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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage_marks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Marriage marks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage_marks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_use_of_Siglas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_use_of_Siglas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Current use of Siglas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_use_of_Siglas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div 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.ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Siglas_poveiras" title="Special:EditPage/Siglas poveiras">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Siglas+poveiras%22">"Siglas poveiras"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Siglas+poveiras%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Siglas+poveiras%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Siglas+poveiras%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Siglas+poveiras%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Siglas+poveiras%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Museu_Povoa_de_Varzim-Siglas_poveiras.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Museu_Povoa_de_Varzim-Siglas_poveiras.jpg/220px-Museu_Povoa_de_Varzim-Siglas_poveiras.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Museu_Povoa_de_Varzim-Siglas_poveiras.jpg/330px-Museu_Povoa_de_Varzim-Siglas_poveiras.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Museu_Povoa_de_Varzim-Siglas_poveiras.jpg/440px-Museu_Povoa_de_Varzim-Siglas_poveiras.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2472" data-file-height="3016" /></a><figcaption>Siglas poveiras base symbols in the <a href="/wiki/Ethnography_and_History_Museum_of_P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim" title="Ethnography and History Museum of Póvoa de Varzim">Ethnography Museum of Póvoa de Varzim</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b><span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">siglas poveiras</i></span></b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">European Portuguese:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pt-Latn-PT-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">[ˈsiɡlɐʃ<span class="wrap"> </span>pɔˈvɐjɾɐʃ]</a></span>, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">Póvoa signs</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) or <b><span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">marcas poveiras</i></span></b> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">Póvoa marks</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) are a <a href="/wiki/Proto-writing" title="Proto-writing">proto-writing</a> system used by the local community of <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim" title="Póvoa de Varzim">Póvoa de Varzim</a>, Portugal, for many generations. </p><p>The siglas poveiras were primarily used as signatures for family coat of arms to mark family belongings. The symbols were typically carved into wood using a razor, though painting them on boats and beach sheds was also a common practice. </p><p>The purpose of the siglas poveiras was to record history, leading them to be described as Póvoa's "writing system." However, since the siglas do not represent sounds or specific words, they are not considered a true writing system. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siglas_poveiras&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lixa Filgueiras argued that there are two types of symbols, distinguished by their use: <i>marcas</i> (marks) and <i>siglas</i>. The <i>marcas</i> were primarily used to denote ownership and were therefore more commonly found. The <i>siglas</i>, on the other hand, were associated with magical and religious purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-CPA_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CPA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As symbols of a mythical nature, the <i>siglas</i> were rarer, both in their ancient and more recent forms. </p> <table align="center" cellspacing="1" style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;padding:0.1em;"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#bbbbbb"> <td colspan="4" align="center">Reference box for the types of siglas used in fishermen marks compared to the marks on the doors in the chapels of <a href="/wiki/Balasar" class="mw-redirect" title="Balasar">Balasar</a> and Santa Tecla </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th>Type </th> <th>Póvoa de Varzim </th> <th>Balasar </th> <th>Santa Tecla </th></tr> <tr bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"> <th>Religious Siglas </th> <td>18 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>11 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th>Magical Siglas </th> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"> <th>Maritime Siglas (total) </th> <td>47 </td> <td>23 </td> <td>20 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"> <td>Boats or parts </td> <td>32 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>13 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"> <td>Fishing </td> <td>5 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"> <td>Penas </td> <td>4 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"> <td>Pés de Galinha </td> <td>6 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family_marks">Family marks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siglas_poveiras&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Family marks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Siglas_poveiras_Rua_Candido_Landolt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Siglas_poveiras_Rua_Candido_Landolt.jpg/220px-Siglas_poveiras_Rua_Candido_Landolt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Siglas_poveiras_Rua_Candido_Landolt.jpg/330px-Siglas_poveiras_Rua_Candido_Landolt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Siglas_poveiras_Rua_Candido_Landolt.jpg/440px-Siglas_poveiras_Rua_Candido_Landolt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1180" data-file-height="886" /></a><figcaption>Family mark describing ownership of a private garage in Rua Cândido Landolt in Póvoa city center.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Siglaspoveirasbase.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Siglaspoveirasbase.png/220px-Siglaspoveirasbase.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Siglaspoveirasbase.png/330px-Siglaspoveirasbase.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Siglaspoveirasbase.png/440px-Siglaspoveirasbase.png 2x" data-file-width="697" data-file-height="458" /></a><figcaption>Siglas Poveiras that serve as a base to most used symbols.</figcaption></figure> <p>The siglas poveiras have been used as family coat of arms since time immemorial by the community of Póvoa de Varzim. These symbols were used to distinctly mark personal and fishing belongings, serving as a form of property registration. The <i>marca-brasão</i> ("blazon-mark") of a family was well-known throughout the Póvoa de Varzim community. Children were identified within their family by the number of <i>piques</i> (similar to traces) incorporated into their marks.<sup id="cite_ref-tumulares_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tumulares-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The usefulness of this system is evident in its use by merchants in their credit books, where the <i>siglas</i> were read much like we read names written in the Latin alphabet today. Currency values were represented by rings and traces, which were added after an individual’s mark.<sup id="cite_ref-tumulares_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tumulares-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, it was on the tombs of the deceased that the siglas poveiras gained a deeply personal significance. It became a common and accepted practice to have one’s mark carved onto their tombstone.<sup id="cite_ref-tumulares_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tumulares-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the Count of Vilas Boas, a former port authority of <a href="/wiki/Leix%C3%B5es" title="Leixões">Leixões</a>, an individual once stole a compass in Póvoa de Varzim and attempted to sell it in <a href="/wiki/Matosinhos" title="Matosinhos">Matosinhos</a>. Unaware that the "drawings" on the cover indicated the owner's name, the thief approached a woman from Póvoa de Varzim, who immediately recognized the mark. She alerted other fishermen, who also identified the mark, leading to the thief's apprehension and submission to the port authority.<sup id="cite_ref-tumulares_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tumulares-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inheritance">Inheritance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siglas_poveiras&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Inheritance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Siglas_heranca.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Siglas_heranca.png/240px-Siglas_heranca.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Siglas_heranca.png/360px-Siglas_heranca.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Siglas_heranca.png/480px-Siglas_heranca.png 2x" data-file-width="505" data-file-height="122" /></a><figcaption>An example of hereditary siglas poveiras in a family of four children - The position of the piques varies in each family.</figcaption></figure> <p>The siglas poveiras are hereditary emblems, similar to <a href="/wiki/Tamga" title="Tamga"><i>tamgas</i></a> or <a href="/wiki/House_mark" title="House mark">house marks</a>, passed down from fathers to sons. Each <i>sigla</i> has a unique symbolism, and only the heirs are permitted to use them. </p><p>The siglas poveiras were not merely invented but passed down through generations. The base family sigla was traditionally passed from the father to the youngest son, as Póvoa de Varzim's custom designates the youngest son as the family's heir. The other children received the sigla modified with traces, called <i>piques</i>. For example, the eldest son would have one <i>pique</i>, the second two, and so on, while the youngest son inherited the original sigla, sharing the same symbol as his father. </p><p>Analyses were conducted to determine whether families had consistently used the same symbols across generations, in light of some supposed inconsistencies within certain families. It became clear that these inconsistencies had historical or genealogical reasons, and that the symbols were indeed inherited through generations, preserved as part of Póvoa's local traditions. Hundreds of different marks were studied, leading to the identification of 84 distinct original families. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Magical-religious_marks">Magical-religious marks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siglas_poveiras&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Magical-religious marks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chapels_in_beaches_and_hills">Chapels in beaches and hills</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siglas_poveiras&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Chapels in beaches and hills"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SP_sanselimao.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/SP_sanselimao.png/140px-SP_sanselimao.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/SP_sanselimao.png/210px-SP_sanselimao.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/SP_sanselimao.png/280px-SP_sanselimao.png 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="628" /></a><figcaption>Only very rarely did siglas have magical value or were used as religious symbols. The <i>sanselimão</i> sigla was used as a protective symbol.</figcaption></figure> <p>Important locations for the study of siglas poveiras include churches and religious sites not only in the city and its rural surroundings but also across the entire Northwest Iberian Peninsula, particularly in the Minho region of Portugal and in <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia</a>. </p><p>Over generations, the Poveiros used to inscribe marks on the doors of chapels near beaches or hills, either as journey markers or as "campaign promises" (<i>promessas de campanha</i>). This practice has been observed at Nossa Senhora da Bonança, at Esposende Beach and at Santa Trega on A Guarda Hill in Galicia. The inscription would serve as a marker for future Poveiros, indicating either the passage of the inscriber or an attempt to seek good luck from the local venerated saint. </p><p>On 23 September 1991, a sculpture honoring the siglas poveiras was inaugurated at the festival of Santa Trega in Northwestern Spain, commemorating the lost door of the Chapel of Santa Trega, which is known to have been covered with siglas poveiras. Following the inauguration, a fishing expedition aboard the <i>Lancha Poveira Fé em Deus</i> (Faith in God) arrived from Póvoa de Varzim. The fishermen aboard then ascended to Santa Trega and prayed at the chapel dedicated to the patron saint of the hill. Hills near the coast, visible from the sea, have always held significance in Poveiros traditions. Long ago, members of the fishing community would climb this hill to pray to the saint, performing a ritual with chants aimed at changing the direction of the winds to ensure a safe return home. </p><p>Siglas used in much the same way can be found in the churches of Senhora da Abadia and São Bento da Porta Aberta in <a href="/wiki/Terras_de_Bouro" title="Terras de Bouro">Terras de Bouro</a>, São Torcato in <a href="/wiki/Guimar%C3%A3es" title="Guimarães">Guimarães</a>, Senhora da Guia, and <a href="/wiki/Vila_do_Conde" title="Vila do Conde">Vila do Conde</a>. In the municipality of Póvoa de Varzim, they can also be found in the Chapel of Santa Cruz de Balasar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Divisas">Divisas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siglas_poveiras&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Divisas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ala-arriba.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Ala-arriba.jpg/480px-Ala-arriba.jpg" decoding="async" width="480" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Ala-arriba.jpg/720px-Ala-arriba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Ala-arriba.jpg/960px-Ala-arriba.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2433" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Representation of Siglas Poveiras in an Azulejo. The picture represents "Ala-arriba!", pushing a boat to the beach by the community.</figcaption></figure> <p>The fish caught in a boat's net belonged to its owner, regardless of their position within the Lanchão or Sardinheiro castes. The fish were marked with the <i>sigla</i> and then delivered to the owner of the fishing net. These fish marks typically consist of blows made in the form of a <i>sigla</i> in different parts of the fish. </p><p>The crew of each boat also had a <i>sigla</i>, which was used by all members of the crew. If a worker moved to another boat, he would have to adopt the <i>sigla</i> of the new boat. These boat marks were known as <i>divisas</i>. </p><p>The <i>divisas</i> are true "coat of arms" intended for the recognition of the boat. Curiously, however, they were different from the boat owner's mark. It is important to note that all Poveiro belongings were marked with the owner's personal <i>sigla</i>, except for the boat. This suggests that boats were predominantly subject to magical-religious invocations, often adopting a protecting saint, thereby acquiring a mythical character and being surrounded by protective symbols.<sup id="cite_ref-CPA_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CPA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table border="0"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"> <p><small>A. Santos Graça, Epopeia dos Humildes, pag. 146</small> </p> <dl><dd>Cinco dias depois, entrava na barra da Póvoa, uma lancha encarnada que, pelas suas divisas, sarilho, peixe e panal à proa, panal e quatro piques em cruz à ré, se reconheceu ser a lendária lancha Santa Philomena.</dd> <dd>Vinha finalmente, descansar de tanta luta e fadiga na acolhedora praia da terra-mãe</dd></dl> </td> <td valign="top"> <p><b>English translation</b> </p> <dl><dd>Five days later, entered in Póvoa's sandbank, a reddish boat that, by its <i>divisas</i>, <i>sarilho</i>, <i>peixe</i> and <i>panal</i> at bow, <i>panal</i> and four <i>piques</i> in <i>cruz</i> at stern, was recognized as being the legendary <a href="/wiki/Saint_Philomena" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Philomena">Saint Philomena</a> boat.</dd> <dd>Finally, it returned to rest, after much fight and fatigue, in the cosy beach of her mother-land.</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriage_marks">Marriage marks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siglas_poveiras&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Marriage marks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Poveiros wrote their <i>sigla</i> on the table of the mother church upon marriage as a way of recording the event. This use of <i>siglas</i> can still be found in the Igreja Matriz of Póvoa de Varzim (the mother church since 1757) and in the <a href="/wiki/Lapa_Church" title="Lapa Church">Igreja da Lapa</a>. </p><p>A table in the old Church of Misericórdia, which served as the mother church until 1757, contained thousands of <i>siglas</i>. The collection of these <i>siglas</i> would have greatly contributed to a deeper study of the siglas poveiras, but they were destroyed when the church was demolished. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siglas_poveiras&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>siglas</i> were first studied by António de Santos Graça in his book <i>Epopeia dos Humildes</i> ("The Odyssey of the Humble"). Published in 1952, the book features hundreds of <i>siglas</i> and explores the history and maritime tragedy of Póvoa. Other works by him include <i>O Poveiro</i> (The Poveiro, 1932), <i>A Crença do Poveiro nas Almas Penadas</i> (Poveiro Beliefs Regarding Dead Souls, 1933), and <i>Inscrições Tumulares por Siglas</i> (Tomb Inscriptions Using Siglas, 1942). </p><p>Although there are various opinions regarding their origin, it is generally accepted that the <i>siglas</i>, also known as <i>marcas</i>, are of Scandinavian origin. Based on numerous similarities initially found at the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Denmark" title="National Museum of Denmark">Nationalmuseet</a> in <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>, Octávio Lixa Filgueiras identified several objects marked with "<a href="/wiki/Home-marks" class="mw-redirect" title="Home-marks">home-marks</a>" from <a href="/wiki/Funen" title="Funen">Funen</a> (also known as <a href="/wiki/Fyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Fyn">Fyn</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>. Further studies revealed that the complex hereditary marking system of Póvoa de Varzim was also present in Fyn. Given the geographical distance, historical Viking incursions along the Portuguese coast, and pagan rituals practiced by people from this particular fishing region, it is believed that there is a partial Norse ancestry and cultural legacy.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The development of the <i>siglas</i> or <i>marcas</i> (Bomark) is at least partly attributed to the Norsemen who settled in the town during the 10th and 11th centuries. This form of primitive writing, which developed within the community of Póvoa de Varzim, was preserved due to the practice of endogamy. Additionally, the similarity between the <i>marcas</i> and the <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavian</a> tradition of using specific <i>bomärken</i> ("homestead marks") for signatures and marking property is noteworthy. </p><p>Each base <i>sigla</i> has a name, typically related to daily objects. However, this <i>sigla</i>-object association occurred at a later date for both Póvoa de Varzim and the system studied in the <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Danish</a> region of Funen. The hourglass of Funen was drawn in the same way as the chalice of Póvoa de Varzim, indicating that both are remnants of a later era. </p><p><i>Siglas</i> have also been compared to <a href="/wiki/Runes" title="Runes">runes</a>, especially in the 1960s when Lixa Filgueiras called for further studies on the matter. </p><p>Comparing only identical Nordic runes: </p> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Runic_letter_isaz.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="i"><img alt="i" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Runic_letter_isaz.svg/3px-Runic_letter_isaz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="3" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Runic_letter_isaz.svg/5px-Runic_letter_isaz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Runic_letter_isaz.svg/6px-Runic_letter_isaz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <b>pique</b> - <i>i</i>-rune <i>isaz</i> (<a href="/wiki/Ice" title="Ice">ice</a>)</dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Runic_letter_tiwaz.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="t"><img alt="t" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Runic_letter_tiwaz.svg/15px-Runic_letter_tiwaz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Runic_letter_tiwaz.svg/23px-Runic_letter_tiwaz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Runic_letter_tiwaz.svg/30px-Runic_letter_tiwaz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <b>arpão</b> (harpoon) - <i>t</i>-rune <i>Tiwaz</i> (<a href="/wiki/Tyr" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyr">Tyr</a>)</dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Runic_letter_laukaz.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="l"><img alt="l" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Runic_letter_laukaz.svg/15px-Runic_letter_laukaz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Runic_letter_laukaz.svg/23px-Runic_letter_laukaz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Runic_letter_laukaz.svg/30px-Runic_letter_laukaz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <b>meio-arpão</b> (half-harpoon) <i>l</i>-rune <i>laguz</i> (<a href="/wiki/Lake" title="Lake">lake</a>)</dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Runic_letter_dagaz.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="d"><img alt="d" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Runic_letter_dagaz.svg/15px-Runic_letter_dagaz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Runic_letter_dagaz.svg/23px-Runic_letter_dagaz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Runic_letter_dagaz.svg/30px-Runic_letter_dagaz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <b>cálix fechado</b> (closed <a href="/wiki/Chalice_(cup)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chalice (cup)">Chalice</a>) - <i>d</i>-rune <i>dagaz</i> (<a href="/wiki/Day" title="Day">day</a>)</dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Runic_letter_gebo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="g"><img alt="g" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Runic_letter_gebo.svg/15px-Runic_letter_gebo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Runic_letter_gebo.svg/23px-Runic_letter_gebo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Runic_letter_gebo.svg/30px-Runic_letter_gebo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <b>cruz</b> (<a href="/wiki/Cross" title="Cross">cross</a>) <i>g</i>-rune <i>gyfu</i> (<a href="/wiki/Gift" title="Gift">gift</a>)</dd></dl> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cruzeiro_do_Cemit%C3%A9rio.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Cruzeiro_do_Cemit%C3%A9rio.JPG/220px-Cruzeiro_do_Cemit%C3%A9rio.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Cruzeiro_do_Cemit%C3%A9rio.JPG/330px-Cruzeiro_do_Cemit%C3%A9rio.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Cruzeiro_do_Cemit%C3%A9rio.JPG/440px-Cruzeiro_do_Cemit%C3%A9rio.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>According to Santos Graça, the Cruzeiro of the Cemetery of Póvoa de Varzim (a cross in a stone column) was the origin of the sigla poveira known as <i>Padrão</i> (standard).</figcaption></figure> <p>According to Santos Graça, the <i>siglas</i> were inspired by the daily objects of the residents of Póvoa de Varzim: </p> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SP_lanchina_tipo_1.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Lanchina"><img alt="Lanchina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/SP_lanchina_tipo_1.png/15px-SP_lanchina_tipo_1.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/SP_lanchina_tipo_1.png/23px-SP_lanchina_tipo_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/SP_lanchina_tipo_1.png/30px-SP_lanchina_tipo_1.png 2x" data-file-width="243" data-file-height="351" /></a></span> <b>lanchinha</b> — Poveiro Boat (port)</dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SP_lanchina_tipo_2.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Lanchina"><img alt="Lanchina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/SP_lanchina_tipo_2.png/15px-SP_lanchina_tipo_2.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/SP_lanchina_tipo_2.png/23px-SP_lanchina_tipo_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/SP_lanchina_tipo_2.png/30px-SP_lanchina_tipo_2.png 2x" data-file-width="243" data-file-height="351" /></a></span> <b>lanchinha</b> — Poveiro Boat (nose)</dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SP_mastro_e_verga.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Mastro e verga"><img alt="Mastro e verga" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/SP_mastro_e_verga.png/15px-SP_mastro_e_verga.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/SP_mastro_e_verga.png/23px-SP_mastro_e_verga.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/SP_mastro_e_verga.png/30px-SP_mastro_e_verga.png 2x" data-file-width="243" data-file-height="351" /></a></span> <b>mastro e verga</b> — Barco Poveiro with hoisted sail</dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SP_coice.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Coice"><img alt="Coice" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/SP_coice.png/15px-SP_coice.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/SP_coice.png/23px-SP_coice.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/SP_coice.png/30px-SP_coice.png 2x" data-file-width="243" data-file-height="351" /></a></span> <b>coice</b> — Barco Poveiro (an area where women pushed for <a href="/wiki/Ala-Arriba" class="mw-redirect" title="Ala-Arriba">Ala-Arriba</a>)</dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SP_padrao.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Padrao"><img alt="Padrao" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/SP_padrao.png/15px-SP_padrao.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/SP_padrao.png/23px-SP_padrao.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/SP_padrao.png/30px-SP_padrao.png 2x" data-file-width="243" data-file-height="351" /></a></span> <b>padrão</b> — Cruzeiro of the Cemetery of Póvoa de Varzim</dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SP_grade_2_piques.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Grade de 2 piques"><img alt="Grade de 2 piques" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/SP_grade_2_piques.png/15px-SP_grade_2_piques.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/SP_grade_2_piques.png/23px-SP_grade_2_piques.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/SP_grade_2_piques.png/30px-SP_grade_2_piques.png 2x" data-file-width="243" data-file-height="351" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SP_grade_3_piques.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Grade de 3 piques"><img alt="Grade de 3 piques" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/SP_grade_3_piques.png/15px-SP_grade_3_piques.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/SP_grade_3_piques.png/23px-SP_grade_3_piques.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/SP_grade_3_piques.png/30px-SP_grade_3_piques.png 2x" data-file-width="243" data-file-height="351" /></a></span> <b>grades de dois e três piques</b> — Gratings (Agricultural object used in the smoothing of the farm fields after harvest in <a href="/wiki/Giesteira" title="Giesteira">Giesteira</a>, Póvoa de Varzim)</dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SP_sarilho.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Sarilho"><img alt="Sarilho" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/SP_sarilho.png/15px-SP_sarilho.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/SP_sarilho.png/23px-SP_sarilho.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/SP_sarilho.png/30px-SP_sarilho.png 2x" data-file-width="243" data-file-height="351" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SP_meio_sarilho.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Meio sarilho"><img alt="Meio sarilho" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/SP_meio_sarilho.png/15px-SP_meio_sarilho.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/SP_meio_sarilho.png/23px-SP_meio_sarilho.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/SP_meio_sarilho.png/30px-SP_meio_sarilho.png 2x" data-file-width="243" data-file-height="351" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SP_meio_sarilho_2.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Meio sarilho"><img alt="Meio sarilho" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/SP_meio_sarilho_2.png/15px-SP_meio_sarilho_2.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/SP_meio_sarilho_2.png/23px-SP_meio_sarilho_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/SP_meio_sarilho_2.png/30px-SP_meio_sarilho_2.png 2x" data-file-width="243" data-file-height="351" /></a></span> <b>sarilho</b> and <b>meio sarilho</b> — Sarilho (object used by women to make hanks of wool or hemp in Póvoa de Varzim)</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_use_of_Siglas">Current use of Siglas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siglas_poveiras&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Current use of Siglas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Calcadasiglaspoveiras.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Calcadasiglaspoveiras.JPG/200px-Calcadasiglaspoveiras.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Calcadasiglaspoveiras.JPG/300px-Calcadasiglaspoveiras.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Calcadasiglaspoveiras.JPG/400px-Calcadasiglaspoveiras.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Traditional Portuguese pavement in Póvoa de Varzim city center with family marks.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Placa_pra%C3%A7a_almada_povoa_varzim.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Placa_pra%C3%A7a_almada_povoa_varzim.jpg/200px-Placa_pra%C3%A7a_almada_povoa_varzim.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Placa_pra%C3%A7a_almada_povoa_varzim.jpg/300px-Placa_pra%C3%A7a_almada_povoa_varzim.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Placa_pra%C3%A7a_almada_povoa_varzim.jpg 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="277" /></a><figcaption>Street plate in Póvoa de Varzim city center with Povoan family marks.</figcaption></figure> <p>The use of the Latin alphabet to identify boats occurred only very recently in Póvoa de Varzim, especially when compared to other fishing communities that used various marks. In 1944, of a set of 25 boat marks, only one used the Latin alphabet: <i>F.A. de Francisco Fogateira</i>, which replaced the marks <i>lanchinha</i> and the "double of two <i>piques</i> in cross and <i>coice</i>." In <a href="/wiki/Aver-o-Mar" class="mw-redirect" title="Aver-o-Mar">Aver-o-Mar</a>, out of a group of 38 boats, eight vessels already used the alphabet and marks. </p><p>Despite the decline in use over the years, the <i>banheiros</i> of the <a href="/wiki/Bairro_Norte" title="Bairro Norte">Bairro Norte</a> district still place their family marks on their belongings at the beach. The same practice occurs in their homes, where the marks are written on personal items. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Casa_dos_Pescadores_da_P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Casa dos Pescadores da Póvoa de Varzim (page does not exist)">Casa dos Pescadores da Póvoa de Varzim</a>, the fishermen's association, still recognizes marks as valid forms of signature. Additionally, marks are used to decorate the city, such as in the pavements. Street signs in the city center of Póvoa de Varzim feature these marks to revive their use and reinforce local identity by showcasing the marks of traditional Povoan families. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siglas_poveiras&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-runes" title="Pseudo-runes">Pseudo-runes</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siglas_poveiras&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CPA-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CPA_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CPA_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lixa Filgueiras, Octávio (1965). <i>Àcêrca das Siglas Poveiras</i>. IV Colóquio Portuense de Arqueologia.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tumulares-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tumulares_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tumulares_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tumulares_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tumulares_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Santos Graça, António (1942). <i>Inscrições Tumulares Por Siglas</i>. Edição de autor, Póvoa de Varzim.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ann Christys, <i>Vikings in the South</i> (London: Bloomsbury, 2015), pp. 15-17.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siglas_poveiras&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output 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font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Siglas_poveiras" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Siglas poveiras">Siglas poveiras</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.povoadevarzim.com.pt/fotografias/siglaspvz/mini_s2.gif">Families (part one)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.povoadevarzim.com.pt/fotografias/siglaspvz/mini_s3.gif">Families (part two)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stands4.com/acronyms/SPANISH">Abreviaturas, Acrónimos & Siglas</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070218224809/http://www.cm-pvarzim.pt/turismo/conhecer-a-povoa/siglas-poveiras">Siglas Poveiras</a> - <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A2mara_Municipal" class="mw-redirect" title="Câmara Municipal">Câmara Municipal</a> da <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim" title="Póvoa de Varzim">Póvoa de Varzim</a></li> 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style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="color: #ffffff; background-color: #006699;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Póvoa de Varzim"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: #ffffff">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Póvoa_de_Varzim_topics215" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim" title="Póvoa de Varzim"><span style="color:white;">Póvoa de Varzim</span></a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color: #ffffff; background-color: #006699;">Main topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim" title="History of Póvoa de Varzim">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim" title="Culture of Póvoa de Varzim">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim" title="Geography of Póvoa de Varzim">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim" title="Architecture of Póvoa de Varzim">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim" title="Economy of Póvoa de Varzim">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Parishes_of_P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim" title="Civil Parishes of Póvoa de Varzim">Civil parishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim" title="Districts of Póvoa de Varzim">City districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Localities_of_P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim" title="Localities of Póvoa de Varzim">Localities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim" title="List of people from Póvoa de Varzim">Notable people</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bandeirapvz.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Póvoa de Varzim"><img alt="Póvoa de Varzim" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Bandeirapvz.png/75px-Bandeirapvz.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Bandeirapvz.png/113px-Bandeirapvz.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Bandeirapvz.png/150px-Bandeirapvz.png 2x" data-file-width="321" data-file-height="213" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color: #ffffff; background-color: #006699;">Libraries & museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rocha_Peixoto_Municipal_Library" title="Rocha Peixoto Municipal Library">Rocha Peixoto Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Bar" title="Diana Bar">Diana Bar Beach Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnography_and_History_Museum_of_P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim" title="Ethnography and History Museum of Póvoa de Varzim">Ethnography and History Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Casa_Museum_of_P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim" title="Santa Casa Museum of Póvoa de Varzim">Santa Casa Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cividade_de_Terroso" title="Cividade de Terroso">Cividade de Terroso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rates_Ecomuseum" title="Rates Ecomuseum">Rates Ecomuseum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color: #ffffff; background-color: #006699;">Arts & entertainment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casino_da_P%C3%B3voa" title="Casino da Póvoa">Casino da Póvoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrett_Theatre" title="Garrett Theatre">Garrett Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim_Municipal_Auditorium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Póvoa de Varzim Municipal Auditorium (page does not exist)">Póvoa de Varzim Auditorium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim_Music_Hall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Póvoa de Varzim Music Hall (page does not exist)">Póvoa de Varzim Music Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Filantr%C3%B3pica" title="A Filantrópica">A Filantrópica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim_Bullfighting_Arena" title="Póvoa de Varzim Bullfighting Arena">Póvoa de Varzim Arena</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color: #ffffff; background-color: #006699;">Other landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim_City_Hall" title="Póvoa de Varzim City Hall">City Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castelo_da_P%C3%B3voa" title="Castelo da Póvoa">Castelo da Póvoa Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim" title="Port of Póvoa de Varzim">Port of Póvoa de Varzim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_Rates" title="Monastery of Rates">Romanesque Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matriz_Church_of_P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim" title="Matriz Church of Póvoa de Varzim">Parish Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady_of_Sorrows,_P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim" title="Church of Our Lady of Sorrows, Póvoa de Varzim">Church of Our Lady of Sorrows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_the_Sacred_Heart_of_Jesus,_P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim" title="Basilica of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, Póvoa de Varzim">Basilica of the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_churches_in_P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim" title="List of churches in Póvoa de Varzim">all churches</a></li> <li>Lighthouses (<a href="/wiki/Farol_da_Lapa" title="Farol da Lapa">Farol da Lapa</a> & <a href="/wiki/Farol_de_Regufe" title="Farol de Regufe">Farol de Regufe</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_Aqueduct" title="Santa Clara Aqueduct">Santa Clara Aqueduct</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coelheiro_Aqueduct&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coelheiro Aqueduct (page does not exist)">Coelheiro Aqueduct</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lu%C3%ADsa_Dacosta_Windmill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luísa Dacosta Windmill (page does not exist)">Luísa Dacosta Windmill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grande_Hotel_da_P%C3%B3voa" title="Grande Hotel da Póvoa">Grande Hotel da Póvoa</a></li> <li>Villas (<a href="/wiki/Calves,_Portugal" title="Calves, Portugal">Calves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Villa_Myos%C3%B3tis" title="Villa Myosótis">Villa Myosótis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alminhas" title="Alminhas">Alminhas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touro_(sculpture)" title="Touro (sculpture)">Touro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculptures_in_P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim" title="Sculptures in Póvoa de Varzim">Sculptures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color: #ffffff; background-color: #006699;">Notable streets<br />& squares</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pra%C3%A7a_do_Almada" title="Praça do Almada">Praça do Almada</a> (civic center)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rua_da_Junqueira" title="Rua da Junqueira">Junqueira</a> (shopping street)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Largo_David_Alves" title="Largo David Alves">Largo David Alves Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pra%C3%A7a_da_Rep%C3%BAblica_(P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim)" title="Praça da República (Póvoa de Varzim)">Praça da República</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avenida_dos_Banhos" title="Avenida dos Banhos">Avenida dos Banhos</a> & <a href="/wiki/Passeio_Alegre" title="Passeio Alegre">Passeio Alegre</a> (waterfront)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avenida_Mousinho_de_Albuquerque&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avenida Mousinho de Albuquerque (page does not exist)">Avenida Mousinho de Albuquerque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avenida_Vasco_da_Gama" title="Avenida Vasco da Gama">Avenida Vasco da Gama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avenida_25_de_Abril_(P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim)" title="Avenida 25 de Abril (Póvoa de Varzim)">Avenida 25 de Abril</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pra%C3%A7a_Marqu%C3%AAs_de_Pombal_(P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Praça Marquês de Pombal (Póvoa de Varzim) (page does not exist)">Praça Marquês de Pombal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pra%C3%A7a_Velha" title="Praça Velha">Praça Velha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Largo_das_Dores" title="Largo das Dores">Largo das Dores Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rua_Santos_Minho" title="Rua Santos Minho">Rua Santos Minho</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color: #ffffff; background-color: #006699;">Beaches & parks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim_beaches" title="Póvoa de Varzim beaches">Póvoa de Varzim beaches</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enseada_da_P%C3%B3voa" class="mw-redirect" title="Enseada da Póvoa">Enseada da Póvoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redonda_Beach" title="Redonda Beach">Redonda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salgueira_Beach" title="Salgueira Beach">Salgueira</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verde_Beach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Verde Beach (page does not exist)">Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beijinhos_Beach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beijinhos Beach (page does not exist)">Beijinhos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagoa_Beach" title="Lagoa Beach">Lagoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fragosa_Beach" title="Fragosa Beach">Fragosa</a> & <a href="/w/index.php?title=Forcada_rock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Forcada rock (page does not exist)">Forcada rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esteiro_Beach" title="Esteiro Beach">Esteiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coim_Beach" title="Coim Beach">Coim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qui%C3%A3o_Beach,_Portugal" title="Quião Beach, Portugal">Quião</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Santo_Andr%C3%A9" title="Cape Santo André">Cape Santo André</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Andr%C3%A9_Beach" title="Santo André Beach">Santo André</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agu%C3%A7adoura_Beach" title="Aguçadoura Beach">Aguçadoura</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Codicheira_Beach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Codicheira Beach (page does not exist)">Codicheira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Alto_Beach" title="Rio Alto Beach">Rio Alto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim_City_Park" title="Póvoa de Varzim City Park">City Park</a> & <a href="/wiki/Lagoa_da_Pedreira" title="Lagoa da Pedreira">Lagoa da Pedreira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_F%C3%A9lix_Hill" title="São Félix Hill">São Félix Hill</a> & <a href="/wiki/Cividade_Hill" title="Cividade Hill">Cividade Hill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color: #ffffff; background-color: #006699;">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Varzim_S.C." title="Varzim S.C.">Varzim S.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clube_Desportivo_da_P%C3%B3voa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clube Desportivo da Póvoa (page does not exist)">Desportivo da Póvoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clube_Naval_Povoense&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clube Naval Povoense (page does not exist)">Clube Naval Povoense</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clube_da_Praia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clube da Praia (page does not exist)">Clube da Praia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Est%C3%A1dio_do_Varzim_SC" title="Estádio do Varzim SC">Varzim Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim_Municipal_Stadium" title="Póvoa de Varzim Municipal Stadium">Municipal Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavilh%C3%A3o_Desportivo_Municipal_da_P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim" title="Pavilhão Desportivo Municipal da Póvoa de Varzim">Póvoa Pavilion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marina_da_P%C3%B3voa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marina da Póvoa (page does not exist)">Marina da Póvoa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color: #ffffff; background-color: #006699;">Ethnography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Siglas poveiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poveiro_(boat)" title="Poveiro (boat)">Poveiro boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ala-Arriba!_(film)" title="Ala-Arriba! (film)">Ala-Arriba! (film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hino_da_P%C3%B3voa" title="Hino da Póvoa">Póvoa Hymn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_dos_Poveiros" title="Casa dos Poveiros">Casa dos Poveiros</a></li> <li>Folk costumes (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Branqueta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Branqueta (page does not exist)">Branqueta</a> & <a href="/wiki/Tricana_poveira" title="Tricana poveira">Tricana</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim_Holiday" title="Póvoa de Varzim Holiday">Póvoa de Varzim Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anjo_Festival" title="Anjo Festival">Anjo Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masseira" title="Masseira">Masseira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color: #ffffff; background-color: #006699;">Famous Food</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pescada_%C3%A0_poveira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pescada à poveira (page does not exist)">Pescada à poveira</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arroz_de_marico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arroz de marico (page does not exist)">Arroz de marico</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feijoada_poveira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Feijoada poveira (page does not exist)">Feijoada poveira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesinha_poveira" title="Francesinha poveira">Francesinha poveira</a> (fast food)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rabanada_poveira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rabanada poveira (page does not exist)">Rabanada poveira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Types_of_writing_systems56" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_writing_systems" title="Template:List of writing systems"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_writing_systems" title="Template talk:List of writing systems"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_writing_systems" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of writing systems"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Types_of_writing_systems56" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Types</a> of <a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">writing systems</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_writing" title="History of writing">History of writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grapheme" title="Grapheme">Grapheme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Writing systems</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Undeciphered_writing_systems" title="Undeciphered writing systems">undeciphered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_creators_of_writing_systems" title="List of creators of writing systems">inventors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_constructed_scripts" title="List of constructed scripts">constructed</a></li></ul></li> <li>Languages by writing system / <a href="/wiki/List_of_languages_by_first_written_accounts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of languages by first written accounts">by first written accounts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Types56" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Types</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Abjads0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Abjad" title="Abjad">Abjads</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Numerals</a></i></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Aramaic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hatran_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatran alphabet">Hatran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elifba_alphabet" title="Elifba alphabet">Elifba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elymaic" title="Elymaic">Elymaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ktav_Ashuri" title="Ktav Ashuri">Ashuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursive_Hebrew" title="Cursive Hebrew">Cursive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashi_script" title="Rashi script">Rashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solitreo" title="Solitreo">Solitreo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaic_alphabet" title="Mandaic alphabet">Mandaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaean_script" title="Manichaean script">Manichaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabataean_script" title="Nabataean script">Nabataean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_North_Arabian" title="Ancient North Arabian">Ancient North Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_scripts" title="Pahlavi scripts">Pahlavi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_Pahlavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Book Pahlavi">Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inscriptional_Pahlavi" title="Inscriptional Pahlavi">Inscriptional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inscriptional_Parthian" title="Inscriptional Parthian">Inscriptional Parthian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalter_Pahlavi" title="Psalter Pahlavi">Psalter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegon_script" title="Pegon script">Pegon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Hebrew_alphabet" title="Paleo-Hebrew alphabet">Paleo-Hebrew</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitman_shorthand" title="Pitman shorthand">Pitman shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic_script" title="Proto-Sinaitic script">Proto-Sinaitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Punic alphabet">Punic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_script" title="Samaritan script">Samaritan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">South Arabian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script#Zabur_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Zabur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script#Musnad" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Musnad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogdian_alphabet" title="Sogdian alphabet">Sogdian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#Classical_ʾEsṭrangēlā" title="Syriac alphabet">ʾEsṭrangēlā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#West_Syriac_Serṭā" title="Syriac alphabet">Serṭā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#East_Syriac_Maḏnḥāyā" title="Syriac alphabet">Maḏnḥāyā</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teeline_Shorthand" class="mw-redirect" title="Teeline Shorthand">Teeline Shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugaritic_alphabet" title="Ugaritic alphabet">Ugaritic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Abugidas0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Abugida" title="Abugida">Abugidas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Brahmic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali%E2%80%93Assamese_script" title="Bengali–Assamese script">Bengali–Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaiksuki_script" title="Bhaiksuki script">Bhaiksuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogri_script" title="Dogri script">Dogri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_script" title="Gujarati script">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gupta_script" title="Gupta script">Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaithi" title="Kaithi">Kaithi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_script" title="Kalinga script">Kalinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khema_script" title="Khema script">Khema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khojki_script" title="Khojki script">Khojki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khudabadi_script" title="Khudabadi script">Khudabadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8D%C4%81_scripts" title="Laṇḍā scripts">Laṇḍā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_script" title="Lepcha script">Lepcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahajani" title="Mahajani">Mahajani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marchen_script" title="Marchen script">Marchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_script" title="Meitei script">Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modi_script" title="Modi script">Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multani_script" title="Multani script">Multani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81gar%C4%AB_script" title="Nāgarī script">Nagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandinagari" title="Nandinagari">Nandinagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_scripts" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepalese scripts">Nepalese scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhujimol_script" title="Bhujimol script">Bhujimol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Golmol script (page does not exist)">Golmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Himmol script (page does not exist)">Himmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kummol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kummol script (page does not exist)">Kummol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvemmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvemmol script (page does not exist)">Kvemmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pachumol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pachumol script (page does not exist)">Pachumol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pracalit_script" title="Pracalit script">Pracalit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranjana_script" title="Ranjana script">Ranjana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamyig_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamyig script">Tamyig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirhuta_script" title="Tirhuta script">Tirhuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbu_script" title="Limbu script">Limbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_scripts" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepalese scripts">Litumol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_script" title="Odia script">Odia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karani_script" title="Karani script">Karani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BCPhags-pa_script" title="ʼPhags-pa script">ʼPhags-pa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharada_script" title="Sharada script">Sharada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddha%E1%B9%83_script" title="Siddhaṃ script">Siddhaṃ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyombo_script" title="Soyombo script">Soyombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylheti_Nagri" title="Sylheti Nagri">Sylheti Nagri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takri_script" title="Takri script">Takri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uchen_script" title="Uchen script">Uchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Um%C3%AA_script" title="Umê script">Umê</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocharian_script" title="Tocharian script">Tocharian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanabazar_square_script" title="Zanabazar square script">Zanabazar square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahom_script" title="Ahom script">Ahom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_script" title="Balinese script">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_script" title="Batak script">Batak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baybayin" title="Baybayin">Baybayin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhattiprolu_script" title="Bhattiprolu script">Bhattiprolu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buda_script" title="Buda script">Buda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buhid_script" title="Buhid script">Buhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakma_script" title="Chakma script">Chakma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_script" title="Cham script">Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakkham_script" title="Fakkham script">Fakkham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grantha_script" title="Grantha script">Grantha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goykanadi" title="Goykanadi">Goykanadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanunoo_script" title="Hanunoo script">Hanunoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_script" title="Javanese script">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadamba_script" title="Kadamba script">Kadamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_script" title="Kannada script">Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%27gaw_Karen_alphabet" title="S'gaw Karen alphabet">Karen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawi_script" title="Kawi script">Kawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">Khmer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khom_Thai_script" title="Khom Thai script">Khom Thai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulitan" title="Kulitan">Kulitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Lanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langdi" title="Langdi">Langdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_script" title="Lao script">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leke_script" title="Leke script">Leke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lontara_script" title="Lontara script">Lontara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lontara_Bilang-bilang_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Lontara Bilang-bilang script">Bilang-bilang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makasar_script" title="Makasar script">Makasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_script" title="Malayalam script">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_writing_systems" title="Maldivian writing systems">Old Maldivian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhives_Akuru" title="Dhives Akuru">Dhives Akuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eveyla_Akuru" class="mw-redirect" title="Eveyla Akuru">Eveyla Akuru</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%E2%80%93Burmese_script" title="Mon–Burmese script">Mon–Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallava_script" title="Pallava script">Pallava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyu_script" title="Pyu script">Pyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saurashtra_script" title="Saurashtra script">Saurashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_alphabet" title="Shan alphabet">Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_script" title="Sinhala script">Sinhala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhothai_script" title="Sukhothai script">Sukhothai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_script" title="Sundanese script">Sundanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Sundanese_script" title="Old Sundanese script">Old Sundanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagbanwa_script" title="Tagbanwa script">Tagbanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Le_script" title="Tai Le script">Tai Le</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Tai_Lue_alphabet" title="New Tai Lue alphabet">New Tai Lue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Noi_script" title="Tai Noi script">Tai Noi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Tai Tham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Viet_script" title="Tai Viet script">Tai Viet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_Tay_script" title="Lai Tay script">Lai Tay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil-Brahmi" title="Tamil-Brahmi">Tamil-Brahmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanchangya_script" title="Tanchangya script">Tanchangya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_script" title="Telugu script">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_script" title="Thai script">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigalari_script" title="Tigalari script">Tigalari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulu_scripts" title="Ulu scripts">Ulu scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Incung_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Incung script">Incung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampung_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Lampung script">Lampung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lembak_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Lembak script">Lembak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogan_script" title="Ogan script">Ogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasemah_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasemah script">Pasemah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejang_alphabet" title="Rejang alphabet">Rejang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serawai_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Serawai script">Serawai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatteluttu" title="Vatteluttu">Vatteluttu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kolezhuthu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolezhuthu">Kolezhuthu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayanma" title="Malayanma">Malayanma</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharati_script" title="Bharati script">Bharati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyd%27s_syllabic_shorthand" title="Boyd's syllabic shorthand">Boyd's syllabic shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian syllabics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_language#Writing_system" title="Blackfoot language">Blackfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrier_syllabics" title="Carrier syllabics">Déné syllabics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dham_script" title="Dham script">Dham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_I_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox I script">Fox I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ge%CA%BDez_script" title="Geʽez script">Geʽez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunjala_Gondi_script" title="Gunjala Gondi script">Gunjala Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarati" title="Sarati">Sarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language#Writing_Systems" title="Sunwar language">Jenticha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharosthi" title="Kharosthi">Kharosthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandombe_script" title="Mandombe script">Mandombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondi_writing" title="Gondi writing">Masaram Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meroitic_script" title="Meroitic script">Meroitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollard_script" title="Pollard script">Miao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwangwego_script" title="Mwangwego script">Mwangwego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Pahawh Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorang_Sompeng_script" title="Sorang Sompeng script">Sorang Sompeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengwar" title="Tengwar">Tengwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaana" title="Thaana">Thaana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Natural_Shorthand" title="Thomas Natural Shorthand">Thomas Natural Shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warang_Citi" title="Warang Citi">Warang Citi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwangwego_script" title="Mwangwego script">Mwangwego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rma_script" title="Rma script">Rma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Alphabets0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">Alphabets</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Linear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adlam_script" title="Adlam script">Adlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariyaka_script" title="Ariyaka script">Ariyaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_alphabet" title="Armenian alphabet">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avestan_alphabet" title="Avestan alphabet">Avestan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pazend" title="Pazend">Pazend</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avoiuli" title="Avoiuli">Avoiuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassa_Vah_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bassa Vah script">Bassa Vah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carian_alphabets" title="Carian alphabets">Carian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albanian_script" title="Caucasian Albanian script">Caucasian Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirth" title="Cirth">Cirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coelbren_y_Beirdd" title="Coelbren y Beirdd">Coelbren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coorgi%E2%80%93Cox_alphabet" title="Coorgi–Cox alphabet">Coorgi–Cox alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic alphabet">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Cyrillic" title="Bosnian Cyrillic">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Early Cyrillic alphabet">Early</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deseret_alphabet" title="Deseret alphabet">Deseret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duployan_shorthand" title="Duployan shorthand">Duployan shorthand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duployan_shorthand#Chinook_writing" title="Duployan shorthand">Chinook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclectic_shorthand" title="Eclectic shorthand">Eclectic shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbasan_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Elbasan script">Elbasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enochian" title="Enochian">Enochian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_alphabet" title="Etruscan alphabet">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Psalmanazar#Pseudo-lexicographer" title="George Psalmanazar">Formosan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_language#Writing_systems" title="Fox language">Fox II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_script" title="Fraser script">Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabelsberger_shorthand" title="Gabelsberger shorthand">Gabelsberger shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadabuursi_Somali_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Gadabuursi Somali script">Gadabuursi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garay_alphabet" title="Garay alphabet">Garay alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_scripts" title="Georgian scripts">Georgian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asomtavruli" class="mw-redirect" title="Asomtavruli">Asomtavruli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuskhuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuskhuri">Nuskhuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mkhedruli" class="mw-redirect" title="Mkhedruli">Mkhedruli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veso_Bey_alphabet" title="Veso Bey alphabet">Veso Bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_script" title="Glagolitic script">Glagolitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_alphabet" title="Gothic alphabet">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregg_shorthand" title="Gregg shorthand">Gregg shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a> (<a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greek_alphabets" title="Archaic Greek alphabets">Archaic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Iberian_alphabet" title="Greco-Iberian alphabet">Greco-Iberian alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanifi_Rohingya_script" title="Hanifi Rohingya script">Hanifi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language#Writing_Systems" title="Sunwar language">Jenticha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaddare_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaddare script">Kaddare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayah_Li_alphabet" title="Kayah Li alphabet">Kayah Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klingon_scripts" title="Klingon scripts">Klingon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beneventan_script" title="Beneventan script">Beneventan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackletter" title="Blackletter">Blackletter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_minuscule" title="Carolingian minuscule">Carolingian minuscule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraktur" title="Fraktur">Fraktur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_type" title="Gaelic type">Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_script" title="Insular script">Insular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlac" class="mw-redirect" title="Interlac">Interlac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurrent" title="Kurrent">Kurrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merovingian_script" title="Merovingian script">Merovingian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scribal_abbreviation" title="Scribal abbreviation">Sigla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCtterlin" title="Sütterlin">Sütterlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tironian_notes" title="Tironian notes">Tironian notes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visigothic_script" title="Visigothic script">Visigothic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_script" title="Luo script">Luo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycian_alphabet" title="Lycian alphabet">Lycian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydian_alphabet" title="Lydian alphabet">Lydian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medefaidrin" title="Medefaidrin">Medefaidrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molodtsov_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Molodtsov alphabet">Molodtsov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mru_language#Script" title="Mru language">Mru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundari_Bani" title="Mundari Bani">Mundari Bani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%27Ko_script" title="N'Ko script">N'Ko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham">Ogham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ol_Chiki_script" title="Ol Chiki script">Ol Chiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Hungarian_script" title="Old Hungarian script">Old Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Italic_scripts" title="Old Italic scripts">Old Italic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Permic_script" title="Old Permic script">Old Permic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_script" title="Old Turkic script">Orkhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Uyghur_alphabet" title="Old Uyghur alphabet">Old Uyghur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_script" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evenki_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Evenki alphabet">Evenki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galik_alphabet" title="Galik alphabet">Galik alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear_Script" title="Clear Script">Oirat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagindra_script" title="Vagindra script">Vagindra</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ol_Onal" title="Ol Onal">Ol Onal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_script" title="Osage script">Osage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmanya_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Osmanya script">Osmanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pau_Cin_Hau_script" title="Pau Cin Hau script">Pau Cin Hau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrygian_alphabet" title="Phrygian alphabet">Phrygian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisidian_language" title="Pisidian language">Pisidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runes" title="Runes">Runic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_runes" title="Anglo-Saxon runes">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cipher_runes" title="Cipher runes">Cipher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalecarlian_runes" title="Dalecarlian runes">Dalecarlian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elder_Futhark" title="Elder Futhark">Elder Futhark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Younger_Futhark" title="Younger Futhark">Younger Futhark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_runic_inscriptions" title="Gothic runic inscriptions">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcomannic_runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcomannic runes">Marcomannic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_runes" title="Medieval runes">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staveless_runes" title="Staveless runes">Staveless</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavian_alphabet" title="Shavian alphabet">Shavian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidetic_language" title="Sidetic language">Sidetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorang_Sompeng_script" title="Sorang Sompeng script">Sorang Sompeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunuwar_alphabet" title="Sunuwar alphabet">Sunuwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todhri_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Todhri script">Todhri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurukh_language#Writing_systems" title="Kurukh language">Tolong Siki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellara_alphabet" title="Vellara alphabet">Vellara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visible_Speech" title="Visible Speech">Visible Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vithkuqi_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Vithkuqi script">Vithkuqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wancho_language#Orthography" title="Wancho language">Wancho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warang_Citi" title="Warang Citi">Warang Citi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_alphabets#Yezidi" title="Kurdish alphabets">Yezidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaghawa_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaghawa script">Zaghawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Non-linear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_maritime_signal_flags" title="International maritime signal flags">Maritime flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegraph_code" title="Telegraph code">Telegraph code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_semaphore" title="Flag semaphore">Flag semaphore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon type</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Ideograms0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ideogram" title="Ideogram">Ideograms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adinkra_symbols" title="Adinkra symbols">Adinkra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_script" title="Aztec script">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blissymbols" title="Blissymbols">Blissymbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongba_symbols" title="Dongba symbols">Dongba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ersu_Shaba_script" title="Ersu Shaba script">Ersu Shaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emoji" title="Emoji">Emoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isotype_(picture_language)" title="Isotype (picture language)">Isotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaid%C4%81_glyphs" title="Kaidā glyphs">Kaidā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%EA%9E%8Ckmaw_hieroglyphic_writing" class="mw-redirect" title="Miꞌkmaw hieroglyphic writing">Miꞌkmaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixtec_writing" title="Mixtec writing">Mixtec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Epoch_Notation_Painting" class="mw-redirect" title="New Epoch Notation Painting">New Epoch Notation Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nsibidi" title="Nsibidi">Nsibidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ojibwe_writing_systems#Anishinaabewibii'iganan" title="Ojibwe writing systems">Anishinaabewibii'iganan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olmec_hieroglyphs" title="Olmec hieroglyphs">Olmec</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Siglas poveiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testerian" title="Testerian">Testerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerkish" title="Yerkish">Yerkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapotec_script" title="Zapotec script">Zapotec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Logograms0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Logogram" title="Logogram">Logograms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_family_of_scripts" title="Chinese family of scripts">Chinese family of scripts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Chinese characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_bone_script" title="Oracle bone script">Oracle bone script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_bronze_inscriptions" title="Chinese bronze inscriptions">Bronze scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_script" title="Seal script">Seal script</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Large_seal_script" title="Large seal script">large</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_seal_script" title="Small seal script">small</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird-worm_seal_script" title="Bird-worm seal script">bird-worm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">Kanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_N%C3%B4m" title="Chữ Nôm">Chữ Nôm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawndip" title="Sawndip">Sawndip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowen_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bowen script">Bowen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Chinese-influenced</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jurchen_script" title="Jurchen script">Jurchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_large_script" title="Khitan large script">Khitan large script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sui_script" title="Sui script">Sui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangut_script" title="Tangut script">Tangut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Cuneiform</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akkadian_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Akkadian cuneiform">Akkadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian cuneiform">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elamite_cuneiform" title="Elamite cuneiform">Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_cuneiform" title="Hittite cuneiform">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform_Luwian" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuneiform Luwian">Luwian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Sumerian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other logosyllabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_hieroglyphs" title="Anatolian hieroglyphs">Anatolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagam_script" title="Bagam script">Bagam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_hieroglyphs" title="Cretan hieroglyphs">Cretan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isthmian_script" title="Isthmian script">Isthmian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_script" title="Maya script">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Elamite_script" title="Proto-Elamite script">Proto-Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenevil" title="Tenevil">Tenevil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_script#Classical_Yi" title="Yi script">Yi (Classical)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Logoconsonantal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demotic_(Egyptian)" title="Demotic (Egyptian)">Demotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieratic" title="Hieratic">Hieratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Hieroglyphs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Numerals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93Arabic_numeral_system" title="Hindu–Arabic numeral system">Hindu-Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Abjad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_numerals" title="Attic numerals">Attic (Greek)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_numerals" title="Muisca numerals">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sitelen_Pona" title="Sitelen Pona">Sitelen Pona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Semi-syllabaries0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Semi-syllabaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-syllabaries">Semi-syllabaries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Full</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Elamite" title="Linear Elamite">Linear Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtiberian_script" title="Celtiberian script">Celtiberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Iberian_script" title="Northeastern Iberian script">Northeastern Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Iberian_script" title="Southeastern Iberian script">Southeastern Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khom_script_(Ong_Kommadam)" title="Khom script (Ong Kommadam)">Khom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunging_script" title="Dunging script">Dunging</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Redundant</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Espanca_script" title="Espanca script">Espanca script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Pahawh Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_small_script" title="Khitan small script">Khitan small script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Paleohispanic_script" title="Southwest Paleohispanic script">Southwest Paleohispanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_writing_in_Vietnam#Quốc_Âm_Tân_Tự" title="History of writing in Vietnam">Quốc Âm Tân Tự</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Sign_languages0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sign_language" title="Sign language">Sign languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASLwrite" title="ASLwrite">ASLwrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SignWriting" title="SignWriting">SignWriting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Si5s" title="Si5s">si5s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stokoe_notation" title="Stokoe notation">Stokoe notation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Syllabaries0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Syllabary" title="Syllabary">Syllabaries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afaka_syllabary" title="Afaka syllabary">Afaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamum_script" title="Bamum script">Bamum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9t%C3%A9_syllabary" title="Bété syllabary">Bété</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byblos_syllabary" title="Byblos syllabary">Byblos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_syllabary" title="Cherokee syllabary">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_syllabary" title="Cypriot syllabary">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypro-Minoan_syllabary" title="Cypro-Minoan syllabary">Cypro-Minoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditema_tsa_Dinoko" title="Ditema tsa Dinoko">Ditema tsa Dinoko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eskayan_script" title="Eskayan script">Eskayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geba_syllabary" title="Geba syllabary">Geba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Algonquian_syllabics" title="Great Lakes Algonquian syllabics">Great Lakes Algonquian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iban_language#Alphabet" title="Iban language">Iban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idu_script" title="Idu script">Idu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">Kana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">Hiragana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">Katakana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dgana" title="Man'yōgana">Man'yōgana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hentaigana" title="Hentaigana">Hentaigana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dgana" title="Sōgana">Sōgana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jindai_moji" title="Jindai moji">Jindai moji</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mende_Kikakui_script" title="Mende Kikakui script">Kikakui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kpelle_syllabary" title="Kpelle syllabary">Kpelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Elamite" title="Linear Elamite">Linear Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisu_language#Lisu_syllabary" title="Lisu language">Lisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loma_language#writing_systems" title="Loma language">Loma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCshu" title="Nüshu">Nüshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nwagu_Aneke_script" title="Nwagu Aneke script">Nwagu Aneke script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Persian_cuneiform" title="Old Persian cuneiform">Old Persian cuneiform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Sumerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vai_syllabary" title="Vai syllabary">Vai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woleai_script" title="Woleai script">Woleai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_script#Modern_Yi" title="Yi script">Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugtun_script" title="Yugtun script">Yugtun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Braille" title="Template:Braille"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Braille" title="Template talk:Braille"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Braille" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Braille"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Braille_⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑206" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a><span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span>⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille cell</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1829_braille" title="1829 braille">1829 braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_uniformity_of_braille_alphabets" title="International uniformity of braille alphabets">International uniformity</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_ASCII" title="Braille ASCII">ASCII braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Patterns" title="Braille Patterns">Unicode braille patterns</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:French-ordered_braille_alphabets" title="Category:French-ordered braille alphabets">French-ordered</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Braille" title="Albanian Braille">Albanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azeri_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Azeri Braille">Azerbaijani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Braille" title="Catalan Braille">Catalan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Chinese (mainland Mandarin)</a> (largely reassigned)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Braille" title="Czech Braille">Czech</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Braille" title="Dutch Braille">Dutch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/English_Braille" title="English Braille">English</a> (<a href="/wiki/Unified_English_Braille" title="Unified English Braille">Unified English</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Esperanto_Braille" title="Esperanto Braille">Esperanto</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Braille" title="French Braille">French</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_Braille" title="German Braille">German</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_braille" title="Ghanaian braille">Ghanaian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guarani_Braille" title="Guarani Braille">Guarani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Braille" title="Hawaiian Braille">Hawaiian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Braille" title="Hungarian Braille">Hungarian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/I%C3%B1upiaq_Braille" title="Iñupiaq Braille">Iñupiaq</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">IPA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irish_Braille" title="Irish Braille">Irish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Braille" title="Italian Braille">Italian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Braille" title="Latvian Braille">Latvian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Braille" title="Lithuanian Braille">Lithuanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a> (extended to 8-dot)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maltese_Braille" title="Maltese Braille">Maltese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Braille" title="Māori Braille">Māori</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Navajo_Braille" title="Navajo Braille">Navajo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_braille" title="Nigerian braille">Nigerian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Braille" title="Philippine Braille">Philippine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_Braille" title="Polish Braille">Polish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Braille" title="Portuguese Braille">Portuguese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Braille" title="Romanian Braille">Romanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samoan_Braille" title="Samoan Braille">Samoan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Braille" title="Slovak Braille">Slovak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_braille" title="South African braille">South African</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Braille" title="Spanish Braille">Spanish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a> (largely reassigned)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Braille" title="Turkish Braille">Turkish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Braille" title="Vietnamese Braille">Vietnamese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Braille" title="Welsh Braille">Welsh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Braille" title="Yugoslav Braille">Yugoslav</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zambian_Braille" title="Zambian Braille">Zambian</a></span></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nordic family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Braille" title="Estonian Braille">Estonian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Faroese_Braille" title="Faroese Braille">Faroese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Braille" title="Icelandic Braille">Icelandic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Braille" title="Scandinavian Braille">Scandinavian</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Danish</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Finnish</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Greenlandic</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northern_S%C3%A1mi_Braille" title="Northern Sámi Braille">Northern Sámi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Norwegian</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Swedish</span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabets" title="Cyrillic alphabets">Cyrillic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Braille" title="Belarusian Braille">Belarusian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Braille" title="Bulgarian Braille">Bulgarian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Braille" title="Kazakh Braille">Kazakh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Braille" title="Kyrgyz Braille">Kyrgyz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Braille" title="Mongolian Braille">Mongolian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Braille" title="Russian Braille">Russian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tatar_Braille" title="Tatar Braille">Tatar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Braille" title="Ukrainian Braille">Ukrainian</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Egyptian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_Braille" title="Arabic Braille">Arabic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Persian_Braille" title="Persian Braille">Persian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (Pakistan)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Bharati_Braille" title="Bharati Braille">Bharati Braille</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Devanagari_Braille" title="Devanagari Braille">Devanagari (Hindi / Marathi / Nepali)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Braille" title="Bengali Braille">Bengali (Bangla / Assamese)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_Braille" title="Gujarati Braille">Gujarati</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kannada_Braille" title="Kannada Braille">Kannada</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_Braille" title="Malayalam Braille">Malayalam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Odia_Braille" title="Odia Braille">Odia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Braille" title="Punjabi Braille">Punjabi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_Braille" title="Sinhala Braille">Sinhala</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Braille" title="Tamil Braille">Tamil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Braille" title="Telugu Braille">Telugu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (India)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ge%27ez_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge'ez Braille">Amharic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Braille" title="Armenian Braille">Armenian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Braille" title="Burmese Braille">Burmese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dzongkha_Braille" title="Dzongkha Braille">Dzongkha</a> (Bhutanese)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Braille" title="Georgian Braille">Georgian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greek_Braille" title="Greek Braille">Greek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Braille" title="Hebrew Braille">Hebrew</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_Braille" title="Inuktitut Braille">Inuktitut</a> (reassigned vowels)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khmer_Braille" title="Khmer Braille">Khmer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thai_and_Lao_Braille" title="Thai and Lao Braille">Thai and Lao</a> (Japanese vowels)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Braille" title="Tibetan Braille">Tibetan</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reordered</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Braille" title="Algerian Braille">Algerian Braille</a> (obsolete)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Frequency-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Braille" title="American Braille">American Braille</a> (obsolete)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Chinese semi-syllabaries</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Mainland Chinese Mandarin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Two-cell_Chinese_Braille" title="Two-cell Chinese Braille">Two-cell Chinese (Shuangpin)</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Braille" title="Korean Braille">Korean</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eight-dot</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_kanji" title="Braille kanji">Kanji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (GS8)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols in braille</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_music" title="Braille music">Braille music</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_currency_tactile_feature" title="Canadian currency tactile feature">Canadian currency marks</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Computer_Braille_Code" title="Computer Braille Code">Computer Braille Code</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (science; GS8/GS6)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nemeth_Braille" title="Nemeth Braille">Nemeth braille code</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Braille_technology" title="Braille technology">Braille technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_e-book" title="Braille e-book">Braille e-book</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_embosser" title="Braille embosser">Braille embosser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_translator" title="Braille translator">Braille translator</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_watch" title="Braille watch">Braille watch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mountbatten_Brailler" title="Mountbatten Brailler">Mountbatten Brailler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Optical_braille_recognition" title="Optical braille recognition">Optical braille recognition</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perforation" title="Perforation">Perforation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perkins_Brailler" title="Perkins Brailler">Perkins Brailler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Refreshable_braille_display" title="Refreshable braille display">Refreshable braille display</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slate_and_stylus" title="Slate and stylus">Slate and stylus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braigo" title="Braigo">Braigo</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Braille" title="Louis Braille">Louis Braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Barbier" title="Charles Barbier">Charles Barbier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3%C5%BCa_Czacka" title="Róża Czacka">Róża Czacka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Valentin_Ha%C3%BCy" title="Valentin Haüy">Valentin Haüy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harris_Mowbray" title="Harris Mowbray">Harris Mowbray</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thakur_Vishva_Narain_Singh" title="Thakur Vishva Narain Singh">Thakur Vishva Narain Singh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sabriye_Tenberken" title="Sabriye Tenberken">Sabriye Tenberken</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Bell_Wait" title="William Bell Wait">William Bell Wait</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Institute_of_America" title="Braille Institute of America">Braille Institute of America</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Without_Borders" title="Braille Without Borders">Braille Without Borders</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japan_Braille_Library" title="Japan Braille Library">Japan Braille Library</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Braille_Association" title="National Braille Association">National Braille Association</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Blindness_organizations" title="Category:Blindness organizations">Blindness organizations</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Schools_for_the_blind" title="Category:Schools for the blind">Schools for the blind</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Printing_House_for_the_Blind" title="American Printing House for the Blind">American Printing House for the Blind</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/Tactile_alphabet" title="Tactile alphabet">tactile alphabets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Decapoint" title="Decapoint">Decapoint</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon type</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Night_writing" title="Night writing">Night writing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vibratese" title="Vibratese">Vibratese</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Accessible_publishing" title="Accessible publishing">Accessible publishing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_literacy" title="Braille literacy">Braille literacy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/RoboBraille" title="RoboBraille">RoboBraille</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siglas_poveiras&oldid=1269915919">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siglas_poveiras&oldid=1269915919</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_in_P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim" title="Category:Culture 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