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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2.4</span> <span>Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Korea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Korea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2.5</span> <span>South Korea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Korea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taiwan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taiwan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2.6</span> <span>Taiwan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taiwan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3.1</span> <span>France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3.2</span> <span>Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hungary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hungary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3.3</span> <span>Hungary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hungary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3.4</span> <span>Ireland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3.5</span> <span>Italy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moldova" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moldova"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3.6</span> <span>Moldova</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moldova-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Netherlands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Netherlands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3.7</span> <span>Netherlands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Netherlands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portugal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portugal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3.8</span> <span>Portugal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portugal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3.9</span> <span>Romania</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3.10</span> <span>Spain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ukraine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ukraine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3.11</span> <span>Ukraine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ukraine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3.12</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Former_European_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_European_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3.13</span> <span>Former European countries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former_European_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Former_SFR_Yugoslavia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_SFR_Yugoslavia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3.13.1</span> <span>Former SFR Yugoslavia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former_SFR_Yugoslavia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Former_Soviet_Union" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_Soviet_Union"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3.13.2</span> <span>Former Soviet Union</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former_Soviet_Union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.4</span> <span>North America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mexico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mexico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.4.1</span> <span>Mexico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mexico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.5</span> <span>South America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Argentina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Argentina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.5.1</span> <span>Argentina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Argentina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brazil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brazil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.5.2</span> <span>Brazil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brazil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecuador" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecuador"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.5.3</span> <span>Ecuador</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecuador-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peru" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peru"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.5.4</span> <span>Peru</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peru-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uruguay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uruguay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.5.5</span> <span>Uruguay</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uruguay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Baseball" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baseball"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Baseball</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baseball-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Basketball" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Basketball"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Basketball</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Basketball-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Philippines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philippines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>Philippines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philippines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portugal_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portugal_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.2</span> <span>Portugal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portugal_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cycling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cycling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Cycling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cycling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rugby_union" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rugby_union"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Rugby union</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rugby_union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_or_factory_teams_in_motorsport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_or_factory_teams_in_motorsport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Works or factory teams in motorsport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_or_factory_teams_in_motorsport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Professional_or_semi-professional_college_and_university_teams" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Professional_or_semi-professional_college_and_university_teams"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Professional or semi-professional college and university teams</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Professional_or_semi-professional_college_and_university_teams-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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title="Clubes de trabajadores – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Clubes de trabajadores" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%A4%EC%97%85%ED%8C%80" title="실업팀 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="실업팀" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_olahraga_pekerja" title="Tim olahraga pekerja – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tim olahraga pekerja" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%9F%E6%A5%AD%E5%9B%A3" title="実業団 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="実業団" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%81%E4%B8%9A%E9%98%9F" title="企业队 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="企业队" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1187904#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> 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.hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the motorsports term, see <a href="/wiki/Factory-backed" title="Factory-backed">Factory-backed</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aankomst_PSV_met_Europa_Cup_I_op_vliegveld_Eindhoven_ir._Frits_Philips_en_PSVer,_Bestanddeelnr_934-2545.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Aankomst_PSV_met_Europa_Cup_I_op_vliegveld_Eindhoven_ir._Frits_Philips_en_PSVer%2C_Bestanddeelnr_934-2545.jpg/300px-Aankomst_PSV_met_Europa_Cup_I_op_vliegveld_Eindhoven_ir._Frits_Philips_en_PSVer%2C_Bestanddeelnr_934-2545.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Aankomst_PSV_met_Europa_Cup_I_op_vliegveld_Eindhoven_ir._Frits_Philips_en_PSVer%2C_Bestanddeelnr_934-2545.jpg/450px-Aankomst_PSV_met_Europa_Cup_I_op_vliegveld_Eindhoven_ir._Frits_Philips_en_PSVer%2C_Bestanddeelnr_934-2545.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Aankomst_PSV_met_Europa_Cup_I_op_vliegveld_Eindhoven_ir._Frits_Philips_en_PSVer%2C_Bestanddeelnr_934-2545.jpg/600px-Aankomst_PSV_met_Europa_Cup_I_op_vliegveld_Eindhoven_ir._Frits_Philips_en_PSVer%2C_Bestanddeelnr_934-2545.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3739" data-file-height="2481" /></a><figcaption>Players of <a href="/wiki/PSV_Eindhoven" title="PSV Eindhoven">PSV</a> posing with the European Cup together with <a href="/wiki/Frits_Philips" title="Frits Philips">Frits Philips</a>, chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Board_of_directors" title="Board of directors">BOD</a> of <a href="/wiki/Philips" title="Philips">Philips</a>, after their <a href="/wiki/1988_European_Cup_final" title="1988 European Cup final">1988 European Cup Final</a> victory over <a href="/wiki/S.L._Benfica" title="S.L. Benfica">Benfica</a> in <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>works team</b>, sometimes also referred to as <b>factory team</b> and <b>company team</b>, is a sports team that is financed and run by a manufacturer or other business, institution, or organization in a broad sense. Works teams have very close ties with their main sponsor and owner, and usually incorporate its logo, its name, or both, in the sport club or team logo. Sometimes, works teams contain or are entirely made up of employees of the supporting company.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Motorsport" title="Motorsport">motorsport</a>, a works team or factory team is a manufacturer that builds its own car or motorbike including the engine.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Company teams are owned, sponsored and managed by companies in order to raise awareness about those companies' <a href="/wiki/Brand" title="Brand">brands</a>, being usually named after those companies and brands as part and parcel of those companies' <a href="/wiki/Marketing_strategy" title="Marketing strategy">marketing strategy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sometimes a single company (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Red_Bull_GmbH" title="Red Bull GmbH">Red Bull GmbH</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> owns more than one team named after it competing in different sports or even in the same sport.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When they meet certain criteria, college and university teams, also known sometimes as student teams, competing in semi-professional or professional leagues and championships, instead of exclusively competing in <a href="/wiki/College_sports" title="College sports">university/college level sport</a>, have been considered works teams as well. In some regions of the world like <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a>, university/college sports teams are in many instances fully-integrated in the same national sports league or championship system where amateur, semi-professional and professional teams and athletes compete in one of many divisions of the system's pyramid.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many works teams, factory teams or student teams were started to give staff or students some exercise and entertainment and eventually became professional teams without actually having workers, factory workers or students in their squads, but retained their original names to reflect their historical background.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="By_sport">By sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Works_team&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: By sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Works_team" title="Special:EditPage/Works team">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_football">American football</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Works_team&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: American football"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Works teams were common in the early days of <a href="/wiki/Professional_football_(gridiron)" class="mw-redirect" title="Professional football (gridiron)">professional football</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Columbus_Panhandles" title="Columbus Panhandles">Columbus Panhandles</a> were a famous works team; it consisted of <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Railroad" title="Pennsylvania Railroad">Pennsylvania Railroad</a> employees, including the famed <a href="/wiki/Nesser_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Nesser Brothers">Nesser Brothers</a>, and eventually became a charter member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Green_Bay_Packers" title="Green Bay Packers">Green Bay Packers</a> obtained its name through company sponsorship from a meat packing company named the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Packing_Company" title="Indian Packing Company">Indian Packing Company</a> and its employee and team founder, <a href="/wiki/Curly_Lambeau" title="Curly Lambeau">Curly Lambeau</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Bears" title="Chicago Bears">Chicago Bears</a> was established by the <a href="/wiki/A._E._Staley" title="A. E. Staley">A. E. Staley</a> food starch company of Decatur, Illinois, as a company team under the name 'Decatur Staleys'. </p><p>The National Public Safety Football League is a modern-day example of a league of works teams, with each team in the league consisting of employees of a public department (usually police or fire) in a given city. </p><p>This tradition is continued by some teams in the <a href="/wiki/X-League_(Japan)" title="X-League (Japan)">X-League</a>, the highest level of American football in Japan; examples include the <a href="/wiki/IBM_Big_Blue_(X-League)" title="IBM Big Blue (X-League)">IBM Big Blue</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fujitsu_Frontiers" title="Fujitsu Frontiers">Fujitsu Frontiers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Association_football">Association football</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Works_team&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Association football"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Africa">Africa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Works_team&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Former and current works teams in Africa include <a href="/wiki/Arab_Contractors_SC" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab Contractors SC">Arab Contractors SC</a> of Egypt (also a <a href="/wiki/Sporting_club" class="mw-redirect" title="Sporting club">sporting club</a>) and <a href="/wiki/AS_Police_(Benin)" title="AS Police (Benin)">AS Police (Benin)</a>. <a href="/wiki/Horseed_FC" title="Horseed FC">Horseed FC</a> is based in Horseed, Somalia. A seven-time champion of the Somalia League, it is a former army team. Other works teams that have played in the Somali football leagues include Banaadir Telecom, Ports Authority, and Somali Police. </p><p>A number of works teams were founded in the former <a href="/wiki/Mozambique_(Portugal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozambique (Portugal)">Portuguese territory of Mozambique</a> that still are currently major teams in <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">that Portuguese-speaking African country</a> (independent since 1975). <a href="/wiki/Grupo_Desportivo_da_Companhia_T%C3%AAxtil_do_Pungu%C3%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Grupo Desportivo da Companhia Têxtil do Punguè">Grupo Desportivo da Companhia Têxtil do Punguè</a> and <a href="/wiki/Text%C3%A1frica_do_Chimoio" class="mw-redirect" title="Textáfrica do Chimoio">Textáfrica do Chimoio</a> are examples of two works teams which were the teams of two textile companies. In addition, two major teams of the railway network also achieved notoriety – the <a href="/wiki/Clube_Ferrovi%C3%A1rio_de_Maputo" title="Clube Ferroviário de Maputo">Clube Ferroviário de Maputo</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Clube_Ferrovi%C3%A1rio_da_Beira_(football)" title="Clube Ferroviário da Beira (football)">Clube Ferroviário da Beira</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Asia">Asia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Works_team&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Current and former Asian works teams include <a href="/wiki/Nepal_Police_Club" title="Nepal Police Club">Nepal Police Club</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thai_Farmers_Bank_F.C." title="Thai Farmers Bank F.C.">Thai Farmers Bank F.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krung_Thai_Bank_F.C." title="Krung Thai Bank F.C.">Krung Thai Bank F.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viettel_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Viettel F.C.">Viettel F.C.</a> (formerly The Cong), or the football team of the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnam People's Army">Vietnam People's Army</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/United_City_FC" class="mw-redirect" title="United City FC">United City FC</a> which was once the works team of Vallacar Transit Inc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="China">China</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Works_team&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In China, there are several works teams or company teams playing in the top professional competitions. These include <a href="/wiki/Beijing_Guoan_F.C." title="Beijing Guoan F.C.">Beijing Guoan F.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Changchun_Yatai_F.C." title="Changchun Yatai F.C.">Changchun Yatai F.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_F.C." title="Guangzhou F.C.">Guangzhou F.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tianjin_Jinmen_Tiger_F.C." title="Tianjin Jinmen Tiger F.C.">Tianjin Jinmen Tiger F.C.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Port_F.C." title="Shanghai Port F.C.">Shanghai Port F.C.</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="India">India</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Works_team&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Dempo_SC" title="Dempo SC">Dempo SC</a> is owned and sponsored by the <a href="/wiki/Dempo" title="Dempo">Dempo Mining Corporation Limited</a>. <a href="/wiki/ASEB_Sports_Club" title="ASEB Sports Club">ASEB Sports Club</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oil_India_FC" title="Oil India FC">Oil India FC</a> are other examples of company teams. In the past, <a href="/wiki/JCT_FC" title="JCT FC">JCT FC</a> was owned by JCT Mills. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Iran">Iran</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Works_team&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Iran"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Iran current and former work teams include the <a href="/wiki/Zob_Ahan_Esfahan_F.C." title="Zob Ahan Esfahan F.C.">Zob Ahan Esfahan F.C.</a>, affiliated with a steel factory in Isfahan and <a href="/wiki/Sepahan_S.C." title="Sepahan S.C.">Sepahan S.C.</a>, owned by <a href="/wiki/Mobarakeh_Steel_Company" title="Mobarakeh Steel Company">Mobarake Steel</a> company. There are many other teams in Iran that are factory, company and workers teams including, <a href="/wiki/Aluminium_Arak_F.C." title="Aluminium Arak F.C.">Aluminium Arak F.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paykan_F.C." title="Paykan F.C.">Paykan F.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Foolad_F.C." title="Foolad F.C.">Foolad F.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanat_Naft_Abadan_F.C." title="Sanat Naft Abadan F.C.">Sanat Naft Abadan F.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/F.C._Nassaji_Mazandaran" title="F.C. Nassaji Mazandaran">F.C. Nassaji Mazandaran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gol_Gohar_Sirjan_F.C." title="Gol Gohar Sirjan F.C.">Gol Gohar Sirjan F.C.</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Japan">Japan</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Works_team&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Works teams are common in Japan, with several <a href="/wiki/J.League" title="J.League">J.League</a> clubs starting life as a member of the amateur <a href="/wiki/Japan_Soccer_League" title="Japan Soccer League">Japan Soccer League</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Yokohama_F._Marinos" title="Yokohama F. Marinos">Yokohama F. Marinos</a>, who were originally <a href="/wiki/Nissan_Motors" class="mw-redirect" title="Nissan Motors">Nissan F.C.</a>). Modern examples include <a href="/wiki/Honda_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Honda F.C.">Honda F.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Motors_Mizushima_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Mitsubishi Motors Mizushima F.C.">Mitsubishi Motors Mizushima</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sony_Sendai_FC" title="Sony Sendai FC">Sony Sendai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tokushima_Vortis" title="Tokushima Vortis">Tokushima Vortis</a> (founded in 1955 as <a href="/wiki/Otsuka_Pharmaceutical" title="Otsuka Pharmaceutical">Otsuka Pharmaceutical</a> Co., Ltd. Soccer Club) and <a href="/wiki/Maruyasu_Industries_SC" class="mw-redirect" title="Maruyasu Industries SC">Maruyasu Okazaki</a>. The highest league Japanese works teams can compete in is the <a href="/wiki/Japan_Football_League" title="Japan Football League">Japan Football League</a>, the de facto national fourth division; the J. League specifically bars works teams from its ranks unless they professionalise and adopt the community they play in as a source of fan support. <a href="/wiki/Yokohama_FC" title="Yokohama FC">Yokohama FC</a> is owned by Japanese restaurant operator Onodera Group (which became also a majority shareholder of Portuguese club <a href="/wiki/U.D._Oliveirense" title="U.D. Oliveirense">UD Oliveirense</a> in November 2022) and thus can be described as a company team as well.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="South_Korea">South Korea</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Works_team&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: South Korea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Current and former works teams in South Korea include <a href="/wiki/Busan_Transportation_Corporation_FC" title="Busan Transportation Corporation FC">Busan Transportation Corporation FC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gyeongju_KHNP_FC" class="mw-redirect" title="Gyeongju KHNP FC">Gyeongju Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power FC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulsan_Hyundai_Mipo_Dolphin_FC" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulsan Hyundai Mipo Dolphin FC">Ulsan Hyundai Mipo Dolphin FC</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hanil_Bank_FC" title="Hanil Bank FC">Hanil Bank FC</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jeonbuk_Hyundai_Motors" title="Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors">Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulsan_HD_FC" title="Ulsan HD FC">Ulsan HD FC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seoul_E-Land_FC" title="Seoul E-Land FC">Seoul E-Land FC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Suwon_Samsung_Bluewings" title="Suwon Samsung Bluewings">Suwon Samsung Bluewings</a> are prominent company teams in South Korea. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Taiwan">Taiwan</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Works_team&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Taiwan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Tatung_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Tatung F.C.">Tatung F.C.</a>, a Taiwanese professional football club based in Taipei, was affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/Tatung_Company" title="Tatung Company">Tatung electronics company</a>. <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Power_Company_F.C." title="Taiwan Power Company F.C.">Taiwan Power Company F.C.</a> is owned by the <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Power_Company" title="Taiwan Power Company">Taiwan Power Company</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Europe">Europe</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Works_team&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>European former works teams that later would become noteworthy professional company teams include those of <a href="/wiki/PSV_Eindhoven" title="PSV Eindhoven">PSV Eindhoven</a> (<a href="/wiki/Philips" title="Philips">Philips</a>), <a href="/wiki/FC_Sochaux-Montb%C3%A9liard" title="FC Sochaux-Montbéliard">FC Sochaux-Montbéliard</a> (<a href="/wiki/Peugeot" title="Peugeot">Peugeot</a>), <a href="/wiki/Bayer_04_Leverkusen" title="Bayer 04 Leverkusen">Bayer Leverkusen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bayer" title="Bayer">Bayer</a>), <a href="/wiki/VfL_Wolfsburg" title="VfL Wolfsburg">VfL Wolfsburg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Volkswagen" title="Volkswagen">Volkswagen</a>) and <a href="/wiki/FC_Carl_Zeiss_Jena" title="FC Carl Zeiss Jena">FC Carl Zeiss Jena</a> (<a href="/wiki/Carl_Zeiss_AG" title="Carl Zeiss AG">Carl Zeiss</a>). Most of them are still company teams owned by the company which founded the sports club in the past. Founded, sponsored and owned by <a href="/wiki/Red_Bull_GmbH" title="Red Bull GmbH">Red Bull GmbH</a>, which uses the sports teams as part and parcel of its products' <a href="/wiki/Marketing_strategy" title="Marketing strategy">marketing strategy</a>, <a href="/wiki/RB_Leipzig" title="RB Leipzig">RB Leipzig</a> and <a href="/wiki/FC_Red_Bull_Salzburg" title="FC Red Bull Salzburg">FC Red Bull Salzburg</a> became noted examples of European company teams at the start of the 21st century.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="France">France</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Works_team&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/FC_Sochaux-Montb%C3%A9liard" title="FC Sochaux-Montbéliard">FC Sochaux-Montbéliard</a> (<a href="/wiki/Peugeot" title="Peugeot">Peugeot</a>), <a href="/wiki/Evian_Thonon_Gaillard_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Evian Thonon Gaillard F.C.">Evian Thonon Gaillard F.C.</a> (<a href="/wiki/Groupe_Danone" class="mw-redirect" title="Groupe Danone">Groupe Danone</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Paris_FC" title="Paris FC">Paris FC</a> (<a href="/wiki/LVMH" title="LVMH">LVMH</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are examples of notable works or company teams from France historically or currently linked to well-known multinational companies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Germany">Germany</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Works_team&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bayer_04_Leverkusen" title="Bayer 04 Leverkusen">Bayer Leverkusen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bayer" title="Bayer">Bayer</a>), <a href="/wiki/VfL_Wolfsburg" title="VfL Wolfsburg">VfL Wolfsburg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Volkswagen" title="Volkswagen">Volkswagen</a>), <a href="/wiki/FC_Carl_Zeiss_Jena" title="FC Carl Zeiss Jena">FC Carl Zeiss Jena</a> (<a href="/wiki/Carl_Zeiss_AG" title="Carl Zeiss AG">Carl Zeiss</a>), <a href="/wiki/TSG_1899_Hoffenheim" title="TSG 1899 Hoffenheim">TSG 1899 Hoffenheim</a> (<a href="/wiki/SAP" title="SAP">SAP</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Dietmar_Hopp" title="Dietmar Hopp">Dietmar Hopp</a>) and <a href="/wiki/RB_Leipzig" title="RB Leipzig">RB Leipzig</a> (<a href="/wiki/Red_Bull_GmbH" title="Red Bull GmbH">Red Bull GmbH</a>), founded, sponsored or owned by companies or company founders, are examples of German works teams or company teams.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Hungary">Hungary</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Works_team&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Hungary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name of the football club <a href="/wiki/Videoton_FC" class="mw-redirect" title="Videoton FC">Videoton FC</a> (Hungary) comes from a Hungarian contract electronics manufacturer. The club, founded in 1941 by the defence manufacturing company Székesfehérvári Vadásztölténygyár, was made up of workers of the local factory in its early years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Ireland">Ireland</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Works_team&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Ireland" title="League of Ireland">League of Ireland</a> a number of early clubs, including <a href="/wiki/St_James%27s_Gate_F.C." title="St James's Gate F.C.">St James's Gate F.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fordsons_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Fordsons F.C.">Fordsons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacobs_F.C." title="Jacobs F.C.">Jacobs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Midland_Athletic_F.C." title="Midland Athletic F.C.">Midland Athletic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dundalk_F.C." title="Dundalk F.C.">Dundalk</a> all had their origins as a factory or works team. In <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_football_league_system" title="Northern Ireland football league system">Northern Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linfield_F.C." title="Linfield F.C.">Linfield F.C.</a> was founded in <a href="/wiki/Sandy_Row" title="Sandy Row">Sandy Row</a> in March 1886 by workers from the Ulster Spinning Company's Linfield Mill. Originally named the Linfield Athletic Club, its playing ground, "the Meadow", was situated behind the mill. <a href="/wiki/Lisburn_Distillery_F.C." title="Lisburn Distillery F.C.">Lisburn Distillery F.C.</a> was created as Distillery<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by employees of Dunville's Royal Irish Distillery in Grosvenor Street, Belfast in July 1879. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Italy">Italy</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Works_team&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Italy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Italy, football teams such as <a href="/wiki/Parma_Calcio_1913" title="Parma Calcio 1913">Parma A.C.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Juventus_FC" title="Juventus FC">Juventus</a> were respectively known for years as company teams of <a href="/wiki/Parmalat" title="Parmalat">Parmalat</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Fiat" title="Fiat">FIAT</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Actual company or works teams from Italy include <a href="/wiki/FeralpiSal%C3%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="FeralpiSalò">FeralpiSalò</a>, owned by <a href="/wiki/Ironworks" title="Ironworks">ironworks</a> company Feralpi Group.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Moldova">Moldova</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Works_team&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Moldova"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/FC_Sheriff_Tiraspol" title="FC Sheriff Tiraspol">FC Sheriff Tiraspol</a> is based in the capital of Transnistria, was founded by the Sheriff security company in 1997. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Netherlands">Netherlands</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Works_team&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Netherlands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/PSV_Eindhoven" title="PSV Eindhoven">Philips Sport Vereniging</a> (PSV) was founded, owned and sponsored within the <a href="/wiki/Philips" title="Philips">Philips</a> business universe.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Portugal">Portugal</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Works_team&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Portugal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Portuguese conglomerate <a href="/wiki/Companhia_Uni%C3%A3o_Fabril" title="Companhia União Fabril">Companhia União Fabril</a> (CUF) had also its own <a href="/wiki/Sports_club" title="Sports club">sports club</a>, founded as a true works team in 1937. It was located in the <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Industrial_suburb" title="Industrial suburb">industrial suburb</a> of <a href="/wiki/Barreiro_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barreiro (city)">Barreiro</a>, and was called <a href="/wiki/Grupo_Desportivo_da_CUF" class="mw-redirect" title="Grupo Desportivo da CUF">Grupo Desportivo da CUF</a>. A multisport club, besides top flight football, it housed competitive rink hockey, cycling and rowing teams and departments, among others.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The club, which was a major contender in the main <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Football_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese Football Championship">Portuguese Football Championship</a>, was disbanded and replaced by <a href="/wiki/G.D._Fabril" title="G.D. Fabril">G.D. Fabril</a> due to <a href="/wiki/Carnation_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnation revolution">a military coup in 1974</a>. Other examples include the <a href="/wiki/G.D._Riopele" title="G.D. Riopele">Grupo Desportivo Riopele</a> founded in 1958 in <a href="/wiki/Vila_Nova_de_Famalic%C3%A3o" title="Vila Nova de Famalicão">Vila Nova de Famalicão</a> which was the works team of the Riopele textile factory,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the sport club established by the Argozelo Mines in 1975 and called <a href="/wiki/C.C.D._Minas_de_Argozelo" title="C.C.D. Minas de Argozelo">Centro Cultural e Desportivo Minas de Argozelo</a>. <a href="/wiki/Florgrade_FC" title="Florgrade FC">Florgrade FC</a>, established in 2014, was founded and is owned by a Portuguese <a href="/wiki/Cork_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Cork industry">cork industry</a> company with the same name.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Romania">Romania</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Works_team&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Romania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Romania, <a href="/wiki/CS_Rapid_Bucure%C8%99ti" title="CS Rapid București">Rapid Bucharest</a> was founded in 1923 by a group workers of the <a href="/wiki/Grivi%C8%9Ba_(vehicle_manufacturer)" title="Grivița (vehicle manufacturer)">Grivița</a> workshops under the name of Asociația culturală și sportivă CFR ("CFR Cultural and Sports Association"). <a href="/wiki/CFR_Cluj" title="CFR Cluj">Fotbal Club CFR 1907 Cluj</a> was founded in 1907, when the city of Cluj-Napoca was part of Austro-Hungarian Empire, under the name Cluj Railway Sports Club (Kolozsvári Vasutas Sport Club). From 1907 to 1910, the team played in the municipal championship. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Spain">Spain</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Works_team&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Spain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The oldest football club in Spain is <a href="/wiki/Recreativo_de_Huelva" title="Recreativo de Huelva">Recreativo de Huelva</a>, formed on 23 December 1889 by Dr. William Alexander Mackay<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and British workers employed by the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Tinto_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Rio Tinto Group">Rio Tinto Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sevilla_FC" title="Sevilla FC">Sevilla FC</a>, started as a team made up of workers from the <i>Seville Water Works</i>, while <a href="/wiki/Atl%C3%A9tico_Madrid" title="Atlético Madrid">Atlético Madrid</a> was, from 1939 to 1947, called Athletic Aviación de Madrid, having merged with Aviación Nacional of Zaragoza, founded in 1939 by members of the Spanish Air Force. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Ukraine">Ukraine</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Works_team&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Ukraine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most of the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Premier_League" title="Ukrainian Premier League">Ukrainian Premier League</a> clubs in Ukraine trace their roots to factory teams among several there is <a href="/wiki/FC_Dnipro_Dnipropetrovsk" class="mw-redirect" title="FC Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk">FC Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk</a> that was originally formed as factory team of Bryanka Factory (today Dnipropetrovsk Metallurgical Plant). <a href="/wiki/FC_Shakhtar_Horlivka" title="FC Shakhtar Horlivka">FC Shakhtar Horlivka</a> traces its roots to the Football Association of the Gorlovka Artillery Works (FOGAZ). In times of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> until the 1960s in Kyiv was a sports club of <a href="/wiki/Arsenal_Factory" title="Arsenal Factory">Arsenal Factory</a>, SC Arsenal Kyiv, which fielded a number of teams in various sports such as association football and hockey, among others. In 2001, there was an attempt to revive the club by the Kyiv city authorities (see <a href="/wiki/FC_Arsenal_Kyiv" title="FC Arsenal Kyiv">FC Arsenal Kyiv</a>). <a href="/wiki/FC_Zirka_Kropyvnytskyi" title="FC Zirka Kropyvnytskyi">FC Zirka Kropyvnytskyi</a> was originally formed by the Elvorti Factory personnel and after the Communist revolution it was renamed along with the factory. <a href="/wiki/FC_Zorya_Luhansk" title="FC Zorya Luhansk">FC Zorya Luhansk</a> was formed at the October Revolution Locomotive Factory (today <a href="/wiki/Luhanskteplovoz" title="Luhanskteplovoz">Luhanskteplovoz</a>). <a href="/wiki/FC_Metalist_Kharkiv" title="FC Metalist Kharkiv">FC Metalist Kharkiv</a> was formed at the Kharkiv Locomotive Factory (today <a href="/wiki/Malyshev_Factory" title="Malyshev Factory">Malyshev Factory</a>). There also was a factory team of the Donetsk Steel Works (see <a href="/wiki/FC_Metalurh_Donetsk" title="FC Metalurh Donetsk">FC Metalurh Donetsk</a>). At the KryvbasOre (today Kryvyi Rih Iron Ore Association) were created such teams like <a href="/wiki/FC_Hirnyk_Kryvyi_Rih" title="FC Hirnyk Kryvyi Rih">FC Hirnyk Kryvyi Rih</a> and <a href="/wiki/FC_Kryvbas_Kryvyi_Rih_(1959%E2%80%932013)" title="FC Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih (1959–2013)">FC Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih</a>. <a href="/wiki/FC_Metalurh_Zaporizhia" class="mw-redirect" title="FC Metalurh Zaporizhia">FC Metalurh Zaporizhia</a> traces its roots to the team of <a href="/wiki/Zaporizhstal" title="Zaporizhstal">Zaporizhstal</a>. <a href="/wiki/FC_Motor_Zaporizhzhia" title="FC Motor Zaporizhzhia">FC Motor Zaporizhzhia</a> is another football team from <a href="/wiki/Zaporizhzhia" title="Zaporizhzhia">Zaporizhzhia</a> which is owned by the Ukrainian aircraft engine manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Motor_Sich" title="Motor Sich">Motor Sich</a>. <a href="/wiki/FC_Torpedo_Zaporizhia" class="mw-redirect" title="FC Torpedo Zaporizhia">FC Torpedo Zaporizhia</a> traces its roots to the team of <a href="/wiki/ZAZ" title="ZAZ">ZAZ</a> car factory. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Works_team&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several professional <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> clubs in the United Kingdom were also formed as works teams, including <a href="/wiki/Manchester_United_F.C." title="Manchester United F.C.">Manchester United</a> (the team of the <a href="/wiki/Lancashire_and_Yorkshire_Railway" title="Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway">Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway</a> depot at <a href="/wiki/Newton_Heath" title="Newton Heath">Newton Heath</a>), <a href="/wiki/Arsenal_F.C." title="Arsenal F.C.">Arsenal</a> (formed as Dial Square in 1886 by workers at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Arsenal" title="Royal Arsenal">Royal Arsenal</a> in <a href="/wiki/Woolwich" title="Woolwich">Woolwich</a>), <a href="/wiki/West_Ham_United_F.C." title="West Ham United F.C.">West Ham United</a> (formerly <a href="/wiki/Thames_Ironworks_and_Shipbuilding_Company" title="Thames Ironworks and Shipbuilding Company">Thames Ironworks</a>), <a href="/wiki/Coventry_City_F.C." title="Coventry City F.C.">Coventry City</a>, founded by workers of the <a href="/wiki/Singer_Motors" title="Singer Motors">Singer bicycle company</a>, and the Scottish team <a href="/wiki/Livingston_F.C." title="Livingston F.C.">Livingston</a> (formerly Ferranti Thistle). </p><p>A few amateur and semi-professional United Kingdom association football (soccer) works teams retain their companies' names, including <a href="/wiki/Airbus_UK_Broughton_F.C." title="Airbus UK Broughton F.C.">Airbus UK</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cammell_Laird_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Cammell Laird F.C.">Cammell Laird</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vauxhall_Motors_F.C." title="Vauxhall Motors F.C.">Vauxhall Motors</a>. Other former and current amateur and semi-professional UK works teams include <a href="/wiki/Crawley_Down_Gatwick_F.C." title="Crawley Down Gatwick F.C.">Crawley Down Gatwick F.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civil_Service_F.C." title="Civil Service F.C.">Civil Service F.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harrogate_Railway_Athletic_F.C." title="Harrogate Railway Athletic F.C.">Harrogate Railway Athletic F.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Services_Portsmouth_F.C." title="United Services Portsmouth F.C.">United Services Portsmouth F.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Police_F.C." title="Metropolitan Police F.C.">Metropolitan Police F.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stewarts_%26_Lloyds_Corby_A.F.C." title="Stewarts & Lloyds Corby A.F.C.">Stewarts & Lloyds Corby A.F.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Engineers_A.F.C." title="Royal Engineers A.F.C.">Royal Engineers A.F.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atherton_Collieries_A.F.C." title="Atherton Collieries A.F.C.">Atherton Collieries A.F.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prescot_Cables_F.C." title="Prescot Cables F.C.">Prescot Cables F.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stocksbridge_Park_Steels_F.C." title="Stocksbridge Park Steels F.C.">Stocksbridge Park Steels F.C.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Civil_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiff Civil Service">Cardiff Civil Service</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bath_City_F.C." title="Bath City F.C.">Bath City Football Club</a> from Somerset, England, was formed in 1889 as Bath A.F.C. The team changed its name to Bath Railway in 1902, before settling on the name Bath City F.C. Included among Scottish amateur works teams are <a href="/wiki/Inverurie_Loco_Works_F.C." title="Inverurie Loco Works F.C.">Inverurie Loco Works F.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colville_Park_A.F.C." title="Colville Park A.F.C.">Colville Park A.F.C.</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ravenscraig_steelworks" title="Ravenscraig steelworks">Ravenscraig steelworks</a>), <a href="/wiki/Shawfield_Amateurs_F.C." title="Shawfield Amateurs F.C.">Shawfield Amateurs</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shawfield" title="Shawfield">White's Chemical Works</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Burntisland_Shipyard_A.F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Burntisland Shipyard A.F.C.">Burntisland Shipyard A.F.C.</a>, while Glynhill Moorcroft A.F.C. began as Babcock & Wilcox F.C., the works team of the Renfrew engineering company. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Former_European_countries">Former European countries</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Works_team&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Former European countries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Former_SFR_Yugoslavia">Former SFR Yugoslavia</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Works_team&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Former SFR Yugoslavia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dolina_cupova_-_Grbavica_Stadium_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Dolina_cupova_-_Grbavica_Stadium_2015.jpg/220px-Dolina_cupova_-_Grbavica_Stadium_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Dolina_cupova_-_Grbavica_Stadium_2015.jpg/330px-Dolina_cupova_-_Grbavica_Stadium_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Dolina_cupova_-_Grbavica_Stadium_2015.jpg/440px-Dolina_cupova_-_Grbavica_Stadium_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2444" data-file-height="1334" /></a><figcaption>The locomotive at the stadium of <a href="/wiki/FK_%C5%BDeljezni%C4%8Dar_Sarajevo" title="FK Željezničar Sarajevo">FK Željezničar</a>, formed by railway employees.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/FK_%C5%BDeljezni%C4%8Dar_Sarajevo" title="FK Željezničar Sarajevo">Fudbalski klub Željezničar</a> (English: Football Club Željezničar) is a Bosnian professional football club based in <a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>. The name Željezničar means "railway worker", because it was established by a group of railway workers. Another working-class football club from Bosnia is <a href="/wiki/NK_%C4%8Celik_Zenica" title="NK Čelik Zenica">NK Čelik</a> (lit. <i><abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr></i><span> FC Steel</span>) from <a href="/wiki/Zenica" title="Zenica">Zenica</a>, which was founded by the workers of the iron and <a href="/wiki/Steel_mill" title="Steel mill">steel mill</a> in Zenica. Being a mineral-rich country, with many mines all over Bosnia, led to establishment of several clubs named FK Rudar (<i><abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr></i><span> FC Miner</span>), such as <a href="/wiki/FK_Rudar_Prijedor" title="FK Rudar Prijedor">FK Rudar Prijedor</a>, <a href="/wiki/FK_Rudar_Ugljevik" title="FK Rudar Ugljevik">FK Rudar Ugljevik</a>, <a href="/wiki/FK_Rudar_Kakanj" title="FK Rudar Kakanj">FK Rudar Kakanj</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=FK_Rudar_Breza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FK Rudar Breza (page does not exist)">FK Rudar Breza</a>, while other clubs are simply called FK Radnik or FK Radnički (<i><abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr></i><span> Laborer</span> – transl.<span> Worker's</span>), such as <a href="/wiki/FK_Radnik_Bijeljina" title="FK Radnik Bijeljina">FK Radnik Bijeljina</a>, <a href="/wiki/FK_Radnik_Had%C5%BEi%C4%87i" title="FK Radnik Hadžići">FK Radnik Hadžići</a>, and <a href="/wiki/FK_Radni%C4%8Dki_Lukavac" title="FK Radnički Lukavac">FK Radnički Lukavac</a>. </p><p>More clubs in former Yugoslavia were formed by <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Railways" title="Yugoslav Railways">Yugoslav Railways</a> employees, for instance, Serbian club <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDAK_Subotica" title="ŽAK Subotica">ŽAK Subotica</a> (Železničarski atletski klub Subotica, translation <i>Railways athletic club Subotica</i>) was a club formed and backed throughout its existence by the railways company. It was dissolved in 1945. In its place the new socialist authorities which replaced the monarchy in Yugoslavia formed <a href="/wiki/FK_Spartak_Subotica" title="FK Spartak Subotica">FK Spartak Subotica</a> which kept tight links with the railways company.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Željezničar Sarajevo, ŽAK Subotica and Spartak Subotica are the railways-backed clubs with best performances in the league, but besides these there were many others such as <a href="/wiki/FK_%C5%BDAK_Kikinda" title="FK ŽAK Kikinda">ŽAK Kikinda</a>, <a href="/wiki/FK_%C5%BDelezni%C4%8Dar_Beograd" title="FK Železničar Beograd">Železničar Belgrade</a>, <a href="/wiki/FK_%C5%BDelezni%C4%8Dar_Smederevo" class="mw-redirect" title="FK Železničar Smederevo">Železničar Smederevo</a>, <a href="/wiki/FK_%C5%BDelezni%C4%8Dar_Lajkovac" title="FK Železničar Lajkovac">Železničar Lajkovac</a>, <a href="/wiki/FK_%C5%BDelezni%C4%8Dar_Ni%C5%A1" title="FK Železničar Niš">Železničar Niš</a>, in Serbia, and <a href="/wiki/FK_%C5%BDeljezni%C4%8Dar_Doboj" title="FK Željezničar Doboj">Željezničar Doboj</a> in Bosnia. In other parts of Yugoslavia there are other cases, in North Macedonia, <a href="/wiki/FK_Rabotni%C4%8Dki" class="mw-redirect" title="FK Rabotnički">FK Rabotnički</a> became owned in 1949 by the labour union of the railways company.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The link between the club and the railways was kept ever since with their followers even nowadays are known as <i>Železničari</i> and the railways simbol is part of club's logo. In Slovenia the railways had one club in each one of the two main Slovenian cites, <a href="/wiki/NK_%C5%BDelezni%C4%8Dar_Maribor" title="NK Železničar Maribor">NK Železničar Maribor</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/NK_%C5%BDelezni%C4%8Dar_Ljubljana" class="mw-redirect" title="NK Železničar Ljubljana">NK Železničar Ljubljana</a>. In relation with railways, Serbian club <a href="/wiki/GFK_Jasenica_1911" title="GFK Jasenica 1911">GFK Jasenica 1911</a> became known during the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s as FK Mladost GOŠA because at that period the club was backed by the GOŠA, a former train wagons factory from <a href="/wiki/Smederevska_Palanka" title="Smederevska Palanka">Smederevska Palanka</a>. </p><p>Other cases in Yugoslavia include <a href="/wiki/HNK_Borovo" title="HNK Borovo">HNK Borovo</a>, which was formed in 1933 as SK BATA Borovo. The club was formed as the promotional team for the <a href="/wiki/Bata_Shoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Bata Shoes">Bata Shoes</a> factory in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Borovo_naselje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Borovo naselje (page does not exist)">Borovo</a> and it was founded by the BATA company founder, <a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Ba%C5%A5a" title="Tomáš Baťa">Tomáš Baťa</a> himself.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company had already earlier in 1922 became owner of the Czech club <a href="/wiki/FC_Fastav_Zl%C3%ADn" class="mw-redirect" title="FC Fastav Zlín">FC Zlín</a> which was known between 1924 and 1948 as SK Bata Zlin.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The best well known success story of a company and football club connection in Yugoslavia was the one of <a href="/wiki/FK_Zemun" title="FK Zemun">FK Zemun</a>. <a href="/wiki/Zemun" title="Zemun">Zemun</a>, a city just in the outskirts of capital <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>, was known for many home-born notable players and some more or less successful football clubs ever since first half of the 1920s. SK Sparta Zemun played in the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_First_League" title="Yugoslav First League">Yugoslav First League</a> still in the 1930s. However, two decades after the end of the Second World War, the city had just a big number of small lower-leagues clubs. At that time Zemun was also home of <a href="/wiki/Galenika_a.d." title="Galenika a.d.">Galenika a.d.</a>, a leading <a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmaceutical company">pharmaceutical company</a> in Yugoslavia and one of the major of all South-Eastern Europe. The company owned a small club, FK Galenika, however by the late 1960s they decided to play a bigger role in football. FK Jedinstvo Zemun was at time the leading club in the city. In 1962 they achieved promotion to the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Second_League" title="Yugoslav Second League">Yugoslav Second League</a> but they managed to stay at that level just two seasons. In 1969 they were playing third level, the Serbian Republic League, and were struggling financially. It was then that Galenika decided to take over the club and by merging it with its own minor club they formed FK Galenika Zemun. The company injected resources and backed the club financially, and the results immediately stated to show up. Right in the first season the club managed promotion back to the Yugoslav Second League where they will become among the strongest teams in the following decade. After several failed attempts Galenika Zemun achieved promotion to the Yugoslav First League in 1982 and that same year they reached the semi-finals of the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Cup" title="Yugoslav Cup">Yugoslav Cup</a>. Playing in the Yugoslav top level, during the 1980s the club played side-by-side with the big ones such as <a href="/wiki/Red_Star_Belgrade" title="Red Star Belgrade">Red Star</a>, <a href="/wiki/FK_Partizan" title="FK Partizan">Partizan Belgrade</a>, <a href="/wiki/HNK_Hajduk_Split" title="HNK Hajduk Split">Hajduk Split</a> or <a href="/wiki/GNK_Dinamo_Zagreb" title="GNK Dinamo Zagreb">Dinamo Zagreb</a>, and Yugoslav football fans all became well aware of the name FK Galenika Zemun. Later, by the early 1990s the wars and the break-up of Yugoslavia started, Galenika suffered the financially asphyxiating consequences of the economic sanctions imposed to Serbia. The company had to drop its backing to the club and the club dropped the company name and became known just as FK Zemun. They managed to survive for some time during the 1990s in the <a href="/wiki/First_League_of_FR_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="First League of FR Yugoslavia">First League of FR Yugoslavia</a>, however the results were being worse each year, and by the turn of the millennium FK Zemun was relegated to the lower-leagues with just few occasional but flashy and inconsistent comebacks. Easy to conclude how the presence of Galenika in the club was fundamental for them to archive results and stability and without them Zemun supporters can only remember nostalgically the period when the club had its golden era thanks to the perfect wedding with a major local pharmaceutical company. </p><p>One of those minor clubs that emerged in Zemun was <a href="/wiki/SK_Na%C5%A1a_Krila_Zemun" class="mw-redirect" title="SK Naša Krila Zemun">SK Naša Krila Zemun</a> (<i>Naša Krila</i> means <i>Our Wings</i>), which existed only for three years between 1947 and 1950, and was formed and owned by the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Air_Force" title="Yugoslav Air Force">Yugoslav Air Force</a>. The club managed to achieve an impressive record for such a short existence, making its presence in two seasons in the Yugoslav First League and reaching the Yugoslav Cup final in 1947 and 1949. While the Yugoslav Air Force created its club in Serbia in Zemun, a suburb of the capital Belgrade, the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Navy" title="Yugoslav Navy">Yugoslav Navy</a> created their club in Croatia, in the major Yugoslav port, <a href="/wiki/Split,_Croatia" title="Split, Croatia">Split</a>, and named it NK Mornar Split. However, just as Naša Krila, the club was short-lived: it was formed in 1946 and disbanded two years later, and by the 1960s a new club, which was formed by a merger of a number of smaller ones, was making its way to the high end of Yugoslav football. </p><p>Serbian club <a href="/wiki/FK_Smederevo_1924" title="FK Smederevo 1924">FK Smederevo 1924</a> was founded as a local iron factory SARTID football team. The club will be known by the company name since its foundation, in 1924, until 1944 when it became nationalised. In 1992, it will restore the name Sartid just as the club ownership returned to the Sartid metallurgical company and this state of affairs will remain till 2004, the year the company, by then now owned by <a href="/wiki/U.S._Steel" title="U.S. Steel">U.S. Steel</a>, left the direction of the club. </p><p>There are many other cases in Serbia, specially among medium-size clubs and their main local companies, such as <a href="/wiki/FK_%C4%8Cukari%C4%8Dki" title="FK Čukarički">FK Čukarički</a> (known as Čukarički Stankom between 2001 and 2011 when it was owned by Stankom company), <a href="/wiki/FK_Hajduk_Kula" title="FK Hajduk Kula">FK Hajduk Kula</a> (known as FK Hajduk Rodić during the period it was backed by the Rodić company), <a href="/wiki/FK_Javor_Ivanjica" title="FK Javor Ivanjica">FK Javor Ivanjica</a> (known since summer 2014 as FK Javor Matis due to its backing from local Matis company), <a href="/wiki/FK_Sloboda_U%C5%BEice" title="FK Sloboda Užice">FK Sloboda Užice</a> (known as FK Sloboda Point Sevojno after its merger with FK Sevojno in 2010 and backing from Point company), <a href="/wiki/FK_%C4%8CSK_Pivara" class="mw-redirect" title="FK ČSK Pivara">ČSK Čelarevo</a> (also known as ČSK Pivara, owned and closely related throughout its history by beer manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Pivara_%C4%8Celarevo" class="mw-redirect" title="Pivara Čelarevo">Pivara Čelarevo</a>), <a href="/wiki/FK_Mladost_Apatin" title="FK Mladost Apatin">FK Mladost Apatin</a> (formed by the owner of a local clothing factory Tri Zvezde, it was named since its foundation in 1924 till 1950 as SK Tri Zvezde and during that time most of the players of the squad were also employees at the factory<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Former_Soviet_Union">Former Soviet Union</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Works_team&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Former Soviet Union"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Voluntary_Sports_Societies_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Voluntary Sports Societies of the Soviet Union">Voluntary Sports Societies of the Soviet Union</a></div> <p>A widespread works team system formed the basis of amateur sport in the Soviet Union, with virtually all workplaces and industries having sport teams. The system also provided the support for <i>de facto</i> professional athletes, who were employees of various non-sport agencies and enterprises and officially designated as amateurs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="North_America">North America</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Works_team&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: North America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bethlehem_Steel_F.C._(1907%E2%80%9330)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bethlehem Steel F.C. (1907–30)">Bethlehem Steel F.C.</a>, which holds a record number of <a href="/wiki/U.S._Open_Cup" title="U.S. Open Cup">U.S. Open Cup</a> wins, was the factory team of the <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem_Steel" title="Bethlehem Steel">Bethlehem Steel</a> Corporation in Pennsylvania. The <a href="/wiki/New_York_Red_Bulls" title="New York Red Bulls">New York Red Bulls</a> is a well-known company team in the US. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Mexico">Mexico</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Works_team&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Mexico"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the most popular teams in Mexico, <a href="/wiki/Cruz_Azul" title="Cruz Azul">Cruz Azul</a>, is a works team owned by <a href="/wiki/Cooperativa_La_Cruz_Azul,_S.C.L." title="Cooperativa La Cruz Azul, S.C.L.">Cooperativa La Cruz Azul, S.C.L.</a>, an industrial cement company. The team was formed on 22 May 1927 by some of the company's workers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="South_America">South America</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Works_team&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: South America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Argentina">Argentina</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Works_team&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Argentina"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several Argentinian clubs began life as the works teams of British-owned railway companies, including <a href="/wiki/Rosario_Central" title="Rosario Central">Rosario Central</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talleres_de_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Talleres de Córdoba">Talleres de Córdoba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferro_Carril_Oeste" title="Ferro Carril Oeste">Ferro Carril Oeste</a>, <a href="/wiki/Club_Ferrocarril_Midland" title="Club Ferrocarril Midland">Club Ferrocarril Midland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Club_Atl%C3%A9tico_Central_C%C3%B3rdoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Club Atlético Central Córdoba">Club Atlético Central Córdoba</a>. Club <a href="/wiki/Deportivo_Mandiy%C3%BA" title="Deportivo Mandiyú">Deportivo Mandiyú</a>, also referred to as Mandiyú, is an <a href="/wiki/Argentine_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Argentine football">Argentine football</a> club, based in <a href="/wiki/Corrientes" title="Corrientes">Corrientes</a>, in the Province of the same name. The club was founded under the name "Club Deportivo Tipoiti" on 14 December 1952, by a group of textile workers from the Tipoiti textile factory in Corrientes, Argentina. Because the <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Football_Association" title="Argentine Football Association">Argentine Football Association</a> did not accept commercial company names, the club had to change its name to "Club Deportivo Mandiyú", which means cotton in the indigenous language of <a href="/wiki/Guarani_dialects" title="Guarani dialects">Guaraní</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Brazil">Brazil</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Works_team&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Brazil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Brazil, clubs that were born as works teams include São Paulo Railway (now <a href="/wiki/Nacional_Atl%C3%A9tico_Clube_(SP)" title="Nacional Atlético Clube (SP)">Nacional</a>), Cotonifício Rodolfo Crespi (now <a href="/wiki/Clube_Atl%C3%A9tico_Juventus" title="Clube Atlético Juventus">Juventus</a>), <a href="/wiki/Sport_Club_Corinthians_Paulista" title="Sport Club Corinthians Paulista">Sport Club Corinthians Paulista</a> (also a <a href="/wiki/Sporting_club" class="mw-redirect" title="Sporting club">sporting club</a>, formed by railway workers), and <a href="/wiki/Bangu_Atl%C3%A9tico_Clube" title="Bangu Atlético Clube">Bangu</a>. <a href="/wiki/Artsul_Futebol_Clube" title="Artsul Futebol Clube">Artsul</a> (concrete industry), <a href="/wiki/Associa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Desportiva_Recreativa_e_Cultural_Icasa" title="Associação Desportiva Recreativa e Cultural Icasa">Icasa</a> (cotton industry) and <a href="/wiki/Red_Bull_Bragantino" title="Red Bull Bragantino">Red Bull Bragantino</a> (energy drink industry) are examples of football teams established and backed by companies, also known as company teams. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Ecuador">Ecuador</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Works_team&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Ecuador"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Ecuador, a perfect example of a works team is <a href="/wiki/CS_Emelec" class="mw-redirect" title="CS Emelec">CS Emelec</a>, which was founded by the <a href="/wiki/Empresa_El%C3%A9ctrica_del_Ecuador" title="Empresa Eléctrica del Ecuador">Empresa Eléctrica del Ecuador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guayaquil" title="Guayaquil">Guayaquil</a>'s first electric company. For several decades, Emelec's players and directors were employees in the company, though such involvement decreased gradually until the company eventually folded in the 2000s (decade), the club being de facto autonomous for decades before. <a href="/wiki/Sociedad_Deportiva_Aucas" class="mw-redirect" title="Sociedad Deportiva Aucas">Sociedad Deportiva Aucas</a> is another important works team in Ecuador. Historically the most popular team in <a href="/wiki/Quito" title="Quito">Quito</a>, Aucas was founded and initially integrated and financed by employees of <a href="/wiki/Royal_Dutch_Shell" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Dutch Shell">Royal Dutch Shell</a>. They named the club after the <a href="/wiki/Huaorani" class="mw-redirect" title="Huaorani">Huaorani</a> tribes that they encountered while prospecting for oil in the Ecuadorian Amazonian jungles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Peru">Peru</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Works_team&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Peru"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Peru, <a href="/wiki/Club_Alianza_Lima" title="Club Alianza Lima">Club Alianza Lima</a> was founded as Sport Alianza in 1901 by workers in the Alianza Racing Horse Stud, then property of two-time President of Peru <a href="/wiki/Augusto_B._Legu%C3%ADa" title="Augusto B. Leguía">Augusto B. Leguía</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Uruguay">Uruguay</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Works_team&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Uruguay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Uruguay has one of the best known clubs that began as a works team: <a href="/wiki/Central_Uruguay_Railway_Cricket_Club" title="Central Uruguay Railway Cricket Club">Central Uruguay Railway Cricket Club</a>, or just CURCC, which was the basis for the later foundation of <a href="/wiki/Club_Atl%C3%A9tico_Pe%C3%B1arol" class="mw-redirect" title="Club Atlético Peñarol">Peñarol</a>, one of the top two clubs in that country. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Baseball">Baseball</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Works_team&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Baseball"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the early days of baseball, most teams were composed of amateurs, and many of these teams were composed of players who worked for a business, such as a factory or railroad yard. As the profile of the sport rose, professional teams began to dominate and the factory teams faded away.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Japan, teams playing in the <a href="/wiki/Nippon_Professional_Baseball" title="Nippon Professional Baseball">Nippon Professional Baseball</a> leagues, like the <a href="/wiki/Fukuoka_SoftBank_Hawks" title="Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks">Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks</a>, a prominent professional baseball team owned by the <a href="/wiki/SoftBank_Group" title="SoftBank Group">SoftBank Group</a>, are company teams which employ the name of their owners in their official team names and logos.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other company teams belonging to major corporations competing in the main Japanese professional baseball leagues include <a href="/wiki/Chiba_Lotte_Marines" title="Chiba Lotte Marines">Chiba Lotte Marines</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lotte_Holdings" title="Lotte Holdings">Lotte Holdings</a>), <a href="/wiki/Hokkaido_Nippon-Ham_Fighters" title="Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters">Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nippon_Ham" title="Nippon Ham">Nippon Ham Co., Ltd</a>), <a href="/wiki/Tohoku_Rakuten_Golden_Eagles" title="Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles">Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rakuten" title="Rakuten">Rakuten</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Yakult_Swallows" title="Tokyo Yakult Swallows">Tokyo Yakult Swallows</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yakult_Honsha" title="Yakult Honsha">Yakult Honsha</a>), among others. </p> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><div class="excerpt"> <p>Amateur baseball leagues exist all over Japan, with many teams sponsored by companies. Amateur baseball is governed by the Japan Amateur Baseball Association (JABA). Players on these teams are employed by their sponsoring companies and receive salaries as company employees, not as baseball players. The best teams in these circuits are determined via the <a href="/wiki/Intercity_baseball_tournament" title="Intercity baseball tournament">intercity baseball tournament</a> and the Industrial League national tournament.<sup id="cite_ref-Baseball_in_Japan_ryo_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baseball_in_Japan_ryo-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> The level of play in these leagues is very competitive; Industrial League players are often selected to represent Japan in international tournaments<sup id="cite_ref-Baseball_in_Japan_ryo_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baseball_in_Japan_ryo-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Major League Baseball players such as <a href="/wiki/Hideo_Nomo" title="Hideo Nomo">Hideo Nomo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nippon_Steel" title="Nippon Steel">Shin-Nitetsu Sakai</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Junichi_Tazawa" title="Junichi Tazawa">Junichi Tazawa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nippon_Oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Nippon Oil">Nippon Oil</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Kosuke_Fukudome" title="Kosuke Fukudome">Kosuke Fukudome</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nippon_Life" title="Nippon Life">Nihon Seimei</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have been discovered by professional clubs while playing industrial baseball.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basketball">Basketball</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Works_team&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Basketball"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Philippines">Philippines</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Works_team&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Philippines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most professional sports teams in the Philippines until recently, have been owned by companies, and leagues are exclusively participated at by these teams. Examples of such leagues include the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Basketball_Association" title="Philippine Basketball Association">Philippine Basketball Association</a>, and formerly the <a href="/wiki/Manila_Industrial_and_Commercial_Athletic_Association" title="Manila Industrial and Commercial Athletic Association">Manila Industrial and Commercial Athletic Association</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Basketball_League" title="Philippine Basketball League">Philippine Basketball League</a>. </p><p>Recent developments saw the emergence of leagues with teams based on localities, such as the <a href="/wiki/Maharlika_Pilipinas_Basketball_League" title="Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League">Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_League_(Philippines)" title="National Basketball League (Philippines)">National Basketball League</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Portugal_2">Portugal</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Works_team&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Portugal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Clube_Portugal_Telecom" title="Clube Portugal Telecom">Clube Portugal Telecom</a>, commonly known as Portugal Telecom, was a <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a> team based in <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>, Portugal. The club, a company team, was founded in 1996 and was owned by <a href="/wiki/Portugal_Telecom" class="mw-redirect" title="Portugal Telecom">Portugal Telecom</a>, the largest telecommunications service provider in the country. It was dissolved in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cycling">Cycling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Works_team&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Cycling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many <a href="/wiki/Union_Cycliste_Internationale" title="Union Cycliste Internationale">Union Cycliste Internationale</a> (UCI) professional cycling teams are owned, sponsored and managed by companies in order to raise <a href="/wiki/Brand_awareness" title="Brand awareness">awareness</a> of those companies' <a href="/wiki/Brand" title="Brand">brands</a>. These cycling teams are usually named after those companies and brands in a premeditated attempt to boost those companies' <a href="/wiki/Marketing_strategy" title="Marketing strategy">marketing strategy</a>. Examples of this have been found in many different geographical locations and markets around the world and throughout the history of the sport. <a href="/wiki/UCI_WorldTeam" title="UCI WorldTeam">UCI WorldTeam</a> is the term used by the UCI to name a cycling team of the highest category in professional road cycling and many have been backed by commercial brands to such an extent that the team name became interchangeable with the commercial brand behind it. Until the mid-1950s professional cycling sponsorship was limited to manufacturing companies in the bicycle business. In 1954, when the European post-war bike boom ended, European bike companies became financially stressed. In 1953, the <a href="/wiki/Ganna_(cycling_team)" title="Ganna (cycling team)">Ganna bike company's racing team</a> told its top rider <a href="/wiki/Fiorenzo_Magni" title="Fiorenzo Magni">Fiorenzo Magni</a> that it would be unable to maintain the team in the following season. Magni was well-connected with the German <a href="/wiki/Nivea" title="Nivea">Nivea</a> brand because the riders used Nivea products to soften the chamois in their shorts. When Magni signed the cosmetic company as his team's title sponsor, he spearheaded a new trend in cycling where teams became part and parcel of many companies' marketing strategy.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Peugeot_(cycling_team)" title="Peugeot (cycling team)">Peugeot's cycling team</a>, a fully-fledged factory team or company team in cycling by definition since <a href="/wiki/Peugeot" title="Peugeot">Peugeot</a> founded the team and produced its bikes, is listed on <a href="/wiki/Cycling_Ranking" title="Cycling Ranking">cyclingranking.com</a> as the most successful cycling team of all time, with a large margin on the second placed team, <a href="/wiki/Alcyon_(cycling_team)" title="Alcyon (cycling team)">Alcyon</a> (started by Alcyon, a French bicycle, automobile and motorcycle manufacturer).<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rugby_union">Rugby union</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Works_team&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Rugby union"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Currently the strongest works teams are in Asia. The <a href="/wiki/Top_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Top League">Top League</a> in Japan features teams such as <a href="/wiki/Suntory_Sungoliath" class="mw-redirect" title="Suntory Sungoliath">Suntory Sungoliath</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Verblitz" title="Toyota Verblitz">Toyota Verblitz</a> and <a href="/wiki/IBM_Big_Blue_(rugby_union)" title="IBM Big Blue (rugby union)">IBM Big Blue</a>. <a href="/wiki/Samsung_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Samsung Group">Samsung</a> has a team in the Korean league. </p><p>United Kingdom's <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby union</a> too has a works team tradition going back many decades, and although the clubs have declined post professionalism in heartland countries, it has not been completely extinguished. As late as 1988 the Wales captain played his club rugby for South Wales Police. As of 2017, Tata Steel play in the Second Flight of the WRU Club Pyramid. The British Army still plays occasional matches against clubs, and has won the Middlesex Sevens in the 2000s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works_or_factory_teams_in_motorsport">Works or factory teams in motorsport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Works_team&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Works or factory teams in motorsport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Factory-backed" title="Factory-backed">Factory-backed</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KTM_MotoGP-Maschinen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/KTM_MotoGP-Maschinen.jpg/220px-KTM_MotoGP-Maschinen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/KTM_MotoGP-Maschinen.jpg/330px-KTM_MotoGP-Maschinen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/KTM_MotoGP-Maschinen.jpg/440px-KTM_MotoGP-Maschinen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3280" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Red_Bull_KTM_Factory_Racing" title="Red Bull KTM Factory Racing">Red Bull KTM Factory Racing</a>, a joint factory-backed team of <a href="/wiki/KTM" title="KTM">KTM</a> and company team of <a href="/wiki/Red_Bull" title="Red Bull">Red Bull</a> in <a href="/wiki/Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing" title="Grand Prix motorcycle racing">Grand Prix motorcycle racing</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Motorsport" title="Motorsport">motorsport</a>, the most well-established or traditional definition of a works team or factory-backed team is a manufacturer that builds its own car or motorbike including the engine.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a broader sense, it can also be any team that is financed and run by a manufacturer or other business, institution, or organization. <a href="/wiki/Scuderia_Ferrari" title="Scuderia Ferrari">Scuderia Ferrari</a> is a notable example of a works team or factory-backed team in <a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several factory-backed <a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_racing" title="Motorcycle racing">motorcycle racing</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_Rally_Championship" title="World Rally Championship">World Rally Championship</a> teams exist as well. The creation of the <a href="/wiki/World_Sportscar_Championship" title="World Sportscar Championship">World Sports Car Championship</a> in 1953 changed motorsport deeply and was marked by the establishment of teams like Ferrari, <a href="/wiki/Aston_Martin_in_Formula_One" title="Aston Martin in Formula One">Aston Martin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_in_Formula_One" title="Mercedes-Benz in Formula One">Mercedes-Benz</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Racing" title="Jaguar Racing">Jaguar</a>, which began to enter multiple factory backed cars or works cars to compete.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Red_Bull_GmbH" title="Red Bull GmbH">Red Bull GmbH</a> entered Formula One in 2005 after creating its own company team <a href="/wiki/Red_Bull_Racing" title="Red Bull Racing">Red Bull Racing</a>, and in 2022 had started the development of comprehensive <a href="/wiki/In-house" class="mw-redirect" title="In-house">in-house</a> capabilities in order to secure the production of <a href="/wiki/Red_Bull_Powertrains" title="Red Bull Powertrains">its own powertrains</a> by 2026.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 2010s, many works teams, also known as factory-backed teams in the context of motorsport, entered the newly created <a href="/wiki/Formula_E" title="Formula E">Formula E</a> open-wheel electric motorsport series.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Professional_or_semi-professional_college_and_university_teams">Professional or semi-professional college and university teams</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Works_team&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Professional or semi-professional college and university teams"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A number of college and university teams around the world have played professionally or <a href="/wiki/Semi-professional_sports" title="Semi-professional sports">semi-professionally</a> while competing in the main top level leagues and championships of their countries instead of competing in <a href="/wiki/College_sports" title="College sports">university/college level sport</a>. This includes:<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Chile: <a href="/wiki/Club_Deportivo_Universidad_Cat%C3%B3lica" title="Club Deportivo Universidad Católica">Club Deportivo Universidad Católica</a>; <a href="/wiki/Club_Universidad_de_Chile" title="Club Universidad de Chile">Club Universidad de Chile</a></li> <li>China: <a href="/wiki/Beijing_Institute_of_Technology_F.C." title="Beijing Institute of Technology F.C.">Beijing Institute of Technology F.C.</a></li> <li>Ireland: <a href="/wiki/University_College_Dublin_A.F.C." title="University College Dublin A.F.C.">University College Dublin A.F.C.</a>; <a href="/wiki/University_College_Cork_A.F.C." title="University College Cork A.F.C.">University College Cork A.F.C.</a></li> <li>Mexico: <a href="/wiki/Club_Universidad_de_Guadalajara" class="mw-redirect" title="Club Universidad de Guadalajara">Club Universidad de Guadalajara</a>; <a href="/wiki/Club_Universidad_Nacional" title="Club Universidad Nacional">Club Universidad Nacional</a>; <a href="/wiki/Tigres_UANL" title="Tigres UANL">Tigres UANL</a></li> <li>Moldova: <a href="/wiki/FC_Academia_Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u" title="FC Academia Chișinău">FC Academia Chișinău</a></li> <li>Portugal: <a href="/wiki/AEIS_Agronomia" title="AEIS Agronomia">AEIS Agronomia</a> (student's union); <a href="/wiki/Coimbra_Academic_Association" title="Coimbra Academic Association">Associação Académica de Coimbra</a> (student's union); <a href="/wiki/Centro_Desportivo_Universit%C3%A1rio_de_Lisboa" title="Centro Desportivo Universitário de Lisboa">CDUL</a>; <a href="/wiki/Centro_Desportivo_Universit%C3%A1rio_do_Porto" title="Centro Desportivo Universitário do Porto">CDUP</a>; <a href="/wiki/C._R._T%C3%A9cnico" title="C. R. Técnico">C. R. Técnico</a></li> <li>Romania: <a href="/wiki/FC_Politehnica_Ia%C8%99i_(1945)" title="FC Politehnica Iași (1945)">FC Politehnica Iași</a>; <a href="/wiki/FC_Politehnica_Timi%C8%99oara" title="FC Politehnica Timișoara">FC Politehnica Timișoara</a>; <a href="/wiki/FC_Universitatea_Cluj" title="FC Universitatea Cluj">FC Universitatea Cluj</a>; <a href="/wiki/FC_U_Craiova_1948" title="FC U Craiova 1948">FC U Craiova</a></li> <li>South Africa: <a href="/wiki/Bidvest_Wits_F.C." title="Bidvest Wits F.C.">Bidvest Wits F.C.</a>; <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pretoria_F.C." title="University of Pretoria F.C.">University of Pretoria F.C.</a></li> <li>United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Metropolitan_University_F.C." title="Cardiff Metropolitan University F.C.">Cardiff Metropolitan University F.C.</a> (<a href="/wiki/Inter_Cardiff_F.C." title="Inter Cardiff F.C.">Inter Cardiff F.C.</a> which was once called Inter CableTel A.F.C. after the <a href="/wiki/CableTel" class="mw-redirect" title="CableTel">CableTel</a> company, merged with Cardiff Metropolitan University to form the club in 2000); <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_University_Belfast_A.F.C." title="Queen's University Belfast A.F.C.">Queen's University Belfast A.F.C.</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Stirling_Football_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Stirling Football Club (page does not exist)">University of Stirling Football Club</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Works_team&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Factory-backed" title="Factory-backed">Factory-backed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_club" title="Sports club">Sports club</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Works_team&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEvans2020" class="citation web cs1">Evans, Chris (6 November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thesetpieces.com/latest-posts/a-history-of-work-teams-the-famous-clubs-with-roots-in-industry/">"A history of work teams: The famous clubs with roots in industry"</a>. <i>The Set Pieces</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Tornou-se meio burguês, a coberto de ser popular"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>SAPO 24</i> (in Portuguese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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A lei da rolha é outra num futebol que vê a floresta além das árvores"</a>. <i>www.bancada.pt</i> (in European Portuguese). 7 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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