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class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Piano_parts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Piano_parts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Piano parts</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Piano_parts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Piano parts subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Piano_parts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pedals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pedals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Pedals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pedals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pedal_marks_in_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pedal_marks_in_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Pedal marks in music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pedal_marks_in_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Famous_piano_composers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Famous_piano_composers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Famous piano composers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Famous_piano_composers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Famous_piano_players" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Famous_piano_players"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Famous piano players</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Famous_piano_players-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Playing_the_piano" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Playing_the_piano"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Playing the piano</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Playing_the_piano-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_pages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_pages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Related pages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_pages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Piano</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 144 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-144" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">144 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klavier" title="Klavier – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Klavier" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klavier" title="Klavier – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Klavier" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%92%E1%8B%AB%E1%8A%96" title="ፒያኖ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፒያኖ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clafer" title="Clafer – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Clafer" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88" title="بيانو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بيانو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano" title="Piano – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Piano" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80" title="Դաշնամուր – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Դաշնամուր" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phianu" title="Phianu – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Phianu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pianu" title="Pianu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Pianu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ku%C3%A3ytas%C3%A3" title="Kuãytasã – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kuãytasã" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pianino" title="Pianino – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Pianino" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88" title="پیانو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پیانو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B" title="পিয়ানো – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পিয়ানো" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C7%B9g-kh%C3%AEm" title="Kǹg-khîm – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kǹg-khîm" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Фортепиано – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Фортепиано" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Фартэпіяна – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фартэпіяна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Фартэпіяна – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Фартэпіяна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Пиано – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пиано" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%A3%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%A6%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BC%8D" title="རྣོ་སྦྲེང་། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རྣོ་སྦྲེང་།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klavir" title="Klavir – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Klavir" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano" title="Piano – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Piano" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano" title="Piano – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Piano" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyano" title="Pyano – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pyano" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klav%C3%ADr" title="Klavír – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Klavír" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano" title="Piano – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Piano" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaver" title="Klaver – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Klaver" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88" title="پيانو – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="پيانو" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klavier" title="Klavier – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Klavier" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaver" title="Klaver – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Klaver" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BF" title="Πιάνο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πιάνο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano" title="Piano – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Piano" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano" title="Piano – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Piano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano" title="Piano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Piano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano" title="Piano – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Piano" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88" title="پیانو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پیانو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano" title="Piano – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Piano" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano" title="Piano – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Piano" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano" title="Piano – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Piano" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pian%C3%B3" title="Pianó – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Pianó" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pianney" title="Pianney – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Pianney" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano" title="Piano – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Piano" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8B" title="પિયાનો – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પિયાનો" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B4ng-kh%C3%ACm" title="Kông-khìm – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kông-khìm" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%BC%EC%95%84%EB%85%B8" title="피아노 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="피아노" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80" title="Դաշնամուր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դաշնամուր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B" title="पियानो – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पियानो" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasovir" title="Glasovir – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Glasovir" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano" title="Piano – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Piano" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano" title="Piano – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Piano" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano" title="Piano – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Piano" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano" title="Piano – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Piano" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiQumuqumu" title="IsiQumuqumu – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IsiQumuqumu" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ADan%C3%B3" title="Píanó – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Píanó" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pianoforte" title="Pianoforte – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pianoforte" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%A8" title="פסנתר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פסנתר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano" title="Piano – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Piano" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piyaanoo" title="Piyaanoo – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Piyaanoo" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8B" title="ಪಿಯಾನೋ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪಿಯಾನೋ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D" title="ფორტეპიანო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფორტეპიანო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Фортепиано – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Фортепиано" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano" title="Piano – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Piano" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano" title="Piano – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Piano" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D3%A7" title="Зонгорӧ – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Зонгорӧ" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piyano" title="Piyano – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Piyano" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Фортепиано – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Фортепиано" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clavile" title="Clavile – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Clavile" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klavieres" title="Klavieres – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Klavieres" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano" title="Piano – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Piano" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortepijonas" title="Fortepijonas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Fortepijonas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano" title="Piano – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Piano" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likemb%C3%A9_lya_mp%C3%B3t%C3%B3" title="Likembé lya mpótó – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Likembé lya mpótó" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano" title="Piano – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Piano" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/pipno" title="pipno – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="pipno" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano" title="Piano – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Piano" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zongora" title="Zongora – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Zongora" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Пијано – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Пијано" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pian%C3%B4" title="Pianô – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Pianô" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8B" title="പിയാനോ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പിയാനോ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B" title="पियानो – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पियानो" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88" title="بيانو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بيانو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88" title="پیانو – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="پیانو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano" title="Piano – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Piano" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A1ung-k%C3%ACng" title="Gáung-kìng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gáung-kìng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%B3%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%B4%D3%A9%D1%80_%D1%85%D1%83%D1%83%D1%80" title="Төгөлдөр хуур – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Төгөлдөр хуур" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%94%E1%80%B9%E1%80%92%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="စန္ဒရား – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စန္ဒရား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano" title="Piano – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Piano" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano_(instrument)" title="Piano (instrument) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Piano (instrument)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano" title="Piano – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Piano" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B" title="पियानो – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="पियानो" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%94%E3%82%A2%E3%83%8E" title="ピアノ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ピアノ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano" title="Piano – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Piano" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano" title="Piano – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Piano" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano" title="Piano – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Piano" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortepiano" title="Fortepiano – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fortepiano" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%8B" title="ਪਿਆਨੋ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਿਆਨੋ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88" title="پیانو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پیانو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano" title="Piano – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Piano" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano" title="Piano – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Piano" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano" title="Piano – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Piano" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaveer" title="Klaveer – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Klaveer" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortepian" title="Fortepian – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fortepian" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano" title="Piano – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Piano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortepiano" title="Fortepiano – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Fortepiano" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pian" title="Pian – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pian" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clavazin" title="Clavazin – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Clavazin" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yatana_qallwa" title="Yatana qallwa – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Yatana qallwa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%80" title="Клавір – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Клавір" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Фортепиано – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фортепиано" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano" title="Piano – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Piano" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klavier" title="Klavier – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Klavier" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pianoja" title="Pianoja – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Pianoja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chianuforti" title="Chianuforti – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Chianuforti" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88" title="پيانو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="پيانو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klav%C3%ADr" title="Klavír – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Klavír" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klavir" title="Klavir – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Klavir" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyaano" title="Biyaano – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Biyaano" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%86" title="پیانۆ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پیانۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Клавир – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Клавир" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klavir" title="Klavir – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Klavir" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano" title="Piano – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Piano" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano" title="Piano – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Piano" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano" title="Piano – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Piano" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piyano" title="Piyano – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Piyano" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF" title="கின்னரப்பெட்டி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கின்னரப்பெட்டி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8B" title="పియానో – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పియానో" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%99" title="เปียโน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เปียโน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Фортепиано – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Фортепиано" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A4%E1%8F%94%E1%8F%85_%E1%8F%97%E1%8E%A7%E1%8F%83%E1%8E%A9%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%97" title="ᎤᏔᏅ ᏗᎧᏃᎩᏍᏗ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎤᏔᏅ ᏗᎧᏃᎩᏍᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piyano" title="Piyano – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Piyano" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Фортепіано – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фортепіано" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88" title="پیانو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پیانو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%89%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89%D9%86%D9%88" title="پىئانىنو – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="پىئانىنو" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pianoforte" title="Pianoforte – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Pianoforte" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_c%E1%BA%A7m" title="Dương cầm – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Dương cầm" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klavv%C3%B5r" title="Klavvõr – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Klavvõr" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano" title="Piano – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Piano" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano" title="Piano – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Piano" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%92%A2%E7%90%B4" title="钢琴 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="钢琴" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A2" title="פיאנע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פיאנע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8B%BC%E7%90%B4" title="鋼琴 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鋼琴" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piyano" title="Piyano – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Piyano" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pian%C4%97ns" title="Pianėns – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Pianėns" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%92%A2%E7%90%B4" title="钢琴 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="钢琴" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano" title="Piano – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Piano" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5994#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Change links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10098372">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Piano</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_piano_and_upright_piano.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Grand_piano_and_upright_piano.jpg/250px-Grand_piano_and_upright_piano.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Grand_piano_and_upright_piano.jpg/375px-Grand_piano_and_upright_piano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Grand_piano_and_upright_piano.jpg/500px-Grand_piano_and_upright_piano.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1112" data-file-height="750" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A grand piano (left) and an upright piano (right)</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #f0e68c"><a href="/wiki/Keyboard_instrument" title="Keyboard instrument">Keyboard instrument</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hornbostel%E2%80%93Sachs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hornbostel–Sachs (not yet started)">Hornbostel–Sachs classification</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left">314.122-4-8<br />(Simple <a href="/wiki/Chordophone" title="Chordophone">chordophone</a> with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Musical_keyboard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Musical keyboard (not yet started)">keyboard</a> sounded by hammers)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Inventor(s)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Bartolomeo_Cristofori" title="Bartolomeo Cristofori">Bartolomeo Cristofori</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Developed</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left">Early 18th century</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #f0e68c"><a href="/wiki/Range_(music)" title="Range (music)">Playing range</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span></span> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:PianoRange.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/PianoRange.tif/lossy-page1-220px-PianoRange.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/PianoRange.tif/lossy-page1-330px-PianoRange.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/PianoRange.tif/lossy-page1-440px-PianoRange.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1012" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #f0e68c">Musicians</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pianist" title="Pianist">Pianists</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lists_of_pianists&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lists of pianists (not yet started)">Lists of pianists</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>piano</b> is an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Acoustic_instrument&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acoustic instrument (not yet started)">acoustic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keyboard_instrument" title="Keyboard instrument">keyboard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stringed_musical_instrument" class="mw-redirect" title="Stringed musical instrument">stringed musical instrument</a> in which the strings are struck by wooden hammers that are coated with a softer material (modern hammers are covered with dense wool felt; some early pianos used leather). It is played using a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Musical_keyboard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Musical keyboard (not yet started)">keyboard</a>, which is a row of keys (small levers) that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings. It was invented in Italy by <a href="/wiki/Bartolomeo_Cristofori" title="Bartolomeo Cristofori">Bartolomeo Cristofori</a> around the year 1700 (the exact year is uncertain). </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boesendorfer_002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Boesendorfer_002.jpg/300px-Boesendorfer_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Boesendorfer_002.jpg/450px-Boesendorfer_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Boesendorfer_002.jpg/600px-Boesendorfer_002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>A Boesendorfer grand piano</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:De_Pianoles_door_Henri%C3%ABtte_Ronner-Knip.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/De_Pianoles_door_Henri%C3%ABtte_Ronner-Knip.jpg/220px-De_Pianoles_door_Henri%C3%ABtte_Ronner-Knip.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/De_Pianoles_door_Henri%C3%ABtte_Ronner-Knip.jpg/330px-De_Pianoles_door_Henri%C3%ABtte_Ronner-Knip.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/De_Pianoles_door_Henri%C3%ABtte_Ronner-Knip.jpg/440px-De_Pianoles_door_Henri%C3%ABtte_Ronner-Knip.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="940" /></a><figcaption>Henriëtte Ronner-Knip (1897)</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piano&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: History" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piano&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: History"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The piano has been an extremely popular instrument in Western <a href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">classical music</a> since the late 18th century. The piano was invented by <a href="/wiki/Bartolomeo_Cristofori" title="Bartolomeo Cristofori">Bartolomeo Cristofori</a> of <a href="/wiki/Padua" title="Padua">Padua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>. He made his first piano in 1709. It developed from the <a href="/wiki/Clavichord" title="Clavichord">clavichord</a> which looks like a piano but the strings of a clavichord are hit by a small blade of <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metal</a> called a “tangent”.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the piano the strings are hit by a block of wood called a hammer. The early keyboarded instruments, such as the clavichords, <a href="/wiki/Harpsichord" title="Harpsichord">harpsichords</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pipe_organ" title="Pipe organ">organs</a> that were used at that time, had a much shorter keyboard than they do today. Gradually the keyboard became longer until it had the 88 notes (7 <a href="/wiki/Octave" title="Octave">octaves</a> plus three notes) of the modern piano. </p><p>At first the instrument was called the “fortepiano”. This means “loud-soft” in <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>. It was given this name because it could be played either loudly or softly, depending on how hard the note was hit (the <a href="/wiki/Harpsichord" title="Harpsichord">harpsichord</a> could not do this, and the <a href="/wiki/Clavichord" title="Clavichord">clavichord</a> could only make a tiny difference between louder and softer). Later this name changed to “pianoforte”. This is normally shortened to “piano”. The word “fortepiano” is sometimes used to describe the pianos of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. In some languages, such as <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>, “fortepiano” is the normal word for a piano. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Varies_032_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Varies_032_cropped.jpg/250px-Varies_032_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Varies_032_cropped.jpg/330px-Varies_032_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Varies_032_cropped.jpg/500px-Varies_032_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1486" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Yamaha" class="mw-redirect" title="Yamaha">Yamaha</a> upright piano</figcaption></figure> <p>Although the piano was invented at the beginning of the 18th century, it was not until 50 years later that it started to become popular. The first time the piano was played in a public concert in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> was in 1768 when it was played by <a href="/wiki/Johann_Christian_Bach" title="Johann Christian Bach">Johann Christian Bach</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The upright piano was invented in 1800 by John Isaac Hawkings. Seven years later T. Southwell invented “over-stringing”. This means that the strings for the low notes go diagonally across the soundboard so that they can be longer and make a much bigger sound. </p><p>The early pianos had strings that were fastened to a frame made of wood. They were not very heavy, but they were not very strong or loud, so they could not be heard very well in a big <a href="/wiki/Concert_hall" title="Concert hall">concert hall</a>. In 1825 the cast-iron frame was invented in <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">America</a>. This made the piano much stronger so that it could make a bigger sound and the strings were not likely to break. </p><p>One of the most known fortepiano builders was <a href="/wiki/Johann_Andreas_Stein" title="Johann Andreas Stein">Johann Andreas Stein</a> from <a href="/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg">Augsburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>. Stein developed the "Viennese" action, popular on Viennese pianos up to the mid-19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another important Viennese piano maker was <a href="/wiki/Anton_Walter" title="Anton Walter">Anton Walter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Mozart’s</a> own Walter fortepiano is presently at the Mozart Museum in Salzburg, Austria. <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Haydn" title="Joseph Haydn">Haydn</a> also owned Walter piano,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Beethoven</a> expressed a wish to buy one.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most famous early-romantic piano maker was <a href="/wiki/Conrad_Graf" title="Conrad Graf">Conrad Graf</a> (1782–1851), who made Beethoven's last piano.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His instruments were played by <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Chopin" title="Frédéric Chopin">Chopin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Felix_Mendelssohn" title="Felix Mendelssohn">Mendelssohn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Schumann" title="Robert Schumann">Schumann</a>. <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Brahms" title="Johannes Brahms">Johannes Brahms</a> had preferred pianos by <a href="/wiki/Johann_Baptist_Streicher" title="Johann Baptist Streicher">Johann Baptist Streicher</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The English piano school builders included Johannes Zumpe, Robert Stodart and John Broodwood. Prominent piano makers among the French during the era of the fortepiano included Erard, <a href="/wiki/Pleyel" class="mw-redirect" title="Pleyel">Pleyel</a> (Chopin’s favorite maker)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Louis-Constantin_Boisselot" title="Louis-Constantin Boisselot">Boisselot</a> (Liszt’s favorite).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The production of this older type of instrument had stopped in the end of the 19th century. In the second half of the 20th century people started to be more interested in period instruments, including harpsichord and fortepiano. Some of the more known fortepiano builders included in this 20th-century fortepiano revival have been <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Belt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philip Belt (not yet started)">Philip Belt</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_F._Hood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Margaret F. Hood (not yet started)">Margaret F. Hood</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Clark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christopher Clark (not yet started)">Christopher Clark</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_McNulty" title="Paul McNulty">Paul McNulty</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Piano_parts">Piano parts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piano&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Piano parts" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piano&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Piano parts"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Upright_piano_inside.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Upright_piano_inside.jpg/250px-Upright_piano_inside.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Upright_piano_inside.jpg/500px-Upright_piano_inside.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption>Inside an upright piano</figcaption></figure> <p>A piano has a <a href="/wiki/Keyboard_instrument" title="Keyboard instrument">keyboard</a> with white keys and black keys. When a key is pressed down, the damper comes off the string and a hammer hits the string. It hits it very quickly and bounces off so that the string is free to <a href="/wiki/Vibrate" class="mw-redirect" title="Vibrate">vibrate</a> and make a sound. Each key is a <a href="/wiki/Level" class="mw-disambig" title="Level">level</a> that makes a <a href="/wiki/Hammer" title="Hammer">hammer</a> inside the piano hit a <a href="/wiki/String" class="mw-disambig" title="String">string</a> inside, producing a sound. Each string has a different <a href="/wiki/Length" title="Length">length</a> and so produces-a different <a href="/wiki/Musical_note" title="Musical note">note</a>. When the player takes their finger off the key the damper falls back onto the string and the sound stops. The strings are stretched very tightly across the frame, passing over a <a href="/wiki/Bridge_(instrument)" title="Bridge (instrument)">bridge</a> on the way. The bridge touches the soundboard. This means that the vibrations are sent to the soundboard. The soundboard is a very important part of the piano. If it is damaged the piano will not make a sound. </p><p>The mechanism which makes the hammer bounce off the string very quickly is called the “escapement”. In 1821 Sebastian Erard invented a kind of double escapement. This made it possible to repeat the note very quickly. The hammer only touches the string for about one thousandth of a second. The hammers are covered with felt which is a mixture of <a href="/wiki/Wool" title="Wool">wool</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">silk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hair" title="Hair">hair</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pedals">Pedals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piano&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Pedals" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piano&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Pedals"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the bottom of every modern piano, there are at least two <a href="/wiki/Pedal_(music)" title="Pedal (music)">pedals</a>, which are <a href="/wiki/Lever" title="Lever">levers</a> that the pianist presses down with his or her <a href="/wiki/Foot" title="Foot">feet</a> to change the sound. Many pianos have three pedals, but a few have even more. Each pedal changes the sound in a different way. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Steinway_grand_piano_-_pedals.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Steinway_grand_piano_-_pedals.jpg/220px-Steinway_grand_piano_-_pedals.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Steinway_grand_piano_-_pedals.jpg/330px-Steinway_grand_piano_-_pedals.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Steinway_grand_piano_-_pedals.jpg/440px-Steinway_grand_piano_-_pedals.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2310" data-file-height="1828" /></a><figcaption>The three pedals of a piano. From left to right, they are the soft, <i>sostenuto</i>, and sustain (damper) pedals.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The <b>damper pedal</b> (also called the <b>sustain pedal</b>) is the pedal on the right, and the one that is used most often. For this reason, it is often called just "the pedal". It is pressed with the pianist's right foot, and makes the <a href="/wiki/Mute_(instrument)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mute (instrument)">dampers</a> (which look a bit like the hammers) that usually rests on the strings come off, so the strings are free to <a href="/wiki/Vibrate" class="mw-redirect" title="Vibrate">vibrate</a>. As long as the pianist holds this pedal down, the notes he plays will keep on sounding even when he takes his fingers off the keys. Some other strings will also vibrate very lightly (this is called “sympathetic vibration”), which makes the sound smoother and richer. Pianists have to learn how to use this pedal well. This will depend on such things as the style of the music, the size of the piano, the size and the <a href="/wiki/Acoustics" title="Acoustics">acoustics</a> of the room in which the instrument is in.</li> <li>The <b>soft pedal</b> (also called the <b>una corda pedal</b>) is the pedal on the left, and is pressed with the pianist's left foot. As its name suggests, this pedal makes the notes sound quieter. On a grand piano, the whole keyboard and action shift a bit to the left so that the hammers only hit two strings instead of three. The soft pedal is usually used only in classical music and is normally kept down for the whole of a piece or a section of a piece.</li> <li>On pianos with three pedals, the pedal in the middle does different things on a grand and upright piano. On a grand piano, it is the <b>sostenuto pedal</b>, and is pressed with the pianist's left foot. Like the right pedal, it keeps the sound going, but only on the notes that are being played at the moment when the middle pedal is pressed down. This makes it possible to keep one chord going while playing other notes that will not carry on. All concert grand pianos have a sostenuto pedal, and some modern upright pianos do as well. The middle pedal on some upright pianos is not a sostenuto pedal at all, but a <b>practice pedal</b>. It places a piece of <a href="/wiki/Cloth" class="mw-redirect" title="Cloth">cloth</a> in front of the strings, making the sound very quiet so that a pianist can practice without disturbing other people. The practice pedal can usually be pressed down and put in a <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/slot" class="extiw" title="wikt:slot">slot</a> so that it will stay in place.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pedal_marks_in_music">Pedal marks in music</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piano&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: Pedal marks in music" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piano&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Pedal marks in music"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Engage_Pedal_Mark_SVG.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Engage_Pedal_Mark_SVG.svg/72px-Engage_Pedal_Mark_SVG.svg.png" decoding="async" width="72" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Engage_Pedal_Mark_SVG.svg/108px-Engage_Pedal_Mark_SVG.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Engage_Pedal_Mark_SVG.svg/144px-Engage_Pedal_Mark_SVG.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="475" /></a></span> The damper pedal is the most important pedal, and so many composers often write down in a piece of music when the pianist should press and when he or she should let go of the damper pedal. In most classical music, there is a sign that says <i>Ped.</i> where the pedal should be pressed, and one that looks like an <a href="/wiki/Asterisk" title="Asterisk">asterisk</a> where the pedal should be let go. Pedal marks can also appear as a straight line under the <a href="/wiki/Staff_(music)" title="Staff (music)">staff</a>. Often, the pianist will let go of the pedal and press it again right away; this is called <i>changing pedal</i>. Sometimes, the music will simply say <i>con pedale</i>, which in Italian means <i>with pedal</i>. It means that the damper pedal should be used, but the pianist should know when to change the pedal. </p><p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pedal_Mark_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Pedal_Mark_2.svg/22px-Pedal_Mark_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Pedal_Mark_2.svg/33px-Pedal_Mark_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Pedal_Mark_2.svg/44px-Pedal_Mark_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="22" data-file-height="22" /></a></span> Another sign, which tells a pianist to press the soft pedal is <i>una corda,</i> (Italian for <i>one string</i>). It is held down until another sign, <i>tre corde</i> (meaning <i>three strings</i>), appears, telling the pianist to let go of the soft pedal. In early pianos, it was possible to press the pedal a little way so that the hammers hit two strings, then press it further so that they hit only one string. </p><p>There is no sign for the sostenuto pedal, so it is up to the pianist on whether to use it in a specific piece of music. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Famous_piano_composers">Famous piano composers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piano&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: Famous piano composers" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piano&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Famous piano composers"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Once the piano became popular in the late 18th century many composers wrote music for the piano. <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</a> started to learn on <a href="/wiki/Harpsichord" title="Harpsichord">harpsichords</a> when he was very small, but the piano was becoming popular when he was a young man and he wrote many <a href="/wiki/Sonata" title="Sonata">sonatas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Concerto" title="Concerto">concertos</a> for the piano. <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Haydn" title="Joseph Haydn">Franz Joseph Haydn</a> also wrote a lot of piano music. <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Ludwig van Beethoven</a> was a very famous pianist before he became very famous as a composer. His piano compositions include 5 concertos and 32 sonatas. In the Romantic period many composers wrote for the piano. They include <a href="/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert">Franz Schubert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Schumann" title="Robert Schumann">Robert Schumann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Brahms" title="Johannes Brahms">Johannes Brahms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franz_Liszt" title="Franz Liszt">Franz Liszt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frederic_Chopin" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederic Chopin">Frederic Chopin</a>. Later composers include <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Rachmaninoff" title="Sergei Rachmaninoff">Sergei Rachmaninoff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claude_Debussy" title="Claude Debussy">Claude Debussy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Ravel" title="Maurice Ravel">Maurice Ravel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Prokofiev" title="Sergei Prokofiev">Sergei Prokofiev</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Shostakovich" title="Dmitri Shostakovich">Dmitri Shostakovich</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bela_Bartok" class="mw-redirect" title="Bela Bartok">Bela Bartok</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Famous_piano_players">Famous piano players</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piano&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Change section: Famous piano players" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piano&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Famous piano players"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some famous piano players from the early days of the piano include <a href="/wiki/Jan_Ladislav_Dussek" title="Jan Ladislav Dussek">Dussek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mozart" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozart">Mozart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muzio_Clementi" title="Muzio Clementi">Muzio Clementi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Field&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Field (not yet started)">John Field</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chopin" class="mw-redirect" title="Chopin">Chopin</a>. In the 19th century <a href="/wiki/Franz_Liszt" title="Franz Liszt">Franz Liszt</a> was a very great influence on the piano by composing and performing very difficult music. Other great pianists include <a href="/wiki/Clara_Schumann" title="Clara Schumann">Clara Schumann</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anton_Rubinstein" title="Anton Rubinstein">Anton Rubinstein</a>. 20th century pianists include <a href="/wiki/Artur_Schnabel" title="Artur Schnabel">Artur Schnabel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Horowitz" title="Vladimir Horowitz">Vladimir Horowitz</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Josef_Hofmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josef Hofmann (not yet started)">Josef Hofmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Kempff" title="Wilhelm Kempff">Wilhelm Kempff</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinu_Lipati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinu Lipati (not yet started)">Dinu Lipati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claudio_Arrau" title="Claudio Arrau">Claudio Arrau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Artur_Rubinstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Artur Rubinstein">Artur Rubinstein</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sviatoslav_Richter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sviatoslav Richter (not yet started)">Sviatoslav Richter</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Brendel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred Brendel (not yet started)">Alfred Brendel</a>. Among the greatest pianists today are <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Ashkenazy" title="Vladimir Ashkenazy">Vladimir Ashkenazy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Barenboim" title="Daniel Barenboim">Daniel Barenboim</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leif_Ove_Andsnes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leif Ove Andsnes (not yet started)">Leif Ove Andsnes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boris_Berezovsky_(pianist)" title="Boris Berezovsky (pianist)">Boris Berezovsky</a> and <a href="/wiki/Evgeny_Kissin" title="Evgeny Kissin">Evgeny Kissin</a>. </p><p>Pianists who play popular music include <a href="/wiki/Liberace" title="Liberace">Liberace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Lee_Lewis" title="Jerry Lee Lewis">Jerry Lee Lewis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Little_Richard" title="Little Richard">Little Richard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elton_John" title="Elton John">Elton John</a>, <a href="/wiki/Billy_Joel" title="Billy Joel">Billy Joel</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thelonious_Monk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thelonious Monk (not yet started)">Thelonious Monk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tori_Amos" title="Tori Amos">Tori Amos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles">Ray Charles</a>. Perhaps the greatest <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> pianist was <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fats_Waller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fats Waller (not yet started)">Fats Waller</a>. </p><p>Also a number of modern harpsichordists and pianists have achieved success in fortepiano performance, including <a href="/wiki/Paul_Badura-Skoda" title="Paul Badura-Skoda">Paul Badura-Skoda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Bilson" title="Malcolm Bilson">Malcolm Bilson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A1s_Schiff" title="András Schiff">Andras Schiff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kristian_Bezuidenhout" title="Kristian Bezuidenhout">Kristian Bezuidenhout</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Brautigam" title="Ronald Brautigam">Ronald Brautigam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Lubimov" title="Alexei Lubimov">Alexei Lubimov</a>, duet Katie and Marielle Labeque, Yuan Sheng, Gary Cooper, Jörg Demus, Richard Egarr, Richard Fuller, Robert Hill, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geoffrey_Lancaster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geoffrey Lancaster (not yet started)">Geoffrey Lancaster</a>, Vladimir Feltsman, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Levin" title="Robert Levin">Robert Levin</a>, Steven Lubin, Bart van Oort, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trevor_Pinnock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trevor Pinnock (not yet started)">Trevor Pinnock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viviana_Sofronitsky" title="Viviana Sofronitsky">Viviana Sofronitsky</a>, Andreas Staier, Melvyn Tan, Jos van Immerseel and Olga Pashchenko. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Playing_the_piano">Playing the piano</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piano&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Change section: Playing the piano" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piano&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Playing the piano"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The piano has been a very popular instrument ever since the mid 18th century when it soon replaced the clavichord and the harpsichord. By the early 19th century the sound that the piano made was big enough to fill large concert halls. Smaller pianos were made for use in people’s homes. At first these included square pianos and giraffe pianos, later on the upright pianos became popular for home use. Pianos are not often used in orchestras (if they are, they are part of the <a href="/wiki/Percussion" class="mw-redirect" title="Percussion">percussion</a> section). They may, however, be used for piano concertos (pieces for solo pianist accompanied by orchestra). There is a vast amount of music written for piano solo. The piano can also be used together with other instruments, in jazz groups, and for accompanying singing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_pages">Related pages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piano&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Change section: Related pages" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piano&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Related pages"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keyboard_instrument" title="Keyboard instrument">Keyboard instrument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedal" title="Pedal">Pedal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_duet" title="Piano duet">Piano duet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_six_hands" title="Piano six hands">Piano six hands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_trio" title="Piano trio">Piano trio</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piano&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piano&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The New Dictionary of Music and Musicians ed Stanley Sadie; 1980. vol 4, p.458</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The New Dictionary of Music and Musicians ed Stanley Sadie; 1980. vol 14, p.691</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHuber2002" class="citation journal cs1">Huber, Alfons (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4149041">"Was the 'Viennese Action' Originally a Stossmechanik?"</a>. <i>The Galpin Society Journal</i>. <b>55</b>: <span class="nowrap">169–</span>182. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F4149041">10.2307/4149041</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0072-0127">0072-0127</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4149041">4149041</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Galpin+Society+Journal&rft.atitle=Was+the+%27Viennese+Action%27+Originally+a+Stossmechanik%3F&rft.volume=55&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E169-%3C%2Fspan%3E182&rft.date=2002&rft.issn=0072-0127&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4149041%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F4149041&rft.aulast=Huber&rft.aufirst=Alfons&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4149041&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3APiano" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332" /><cite id="CITEREFLatcham2001" class="citation web cs1">Latcham, Michael (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000029863">"Walter, (Gabriel) Anton"</a>. <i>Grove Music Online</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.29863">10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.29863</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56159-263-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56159-263-0"><bdi>978-1-56159-263-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-07-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Grove+Music+Online&rft.atitle=Walter%2C+%28Gabriel%29+Anton&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.29863&rft.isbn=978-1-56159-263-0&rft.aulast=Latcham&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordmusiconline.com%2Fgrovemusic%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.001.0001%2Fomo-9781561592630-e-0000029863&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3APiano" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://haydnhaus.at/en/exhibitions/permanent-exhibition/">"Permanent Exhibition: Haydnhaus Eisenstadt"</a>. <i>haydnhaus.at</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-07-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=haydnhaus.at&rft.atitle=Permanent+Exhibition%3A+Haydnhaus+Eisenstadt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhaydnhaus.at%2Fen%2Fexhibitions%2Fpermanent-exhibition%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3APiano" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ludwig van Beethoven, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.beethoven.de/en/media/view/6076153240485888/Ludwig+van+Beethoven%2C+Brief+an+Nikolaus+Zmeskall%2C+Wien%2C+November+1802%2C+Autograph?fromArchive=5649946187399168">Brief an Nikolaus Zmeskall</a>, Wien, November 1802, Autograph</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Conrad Graf, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.beethoven.de/en/media/view/5758857464774656/Conrad+Graf%2C+Echtheitsbest%C3%A4tigung+f%C3%BCr+den+Fl%C3%BCgel+Ludwig+van+Beethovens%2C+Wien%2C+26.+Juni+1849%2C+Autograph?fromHansexpSearch=1&person=Graf%252C%2BConrad&parent=6261811254919168">Echtheitsbestätigung für den Flügel Ludwig van Beethovens</a>, Wien, 26. Juni 1849, Autograph</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">August, 1887. Litzmann, Berthold, 1906. Clara Schumann, ein Künstlerleben. Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, vol 3, pp.493–94. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chopinsletters00chop/page/158/mode/2up?q=non+plus+ultra">Chopin's letters</a>. By Chopin, Frédéric, 1810-1849; Voynich, E. L. (Ethel Lillian), 1864-1960; Opienski, Henryk, 1870-1942</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Alan Walker, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yNhQhSgRlWIC&q=boisselot&pg=PA75">Franz Liszt: The Weimar years, 1848-1861</a>. 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