanités qui nous fait frissonner. Comme moi, pourtant, ils glissent sur les feuilles mortes des espoirs de paix, avant de ralentir le pas à cause du verglas des détestations identitaires et de patauger dans les flaques des appartenances rances. Il faut dire que plus personne ne sait trop comment avancer sans mordre les lignes jaunes qui se sont mises à faire de curieux zigzags ou de terribles sinusoïdes."},{"_id":"FHZI7UVFBJBTVAPC6V2EEWUVRY","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732441954987},"type":"text","content":"Avant, la démarcation traçait droit entre des concepts bien définis et des idéologies aux parechocs rutilants. Voilà que les convictions prennent la chaussée à contresens. Et que les opinions s’encastrent avec violence dans la carrosserie ennemie comme si le carambolage était devenu le désir ultime et que chacun n’espérait plus que crashs et clashs. Il y avait la droite, il y avait la gauche. Il y avait les belliqueux et les pacifistes. Il y avait les conservateurs et les progressistes. Et voici que ça shoote dans les étoiles et que des flèches empoisonnées traversent les camps d’antan, se fichant entre les omoplates des meilleurs amis devenus rivaux irréconciliables."},{"_id":"Z7H2UQH4BZEM3LXTTGV4O6FXAI","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732392258633},"type":"text","content":"Ce qui fait que pour traverser en sécurité les rues des idées encombrées par les trottinettes des polémiques, j’avance à tâtons sur mes petits petons argumentatifs, empli de nostalgie pour mes gros sabots affirmatifs d’antan. Je risque malaisément le cuir assoupli de mes bottines banales que j’ai choisies passe-murailles et de sombre apparence."},{"level":2,"_id":"EAOPWNV37NGGVDYSQQ755X2JMM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732392258634},"type":"header","content":"Comme s’il faisait beau à jamais…"},{"_id":"OBT3DKXUKBCDLDAXDAPHH2IUGU","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732469205481},"type":"text","content":"A ras de goudron, je découvre qu’ils sont nombreux à faire l’inverse. Comme s’il faisait beau à jamais et que la gadoue n’avait pas envahi les sentines des esprits les plus élevés, ils ont l’outrecuidance d’opter pour des baskets d’un blanc virginal. En Ukraine et à Gaza, on entend marteler les godillots ferrés et piétiner les rangers cloutés. 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Ils parient que va perdurer la décontraction instituée du friday wear permanent et que les villes de grande solitude et de totale incertitude ne sont que des espaces pacifiés où les hostilités sont molletonnées. Alors que la panique gagne et que la méfiance rôde, ils postulent que leur innocence et leur pureté seront préservées tant que la blancheur initiale de leurs chaussons ailés sera garantie."},{"level":2,"_id":"5ZQVHRLPYBBP5OC5MM2GDP5AVI","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732443335481},"type":"header","content":"Le début d’une illusion démocratique"},{"_id":"ZTP5QOXFOFHO5FF2F4RWJSMIMY","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732469205484},"type":"text","content":"D’abord, il y eut la tennis. Celle des sportsmen britanniques qui arpentaient les pelouses des Wimbledon de la gentry et laissaient croire que le<i> fair-play </i>était un signe de haute civilité quand ce n’était qu’une manière de maintenir leur emprise sur leur empire. Puis il y eut la basket. Celle des play-grounds de Harlem où il était question de s’élever pour sortir de la nasse des déterminations raciales et pour «dunker» sur le crâne des assignations sociales. Et puis le sport qui n’était que passe-temps divertissant et amateurisme négligeable s’est découvert phénomène de société, producteur de symboles culturels et relais de croissance pour le business du luxe."},{"_id":"NWMIZTCADRDJ5EJEFZZU3W3SZE","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732469205485},"type":"text","content":"Ses outils de base sont devenus des emblèmes significatifs d’un mélange des genres et d’un refus de l’inconfort tiré à quatre épingles. Le survêtement mou et informe a remplacé le costume croisé et cravaté. Et la derby comme la richelieu ont abdiqué devant le déferlement des sneakers, caoutchouteuses et équilibrées, bien balancées et très stabilisées. Ce fut la fin des ampoules et des durillons. Et ce fut aussi le début d’une illusion démocratique."},{"_id":"POPDAKEGLJET3OCZ6OIBQS2H2A","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732469205486},"type":"text","content":"Comme tout le monde s’habillait paisible et marchait en rebondissant gentiment, <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/amerique/donald-trump-lance-ses-baskets-en-or-a-399-dollars-au-lendemain-de-son-amende-a-350-millions-20240218_LBUJJNPNVFFORA72LZSQIQYNIE/\" target=\"_blank\">la société libérale</a> avancée s’est raconté que les castes et les classes étaient abolies et que les hiérarchies étaient estourbies. Quand les héros de la tech comme Mark Zuckerberg et leurs salariés chouchoutés gambadent équipés à l’identique comment ne pas croire à la coolitude généralisée ? 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les ans depuis 2015, <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/gastronomie/lentre-soi-masculin-de-la-cuisine-francaise-se-porte-tres-bien-merci-20221129_2ABWHNRG5NBFREF3AWZAEAJECI/\" target=\"_blank\">La Liste</a> présente son classement des 1 000 meilleurs restaurants du monde. Un algorithme tenu secret compulse presse quotidienne, magazines, émissions radio, blogs, newsletters, canaux YouTube choisis, guides classiques, mais aussi feedback clients sur Google, TripAdvisor, Foursquare, Yelp, DianPing (une plateforme chinoise consacrée aux restaurants) et Tabelog (son pendant japonais) avant d’établir un score sur 100. Neuf établissements, répartis dans sept pays, se partagent cette année la première place. Pour la France, Arnaud Donckele accède ainsi aux deux premières marches du podium avec, en première position, la Vague d’or à Saint-Tropez (déjà auréolée de trois étoiles Michelin), et en deuxième avec son restaurant parisien Plénitude (trois étoiles aussi). A ex æquo, Guy Savoy conserve sa place au sommet du classement, à égalité avec huit autres établissements, dont l’Enclume de Simon Rogan, au Royaume-Uni, qui l’atteint pour la deuxième fois. Cette année, les Etats-Unis égalent la France en nombre d’établissements récompensés dans le Top 1000."},{"level":1,"_id":"X22R7JK7EFHRNDTULTQODT45DM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732536212423},"type":"header","content":"Flammes et fermentations"},{"_id":"3IZ3XZ2OABFVXGQKITXLVFQ5ZI","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732536212424},"type":"text","content":"Au-delà du classement, dont les résultats sont peu ou prou les mêmes chaque année, l’intérêt de La Liste réside surtout dans ce que ces adresses disent des grandes tendances mondiales en matière de gastronomie. Parmi les lignes de force qui se dégagent, d’après le comité éditorial du guide, le continent asiatique brille par ses contrastes : le sushi monte en gamme, perçu désormais bien au-delà de son côté «sain» pour devenir une réalisation culinaire de la plus grande sophistication. La cuisine coréenne s’impose comme la nouvelle grande gastronomie du futur, <i>«portée par le soft power des séries Netflix et une stratégie gouvernementale ambitieuse», </i>comme l’analyse le communiqué de presse. La Chine, hélas, souffre toujours d’un décalage majeur entre son raffinement culinaire séculaire et une interprétation culinaire à bas prix (et ce partout dans le monde). La cuisine indienne, quant à elle, voit émerger des restaurants plus ambitieux, avec des cuisines d’une grande diversité en provenance de toutes ses régions – il suffit de se promener à Paris pour le constater, des récentes ouvertures de <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/gastronomie/tempero-delhi-bazaar-et-onassis-trois-restos-pour-voyager-20230630_XK6RKSAZHJFPLMBLU4HXU5WI6U/\" target=\"_blank\">Delhi Bazaar</a> (XIe) ou Seeklo (XIe)."},{"_id":"2R7ZG5MTPZCNPMBGFB76N6A67I","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732544157929},"type":"text","content":"Le végétal, tendance déjà lourde ces dernières années, continue sa lancée bien au-delà des restaurants étoilés (on n’a qu’à penser à <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/gastronomie/que-vaut-le-restaurant-vegane-faubourg-daimant-20230915_27DKXNH275GIBF4J5ZB4VPE27I/\" target=\"_blank\">Faubourg Daimant</a> et Soya, <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/gastronomie/soya-faubourg-daimant-tien-hiang-les-adresses-parisiennes-de-libe-pour-tenter-le-veganuary-20240102_2TMD5NSUORABDK65EGIQK3LO2U/\" target=\"_blank\">entre autres</a>). Plus original, le retour à la cuisson au feu de bois marque un tournant majeur : <i>«De nombreux chefs redécouvrent les saveurs de la flamme et installant des foyers ouverts dans leurs restaurants. Cette tendance va au-delà de la technique : elle apporte théâtralité et chaleur dans la salle, reconnectant les convives avec des méthodes de cuisson ancestrales», </i>écrit le comité éditorial de La Liste. A Paris, la flamme est partout : on pense notamment à <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/ou-braiser-ce-week-end-chez-ardent-paris-20231027_HEJKZDR7AVFQNBZMW5OSB2VKCQ/\" target=\"_blank\">Ardent</a> (IXe), <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/gastronomie/cuisson-au-feu-de-bois-braise-en-ville-20211016_GQYB2AJEYVGAVLQB3L54JS26OQ/fin-de-vie/fin-de-vie/\" target=\"_blank\">à la Brasserie Riviera (Xe) ou à la Brasserie Dubillot (IIe)</a>"},{"_id":"C245V5I3MZH35EB6WY5JWBEOLY","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732545477799},"type":"text","content":"Les fermentations et la mixologie, avec des accords qui impliquent cocktails sur mesure, infusions, jus pressés et <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/gastronomie/kombuchas-tisanes-confitures-ou-pain-pour-les-viticulteurs-se-diversifier-pour-subsister-20241115_JVNPAGUHIJEQFAQTZIRPEWAFLY/\" target=\"_blank\">kombuchas</a> maison, restent également omniprésentes."},{"level":1,"_id":"NCVOWHQTVVGSVPJV32GQRBOC6M","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732542650311},"type":"header","content":"Economie fragile"},{"_id":"D4JLR6ON2FFFXCMPMZ2Z6YUU74","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732536212426},"type":"text","content":"Inquiétante, en revanche, la montée en puissance des grands groupes de luxe et hôteliers qui bouleverse profondément le paysage gastronomique. Entre la capacité d’investissement massive de ces acteurs et les indépendants, le fossé se creuse. Parmi les observations relevées par le communiqué, en Europe de l’Ouest, seule la Suisse semble épargnée par ces turbulences. <i>«Au Royaume-Uni, plus de dix restaurants ferment quotidiennement, entraînant une baisse de 3,6 % du nombre d’établissements. […] Le cas du groupe [catalan] El Barrio d’Albert Adrià est symptomatique : une faillite avec 8 millions d’euros de dettes (selon </i>la Repubblica<i>), révélant les limites d’un modèle centré sur l’innovation à tout prix. Les fermetures se multiplient [en Espagne] : Arbidel à Ribadesella, Es Racó d’es Teix à Majorque, Arce à Madrid, Auga e Sal à Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle… Même en Italie, le restaurant de Carlo Cracco dans la Galleria de Milan accumule 4,6 millions d’euros de pertes sur cinq ans.»</i>"},{"_id":"DVQ5INYLJZDGVEMD2IAMVJMIMI","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[{"date":"2024-11-25T15:33:40.181Z","start":480,"end":501,"text":"guill","user":"Corentin LACOSTE","email":"c.lacoste@liberation.fr"}],"_id":1732536212428},"type":"text","content":"Parmi les raisons invoquées, l’explosion des coûts énergétiques, la pénurie de personnel et l’inflation des matières premières, mais aussi <i>«le décalage entre les attentes des clients et une certaine vision de la gastronomie. Le menu unique imposé perd d’ailleurs de son attrait. Les établissements qui prospèrent sont ceux qui replacent le client au centre de leur approche. L’exemple du Nobelhart & Schmutzig à Berlin est édifiant : son propriétaire Billy Wagner a introduit des «Mercredis Schnitzel», remplaçant les plats complexes par une cuisine plus généreuse et accessible, avec une baisse des prix de 40 %».</i>"},{"_id":"2CBIATD7XVF5TA4C7K5IHXKVEM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732536212429},"type":"text","content":"Cette période de transition, explique le comité éditorial de La Liste, ouvre la voie à une gastronomie centrée sur le plaisir du convive : les restaurants qui réussissent comprennent que leur rôle est de créer des plats mémorables plutôt que d’imposer une vision de chef. Bientôt le retour de la <i>cucina povera</i> ?"}],"subheadlines":{"basic":"Fermentations, cuisine à la flamme, attrait pour le végétal ou montée en gamme de la cuisine indienne… Au-delà du top 1 000 des restaurants les mieux notés au monde, l’algorithme de La Liste met en lumière les grandes tendances d’un secteur marqué cette année par une franche austérité."},"description":{"basic":"Fermentations, cuisine à la flamme, attrait pour le végétal… Au-delà du top 1 000 des restaurants les mieux notés au monde, l’algorithme de La Liste met en lumière les tendances d’un secteur secteur marqué cette année par l'austérité."},"language":"","source":{"system":"composer","name":"liberation","source_type":"staff"},"taxonomy":{"primary_site":{"path":"/lifestyle/gastronomie","parent_id":"/lifestyle","name":"Gastronomie","description":"Retrouvez toute l'actualité sur la gastronomie : derniers articles, tendances, photos et vidéos de la rubrique Gastronomie de 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ne rater aucun témoignage, aucune histoire, inscrivez-vous à</b></i><a href=\"https://offre.liberation.fr/newsletter-vecu-liberation\"><i><b> notre nouvelle newsletter «Vécu»</b></i></a><i><b>.</b></i>"},{"_id":"XIDFVFL5MVB75B5WN3R4XOSOPE","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[{"pos":481,"comment":", classée quatrième des tendances sur Canal+,"}],"comments":[],"_id":1732024893478},"type":"text","content":"<b>Improbable mais vrai, la série </b><i><b>Orange Is the New Black</b></i><b> pourrait avoir un point commun avec l’émission de téléréalité française </b><i><b>la Villa des Cœurs brisés</b></i><b> : donner envie, que ça soit en prison ou dans une maison luxueuse, de vivre avec ses potes, et plus si affinités. De </b><i><b>Friends </b></i><b>à </b><i><b>Girls </b></i><b>en passant par </b><i><b>Bloqués</b></i><b>, les quotidiens de héros en colocation assurent presque automatiquement aux séries un succès qui, avec un peu de chance, sera intergénérationnel. Même la récente production</b><i><b> Loups-Garous</b></i><b> – sur le jeu de société du même nom – retransmet à l’écran deux semaines de cohabitation et de cohésion entre les treize joueurs. Ce mode de vie s’est refait une beauté avec l’arrivée du coliving, une colocation de luxe où, a minima, une salle de douche privative est assurée. Avec ces ajustements, la vie en communauté séduit de plus en plus les jeunes actifs qui représentent, en 2024, </b><a href=\"https://www.oqoro.com/a/barometre-colocation-france-2024\"><b>44 % des candidats aux offres, selon le site de location Oqoro</b></a><b>. Cette solution parfois choisie, qui raconte aussi une nouvelle manière de faire famille, reste néanmoins souvent subie, car plus économique. Elle permet à chaque colocataire de débourser 15 % de moins que pour un studio, selon le site</b><a href=\"https://www.locservice.fr/actualites/observatoire-colocation-2024-12274.html\"><b> Loc service.</b></a><b> Aujourd’hui, Clara (1), 25 ans, enseignante en lettres au lycée, raconte avoir rencontré déconvenues sur déconvenues, avant de prendre, au bout d’une semaine de colocation, ses jambes à son cou.</b>"},{"_id":"O3GKZJV23RCPRMA2UMMOZILR7U","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1731940602668},"type":"text","content":"«En 2022, j’ai 23 ans et je cherche un appartement près de Paris pour me loger pendant mon master de lettres. Je tombe sur une annonce Le Bon Coin d’une chambre pour 500 euros par mois dans une colocation à trois, à Bagnolet. Je fonce. Pendant la visite de l’appartement avec la propriétaire, j’aperçois mes deux futurs colocataires : un homme de 30 ans qui vit déjà là depuis trois ans, et une jeune femme de mon âge qui n’arrivera, comme moi, qu’à la fin de l’été. On ne se parle presque pas, mais ils me paraissent sympathiques. Avec le recul, c’était une erreur de signer pour vivre avec de complets inconnus, mais à l’époque j’étais naïve et je n’avais pas pris la mesure de ce que pouvait impliquer la cohabitation."},{"_id":"XTLXWRUYV5ENFF6H2ELPN2QRW4","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1731940602669},"type":"text","content":"«Deux mois après, en septembre, je débarque officiellement dans l’appartement. Au bout de quelques heures seulement, ma colocataire qui est arrivée la veille vient m’avertir qu’un cafard lui est tombé dessus lorsqu’elle se douchait. Elle semble vraiment contrariée, mais ne souhaite pas avertir la propriétaire par crainte de se faire virer de l’appartement et de ne pas retrouver un logement aussi avantageux économiquement. C’est une double déception : il y a des cafards et je comprends que c’est à moi de m’occuper du problème."},{"_id":"ZFPWZ44X6FECHHYCHIMBQCJYFM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1731940602670},"type":"text","content":"«Après une sortie, je rentre le soir et j’allume la lumière dans la cuisine. Au moment où la pièce s’éclaire, je vois un nombre impressionnant de cafards se cacher. Je comprends que le logement est infesté de cafards. Je trouve même une bête dans mon agenda ! Dès le lendemain, j’appelle, paniquée, la propriétaire qui me promet de venir. Elle me glisse qu’elle est habituée et qu’il ne faut pas s’inquiéter."},{"_id":"V7OORWNNAZDRBFHJI3QFZITQYM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[{"date":"2024-11-24T19:09:09.184Z","start":319,"end":391,"text":"guill","user":"Guillaume LECAPLAIN","email":"g.lecaplain@liberation.fr"}],"_id":1731940602671},"type":"text","content":"«En attendant qu’elle se déplace, je pulvérise l’appartement d’un produit pour tuer les cafards. Alors que je suis en plein branle-bas de combat, je croise pour la première fois mon colocataire. Lui, bouddhiste pratiquant, ne comprend pas vraiment mon agitation. Il s’en fout royalement des cafards. Il me lance même : “Ça ne mord pas et ça ne donne pas de maladie, donc ce n’est pas grave.” Au même moment, je décroche un cadre photo et je vois un énorme cafard ! Je pensais qu’il allait le tuer ou le pulvériser du produit, mais non… Il le saisit délicatement pour le mettre sur le rebord de la fenêtre. Je comprends à ce moment qu’il vit sûrement très bien avec les cafards depuis très longtemps…"},{"subtype":"title_only","_id":"DDDDN72QEVAR3BK6ILZRZ5ZY4M","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"_id":"3MVCF5ZXW5ENBKK22KRRUSDDFA"},"title":"A lire aussi","type":"link_list","items":[{"description":{"_id":"PQXBC4FFHBC5DLJHZ6CN7HFJBA","type":"text","content":""},"_id":"W3YTIULX5ZCZ3NK6JO5M7UJHOM","type":"interstitial_link","content":"Secret de boulot : «Bénévole dans un festival, je devais installer trois DMX. J’ai rien compris et j’ai foutu trois BMX dans des arbres»","url":"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/secret-de-boulot-benevole-dans-un-festival-je-devais-installer-trois-dmx-jai-rien-compris-et-jai-foutu-trois-bmx-dans-des-arbres-20240504_563D4XW33VDKZI63ZLT6VICPYU/"}]},{"_id":"6K4AXSAV7RAELKY7JR7NZS5UEE","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1731940602673},"type":"text","content":"«Deux ou trois jours après, la gérante de l’appartement vient, seule, pour désinfecter la maison. Elle me donne des consignes habituelles : ne laisser aucune nourriture traîner, placer les produits secs dans des bocaux fermés etc. Je transmets à mes colocataires sur notre groupe de discussion. Le soir, je rentre à l’appartement et je vois que mon colocataire m’a laissée à manger. C’est une attention plutôt sympa, sauf que je retrouve dans la cuisine le dîner dans la marmite ouverte et tous les produits qui avaient servi sur le plan de travail. Sans surprise, je trouve un cafard sur un bout de maïs."},{"_id":"NK7GGDSUP5GMNATNMSL4X5MQBQ","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1731940602674},"type":"text","content":"«La première semaine vient de s’écouler et je rentre de mon week-end passé à la Fête de l’Huma. Lorsque je m’installe dans mon lit, je sens quelque chose me piquer. Au début, je me dis que je psychote. Puis je finis par jeter un œil. Je vois des traces de sang. Les cafards ne saignent pas. En regardant sous mon oreiller, je reconnais des punaises de lit."},{"_id":"WCCW4M622VDGPGW7FUHHZGND7M","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1731940602675},"type":"text","content":"«C’en est trop ! En une semaine d’emménagement, je me retrouve nez à nez avec deux espèces de nuisibles. Ni une, ni deux, je prends toutes mes affaires et je commande un Uber pour rentrer chez mes parents qui vivent en banlieue parisienne. Je n’ai jamais remis les pieds dans cet appartement, j’ai juste envoyé un message à mes colocataires pour les prévenir de la présence de punaises de lit. Le garçon m’a accusée de les avoir ramenées de la Fête de l’Huma, alors même que ma valise, qui elle ne m’avait pas accompagnée en week-end, en était infestée… Une aberration.»"},{"_id":"XIDFVFL5MVB75B5WN3R4XOSOPE","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732024893478},"type":"text","content":"(1) Le prénom a été modifié."}],"subheadlines":{"basic":"A deux, trois, quatre ou même dix, les colocations font carton plein, offrant aux aventureux le meilleur comme le pire des scénarios. Dans notre premier épisode, Clara raconte l’insalubrité de son ancien logement partagé."},"description":{"basic":"A deux, trois, quatre ou même dix, les colocations font carton plein, offrant aux aventureux le meilleur comme le pire des scénarios. 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Les titres-restaurant ont permis aux commerces qui les acceptent de bénéficier de 14 milliards d’euros, a révélé, ce lundi 25 novembre, une étude menée par la Commission nationale des titres-restaurant (CNTR) en partenariat avec la société de conseil C-Ways. Le détail des lieux de dépense est rassurant pour la restauration – traditionnelle comme rapide – qui arrive première du classement avec 8,6 milliards d’euros récoltés sur l’année grâce à ces fameuses cartes déjeuners. C’est 2,9 milliards d’euros pour les grandes et moyennes surfaces, juste devant les commerces de proximité (boulangeries, traiteurs), qui ont droit eux aussi à leur part du gâteau, avec 2,5 milliards récoltés."},{"_id":"PHRJQXGOWJG3NIF55NFH7GIRPU","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732469807583},"type":"text","content":"Depuis 2022, pour lutter contre la vie chère, <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/consommation/manger-au-restaurant-est-devenu-un-luxe-et-le-titre-restaurant-une-necessite-a-la-caisse-du-supermarche-20241121_LBINIPBIN5AAJJXAJG2WIUVDMY/\" target=\"_blank\">les 5,4 millions de salariés qui perçoivent des titres-restaurant peuvent acheter avec leur carte</a> des produits non consommables immédiatement, comme la farine, les pâtes, les haricots surgelés, etc. <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/economie/conso/tickets-restaurant-pour-faire-ses-courses-les-deputes-votent-la-prolongation-de-la-mesure-jusqua-fin-2026-20241121_JVZLEGHJVREA5HOF6T6E64NQTM/\" target=\"_blank\">L’annonce du renouvellement de ce dispositif jusqu’en 2026</a> inquiète les restaurateurs. 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Les 75% restants le sont pour des <i>«préparations alimentaires immédiatement consommables», </i>une possibilité existant <i>«depuis le milieu des années 80», </i>rappelle l’étude."},{"subtype":"title_only","_id":"GSE27MPY3BGRTEDVU3P2RI7WSY","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"_id":"2UJJOWP3ABD3TNAOXVGNG7IMJI"},"title":"Reportage","type":"link_list","items":[{"description":{"_id":"LDKD3K4W25GPXAA5TP6KOB7QLA","type":"text","content":""},"_id":"MOU3UZTER5HIHIZVGFEOCGCAXQ","type":"interstitial_link","content":"Prolongement des tickets resto pour les courses : «Tout le monde n’a pas des restaurants abordables près du travail»","url":"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/consommation/prolongement-des-tickets-resto-pour-les-courses-tout-le-monde-na-pas-des-restaurants-abordables-pres-du-travail-20241121_2PSNARGWHFHDBON3YXJTWISTAA/"}]},{"_id":"QM6BSTQ6WBGRVFUJUFPJFDZWT4","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732469807585},"type":"text","content":"<i>«Le dispositif est également </i><a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/economie/le-chomage-remonte-tres-legerement-en-france-a-74-au-troisieme-trimestre-20241113_34THHFV3KJEO3BFPVFXRQZ6VBQ/#:~:text=Le%20point%20bas%20de%20la,son%20pic%20de%20mi%2D2015.\" target=\"_blank\"><i>un pilier pour l’emploi</i></a><i>», </i>souligne le communiqué qui présente l’étude. Parmi les 100 000 contrats de travail soutenus par les titres-restaurant, 40 000 pourraient disparaître si ce dispositif était supprimé. Le secteur de la restauration serait le plus <i>«gravement affecté», </i>mais <i>«les commerces alimentaires indépendants et leurs écosystèmes» </i>aussi, juge l’instance de référence. Plus particulièrement, dans <i>«les zones rurales et périurbaines, où les commerces de proximité dépendent largement de ces flux financiers», </i>précise-t-elle."},{"level":2,"_id":"G4MYQTZ465EEHNJ4G3EHMCPKWA","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732469807589},"type":"header","content":"«Le coût réel d’un repas équilibré est estimé entre 12 et 19 euros»"},{"_id":"7ITOZYNW4FE3ZJYMTHLH6NOKKU","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732469807586},"type":"text","content":"Outre les salariés, les restaurateurs, les commerces de proximité et les grandes surfaces, un acteur à ne pas négliger profite largement de ces titres-déjeuner : l’Etat. D’après l’étude, les comptes publics récupèrent <i>«3 milliards d’euros par an via la TVA, les cotisations sociales et patronales, ainsi que les impôts sur les sociétés et sur les revenus». </i>Un sacré pactole qui revient finalement à 845 millions d’euros par an de bénéfice net."},{"_id":"JT35ULVLZVDCTIXJ4PD4LOUGCU","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732469807588},"type":"text","content":"Cette rentrée d’argent est inégale en fonction du lieu de dépense des cartes titres-restaurant. Chaque euro dépensé dans un commerce de bouche «génère» 53 centimes de «recettes sociales et fiscales». Alors que, pour la même somme, un euro dépensé dans la distribution alimentaire engendre seulement 10 centimes. A la fin, l’écart est important : 2 milliards d’euros contre 300 millions."},{"_id":"G4MYQTZ465EEHNJ4G3EHMCPKWA","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732469807589},"type":"text","content":"Face aux différents enjeux, la CNTR recommande de revoir le montant mis à disposition chaque jour pour déjeuner. Actuellement à 8,75 euros en moyenne, <i>«le coût réel d’un repas équilibré [est] estimé entre 12 et 19 euros selon les régions et les types de restauration». </i>Pour améliorer le dispositif, l’instance souhaiterait <i>«une différenciation des plafonds selon les usages (restauration vs grande distribution)», </i>ouvrir à <i>«d’autres catégories de travailleurs que les salariés», «une augmentation progressive de la valeur faciale </i>[indiquée, ndlr]<i>» </i>et une <i>«réflexion sur une augmentation de la part patronale dans le cofinancement (au-delà des 60% actuels)». </i>Des titres-restaus plus généreux et financés de manière plus importante par les entreprises, c’est oui."}],"subheadlines":{"basic":"Dans une étude révélée ce lundi 25 novembre, la Commission nationale des titres-restaurant révèle les habitudes de dépenses des bénéficiaires. 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faire une mauvaise rencontre. On est dimanche. En sirotant notre café, on lit tranquillement sur l’ordinateur un article sur la victoire au Japon en double des frères Lebrun, quand soudain, un quotidien national ami et néanmoins concurrent nous suggère : «Black Friday : c’est le moment ou jamais pour craquer sur un robot laveur de vitres»."},{"_id":"6UM3LNH5G5DMTJHEV4K2YLU3EU","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732456325762},"type":"text","content":"On confesse à cet instant s’être senti comme Godefroy de Montmirail découvrant le monde moderne : qu’est-ce donc que cette diablerie ? On apprend que pour ceux qui n’aiment pas nettoyer leurs vitres (mais qui apprécie cette tâche ?), il existe un appareil qui peut le faire pour vous. Place au rêve : ce robot dispose d’un <i>«dispositif antidérapant»,</i> d’une <i>«puissante aspiration»,</i> est <i>«capable de fonctionner même dans un environnement sombre»,</i> planifie <i>«intelligemment son itinéraire»,</i> a <i>«un tampon de nettoyage en microfibres».</i> C’est vraiment une <i>«excellente idée de cadeau de Noël».</i> Le tout pour 284 euros seulement pour le premier prix (-14 % !), ou 899 euros pour le meilleur modèle (-25 % !). Franchement, une affaire. 284 euros, au prix du chiffon en microfibres (2,50 euros) et du spray nettoyant vitre (1,50 euro), ce n’est que 71 fois plus cher que votre équipement actuel. Foncez !"},{"_id":"YNXKAYSXX5FRVIMMY6GC4OIISE","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732456325763},"type":"text","content":"Sérieusement ? Avec le Black Friday – qui commence en théorie vendredi prochain mais qui est déjà en cours sur tous les sites Internet marchands et ceux qui relaient leurs offres – est venu le moment que les publicitaires préfèrent dans l’année : nous faire croire que l’on a besoin de produits dont on ignorait l’existence une heure auparavant. Ce sont, souvent, des appareils connectés plus ou moins intelligents, fabriqués à l’autre bout du monde pour un coût écologique désastreux, qui vous promettent de gagner du temps dans votre vie quotidienne et de prendre plus de place chez vous. A ce petit jeu, un rapide tour par Google actualités montre que les «air fryers» sont (encore) mis en vedette. Aucune importance que <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/economie/economie-numerique/airfryers-soupconnes-detre-des-espions-chinois-une-association-donne-lalerte-20241107_5AQZGCQ6YBCV5JVVHQ7P54Z4LA/\" target=\"_blank\">ces appareils soient peut-être des espions chinois</a> ou que selon deux études (turque et coréenne), ils soient potentiellement dangereux pour la santé en produisant à la cuisson de l’acrylamide, une substance cancérogène. Tant qu’ils nous préparent des frites sans rien faire."},{"_id":"KVCANQQPXFFY3P5AHPQYSZKZSQ","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732456325764},"type":"text","content":"Face à cette célébration de la surconsommation, les commerçants indépendants, incapables de s’aligner sur une atmosphère de promo permanente, trinquent, comme le note <i>le </i><a href=\"https://www.lefigaro.fr/societes/depuis-le-debut-de-la-semaine-la-boutique-est-vide-ces-petits-commerces-qui-payent-les-pots-casses-du-black-friday-20241122\" target=\"_blank\"><i>Figaro</i></a><i>.</i> Ils déplorent une désaffection de leurs boutiques en novembre. Certaines villes soucieuses de continuer à faire vivre leur centre sont inquiètes et tentent de créer des événements concurrents, comme le «Green Friday» ou le «Local Friday»."},{"subtype":"facebook-video","referent":{"referent_properties":{"additional_properties":{"comments":[],"_id":1732473582710},"locale":"fr_FR"},"provider":"https://graph.facebook.com/v8.0/oembed_video?url=","service":"oembed","id":"https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=1229594348154387","type":"facebook-video"},"_id":"GTTHOFFCPZFRZAWARPNY5YE5ZU","raw_oembed":{"author_name":"ObjectifGard","author_url":"https://www.facebook.com/objectifgard","width":500,"html":"<div id=\"fb-root\"></div>\n<script async=\"1\" defer=\"1\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\" src=\"https://connect.facebook.net/fr_FR/sdk.js#xfbml=1&version=v21.0\"><\/script><div class=\"fb-video\" data-href=\"https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=1229594348154387\"><blockquote cite=\"https://fr-fr.facebook.com/objectifgard/videos/1229594348154387/\" class=\"fb-xfbml-parse-ignore\"><a href=\"https://fr-fr.facebook.com/objectifgard/videos/1229594348154387/\"></a><p>En centre-ville de Nîmes, Attac mène une action visant à dénoncer Amazon, la surproduction et le gaspillage</p>Publiée par <a href=\"https://www.facebook.com/objectifgard\">ObjectifGard</a> sur Samedi 23 novembre 2024</blockquote></div>","provider_url":"https://www.facebook.com","_id":"https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=1229594348154387","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"_id":1732473582710},"provider_name":"Facebook","type":"facebook-video","locale":"fr_FR","version":"1.0","height":281},"type":"oembed_response"},{"_id":"UTE2YEMJAJB4FIVGROVCHXHZVM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732456325765},"type":"text","content":"Les associations altermondialistes et écologistes sont aussi sur le pont. 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Libération","site_tagline":null},"navigation":{"nav_title":"Consommation"},"_admin":{"alias_ids":["/lifestyle/consommation"]},"inactive":false,"node_type":"section","_website":"liberation","name":"Consommation","_id":"/lifestyle/consommation","ancestors":{"default":["/lifestyle","/"],"burgermenu":["/lifestyle","/"]},"order":{"default":2007,"burgermenu":2007}}},"_website_section_id":"liberation./lifestyle/consommation","type":"section","version":"0.6.0"}}},"created_date":"2024-11-24T12:45:50.116Z","publish_date":"2024-11-24T18:43:48.9Z","_id":"LXDUUAYYCNHBLNZ4R3BMJZRBJA","website":"liberation","website_url":"/lifestyle/consommation/black-friday-non-vous-navez-pas-besoin-dun-robot-laveur-de-vitres-20241124_LXDUUAYYCNHBLNZ4R3BMJZRBJA/"},{"content_elements":[{"_id":"GMEJYSX2CFC27GR3E2QBPU25X4","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732206760811},"type":"text","content":"Qui aurait cru que l’on parlerait autant d’amour au milieu d’effluves de chou farci ? Lundi 18 novembre, Limoges (Haute-Vienne) accueillait le premier championnat du monde de chou farci, trois ans après la création du concours français par le grossiste en charcuterie Les Artcutiers. C’est Arnaud Donckele, chef deux fois triple étoilé (la Vague d’Or à Saint-Tropez, et Plénitude, à l’hôtel du Cheval Blanc de Paris) et président du jury de cette première édition, qui a d’abord recouru au champ lexical de l’amour et de la séduction. Alors qu’on lui demandait ce à quoi il serait attentif lors de la dégustation, il a haussé les épaules :<i> «Est-ce que vous savez déjà par avance ce que vous cherchez quand vous avez un coup de foudre ?»</i> C’est ensuite <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/gastronomie/la-singapourienne-bernadette-de-rozario-remporte-le-premier-championnat-du-monde-de-chou-farci-20241118_DMOFJVLNYVAMNEUM32M5GA2P5Q/\" target=\"_blank\">Bernadette De Rozario, la candidate de Singapour</a>, où elle est sous-cheffe d’Odette, la brasserie du restaurant français Claudine, qui nous en a parlé : <i>«Quand vous mangez du chou farci, vous pouvez sentir que c’est un plat fait avec amour.»</i>"},{"_id":"T6IMTIX4IJGOXMKPY5N3GOTCWI","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732206760812},"type":"text","content":"Le chou farci est avant tout un mets ménager, paysan, associé volontiers aux grandes tablées dominicales. <i>«Il y a un côté madeleine de Proust. Ce n’est pas la technicité qui est la priorité. Contrairement à la pâtisserie où il faut être très droit, suivre la recette à la lettre, le chou farci se prête à toutes les variations. La sincérité, la sensibilité et la main de celui ou celle qui le prépare vont être déterminantes»,</i> assure Arnaud Donckele. Si l’on peut croire que les souvenirs d’enfance sont ce qu’il y a de moins partagé au monde, chacun ayant les siens et la mémoire étant une matière fragile, voire volatile, le chef estime au contraire que le chou, puisqu’il est très présent dans les cuisines d’Amérique comme d’Asie en passant par l’Europe, revêt une dimension <i>«madeleine de Proust universelle». </i>Ce n’est pas Bernadette De Rozario, la petite trentaine, qui le contredira : <i>«J’utilise la recette de la mère de mon patron, qui est français, mais ma propre grand-mère, à Singapour, cuisinait quelque chose de similaire, même si la présentation n’était pas la même : elle faisait du chou cuit avec du porc épicé dans un bouillon de poulet, et le plat était ensuite monté sur des brochettes.» </i>Peu importe le flacon pourvu qu’on ait le souvenir."},{"level":2,"_id":"JEUUMFVXZVDW5G5QWVS7XDYZUM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732212850705},"type":"header","content":"«Une recette très moderne»"},{"_id":"BIKMP35EHZBPBNM7534WASPVLQ","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732206760813},"type":"text","content":"A la manufacture Bernardaud, maison familiale de porcelaine créée en 1863 associée à l’organisation du championnat, le magasin d’usine avait été soigneusement vidé pour accueillir les cinq candidats, leurs commis, leurs plans de travail, fours et tables de cuisson. Chacun des impétrants, venus de Paris, Tokyo, New York, Oslo, et Singapour (même si des cinq, trois étaient en fait des Français officiant à l’étranger) commençait à travailler avec un quart d’heure de décalage, afin que le jury, dans lequel figuraient aussi notamment le cuisinier Yves Camdeborde, le boucher Hugo Desnoyer, le seul meilleur ouvrier de France japonais Kenichiro Sekiya, ou encore la chroniqueuse et autrice culinaire Raphaële Marchal, puisse ensuite goûter chaque plat à la bonne température, équité du concours oblige. Dans un silence presque religieux, et à distance derrière une barrière de sécurité digne d’un sommet du G8 pour ne pas déranger les compétiteurs, on a observé les candidats, ultra concentrés, s’affairer des heures pour proposer leur propre version du chou farci, ici garni de foie gras, là de cerfeuil, là encore de trompettes-de-la-mort ou de girolles. Des produits parfois nobles qui tranchent avec<a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/gastronomie/plongee-geo-culinaire-dans-les-origines-du-chou-farci-20211217_KV7PFVONZZFY5CYSISMJFIGRLY/?redirected=1\"> les origines populaires de ce plat</a> – les candidats n’étaient d’ailleurs pas autorisés à utiliser de la truffe, trop chère."},{"owner":{"sponsored":false,"id":"liberation"},"copyright":"Céline Levain","address":{"street_address":"Manufacture Bernardaud","locality":"Limoges ","country_name":"FRA","region":"Haute-Vienne/ Nouvelle Aquitaine"},"syndication":{},"auth":{"1":"82377d1f4d7d3efe546c39dde7df07cccf2dbe45dd8c1edc073ed7f82b80367d"},"caption":"Bernadette De Rozario a été sacrée championne du monde.","source":{"system":"photo center","edit_url":"","additional_properties":{"editor":"photo 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","height":2400,"image_type":"photograph","resized_params":[{"url":"resizer/CBZbtx4IEKsWJmjhYNhVFDKhfDI=/84x56/filters:format(jpg):quality(70)/cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/liberation/LQYKHQARUNAFLBF24ZTQUTICLM.jpg","width":84,"height":56},{"url":"resizer/YM3AuV4nptzIKVI4qDQGOkJiAgM=/105x70/filters:format(jpg):quality(70)/cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/liberation/LQYKHQARUNAFLBF24ZTQUTICLM.jpg","width":105,"height":70},{"url":"resizer/X6brIvExEWS7XAMuBjiXgKxavBs=/158x105/filters:format(jpg):quality(70)/cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/liberation/LQYKHQARUNAFLBF24ZTQUTICLM.jpg","width":158,"height":105},{"url":"resizer/0CgQUNf0mSB8jMD14XKBKR1kmnY=/274x183/filters:format(jpg):quality(70)/cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/liberation/LQYKHQARUNAFLBF24ZTQUTICLM.jpg","width":274,"height":183},{"url":"resizer/pt1phDQ_x0tFHF6aKsaSENZFPMg=/377x251/filters:format(jpg):quality(70)/cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/liberation/LQYKHQARUNAFLBF24ZTQUTICLM.jpg","width":377,"height":251},{"url":"resizer/swIgHB6diNIwE4oNaPkbO2ZPMMk=/400x267/filters:format(jpg):quality(70)/cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/liberation/LQYKHQARUNAFLBF24ZTQUTICLM.jpg","width":400,"height":267},{"url":"resizer/cSBtb94nIgev7trpXDYd_8U_UWc=/600x400/filters:format(jpg):quality(70)/cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/liberation/LQYKHQARUNAFLBF24ZTQUTICLM.jpg","width":600,"height":400},{"url":"resizer/XbPQgJGfIYbJbGt5dMeB_FIdt04=/768x512/filters:format(jpg):quality(70)/cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/liberation/LQYKHQARUNAFLBF24ZTQUTICLM.jpg","width":768,"height":512},{"url":"resizer/NgQTupBT98zdVJR82IVdN5XaDR8=/800x533/filters:format(jpg):quality(70)/cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/liberation/LQYKHQARUNAFLBF24ZTQUTICLM.jpg","width":800,"height":533},{"url":"resizer/y-Eb4Lp1dkJtyBG-BbPsV8zuGnY=/1024x683/filters:format(jpg):quality(70)/cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/liberation/LQYKHQARUNAFLBF24ZTQUTICLM.jpg","width":1024,"height":683},{"url":"resizer/nd8teDhQjwixvl2HNuFXPff9WDQ=/1200x800/filters:format(jpg):quality(70)/cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/liberation/LQYKHQARUNAFLBF24ZTQUTICLM.jpg","width":1200,"height":800},{"url":"resizer/8b0mSNwI2yNR7znECb5E65Rsyzw=/1440x960/filters:format(jpg):quality(70)/cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/liberation/LQYKHQARUNAFLBF24ZTQUTICLM.jpg","width":1440,"height":960},{"url":"resizer/UaX3g20ZN6uP28ww1b0R8CbkTbA=/1600x1067/filters:format(jpg):quality(70)/cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/liberation/LQYKHQARUNAFLBF24ZTQUTICLM.jpg","width":1600,"height":1067}]},{"_id":"2WQN5NNKCRAO3I7KF5BUXIJMNI","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732206760814},"type":"text","content":"Dans un bon chou farci, <i>«il faut qu’on retrouve le goût du chou, la viande est finalement un exhausteur de goût. C’est une recette très contemporaine car il y a beaucoup de végétal. Elle était un peu tombée en désuétude mais les nouvelles versions sont dynamiques, beaucoup plus modernes»,</i> affirme de son côté Olivier Becherel, président de l’Association du chou farci et administrateur des Artcutiers. Arnaud Donckele ne dit pas autre chose :<i> «Ce plat se rapproche des valeurs du végétal. On a une obligation de mettre un peu de viande, mais il a une part végétale prépondérante. La viande, on peut très bien n’en mettre que 10 % comme 60 %, c’est versatile. La viande peut être juste un condiment à travers la sauce. C’est donc une recette très moderne.» </i>Dans le règlement du championnat, les candidats ne pouvaient pas proposer un plat entièrement végétarien, mais étaient libres de mettre plus ou moins de barbaque. Car le chou farci, c’est aussi et peut-être avant tout le mariage des différents artisanats de la bectance :<i> «Mon père était charcutier, moi je suis cuisinier, et le chou farci, c’est la rencontre des deux mondes.» </i>Car les charcutiers, contrairement aux primeurs par exemple qui ne proposent pas ou peu de plats cuisinés, ne se contentent pas de débiter rillettes et saucissons à longueur de journée, ils offrent aussi des mets qui conjuguent plusieurs arts : un bon pâté en croûte, pour n’en citer qu’un seul, nécessite de maîtriser la confection d’une pâte à la manière d’un pâtissier."},{"_id":"2NRRQLUTYRFW5HM7DXSUE6UJ6A","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732208826143},"type":"text","content":"<i>«Il y a une subtilité très difficile,</i> reprend Donckele.<i> Le chou a une cuisson longue. Or quand vous poussez les cuissons, dans le pochage, vous allez enlever le goût et la fraîcheur, donc l’enjeu c’est de jouer à la fois avec le surcuisiné tout en ramenant de la fraîcheur, un peu comme une vapeur de chou. La subtilité est là : si c’est trop surcuisiné, votre palais va rapidement être saturé, tout l’enjeu c’est de retrouver cet équilibre.»</i>"},{"level":2,"_id":"IGHITAQ4PBDCXAOTQA73TICSSE","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732212850709},"type":"header","content":"«La difficulté, c’est qu’il y ait une osmose avec la sauce»"},{"_id":"IEJRKWLZSRFPXJSD752PNGXE7I","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[{"date":"2024-11-21T17:50:53.368Z","start":332,"end":345,"text":"g","user":"Anais AUDUREAU","email":"a.audureau@liberation.fr"}],"_id":1732206760815},"type":"text","content":"Venu d’Oslo en Norvège, Dimitri Veith, 28 ans, est le chef-copropriétaire de Mon Oncle (un nom donné par le précédent tenancier, norvégien, de l’établissement en hommage à Jacques Tati). C’est son premier championnat, après avoir remporté la présélection européenne. <i>«Je ne sers pas de chou farci à Mon Oncle, car je fais des menus “dégustation” et ça ne s’y prête pas forcément puisque c’est un gros plat à partager. Mais cela m’amusait de tenter ce concours. J’aurais aimé pouvoir m’entraîner un peu plus mais je suis content de ce que j’ai sorti : j’ai mis du cochon, des ris de veau et du tétras-lyre mâle, qui a la taille d’un faisan et qu’on cuisine pas mal dans le nord de l’Europe mais dont la chasse n’est pas autorisée en France.»</i> La sauce, elle, comportait du chou, du lard fumé et du vieux Rivesaltes <i>«pour mettre en valeur les alcools français»</i>. Originalité : son chou farci était présenté comme une bûche de Noël roulée, plutôt que dans sa version ronde traditionnelle."},{"owner":{"sponsored":false,"id":"liberation"},"copyright":"Céline Levain","address":{"street_address":"Manufacture Bernardaud","locality":"Limoges ","country_name":"FRA","region":"Haute-Vienne/ Nouvelle Aquitaine"},"auth":{"1":"ac1131db19ff2a74dc6be952bbb57c44a503c5ae4d518310563052294b4d6481"},"caption":"Dimitri Veith (Mon Oncle, à Oslo) finit son dressage.","source":{"system":"photo center","edit_url":"","additional_properties":{"editor":"photo center"}},"taxonomy":{"associated_tasks":[]},"type":"image","version":"0.10.9","url":"https://cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/liberation/W6HBHEA4ONF6XMEEHU26USWTOE.jpg","licensable":false,"credits":{"affiliation":[{"name":"Libération","type":"author"}],"by":[{"name":"Céline Levain","type":"author","byline":"Céline Levain"}]},"subtitle":"PRODLIBE 2024-1486 Choux farcis 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candidat parisien, Sébastien Guérin, chef de partie au palais de l’Elysée, était lui <i>«parti sur une farce 100 % cochon, échalotes confites, foie gras poêlé, ris de veau braisés et compotée de chou»,</i> élaborée spécialement pour le championnat de France qu’il a remporté il y a quelques mois. C’était la règle : entre les sélections et le concours final, il était interdit de modifier son mode de cuisson ou ses ingrédients. Il lui a fallu près de 50 essais pour parvenir au bon équilibre<i>. «La difficulté, c’est que le chou soit bien cuit et qu’il y ait une osmose quand on le mange, avec la sauce. La mienne était à base de pieds de cochon et de lard de Colonnata. Malheureusement, le jus avait un peu d’amertume car je n’ai pas l’habitude de travailler sur de l’induction, je crois que c’est ça qui m’a coûté la victoire.»</i>"},{"level":2,"_id":"IEJRKWLZSRFPXJSD752PNGXE7I","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732206760815},"type":"header","content":"«Faire les choses avec cœur»"},{"_id":"DCISHTXFX5G4NH7CHPLTFC6Q3U","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732212850713},"type":"text","content":"En fin de journée, c’est la candidate de Singapour, Bernadette De Rozario, <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/gastronomie/la-singapourienne-bernadette-de-rozario-remporte-le-premier-championnat-du-monde-de-chou-farci-20241118_DMOFJVLNYVAMNEUM32M5GA2P5Q/\" target=\"_blank\">qui l’a emporté haut la main</a>. On n’a rien su des délibérations du jury, protégées comme le secret de la pierre philosophale par une organisation sur les dents, qui limitait drastiquement les accès de la presse à l’événement – lequel, au reste, n’était pas publicisé auprès des habitants de la ville. Tant pis pour la fête populaire que cela aurait pu être. On a, en revanche, été témoin du grand sourire, presque timide, de la gagnante au moment de l’annonce des résultats. Elle a remercié son chef exécutif, venu l’encourager, et son commis, pour l’avoir aidée à garder son calme durant le rush de l’épreuve. Et parlé, à nouveau, de générosité et d’amour : <i>«Je me sens soulagée et très reconnaissante. Je cuisine avec mon cœur donc je ne m’attendais pas à grand-chose, j’étais juste fière de ce que j’avais présenté. C’est vraiment ça qui est important en cuisine : faire les choses avec du cœur.» «On cuisine pour les autres, pas pour soi. C’est très dur car de la même manière qu’en France, il y a 60 millions de sélectionneurs de l’équipe de France, il y a 60 millions de cuisiniers, qui vont juger votre travail et parfois ne pas le comprendre ou l’apprécier»,</i> confirme Arnaud Donckele."},{"owner":{"sponsored":false,"id":"liberation"},"copyright":"Céline Levain","address":{"street_address":"Manufacture Bernardaud","locality":"Limoges ","country_name":"FRA","region":"Haute-Vienne/ Nouvelle Aquitaine"},"auth":{"1":"4019afbfdc5beea6eda3711f372d5bb42ee0d41ecc98297bdb83dbc5c415e4a3"},"caption":"Le chou farci de Sébastien Guérin, chef de partie à l’Elysée.","source":{"system":"photo center","edit_url":"","additional_properties":{"editor":"photo 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Sébastien Guérin, que l’on sentait déçu, le triple étoilé Donckele a gentiment assuré : <i>«La cuisine, c’est la capacité à se remettre toujours en question, il faut en tirer beaucoup d’humilité. 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n’avait pas autant parlé de vitrail depuis des lustres. La polémique sur le remplacement potentiel des <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/culture/a-notre-dame-la-guerre-des-vitraux-ne-fait-que-commencer-20241105_DVHBZ4HTHZCKPNKCEJM3W5NSWY/?redirected=1\" target=\"_blank\">vitraux de Notre-Dame</a> – Viollet-le-Duc versus le reste du monde – a au moins eu le mérite de faire revenir cet art très français et vieux comme le Moyen Age sur le devant de la scène médiatique. L’intérêt des artistes pour les vitraux particulièrement religieux n’est pourtant pas si ancien qu’on pourrait le croire. <i>«Les verriers travaillent avec des artistes contemporains depuis peu de temps. Ça a débuté avec la commande publique après guerre qui a imposé aux artisans de réaliser des œuvres qui ne sont pas les leurs», </i>rappelle Marie Rousvoal, troisième génération, avec sa sœur Charlotte, à diriger les ateliers Duchemin, l’un des maîtres verriers les plus réputés d’un secteur qui a connu de multiples mutations. Au point que l’entreprise, basée dans le XIVe arrondissement de Paris, s’est retrouvée dans la short-list des finalistes du concours commandité par le ministère de la Culture pour Notre-Dame avec un binôme de trois artistes (sur huit au total) : Jean-Michel Alberola, Yan Pei-Ming et Gérard Traquandi."},{"owner":{"sponsored":false,"id":"liberation"},"copyright":"Marina Faust","address":{},"syndication":{},"auth":{"1":"2dd78e6f847ec61a7b728085d21925067091e5cc0d4f1d58ca5d4624b3cac4e0"},"caption":"Les vitraux de Pierre Marie pour Hermès à Vienne (Autriche).","source":{"system":"photo center","edit_url":"","additional_properties":{"editor":"photo center"}},"taxonomy":{"associated_tasks":[]},"type":"image","focal_point":{"x":2783,"y":1790},"version":"0.10.9","url":"https://cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/liberation/6MFFD6WE45EDLFJRQ5OLB35IR4.JPG","geo":{},"licensable":false,"credits":{"by":[{"name":"Marina Faust","type":"author","byline":"Marina Faust"}]},"subtitle":"","width":5472,"_id":"6MFFD6WE45EDLFJRQ5OLB35IR4","additional_properties":{"fullSizeResizeUrl":"/resizer/sKsxw3dROKnc9ChHaTK5sn36yh4=/arc-photo-liberation/eu-central-1-prod/public/6MFFD6WE45EDLFJRQ5OLB35IR4.JPG","owner":"a.zuffi@liberation.fr","comments":[],"keywords":[],"proxyUrl":"/resizer/sKsxw3dROKnc9ChHaTK5sn36yh4=/arc-photo-liberation/eu-central-1-prod/public/6MFFD6WE45EDLFJRQ5OLB35IR4.JPG","takenOn":"2023-09-01T12:39:11Z","originalUrl":"https://cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/liberation/6MFFD6WE45EDLFJRQ5OLB35IR4.JPG","published":true,"resizeUrl":"/resizer/sKsxw3dROKnc9ChHaTK5sn36yh4=/arc-photo-liberation/eu-central-1-prod/public/6MFFD6WE45EDLFJRQ5OLB35IR4.JPG","ingestionMethod":"manual","thumbnailResizeUrl":"/resizer/JJ0oFuO8jsaJsiVtiw7YjwcIIVQ=/300x0/arc-photo-liberation/eu-central-1-prod/public/6MFFD6WE45EDLFJRQ5OLB35IR4.JPG","version":2,"usage_instructions":"PARUTION GRATUITE","originalName":"marina faust - 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Leur savoir-faire, synonyme d’excellence, les amène à restaurer des pièces du patrimoine français et étranger et à créer des œuvres, le plus souvent à la demande de décorateurs et d’architectes. Marie Rousvoal reçoit désormais des demandes en provenance du monde de l’art contemporain : <i>«Depuis quelques années, j’ai des commandes de galeries qui nous sollicitaient assez peu auparavant.»</i> Et de citer Christodoulos Panayiotou chez Kamel Mennour ou Maxime Rossi lorsqu’il était représenté par la galerie Allen."},{"_id":"5UHHOMKW2VABFIBBFFFNYBPJ5E","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732096773269},"type":"text","content":"Malgré l’engouement pour le vitrail civil ou domestique (en opposition au religieux) et l’émergence d’une nouvelle génération de verriers qui se penchent sur le cas du vitrail pour y déployer leurs idées, difficile de parler de boom au vu de la complexité d’exécution et du temps qu’exige la pratique. Fabriquer un vitrail passe par le dessin, la construction d’une maquette puis la coupe de verre au demi-millimètre près. La soudure, particulièrement technique, ou le choix des verres sont autant d’étapes impossibles à mécaniser. Les verriers déjà bien implantés se méfient par ailleurs d’un potentiel effet de mode comme on a pu l’observer dans le monde de la céramique."},{"level":2,"_id":"GMUUM5XOARCFNB4BJCTGZF5EKA","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732096773268},"type":"header","content":"«Il n’est pas si facile de voir un vitrail tous les matins chez soi»"},{"_id":"G5XLLMS3RZGF3E6DXD2TWX2X7M","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732105916484},"type":"text","content":"Pierre Tatin, artisan depuis 2019 après avoir été illustrateur graphiste, a obtenu en 2023 le titre de meilleur ouvrier de France. Il s’annonce vitrailliste, appellation souvent mal comprise et pas tolérée par quelques maîtres verriers. <i>«Le vitrailliste fabrique des objets avec du verre, </i>précise-t-il depuis Pantin où il est basé.<i> Le souffleur de verre fabrique le verre en lui-même. Une fois sur deux les gens pensent qu’on nettoie les vitres…»</i> Lui compare le vitrail <i>«à un tatouage»</i> pour le côté <i>«imposant </i>[dans un intérieur, ndlr],<i> qui prend du temps à fabriquer»</i>. <i>«Une fois qu’on en installe un chez soi, on est un peu bloqué,</i> rappelle-t-il. <i>On calme souvent les ardeurs des particuliers, car ce n’est pas si facile de voir un vitrail tous les matins chez soi.» </i>Marie Rousvoal explique que le verre demande une implication plus forte de la clientèle : <i>«Commander un vitrail est beaucoup plus compliqué qu’un rideau ou que de choisir une peinture. Son installation nécessite beaucoup de travail en amont. Les gens qui désirent un vitrail et vont au bout pour l’avoir, cela ne leur coûte pas que de l’argent, mais aussi un investissement humain psychologique et émotionnel.»</i>"},{"owner":{"sponsored":false,"id":"liberation"},"copyright":"Ateliers Duchemin","address":{},"syndication":{},"auth":{"1":"631bc7b2059e03e0f65ad40e169758c62feec5547ad533ea3af2ef9b7f72e0f1"},"caption":"Les vitraux, comme ceux de l'atelier Duchemin, laissent parfaitement entrer la lumière.","source":{"system":"photo center","edit_url":"","additional_properties":{"editor":"photo center"}},"taxonomy":{"associated_tasks":[]},"type":"image","focal_point":{"x":917,"y":1206},"version":"0.10.9","url":"https://cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/liberation/EMGFZ3O7IVG2ZKTQKSQFHSKQFM.jpg","geo":{},"licensable":false,"credits":{"by":[{"name":"Ateliers Duchemin","type":"author","byline":"Ateliers 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des grands talents de la discipline qui a grandement participé à la remettre au centre de l’attention se nomme Pierre Marie. Dessinateur de son premier métier, il a créé son <i>«bureau d’études»</i> et partage son activité entre la mode et les arts décoratifs, explorant des territoires pluriels, de la tapisserie à la marqueterie de paille, <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/design/papier-peint-la-fete-contre-les-murs-20220418_N5CBUWBYTJHOZB5I3VZONMQRPM/\" target=\"_blank\">du papier peint </a>au tapis, des luminaires aux émaux, le tout en association avec des artisans à la pointe dans leur domaine. Le vitrail domine ses activités depuis près de dix ans et les débuts de ses échanges avec la maison Duchemin. Leurs réalisations demandent au minimum un an de travail, de la commande à l’installation, et se placent dans la catégorie grand luxe pouvant atteindre plusieurs centaines de milliers d’euros pour de grands formats. Son prochain projet d’ampleur sera américain, à l’invitation de l’architecte Laura Gonzalez et du grand magasin le Printemps qui ouvrira en février à Manhattan. Pas de coupole, <i>«le rêve ultime»,</i> mais une pièce de trois mètres sur deux. Pierre Marie, 42 ans, n’a pas candidaté pour Notre-Dame et s’annonce étonnamment favorable à ce qu’on laisse les œuvres de Viollet-le-Duc en place : <i>«L’abstraction au sein des églises me heurte un peu parce que l’un des rôles des vitraux comme des tapisseries, des peintures murales ou des mosaïques, était de transmettre un folklore, une histoire, une religion. Si demain, il n’y a plus Internet, ni d’électricité, plus de Wikipédia, qu’est-ce qu’on raconte dans les édifices, ou dans l’espace public aux générations futures ?»</i>"},{"level":2,"_id":"XPD3RAYX6BBNVOWFL4PYWZF2YU","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732105916487},"type":"header","content":"«Le vitrail, c’est du dessin puissance dix»"},{"_id":"JJ3ZJEPB2FFN3LU6CYD5E7OR2Q","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732117882755},"type":"text","content":"Lui aussi observe un regain d’intérêt généralisé pour le travail manuel : <i>«C’est une mouvance qu’on retrouve partout dans la jeunesse. Il y a un besoin de matière extrêmement fort qui devient le catalyseur d’une démarche artistique. Beaucoup de gens apprennent par eux-mêmes.»</i> Sophie Toporkoff, longtemps directrice de création pour Hermès, a changé radicalement de vie et vient d’ouvrir l’atelier Toporkoff dans le IXe arrondissement de Paris. Son premier souvenir de lumière à travers le verre ce sont <i>«les billes»</i> de la cour de récréation. Pour elle aussi, tout part du dessin. <i>«Le vitrail, c’est du dessin puissance dix, à travers lequel la lumière passe»,</i> suggère-t-elle. Formée au sein de l’atelier Au Passeur de lumière dirigé par Nolwenn Chassin de Kergommeaux dans le XIIe arrondissement de Paris, elle fabrique ses vitraux et veut développer une activité d’édition pour cosigner des pièces. Elle travaille en ce moment avec la dessinatrice Anne-Margot Ramstein à la création de vitraux pour un appartement new-yorkais. Et ne veut se priver d’aucun style avec l’idée de <i>«développer une création contemporaine éclectique, avec des dessinateurs venus d’horizons variés», comme </i>Sophy Hollington, Orfeo Tagiuri et George Greaves. Les prix sur le marché varient selon le travail demandé et la réputation de son auteur, mais ils se situent en moyenne entre 1 500 et 2 000 euros pour un panneau géométrique d’un mètre sur un mètre, prix qui peut doubler pour un travail ornemental."},{"owner":{"sponsored":false,"id":"liberation"},"copyright":"Pierre Tatin","address":{},"syndication":{},"auth":{"1":"f7540fb91f9b34a2df9191e79f8fcdb4b7ecb27083bf77ff8fe07a6f290cec84"},"caption":"Pour Pierre Tatin, les vitraux doivent parler au public sans qu'il ne soit que des œuvres d’art.","source":{"system":"photo center","edit_url":"","additional_properties":{"editor":"photo center"}},"taxonomy":{"associated_tasks":[]},"type":"image","focal_point":{"x":981,"y":847},"version":"0.10.9","url":"https://cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/liberation/SYGXHSTW55GUJJJTSBT26UKLZM.jpg","geo":{},"licensable":false,"credits":{"by":[{"name":"Pierre Tatin","type":"author","byline":"Pierre 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Guérin a elle appris le métier à la Maison du vitrail, dans le XVe arrondissement, en 2022, après une première carrière dans le design graphique et comme directrice artistique. Son envie de verre est venue d’une lassitude à se voir passer trop de temps derrière un ordinateur. Elle aimerait voir évoluer la structure qu’elle a créée, habilement nommée Fragile, en galerie-atelier où elle présenterait des objets composés de vitraux, créés par elle et d’autres artistes et artisans <i>«pour travailler la matière différemment, en la détournant de ce qu’elle a appris»</i>. La jeune femme a d’abord été fascinée par l’aspect <i>«pérenne du verre» </i>et notamment la découverte de créations datant du Moyen Age. <i>«Et puis, c’est un matériau génial. Ça paraît très fragile mais c’est aussi solide, on peut se couper et c’est très précieux, c’est passionnant à fabriquer. On joue avec des compositions de couleur mais on ajoute la lumière dans l’équation, selon l’opacité, la texture, tout change. C’est magique.»</i>"},{"level":2,"_id":"7MFOXEHO3JBKXF6FAUSESCS5MM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732105916489},"type":"header","content":"Chromothérapie"},{"_id":"OWI7AKN2CZBLBFLUCAJZM3VRSM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732117882758},"type":"text","content":"Souvent soupçonné d’assombrir ou de trop marquer un lieu, le vitrail attrape, au contraire, la lumière, selon Pierre Marie qui expérimente aussi les structures sur lesquelles il pose ses vitraux, qui sont dans quelque cas mobiles, et viennent se poser devant des fenêtres ou en paravent. <i>«Ça donne une température, même si c’est très subtil, légèrement différent de ce qu’on aurait si on n’avait pas les vitraux. Et la meilleure preuve, c’est l’architecture du nord de la France et de pays comme la Belgique et les Pays-Bas, où il y a souvent une imposte dans un verre jaune qui vient filtrer la lumière froide du Nord et la réchauffe de l’intérieur,</i> témoigne-t-il.<i> Si on parle de chromothérapie et d’humeurs liées au mauvais temps, le vitrail apporte de la joie dans les intérieurs.»</i>"},{"_id":"NLDRJFV64FE4XHMQBOI4CRHUHQ","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732183729550},"type":"text","content":"Esthète très demandé, Pierre Marie a plutôt tendance à créer des motifs figuratifs. Pierre Tatin aime également raconter des histoires, imaginer des vitraux ornementaux et didactiques. Il se décrit grand admirateur du travail des ateliers de l’entre-deux-guerres, très actif avant que les artistes ne s’immiscent dans le monde du vitrail. <i>«A partir des années 60, </i>rappelle-t-il. <i>La sécularisation des églises a entraîné leur transformation en musée, en quelque sorte, plus qu’en lieu de culte. A titre personnel, je prône un retour vers les vitraux qui parlent au public sans que ce soit des œuvres d’art. La tentation est grande d’être seulement fabricant, de collaborer avec des artistes et de laisser filer les postes créatifs.» </i>Réaliste, il prévient tout de même, comme un <i>nota bene</i> à l’attention de futurs consœurs et confrères : <i>«Si trop de gens venaient à intégrer le secteur, 90 % du temps, il faudrait accepter de ne pas faire de la pure création, mais de la restauration.»</i> Mieux vaut donc faire preuve d’humilité avant de se lancer."}],"subheadlines":{"basic":"Alors qu’une querelle de clochers a récemment fait trembler Notre-Dame de Paris, une nouvelle génération d’artistes et d’artisans, parfois en reconversion, s’empare de la pratique du vitrail contemporain pour l’extraire de sa dimension cultuelle et l’amener dans les intérieurs des particuliers."},"description":{"basic":"Alors qu’une querelle de clochers a récemment fait trembler Notre-Dame de Paris, une nouvelle génération d’artistes s’empare de la pratique du vitrail contemporain pour l’extraire de sa dimension cultuelle et l’amener dans les intérieurs."},"language":"","source":{"system":"composer","name":"liberation","source_type":"staff"},"taxonomy":{"primary_site":{"path":"/lifestyle/design","parent_id":"/lifestyle","name":"Design","description":"Consultez tous les articles de la rubrique Design de Libération.","_id":"/lifestyle/design","additional_properties":{"original":{"parent":{"footer2":"/lifestyle","default":"/lifestyle","footer":null,"burgermenu":"/lifestyle","amp-menu":"/lifestyle","headernav":null},"site":{"pagebuilder_path_for_native_apps":null,"site_url":null,"site_keywords":null,"site_about":null,"site_description":"Consultez tous les articles de la rubrique Design de Libération.","site_title":"Design - 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méthanol ou alcool méthylique est un composant chimique utilisé dans l’industrie automobile (antigel, liquide lave-glace), dans les vernis, les peintures ou encore les fluides pour photocopieuses. Dans certains pays, il est aussi détourné pour renforcer le degré d’alcool d’une boisson, en général artisanale, qui se transforme en poison si le dosage est mal géré : 25 millilitres suffisent à tuer un être humain. Un groupe de touristes en a fait l’expérience au Laos le 11 novembre : six sont morts, six autres hospitalisés."},{"subtype":"title_only","_id":"IGUWNYCZKVBCTLNJLWXKZEJ4CY","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"_id":"B5JJP2557ZDZFPJ55NUNY7ESIM"},"title":"Décryptage","type":"link_list","items":[{"description":{"_id":"KBNRBFRZWNH37MKKC3QK5XNEPQ","type":"text","content":""},"_id":"RUYTINOIEBBR7CAUDUZWZH2SXI","type":"interstitial_link","content":"Qu’est-ce que le méthanol, soupçonné d’avoir causé la mort de six touristes au Laos ?","url":"https://www.liberation.fr/societe/sante/quest-ce-que-le-methanol-soupconne-davoir-cause-la-mort-de-six-touristes-au-laos-20241122_4QXHLQF4ZFG3THRW3V55A4RSYQ/"}]},{"_id":"FVR6V4RHVNEPHEENV26KOVTECI","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732283163104},"type":"text","content":"Les visiteurs avaient posé leurs sacs à dos dans une auberge de Vang Vieng, une ville du nord-ouest du pays asiatique, prisée par les routards. Un cocktail leur a été offert au Nana Backpackers Hostel le 11 novembre dans la soirée, que la plupart voulaient prolonger en boîte de nuit. Pris de malaises le soir même ou le lendemain, douze touristes ont été hospitalisés sur place, puis dans la voisine Thaïlande. L’alcool frelaté a tué deux Australiennes de Melbourne âgées de 19 ans, une avocate britannique de 28 ans originaire du Kent, deux Danois et un Américain."},{"level":2,"_id":"YQQ6WFN435GENODFLAN44R2XOQ","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732283163105},"type":"header","content":"«Jungle parties» à base d’alcool et de drogues"},{"_id":"GIL62N7U5VFQJO3UCCH2K4G3PY","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732283163105},"type":"text","content":"L’affaire, couverte de façon intensive par les médias des pays d’origine des victimes, tombe mal pour Vang Vieng, siège d’une ancienne base militaire américaine. La ville est parvenue à se défaire de sa réputation de défouloir où les jeunes étrangers accouraient à des fêtes <i>(«jungle parties»)</i> saturées d’alcool, de drogues et de sexe. En 2012, le régime communiste, instauré en 1975, décidait de mettre un terme aux débordements en fermant la plupart des bars et hôtels."},{"_id":"EAMV3X7GKNDRLATEITNOENUICM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732289414443},"type":"text","content":"Depuis, Vang Vieng s’est reconvertie dans un tourisme vert privilégiant les randonnées et la spéléologie dans les nombreuses grottes de cette région montagneuse, aux paysages majestueux. Le Laos est d’ailleurs une destination à la mode : le guide anglais <i>Lonely Planet</i> vient de placer le pays dans <a href=\"https://www.lonelyplanet.fr/article/ou-partir-en-2025-notre-top-10-des-pays-visiter\" target=\"_blank\">sa liste des dix lieux à visiter en 2025</a>, aux côtés du Cameroun, des îles Fidji, de la Lituanie et du Paraguay."},{"_id":"ZIBZIW5PBZDNLBZYHVW5TKZBY4","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732283163106},"type":"text","content":"Le Nana Backpackers Hostels où étaient hébergés les visiteurs est l’une des nombreuses résidences bon marché qu’offre Vang Vieng. Avec sa petite piscine, son bar ouvert tard et son restaurant, il recueille sur les sites de réservations hôtelières des avis en majorité favorables. Sur l’un d’eux, Agoda, <a href=\"https://www.agoda.com/fr-fr/nana-backpacker-hostel/hotel/vang-vieng-la.html?cid=1844104&ds=y%2F1foE%2BJGhvCDdng\" target=\"_blank\">l’établissement précise dans sa présentation</a> : <i>«Terminez vos journées avec de la vodka et du whisky gratuits.»</i>"},{"_id":"6PG5BQCPLFG55HH2WKGUXCMOF4","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732283163107},"type":"text","content":"La police, qui a convoqué le gérant et le propriétaire du Nana afin de les interroger, doit définir si ces spiritueux offerts ont causé la mort des touristes. Aucune inculpation n’a encore été prononcée à ce stade."},{"_id":"XVB6CEHTA5G7XN7F6PLRLXA2DQ","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732289414447},"type":"text","content":"Médecins sans Frontières (MSF) a <a href=\"https://methanolpoisoning.msf.org/fr/outbreaks-worldwide/\" target=\"_blank\">cartographié les intoxications au méthanol</a> à travers le monde. Le pays où elles sont le plus répandues est l’Indonésie, mais c’est l’Iran qui détient le record de personnes affectées. Après consommation du produit, le taux de mortalité est évalué entre <i>«20 % à 40 %, en fonction de la concentration de méthanol toxique et de la quantité consommée»</i>, écrit MSF, qui précise que <i>«de nombreux décès ne sont jamais identifiés comme des intoxications au méthanol»</i>. Sur les dix pays les plus touchés par le fléau, huit sont en Asie."},{"_id":"V5GF54KOLBDXPAUVWCWUWX6WWI","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732289414448},"type":"text","content":"En Indonésie, l’alcool de contrebande est distillé à base de fleur de noix de coco, de riz et de canne à sucre, et connu sous le nom de<i> «miras oplosan»</i> («liqueur mélangée»). Il est proposé dans des boutiques de spiritueux ne détenant aucune licence. En Inde, le <i>«hooch»</i>, tiré de la canne à sucre ou du riz, est vendu dans des bouteilles en plastique pour 25 à 30 roupies : environ 0,30 euro. C’est vingt fois moins cher que le rhum ou le whisky élaborés légalement dans le pays. L’intoxication la plus grave s’est produite en février 2019 parmi les cueilleurs de thé d’une plantation de l’Etat d’Assam. Au moins 168 décès avaient été signalés."},{"level":2,"_id":"2XDIAX4MCBD2XGJ43J3BXCXUME","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732289414449},"type":"header","content":"Les ravages du «gin aveugle»"},{"_id":"WSEKTIE2Q5DKVCAK66ODUU4BPU","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732291450605},"type":"text","content":"Au Cambodge, les populations rurales brassent une bière de riz traditionnelle, mais en raison de la hausse des prix du bois de chauffage, les méthodes ancestrales sont remplacées par des moyens chimiques, notamment l’emploi de méthanol issu de la distillation du bois. Au Vietnam, plus grand consommateur d’alcool de l’Asie du Sud-Est, on estime que 85 % de l’alcool produit localement est d’origine artisanale, et les intoxications au méthanol sont fréquentes. Aux Philippines, le <i>«gin bulag»</i> (littéralement «gin aveugle») est réputé provoquer la cécité."},{"subtype":"title_only","_id":"DX7SO7TFJJGNJMJVRPRLD75SSA","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"_id":"CGXNXMDHHBAK3OZ3UTGTSTADDQ"},"title":"A lire aussi","type":"link_list","items":[{"description":{"_id":"J5RFZWA46NAPZFWYEDSANVDGYE","type":"text","content":""},"_id":"7R5ZZAINEBA3TELF6Q66ZCK6OA","type":"interstitial_link","content":"En Amérique du Sud, le poison des alcools frelatés","url":"https://www.liberation.fr/international/amerique/en-amerique-du-sud-le-poison-des-alcools-frelates-20221225_BZK7Y75GMNGRJORWSP7TFAZXY4/"}]},{"_id":"ULMFNLPHFRDMLBNEPNPWNULYAY","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732289414452},"type":"text","content":"Le reste du monde est lui aussi confronté à des vagues d’empoisonnements au méthanol. Au Pérou, 54 consommateurs sont morts en 2022 après avoir ingéré une vodka aromatisée aux fruits, pourtant vendue dans le commerce légal. Au Maroc, en juin, plus de 150 habitants d’un village proche de Kenitra (nord du pays) avaient été hospitalisés après avoir arrosé à l’eau-de-vie maison la victoire du Real Madrid en Ligue des Champions de football. Au moins quinze étaient mortes."},{"_id":"2CN7FKW4XFGE3EPWWPPSHTDXUA","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732289414453},"type":"text","content":"Les empoisonnements massifs peuvent être liés dans certains cas à l’interdiction de vente d’alcool, la seule façon de s’en procurer étant le marché noir. Au Maroc, la vente de boissons alcoolisées n’est pas autorisée à la population locale depuis une loi de 1967. Seuls les étrangers peuvent s’en procurer, en attendant <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/afrique/au-maroc-une-fete-de-la-biere-relance-le-debat-sur-la-depenalisation-de-lalcool-20220813_R45FBVIJGZGEVIYXOIISHN5JUE/\" target=\"_blank\">une dépénalisation régulièrement envisagée</a>. Dans l’Etat indien du Bihar, où la prohibition a été imposée en 2016, <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/asie-pacifique/en-inde-de-lalcool-frelate-tue-au-moins-37-personnes-20221217_VVPKHIDJPZDDRPSIGI3T5F2UJM/\" target=\"_blank\">les morts par intoxication au méthanol</a> se comptent par centaines chaque année. Cette «loi sèche» fait les affaires du Népal voisin, où les Biharis se rendent en masse pour s’enivrer en toute légalité."}],"subheadlines":{"basic":"Un cocktail frelaté a coûté la vie à au moins six touristes étrangers ce mois-ci à Vang Vieng. 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Impensable pour Cindy (1), plus connue sous le pseudonyme @oh_my_nails_44 (3 700 abonnés sur Instagram). Esthéticienne polyvalente en institut il y a encore six ans, elle en a eu marre du manque d’autonomie et de liberté. <i>«J’avais des horaires pas possibles et j’étais payée une misère, </i>se rappelle cette styliste ongulaire à 37 ans.<i> Je travaillais au rendement, on faisait le maximum de clientes qu’importe la qualité. Alors que ce que j’aime, c’est m’appliquer et faire du nail art !»</i>"},{"_id":"BUN4UFNEN5CUJOH36W3WOKAWIE","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1730367144816},"type":"text","content":"<a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/beaute/le-storytelling-ongulaire-on-en-parle-20210715_ABJ2MY2A7FHOLIZMDKLRDXNCXA/?redirected=1\" target=\"_blank\">Le <i>nail art</i> </a>est prodigué par une prothésiste ongulaire qui façonne entièrement l’ongle, et l’orne en fonction de la demande. Pêle-mêle, il peut prendre la forme de longues griffes aux bouts pointus, incrustées de bijoux, décorées de flammes, de fleurs en 3D… La seule limite ? Son imagination. On peut très bien réaliser un décor inspiré de l’univers <i>Pokémon </i>comme de la vaisselle de chez mamie ! En vogue depuis une bonne vingtaine d’années aux Etats-Unis, le terme de <i>nail artist</i> (ou de styliste ongulaire) est plus jugé valorisant que celui de prothésiste, encore trop associé au médical."},{"_id":"3Z27F2TTLJFH7GYMOSTFCNJKSM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1730367144817},"type":"text","content":"Après onze ans passés en salon de beauté, des allées et venues dans l’événementiel, Cindy profite donc de la pause provoquée par la pandémie pour lancer son auto-entreprise. Depuis son appartement de Levallois-Perret (Hauts-de-Seine), elle se constitue rapidement une clientèle tant la demande est forte.<i> «En un mois, mon agenda était complet.» </i>Devenue sa propre patronne, l’entrepreneuse hyperspécialisée a le libre choix sur tout. Du choix des prestations, des produits… à celui de sa clientèle, de ses horaires et tarifs. Avant de déduire les charges, les impôts et la TVA, ses revenus oscillent entre 5 000 et 7 000 euros par mois."},{"level":2,"_id":"OXJR547IDZBYPGAOZ4IJUQ6RMQ","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1730367144818},"type":"header","content":"Propulsé par Instagram"},{"_id":"QV7FYHZQ3ZFKZBXUX4ZJPEQZ4U","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1730367144819},"type":"text","content":"Les réseaux sociaux ne sont pas étrangers au succès de l’affaire de Cindy et bien d’autres. Dès 2018, les clichés de griffes affûtées aux motifs farfelus apparaissent sur nos écrans, jusqu’à exploser pendant le confinement. Comme l’analyse Régine Ferrère, présidente de la Confédération nationale artisanale de l’esthétique et de la parfumerie (CNEP), «<i>le visage masqué, on a mis l’accent sur le regard ainsi que sur nos ongles. De nos jours, l’ongle permet de se faire remarquer, de se différencier».</i>"},{"owner":{"sponsored":false,"id":"liberation"},"copyright":"Yohanne Lamoulère","address":{"locality":"MARSEILLE","country_name":"FRA","region":"Bouches-du-Rhône"},"auth":{"1":"1d984ad2fc087f7d53c9134936898bb0b9575d2a92b8f6fe3e99495f836f079e"},"caption":"Annabelle, alias @3615_zbobinails sur Instagram, s’est formée au stylisme ongulaire sur des ongles artificiels, à l’aide de vidéos YouTube.","source":{"system":"photo center","edit_url":"","additional_properties":{"editor":"photo center"}},"taxonomy":{"associated_tasks":[]},"type":"image","focal_point":{"x":2491,"y":5484},"version":"0.10.9","url":"https://cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/liberation/KW3H5FSSO5F35FPYXC3OSDF7UI.jpg","geo":{},"licensable":false,"credits":{"affiliation":[{"name":"Tendance Floue pour Libération","type":"author"}],"by":[{"name":"Yohanne Lamoulère","type":"author","byline":"Yohanne Lamoulère"}]},"subtitle":"PRODLIBE 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la fin de la pandémie, le succès du nail art n’a pas tari. Selon le rapport de branche de 2022 cité par le CNEP, sur les plus de 14 000 entreprises liées à l’ongle, 65 % sont des autoentreprises. Mis en lumière par Instagram, ce métier facilement accessible sans diplôme, qui requiert peu d’investissement, donne des idées à nombre de femmes en reconversion. L’une d’elles, Zbobi Nails (@3615_zbobinails, 37 700 abonnés) est marseillaise. Après avoir arrêté l’école avant le bac, Annabelle de son vrai prénom trouve un job alimentaire de secrétaire médicale qu’elle exerce pendant cinq ans, avant de partir un an en tour du monde. De retour chez elle, cette fille d’une secrétaire se rend compte que dans cette grande ville, on propose peu de nail art. <i>«A chaque fois que j’allais en salon, personne ne voulait me faire l’idée que j’avais en tête. J’étais frustrée. C’est pour ça que je me suis lancée.» </i>Confinée à la maison, elle se forme au stylisme ongulaire sur des capsules, ces ongles artificiels, à l’aide de vidéos YouTube."},{"level":2,"_id":"NZB3IWVQT5FAFIUBC6GYFGS2CE","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1730367144821},"type":"header","content":"Ongles de «cagole» et rhétorique féministe"},{"_id":"PCM3MDTFCBDHXPOD776KV4OHUU","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1730367144822},"type":"text","content":"Au sortir du premier confinement, elle lance son affaire. Lorsque son succès croît sur Instagram, cette fan d’ongles <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/mode/mode-le-style-des-badauds-de-marseille-20230712_IQ73DVLFBFHCZBJTE7FQS4BAKQ/\" target=\"_blank\">de<i> «cagole»</i> </a>ouvre son espace, Béguin, qu’elle partage avec d’autres ornementalistes, comme Doux Nails (@douxnailsbb, 27 600 abonnés), qu’elle a formée à l’art ongulaire.<i> «Au bout d’un moment, je n’arrivais plus à accepter de nouveaux rendez-vous. Alors elle a pu prendre cette clientèle», </i>relate Annabelle, qui gagne environ 4000 euros net par mois. Pour elle, si ce métier est davantage reconnu aujourd’hui, c’est parce qu’il a acquis une connotation artistique. Mais cela n’explique pas entièrement la revalorisation de cette profession longtemps méprisée. Esthéticienne depuis vingt ans, Cindy estime que l’émergence de l’entrepreneuriat dans la beauté féminine y est aussi pour quelque chose. <i>«On voit des femmes fortes, accomplies, qui ne dépendent pas de leur homme.»</i>"},{"_id":"DKM7IGED2ZCEBF2MJB7ZBF6ETQ","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1730367144823},"type":"text","content":"Cette rhétorique féministe attire en nombre les jeunes femmes biberonnées aux discours d’empouvoirement, désireuses d’être leur propre patronne. En plus de leurs compétences techniques, les travailleuses de la beauté sont de plus en plus reconnues pour leur écoute et leur disponibilité émotionnelle. Pour cause, les clientes viennent aussi chercher un espace intime où elles peuvent se confier. <i>«Certaines sont devenues de vraies amies. J’en ai qui ont pleuré dans mes bras. Mais je suis tenue au secret professionnel», </i>rit Cindy. Régine Ferrere préfère nuancer et parler d’<i>«un rôle de proximité, de confidente, qui s’est extrêmement intensifié avec le Covid».</i>"},{"_id":"IKQGLNBZ4ZGHZCOOZQALGBQJUE","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1730367144826},"type":"text","content":"Egalement fondatrice de l’International Beauty & Cosmetic Business School (IBCBS), située au sein de la Cosmetic Valley de Chartres, la présidente du CNEP Régine Ferrère observe un réel engouement des étudiantes pour les ongles. Il y a encore dix ans, la mode était au spa. Pourtant, elle souligne que sur une classe de 20 filles, seules deux en ont la capacité. <i>«Il faut avoir des dispositions, être adroite, minutieuse, artiste. On ne s’invente pas styliste ongulaire»,</i> prévient Régine Ferrère. Contrairement à ce que montrent les réseaux, beaucoup d’auto-entrepreneuses n’arrivent pas à en vivre, faute de posséder les compétences de gestion nécessaires.<i> «C’est le miroir aux alouettes !»</i>"},{"_id":"OH6OS55PLBB77JNNMWX44ZL4PU","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1730367144827},"type":"text","content":"(1) Le prénom a été modifié."}],"subheadlines":{"basic":"Depuis la pandémie, les métiers de l’esthétique commencent à être mieux considérés, en raison du lien social et du bien-être qui en découlent. Sur Instagram, l’essor du métier de styliste ongulaire et son image d’empouvoirement n’y est pas pour rien."},"description":{"basic":"Depuis la pandémie, les métiers de l’esthétique commencent à être mieux considérés, en raison du lien social et du bien-être qui en découlent. 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