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<!doctype html><html lang="en" class="js-disabled"><head><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1"/><title>Our World in Data</title><meta name="description" content="Research and data to make progress against the world’s largest problems"/><link rel="canonical" href="https://ourworldindata.org"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="/atom.xml" title="Atom feed for Our World in Data"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/apple-touch-icon.png"/><link rel="preload" href="/fonts/LatoLatin-Regular.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"/><meta property="fb:app_id" content="1149943818390250"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://ourworldindata.org"/><meta property="og:title" content="Our World in Data"/><meta property="og:description" content="Research and data to make progress against the world’s largest problems"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://ourworldindata.org/default-thumbnail.png"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="Our World in Data"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta name="twitter:site" content="@OurWorldInData"/><meta name="twitter:creator" content="@OurWorldInData"/><meta name="twitter:title" content="Our World in Data"/><meta name="twitter:description" content="Research and data to make progress against the world’s largest problems"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://ourworldindata.org/default-thumbnail.png"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/owid.mjs"/><link rel="preload" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/polyfill/v3/polyfill.min.js?version=4.8.0&features=es2021,es2022,es2023,IntersectionObserver,IntersectionObserverEntry" as="script" data-cloudflare-disable-early-hints="true"/><link rel="preload" href="/assets/owid.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/owid.css"/><meta name="citation_title" content="OWID Homepage"/><meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://ourworldindata.org"/><meta name="citation_fulltext_world_readable" content=""/><meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2024/02/28"/><meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Our World in Data"/><meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="Our World in Data"/><meta name="citation_author" content="Our World in Data"/><script>window._OWID_GDOC_PROPS = {"slug":"owid-homepage","published":true,"createdAt":"2024-02-22T21:04:05.000Z","publishedAt":"2024-02-28T15:02:00.000Z","updatedAt":"2025-03-31T07:16:45.000Z","revisionId":"ALBJ4LsqV3dqNddWW-daCiy0yVFPonLmWyj10zvdF0GY6MJfGRm-sCGPi1-dd6afFIa2_uRlwleCxnKsHFx67g","markdown":"### Popular pages\n* [COVID-19 Data Explorer](https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/coronavirus-data-explorer)\n* [CO₂ & Greenhouse Gas Emissions](https://ourworldindata.org/co2-and-greenhouse-gas-emissions)\n* [Child and Infant Mortality](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1h37-KpdZ3qAJ9xSA4OhbmGfmLr3Ydc_z9oHtDTszBuQ/edit)\n* [Artificial Intelligence](https://docs.google.com/document/d/11t6XP9vKLDHeiDOcfaPOoc4TeQxHRixSjEikAlbGe0A/edit)\n* [Energy](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1GRYE-mYiSEnes8rXjK6dCNi4KULLJB8KW03AOPci-b8/edit)\n* [Poverty](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UjJLoGF5VMfn8U4C3ZSJQrPhc_jFRkeEhrhz5Ksfq7M/edit)\n* [Global Education](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FbKVWqPddBZy0NcHzDG-BSoCsN5tJnok3RXcLo6R9ls/edit)\n\n\n\n- [Browse our Data Insights(https://ourworldindata.org/data-insights)]\n\n<KeyIndicatorCollection>\n<KeyIndicator datapageUrl=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality?time=earliest..latest\" title=\"What share of children die before their fifth birthday?\" source=\"Long-run estimates combining data from UN & Gapminder\"/>\n<KeyIndicator datapageUrl=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty\" title=\"What share of the population is living in extreme poverty?\"/>\n<KeyIndicator datapageUrl=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy\" title=\"How has people’s life expectancy changed over time?\" source=\"Long-run estimates collated from multiple sources by Our World in Data\"/>\n<KeyIndicator datapageUrl=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions-per-capita?tab=chart&country=USA~GBR~CHN~ZAF~PAN\" title=\"How have CO₂ emissions per capita changed?\" source=\"Long-run estimates from the Global Carbon Budget\"/>\n<KeyIndicator datapageUrl=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-maddison\" title=\"How do average incomes compare between countries around the world?\" source=\"Long-run estimates from the Maddison Project Database\"/>\n<KeyIndicator datapageUrl=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prevalence-of-undernourishment\" title=\"What share of the population is suffering from hunger?\"/>\n<KeyIndicator datapageUrl=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-literacy-rates?country=RUS~GBR~NLD~CRI~ISR~SGP~CHL~CHN~MAC~OWID_WRL~IND~TZA\" title=\"When has literacy become a widespread skill?\" source=\"Long-run estimates collated from multiple sources by Our World in Data\"/>\n<KeyIndicator datapageUrl=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity?time=latest\" title=\"Where do people lack access to even the most basic electricity supply?\"/>\n</KeyIndicatorCollection>","publicationContext":"unlisted","breadcrumbs":null,"manualBreadcrumbs":null,"tags":[],"errors":[{"property":"linkedAuthors","message":"Author \"Our World in Data\" does not exist or is not published","type":"warning"}],"donors":[],"imageMetadata":{"air-pollution-sources-featured.png":{"id":3191,"filename":"air-pollution-sources-featured.png","defaultAlt":"Featured 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During the epidemic's peak, HIV/AIDS accounted for more than half of all deaths in some countries. A steep decline began after the mid-2000s, largely due to improved treatments. A notable drop in 2020-2021 reflects increased COVID-19 deaths impacting overall mortality proportions. Data is sourced from IHME, Global Burden of Disease (2024).","updatedAt":1740063385426,"originalWidth":1620,"originalHeight":1620,"cloudflareId":"e7213c77-c365-494c-d14a-76a53b5c9300"},"autocratization-can-be-turned-around.png":{"id":3265,"filename":"autocratization-can-be-turned-around.png","defaultAlt":"The image displays a line chart titled \"Autocratization can be turned around,\" which illustrates the liberal democracy index for four countries: Brazil, Poland, Thailand, and Zambia. The index ranges from 0 to 1, with 1 being the highest score.\n\nThe scores for each country decreased substantially between 2004 and 2024, but increased again afterwards.\n\nThe visual includes flags of each country next to their respective graphs. A footer provides the data source as V-Dem, dated 2025, and is credited under a Creative Commons BY license.","updatedAt":1743006448964,"originalWidth":1620,"originalHeight":1620,"cloudflareId":"2dc73ec5-4ab8-4c03-fb20-73661a2f2100"},"brazil-homicide-road-deaths.png":{"id":3140,"filename":"brazil-homicide-road-deaths.png","defaultAlt":"A bar chart presents data on estimated deaths among young Brazilians aged 15 to 49 years in 2021, highlighting the significant difference between homicides and road injuries. The left bar, representing homicides, is tall and brown, indicating 48,000 deaths. The right bar, representing road injuries, is shorter and colored green, showing 25,000 deaths. The chart's title states that twice as many young Brazilians die from homicide compared to road injuries. Below the chart, the data source is identified as IHME, Global Burden of Disease (2024), with a note explaining that death estimates can vary based on sources and the quality of death records.","updatedAt":1741856366831,"originalWidth":1620,"originalHeight":1620,"cloudflareId":"afd99a39-56d2-4bed-7c4d-18c4953fe300"},"electricity-and-heat-drive-greenhouse-gas-emissions-in-the-worlds-largest-emitters.png":{"id":3251,"filename":"electricity-and-heat-drive-greenhouse-gas-emissions-in-the-worlds-largest-emitters.png","defaultAlt":"A data visualization titled \"Globally, electricity and heat produce the most emissions, but in some countries, transport now emits more,\" showing emissions measured in tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents over a 100-year timescale. \n\nThe main section features a line graph for the world, indicating that electricity and heat (in blue) contribute significantly to carbon emissions, peaking around 200 million tonnes, while transport (in pink) shows a gradual increase. There are three smaller graphs for the United Kingdom, Austria, and the overall world, demonstrating trends from 1990 to 2021. \n\nIn the United Kingdom's graph, transport emissions appear fairly stable with some fluctuations, while electricity and heat emissions show a decline after peaking. Austria's graph follows a similar pattern. The gray lines represent other sectors, which include aviation, shipping, buildings, and waste, displaying lower and more stable levels of emissions across the graphs.\n\nThe footer notes that the data source is Climate Watch from 2024 and includes a note on what is categorized as \"Other\" emissions. It states that land-use change emissions are not included in these data.","updatedAt":1742897409828,"originalWidth":1620,"originalHeight":1620,"cloudflareId":"5ad2619d-a8a6-4d3e-da8e-f5aa4c25c000"},"flu-extinction-weekly-cases-b-yamagata.png":{"id":3272,"filename":"flu-extinction-weekly-cases-b-yamagata.png","defaultAlt":"A line graph titled \"Confirmed cases of influenza B Yamagata\" shows weekly confirmed cases of B Yamagata influenza worldwide from various types of influenza surveillance. The vertical axis represents the number of cases, ranging from zero to 5,000, while the horizontal axis covers the years from 2013 to 2025. The graph indicates significant fluctuations in case numbers over the years, with a noticeable peak just below 5,000 cases around 2019, followed by a steep decline. A data source note mentions that only a fraction of potential influenza cases is tested by labs for confirmation and strain identification. The data comes from FluNet, World Health Organization, and is dated 2023. The graph is licensed under CC BY.","updatedAt":1743074916286,"originalWidth":1620,"originalHeight":1620,"cloudflareId":"513be1e5-96bc-46d3-861f-c584ab6b7200"},"global-electricity-fossil-nuclear-renewables.png":{"id":3002,"filename":"global-electricity-fossil-nuclear-renewables.png","defaultAlt":"The chart illustrates the share of global electricity generation by source from 1985 to 2023. Fossil fuels dominate but have declined from about 70% to under 60% in recent years. Renewables, driven by solar and wind, have grown significantly, now surpassing 30% of global electricity generation. Nuclear energy's share has declined steadily from over 15% in the 1990s to around 10%, reflecting its slower growth compared to electricity demand. Data is sourced from Ember and the Statistical Review of World Energy (2024).","updatedAt":1740063405246,"originalWidth":1620,"originalHeight":1620,"cloudflareId":"a40d304f-7710-4439-841e-05e80f858000"},"indonesia-china-extreme-poverty.png":{"id":3141,"filename":"indonesia-china-extreme-poverty.png","defaultAlt":"A line graph comparing the reduction of extreme poverty in China and Indonesia from 1984 to 2023. The y-axis represents the percentage of people living in extreme poverty, ranging from 0% to 80%. The x-axis displays the years, from 1984 to 2023. \n\nIn China, the blue line starts at 82% in 1984, showing a steep decline over the years, particularly after the year 2000, and reaching 1.8% in 2023. A notable spike is observed around 1998, correlating with the Indonesian riots.\n\nIn Indonesia, the red line starts at 74% in 1984, with gradual decreases throughout the years, and also reaching 1.8% in 2023, though it consistently remains slightly higher than the Chinese line. \n\nThe title indicates that while China has made significant strides in reducing extreme poverty, Indonesia has also made noteworthy progress.","updatedAt":1741856392596,"originalWidth":1620,"originalHeight":1620,"cloudflareId":"da352425-7b1b-440f-83d4-c23f7915f600"}},"linkedAuthors":[],"linkedCharts":{"child-mortality":{"configType":"grapher","originalSlug":"child-mortality","title":"Child mortality 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undernourished","tab":"chart","resolvedUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prevalence-of-undernourishment","thumbnail":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prevalence-of-undernourishment.png","tags":[],"indicatorId":1016950},"cross-country-literacy-rates":{"configType":"grapher","originalSlug":"cross-country-literacy-rates","title":"Literacy rate","tab":"chart","resolvedUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-literacy-rates","thumbnail":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-literacy-rates.png","tags":[],"indicatorId":998324},"share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity":{"configType":"grapher","originalSlug":"share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity","title":"Share of the population with access to 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technologies","tab":"chart","resolvedUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/technology-adoption-by-households-in-the-united-states","thumbnail":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/technology-adoption-by-households-in-the-united-states.png","tags":[]},"climate-change":{"configType":"explorer","originalSlug":"climate-change","title":"Climate Change Impacts","subtitle":"Explore the impacts of global climate change.","resolvedUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/climate-change","thumbnail":"https://ourworldindata.org/default-thumbnail.png","tags":["Climate Change"]},"co2":{"configType":"explorer","originalSlug":"co2","title":"CO₂ and Greenhouse Gas Emissions","subtitle":"Explore data on greenhouse gas emissions.","resolvedUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/co2","thumbnail":"https://ourworldindata.org/default-thumbnail.png","tags":["CO2 & Greenhouse Gas Emissions"]},"poverty-explorer":{"configType":"explorer","originalSlug":"poverty-explorer","title":"Poverty","subtitle":"Explore key poverty indicators from World Bank data.","resolvedUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/poverty-explorer","thumbnail":"https://ourworldindata.org/default-thumbnail.png","tags":["Poverty"]},"population-and-demography":{"configType":"explorer","originalSlug":"population-and-demography","title":"Population & Demography","subtitle":"Explore data from the United Nations World Population Prospects.","resolvedUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/population-and-demography","thumbnail":"https://ourworldindata.org/default-thumbnail.png","tags":["Population and Demographic Change"]},"global-health":{"configType":"explorer","originalSlug":"global-health","title":"Global Health","subtitle":"Explore data on child and maternal health, diseases, life expectancy, and health systems around the world.","resolvedUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/global-health","thumbnail":"https://ourworldindata.org/default-thumbnail.png","tags":["Global Health"]},"energy":{"configType":"explorer","originalSlug":"energy","title":"Energy","subtitle":"Explore data on energy production and sources.","resolvedUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/energy","thumbnail":"https://ourworldindata.org/default-thumbnail.png","tags":["Energy"]}},"linkedIndicators":{"900793":{"id":900793,"title":"GDP per capita","attributionShort":"In constant international-$. Historical data – Maddison Project Database"},"989105":{"id":989105,"title":"Under-five mortality rate","attributionShort":"Long-run data – UN IGME; Gapminder"},"990305":{"id":990305,"title":"Share of population living in extreme poverty","attributionShort":"World Bank"},"998324":{"id":998324,"title":"Literacy rate"},"998404":{"id":998404,"title":"Per capita CO₂ emissions","attributionShort":"GCB"},"1002268":{"id":1002268,"title":"Life expectancy at birth","attributionShort":"period tables – Various sources"},"1007871":{"id":1007871,"title":"Share of the population with access to electricity","attributionShort":"World Bank"},"1016950":{"id":1016950,"title":"Share of people that are undernourished","attributionShort":"FAO"}},"linkedDocuments":{"14r_BwOo2Cl0NIlWWZs_N6ILXNmeUVPH2MoQsch_FNv4":{"id":"14r_BwOo2Cl0NIlWWZs_N6ILXNmeUVPH2MoQsch_FNv4","title":"Air pollution kills millions every year — where does it come from?","slug":"air-pollution-sources","authors":["Hannah Ritchie","Pablo Rosado"],"publishedAt":"March 31, 2025","published":true,"subtitle":"A breakdown of the sources of many air pollutants that damage our health and ecosystems.","excerpt":"A breakdown of the sources of many air pollutants that damage our health and ecosystems.","type":"article","featured-image":"air-pollution-sources-featured.png"},"1fIe8_MLak-CyZJSe6amBIeF3fMDBjbTSniAP9skWIdY":{"id":"1fIe8_MLak-CyZJSe6amBIeF3fMDBjbTSniAP9skWIdY","title":"Three billion people cannot afford a healthy diet","slug":"diet-affordability","authors":["Hannah Ritchie","Pablo Rosado"],"publishedAt":"July 12, 2021","published":true,"subtitle":"A healthy, nutritious diet is much more expensive than a calorie sufficient one. As a result, three billion people cannot afford a healthy diet.","excerpt":"A healthy, nutritious diet is much more expensive than a calorie sufficient one. As a result, three billion people cannot afford a healthy diet.","type":"article","featured-image":"Diet-costs-thumbnail.png"},"1HO_GZKn1fCVXx6QTx1OqvNWZ7MZbuEsGuvH81SamOZ4":{"id":"1HO_GZKn1fCVXx6QTx1OqvNWZ7MZbuEsGuvH81SamOZ4","title":"For many of us, it doesn’t cost much to improve someone’s life, and we can do much more of it","slug":"foreign-aid-donations-increase","authors":["Hannah Ritchie"],"publishedAt":"March 10, 2025","published":true,"subtitle":"Most countries spend less than 1% of their national income on foreign aid; even small increases could make a big difference.","excerpt":"Most countries spend less than 1% of their national income on foreign aid; even small increases could make a big difference.","type":"article","featured-image":"foreign-aid-increase-featured.png"},"1U1GA8TtE3cgSfFg7tjMUby35PB5VaNTgBFaozO6JpzI":{"id":"1U1GA8TtE3cgSfFg7tjMUby35PB5VaNTgBFaozO6JpzI","title":"“Cool” years are now hotter than the “warm” years of the past: tracking global temperatures through El Niño and La Niña","slug":"global-temperatures-el-nino-la-nina","authors":["Veronika Samborska","Hannah Ritchie"],"publishedAt":"March 03, 2025","published":true,"subtitle":"The world is warming despite natural fluctuations from the El Niño cycle.","excerpt":"The world is warming despite natural fluctuations from the El Niño cycle.","type":"article","featured-image":"el-nino-la-nina-featured.png"},"1YN-T_Mqy0UQCT7SwvWhfd4TcqjSk2PAO5YxLeMi2mP4":{"id":"1YN-T_Mqy0UQCT7SwvWhfd4TcqjSk2PAO5YxLeMi2mP4","title":"How much foreign aid is spent domestically rather than overseas?","slug":"foreign-aid-domestic-overseas","authors":["Simon van Teutem","Hannah Ritchie"],"publishedAt":"March 24, 2025","published":true,"subtitle":"In many countries, a substantial share of aid is spent domestically on hosting refugees, offering student scholarships, and administrative costs.","excerpt":"In many countries, a significant share of aid is spent domestically on hosting refugees, offering student scholarships, and administrative costs.","type":"article","featured-image":"foreign-aid-refugees-featured.png"}},"latestDataInsights":[{"id":"109lV8ftm9xld5pitesrTtX0C242GYoaNBAeIBoL65T0","slug":"transport-now-emits-more-than-electricity-and-heat-in-some-countries","publishedAt":"2025-04-04T03:00:00.000Z","content":{"body":[{"size":"narrow","type":"image","filename":"electricity-and-heat-drive-greenhouse-gas-emissions-in-the-worlds-largest-emitters.png","hasOutline":false,"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"Globally, electricity and heating remain the largest sources of carbon emissions, but in some countries, transport has overtaken them.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"In Spain and Austria, heating and electricity emissions fell while transport rose. In the UK, both declined.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"The trend reflects the decarbonization of electricity, driven by the transition to renewables, while transport emissions remain high due to continued reliance on fossil fuels.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"As countries work toward net-zero targets, addressing transport emissions will be critical in the fight against climate change.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/data?topics=CO2+%26+Greenhouse+Gas+Emissions","children":[{"text":"Explore more in our data on greenhouse emissions","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" →","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"refs":{"errors":[],"definitions":{}},"type":"data-insight","title":"Transport now emits more than electricity and heat in some countries","authors":["Veronika Samborska"],"figma-url":"https://www.figma.com/design/l8AusQOZfgaxJ0wVcMrTry/Charts-(2025)?node-id=9935-290&t=aPhdSuv0vg4XUMlI-1","approved-by":"Hannah","grapher-url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/ghg-emissions-by-sector-stacked","narrative-chart":"electricity-and-heat-drive-greenhouse-gas-emissions-in-the-worlds-largest-emitters"}},{"id":"1m0scvH4UVLeiImAuqBPfWuNZYvfJCZxWmljnlSU-9rw","slug":"a-flu-strain-has-likely-gone-extinct-since-2020","publishedAt":"2025-04-03T03:00:00.000Z","content":{"body":[{"size":"narrow","type":"image","filename":"flu-extinction-weekly-cases-b-yamagata.png","hasOutline":false,"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"Flu viruses spread every year and cause seasonal outbreaks. But one type, called influenza B Yamagata, ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanmic/article/PIIS2666-5247(24)00066-1/fulltext","children":[{"text":"may have completely disappeared","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":".","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"The chart shows global confirmed cases of B Yamagata flu over time. Before 2020, it peaked each flu season. However, no confirmed cases have been reported worldwide in the last five years.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"This ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/science.adq3003","children":[{"text":"likely happened","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" because COVID-19 precautions — such as social distancing, masks, and travel restrictions — sharply reduced social contact. With fewer opportunities to spread from person to person, B Yamagata couldn’t sustain transmission and eventually died out.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"Regulatory health agencies like the WHO, European Medicines Agency, and US CDC have ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/news/eu-recommendations-2024-2025-seasonal-flu-vaccine-composition","children":[{"text":"recommended","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" removing it from flu vaccines. This could allow room for other strains to be included in seasonal flu vaccines, ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41541-024-01010-y","children":[{"text":"improving overall vaccine effectiveness","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":".","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/influenza#explore-our-data-on-influenza","children":[{"text":"Explore the data on influenza in our data explorer","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" →","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"refs":{"errors":[],"definitions":{}},"type":"data-insight","title":"A flu strain has likely gone extinct since 2020","authors":["Saloni Dattani","Fiona Spooner"],"figma-url":"https://www.figma.com/design/l8AusQOZfgaxJ0wVcMrTry/Charts-(2025)?node-id=9759-20&t=M6R5DFZcYa8ZcluS-1","approved-by":"Hannah","grapher-url":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/influenza?Confirmed+cases+or+Symptoms=Confirmed+cases&Metric=Influenza+B+Yamagata&Interval=Monthly&Surveillance+type=All+types&country=Northern+Hemisphere~Southern+Hemisphere","narrative-chart":""}},{"id":"1PhFL9q0pvGmc15xorkrIkFAwcWrUcabPF4i3V0u-flk","slug":"china-reduced-extreme-poverty-rapidly-but-indonesia-hasnt-been-far-behind","publishedAt":"2025-04-02T04:00:00.000Z","content":{"body":[{"size":"narrow","type":"image","filename":"indonesia-china-extreme-poverty.png","hasOutline":false,"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"China is often the poster child for rapid reductions in poverty, and for good reason: in the early 1980s, over 90% of its population lived in extreme poverty, but by the early 2020s, that number had dropped to nearly zero.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"Some people assume that China is the only reason global extreme poverty has declined. But ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/data-insights/was-the-global-decline-of-extreme-poverty-only-due-to-china","children":[{"text":"that’s wrong","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":": many other countries have seen dramatic reductions in poverty. Indonesia is one clear example; it’s shown alongside China on the chart.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"In 1984, three-quarters of Indonesians lived on less than $2.15 per day. By 2023, this had fallen to less than 2%. While it didn’t quite match China’s decline, it has still been impressive. The ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"children":[{"text":"number ","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-italic"},{"text":"of people living in extreme poverty ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/poverty-explorer?tab=chart&country=~IDN&Indicator=Number+in+poverty&Poverty+line=%242.15+per+day%3A+International+Poverty+Line&Household+survey+data+type=Show+data+from+both+income+and+consumption+surveys&Show+breaks+between+less+comparable+surveys=false","children":[{"text":"has fallen","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" from 120 million to 5 million.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"Note that the international poverty line is extremely low, defined as people living on less than $2.15 per day. 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This index measures key aspects of democracy, such as the fairness of elections and checks on government power. It ranges from 0 (highly autocratic) to 1 (highly democratic).","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"The four countries in the chart all saw serious declines in democracy over the past 20 years—these declines are shown in red. In Thailand, democracy eroded quickly, while in Zambia, it happened more slowly.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"Still, in each case, people resisted growing authoritarianism. 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We can, therefore, think of ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/child-mortality","children":[{"text":"child mortality","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" as a proxy indicator of a country’s living conditions.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"The chart shows our long-run data on child mortality, which allows you to see how child mortality has changed in countries around the world.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"type":"key-indicator","title":"What share of children die before their fifth birthday?","source":"Long-run estimates combining data from UN & Gapminder","datapageUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality?time=earliest..latest","parseErrors":[]},{"text":[{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"The UN sets the “International Poverty Line” as a worldwide comparable definition for extreme poverty. 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Whether or not countries are leaving the worst poverty behind can be monitored by relying on this indicator.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"type":"key-indicator","title":"What share of the population lives in extreme poverty?","datapageUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty","parseErrors":[]},{"text":[{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"Across the world, people are living longer. In 1900, the global average life expectancy of a newborn was 32 years. By 2021, this had more than doubled to 71 years.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"Big improvements were achieved by countries ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/life-expectancy-globally","children":[{"text":"around the world","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":". The chart shows that life expectancy has more than doubled in every region of the world. This improvement is not only due to declining child mortality; life expectancy increased ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/its-not-just-about-child-mortality-life-expectancy-improved-at-all-ages","children":[{"text":"at all ages","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":".","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"This visualization shows long-run estimates of life expectancy brought together by our team from several different data sources. It also shows that the ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus","children":[{"text":"COVID-19 pandemic","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" led to reduced life expectancy worldwide.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"type":"key-indicator","title":"How has people’s life expectancy changed over time?","source":"Long-run estimates collated from multiple sources by Our World in Data","datapageUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy","parseErrors":[]},{"text":[{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"The main source of carbon dioxide (CO","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"children":[{"text":"2","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-subscript"},{"text":") emissions is the burning of fossil fuels. It is the primary ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/co2-and-greenhouse-gas-emissions","children":[{"text":"greenhouse gas","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" causing ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/climate-change","children":[{"text":"climate change","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":".","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"Globally, CO","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"children":[{"text":"2","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-subscript"},{"text":" emissions have remained at just below 5 tonnes per person for over a decade. Between countries, however, there are large differences, and while emissions are rapidly increasing in some countries, they are rapidly falling in others.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"The source for this CO","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"children":[{"text":"2","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-subscript"},{"text":" data is the Global Carbon Budget, a dataset we update yearly as soon as it is published. In addition to these production-based emissions, they publish consumption-based emissions for the last three decades, which can be viewed in our ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/co2?facet=none&country=CHN~USA~IND~FRA&Gas+or+Warming=CO%E2%82%82&Accounting=Consumption-based&Fuel+or+Land+Use+Change=All+fossil+emissions&Count=Per+capita","children":[{"text":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data Explorer","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":".","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"type":"key-indicator","title":"How have CO₂ emissions per capita changed?","source":"Long-run estimates from the Global Carbon Budget","datapageUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions-per-capita?tab=chart&country=USA~GBR~CHN~ZAF~PAN","parseErrors":[]},{"text":[{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"GDP per capita is a very comprehensive measure of people’s ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/what-is-economic-growth","children":[{"text":"average income","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":". This indicator reveals how large the inequality between people in different countries is. In the poorest countries, people live on less than $1,000 per year, while in rich countries, the average income is more than 50 times higher.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"The data shown is sourced from the Maddison Project Database. Drawing together the careful work of hundreds of economic historians, the particular value of this data lies in the historical coverage it provides. This data makes clear that the vast majority of people in all countries ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/extreme-history-methods","children":[{"text":"were poor","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" in the past. It allows us to understand when and how the ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/economic-growth","children":[{"text":"economic growth","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" that made it possible ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/breaking-the-malthusian-trap","children":[{"text":"to leave","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" the deep poverty of the past behind was achieved.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"type":"key-indicator","title":"How do average incomes compare between countries around the world?","source":"Long-run estimates from the Maddison Project Database","datapageUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database","parseErrors":[]},{"text":[{"type":"text","value":[{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/hunger-and-undernourishment","children":[{"text":"Hunger","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" has been a severe problem for most of humanity throughout history. Growing enough food to feed one’s family was a constant struggle in daily life. Food shortages, malnutrition, and ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/famines","children":[{"text":"famines","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" were common around the world.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"The UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization publishes global data on undernourishment, defined as not consuming enough calories to maintain a normal, active, healthy life. These minimum requirements vary by a person’s sex, weight, height, and activity levels. This is considered in these national and global estimates.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"The world has made much progress in reducing global hunger in recent decades. But we are still far away from an end to hunger, as this indicator shows. Tragically, nearly one in ten people still do not get enough food to eat and in recent years — especially during the pandemic — hunger levels have increased.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"type":"key-indicator","title":"What share of the population is suffering from hunger?","datapageUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prevalence-of-undernourishment","parseErrors":[]},{"text":[{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"Literacy is a foundational skill. Children need to learn to read so that they can read to learn. When we fail to teach this foundational skill, people have fewer opportunities to lead the rich and interesting lives that a good education offers.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"The historical data shows that only a very small share of the population, a tiny elite, was able to read and write. Over the course of the last few generations, literacy levels increased, but ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/better-learning","children":[{"text":"it remains","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" an important challenge for our time to provide this foundational skill to all.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"At Our World in Data, ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/how-is-literacy-measured","children":[{"text":"we investigated","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" the strengths and shortcomings of the available data on literacy. Based on this work, our team brought together the long-run data shown in the chart by combining several different sources, including the World Bank, the CIA Factbook, and a range of research publications.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"type":"key-indicator","title":"When has literacy become a widespread skill?","source":"Long-run estimates collated from multiple sources by Our World in Data","datapageUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-literacy-rates?country=RUS~GBR~NLD~CRI~ISR~SGP~CHL~CHN~MAC~OWID_WRL~IND~TZA","parseErrors":[]},{"text":[{"type":"text","value":[{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/light-at-night","children":[{"text":"Light at night","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" makes it possible to get together after sunset; ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/mobile-cellular-subscriptions-per-100-people","children":[{"text":"mobile phones","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" allow us to stay in touch with those far away; the refrigeration of food reduces food waste; and ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/technology-adoption-by-households-in-the-united-states","children":[{"text":"household appliances","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" free up time from household chores. Access to electricity improves people’s living conditions in many ways.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"The World Bank data on the world map captures whether people have access to the ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"children":[{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/definition-electricity-access","children":[{"text":"most basic","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"}],"spanType":"span-italic"},{"text":" electricity supply — just enough to provide basic lighting and charge a phone or power a radio for 4 hours per day.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"It shows that, especially in several African countries, a large share of the population lacks the benefits that basic electricity offers. No radio and no light at night.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"type":"key-indicator","title":"Where do people lack access to even the most basic electricity supply?","datapageUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity?time=latest","parseErrors":[]}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"explorer-tiles","title":"Data explorers","subtitle":"Interactive visualization tools to explore a wide range of related indicators.","explorers":[{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/poverty-explorer"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/population-and-demography"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/global-health"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/energy"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"refs":{"errors":[],"definitions":{}},"type":"homepage","title":"OWID Homepage","authors":["Our World in Data"],"excerpt":"OWID Homepage"},"authors":["Our World in Data"]}</script><script> function setJSEnabled(enabled) { var elem = 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From left to right: Science, Nature, PNAS, BBC, Financial Times, The New York Times, The Guardian, The Atlantic, and The Washington Post" width="230" height="75" loading="lazy"/></section><section class="grid grid-cols-9 span-cols-9 col-start-5 span-md-cols-12 col-md-start-2 homepage-intro__right-section"><h2 class="span-cols-9 span-md-cols-12 h5-black-caps homepage-intro__featured-work-heading">Featured work</h2><div class="grid grid-cols-9 span-cols-9 span-md-cols-12 homepage-intro__featured-work-container"><div class="homepage-intro__primary-tiles span-cols-6"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/air-pollution-sources" class="homepage-intro__featured-tile"><div class="image"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/5a98a347-7411-40c8-4c1b-30a542d22f00/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/5a98a347-7411-40c8-4c1b-30a542d22f00/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/5a98a347-7411-40c8-4c1b-30a542d22f00/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/5a98a347-7411-40c8-4c1b-30a542d22f00/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/5a98a347-7411-40c8-4c1b-30a542d22f00/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/5a98a347-7411-40c8-4c1b-30a542d22f00/w=3600 3600w" type="image/png" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 95vw, (min-width: 960px) 640px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/5a98a347-7411-40c8-4c1b-30a542d22f00/w=3600" alt="Featured image" class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="air-pollution-sources-featured.png" width="3600" height="1890"/></picture></div><span class="h6-black-caps homepage-intro__featured-work-kicker"><span class="homepage-intro__new-tag">New</span>Article · 15 min read</span><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-title">Air pollution kills millions every year — where does it come from?</p><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-description">A breakdown of the sources of many air pollutants that damage our health and ecosystems.</p><p class="body-3-medium-italic homepage-intro__featured-work-authors">Hannah Ritchie and Pablo Rosado</p></a></div><div class="homepage-intro__secondary-tiles span-cols-3 col-start-7"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/diet-affordability" class="homepage-intro__featured-tile"><div class="image"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/6c422c10-cc58-4659-301f-bd6cb1493f00/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/6c422c10-cc58-4659-301f-bd6cb1493f00/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/6c422c10-cc58-4659-301f-bd6cb1493f00/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/6c422c10-cc58-4659-301f-bd6cb1493f00/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/6c422c10-cc58-4659-301f-bd6cb1493f00/w=1200 1200w" type="image/png" sizes="350px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/6c422c10-cc58-4659-301f-bd6cb1493f00/w=1200" class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="Diet-costs-thumbnail.png" width="1200" height="630"/></picture></div><span class="h6-black-caps homepage-intro__featured-work-kicker">From our classics</span><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-title">Three billion people cannot afford a healthy diet</p><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-description">A healthy, nutritious diet is much more expensive than a calorie sufficient one. As a result, three billion people cannot afford a healthy diet.</p><p class="body-3-medium-italic homepage-intro__featured-work-authors">Hannah Ritchie and Pablo Rosado</p></a><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/foreign-aid-domestic-overseas" class="homepage-intro__featured-tile"><div class="image"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/78a7ce1c-2086-4716-c5dc-30f130bbee00/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/78a7ce1c-2086-4716-c5dc-30f130bbee00/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/78a7ce1c-2086-4716-c5dc-30f130bbee00/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/78a7ce1c-2086-4716-c5dc-30f130bbee00/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/78a7ce1c-2086-4716-c5dc-30f130bbee00/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/78a7ce1c-2086-4716-c5dc-30f130bbee00/w=3600 3600w" type="image/png" sizes="350px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/78a7ce1c-2086-4716-c5dc-30f130bbee00/w=3600" alt="Featured image" class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="foreign-aid-refugees-featured.png" width="3600" height="1890"/></picture></div><span class="h6-black-caps homepage-intro__featured-work-kicker">Article · 8 min read</span><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-title">How much foreign aid is spent domestically rather than overseas?</p><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-description">In many countries, a significant share of aid is spent domestically on hosting refugees, offering student scholarships, and administrative costs.</p><p class="body-3-medium-italic homepage-intro__featured-work-authors">Simon van Teutem and Hannah Ritchie</p></a></div><div class="homepage-intro__tertiary-tiles span-cols-6 grid grid-cols-6"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/foreign-aid-donations-increase" class="homepage-intro__featured-tile span-cols-3"><div class="image"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/486658e7-cc1e-4bed-f5a7-4c66b7ced500/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/486658e7-cc1e-4bed-f5a7-4c66b7ced500/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/486658e7-cc1e-4bed-f5a7-4c66b7ced500/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/486658e7-cc1e-4bed-f5a7-4c66b7ced500/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/486658e7-cc1e-4bed-f5a7-4c66b7ced500/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/486658e7-cc1e-4bed-f5a7-4c66b7ced500/w=3600 3600w" type="image/png" sizes="350px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/486658e7-cc1e-4bed-f5a7-4c66b7ced500/w=3600" alt="Featured image" class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="foreign-aid-increase-featured.png" width="3600" height="1890"/></picture></div><span class="h6-black-caps homepage-intro__featured-work-kicker">Article · 14 min read</span><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-title">For many of us, it doesn’t cost much to improve someone’s life, and we can do much more of it</p><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-description">Most countries spend less than 1% of their national income on foreign aid; even small increases could make a big difference.</p><p class="body-3-medium-italic homepage-intro__featured-work-authors">Hannah Ritchie</p></a><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/global-temperatures-el-nino-la-nina" class="homepage-intro__featured-tile span-cols-3"><div class="image"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/40c0d7fb-f503-45b1-8eda-8cc001f4dd00/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/40c0d7fb-f503-45b1-8eda-8cc001f4dd00/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/40c0d7fb-f503-45b1-8eda-8cc001f4dd00/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/40c0d7fb-f503-45b1-8eda-8cc001f4dd00/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/40c0d7fb-f503-45b1-8eda-8cc001f4dd00/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/40c0d7fb-f503-45b1-8eda-8cc001f4dd00/w=2400 2400w" type="image/png" sizes="350px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/40c0d7fb-f503-45b1-8eda-8cc001f4dd00/w=2400" alt="Featured image." class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="el-nino-la-nina-featured.png" width="2400" height="1260"/></picture></div><span class="h6-black-caps homepage-intro__featured-work-kicker">Article · 3 min read</span><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-title">“Cool” years are now hotter than the “warm” years of the past: tracking global temperatures through El Niño and La Niña</p><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-description">The world is warming despite natural fluctuations from the El Niño cycle.</p><p class="body-3-medium-italic homepage-intro__featured-work-authors">Veronika Samborska and Hannah Ritchie</p></a></div><div class="span-cols-6 homepage-intro__see-all-work-button-container"><a href="/latest" class="owid-btn owid-btn--outline-vermillion body-3-medium homepage-intro__see-all-work-button"><span>See all our latest work</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right owid-btn--icon-right" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div></div><div class="span-cols-6 span-sm-cols-12"><a href="/latest" class="owid-btn owid-btn--outline-vermillion body-3-medium homepage-intro__see-all-work-button homepage-intro__see-all-work-button--mobile"><span>See all our latest work</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right owid-btn--icon-right" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div></section></section><section class="article-block__latest-data-insights grid grid-cols-12-full-width span-cols-14 latest-data-insights-block"><header class="latest-data-insights-block__header span-cols-8 col-start-2 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><h2 class="h2-bold">Daily Data Insights</h2><p class="body-2-regular">Bite-sized insights on how the world is changing, published every weekday.</p></header><a href="/data-insights" class="owid-btn owid-btn--outline-vermillion latest-data-insights-block__see-all-data-insights-button body-3-medium span-cols-4 col-start-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>See all Daily Data Insights</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right owid-btn--icon-right" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a><div class="latest-data-insights span-cols-12 col-start-2"><div class="latest-data-insights__viewport"><div class="latest-data-insights__card-container"><a class="latest-data-insights__card latest-data-insights__card__data-insight" href="/data-insights#most-recent-data-insight" aria-labelledby="latest-data-insights__card-title-0"><div class="image latest-data-insights__card-left"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/5ad2619d-a8a6-4d3e-da8e-f5aa4c25c000/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/5ad2619d-a8a6-4d3e-da8e-f5aa4c25c000/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/5ad2619d-a8a6-4d3e-da8e-f5aa4c25c000/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/5ad2619d-a8a6-4d3e-da8e-f5aa4c25c000/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/5ad2619d-a8a6-4d3e-da8e-f5aa4c25c000/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/5ad2619d-a8a6-4d3e-da8e-f5aa4c25c000/w=1620 1620w" type="image/png" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 95vw, (min-width: 960px) 533px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/5ad2619d-a8a6-4d3e-da8e-f5aa4c25c000/w=1620" alt="A data visualization titled "Globally, electricity and heat produce the most emissions, but in some countries, transport now emits more," showing emissions measured in tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents over a 100-year timescale. The main section features a line graph for the world, indicating that electricity and heat (in blue) contribute significantly to carbon emissions, peaking around 200 million tonnes, while transport (in pink) shows a gradual increase. There are three smaller graphs for the United Kingdom, Austria, and the overall world, demonstrating trends from 1990 to 2021. In the United Kingdom's graph, transport emissions appear fairly stable with some fluctuations, while electricity and heat emissions show a decline after peaking. Austria's graph follows a similar pattern. The gray lines represent other sectors, which include aviation, shipping, buildings, and waste, displaying lower and more stable levels of emissions across the graphs. The footer notes that the data source is Climate Watch from 2024 and includes a note on what is categorized as "Other" emissions. It states that land-use change emissions are not included in these data." class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="electricity-and-heat-drive-greenhouse-gas-emissions-in-the-worlds-largest-emitters.png" width="1620" height="1620"/></picture></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-right"><p class="data-insight-dateline latest-data-insights__card-dateline"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="calendar-day" class="svg-inline--fa fa-calendar-day data-insight-dateline__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M128 0c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32l0 32 128 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32s32 14.3 32 32l0 32 48 0c26.5 0 48 21.5 48 48l0 48L0 160l0-48C0 85.5 21.5 64 48 64l48 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32zM0 192l448 0 0 272c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48L48 512c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48L0 192zm80 64c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16l0 96c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16l96 0c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16l0-96c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16l-96 0z"></path></svg>Yesterday</p><h3 id="latest-data-insights__card-title-0" class="latest-data-insights__card-title">Transport now emits more than electricity and heat in some countries</h3><div class="latest-data-insights__card-body"><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Globally, electricity and heating remain the largest sources of carbon emissions, but in some countries, transport has overtaken them.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>In Spain and Austria, heating and electricity emissions fell while transport rose. In the UK, both declined.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>The trend reflects the decarbonization of electricity, driven by the transition to renewables, while transport emissions remain high due to continued reliance on fossil fuels.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>As countries work toward net-zero targets, addressing transport emissions will be critical in the fight against climate change.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span><span>Explore more in our data on greenhouse emissions</span></span><span> →</span></p></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-continue"><span class="body-3-medium-underlined">Continue reading</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="font-size:10px"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><a class="latest-data-insights__card latest-data-insights__card__data-insight" href="/data-insights#second-most-recent-data-insight" aria-labelledby="latest-data-insights__card-title-1"><div class="image latest-data-insights__card-left"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/513be1e5-96bc-46d3-861f-c584ab6b7200/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/513be1e5-96bc-46d3-861f-c584ab6b7200/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/513be1e5-96bc-46d3-861f-c584ab6b7200/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/513be1e5-96bc-46d3-861f-c584ab6b7200/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/513be1e5-96bc-46d3-861f-c584ab6b7200/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/513be1e5-96bc-46d3-861f-c584ab6b7200/w=1620 1620w" type="image/png" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 95vw, (min-width: 960px) 533px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/513be1e5-96bc-46d3-861f-c584ab6b7200/w=1620" alt="A line graph titled "Confirmed cases of influenza B Yamagata" shows weekly confirmed cases of B Yamagata influenza worldwide from various types of influenza surveillance. The vertical axis represents the number of cases, ranging from zero to 5,000, while the horizontal axis covers the years from 2013 to 2025. The graph indicates significant fluctuations in case numbers over the years, with a noticeable peak just below 5,000 cases around 2019, followed by a steep decline. A data source note mentions that only a fraction of potential influenza cases is tested by labs for confirmation and strain identification. The data comes from FluNet, World Health Organization, and is dated 2023. The graph is licensed under CC BY." class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="flu-extinction-weekly-cases-b-yamagata.png" width="1620" height="1620"/></picture></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-right"><p class="data-insight-dateline latest-data-insights__card-dateline"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="calendar-day" class="svg-inline--fa fa-calendar-day data-insight-dateline__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M128 0c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32l0 32 128 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32s32 14.3 32 32l0 32 48 0c26.5 0 48 21.5 48 48l0 48L0 160l0-48C0 85.5 21.5 64 48 64l48 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32zM0 192l448 0 0 272c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48L48 512c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48L0 192zm80 64c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16l0 96c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16l96 0c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16l0-96c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16l-96 0z"></path></svg>April 03</p><h3 id="latest-data-insights__card-title-1" class="latest-data-insights__card-title">A flu strain has likely gone extinct since 2020</h3><div class="latest-data-insights__card-body"><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Flu viruses spread every year and cause seasonal outbreaks. But one type, called influenza B Yamagata, </span><span><span>may have completely disappeared</span></span><span>.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>The chart shows global confirmed cases of B Yamagata flu over time. Before 2020, it peaked each flu season. However, no confirmed cases have been reported worldwide in the last five years.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>This </span><span><span>likely happened</span></span><span> because COVID-19 precautions — such as social distancing, masks, and travel restrictions — sharply reduced social contact. With fewer opportunities to spread from person to person, B Yamagata couldn’t sustain transmission and eventually died out.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Regulatory health agencies like the WHO, European Medicines Agency, and US CDC have </span><span><span>recommended</span></span><span> removing it from flu vaccines. This could allow room for other strains to be included in seasonal flu vaccines, </span><span><span>improving overall vaccine effectiveness</span></span><span>.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span><span>Explore the data on influenza in our data explorer</span></span><span> →</span></p></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-continue"><span class="body-3-medium-underlined">Continue reading</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="font-size:10px"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><a class="latest-data-insights__card latest-data-insights__card__data-insight" href="/data-insights#third-most-recent-data-insight" aria-labelledby="latest-data-insights__card-title-2"><div class="image latest-data-insights__card-left"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/da352425-7b1b-440f-83d4-c23f7915f600/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/da352425-7b1b-440f-83d4-c23f7915f600/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/da352425-7b1b-440f-83d4-c23f7915f600/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/da352425-7b1b-440f-83d4-c23f7915f600/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/da352425-7b1b-440f-83d4-c23f7915f600/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/da352425-7b1b-440f-83d4-c23f7915f600/w=1620 1620w" type="image/png" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 95vw, (min-width: 960px) 533px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/da352425-7b1b-440f-83d4-c23f7915f600/w=1620" alt="A line graph comparing the reduction of extreme poverty in China and Indonesia from 1984 to 2023. The y-axis represents the percentage of people living in extreme poverty, ranging from 0% to 80%. The x-axis displays the years, from 1984 to 2023. In China, the blue line starts at 82% in 1984, showing a steep decline over the years, particularly after the year 2000, and reaching 1.8% in 2023. A notable spike is observed around 1998, correlating with the Indonesian riots. In Indonesia, the red line starts at 74% in 1984, with gradual decreases throughout the years, and also reaching 1.8% in 2023, though it consistently remains slightly higher than the Chinese line. The title indicates that while China has made significant strides in reducing extreme poverty, Indonesia has also made noteworthy progress." class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="indonesia-china-extreme-poverty.png" width="1620" height="1620"/></picture></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-right"><p class="data-insight-dateline latest-data-insights__card-dateline"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="calendar-day" class="svg-inline--fa fa-calendar-day data-insight-dateline__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M128 0c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32l0 32 128 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32s32 14.3 32 32l0 32 48 0c26.5 0 48 21.5 48 48l0 48L0 160l0-48C0 85.5 21.5 64 48 64l48 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32zM0 192l448 0 0 272c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48L48 512c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48L0 192zm80 64c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16l0 96c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16l96 0c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16l0-96c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16l-96 0z"></path></svg>April 02</p><h3 id="latest-data-insights__card-title-2" class="latest-data-insights__card-title">China reduced extreme poverty rapidly, but Indonesia hasn't been far behind</h3><div class="latest-data-insights__card-body"><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>China is often the poster child for rapid reductions in poverty, and for good reason: in the early 1980s, over 90% of its population lived in extreme poverty, but by the early 2020s, that number had dropped to nearly zero.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Some people assume that China is the only reason global extreme poverty has declined. But </span><span><span>that’s wrong</span></span><span>: many other countries have seen dramatic reductions in poverty. Indonesia is one clear example; it’s shown alongside China on the chart.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>In 1984, three-quarters of Indonesians lived on less than $2.15 per day. By 2023, this had fallen to less than 2%. While it didn’t quite match China’s decline, it has still been impressive. The </span><em><span>number </span></em><span>of people living in extreme poverty </span><span><span>has fallen</span></span><span> from 120 million to 5 million.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Note that the international poverty line is extremely low, defined as people living on less than $2.15 per day. But Indonesia has also made progress </span><span><span>measured by higher poverty lines</span></span><span>.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span><span>Explore progress against poverty across the world in our data explorer</span></span><span> →</span></p></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-continue"><span class="body-3-medium-underlined">Continue reading</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="font-size:10px"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><a class="latest-data-insights__card latest-data-insights__card__data-insight" href="/data-insights#fourth-most-recent-data-insight" aria-labelledby="latest-data-insights__card-title-3"><div class="image latest-data-insights__card-left"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/2dc73ec5-4ab8-4c03-fb20-73661a2f2100/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/2dc73ec5-4ab8-4c03-fb20-73661a2f2100/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/2dc73ec5-4ab8-4c03-fb20-73661a2f2100/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/2dc73ec5-4ab8-4c03-fb20-73661a2f2100/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/2dc73ec5-4ab8-4c03-fb20-73661a2f2100/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/2dc73ec5-4ab8-4c03-fb20-73661a2f2100/w=1620 1620w" type="image/png" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 95vw, (min-width: 960px) 533px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/2dc73ec5-4ab8-4c03-fb20-73661a2f2100/w=1620" alt="The image displays a line chart titled "Autocratization can be turned around," which illustrates the liberal democracy index for four countries: Brazil, Poland, Thailand, and Zambia. The index ranges from 0 to 1, with 1 being the highest score. The scores for each country decreased substantially between 2004 and 2024, but increased again afterwards. The visual includes flags of each country next to their respective graphs. A footer provides the data source as V-Dem, dated 2025, and is credited under a Creative Commons BY license." class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="autocratization-can-be-turned-around.png" width="1620" height="1620"/></picture></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-right"><p class="data-insight-dateline latest-data-insights__card-dateline"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="calendar-day" class="svg-inline--fa fa-calendar-day data-insight-dateline__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M128 0c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32l0 32 128 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32s32 14.3 32 32l0 32 48 0c26.5 0 48 21.5 48 48l0 48L0 160l0-48C0 85.5 21.5 64 48 64l48 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32zM0 192l448 0 0 272c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48L48 512c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48L0 192zm80 64c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16l0 96c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16l96 0c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16l0-96c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16l-96 0z"></path></svg>April 01</p><h3 id="latest-data-insights__card-title-3" class="latest-data-insights__card-title">Four countries that have successfully reversed democratic decline in recent years</h3><div class="latest-data-insights__card-body"><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Several countries have recently managed to stop and even reverse the erosion of their democratic institutions.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>The chart illustrates these turnarounds using the liberal democracy index from the Varieties of Democracy project. This index measures key aspects of democracy, such as the fairness of elections and checks on government power. It ranges from 0 (highly autocratic) to 1 (highly democratic).</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>The four countries in the chart all saw serious declines in democracy over the past 20 years—these declines are shown in red. In Thailand, democracy eroded quickly, while in Zambia, it happened more slowly.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Still, in each case, people resisted growing authoritarianism. As a result, these countries were able to partially or fully restore previous levels of liberal democracy.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>These examples show that when democracy deteriorates, its fate is not sealed, and democratic institutions can be reclaimed.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span><span>Read more about how democratic decline has been reversed before in my article</span></span><span> →</span></p></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-continue"><span class="body-3-medium-underlined">Continue reading</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="font-size:10px"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><a class="latest-data-insights__card latest-data-insights__card__data-insight" href="/data-insights#fifth-most-recent-data-insight" aria-labelledby="latest-data-insights__card-title-4"><div class="image latest-data-insights__card-left"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/afd99a39-56d2-4bed-7c4d-18c4953fe300/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/afd99a39-56d2-4bed-7c4d-18c4953fe300/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/afd99a39-56d2-4bed-7c4d-18c4953fe300/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/afd99a39-56d2-4bed-7c4d-18c4953fe300/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/afd99a39-56d2-4bed-7c4d-18c4953fe300/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/afd99a39-56d2-4bed-7c4d-18c4953fe300/w=1620 1620w" type="image/png" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 95vw, (min-width: 960px) 533px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/afd99a39-56d2-4bed-7c4d-18c4953fe300/w=1620" alt="A bar chart presents data on estimated deaths among young Brazilians aged 15 to 49 years in 2021, highlighting the significant difference between homicides and road injuries. The left bar, representing homicides, is tall and brown, indicating 48,000 deaths. The right bar, representing road injuries, is shorter and colored green, showing 25,000 deaths. The chart's title states that twice as many young Brazilians die from homicide compared to road injuries. Below the chart, the data source is identified as IHME, Global Burden of Disease (2024), with a note explaining that death estimates can vary based on sources and the quality of death records." class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="brazil-homicide-road-deaths.png" width="1620" height="1620"/></picture></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-right"><p class="data-insight-dateline latest-data-insights__card-dateline"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="calendar-day" class="svg-inline--fa fa-calendar-day data-insight-dateline__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M128 0c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32l0 32 128 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32s32 14.3 32 32l0 32 48 0c26.5 0 48 21.5 48 48l0 48L0 160l0-48C0 85.5 21.5 64 48 64l48 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32zM0 192l448 0 0 272c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48L48 512c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48L0 192zm80 64c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16l0 96c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16l96 0c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16l0-96c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16l-96 0z"></path></svg>March 31</p><h3 id="latest-data-insights__card-title-4" class="latest-data-insights__card-title">Twice as many young Brazilians die from homicide than road injuries</h3><div class="latest-data-insights__card-body"><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Homicide rates in Brazil are among </span><span><span>some of the highest in the world</span></span><span>, and young people are more likely to be victims.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Another large killer of young people is road injuries. But in Brazil, the number of homicide deaths among young people is twice as high as that of road fatalities.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>You can see this in the chart: an estimated 48,000 people aged 15 to 49 years died by homicide in 2021 — almost double the 25,000 who died from road injuries.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>These comparisons are based on data from the IHME’s Global Burden of Disease study. Note that estimates of homicides can vary by source, </span><span><span>as explained</span></span><span> by my colleagues Bastian Herre and Fiona Spooner.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span><span>Explore more data on homicide rates across the world, including comparisons of different sources</span></span><span> →</span></p></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-continue"><span class="body-3-medium-underlined">Continue reading</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="font-size:10px"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><a class="latest-data-insights__card latest-data-insights__card__data-insight" href="/data-insights#sixth-most-recent-data-insight" aria-labelledby="latest-data-insights__card-title-5"><div class="image latest-data-insights__card-left"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/a40d304f-7710-4439-841e-05e80f858000/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/a40d304f-7710-4439-841e-05e80f858000/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/a40d304f-7710-4439-841e-05e80f858000/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/a40d304f-7710-4439-841e-05e80f858000/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/a40d304f-7710-4439-841e-05e80f858000/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/a40d304f-7710-4439-841e-05e80f858000/w=1620 1620w" type="image/png" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 95vw, (min-width: 960px) 533px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/a40d304f-7710-4439-841e-05e80f858000/w=1620" alt="The chart illustrates the share of global electricity generation by source from 1985 to 2023. Fossil fuels dominate but have declined from about 70% to under 60% in recent years. Renewables, driven by solar and wind, have grown significantly, now surpassing 30% of global electricity generation. Nuclear energy's share has declined steadily from over 15% in the 1990s to around 10%, reflecting its slower growth compared to electricity demand. Data is sourced from Ember and the Statistical Review of World Energy (2024)." class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="global-electricity-fossil-nuclear-renewables.png" width="1620" height="1620"/></picture></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-right"><p class="data-insight-dateline latest-data-insights__card-dateline"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="calendar-day" class="svg-inline--fa fa-calendar-day data-insight-dateline__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M128 0c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32l0 32 128 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32s32 14.3 32 32l0 32 48 0c26.5 0 48 21.5 48 48l0 48L0 160l0-48C0 85.5 21.5 64 48 64l48 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32zM0 192l448 0 0 272c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48L48 512c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48L0 192zm80 64c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16l0 96c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16l96 0c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16l0-96c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16l-96 0z"></path></svg>March 28</p><h3 id="latest-data-insights__card-title-5" class="latest-data-insights__card-title">The world is getting more of its electricity from renewables but less from nuclear power</h3><div class="latest-data-insights__card-body"><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>The world needs to move away from fossil fuels to low-carbon power if we’re to reduce our carbon emissions and tackle climate change.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>There are two key sources of low-carbon power: renewables (which include solar, wind, hydropower and others) and nuclear.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>While rapid growth </span><span><span>in solar and wind</span></span><span> has increased the amount of power coming from renewables, a lack of enthusiasm for nuclear means it’s playing a shrinking role in the global electricity mix.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>In the chart, you can see the share of global electricity coming from fossil fuels, renewables, and nuclear since 1985. Since 2000, nuclear and renewables have followed very different trajectories. Back then, both categories made up a similar share of global electricity, but today, renewables make up more than three times as much: 30% compared to 9%.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>The total amount of electricity produced by nuclear plants is </span><span><span>almost exactly the same</span></span><span> as it was two decades ago. But because the world produces much more electricity overall, its share of the electricity mix has declined.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Explore the electricity mix of different countries in our </span><span><span>Energy Data Explorer</span></span><span> →</span></p></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-continue"><span class="body-3-medium-underlined">Continue reading</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="font-size:10px"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><a class="latest-data-insights__card latest-data-insights__card__data-insight" href="/data-insights#seventh-most-recent-data-insight" aria-labelledby="latest-data-insights__card-title-6"><div class="image latest-data-insights__card-left"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/e7213c77-c365-494c-d14a-76a53b5c9300/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/e7213c77-c365-494c-d14a-76a53b5c9300/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/e7213c77-c365-494c-d14a-76a53b5c9300/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/e7213c77-c365-494c-d14a-76a53b5c9300/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/e7213c77-c365-494c-d14a-76a53b5c9300/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/e7213c77-c365-494c-d14a-76a53b5c9300/w=1620 1620w" type="image/png" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 95vw, (min-width: 960px) 533px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/e7213c77-c365-494c-d14a-76a53b5c9300/w=1620" alt="The chart shows the share of all deaths caused by HIV/AIDS in Botswana, South Africa, Namibia, and Zimbabwe from 1980 to 2021. During the epidemic's peak, HIV/AIDS accounted for more than half of all deaths in some countries. A steep decline began after the mid-2000s, largely due to improved treatments. A notable drop in 2020-2021 reflects increased COVID-19 deaths impacting overall mortality proportions. Data is sourced from IHME, Global Burden of Disease (2024)." class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="aids-deaths-share-africa.png" width="1620" height="1620"/></picture></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-right"><p class="data-insight-dateline latest-data-insights__card-dateline"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="calendar-day" class="svg-inline--fa fa-calendar-day data-insight-dateline__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M128 0c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32l0 32 128 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32s32 14.3 32 32l0 32 48 0c26.5 0 48 21.5 48 48l0 48L0 160l0-48C0 85.5 21.5 64 48 64l48 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32zM0 192l448 0 0 272c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48L48 512c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48L0 192zm80 64c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16l0 96c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16l96 0c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16l0-96c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16l-96 0z"></path></svg>March 27</p><h3 id="latest-data-insights__card-title-6" class="latest-data-insights__card-title">At the peak of the HIV epidemic, AIDS caused more than half of all deaths in some countries</h3><div class="latest-data-insights__card-body"><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>The HIV epidemic — which started in the early 1980s and continued into the 1990s — has had lasting impacts that continue today. Almost </span><span><span>one million people</span></span><span> still die from HIV/AIDS every year globally.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>However, some countries were hit much harder than others.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>In the chart, you can see the share of all deaths in a given year that were caused by HIV/AIDS in four countries in Sub-Saharan Africa that were badly affected.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>At the height of the epidemic, more than half of all deaths in Zimbabwe and Botswana and almost 40% in South Africa and Namibia were caused by the disease.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Thankfully, interventions to prevent the spread of HIV and treatments such as </span><span><span>antiretroviral therapy</span></span><span> have reduced death rates across the world. But more than one in ten deaths in these countries are still caused by AIDS today.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span><span>Read our article on antiretroviral therapy and the millions of lives it has saved</span></span><span> →</span></p></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-continue"><span class="body-3-medium-underlined">Continue reading</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="font-size:10px"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a></div></div><div class="latest-data-insights__dots"></div></div><div class="data-insights-newsletter grid grid-cols-12-full-width span-cols-14"><div class="data-insights-newsletter__inner span-cols-12 col-start-2"><div class="data-insights-newsletter__left"><svg class="data-insights-newsletter__icon" width="48" height="48" viewBox="0 0 48 48" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle cx="24" cy="24" r="24" fill="#DBE5F0"></circle><rect x="11.2676" y="19.3955" width="25.4664" height="17.3389" rx="2.70925" fill="white"></rect><rect x="15.0605" y="11.8096" width="17.8807" height="13.0041" fill="white"></rect><path d="M11.268 21.107C11.2238 21.2788 11.2002 21.4564 11.2002 21.6383V34.1352C11.2002 34.6771 11.364 35.1768 11.6391 35.5977L20.1865 28.5774L11.2685 21.107H11.268Z" fill="#46688F"></path><path d="M36.731 21.1088L27.8145 28.5774L36.3612 35.5972C36.6386 35.1758 36.8002 34.675 36.8002 34.1352V21.6383C36.8002 21.4575 36.7756 21.2798 36.7303 21.1087L36.731 21.1088Z" fill="#46688F"></path><path d="M15.467 12.8C15.467 12.5061 15.7059 12.2667 16.0004 12.2667H32.0016C32.296 12.2667 32.5349 12.5061 32.5349 12.8V23.2089L36.2026 20.1367C36.098 20.0268 35.9881 19.9207 35.8618 19.8316L33.6018 18.0528V12.8001C33.6018 11.9179 32.8839 11.2 32.0017 11.2H16.0005C15.1183 11.2 14.4004 11.9179 14.4004 12.8001V18.0528L12.1656 19.8129C12.0301 19.9078 11.9122 20.0204 11.8008 20.1377L15.4673 23.2088L15.467 12.8Z" fill="#46688F"></path><path d="M22.9858 27.6593L12.3945 36.358C12.8186 36.638 13.3247 36.8022 13.8678 36.8022H34.1359C34.6805 36.8022 35.1855 36.6358 35.6069 36.3563L25.018 27.6591C24.4292 27.1752 23.5747 27.1752 22.9864 27.6591L22.9858 27.6593Z" fill="#46688F"></path><path d="M20.0727 15.9336C20.3605 15.9336 20.6145 16.1876 20.6145 16.4754V22.1643C20.6145 22.3167 20.733 22.4352 20.8853 22.4352H27.6578C27.9456 22.4352 28.1996 22.6892 28.1996 22.977C28.1996 23.2818 27.9456 23.5188 27.6578 23.5188H20.8853C20.1234 23.5188 19.5309 22.9262 19.5309 22.1643V16.4754C19.5309 16.1876 19.7679 15.9336 20.0727 15.9336ZM22.2398 19.1844C22.5277 19.1844 22.7816 19.4384 22.7816 19.7262V20.8098C22.7816 21.1146 22.5277 21.3516 22.2398 21.3516C21.9351 21.3516 21.698 21.1146 21.698 20.8098V19.7262C21.698 19.4384 21.9351 19.1844 22.2398 19.1844ZM24.407 18.1008V20.8098C24.407 21.1146 24.1531 21.3516 23.8652 21.3516C23.5605 21.3516 23.3234 21.1146 23.3234 20.8098V18.1008C23.3234 17.813 23.5605 17.559 23.8652 17.559C24.1531 17.559 24.407 17.813 24.407 18.1008ZM25.4906 18.6426C25.7784 18.6426 26.0324 18.8966 26.0324 19.1844V20.8098C26.0324 21.1146 25.7784 21.3516 25.4906 21.3516C25.1859 21.3516 24.9488 21.1146 24.9488 20.8098V19.1844C24.9488 18.8966 25.1859 18.6426 25.4906 18.6426ZM27.6578 17.0172V20.8098C27.6578 21.1146 27.4038 21.3516 27.116 21.3516C26.8112 21.3516 26.5742 21.1146 26.5742 20.8098V17.0172C26.5742 16.7294 26.8112 16.4754 27.116 16.4754C27.4038 16.4754 27.6578 16.7294 27.6578 17.0172Z" fill="#98A9BD"></path></svg><div class="data-insights-newsletter__left__text"><h3 class="data-insights-newsletter__heading h3-bold">Get Daily Data Insights delivered to your inbox</h3><p class="data-insights-newsletter__description body-3-medium">Receive an email from us when we publish a Daily Data Insight (every weekday).</p></div></div><div class="data-insights-newsletter__right"><form class="data-insights-newsletter__form" action="https://ourworldindata.us8.list-manage.com/subscribe/post?u=18058af086319ba6afad752ec&id=2e166c1fc1" method="post" target="_blank"><input type="email" class="text-input data-insights-newsletter__email-input sentry-mask" name="EMAIL" required="" size="1" placeholder="Your email address"/><input type="hidden" name="group[85302][16]" value=""/><button type="submit" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-vermillion" aria-label="Subscribe to the Daily Data Insights newsletter"><span>Subscribe</span></button></form><p class="data-insights-newsletter__note note-1-medium">By subscribing you are agreeing to the terms of our <a href="/privacy-policy">privacy policy</a>.</p></div></div></div></section><section class="key-indicator-collection article-block__key-indicator-collection grid col-start-2 span-cols-12"><header class="key-indicator-collection__header span-cols-8 span-sm-cols-12"><h2 class="h2-bold">Explore our data</h2><p class="body-2-regular">Featured data from our collection of 14,376 interactive charts.</p></header><a href="/data" class="owid-btn owid-btn--outline-vermillion key-indicator-collection__all-charts-button body-3-medium span-cols-4 col-start-9 col-sm-start-1 span-sm-cols-12"><span>See all our data</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right owid-btn--icon-right" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a><div class="span-cols-12"><div class="accordion-item accordion-item--open"><h3 class="accordion-item__heading"><button id="key-indicator-collection_child-mortality_header" class="accordion-item__button" disabled="" aria-disabled="true" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="key-indicator-collection_child-mortality_content"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="chart-line" class="svg-inline--fa fa-chart-line key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M64 64c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32S0 46.3 0 64L0 400c0 44.2 35.8 80 80 80l400 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32L80 416c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16L64 64zm406.6 86.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L320 210.7l-57.4-57.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-112 112c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0L240 221.3l57.4 57.4c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Under-five mortality rate</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">Long-run estimates combining data from UN & Gapminder</span></div></div></div></button></h3><div id="key-indicator-collection_child-mortality_content" class="accordion-item__content" role="region" aria-labelledby="key-indicator-collection_child-mortality_header"><div tabindex="0" aria-hidden="false"><div class="key-indicator grid grid-cols-12"><div class="left col-start-1 span-cols-4 span-sm-cols-12"><div class="indicator-metadata"><span class="indicator-title">Under-five mortality rate</span> <span class="indicator-source">Long-run estimates combining data from un & gapminder</span></div><h4 class="narrative-title">What share of children die before their fifth birthday?</h4><div class="text"><p class=""><span>What could be more tragic than the death of a young child? Child mortality, the death of children under the age of five, is still </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/much-better-awful-can-be-better" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>extremely common</span></a><span> in our world today.</span></p><p class=""><span>The historical data makes clear that it doesn’t have to be this way: it </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/child-mortality-big-problem-in-brief" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>is possible</span></a><span> for societies to protect their children and reduce child mortality to very low rates. For child mortality to reach low levels, many things have to go right at the same time: </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/financing-healthcare" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>good healthcare</span></a><span>, </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/hunger-and-undernourishment" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>good nutrition</span></a><span>, </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/clean-water-sanitation" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>clean water and sanitation</span></a><span>, </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/maternal-mortality" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>maternal health</span></a><span>, and high </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/economic-growth" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>living standards</span></a><span>. We can, therefore, think of </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/child-mortality" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>child mortality</span></a><span> as a proxy indicator of a country’s living conditions.</span></p><p class=""><span>The chart shows our long-run data on child mortality, which allows you to see how child mortality has changed in countries around the world.</span></p></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality?time=earliest..latest" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue datapage-link datapage-link-desktop"><span>Explore and learn more about this data</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right owid-btn--icon-right" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div><div class="key-indicator-chart col-start-5 span-cols-8 span-sm-cols-12 margin-0"><figure class="grapherPreview chart" data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality?time=earliest..latest" style="width:100%;border:0px none"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality?time=earliest..latest" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality.png?time=earliest..latest&imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality.png?time=earliest..latest&imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality.png?time=earliest..latest" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true"/></picture></a></figure></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality?time=earliest..latest" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue datapage-link datapage-link-mobile col-start-1 span-cols-12"><span>Explore and learn more about this data</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right owid-btn--icon-right" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></div><div class="accordion-item accordion-item--closed"><h3 class="accordion-item__heading"><button id="key-indicator-collection_share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty_header" class="accordion-item__button" aria-disabled="false" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="key-indicator-collection_share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty_content"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="earth-americas" class="svg-inline--fa fa-earth-americas key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M57.7 193l9.4 16.4c8.3 14.5 21.9 25.2 38 29.8L163 255.7c17.2 4.9 29 20.6 29 38.5l0 39.9c0 11 6.2 21 16 25.9s16 14.9 16 25.9l0 39c0 15.6 14.9 26.9 29.9 22.6c16.1-4.6 28.6-17.5 32.7-33.8l2.8-11.2c4.2-16.9 15.2-31.4 30.3-40l8.1-4.6c15-8.5 24.2-24.5 24.2-41.7l0-8.3c0-12.7-5.1-24.9-14.1-33.9l-3.9-3.9c-9-9-21.2-14.1-33.9-14.1L257 256c-11.1 0-22.1-2.9-31.8-8.4l-34.5-19.7c-4.3-2.5-7.6-6.5-9.2-11.2c-3.2-9.6 1.1-20 10.2-24.5l5.9-3c6.6-3.3 14.3-3.9 21.3-1.5l23.2 7.7c8.2 2.7 17.2-.4 21.9-7.5c4.7-7 4.2-16.3-1.2-22.8l-13.6-16.3c-10-12-9.9-29.5 .3-41.3l15.7-18.3c8.8-10.3 10.2-25 3.5-36.7l-2.4-4.2c-3.5-.2-6.9-.3-10.4-.3C163.1 48 84.4 108.9 57.7 193zM464 256c0-36.8-9.6-71.4-26.4-101.5L412 164.8c-15.7 6.3-23.8 23.8-18.5 39.8l16.9 50.7c3.5 10.4 12 18.3 22.6 20.9l29.1 7.3c1.2-9 1.8-18.2 1.8-27.5zM0 256a256 256 0 1 1 512 0A256 256 0 1 1 0 256z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Share of population living in extreme poverty</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">World Bank</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></button></h3><a class="accordion-item__link-mobile" href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="earth-americas" class="svg-inline--fa fa-earth-americas key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M57.7 193l9.4 16.4c8.3 14.5 21.9 25.2 38 29.8L163 255.7c17.2 4.9 29 20.6 29 38.5l0 39.9c0 11 6.2 21 16 25.9s16 14.9 16 25.9l0 39c0 15.6 14.9 26.9 29.9 22.6c16.1-4.6 28.6-17.5 32.7-33.8l2.8-11.2c4.2-16.9 15.2-31.4 30.3-40l8.1-4.6c15-8.5 24.2-24.5 24.2-41.7l0-8.3c0-12.7-5.1-24.9-14.1-33.9l-3.9-3.9c-9-9-21.2-14.1-33.9-14.1L257 256c-11.1 0-22.1-2.9-31.8-8.4l-34.5-19.7c-4.3-2.5-7.6-6.5-9.2-11.2c-3.2-9.6 1.1-20 10.2-24.5l5.9-3c6.6-3.3 14.3-3.9 21.3-1.5l23.2 7.7c8.2 2.7 17.2-.4 21.9-7.5c4.7-7 4.2-16.3-1.2-22.8l-13.6-16.3c-10-12-9.9-29.5 .3-41.3l15.7-18.3c8.8-10.3 10.2-25 3.5-36.7l-2.4-4.2c-3.5-.2-6.9-.3-10.4-.3C163.1 48 84.4 108.9 57.7 193zM464 256c0-36.8-9.6-71.4-26.4-101.5L412 164.8c-15.7 6.3-23.8 23.8-18.5 39.8l16.9 50.7c3.5 10.4 12 18.3 22.6 20.9l29.1 7.3c1.2-9 1.8-18.2 1.8-27.5zM0 256a256 256 0 1 1 512 0A256 256 0 1 1 0 256z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Share of population living in extreme poverty</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">World Bank</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><div id="key-indicator-collection_share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty_content" class="accordion-item__content" style="height:0" role="region" aria-labelledby="key-indicator-collection_share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty_header"><div tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"><div class="key-indicator grid grid-cols-12"><div class="left col-start-1 span-cols-4 span-sm-cols-12"><div class="indicator-metadata"><span class="indicator-title">Share of population living in extreme poverty</span> <span class="indicator-source">World bank</span></div><h4 class="narrative-title">What share of the population lives in extreme poverty?</h4><div class="text"><p class=""><span>The UN sets the “International Poverty Line” as a worldwide comparable definition for extreme poverty. Extreme poverty is currently defined as living on less than $2.15 per day. This indicator, published by the World Bank, has successfully drawn attention to the terrible depths of poverty of the poorest people in the world.</span></p><p class=""><span>Two centuries ago, </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/extreme-poverty-in-brief" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>the majority</span></a><span> of the world’s population was extremely poor. Back then, it was widely believed that widespread poverty was inevitable. This turned out to be wrong. Economic growth is possible and </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/what-is-economic-growth" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>makes it possible</span></a><span> for entire societies to leave the deep poverty of the past behind. Whether or not countries are leaving the worst poverty behind can be monitored by relying on this indicator.</span></p></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue datapage-link datapage-link-desktop"><span>Explore and learn more about this data</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right owid-btn--icon-right" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div><div class="key-indicator-chart col-start-5 span-cols-8 span-sm-cols-12 margin-0"><figure class="grapherPreview chart" data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty" style="width:100%;border:0px none"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty.png" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true"/></picture></a></figure></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue datapage-link datapage-link-mobile col-start-1 span-cols-12"><span>Explore and learn more about this data</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right owid-btn--icon-right" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></div><div class="accordion-item accordion-item--closed"><h3 class="accordion-item__heading"><button id="key-indicator-collection_life-expectancy_header" class="accordion-item__button" aria-disabled="false" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="key-indicator-collection_life-expectancy_content"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="chart-line" class="svg-inline--fa fa-chart-line key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M64 64c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32S0 46.3 0 64L0 400c0 44.2 35.8 80 80 80l400 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32L80 416c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16L64 64zm406.6 86.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L320 210.7l-57.4-57.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-112 112c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0L240 221.3l57.4 57.4c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Life expectancy at birth</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">Long-run estimates collated from multiple sources by Our World in Data</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></button></h3><a class="accordion-item__link-mobile" href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="chart-line" class="svg-inline--fa fa-chart-line key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M64 64c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32S0 46.3 0 64L0 400c0 44.2 35.8 80 80 80l400 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32L80 416c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16L64 64zm406.6 86.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L320 210.7l-57.4-57.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-112 112c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0L240 221.3l57.4 57.4c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Life expectancy at birth</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">Long-run estimates collated from multiple sources by Our World in Data</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><div id="key-indicator-collection_life-expectancy_content" class="accordion-item__content" style="height:0" role="region" aria-labelledby="key-indicator-collection_life-expectancy_header"><div tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"><div class="key-indicator grid grid-cols-12"><div class="left col-start-1 span-cols-4 span-sm-cols-12"><div class="indicator-metadata"><span class="indicator-title">Life expectancy at birth</span> <span class="indicator-source">Long-run estimates collated from multiple sources by our world in data</span></div><h4 class="narrative-title">How has people’s life expectancy changed over time?</h4><div class="text"><p class=""><span>Across the world, people are living longer. In 1900, the global average life expectancy of a newborn was 32 years. By 2021, this had more than doubled to 71 years.</span></p><p class=""><span>Big improvements were achieved by countries </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/life-expectancy-globally" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>around the world</span></a><span>. The chart shows that life expectancy has more than doubled in every region of the world. This improvement is not only due to declining child mortality; life expectancy increased </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/its-not-just-about-child-mortality-life-expectancy-improved-at-all-ages" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>at all ages</span></a><span>.</span></p><p class=""><span>This visualization shows long-run estimates of life expectancy brought together by our team from several different data sources. It also shows that the </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>COVID-19 pandemic</span></a><span> led to reduced life expectancy worldwide.</span></p></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue datapage-link datapage-link-desktop"><span>Explore and learn more about this data</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right owid-btn--icon-right" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div><div class="key-indicator-chart col-start-5 span-cols-8 span-sm-cols-12 margin-0"><figure class="grapherPreview chart" data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy" style="width:100%;border:0px none"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy.png" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true"/></picture></a></figure></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue datapage-link datapage-link-mobile col-start-1 span-cols-12"><span>Explore and learn more about this data</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right owid-btn--icon-right" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></div><div class="accordion-item accordion-item--closed"><h3 class="accordion-item__heading"><button id="key-indicator-collection_co-emissions-per-capita_header" class="accordion-item__button" aria-disabled="false" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="key-indicator-collection_co-emissions-per-capita_content"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="chart-line" class="svg-inline--fa fa-chart-line key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M64 64c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32S0 46.3 0 64L0 400c0 44.2 35.8 80 80 80l400 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32L80 416c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16L64 64zm406.6 86.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L320 210.7l-57.4-57.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-112 112c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0L240 221.3l57.4 57.4c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Per capita CO₂ emissions</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">Long-run estimates from the Global Carbon Budget</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></button></h3><a class="accordion-item__link-mobile" href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions-per-capita?tab=chart&country=USA~GBR~CHN~ZAF~PAN"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="chart-line" class="svg-inline--fa fa-chart-line key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M64 64c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32S0 46.3 0 64L0 400c0 44.2 35.8 80 80 80l400 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32L80 416c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16L64 64zm406.6 86.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L320 210.7l-57.4-57.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-112 112c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0L240 221.3l57.4 57.4c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Per capita CO₂ emissions</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">Long-run estimates from the Global Carbon Budget</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><div id="key-indicator-collection_co-emissions-per-capita_content" class="accordion-item__content" style="height:0" role="region" aria-labelledby="key-indicator-collection_co-emissions-per-capita_header"><div tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"><div class="key-indicator grid grid-cols-12"><div class="left col-start-1 span-cols-4 span-sm-cols-12"><div class="indicator-metadata"><span class="indicator-title">Per capita CO₂ emissions</span> <span class="indicator-source">Long-run estimates from the global carbon budget</span></div><h4 class="narrative-title">How have CO₂ emissions per capita changed?</h4><div class="text"><p class=""><span>The main source of carbon dioxide (CO</span><sub><span>2</span></sub><span>) emissions is the burning of fossil fuels. It is the primary </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/co2-and-greenhouse-gas-emissions" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>greenhouse gas</span></a><span> causing </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/climate-change" class="span-link"><span>climate change</span></a><span>.</span></p><p class=""><span>Globally, CO</span><sub><span>2</span></sub><span> emissions have remained at just below 5 tonnes per person for over a decade. Between countries, however, there are large differences, and while emissions are rapidly increasing in some countries, they are rapidly falling in others.</span></p><p class=""><span>The source for this CO</span><sub><span>2</span></sub><span> data is the Global Carbon Budget, a dataset we update yearly as soon as it is published. In addition to these production-based emissions, they publish consumption-based emissions for the last three decades, which can be viewed in our </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/co2?facet=none&country=CHN~USA~IND~FRA&Gas+or+Warming=CO%E2%82%82&Accounting=Consumption-based&Fuel+or+Land+Use+Change=All+fossil+emissions&Count=Per+capita" class="span-link"><span>Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data Explorer</span></a><span>.</span></p></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions-per-capita?tab=chart&country=USA~GBR~CHN~ZAF~PAN" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue datapage-link datapage-link-desktop"><span>Explore and learn more about this data</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right owid-btn--icon-right" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div><div class="key-indicator-chart col-start-5 span-cols-8 span-sm-cols-12 margin-0"><figure class="grapherPreview chart" data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions-per-capita?tab=chart&country=USA~GBR~CHN~ZAF~PAN" style="width:100%;border:0px none"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions-per-capita?tab=chart&country=USA~GBR~CHN~ZAF~PAN" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions-per-capita.png?tab=chart&country=USA~GBR~CHN~ZAF~PAN&imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions-per-capita.png?tab=chart&country=USA~GBR~CHN~ZAF~PAN&imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions-per-capita.png?tab=chart&country=USA~GBR~CHN~ZAF~PAN" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true"/></picture></a></figure></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions-per-capita?tab=chart&country=USA~GBR~CHN~ZAF~PAN" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue datapage-link datapage-link-mobile col-start-1 span-cols-12"><span>Explore and learn more about this data</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right owid-btn--icon-right" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></div><div class="accordion-item accordion-item--closed"><h3 class="accordion-item__heading"><button id="key-indicator-collection_gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database_header" class="accordion-item__button" aria-disabled="false" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="key-indicator-collection_gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database_content"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="earth-americas" class="svg-inline--fa fa-earth-americas key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M57.7 193l9.4 16.4c8.3 14.5 21.9 25.2 38 29.8L163 255.7c17.2 4.9 29 20.6 29 38.5l0 39.9c0 11 6.2 21 16 25.9s16 14.9 16 25.9l0 39c0 15.6 14.9 26.9 29.9 22.6c16.1-4.6 28.6-17.5 32.7-33.8l2.8-11.2c4.2-16.9 15.2-31.4 30.3-40l8.1-4.6c15-8.5 24.2-24.5 24.2-41.7l0-8.3c0-12.7-5.1-24.9-14.1-33.9l-3.9-3.9c-9-9-21.2-14.1-33.9-14.1L257 256c-11.1 0-22.1-2.9-31.8-8.4l-34.5-19.7c-4.3-2.5-7.6-6.5-9.2-11.2c-3.2-9.6 1.1-20 10.2-24.5l5.9-3c6.6-3.3 14.3-3.9 21.3-1.5l23.2 7.7c8.2 2.7 17.2-.4 21.9-7.5c4.7-7 4.2-16.3-1.2-22.8l-13.6-16.3c-10-12-9.9-29.5 .3-41.3l15.7-18.3c8.8-10.3 10.2-25 3.5-36.7l-2.4-4.2c-3.5-.2-6.9-.3-10.4-.3C163.1 48 84.4 108.9 57.7 193zM464 256c0-36.8-9.6-71.4-26.4-101.5L412 164.8c-15.7 6.3-23.8 23.8-18.5 39.8l16.9 50.7c3.5 10.4 12 18.3 22.6 20.9l29.1 7.3c1.2-9 1.8-18.2 1.8-27.5zM0 256a256 256 0 1 1 512 0A256 256 0 1 1 0 256z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">GDP per capita</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">Long-run estimates from the Maddison Project Database</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></button></h3><a class="accordion-item__link-mobile" href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="earth-americas" class="svg-inline--fa fa-earth-americas key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M57.7 193l9.4 16.4c8.3 14.5 21.9 25.2 38 29.8L163 255.7c17.2 4.9 29 20.6 29 38.5l0 39.9c0 11 6.2 21 16 25.9s16 14.9 16 25.9l0 39c0 15.6 14.9 26.9 29.9 22.6c16.1-4.6 28.6-17.5 32.7-33.8l2.8-11.2c4.2-16.9 15.2-31.4 30.3-40l8.1-4.6c15-8.5 24.2-24.5 24.2-41.7l0-8.3c0-12.7-5.1-24.9-14.1-33.9l-3.9-3.9c-9-9-21.2-14.1-33.9-14.1L257 256c-11.1 0-22.1-2.9-31.8-8.4l-34.5-19.7c-4.3-2.5-7.6-6.5-9.2-11.2c-3.2-9.6 1.1-20 10.2-24.5l5.9-3c6.6-3.3 14.3-3.9 21.3-1.5l23.2 7.7c8.2 2.7 17.2-.4 21.9-7.5c4.7-7 4.2-16.3-1.2-22.8l-13.6-16.3c-10-12-9.9-29.5 .3-41.3l15.7-18.3c8.8-10.3 10.2-25 3.5-36.7l-2.4-4.2c-3.5-.2-6.9-.3-10.4-.3C163.1 48 84.4 108.9 57.7 193zM464 256c0-36.8-9.6-71.4-26.4-101.5L412 164.8c-15.7 6.3-23.8 23.8-18.5 39.8l16.9 50.7c3.5 10.4 12 18.3 22.6 20.9l29.1 7.3c1.2-9 1.8-18.2 1.8-27.5zM0 256a256 256 0 1 1 512 0A256 256 0 1 1 0 256z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">GDP per capita</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">Long-run estimates from the Maddison Project Database</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><div id="key-indicator-collection_gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database_content" class="accordion-item__content" style="height:0" role="region" aria-labelledby="key-indicator-collection_gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database_header"><div tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"><div class="key-indicator grid grid-cols-12"><div class="left col-start-1 span-cols-4 span-sm-cols-12"><div class="indicator-metadata"><span class="indicator-title">GDP per capita</span> <span class="indicator-source">Long-run estimates from the maddison project database</span></div><h4 class="narrative-title">How do average incomes compare between countries around the world?</h4><div class="text"><p class=""><span>GDP per capita is a very comprehensive measure of people’s </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/what-is-economic-growth" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>average income</span></a><span>. This indicator reveals how large the inequality between people in different countries is. In the poorest countries, people live on less than $1,000 per year, while in rich countries, the average income is more than 50 times higher.</span></p><p class=""><span>The data shown is sourced from the Maddison Project Database. Drawing together the careful work of hundreds of economic historians, the particular value of this data lies in the historical coverage it provides. This data makes clear that the vast majority of people in all countries </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/extreme-history-methods" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>were poor</span></a><span> in the past. It allows us to understand when and how the </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/economic-growth" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>economic growth</span></a><span> that made it possible </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/breaking-the-malthusian-trap" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>to leave</span></a><span> the deep poverty of the past behind was achieved.</span></p></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue datapage-link datapage-link-desktop"><span>Explore and learn more about this data</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right owid-btn--icon-right" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div><div class="key-indicator-chart col-start-5 span-cols-8 span-sm-cols-12 margin-0"><figure class="grapherPreview chart" data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database" style="width:100%;border:0px none"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database.png" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true"/></picture></a></figure></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue datapage-link datapage-link-mobile col-start-1 span-cols-12"><span>Explore and learn more about this data</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right owid-btn--icon-right" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></div><div class="accordion-item accordion-item--closed"><h3 class="accordion-item__heading"><button id="key-indicator-collection_prevalence-of-undernourishment_header" class="accordion-item__button" aria-disabled="false" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="key-indicator-collection_prevalence-of-undernourishment_content"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="chart-line" class="svg-inline--fa fa-chart-line key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M64 64c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32S0 46.3 0 64L0 400c0 44.2 35.8 80 80 80l400 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32L80 416c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16L64 64zm406.6 86.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L320 210.7l-57.4-57.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-112 112c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0L240 221.3l57.4 57.4c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Share of people that are undernourished</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">FAO</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></button></h3><a class="accordion-item__link-mobile" href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prevalence-of-undernourishment"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="chart-line" class="svg-inline--fa fa-chart-line key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M64 64c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32S0 46.3 0 64L0 400c0 44.2 35.8 80 80 80l400 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32L80 416c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16L64 64zm406.6 86.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L320 210.7l-57.4-57.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-112 112c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0L240 221.3l57.4 57.4c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Share of people that are undernourished</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">FAO</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><div id="key-indicator-collection_prevalence-of-undernourishment_content" class="accordion-item__content" style="height:0" role="region" aria-labelledby="key-indicator-collection_prevalence-of-undernourishment_header"><div tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"><div class="key-indicator grid grid-cols-12"><div class="left col-start-1 span-cols-4 span-sm-cols-12"><div class="indicator-metadata"><span class="indicator-title">Share of people that are undernourished</span> <span class="indicator-source">Fao</span></div><h4 class="narrative-title">What share of the population is suffering from hunger?</h4><div class="text"><p class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/hunger-and-undernourishment" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Hunger</span></a><span> has been a severe problem for most of humanity throughout history. Growing enough food to feed one’s family was a constant struggle in daily life. Food shortages, malnutrition, and </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/famines" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>famines</span></a><span> were common around the world.</span></p><p class=""><span>The UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization publishes global data on undernourishment, defined as not consuming enough calories to maintain a normal, active, healthy life. These minimum requirements vary by a person’s sex, weight, height, and activity levels. This is considered in these national and global estimates.</span></p><p class=""><span>The world has made much progress in reducing global hunger in recent decades. But we are still far away from an end to hunger, as this indicator shows. Tragically, nearly one in ten people still do not get enough food to eat and in recent years — especially during the pandemic — hunger levels have increased.</span></p></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prevalence-of-undernourishment" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue datapage-link datapage-link-desktop"><span>Explore and learn more about this data</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right owid-btn--icon-right" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div><div class="key-indicator-chart col-start-5 span-cols-8 span-sm-cols-12 margin-0"><figure class="grapherPreview chart" data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prevalence-of-undernourishment" style="width:100%;border:0px none"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prevalence-of-undernourishment" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prevalence-of-undernourishment.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prevalence-of-undernourishment.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prevalence-of-undernourishment.png" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true"/></picture></a></figure></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prevalence-of-undernourishment" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue datapage-link datapage-link-mobile col-start-1 span-cols-12"><span>Explore and learn more about this data</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right owid-btn--icon-right" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></div><div class="accordion-item accordion-item--closed"><h3 class="accordion-item__heading"><button id="key-indicator-collection_cross-country-literacy-rates_header" class="accordion-item__button" aria-disabled="false" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="key-indicator-collection_cross-country-literacy-rates_content"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="chart-line" class="svg-inline--fa fa-chart-line key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M64 64c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32S0 46.3 0 64L0 400c0 44.2 35.8 80 80 80l400 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32L80 416c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16L64 64zm406.6 86.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L320 210.7l-57.4-57.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-112 112c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0L240 221.3l57.4 57.4c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Literacy rate</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">Long-run estimates collated from multiple sources by Our World in Data</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></button></h3><a class="accordion-item__link-mobile" href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-literacy-rates?country=RUS~GBR~NLD~CRI~ISR~SGP~CHL~CHN~MAC~OWID_WRL~IND~TZA"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="chart-line" class="svg-inline--fa fa-chart-line key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M64 64c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32S0 46.3 0 64L0 400c0 44.2 35.8 80 80 80l400 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32L80 416c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16L64 64zm406.6 86.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L320 210.7l-57.4-57.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-112 112c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0L240 221.3l57.4 57.4c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Literacy rate</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">Long-run estimates collated from multiple sources by Our World in Data</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><div id="key-indicator-collection_cross-country-literacy-rates_content" class="accordion-item__content" style="height:0" role="region" aria-labelledby="key-indicator-collection_cross-country-literacy-rates_header"><div tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"><div class="key-indicator grid grid-cols-12"><div class="left col-start-1 span-cols-4 span-sm-cols-12"><div class="indicator-metadata"><span class="indicator-title">Literacy rate</span> <span class="indicator-source">Long-run estimates collated from multiple sources by our world in data</span></div><h4 class="narrative-title">When has literacy become a widespread skill?</h4><div class="text"><p class=""><span>Literacy is a foundational skill. Children need to learn to read so that they can read to learn. When we fail to teach this foundational skill, people have fewer opportunities to lead the rich and interesting lives that a good education offers.</span></p><p class=""><span>The historical data shows that only a very small share of the population, a tiny elite, was able to read and write. Over the course of the last few generations, literacy levels increased, but </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/better-learning" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>it remains</span></a><span> an important challenge for our time to provide this foundational skill to all.</span></p><p class=""><span>At Our World in Data, </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/how-is-literacy-measured" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>we investigated</span></a><span> the strengths and shortcomings of the available data on literacy. Based on this work, our team brought together the long-run data shown in the chart by combining several different sources, including the World Bank, the CIA Factbook, and a range of research publications.</span></p></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-literacy-rates?country=RUS~GBR~NLD~CRI~ISR~SGP~CHL~CHN~MAC~OWID_WRL~IND~TZA" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue datapage-link datapage-link-desktop"><span>Explore and learn more about this data</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right owid-btn--icon-right" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div><div class="key-indicator-chart col-start-5 span-cols-8 span-sm-cols-12 margin-0"><figure class="grapherPreview chart" data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-literacy-rates?country=RUS~GBR~NLD~CRI~ISR~SGP~CHL~CHN~MAC~OWID_WRL~IND~TZA" style="width:100%;border:0px none"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-literacy-rates?country=RUS~GBR~NLD~CRI~ISR~SGP~CHL~CHN~MAC~OWID_WRL~IND~TZA" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-literacy-rates.png?country=RUS~GBR~NLD~CRI~ISR~SGP~CHL~CHN~MAC~OWID_WRL~IND~TZA&imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-literacy-rates.png?country=RUS~GBR~NLD~CRI~ISR~SGP~CHL~CHN~MAC~OWID_WRL~IND~TZA&imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-literacy-rates.png?country=RUS~GBR~NLD~CRI~ISR~SGP~CHL~CHN~MAC~OWID_WRL~IND~TZA" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true"/></picture></a></figure></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-literacy-rates?country=RUS~GBR~NLD~CRI~ISR~SGP~CHL~CHN~MAC~OWID_WRL~IND~TZA" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue datapage-link datapage-link-mobile col-start-1 span-cols-12"><span>Explore and learn more about this data</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right owid-btn--icon-right" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></div><div class="accordion-item accordion-item--closed"><h3 class="accordion-item__heading"><button id="key-indicator-collection_share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity_header" class="accordion-item__button" aria-disabled="false" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="key-indicator-collection_share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity_content"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="earth-americas" class="svg-inline--fa fa-earth-americas key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M57.7 193l9.4 16.4c8.3 14.5 21.9 25.2 38 29.8L163 255.7c17.2 4.9 29 20.6 29 38.5l0 39.9c0 11 6.2 21 16 25.9s16 14.9 16 25.9l0 39c0 15.6 14.9 26.9 29.9 22.6c16.1-4.6 28.6-17.5 32.7-33.8l2.8-11.2c4.2-16.9 15.2-31.4 30.3-40l8.1-4.6c15-8.5 24.2-24.5 24.2-41.7l0-8.3c0-12.7-5.1-24.9-14.1-33.9l-3.9-3.9c-9-9-21.2-14.1-33.9-14.1L257 256c-11.1 0-22.1-2.9-31.8-8.4l-34.5-19.7c-4.3-2.5-7.6-6.5-9.2-11.2c-3.2-9.6 1.1-20 10.2-24.5l5.9-3c6.6-3.3 14.3-3.9 21.3-1.5l23.2 7.7c8.2 2.7 17.2-.4 21.9-7.5c4.7-7 4.2-16.3-1.2-22.8l-13.6-16.3c-10-12-9.9-29.5 .3-41.3l15.7-18.3c8.8-10.3 10.2-25 3.5-36.7l-2.4-4.2c-3.5-.2-6.9-.3-10.4-.3C163.1 48 84.4 108.9 57.7 193zM464 256c0-36.8-9.6-71.4-26.4-101.5L412 164.8c-15.7 6.3-23.8 23.8-18.5 39.8l16.9 50.7c3.5 10.4 12 18.3 22.6 20.9l29.1 7.3c1.2-9 1.8-18.2 1.8-27.5zM0 256a256 256 0 1 1 512 0A256 256 0 1 1 0 256z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Share of the population with access to electricity</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">World Bank</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></button></h3><a class="accordion-item__link-mobile" href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity?time=latest"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="earth-americas" class="svg-inline--fa fa-earth-americas key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M57.7 193l9.4 16.4c8.3 14.5 21.9 25.2 38 29.8L163 255.7c17.2 4.9 29 20.6 29 38.5l0 39.9c0 11 6.2 21 16 25.9s16 14.9 16 25.9l0 39c0 15.6 14.9 26.9 29.9 22.6c16.1-4.6 28.6-17.5 32.7-33.8l2.8-11.2c4.2-16.9 15.2-31.4 30.3-40l8.1-4.6c15-8.5 24.2-24.5 24.2-41.7l0-8.3c0-12.7-5.1-24.9-14.1-33.9l-3.9-3.9c-9-9-21.2-14.1-33.9-14.1L257 256c-11.1 0-22.1-2.9-31.8-8.4l-34.5-19.7c-4.3-2.5-7.6-6.5-9.2-11.2c-3.2-9.6 1.1-20 10.2-24.5l5.9-3c6.6-3.3 14.3-3.9 21.3-1.5l23.2 7.7c8.2 2.7 17.2-.4 21.9-7.5c4.7-7 4.2-16.3-1.2-22.8l-13.6-16.3c-10-12-9.9-29.5 .3-41.3l15.7-18.3c8.8-10.3 10.2-25 3.5-36.7l-2.4-4.2c-3.5-.2-6.9-.3-10.4-.3C163.1 48 84.4 108.9 57.7 193zM464 256c0-36.8-9.6-71.4-26.4-101.5L412 164.8c-15.7 6.3-23.8 23.8-18.5 39.8l16.9 50.7c3.5 10.4 12 18.3 22.6 20.9l29.1 7.3c1.2-9 1.8-18.2 1.8-27.5zM0 256a256 256 0 1 1 512 0A256 256 0 1 1 0 256z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Share of the population with access to electricity</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">World Bank</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><div id="key-indicator-collection_share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity_content" class="accordion-item__content" style="height:0" role="region" aria-labelledby="key-indicator-collection_share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity_header"><div tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"><div class="key-indicator grid grid-cols-12"><div class="left col-start-1 span-cols-4 span-sm-cols-12"><div class="indicator-metadata"><span class="indicator-title">Share of the population with access to electricity</span> <span class="indicator-source">World bank</span></div><h4 class="narrative-title">Where do people lack access to even the most basic electricity supply?</h4><div class="text"><p class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/light-at-night" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Light at night</span></a><span> makes it possible to get together after sunset; </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/mobile-cellular-subscriptions-per-100-people" class="span-link"><span>mobile phones</span></a><span> allow us to stay in touch with those far away; the refrigeration of food reduces food waste; and </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/technology-adoption-by-households-in-the-united-states" class="span-link"><span>household appliances</span></a><span> free up time from household chores. Access to electricity improves people’s living conditions in many ways.</span></p><p class=""><span>The World Bank data on the world map captures whether people have access to the </span><em><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/definition-electricity-access" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>most basic</span></a></em><span> electricity supply — just enough to provide basic lighting and charge a phone or power a radio for 4 hours per day.</span></p><p class=""><span>It shows that, especially in several African countries, a large share of the population lacks the benefits that basic electricity offers. No radio and no light at night.</span></p></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity?time=latest" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue datapage-link datapage-link-desktop"><span>Explore and learn more about this data</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right owid-btn--icon-right" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div><div class="key-indicator-chart col-start-5 span-cols-8 span-sm-cols-12 margin-0"><figure class="grapherPreview chart" data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity?time=latest" style="width:100%;border:0px none"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity?time=latest" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity.png?time=latest&imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity.png?time=latest&imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity.png?time=latest" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true"/></picture></a></figure></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity?time=latest" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue datapage-link datapage-link-mobile col-start-1 span-cols-12"><span>Explore and learn more about this data</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right owid-btn--icon-right" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></div></div></section><div class="article-block__explorer-tiles grid grid-cols-12 span-cols-12 col-start-2"><h2 class="h2-bold span-cols-6 span-md-12 explorer-tiles__title">Data explorers</h2><a href="/explorers" class="owid-btn owid-btn--outline-vermillion span-cols-4 col-start-9 span-md-cols-5 col-md-start-8 col-sm-start-1 span-sm-cols-12 body-3-medium explorer-tiles__cta"><span>See 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32c229.8 0 416 186.2 416 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32s-32-14.3-32-32C384 253.6 226.4 96 32 96C14.3 96 0 81.7 0 64zM0 416a64 64 0 1 1 128 0A64 64 0 1 1 0 416zM32 160c159.1 0 288 128.9 288 288c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32s-32-14.3-32-32c0-123.7-100.3-224-224-224c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32z"></path></svg></span><span class="label">Daily Data Insights</span></a></li></ul></section></section><section id="all-topics" class="grid span-cols-12 col-start-2 homepage-topics-section"><h2 class="h2-bold span-cols-12">All our topics</h2><p class="body-2-regular span-cols-12">All our data, research, and writing — topic by topic.</p><section class="homepage-topic span-cols-12"><h2 class="homepage-topic__topic-name h3-bold">Population and Demographic Change</h2><ul class="homepage-topic__topic-list display-3-regular"><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Population Change:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/population-growth">Population Growth</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/age-structure">Age Structure</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/gender-ratio">Gender Ratio</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Births & Deaths:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/life-expectancy">Life Expectancy</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/fertility-rate">Fertility Rate</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/child-mortality">Child & Infant Mortality</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Geography of the World Population:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/urbanization">Urbanization</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/migration">Migration</a></li></ul></section><section class="homepage-topic span-cols-12"><h2 class="homepage-topic__topic-name h3-bold">Health</h2><ul class="homepage-topic__topic-list display-3-regular"><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Life & Death:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/health-meta">Global Health</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/causes-of-death">Causes of Death</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/child-mortality">Child & Infant Mortality</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/burden-of-disease">Burden of Disease</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/life-expectancy">Life Expectancy</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/mental-health">Mental Health</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/suicide">Suicides</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/cardiovascular-diseases">Cardiovascular Diseases</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/cancer">Cancer</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/maternal-mortality">Maternal Mortality</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Health Risks:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/air-pollution">Air Pollution</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/outdoor-air-pollution">Outdoor Air Pollution</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/indoor-air-pollution">Indoor Air Pollution</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/lead-pollution">Lead Pollution</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/alcohol-consumption">Alcohol Consumption</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/illicit-drug-use">Illicit Drug Use</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/obesity">Obesity</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/smoking">Smoking</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Infectious Diseases:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/pandemics">Pandemics</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/coronavirus">COVID-19</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/malaria">Malaria</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/hiv-aids">HIV/AIDS</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/diarrheal-diseases">Diarrheal Diseases</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/tuberculosis">Tuberculosis</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/polio">Polio</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/neglected-tropical-diseases">Neglected Tropical Diseases</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/influenza">Influenza</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/pneumonia">Pneumonia</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/tetanus">Tetanus</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/mpox">Mpox (monkeypox)</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/smallpox">Smallpox</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Health Institutions & Interventions:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/eradication-of-diseases">Eradication of Diseases</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/vaccination">Vaccination</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/antibiotics">Antibiotics & Antibiotic Resistance</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/financing-healthcare">Healthcare Spending</a></li></ul></section><section class="homepage-topic span-cols-12"><h2 class="homepage-topic__topic-name h3-bold">Energy and Environment</h2><ul class="homepage-topic__topic-list display-3-regular"><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Climate & Air:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/climate-change">Climate Change</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/co2-and-greenhouse-gas-emissions">CO2 & Greenhouse Gas Emissions</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/air-pollution">Air Pollution</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/outdoor-air-pollution">Outdoor Air Pollution</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/indoor-air-pollution">Indoor Air Pollution</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/ozone-layer">Ozone Layer</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Energy Systems:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/energy">Energy</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/energy-access">Access to Energy</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/energy-mix">Energy Mix</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/fossil-fuels">Fossil Fuels</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/nuclear-energy">Nuclear Energy</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/renewable-energy">Renewable Energy</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/metals-minerals">Metals & Minerals</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Environment & Ecosystems:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/natural-disasters">Natural Disasters</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/biodiversity">Biodiversity</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/environmental-impacts-of-food">Environmental Impacts of Food Production</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/fish-and-overfishing">Fish & Overfishing</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/animal-welfare">Animal Welfare</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/land-use">Land Use</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/water-use-stress">Water Use & Stress</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/forests-and-deforestation">Forests & Deforestation</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/wildfires">Wildfires</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Waste & Pollution:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/plastic-pollution">Plastic Pollution</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/oil-spills">Oil Spills</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/lead-pollution">Lead Pollution</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/waste-management">Waste Management</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/clean-water-sanitation">Clean Water & Sanitation</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/clean-water">Clean Water</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/sanitation">Sanitation</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Electricity:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/electricity-mix">Electricity Mix</a></li></ul></section><section class="homepage-topic span-cols-12"><h2 class="homepage-topic__topic-name h3-bold">Food and Agriculture</h2><ul class="homepage-topic__topic-list display-3-regular"><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Food Production:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/agricultural-production">Agricultural Production</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/meat-production">Meat & Dairy Production</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/fish-and-overfishing">Fish & Overfishing</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/crop-yields">Crop Yields</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/animal-welfare">Animal Welfare</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/environmental-impacts-of-food">Environmental Impacts of Food Production</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/farm-size">Farm Size</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Agricultural Inputs:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/land-use">Land Use</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/fertilizers">Fertilizers</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/pesticides">Pesticides</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/employment-in-agriculture">Employment in Agriculture</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Nutrition:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/hunger-and-undernourishment">Hunger & Undernourishment</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/food-supply">Food Supply</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/food-prices">Food Prices</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/obesity">Obesity</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/famines">Famines</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/diet-compositions">Diet Compositions</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/micronutrient-deficiency">Micronutrient Deficiency</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/human-height">Human Height</a></li></ul></section><section class="homepage-topic span-cols-12"><h2 class="homepage-topic__topic-name h3-bold">Poverty and Economic Development</h2><ul class="homepage-topic__topic-list display-3-regular"><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Poverty & Prosperity:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/poverty">Poverty</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/economic-growth">Economic Growth</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/economic-inequality">Economic Inequality</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/foreign-aid">Foreign Aid</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/economic-inequality-by-gender">Economic Inequality by Gender</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Public Sector:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/government-spending">Government Spending</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/state-capacity">State Capacity</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/taxation">Taxation</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/corruption">Corruption</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/financing-healthcare">Healthcare Spending</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/financing-education">Education Spending</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/military-personnel-spending">Military Personnel & Spending</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Labor:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/female-labor-supply">Women's Employment</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/child-labor">Child Labor</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/working-hours">Working Hours</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Global Connections:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/trade-and-globalization">Trade & Globalization</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/migration">Migration</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/tourism">Tourism</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/clean-water-sanitation">Clean Water & Sanitation</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/clean-water">Clean Water</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/sanitation">Sanitation</a></li></ul></section><section class="homepage-topic span-cols-12"><h2 class="homepage-topic__topic-name h3-bold">Education and Knowledge</h2><ul class="homepage-topic__topic-list display-3-regular"><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Education:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/global-education">Global Education</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/literacy">Literacy</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/financing-education">Education Spending</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Knowledge:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/research-and-development">Research & Development</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/internet">Internet</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/books">Books</a></li></ul></section><section class="homepage-topic span-cols-12"><h2 class="homepage-topic__topic-name h3-bold">Innovation and Technological Change</h2><ul class="homepage-topic__topic-list display-3-regular"><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/technological-change">Technological Change</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/research-and-development">Research & Development</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/artificial-intelligence">Artificial Intelligence</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/internet">Internet</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/space-exploration-satellites">Space Exploration & Satellites</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/transport">Transport</a></li></ul></section><section class="homepage-topic span-cols-12"><h2 class="homepage-topic__topic-name h3-bold">Living Conditions, Community and Wellbeing</h2><ul class="homepage-topic__topic-list display-3-regular"><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Housing & Infrastructure:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/homelessness">Homelessness</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/energy-access">Access to Energy</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/indoor-air-pollution">Indoor Air Pollution</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/clean-water-sanitation">Clean Water & Sanitation</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/clean-water">Clean Water</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/sanitation">Sanitation</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/light-at-night">Light at Night</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/time-use">Time Use</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/working-hours">Working Hours</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Relationships:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/marriages-and-divorces">Marriages & Divorces</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/social-connections-and-loneliness">Loneliness & Social Connections</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/trust">Trust</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Happiness & Wellbeing:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/happiness-and-life-satisfaction">Happiness & Life Satisfaction</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/human-development-index">Human Development Index (HDI)</a></li></ul></section><section class="homepage-topic span-cols-12"><h2 class="homepage-topic__topic-name h3-bold">Human Rights and Democracy</h2><ul class="homepage-topic__topic-list display-3-regular"><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/human-rights">Human Rights</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/democracy">Democracy</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/state-capacity">State Capacity</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/women-rights">Women's Rights</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/lgbt-rights">LGBT+ Rights</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/corruption">Corruption</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/economic-inequality-by-gender">Economic Inequality by Gender</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/child-labor">Child Labor</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/violence-against-rights-for-children">Violence Against Children & Children's Rights</a></li></ul></section><section class="homepage-topic span-cols-12"><h2 class="homepage-topic__topic-name h3-bold">Violence and War</h2><ul class="homepage-topic__topic-list display-3-regular"><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/war-and-peace">War & Peace</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/nuclear-weapons">Nuclear Weapons</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/homicides">Homicides</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/terrorism">Terrorism</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/state-capacity">State Capacity</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/military-personnel-spending">Military Personnel & Spending</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/violence-against-rights-for-children">Violence Against Children & Children's Rights</a></li></ul></section></section></div></div><section class="donate-footer grid grid-cols-12-full-width"><div class="donate-footer-inner span-cols-12 col-start-2"><div><h4>Our World in Data is free and accessible for everyone.</h4><p>Help us do this work by making a donation.</p></div><a href="/donate" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-vermillion body-2-semibold donate-button" data-track-note="donate_footer"><span>Donate now</span></a></div></section><footer class="site-footer grid 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