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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Storable propellants and hypergols</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Storable_propellants_and_hypergols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-High_pressure_engines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#High_pressure_engines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>High pressure engines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-High_pressure_engines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Current work</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_orbital_launchers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPO_Energomaix" title="NPO Energomaix – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="NPO Energomaix" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPO_Energoma%C5%A1" title="NPO Energomaš – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="NPO Energomaš" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPO_Energomasch" title="NPO Energomasch – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="NPO Energomasch" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPO_Energomash" title="NPO Energomash – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="NPO Energomash" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B1%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B4" title="ان‌پی‌او انرگوماش – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ان‌پی‌او انرگوماش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPO_Energomach" title="NPO Energomach – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="NPO Energomach" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%84%A4%EB%A5%B4%EA%B3%A0%EB%A7%88%EC%89%AC" title="에네르고마쉬 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에네르고마쉬" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPO_Energomash" title="NPO Energomash – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="NPO Energomash" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPO_Energoma%C5%A1" title="NPO Energomaš – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="NPO Energomaš" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A9" title="אנרגומאש – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנרגומאש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPO_Enyergomas" title="NPO Enyergomas – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="NPO Enyergomas" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPO%E3%82%A8%E3%83%8D%E3%82%B4%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5" title="NPOエネゴマシュ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="NPOエネゴマシュ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPO_Energomasz" title="NPO Energomasz – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="NPO Energomasz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPO_Energomash" title="NPO Energomash – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="NPO Energomash" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%9F%D0%9E_%C2%AB%D0%AD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%C2%BB_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%92._%D0%9F._%D0%93%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="НПО «Энергомаш» имени академика В. П. Глушко – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="НПО «Энергомаш» имени академика В. П. Глушко" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%92%D0%9E_%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88" title="НВО Енергомаш – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="НВО Енергомаш" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPO_Energomash" title="NPO Energomash – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="NPO Energomash" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E6%9C%BA%E6%A2%B0%E7%A7%91%E7%A0%94%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E4%BD%93" title="动力机械科研生产联合体 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="动力机械科研生产联合体" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q620238#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Energomash" title="Energomash">Energomash</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Russian rocket engine manufacturer</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%;">NPO Energomash</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:NPO_Energomash_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/8a/NPO_Energomash_logo.png" decoding="async" width="161" height="101" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="161" data-file-height="101" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native name</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">НПО Энергомаш имени академика В. П. Глушко</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Romanization" title="Romanization">Romanized</a> name</div></th><td class="infobox-data">NPO Energomash named after “V. P. Glushko”</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formerly</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">OKB-456</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Aerospace_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerospace industry">Aerospace industry</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Space_industry" title="Space industry">Space industry</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Defense_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense industry">Defense industry</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Rocket_engine" title="Rocket engine">Rocket engines</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">(1946<span class="noprint">; 79 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1946</span>)</span>) <a href="/wiki/Khimki" title="Khimki">Khimki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Valentin_Glushko" title="Valentin Glushko">Valentin Petrovich Glushko</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="/wiki/Moscow_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscow region">Moscow region</a></div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Rocket engines</li><li><a href="/wiki/RD-170" title="RD-170">RD-170</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/RD-180" title="RD-180">RD-180</a></li><li>Launch vehicles</li><li>Ballistic missiles</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data">$182 million<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-f62b00946d9202cf7555f0b4c84f624901205e59-v18_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-f62b00946d9202cf7555f0b4c84f624901205e59-v18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (2016)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">$59.7 million<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-f62b00946d9202cf7555f0b4c84f624901205e59-v18_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-f62b00946d9202cf7555f0b4c84f624901205e59-v18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (2016)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">$48 million<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-f62b00946d9202cf7555f0b4c84f624901205e59-v18_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-f62b00946d9202cf7555f0b4c84f624901205e59-v18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (2016)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">$47 million<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-f62b00946d9202cf7555f0b4c84f624901205e59-v18_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-f62b00946d9202cf7555f0b4c84f624901205e59-v18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (2016)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Total equity</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">$126 million<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-f62b00946d9202cf7555f0b4c84f624901205e59-v18_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-f62b00946d9202cf7555f0b4c84f624901205e59-v18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (2016)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data">5500 (2009)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Parent_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Parent company">Parent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Roscosmos_State_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Roscosmos State Corporation">Roscosmos</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npoenergomash.ru/">Official Website</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RD-170_rocket_engine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/RD-170_rocket_engine.jpg/220px-RD-170_rocket_engine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/RD-170_rocket_engine.jpg/330px-RD-170_rocket_engine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/RD-170_rocket_engine.jpg/440px-RD-170_rocket_engine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Model of the RD-170 Engine developed by NPO Energomash.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>NPO Energomash</b> "V. P. Glushko" is a major Russian rocket engine manufacturer. The company primarily develops and produces <a href="/wiki/Liquid_rocket_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Liquid rocket engine">liquid propellant rocket engines</a>. Energomash originates from the <a href="/wiki/OKB" title="OKB">Soviet design bureau</a> <b>OKB-456</b>, which was founded in 1946. NPO Energomash acquired its current name on May 15, 1991, in honor of its former chief designer <a href="/wiki/Valentin_Glushko" title="Valentin Glushko">Valentin Glushko</a>. </p><p>Energomash is noted for its long history of large scale <a href="/wiki/Liquid_oxygen" title="Liquid oxygen">LOX</a>/Kerosene engine development. Notable examples are the <a href="/wiki/RD-107" title="RD-107">RD-107</a>/<a href="/wiki/RD-108" class="mw-redirect" title="RD-108">RD-108</a> <a href="/wiki/Engine" title="Engine">engines</a> used on the <a href="/wiki/R-7_Semyorka" title="R-7 Semyorka">R-7</a>, <a href="/wiki/Molniya_(rocket)" title="Molniya (rocket)">Molniya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soyuz_(rocket_family)" title="Soyuz (rocket family)">Soyuz</a> rocket families, and the <a href="/wiki/RD-170" title="RD-170">RD-170</a>, <a href="/wiki/RD-171" class="mw-redirect" title="RD-171">RD-171</a> and <a href="/wiki/RD-180" title="RD-180">RD-180</a> engines used on the <a href="/wiki/Energia_(rocket)" title="Energia (rocket)">Energia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zenit_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zenit (rocket)">Zenit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Atlas_V" title="Atlas V">Atlas V</a> launch vehicles. </p><p>As of July 2013<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NPO_Energomash&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the company remained largely owned by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Russia" title="Government of Russia">federal government of Russia</a>, but <a href="/wiki/RSC_Energia" class="mw-redirect" title="RSC Energia">RSC Energia</a> owned approximately 14% of the total shares.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2009<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NPO_Energomash&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, NPO Energomash employed approximately 5500 workers at its headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Khimki" title="Khimki">Khimki</a>, Moscow and its satellite facilities in <a href="/wiki/Samara,_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Samara, Russia">Samara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perm,_Russia" title="Perm, Russia">Perm</a>, and <a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Petersburg">St. Petersburg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 4 August 2016, the company announced that it would launch a new plant by December 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPO_Energomash&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Valentin_Petrovich_Glushko" class="mw-redirect" title="Valentin Petrovich Glushko">Valentin Petrovich Glushko</a> was appointed chief designer of the newly founded OKB-456 design bureau on July 3, 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company was quickly tasked with the production of a Russian copy of the German V2 rocket engine, under the supervision of Glushko and 234 German designers added to the company in October, 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the end of that year, OKB-456 took up residence in an aviation factory near the city of <a href="/wiki/Khimki" title="Khimki">Khimki</a>, just outside Moscow. Here, the bureau constructed facilities to build and test fire its engines. The RD-100 performed admirably, and low-pressure LOX/Ethanol engine development continued, in the form of the RD-102 and RD-103. However, the development of high-pressure engine technology allowed propellants with a higher energy density to be used, and so LOX/Kerosene quickly replaced LOX/Ethanol as the propellant of choice.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013, the Russian government began a major effort to <a href="/wiki/Nationalize" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalize">renationalize</a> the Russian <a href="/wiki/Spaceflight" title="Spaceflight">space</a> sector, and created <a href="/wiki/United_Rocket_and_Space_Corporation" title="United Rocket and Space Corporation">United Rocket and Space Corporation</a> (URSC) to consolidate its space holdings.<sup id="cite_ref-pa20130830_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pa20130830-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2013 President Putin issued a <a href="/wiki/Decree_of_the_President_of_Russia" title="Decree of the President of Russia">presidential decree</a> setting up the URSC corporation. The decree stipulated that the corporation will take over manufacturing facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-rian20131202_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rian20131202-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The industry reorganization continued into 2014<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a <a href="/wiki/Sberbank" title="Sberbank">Sberbank</a> cooperation agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-sberbank20141001_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sberbank20141001-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storable_propellants_and_hypergols">Storable propellants and hypergols</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPO_Energomash&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Storable propellants and hypergols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1954, the development and success of the LOX/Kerosene <a href="/wiki/RD-107" title="RD-107">RD-107</a> and RD-108 engines allowed the company to expand its engine development work further. The RD-214 engine, using a storable mixture of <a href="/wiki/Nitric_Acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitric Acid">Nitric Acid</a> and Kerosene, was developed for ballistic missiles with a short readiness time requirement. The RD-214 was soon superseded by the RD-216 and later variants, which used a <a href="/wiki/Hypergolic_propellant" title="Hypergolic propellant">hypergolic</a> combination of <a href="/wiki/Unsymmetrical_dimethylhydrazine" title="Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine">UDMH</a> and Nitric Acid. This line of development later led to the highly successful <a href="/wiki/Unsymmetrical_dimethylhydrazine" title="Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine">UDMH</a>/<a href="/wiki/Dinitrogen_tetroxide" title="Dinitrogen tetroxide">N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub></a> engines <a href="/wiki/RD-253" title="RD-253">RD-253</a> and RD-275 used on the <a href="/wiki/Proton_rocket" class="mw-redirect" title="Proton rocket">Proton</a> launch vehicles – these were the most powerful hypergolic engine of its time, and remains in production to the current day.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="High_pressure_engines">High pressure engines</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPO_Energomash&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: High pressure engines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Soyuz_TMA-9_launch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Soyuz_TMA-9_launch.jpg/200px-Soyuz_TMA-9_launch.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Soyuz_TMA-9_launch.jpg/300px-Soyuz_TMA-9_launch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Soyuz_TMA-9_launch.jpg/400px-Soyuz_TMA-9_launch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2136" data-file-height="3216" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/RD-107" title="RD-107">RD-107</a> engines lifting a <a href="/wiki/Soyuz-FG" title="Soyuz-FG">Soyuz-FG</a> rocket.</figcaption></figure> <p>The RD-107 and RD-108 engines developed from 1954-1957 were extremely reliable and widely used. However, DB Energomash (renamed from the original OKB designation in 1967) saw great potential in the development of LOX/Kerosene engines with a higher chamber pressure. This presented many challenges to the engine designers, most notably the development of a <a href="/wiki/Turbopump" title="Turbopump">turbopump</a> which could deliver enough propellant to keep the engine running at a pressure high enough to maintain combustion stability. The resulting engine, developed in the early 1980s, was the <a href="/wiki/RD-170" title="RD-170">RD-170</a>, which runs at a chamber pressure of 24.5 megapascals (3,550 pounds per square inch) and produces 7,550 kilonewtons (1,700,000 pounds-force) of thrust at a sea-level <a href="/wiki/Specific_impulse" title="Specific impulse">specific impulse</a> of 309 sec, and 7,903 kilonewtons (1,777,000 pounds-force) of thrust at a vacuum <a href="/wiki/Specific_impulse" title="Specific impulse">specific impulse</a> of 337 sec<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> — one of the most efficient and powerful LOX/Kerosene engines in the world. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_work">Current work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPO_Energomash&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Current work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Variants of the RD-170 are still in use today on such vehicles as the <a href="/wiki/Zenit_3SL" class="mw-redirect" title="Zenit 3SL">Zenit 3SL</a> used by <a href="/wiki/Sea_Launch" title="Sea Launch">Sea Launch</a>. The modern <a href="/wiki/Soyuz_(rocket_family)" title="Soyuz (rocket family)">Soyuz rocket</a> uses updated versions of the <a href="/wiki/RD-107" title="RD-107">RD-107</a> and RD-108 engines. The <a href="/wiki/RD-180" title="RD-180">RD-180</a> engine, developed with <a href="/wiki/Rocketdyne" title="Rocketdyne">Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne</a> through the <a href="/wiki/RD_AMROSS" class="mw-redirect" title="RD AMROSS">RD AMROSS</a> partnership, is a direct descendant of the RD-170 line and is used as the propulsion system for the first stage of <a href="/wiki/Atlas_V" title="Atlas V">Atlas V</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most current engine listed on the NPO Energomash website is the single-chamber <a href="/wiki/RD-191" title="RD-191">RD-191</a>, developed for the <a href="/wiki/Angara_(rocket_family)" title="Angara (rocket family)">Angara</a> and Baikal launch vehicles. </p><p>NPO Energomash works with other Russian companies (<a href="/wiki/Keldysh_Research_Center" title="Keldysh Research Center">Keldysh Research Center</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau" title="Chemical Automatics Design Bureau">KBKhA</a>), and in cooperation with European companies on the Volga rocket engine project.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The company continues to research and explore new engine concepts, such as the <a href="/wiki/Tripropellant_rocket" title="Tripropellant rocket">tripropellant</a>, bi-modal engines of the RD-700 family (<a href="/wiki/RD-701" title="RD-701">RD-701</a> and <a href="/wiki/RD-701#RD-704" title="RD-701">RD-704</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 1 June 2016, the company successfully tested first-stage engine named RD-181, a modified version of the <a href="/wiki/RD-191" title="RD-191">RD-191</a> for <a href="/wiki/Antares_(rocket)" title="Antares (rocket)">Antares</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 10 August 2016, the company successfully tested first-stage engine named PDU-99 "ПДУ-99" for <a href="/wiki/RS-28_Sarmat" title="RS-28 Sarmat">RS-28 Sarmat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_orbital_launchers">List of orbital launchers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPO_Energomash&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: List of orbital launchers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>No. </th> <th width="160"><a href="/wiki/Spacecraft" title="Spacecraft">Vehicle</a> </th> <th>Origin </th> <th width="60">Engine </th></tr> <tr style="background:white;font-style:italic"> <td>1. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Angara_(rocket_family)" title="Angara (rocket family)">Angara (rocket family)</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/RD-191" title="RD-191">RD-191</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:white;font-style:italic"> <td>2. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Energia_(rocket)" title="Energia (rocket)">Energia</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/RD-170" title="RD-170">RD-170</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:white;font-style:italic"> <td>3. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voskhod_(rocket)" title="Voskhod (rocket)">Voskhod</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/RD-107" title="RD-107">RD-107</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:white;font-style:italic"> <td>4. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vostok_(rocket_family)" title="Vostok (rocket family)">Vostok (rocket family)</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/RD-107" title="RD-107">RD-107</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:white;font-style:italic"> <td>5. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Molniya_(rocket)" title="Molniya (rocket)">Molniya</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/RD-107" title="RD-107"> RD-107ММ</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:white;font-style:italic"> <td>6. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polyot_(rocket)" title="Polyot (rocket)">Polyot</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/RD-107" title="RD-107">RD-107</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:white;font-style:italic"> <td>7. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_(rocket_family)" title="Kosmos (rocket family)">Kosmos (rocket family)</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/RD-170" title="RD-170">RD-170</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:white;font-style:italic"> <td>8. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_(rocket_family)" title="Soyuz (rocket family)">Soyuz (rocket family)</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/RD-107" title="RD-107">RD-107</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:white;font-style:italic"> <td>9. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zenit_(rocket_family)" title="Zenit (rocket family)">Zenit (rocket family)</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> & <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/RD-171" class="mw-redirect" title="RD-171">RD-171</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:white;font-style:italic"> <td>10. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dnepr_(rocket)" title="Dnepr (rocket)">Dnepr</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> & <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/RD-263" title="RD-263">RD-263</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:white;font-style:italic"> <td>11. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/MAKS_(spacecraft)" title="MAKS (spacecraft)">MAKS (spacecraft)</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> & <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/RD-701" title="RD-701">RD-701</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:white;font-style:italic"> <td>12. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tsyklon" title="Tsyklon">Tsyklon</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/RD-252" class="mw-redirect" title="RD-252">RD-252</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:white;font-style:italic"> <td>13. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antares_(rocket)" title="Antares (rocket)">Antares (rocket)</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/RD-181" class="mw-redirect" title="RD-181">RD-181</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:white;font-style:italic"> <td>14. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Atlas_III" title="Atlas III">Atlas III</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/RD-180" title="RD-180">RD-180</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:white;font-style:italic"> <td>15. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Atlas_V" title="Atlas V">Atlas V</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/RD-180" title="RD-180">RD-180</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:white;font-style:italic"> <td>16. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Naro-1" title="Naro-1">Naro-1</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/60px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/RD-151" class="mw-redirect" title="RD-151">RD-151</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPO_Energomash&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Rocket_and_Space_Corporation" title="United Rocket and Space Corporation">United Rocket and Space Corporation</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPO_Energomash&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-f62b00946d9202cf7555f0b4c84f624901205e59-v18-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-f62b00946d9202cf7555f0b4c84f624901205e59-v18_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-f62b00946d9202cf7555f0b4c84f624901205e59-v18_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-f62b00946d9202cf7555f0b4c84f624901205e59-v18_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-f62b00946d9202cf7555f0b4c84f624901205e59-v18_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-f62b00946d9202cf7555f0b4c84f624901205e59-v18_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon 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.citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://engine.space/upload/iblock/c36/c361e49f2a8481c4f01e7ba8cbc6fc29.pdf">http://engine.space/upload/iblock/c36/c361e49f2a8481c4f01e7ba8cbc6fc29.pdf</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fengine.space%2Fupload%2Fiblock%2Fc36%2Fc361e49f2a8481c4f01e7ba8cbc6fc29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPO+Energomash" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170505050819/http://engine.space/about/openinfo/">"Производитель ракетных двигателей в России - О компании АО "НПО Энергомаш"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Engine.space</i> (in Russian). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Glushko&rft.pub=Astronautix.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fastronautix.com%2Fastros%2Fglushko.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPO+Energomash" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Raketensklaven <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-421-06635-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-421-06635-0">978-3-421-06635-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Raketensklaven: Deutsche Forscher hinter rotem Stacheldraht <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-933395-67-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-933395-67-2">978-3-933395-67-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150725135908/http://www.npoenergomash.ru/eng/about/history/">"History"</a>. 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