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Thus, an initiative to" /> <title>(PDF) An Analysis of Major Accident in the Us Chemical Safety Board (CSB) Database | Hamidah Kamarden - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/50294520/An_Analysis_of_Major_Accident_in_the_Us_Chemical_Safety_Board_CSB_Database" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '92477ec68c09d28ae4730a4143c926f074776319'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732779555000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732779555000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"Accident rate in the chemical process industry (CPI) is high and causing loss of lives, massive property and environmental damage. Continuous improvement on accident knowledge and understanding is vital for process safety. Thus, an initiative to study the latest trends of accident was taken by analyzing 75 completed investigation reports of US Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB) accident cases occurred in CPI from 1995 to 2011. The result of the analysis shows that the CPI accepted the concept of Prevention trough Design (PtD). However, 71% of accident cases are similar due to incorrect corrective action taken. 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Continuous improvement on accident knowledge and understanding is vital for process safety. Thus, an initiative to study the latest trends of accident was taken by analyzing 75 completed investigation reports of US Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB) accident cases occurred in CPI from 1995 to 2011. The result of the analysis shows that the CPI accepted the concept of Prevention trough Design (PtD). However, 71% of accident cases are similar due to incorrect corrective action taken. ","publisher":"Penerbit UTM Press","publication_name":"Jurnal Teknologi"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"An Analysis of Major Accident in the Us Chemical Safety Board (CSB) Database","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [23478264]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":68334579,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “An Analysis of Major Accident in the Us Chemical Safety Board (CSB) Database”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/68334579/mini_magick20210727-23255-10dmglm.png?1627382330" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">An Analysis of Major Accident in the Us Chemical Safety Board (CSB) Database</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="23478264" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HKamarden"><img alt="Profile image of Hamidah Kamarden" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Hamidah Kamarden</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">Jurnal Teknologi</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">8 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 50294520; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=50294520"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { const viewCountNumber = Number(viewCount); if (!viewCountNumber) { throw new Error('Failed to parse view count'); } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (viewCountBody) { viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } else { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Accident rate in the chemical process industry (CPI) is high and causing loss of lives, massive property and environmental damage. Continuous improvement on accident knowledge and understanding is vital for process safety. Thus, an initiative to study the latest trends of accident was taken by analyzing 75 completed investigation reports of US Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB) accident cases occurred in CPI from 1995 to 2011. The result of the analysis shows that the CPI accepted the concept of Prevention trough Design (PtD). However, 71% of accident cases are similar due to incorrect corrective action taken. </p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":68334579,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/50294520/An_Analysis_of_Major_Accident_in_the_Us_Chemical_Safety_Board_CSB_Database"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":68334579,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/50294520/An_Analysis_of_Major_Accident_in_the_Us_Chemical_Safety_Board_CSB_Database"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" 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18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/70649412/Technical_Analysis_of_Accident_in_Chemical_Process_Industry_and_Lessons_Learnt"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="96223747" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/96223747/Analysis_of_Main_Accident_Contributor_According_to_Process_Safety_Management_Elements_Failure">Analysis of Main Accident Contributor According to Process Safety Management Elements Failure</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="139217206" href="https://teknologimalaysia.academia.edu/HamidahKamarden">Hamidah Kamarden</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Chemical engineering transactions, 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Process safety management (PSM) covers the aspect of process hazard identification, understanding the level of risk and hazard reduction to prevent process-related failures. The need for understanding on how the process safety elements fail is essential in improving the quality of the accidents prevention effort. In this paper, the contributions of PSM element to chemical process accident are studied using major process failures in the chemical process industry (CPI). Around 770 major accident cases were collected and analysed from several accident data base such as Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB-US), European Major Accident Reporting System (EMARS), Failure Knowledge Database (FKD-Japan) and Accident Reporting Information Analysis (ARIA). The PSM element failures were ranked in accordance to their frequency and importance in accident prevention. Based on the result, majority of the element failure is classified as design and technical reasons (53 % of total pro...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Analysis of Main Accident Contributor According to Process Safety Management Elements Failure","attachmentId":98181861,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/96223747/Analysis_of_Main_Accident_Contributor_According_to_Process_Safety_Management_Elements_Failure","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/96223747/Analysis_of_Main_Accident_Contributor_According_to_Process_Safety_Management_Elements_Failure"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="121489682" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/121489682/Hazards_and_Safety_in_Process_Industries">Hazards and Safety in Process Industries</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="38879257" href="https://iit-g.academia.edu/PIYALMONDAL">PIYAL MONDAL</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2021</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Hazards and Safety in Process Industries","attachmentId":116350174,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/121489682/Hazards_and_Safety_in_Process_Industries","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/121489682/Hazards_and_Safety_in_Process_Industries"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="2648247" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2648247/Development_of_a_new_chemical_process_industry_accident_database_to_assist_in_past_accident_analysis">Development of a new chemical process-industry accident database to assist in past accident analysis</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1786574" href="https://pondiuni-anthropology.academia.edu/SyedTauseef">Syed Tauseef</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries, 2011</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Past accident analysis (PAA) is one of the most potent and oft-used exercises for gaining insights into the reasons why accidents occur in chemical process industry (CPI) and the damage they cause. PAA provides invaluable ‘wisdom of hindsight’ with which strategies to prevent accidents or cushion the impact of inevitable accidents can be developed.A number of databases maintain record of past accidents in CPI. The most comprehensive of the existing databases include Major Hazard Incident Data Service (MHIDAS), Major Accident Reporting System (MARS), and Failure and Accidents Technical Information Systems (FACTS). But each of these databases have some limitations. For example MHIDAS can be accessed only after paying a substantial fee. Moreover, as detailed in the paper, it is not infallible and has some inaccuracies. Other databases, besides having similar problems, are seldom confined to accidents in chemical process industries but also cover accidents from other domains such as nuclear power plants, construction industry, and natural disasters. This makes them difficult to use for PAA relating to CPI. Operational injuries not related to loss of containment, are also often included. Moreover, the detailing of events doesn’t follow a consistent pattern or classification; a good deal of relevant information is either missing or is misclassified.The present work is an attempt to develop a comprehensive open-source database to assist PAA. To this end, information on about 8000 accidents, available in different open-source clearing houses has been brought into a new database named by us PUPAD (Pondicherry University Process-industry Accident Database). Multiple and overlapping accident records have been carefully eliminated and a search engine has been developed for retrieval of the records on the basis of appropriate classification. PUPAD doesn’t aim to replace or substitute the well established databases such as MHIDAS and MARS but, rather, aims to compliment them.► A novel database covering over 8000 records of accidents in the chemical process industry is presented. ► A comparison indicates that the new database can complement the existing ones and help reduce the uncertainties associated with past accident analysis. ► The novelty and widespread utility of the work justifies its publication in the journal.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Development of a new chemical process-industry accident database to assist in past accident analysis","attachmentId":50553316,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2648247/Development_of_a_new_chemical_process_industry_accident_database_to_assist_in_past_accident_analysis","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2648247/Development_of_a_new_chemical_process_industry_accident_database_to_assist_in_past_accident_analysis"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="93831203" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/93831203/Review_of_Process_Industry_Accidents_Analysis_towards_Safety_System_Improvement_and_Sustainable_Process_Design">Review of Process Industry Accidents Analysis towards Safety System Improvement and Sustainable Process Design</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="251279256" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IshaqKhan181">Ishaq Khan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Chemical Engineering &amp; Technology, 2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Review of Process Industry Accidents Analysis towards Safety System Improvement and Sustainable Process Design","attachmentId":96459943,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/93831203/Review_of_Process_Industry_Accidents_Analysis_towards_Safety_System_Improvement_and_Sustainable_Process_Design","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/93831203/Review_of_Process_Industry_Accidents_Analysis_towards_Safety_System_Improvement_and_Sustainable_Process_Design"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":68334579,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":68334579,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_68334579" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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href="https://www.academia.edu/35442457/Types_of_accidents_occurring_in_chemical_process_industries_and_approaches_to_their_modeling">Types of accidents occurring in chemical process industries and approaches to their modeling</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="29094880" href="https://independent.academia.edu/rameshsuganya">suganya ramesh</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="28586279" href="https://pondiuni.academia.edu/pondiuniacademiaeduSAAbbasi">S. A. Abbasi</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="73177759" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SMTauseef">S. M. 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