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<!doctype html><html lang="en" class="js-disabled"><head><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1"/><title>Economic Growth - Our World in Data</title><meta name="description" content="See all our data, visualizations, and writing on economic growth."/><link rel="canonical" href="https://ourworldindata.org/economic-growth"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="/atom.xml" title="Atom feed for Our World in Data"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/apple-touch-icon.png"/><link rel="preload" href="/fonts/LatoLatin-Regular.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"/><meta property="fb:app_id" content="1149943818390250"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://ourworldindata.org/economic-growth"/><meta property="og:title" content="Economic Growth"/><meta property="og:description" content="See all our data, visualizations, and writing on economic growth."/><meta property="og:image" content="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/217caa41-002d-4436-52d9-a51501c42300/public"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="Our World in Data"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta name="twitter:site" content="@OurWorldInData"/><meta name="twitter:creator" content="@OurWorldInData"/><meta name="twitter:title" content="Economic Growth"/><meta name="twitter:description" content="See all our data, visualizations, and writing on economic growth."/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/217caa41-002d-4436-52d9-a51501c42300/public"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/owid.mjs"/><link rel="preload" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/polyfill/v3/polyfill.min.js?version=4.8.0&features=es2021,es2022,es2023,IntersectionObserver,IntersectionObserverEntry" as="script" data-cloudflare-disable-early-hints="true"/><link rel="preload" href="/assets/owid.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/owid.css"/><meta name="citation_title" content="Economic Growth"/><meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://ourworldindata.org/economic-growth"/><meta name="citation_fulltext_world_readable" content=""/><meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2023/07/14"/><meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Our World in Data"/><meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="Our World in Data"/><meta name="citation_author" content="Max Roser"/><meta name="citation_author" content="Bertha Rohenkohl"/><meta name="citation_author" content="Pablo Arriagada"/><meta name="citation_author" content="Joe Hasell"/><meta name="citation_author" content="Hannah Ritchie"/><meta name="citation_author" content="Esteban Ortiz-Ospina"/><script>window._OWID_GDOC_PROPS = {"slug":"economic-growth","published":true,"createdAt":"2023-07-07T20:35:18.000Z","publishedAt":"2023-07-14T11:37:00.000Z","updatedAt":"2025-03-28T15:05:28.000Z","revisionId":"ALBJ4Lu5KPdk3GMMHtRE3lRI_jTu3J395DC9I03NKp3uF8L_IB6rWULE35xHnCIxpMTEq4mHsO_rcQN_1LzwFw","markdown":"Good health, nutrition, a place to live, education… Many of the things we care most about require goods and services produced by people: the care that nurses and doctors give; the food we eat; the homes we live in; the education that teachers provide.\n\nEconomic growth [means](https://ourworldindata.org/what-is-economic-growth) an increase in the quantity or quality of the many goods and services that people produce.\n\nThe history of economic growth is, therefore, the history of how societies [left widespread poverty behind](https://ourworldindata.org/history-of-poverty-has-just-begun). In places that have seen substantial economic growth, few now go [without food](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-with-severe-food-insecurity?tab=chart&country=High-income+economies+%28FAO%29~OWID_WRL~Sub-Saharan+Africa+%28FAO%29), almost all have [access to education](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gross-enrollment-ratio-in-secondary-education), and parents rarely suffer the [loss of a child](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality-around-the-world). The work of historians shows this was [not the case in the past](https://ourworldindata.org/a-history-of-global-living-conditions).\n\nSimilarly, the history of economic growth is also the history of how large global inequalities emerged – in [nutrition](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/stunting-vs-level-of-prosperity-over-time), [health](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy-un-vs-gdp-per-capita-wb), [education](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/learning-outcomes-vs-gdp-per-capita), [basic](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/access-to-electricity-vs-gdp-per-capita) [infrastructure](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-with-access-to-sanitation-facilities), and many other dimensions. In some countries, the quantity and quality of the goods and services underpinning these outcomes grew substantially over the [past two centuries](https://docs.google.com/document/u/0/d/1q1sbAEqbeOgit1Nzc_mEoHLqEzXs5U4ONgHgI6YQN7k/edit); in others, they did not.\n\nOf course, economic growth does not reflect everything we value. On _Our World in Data_ we provide thousands of measures that try to capture these many different dimensions, covering topics such as [biodiversity](https://ourworldindata.org/biodiversity), [pollution](http://ourworldindata.org/air-pollution), [time use](https://ourworldindata.org/time-use), [human rights](https://ourworldindata.org/human-rights) and [democracy](https://ourworldindata.org/democracy).\n\nEconomic growth is, however, central to shaping people's overall living conditions. Just as in the past, the [future of global poverty](https://ourworldindata.org/poverty-minimum-growth-needed) and [inequality](https://docs.google.com/document/u/0/d/1q1sbAEqbeOgit1Nzc_mEoHLqEzXs5U4ONgHgI6YQN7k/edit) will depend on whether, and which, countries are able to substantially grow their economy. As such, it is one of the most important aspects of understanding our world today and what is possible for the future.\n\nOn this page, you can find all our data, visualizations, and writing on the topic.\n\n## Related research and writing\n* https://ourworldindata.org/what-is-economic-growth\n,* https://docs.google.com/document/u/0/d/1n2dF47q0_Inl4ehtuUHZ1WP12po81VwmQfgRx8d9m2w/edit\n,* https://ourworldindata.org/poverty-growth-needed\n,* https://ourworldindata.org/poverty-minimum-growth-needed\n,* https://ourworldindata.org/history-of-poverty-has-just-begun\n,* https://ourworldindata.org/economic-growth-since-1950\n,* https://ourworldindata.org/co2-gdp-decoupling\n,* https://ourworldindata.org/energy-gdp-decoupling\n,* https://ourworldindata.org/shrink-emissions-not-the-economy\n,* https://ourworldindata.org/is-globalization-an-engine-of-economic-development\n,* https://ourworldindata.org/trade-and-econ-growth\n,* https://ourworldindata.org/historical-poverty-reductions-more-than-a-story-about-free-market-capitalism\n,* https://ourworldindata.org/structural-transformation-and-deindustrialization-evidence-from-todays-rich-countries\n,* https://ourworldindata.org/social-networks-innovation-and-productivity\n,* https://docs.google.com/document/d/1KCSkpWvSml9KZaqTO7TGWsUDpACZIxBoqs9Yw62Klx8/edit\n\n\n<AllCharts heading=\"Interactive Charts on Economic Growth\"/>","publicationContext":"unlisted","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"Economic Growth","href":"https://ourworldindata.org/economic-growth"}],"manualBreadcrumbs":null,"tags":[{"id":134,"name":"Economic Growth","slug":"economic-growth"}],"errors":[{"property":"imageMetadata","message":"what-is-economic-growth-featured-image.png is missing a default alt text","type":"warning"},{"property":"imageMetadata","message":"poverty-growth-needed-featured-image.png is missing a default alt text","type":"warning"},{"property":"imageMetadata","message":"poverty-minimum-growth-needed-featured-image.png is missing a default alt text","type":"warning"},{"property":"imageMetadata","message":"history-of-poverty-has-just-begun-featured-image.png is missing a default alt text","type":"warning"},{"property":"imageMetadata","message":"Scatter-1960-vs-2016-GDP-scaled.png is missing a default alt text","type":"warning"},{"property":"imageMetadata","message":"co2-gdp-decoupling-featured-image.png is missing a default alt text","type":"warning"}],"donors":["A Burrows","A Francois","A Neves","A.W. 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In some countries, the quantity and quality of the goods and services underpinning these outcomes grew substantially over the ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://docs.google.com/document/u/0/d/1q1sbAEqbeOgit1Nzc_mEoHLqEzXs5U4ONgHgI6YQN7k/edit","children":[{"text":"past two centuries","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":"; in others, they did not.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"Of course, economic growth does not reflect everything we value. 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Just as in the past, the ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/poverty-minimum-growth-needed","children":[{"text":"future of global poverty","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" and ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://docs.google.com/document/u/0/d/1q1sbAEqbeOgit1Nzc_mEoHLqEzXs5U4ONgHgI6YQN7k/edit","children":[{"text":"inequality","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" will depend on whether, and which, countries are able to substantially grow their economy. 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And why does it matter?","authors":["Max Roser"],"filename":"Scatter-1960-vs-2016-GDP-scaled.png"}}]},{"heading":"Economic Growth and the Environment","articles":[{"value":{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/co2-gdp-decoupling","title":"Many countries have decoupled economic growth from CO₂ emissions, even if we take offshored production into account","authors":["Hannah Ritchie"],"filename":"co2-gdp-decoupling-featured-image.png"}},{"value":{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/energy-gdp-decoupling","title":"A number of countries have decoupled economic growth from energy use, even if we take offshored production into account","authors":["Hannah Ritchie"],"filename":"energy-gdp-decoupling-featured-image2.png"}},{"value":{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/shrink-emissions-not-the-economy","title":"Shrink emissions, not the economy","authors":["Guest authors: Linus Mattauch","Alexander Radebach","Jan Siegmeier","Simona Sulikova"],"filename":"shrink-emissions-not-the-economy-featured-image2.png"}}]}],"type":"research-and-writing","primary":[{"value":{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/what-is-economic-growth","title":"What is economic growth? 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class="display-1-semibold col-start-2 span-cols-8 col-sm-start-2 span-sm-cols-12">Economic Growth</h1><p class="topic-page-header__subtitle body-1-regular col-start-2 span-cols-8 col-sm-start-2 span-sm-cols-12"></p><p class="topic-page-header__byline col-start-2 span-cols-8 col-sm-start-2 span-sm-cols-12">By: <a href="/team/max-roser">Max Roser</a>, <a href="/team/bertha-rohenkohl">Bertha Rohenkohl</a>, <a href="/team/pablo-arriagada">Pablo Arriagada</a>, <a href="/team/joe-hasell">Joe Hasell</a>, <a href="/team/hannah-ritchie">Hannah Ritchie</a> and <a href="/team/esteban-ortiz-ospina">Esteban Ortiz-Ospina</a></p></header><nav class="sticky-nav sticky-nav--dark span-cols-14 grid grid-cols-12-full-width"><style> [id] { scroll-margin-top:70px; } .wp-sticky-container { top: 70px; }</style><ul class="sticky-nav-container span-cols-12 col-start-2"><li><a tabindex="0" class="" href="#introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a tabindex="0" class="" href="#research-writing">Research & Writing</a></li><li><a tabindex="0" class="" href="#all-charts">Charts</a></li><li><a tabindex="0" class="" href="#article-citation">Cite This Work</a></li><li><a tabindex="0" class="" href="#article-licence">Reuse This Work</a></li></ul></nav><div class="article-block__topic-page-intro grid col-start-2 span-cols-12" id="introduction"><div class="topic-page-intro__content body-1-regular span-cols-6 span-md-cols-8 span-sm-cols-12"><p class=""><span>Good health, nutrition, a place to live, education… Many of the things we care most about require goods and services produced by people: the care that nurses and doctors give; the food we eat; the homes we live in; the education that teachers provide.</span></p><p class=""><span>Economic growth </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/what-is-economic-growth" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>means</span></a><span> an increase in the quantity or quality of the many goods and services that people produce.</span></p><p class=""><span>The history of economic growth is, therefore, the history of how societies </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/history-of-poverty-has-just-begun" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>left widespread poverty behind</span></a><span>. In places that have seen substantial economic growth, few now go </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-with-severe-food-insecurity?tab=chart&country=High-income+economies+%28FAO%29~OWID_WRL~Sub-Saharan+Africa+%28FAO%29" class="span-link"><span>without food</span></a><span>, almost all have </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gross-enrollment-ratio-in-secondary-education" class="span-link"><span>access to education</span></a><span>, and parents rarely suffer the </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality-around-the-world" class="span-link"><span>loss of a child</span></a><span>. The work of historians shows this was </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/a-history-of-global-living-conditions" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>not the case in the past</span></a><span>.</span></p><p class=""><span>Similarly, the history of economic growth is also the history of how large global inequalities emerged – in </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/stunting-vs-level-of-prosperity-over-time" class="span-link"><span>nutrition</span></a><span>, </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy-un-vs-gdp-per-capita-wb" class="span-link"><span>health</span></a><span>, </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/learning-outcomes-vs-gdp-per-capita" class="span-link"><span>education</span></a><span>, </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/access-to-electricity-vs-gdp-per-capita" class="span-link"><span>basic</span></a><span> </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-with-access-to-sanitation-facilities" class="span-link"><span>infrastructure</span></a><span>, and many other dimensions. In some countries, the quantity and quality of the goods and services underpinning these outcomes grew substantially over the </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/the-history-of-global-economic-inequality" class="span-link"><span>past two centuries</span></a><span>; in others, they did not.</span></p><p class=""><span>Of course, economic growth does not reflect everything we value. On </span><em><span>Our World in Data</span></em><span> we provide thousands of measures that try to capture these many different dimensions, covering topics such as </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/biodiversity" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>biodiversity</span></a><span>, </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/air-pollution" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>pollution</span></a><span>, </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/time-use" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>time use</span></a><span>, </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/human-rights" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>human rights</span></a><span> and </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/democracy" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>democracy</span></a><span>.</span></p><p class=""><span>Economic growth is, however, central to shaping people's overall living conditions. Just as in the past, the </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/poverty-minimum-growth-needed" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>future of global poverty</span></a><span> and </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/the-history-of-global-economic-inequality" class="span-link"><span>inequality</span></a><span> will depend on whether, and which, countries are able to substantially grow their economy. As such, it is one of the most important aspects of understanding our world today and what is possible for the future.</span></p><p class=""><span>On this page, you can find all our data, visualizations, and writing on the topic.</span></p></div><div class="topic-page-intro__links col-start-9 span-cols-4 col-md-start-1 span-md-cols-12"><aside class="topic-page-intro__related-topics"><h4 class="overline-black-caps">Related topics</h4><ul><li><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/poverty">Poverty</a></li><li><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/economic-inequality">Economic Inequality</a></li><li><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/human-development-index">Human Development Index (HDI)</a></li></ul></aside></div></div><div class="article-block__research-and-writing col-start-2 span-cols-12 grid"><h1 class="article-block__heading span-cols-12 h1-semibold" id="research-writing"><span>Research & Writing</span><a class="deep-link" aria-labelledby="research-writing" href="#research-writing"></a></h1><div class="span-cols-12 research-and-writing-row"><div class="grid research-and-writing-row__links research-and-writing-row__links--overflow"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/what-is-economic-growth" class="research-and-writing-link span-cols-6 span-sm-cols-12" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><figure><div class="image"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/f3208d84-1c28-4be9-99dc-763360c73000/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/f3208d84-1c28-4be9-99dc-763360c73000/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/f3208d84-1c28-4be9-99dc-763360c73000/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/f3208d84-1c28-4be9-99dc-763360c73000/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/f3208d84-1c28-4be9-99dc-763360c73000/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/f3208d84-1c28-4be9-99dc-763360c73000/w=2714 2714w" type="image/png" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 95vw, (min-width: 960px) 853px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/f3208d84-1c28-4be9-99dc-763360c73000/w=2714" class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="what-is-economic-growth-featured-image.png" width="2714" height="1206"/></picture></div></figure><h3 class="research-and-writing-link__title research-and-writing-link__title--large">What is economic growth? And why is it so important?</h3><p class="research-and-writing-link__description research-and-writing-link__description--large">The goods and services that we all need are not just there – they need to be produced – and growth means that their quality and quantity increases.</p><p class="research-and-writing-link__authors body-3-medium-italic">Max Roser</p></a><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/breaking-the-malthusian-trap" class="research-and-writing-link span-cols-3 span-md-cols-6 span-sm-cols-12" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><figure><div class="image"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/495811a1-3a67-48ca-3698-613a99e12300/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/495811a1-3a67-48ca-3698-613a99e12300/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/495811a1-3a67-48ca-3698-613a99e12300/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/495811a1-3a67-48ca-3698-613a99e12300/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/495811a1-3a67-48ca-3698-613a99e12300/w=1200 1200w" type="image/png" sizes="350px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/495811a1-3a67-48ca-3698-613a99e12300/w=1200" alt="A line graph with three distinct colored lines representing different data sets over a period. No scale or other text is shown." class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="malthusian-trap-featured-image.png" width="1200" height="630"/></picture></div></figure><h3 class="research-and-writing-link__title">Breaking out of the Malthusian trap: How pandemics allow us to understand why our ancestors were stuck in poverty</h3><p class="research-and-writing-link__description">The Industrial Revolution ended the Malthusian trap in which incomes were determined by the size of the population — making it possible for a country to leave abject poverty behind.</p><p class="research-and-writing-link__authors body-3-medium-italic">Max Roser</p></a></div></div><div class="span-cols-12 research-and-writing-row"><h2 class="h2-bold research-and-writing-row__heading">Poverty and Economic Growth</h2><div class="grid grid-cols-4 grid-lg-cols-3 grid-md-cols-2 research-and-writing-row__links research-and-writing-row__links--overflow"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/poverty-growth-needed" class="research-and-writing-link span-cols-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><figure><div class="image"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/f0282250-6a82-4489-9c30-28b36f133800/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/f0282250-6a82-4489-9c30-28b36f133800/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/f0282250-6a82-4489-9c30-28b36f133800/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/f0282250-6a82-4489-9c30-28b36f133800/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/f0282250-6a82-4489-9c30-28b36f133800/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/f0282250-6a82-4489-9c30-28b36f133800/w=2004 2004w" type="image/png" sizes="350px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/f0282250-6a82-4489-9c30-28b36f133800/w=2004" class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="poverty-growth-needed-featured-image.png" width="2004" height="1070"/></picture></div></figure><h3 class="research-and-writing-link__title">The economies that are home to the poorest billions of people need to grow if we want global poverty to decline substantially</h3><p class="research-and-writing-link__authors body-3-medium-italic">Max Roser</p></a><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/poverty-minimum-growth-needed" class="research-and-writing-link span-cols-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><figure><div class="image"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/0d9927af-1028-4c0a-7372-c0c988051f00/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/0d9927af-1028-4c0a-7372-c0c988051f00/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/0d9927af-1028-4c0a-7372-c0c988051f00/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/0d9927af-1028-4c0a-7372-c0c988051f00/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/0d9927af-1028-4c0a-7372-c0c988051f00/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/0d9927af-1028-4c0a-7372-c0c988051f00/w=1936 1936w" type="image/png" sizes="350px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/0d9927af-1028-4c0a-7372-c0c988051f00/w=1936" class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="poverty-minimum-growth-needed-featured-image.png" width="1936" height="966"/></picture></div></figure><h3 class="research-and-writing-link__title">How much economic growth is necessary to reduce global poverty substantially?</h3><p class="research-and-writing-link__authors body-3-medium-italic">Max Roser</p></a><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/history-of-poverty-has-just-begun" class="research-and-writing-link span-cols-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><figure><div class="image"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/ffd52bc3-9347-42e5-2388-a30aee042100/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/ffd52bc3-9347-42e5-2388-a30aee042100/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/ffd52bc3-9347-42e5-2388-a30aee042100/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/ffd52bc3-9347-42e5-2388-a30aee042100/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/ffd52bc3-9347-42e5-2388-a30aee042100/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/ffd52bc3-9347-42e5-2388-a30aee042100/w=2718 2718w" type="image/png" sizes="350px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/ffd52bc3-9347-42e5-2388-a30aee042100/w=2718" class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="history-of-poverty-has-just-begun-featured-image.png" width="2718" height="982"/></picture></div></figure><h3 class="research-and-writing-link__title">The history of the end of poverty has just begun</h3><p class="research-and-writing-link__authors body-3-medium-italic">Max Roser</p></a><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/economic-growth-since-1950" class="research-and-writing-link span-cols-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><figure><div class="image"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/352e2c26-2523-42b5-d8e2-b16516cd4000/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/352e2c26-2523-42b5-d8e2-b16516cd4000/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/352e2c26-2523-42b5-d8e2-b16516cd4000/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/352e2c26-2523-42b5-d8e2-b16516cd4000/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/352e2c26-2523-42b5-d8e2-b16516cd4000/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/352e2c26-2523-42b5-d8e2-b16516cd4000/w=2560 2560w" type="image/png" sizes="350px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/352e2c26-2523-42b5-d8e2-b16516cd4000/w=2560" class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="Scatter-1960-vs-2016-GDP-scaled.png" width="2560" height="2560"/></picture></div></figure><h3 class="research-and-writing-link__title">Which countries achieved economic growth? And why does it matter?</h3><p class="research-and-writing-link__authors body-3-medium-italic">Max Roser</p></a></div></div><div class="span-cols-12 research-and-writing-row"><h2 class="h2-bold research-and-writing-row__heading">Economic Growth and the Environment</h2><div class="grid grid-cols-4 grid-lg-cols-3 grid-md-cols-2 research-and-writing-row__links research-and-writing-row__links--overflow"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/co2-gdp-decoupling" class="research-and-writing-link span-cols-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><figure><div class="image"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/6fb208cb-8cd7-41c3-6d68-cd92d8470500/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/6fb208cb-8cd7-41c3-6d68-cd92d8470500/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/6fb208cb-8cd7-41c3-6d68-cd92d8470500/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/6fb208cb-8cd7-41c3-6d68-cd92d8470500/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/6fb208cb-8cd7-41c3-6d68-cd92d8470500/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/6fb208cb-8cd7-41c3-6d68-cd92d8470500/w=1600 1600w" type="image/png" sizes="350px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/6fb208cb-8cd7-41c3-6d68-cd92d8470500/w=1600" class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="co2-gdp-decoupling-featured-image.png" width="1600" height="628"/></picture></div></figure><h3 class="research-and-writing-link__title">Many countries have decoupled economic growth from CO₂ emissions, even if we take offshored production into account</h3><p class="research-and-writing-link__authors body-3-medium-italic">Hannah Ritchie</p></a><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/energy-gdp-decoupling" class="research-and-writing-link span-cols-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><figure><div class="image"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/842ffe73-f407-417f-6964-aec92ebad500/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/842ffe73-f407-417f-6964-aec92ebad500/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/842ffe73-f407-417f-6964-aec92ebad500/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/842ffe73-f407-417f-6964-aec92ebad500/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/842ffe73-f407-417f-6964-aec92ebad500/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/842ffe73-f407-417f-6964-aec92ebad500/w=2838 2838w" type="image/png" sizes="350px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/842ffe73-f407-417f-6964-aec92ebad500/w=2838" alt="Schematic line chart showing decoupling of energy use and GDP over time" class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="energy-gdp-decoupling-featured-image2.png" width="2838" height="1729"/></picture></div></figure><h3 class="research-and-writing-link__title">A number of countries have decoupled economic growth from energy use, even if we take offshored production into account</h3><p class="research-and-writing-link__authors body-3-medium-italic">Hannah Ritchie</p></a><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/shrink-emissions-not-the-economy" class="research-and-writing-link span-cols-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><figure><div class="image"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/2a87f3f6-6bb6-4ad1-0511-f145b71a1400/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/2a87f3f6-6bb6-4ad1-0511-f145b71a1400/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/2a87f3f6-6bb6-4ad1-0511-f145b71a1400/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/2a87f3f6-6bb6-4ad1-0511-f145b71a1400/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/2a87f3f6-6bb6-4ad1-0511-f145b71a1400/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/2a87f3f6-6bb6-4ad1-0511-f145b71a1400/w=2992 2992w" type="image/png" sizes="350px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/2a87f3f6-6bb6-4ad1-0511-f145b71a1400/w=2992" alt="A scatter plot showing that the energy and gas sector produces high emissions but contributes a small fraction of the total economy" class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="shrink-emissions-not-the-economy-featured-image2.png" width="2992" height="1627"/></picture></div></figure><h3 class="research-and-writing-link__title">Shrink emissions, not the economy</h3><p class="research-and-writing-link__authors body-3-medium-italic">Guest authors: Linus Mattauch, Alexander Radebach, Jan Siegmeier and Simona Sulikova</p></a></div></div><div class="span-cols-12 research-and-writing-row"><h2 class="h2-bold research-and-writing-row__heading">More Articles on Economic Growth</h2><div class="grid grid-cols-4 grid-lg-cols-3 grid-md-cols-2 research-and-writing-row__links research-and-writing-row__links--condensed-sm research-and-writing-row__links--condensed research-and-writing-row__links--overflow"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/is-globalization-an-engine-of-economic-development" class="research-and-writing-link span-cols-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><h3 class="research-and-writing-link__title">Is globalization an engine of economic development?</h3><p class="research-and-writing-link__authors body-3-medium-italic">Esteban Ortiz-Ospina</p></a><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/trade-and-econ-growth" class="research-and-writing-link span-cols-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><h3 class="research-and-writing-link__title">Does trade cause growth?</h3><p class="research-and-writing-link__authors body-3-medium-italic">Esteban Ortiz-Ospina</p></a><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/historical-poverty-reductions-more-than-a-story-about-free-market-capitalism" class="research-and-writing-link span-cols-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><h3 class="research-and-writing-link__title">Historical poverty reductions: more than a story about 'free-market capitalism'</h3><p class="research-and-writing-link__authors body-3-medium-italic">Esteban Ortiz-Ospina</p></a><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/structural-transformation-and-deindustrialization-evidence-from-todays-rich-countries" class="research-and-writing-link span-cols-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><h3 class="research-and-writing-link__title">Structural transformation: how did today’s rich countries become ‘deindustrialized’?</h3><p class="research-and-writing-link__authors body-3-medium-italic">Esteban Ortiz-Ospina and Nicolas Lippolis</p></a><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/social-networks-innovation-and-productivity" class="research-and-writing-link span-cols-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><h3 class="research-and-writing-link__title">The importance of social networks for innovation and productivity</h3><p class="research-and-writing-link__authors body-3-medium-italic">Esteban Ortiz-Ospina</p></a><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/how-are-incomes-adjusted-for-inflation" class="research-and-writing-link span-cols-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><h3 class="research-and-writing-link__title">How are incomes adjusted for inflation?</h3><p class="research-and-writing-link__authors body-3-medium-italic">Joe Hasell and Max Roser</p></a></div></div></div><div class="article-block__all-charts col-start-2 span-cols-12"><h1 class="article-block__heading h1-semibold" id="all-charts"><span>Key Charts on Economic Growth</span><a class="deep-link" aria-labelledby="all-charts" href="#all-charts"></a></h1><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/data?topics=Economic+Growth" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-vermillion"><span>See all charts on this topic</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right owid-btn--icon-right" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a><div class="related-charts"><div class="grid grid-cols-12"><div class="related-charts__thumbnails span-cols-5 span-md-cols-12"><ul class="related-charts__list"><li class="active"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-worldbank"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-worldbank.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-worldbank.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-worldbank.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "GDP per capita" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>GDP per capita</span></a><span class="variantName">World Bank, constant international-$</span></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "GDP per capita" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>GDP per capita</span></a><span class="variantName">Maddison Project Database, constant international-$</span></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-penn-world-table"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-penn-world-table.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-penn-world-table.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-penn-world-table.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "GDP per capita" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>GDP per capita</span></a><span class="variantName">Penn World Table, constant international-$</span></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/global-gdp-over-the-long-run"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/global-gdp-over-the-long-run.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/global-gdp-over-the-long-run.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/global-gdp-over-the-long-run.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "Global GDP over the long run" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>Global GDP over the long run</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/global-average-gdp-per-capita-over-the-long-run"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/global-average-gdp-per-capita-over-the-long-run.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/global-average-gdp-per-capita-over-the-long-run.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/global-average-gdp-per-capita-over-the-long-run.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "Global average GDP per capita over the long run" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>Global average GDP per capita over the long run</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-penn-world-table"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-penn-world-table.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-penn-world-table.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-penn-world-table.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "Gross domestic product (GDP)" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>Gross domestic product (GDP)</span></a><span class="variantName">Penn World Table, constant international-$</span></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-worldbank"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-worldbank.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-worldbank.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-worldbank.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "Gross domestic product (GDP)" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>Gross domestic product (GDP)</span></a><span class="variantName">World Bank, constant international-$</span></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-world-regions-stacked-area"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-world-regions-stacked-area.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-world-regions-stacked-area.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-world-regions-stacked-area.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "Gross domestic product (GDP) by world region" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>Gross domestic product (GDP) by world region</span></a><span class="variantName">Maddison Project Database, constant international-$</span></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/access-to-electricity-vs-gdp-per-capita"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/access-to-electricity-vs-gdp-per-capita.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/access-to-electricity-vs-gdp-per-capita.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/access-to-electricity-vs-gdp-per-capita.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "Access to electricity vs. GDP per capita" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>Access to electricity vs. GDP per capita</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/real-gdp-growth"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/real-gdp-growth.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/real-gdp-growth.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/real-gdp-growth.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "Annual GDP growth" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>Annual GDP growth</span></a><span class="variantName">IMF</span></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/growth-of-income-and-trade"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/growth-of-income-and-trade.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/growth-of-income-and-trade.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/growth-of-income-and-trade.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "Annual average growth of trade vs. GDP per capita" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>Annual average growth of trade vs. GDP per capita</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-growth"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-growth.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-growth.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-growth.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "Annual growth of GDP per capita" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>Annual growth of GDP per capita</span></a><span class="variantName">World Bank</span></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/growth-rate-of-real-gdp-per-employed-person"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/growth-rate-of-real-gdp-per-employed-person.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/growth-rate-of-real-gdp-per-employed-person.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/growth-rate-of-real-gdp-per-employed-person.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "Annual growth of GDP per employed person" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>Annual growth of GDP per employed person</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-working-hours-vs-gdp-per-capita-pwt"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-working-hours-vs-gdp-per-capita-pwt.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-working-hours-vs-gdp-per-capita-pwt.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-working-hours-vs-gdp-per-capita-pwt.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "Annual working hours vs. GDP per capita" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>Annual working hours vs. GDP per capita</span></a><span class="variantName">Penn World Table</span></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/augmented-hdi-vs-gdp-per-capita"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/augmented-hdi-vs-gdp-per-capita.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/augmented-hdi-vs-gdp-per-capita.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/augmented-hdi-vs-gdp-per-capita.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "Augmented Human Development Index vs. GDP per capita" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>Augmented Human Development Index vs. GDP per capita</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co2-emissions-vs-gdp"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co2-emissions-vs-gdp.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co2-emissions-vs-gdp.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co2-emissions-vs-gdp.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "CO₂ emissions per capita vs. GDP per capita" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>CO₂ emissions per capita vs. GDP per capita</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality-gdp-per-capita"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality-gdp-per-capita.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality-gdp-per-capita.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality-gdp-per-capita.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "Child mortality rate vs. GDP per capita" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>Child mortality rate vs. GDP per capita</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/countries-by-income-classification"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/countries-by-income-classification.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/countries-by-income-classification.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/countries-by-income-classification.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "Countries by income classification" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>Countries by income classification</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/shares-of-gdp-by-economic-sector"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/shares-of-gdp-by-economic-sector.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/shares-of-gdp-by-economic-sector.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/shares-of-gdp-by-economic-sector.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "Distribution of gross domestic product by economic sector" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>Distribution of gross domestic product by economic sector</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/eci-ranking-vs-gdp-per-capita"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/eci-ranking-vs-gdp-per-capita.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/eci-ranking-vs-gdp-per-capita.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/eci-ranking-vs-gdp-per-capita.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "Economic complexity rank vs. GDP per capita" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>Economic complexity rank vs. GDP per capita</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-worldbank-constant-usd"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-worldbank-constant-usd.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-worldbank-constant-usd.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-worldbank-constant-usd.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "GDP per capita" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>GDP per capita</span></a><span class="variantName">World Bank, constant US$</span></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-in-the-uk-since-1270"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-in-the-uk-since-1270.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-in-the-uk-since-1270.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-in-the-uk-since-1270.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "GDP per capita in England" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>GDP per capita in England</span></a><span class="variantName">Broadberry et al., since 1270</span></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-world-bank-vs-maddison-project"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-world-bank-vs-maddison-project.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-world-bank-vs-maddison-project.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-world-bank-vs-maddison-project.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "GDP per capita: Comparing data from World Bank and Maddison Project Database" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>GDP per capita: Comparing data from World Bank and Maddison Project Database</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-world-bank-data-vs-penn-world-table"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-world-bank-data-vs-penn-world-table.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-world-bank-data-vs-penn-world-table.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-world-bank-data-vs-penn-world-table.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "GDP per capita: Comparing data from World Bank and Penn World Table" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>GDP per capita: Comparing data from World Bank and Penn World Table</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-person-employed-constant-ppp"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-person-employed-constant-ppp.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-person-employed-constant-ppp.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-person-employed-constant-ppp.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "GDP per employed person" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>GDP per employed person</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gni-per-capita-vs-gdp-per-capita"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gni-per-capita-vs-gdp-per-capita.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gni-per-capita-vs-gdp-per-capita.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gni-per-capita-vs-gdp-per-capita.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "GNI per capita vs. GDP per capita" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>GNI per capita vs. GDP per capita</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/government-spending-vs-gdp-per-capita"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/government-spending-vs-gdp-per-capita.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/government-spending-vs-gdp-per-capita.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/government-spending-vs-gdp-per-capita.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "Government spending as a share of GDP vs. GDP per capita" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>Government spending as a share of GDP vs. GDP per capita</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-worldbank-constant-usd"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-worldbank-constant-usd.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-worldbank-constant-usd.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-worldbank-constant-usd.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "Gross domestic product (GDP)" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>Gross domestic product (GDP)</span></a><span class="variantName">World Bank, constant US$</span></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/national-gdp-fouquin-current-gbp"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/national-gdp-fouquin-current-gbp.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/national-gdp-fouquin-current-gbp.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/national-gdp-fouquin-current-gbp.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "Gross domestic product (GDP)" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>Gross domestic product (GDP)</span></a><span class="variantName">Fouquin and Hugot, current GBP</span></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-maddison-project-database"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-maddison-project-database.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-maddison-project-database.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-maddison-project-database.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "Gross domestic product (GDP)" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>Gross domestic product (GDP)</span></a><span class="variantName">Maddison Project Database, constant international-$</span></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/total-gdp-in-the-uk-since-1270"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/total-gdp-in-the-uk-since-1270.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/total-gdp-in-the-uk-since-1270.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/total-gdp-in-the-uk-since-1270.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "Gross domestic product (GDP) in England" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>Gross domestic product (GDP) in England</span></a><span class="variantName">Broadberry et al., since 1270</span></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gross-national-income-per-capita-worldbank"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gross-national-income-per-capita-worldbank.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gross-national-income-per-capita-worldbank.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gross-national-income-per-capita-worldbank.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "Gross national income (GNI) per capita" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>Gross national income (GNI) per capita</span></a><span class="variantName">World Bank</span></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/hidden-hunger-index-vs-gdp-per-capita"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/hidden-hunger-index-vs-gdp-per-capita.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/hidden-hunger-index-vs-gdp-per-capita.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/hidden-hunger-index-vs-gdp-per-capita.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "Hidden Hunger Index vs. GDP per capita" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>Hidden Hunger Index vs. GDP per capita</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/human-capital-index-vs-gdp"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/human-capital-index-vs-gdp.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/human-capital-index-vs-gdp.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/human-capital-index-vs-gdp.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "Human Capital Index vs. GDP per capita" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>Human Capital Index vs. GDP per capita</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/human-development-index-vs-gdp-per-capita"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/human-development-index-vs-gdp-per-capita.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/human-development-index-vs-gdp-per-capita.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/human-development-index-vs-gdp-per-capita.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "Human Development Index vs. GDP per capita" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>Human Development Index vs. GDP per capita</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/p10-vs-gdp-per-capita"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/p10-vs-gdp-per-capita.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/p10-vs-gdp-per-capita.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/p10-vs-gdp-per-capita.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "Income or consumption of the poorest 10% vs. GDP per capita" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>Income or consumption of the poorest 10% vs. GDP per capita</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/labor-force-participation-rate-of-men-65-years-and-older-in-the-usa"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/labor-force-participation-rate-of-men-65-years-and-older-in-the-usa.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/labor-force-participation-rate-of-men-65-years-and-older-in-the-usa.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/labor-force-participation-rate-of-men-65-years-and-older-in-the-usa.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "Labor force participation rate of men aged 65+ in the United States" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>Labor force participation rate of men aged 65+ in the United States</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy-vs-gdp-per-capita"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy-vs-gdp-per-capita.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy-vs-gdp-per-capita.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy-vs-gdp-per-capita.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "Life expectancy vs. GDP per capita" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>Life expectancy vs. GDP per capita</span></a><span class="variantName">Maddison, historical</span></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/mean-daily-per-capita-expenditure-vs-gdp-per-capita"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/mean-daily-per-capita-expenditure-vs-gdp-per-capita.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/mean-daily-per-capita-expenditure-vs-gdp-per-capita.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/mean-daily-per-capita-expenditure-vs-gdp-per-capita.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "Mean income or consumption per day vs. GDP per capita" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>Mean income or consumption per day vs. GDP per capita</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/mean-versus-median-monthly-per-capita-expenditure-or-income"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/mean-versus-median-monthly-per-capita-expenditure-or-income.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/mean-versus-median-monthly-per-capita-expenditure-or-income.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/mean-versus-median-monthly-per-capita-expenditure-or-income.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "Mean vs. median income or consumption" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>Mean vs. median income or consumption</span></a><span class="variantName">World Bank</span></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/median-daily-per-capita-expenditure-vs-gdp-per-capita"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/median-daily-per-capita-expenditure-vs-gdp-per-capita.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/median-daily-per-capita-expenditure-vs-gdp-per-capita.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/median-daily-per-capita-expenditure-vs-gdp-per-capita.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "Median income or consumption per day vs. GDP per capita" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>Median income or consumption per day vs. GDP per capita</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/output-of-key-industrial-sectors-in-england-and-the-uk"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/output-of-key-industrial-sectors-in-england-and-the-uk.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/output-of-key-industrial-sectors-in-england-and-the-uk.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/output-of-key-industrial-sectors-in-england-and-the-uk.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "Output of key industrial sectors in the United Kingdom" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>Output of key industrial sectors in the United Kingdom</span></a><span class="variantName">Broadberry et al.</span></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/output-of-key-industries-in-england"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/output-of-key-industries-in-england.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/output-of-key-industries-in-england.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/output-of-key-industries-in-england.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "Output of key industries in the United Kingdom" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>Output of key industries in the United Kingdom</span></a><span class="variantName">Broadberry et al., more industries</span></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/output-of-key-service-and-industrial-sectors-in-england-and-the-uk"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/output-of-key-service-and-industrial-sectors-in-england-and-the-uk.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/output-of-key-service-and-industrial-sectors-in-england-and-the-uk.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/output-of-key-service-and-industrial-sectors-in-england-and-the-uk.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "Output of key service and industrial sectors in the United Kingdom" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>Output of key service and industrial sectors in the United Kingdom</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/population-by-income-classification"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/population-by-income-classification.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/population-by-income-classification.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/population-by-income-classification.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "Population by income classification" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>Population by income classification</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/price-levels-relative-to-us-vs-gdp-per-capita"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/price-levels-relative-to-us-vs-gdp-per-capita.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/price-levels-relative-to-us-vs-gdp-per-capita.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/price-levels-relative-to-us-vs-gdp-per-capita.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "Price level relative to the US vs. GDP per capita" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>Price level relative to the US vs. GDP per capita</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/labor-productivity-vs-gdp-per-capita"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/labor-productivity-vs-gdp-per-capita.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/labor-productivity-vs-gdp-per-capita.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/labor-productivity-vs-gdp-per-capita.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "Productivity vs. GDP per capita" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>Productivity vs. GDP per capita</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/labor-productivity-per-hour-pennworldtable"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/labor-productivity-per-hour-pennworldtable.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/labor-productivity-per-hour-pennworldtable.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/labor-productivity-per-hour-pennworldtable.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "Productivity: output per hour worked" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>Productivity: output per hour worked</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-vs-happiness"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-vs-happiness.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-vs-happiness.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-vs-happiness.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "Self-reported life satisfaction vs. GDP per capita" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>Self-reported life satisfaction vs. GDP per capita</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/account-at-financial-institution"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/account-at-financial-institution.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/account-at-financial-institution.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/account-at-financial-institution.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "Share of adults with an account at a financial institution" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>Share of adults with an account at a financial institution</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-household-consumption-in-gdp-vs-gdp-per-capita"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-household-consumption-in-gdp-vs-gdp-per-capita.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-household-consumption-in-gdp-vs-gdp-per-capita.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-household-consumption-in-gdp-vs-gdp-per-capita.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "Share of household consumption in GDP vs. GDP per capita" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>Share of household consumption in GDP vs. GDP per capita</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/manufacturing-value-added-to-gdp"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/manufacturing-value-added-to-gdp.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/manufacturing-value-added-to-gdp.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/manufacturing-value-added-to-gdp.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "Share of manufacturing in gross domestic product (GDP)" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>Share of manufacturing in gross domestic product (GDP)</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/the-share-of-people-living-in-extreme-poverty-vs-gdp-per-capita"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/the-share-of-people-living-in-extreme-poverty-vs-gdp-per-capita.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/the-share-of-people-living-in-extreme-poverty-vs-gdp-per-capita.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/the-share-of-people-living-in-extreme-poverty-vs-gdp-per-capita.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "Share of population living in extreme poverty vs. GDP per capita" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>Share of population living in extreme poverty vs. GDP per capita</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-vs-agriculture-employment"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-vs-agriculture-employment.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-vs-agriculture-employment.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-vs-agriculture-employment.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "Share of workers employed in agriculture vs. GDP per capita" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>Share of workers employed in agriculture vs. GDP per capita</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/tax-revenues-vs-gdp-per-capita"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/tax-revenues-vs-gdp-per-capita.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/tax-revenues-vs-gdp-per-capita.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/tax-revenues-vs-gdp-per-capita.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "Tax revenues as a share of GDP vs. GDP per capita" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>Tax revenues as a share of GDP vs. GDP per capita</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/unemployment-rate-imf"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/unemployment-rate-imf.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/unemployment-rate-imf.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/unemployment-rate-imf.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "Unemployment rate" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>Unemployment rate</span></a><span class="variantName">IMF</span></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/world-bank-income-groups"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/world-bank-income-groups.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/world-bank-income-groups.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/world-bank-income-groups.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "World Bank income groups" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>World Bank income groups</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-employment-agriculture-industry-services"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-employment-agriculture-industry-services.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-employment-agriculture-industry-services.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-employment-agriculture-industry-services.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "Share of employment in agriculture, industry, and services" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>Share of employment in agriculture, industry, and services</span></a></li><li class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/time-required-to-start-business"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/time-required-to-start-business.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/time-required-to-start-business.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/time-required-to-start-business.png" alt="A thumbnail of the "Time required to start a business" chart" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true" data-no-img-formatting="true"/></picture><span>Time required to start a business</span></a></li></ul></div><div class="related-charts__chart span-cols-7 span-md-cols-12"><div class="related-charts__figure"><figure class="grapherPreview" data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-worldbank"><div class="js--hide-if-js-enabled"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-worldbank"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-worldbank.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-worldbank.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-worldbank.png" alt="GDP per 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When citing this topic page, please also cite the underlying data sources. This topic page can be cited as:</p><div><div class="wp-code-snippet wp-code-snippet--dark"><pre class="wp-block-code"><code class="wp-code-snippet__code">Max Roser, Bertha Rohenkohl, Pablo Arriagada, Joe Hasell, Hannah Ritchie and Esteban Ortiz-Ospina (2023) - “Economic Growth” Published online at OurWorldinData.org. Retrieved from: 'https://ourworldindata.org/economic-growth' [Online Resource]</code></pre></div></div><p>BibTeX citation</p><div><div class="wp-code-snippet wp-code-snippet--dark"><pre class="wp-block-code"><code class="wp-code-snippet__code">@article{owid-economic-growth, author = {Max Roser and Bertha Rohenkohl and Pablo Arriagada and Joe Hasell and Hannah Ritchie and Esteban Ortiz-Ospina}, title = {Economic Growth}, journal = {Our World in Data}, year = {2023}, note = {https://ourworldindata.org/economic-growth} }</code></pre></div></div></div></section><section id="article-licence" class="grid grid-cols-12-full-width col-start-1 col-end-limit"><div class="col-start-4 span-cols-8 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 col-sm-start-2 span-sm-cols-12"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/owid-logo.svg" class="img-raw" alt="Our World in Data logo" width="104" height="57"/><h3>Reuse this work freely</h3><p>All visualizations, data, and code produced by Our World in Data are completely open access under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Creative Commons BY license</a>. 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