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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary_semaphore_flag_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_semaphore_flag_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Contemporary semaphore flag system</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Contemporary_semaphore_flag_system-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Contemporary semaphore flag system subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_semaphore_flag_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Characters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Characters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Characters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Characters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Origin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japanese_semaphore" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japanese_semaphore"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Japanese semaphore</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japanese_semaphore-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Practical_use_in_communication" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Practical_use_in_communication"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Practical use in communication</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Practical_use_in_communication-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_in_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_in_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Use in popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_in_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Flag semaphore</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 37 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A5%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="إعلام إشاري – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إعلام إشاري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semafor" title="Semafor – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Semafor" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizherenneg_semafor" title="Lizherenneg semafor – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Lizherenneg semafor" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sem%C3%A0for_(alfabet)" title="Semàfor (alfabet) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Semàfor (alfabet)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semafor_(abeceda)" title="Semafor (abeceda) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Semafor (abeceda)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semafor" title="Semafor – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Semafor" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winkeralphabet" title="Winkeralphabet – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Winkeralphabet" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sem%C3%A1foro_(alfabeto)" title="Semáforo (alfabeto) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Semáforo (alfabeto)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semaforo_(alfabeto)" title="Semaforo (alfabeto) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Semaforo (alfabeto)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%85" title="سمافور پرچم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سمافور پرچم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabet_s%C3%A9maphore" title="Alphabet sémaphore – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alphabet sémaphore" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9amaf%C3%B3r" title="Séamafór – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Séamafór" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_sem%C3%A1foro" title="Alfabeto semáforo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alfabeto semáforo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%88%98%EA%B8%B0%EC%8B%A0%ED%98%B8" title="수기신호 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="수기신호" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semafor_bendera" title="Semafor bendera – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Semafor bendera" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkjasending" title="Merkjasending – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Merkjasending" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_semaforico" title="Alfabeto semaforico – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alfabeto semaforico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semaforin%C4%97s_v%C4%97liav%C4%97l%C4%97s" title="Semaforinės vėliavėlės – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Semaforinės vėliavėlės" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semafooralfabet" title="Semafooralfabet – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Semafooralfabet" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E6%97%97%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7" title="手旗信号 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="手旗信号" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semafor" title="Semafor – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Semafor" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semafor" title="Semafor – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Semafor" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_semaforowy" title="Alfabet semaforowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Alfabet semaforowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabetul_semaforic" title="Alfabetul semaforic – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alfabetul semaforic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Семафорная азбука – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Семафорная азбука" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_semaphore" title="Flag semaphore – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Flag semaphore" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calanka_semafoor" title="Calanka semafoor – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Calanka semafoor" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Семафорска сигнализација – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Семафорска сигнализација" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lippuviittoilu" title="Lippuviittoilu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lippuviittoilu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semaforalfabetet" title="Semaforalfabetet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Semaforalfabetet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semaporong_watawat" title="Semaporong watawat – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Semaporong watawat" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD" title="ธงสองมือ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ธงสองมือ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semafor" title="Semafor – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Semafor" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Прапорцева сигналізація – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Прапорцева сигналізація" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%85_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1" title="پرچم سیمافور – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پرچم سیمافور" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semaphore" title="Semaphore – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Semaphore" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%97%E8%AA%9E" title="旗語 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="旗語" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q250796#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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searchaux" style="display:none">System to transmit information by hand</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the system to transmit information by hand-held devices. For the mechanical system using signalling towers, see <a href="/wiki/Optical_telegraph" title="Optical telegraph">Optical telegraph</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Navy_051129-N-0685C-007_Quartermaster_Seaman_Ryan_Ruona_signals_with_semaphore_flags_during_a_replenishment_at_sea.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/US_Navy_051129-N-0685C-007_Quartermaster_Seaman_Ryan_Ruona_signals_with_semaphore_flags_during_a_replenishment_at_sea.jpg/290px-US_Navy_051129-N-0685C-007_Quartermaster_Seaman_Ryan_Ruona_signals_with_semaphore_flags_during_a_replenishment_at_sea.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/US_Navy_051129-N-0685C-007_Quartermaster_Seaman_Ryan_Ruona_signals_with_semaphore_flags_during_a_replenishment_at_sea.jpg/435px-US_Navy_051129-N-0685C-007_Quartermaster_Seaman_Ryan_Ruona_signals_with_semaphore_flags_during_a_replenishment_at_sea.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/US_Navy_051129-N-0685C-007_Quartermaster_Seaman_Ryan_Ruona_signals_with_semaphore_flags_during_a_replenishment_at_sea.jpg/580px-US_Navy_051129-N-0685C-007_Quartermaster_Seaman_Ryan_Ruona_signals_with_semaphore_flags_during_a_replenishment_at_sea.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1368" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/US_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="US Navy">US Navy</a> crewman signals the letter 'U' using flag semaphore during an <a href="/wiki/Underway_replenishment" title="Underway replenishment">underway replenishment</a> exercise (2005)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Flag semaphore</b> (from the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">σῆμα</span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">sêma</i></span>) 'sign' and -<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">φέρω</span></span> (-<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">phero</i></span>) '-bearer'<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is a <a href="/wiki/Semaphore" title="Semaphore">semaphore</a> system conveying information at a distance by means of visual signals with hand-held flags, rods, disks, paddles, or occasionally bare or gloved hands. Information is encoded by the position of the flags; it is read when the flag is in a fixed position. Semaphores were adopted and widely used (with hand-held flags replacing the mechanical arms of <a href="/wiki/Semaphore_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Semaphore line">shutter semaphores</a>) in the maritime world in the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-HistUk_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HistUk-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is still used during <a href="/wiki/Underway_replenishment" title="Underway replenishment">underway replenishment</a> at sea and is acceptable for emergency communication in daylight or using lighted wands instead of flags, at night.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contemporary_semaphore_flag_system">Contemporary semaphore flag system</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_semaphore&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Contemporary semaphore flag system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For history, see <a href="/wiki/Semaphore_line#History" class="mw-redirect" title="Semaphore line">Semaphore line § History</a>.</div> <p>The current flag semaphore system uses two short poles with square flags, which a signal person holds in different positions to signal letters of the alphabet and numbers. The signaller holds one pole in each hand, and extends each arm in one of eight possible directions. Except for in the rest position, the flags do not overlap. The flags are colored differently based on whether the signals are sent by sea or by land. At sea, the flags are colored red and yellow (the <a href="/wiki/International_maritime_signal_flags#Letter_flags_(with_ICS_meaning)" title="International maritime signal flags">Oscar flag</a>), while on land, they are white and blue (the <a href="/wiki/International_maritime_signal_flags#Letter_flags_(with_ICS_meaning)" title="International maritime signal flags">Papa flag</a>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Flags are not required; their purpose is to make the characters more obvious.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Characters">Characters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_semaphore&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Characters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>The following 30 semaphore characters are presented as they would appear when facing the signalperson:</b> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 85px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px; height: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Semaphore_Alpha.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="A or 1"><img alt="A or 1" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Semaphore_Alpha.svg/50px-Semaphore_Alpha.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Semaphore_Alpha.svg/75px-Semaphore_Alpha.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Semaphore_Alpha.svg/100px-Semaphore_Alpha.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A or 1</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 85px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px; height: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Semaphore_Bravo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="B or 2"><img alt="B or 2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Semaphore_Bravo.svg/50px-Semaphore_Bravo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Semaphore_Bravo.svg/75px-Semaphore_Bravo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Semaphore_Bravo.svg/100px-Semaphore_Bravo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">B or 2</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 85px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px; height: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Semaphore_Charlie.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="C or 3 Acknowledge / Correct"><img alt="C or 3 Acknowledge / Correct" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Semaphore_Charlie.svg/50px-Semaphore_Charlie.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Semaphore_Charlie.svg/75px-Semaphore_Charlie.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Semaphore_Charlie.svg/100px-Semaphore_Charlie.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">C or 3<br />Acknowledge / Correct</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 85px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px; height: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Semaphore_Delta.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="D or 4"><img alt="D or 4" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Semaphore_Delta.svg/50px-Semaphore_Delta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Semaphore_Delta.svg/75px-Semaphore_Delta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Semaphore_Delta.svg/100px-Semaphore_Delta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">D or 4</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 85px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px; height: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Semaphore_Echo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="E or 5 Error (if signaled 8 times)"><img alt="E or 5 Error (if signaled 8 times)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Semaphore_Echo.svg/50px-Semaphore_Echo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Semaphore_Echo.svg/75px-Semaphore_Echo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Semaphore_Echo.svg/100px-Semaphore_Echo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">E or 5<br />Error (if signaled 8 times)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 85px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px; height: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Semaphore_Foxtrot.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="F or 6"><img alt="F or 6" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Semaphore_Foxtrot.svg/50px-Semaphore_Foxtrot.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Semaphore_Foxtrot.svg/75px-Semaphore_Foxtrot.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Semaphore_Foxtrot.svg/100px-Semaphore_Foxtrot.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">F or 6</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 85px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px; height: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Semaphore_Golf.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="G or 7"><img alt="G or 7" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Semaphore_Golf.svg/50px-Semaphore_Golf.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Semaphore_Golf.svg/75px-Semaphore_Golf.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Semaphore_Golf.svg/100px-Semaphore_Golf.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">G or 7</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 85px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px; height: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Semaphore_Hotel.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="H or 8"><img alt="H or 8" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Semaphore_Hotel.svg/50px-Semaphore_Hotel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Semaphore_Hotel.svg/75px-Semaphore_Hotel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Semaphore_Hotel.svg/100px-Semaphore_Hotel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">H or 8</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 85px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px; height: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Semaphore_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="I or 9"><img alt="I or 9" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Semaphore_India.svg/50px-Semaphore_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Semaphore_India.svg/75px-Semaphore_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Semaphore_India.svg/100px-Semaphore_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">I or 9</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 85px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px; height: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Semaphore_Juliet.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="J Letters to follow"><img alt="J Letters to follow" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Semaphore_Juliet.svg/50px-Semaphore_Juliet.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Semaphore_Juliet.svg/75px-Semaphore_Juliet.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Semaphore_Juliet.svg/100px-Semaphore_Juliet.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">J<br />Letters to follow</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 85px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px; height: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Semaphore_Kilo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="K or 0"><img alt="K or 0" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Semaphore_Kilo.svg/50px-Semaphore_Kilo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Semaphore_Kilo.svg/75px-Semaphore_Kilo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Semaphore_Kilo.svg/100px-Semaphore_Kilo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">K or 0</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 85px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px; height: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Semaphore_Lima.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="L"><img alt="L" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Semaphore_Lima.svg/50px-Semaphore_Lima.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Semaphore_Lima.svg/75px-Semaphore_Lima.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Semaphore_Lima.svg/100px-Semaphore_Lima.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">L</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 85px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px; height: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Semaphore_Mike.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="M"><img alt="M" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Semaphore_Mike.svg/50px-Semaphore_Mike.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Semaphore_Mike.svg/75px-Semaphore_Mike.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Semaphore_Mike.svg/100px-Semaphore_Mike.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">M</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 85px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px; height: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Semaphore_November.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="N"><img alt="N" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Semaphore_November.svg/50px-Semaphore_November.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Semaphore_November.svg/75px-Semaphore_November.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Semaphore_November.svg/100px-Semaphore_November.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">N</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 85px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px; height: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Semaphore_Oscar.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="O"><img alt="O" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Semaphore_Oscar.svg/50px-Semaphore_Oscar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Semaphore_Oscar.svg/75px-Semaphore_Oscar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Semaphore_Oscar.svg/100px-Semaphore_Oscar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">O</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 85px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px; height: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Semaphore_Papa.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="P"><img alt="P" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Semaphore_Papa.svg/50px-Semaphore_Papa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Semaphore_Papa.svg/75px-Semaphore_Papa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Semaphore_Papa.svg/100px-Semaphore_Papa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">P</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 85px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px; height: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Semaphore_Quebec.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Q"><img alt="Q" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Semaphore_Quebec.svg/50px-Semaphore_Quebec.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Semaphore_Quebec.svg/75px-Semaphore_Quebec.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Semaphore_Quebec.svg/100px-Semaphore_Quebec.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Q</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 85px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px; height: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Semaphore_Romeo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="R"><img alt="R" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Semaphore_Romeo.svg/50px-Semaphore_Romeo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Semaphore_Romeo.svg/75px-Semaphore_Romeo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Semaphore_Romeo.svg/100px-Semaphore_Romeo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">R</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 85px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px; height: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Semaphore_Sierra.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="S"><img alt="S" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Semaphore_Sierra.svg/50px-Semaphore_Sierra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Semaphore_Sierra.svg/75px-Semaphore_Sierra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Semaphore_Sierra.svg/100px-Semaphore_Sierra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">S</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 85px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px; height: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Semaphore_Tango.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="T"><img alt="T" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Semaphore_Tango.svg/50px-Semaphore_Tango.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Semaphore_Tango.svg/75px-Semaphore_Tango.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Semaphore_Tango.svg/100px-Semaphore_Tango.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">T</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 85px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px; height: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Semaphore_Uniform.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="U"><img alt="U" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Semaphore_Uniform.svg/50px-Semaphore_Uniform.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Semaphore_Uniform.svg/75px-Semaphore_Uniform.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Semaphore_Uniform.svg/100px-Semaphore_Uniform.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">U</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 85px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px; height: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Semaphore_Victor.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="V"><img alt="V" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Semaphore_Victor.svg/50px-Semaphore_Victor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Semaphore_Victor.svg/75px-Semaphore_Victor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Semaphore_Victor.svg/100px-Semaphore_Victor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">V</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 85px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px; height: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Semaphore_Whiskey.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="W"><img alt="W" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Semaphore_Whiskey.svg/50px-Semaphore_Whiskey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Semaphore_Whiskey.svg/75px-Semaphore_Whiskey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Semaphore_Whiskey.svg/100px-Semaphore_Whiskey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">W</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 85px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px; height: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Semaphore_X-ray.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="X"><img alt="X" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Semaphore_X-ray.svg/50px-Semaphore_X-ray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Semaphore_X-ray.svg/75px-Semaphore_X-ray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Semaphore_X-ray.svg/100px-Semaphore_X-ray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">X</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 85px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px; height: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Semaphore_Yankee.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Y"><img alt="Y" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Semaphore_Yankee.svg/50px-Semaphore_Yankee.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Semaphore_Yankee.svg/75px-Semaphore_Yankee.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Semaphore_Yankee.svg/100px-Semaphore_Yankee.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Y</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 85px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px; height: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Semaphore_Zulu.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Z"><img alt="Z" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Semaphore_Zulu.svg/50px-Semaphore_Zulu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Semaphore_Zulu.svg/75px-Semaphore_Zulu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Semaphore_Zulu.svg/100px-Semaphore_Zulu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Z</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 85px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px; height: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Semaphore_Ready.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rest / Space"><img alt="Rest / Space" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Semaphore_Ready.svg/50px-Semaphore_Ready.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Semaphore_Ready.svg/75px-Semaphore_Ready.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Semaphore_Ready.svg/100px-Semaphore_Ready.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rest / <a href="/wiki/Space_(punctuation)" title="Space (punctuation)">Space</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 85px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px; height: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Semaphore_Numeric.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Numerals (#)"><img alt="Numerals (#)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Semaphore_Numeric.svg/50px-Semaphore_Numeric.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Semaphore_Numeric.svg/75px-Semaphore_Numeric.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Semaphore_Numeric.svg/100px-Semaphore_Numeric.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Numerals (<a href="/wiki/Number_sign" title="Number sign">#</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 85px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px; height: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Semaphore_Error.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Error / Attention"><img alt="Error / Attention" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Semaphore_Error.svg/50px-Semaphore_Error.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Semaphore_Error.svg/75px-Semaphore_Error.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Semaphore_Error.svg/100px-Semaphore_Error.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Error / Attention</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 85px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px; height: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Semaphore_Cancel.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cancel / Annul Disregard previous signal"><img alt="Cancel / Annul Disregard previous signal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Semaphore_Cancel.svg/50px-Semaphore_Cancel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Semaphore_Cancel.svg/75px-Semaphore_Cancel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Semaphore_Cancel.svg/100px-Semaphore_Cancel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cancel_character" title="Cancel character">Cancel</a> / Annul<br />Disregard previous signal</div> </li> </ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag-semaphores.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Flag semaphores used to express the text " FLAG SEMAPHORES" in an animation" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag-semaphores.gif/220px-Flag-semaphores.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Flag-semaphores.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a><figcaption>Signaller conveys the message " FLAG SEMAPHORES" with semaphore flags</figcaption></figure> <p>Numbers can be signaled by first signaling "Numerals". Letters can be signaled by first signaling "J".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The sender uses the "Attention" signal to request permission to begin a transmission. The receiver uses a "Ready to receive" signal not shown above to grant permission to begin the transmission. The receiver raises both flags vertical overhead and then drops them to the rest position, once only, to grant permission to send. The sender ends the transmission with the "Ready to receive" signal. The receiver can reply with the "Attention" signal. At this point, sender and receiver change places. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin">Origin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_semaphore&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Flag semaphore originated in 1866 as a handheld version of the <a href="/wiki/Optical_telegraph" title="Optical telegraph">optical telegraph</a> system of <a href="/wiki/Home_Riggs_Popham" title="Home Riggs Popham">Home Riggs Popham</a> used on land, and its later improvement by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pasley" title="Charles Pasley">Charles Pasley</a>. The land system consisted of lines of fixed stations (substantial buildings) with two large, moveable arms pivoted on an upright member. Such a system was inconvenient to install on board a ship. Flag semaphore provided an easy method of communicating ship-to-ship or ship-to-shore when the distances were not too great. According to Alexander J. Field of Santa Clara University, "there is evidence" that Popham based his telegraph on the French coastal stations used for ship-to-shore communication.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the <a href="/wiki/Codepoint" class="mw-redirect" title="Codepoint">codepoints</a> of flag semaphore match those of the <a href="/wiki/Foy-Breguet_telegraph" class="mw-redirect" title="Foy-Breguet telegraph">Foy-Breguet electrical telegraph</a>, also descended from the French optical telegraph. Although based on the optical telegraph, by the time flag semaphore was introduced the optical telegraph had been entirely replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Electrical_telegraph" title="Electrical telegraph">electrical telegraph</a> some years previously.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Japanese_semaphore">Japanese semaphore</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_semaphore&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Japanese semaphore"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%89%8B%E6%97%97%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7_%E3%82%AA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/%E6%89%8B%E6%97%97%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7_%E3%82%AA.svg/220px-%E6%89%8B%E6%97%97%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7_%E3%82%AA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/%E6%89%8B%E6%97%97%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7_%E3%82%AA.svg/330px-%E6%89%8B%E6%97%97%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7_%E3%82%AA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/%E6%89%8B%E6%97%97%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7_%E3%82%AA.svg/440px-%E6%89%8B%E6%97%97%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7_%E3%82%AA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="210" /></a><figcaption>The combination used for オ ("O")</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Japanesesemaphore-2017may.webm/220px--Japanesesemaphore-2017may.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="187" data-mwtitle="Japanesesemaphore-2017may.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Japanesesemaphore-2017may.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ee/Japanesesemaphore-2017may.webm/Japanesesemaphore-2017may.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ee/Japanesesemaphore-2017may.webm/Japanesesemaphore-2017may.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Japanesesemaphore-2017may.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ee/Japanesesemaphore-2017may.webm/Japanesesemaphore-2017may.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ee/Japanesesemaphore-2017may.webm/Japanesesemaphore-2017may.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ee/Japanesesemaphore-2017may.webm/Japanesesemaphore-2017may.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ee/Japanesesemaphore-2017may.webm/Japanesesemaphore-2017may.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>A Japanese man demonstrating flag semaphore, 2017</figcaption></figure> <p>The Japanese merchant marine and armed services have adapted the flag semaphore system to the Japanese language.<sup id="cite_ref-tebata_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tebata-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because their writing system involves a <a href="/wiki/Syllabary" title="Syllabary">syllabary</a> of about twice the number of characters in the <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a>, most characters take two displays of the flags to complete; others need three and a few only one. The flags are specified as a solid white rectangle for the left hand and a solid red one for the right. The display motions chosen are not like the "rotary dial" system used for the Latin alphabet letters and numbers; rather, the displays represent the angles of the brush strokes used in writing in the <a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">katakana</a> syllabary and in the order drawn. For example, the character for "O" [オ], which is drawn first with a horizontal line from left to right, then a vertical one from top to bottom, and finally a slant between the two; follows that form and order of the arm extensions. It is the right arm, holding the red flag, which moves as a pen would, but in mirror image so that the observer sees the pattern normally. As in telegraphy, the katakana syllabary is the one used to write down the messages as they are received. Also, the Japanese system presents the number 0 by moving flags in a circle, and those from 1 through 9 using a sort of the "rotary dial" system, but different from that used for European languages. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Japanese flag signals with the associated kana </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th title="single vowels">– </th> <th><i>k</i> </th> <th><i>s</i> </th> <th><i>t</i> </th> <th><i>n</i> </th> <th><i>h</i> </th> <th><i>m</i> </th> <th><i>y</i> </th> <th><i>r</i> </th> <th><i>w</i> </th></tr> <tr style="font-size:1em" align="center"> <th style="font-size:1em"><i>a</i> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><b>あア</b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_8.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_8.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_8.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_8.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_8.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_8.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_8.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><b>かカ</b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_12.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_12.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_12.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_12.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_12.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_12.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_12.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><b>さサ</b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_11.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_11.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_11.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_11.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_11.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_11.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_11.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><b>たタ</b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><b>なナ</b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_10.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_10.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_10.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_10.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_10.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_10.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_10.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><b>はハ</b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><b>まマ</b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_8.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_8.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_8.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_8.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_8.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_8.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_8.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_4.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_4.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_4.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><b>やヤ</b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><b>らラ</b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><b>わワ</b> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:1em" align="center"> <th style="font-size:1em"><i>i</i> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><b>いイ</b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><b>きキ</b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><b>しシ</b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Reversed_Basic_Stroke_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Japanese_Semaphore_Reversed_Basic_Stroke_2.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Reversed_Basic_Stroke_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Japanese_Semaphore_Reversed_Basic_Stroke_2.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Reversed_Basic_Stroke_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Japanese_Semaphore_Reversed_Basic_Stroke_2.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Reversed_Basic_Stroke_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><b>ちチ</b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><b>にニ</b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><b>ひヒ</b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><b>みミ</b> </td> <td>* </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_12.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_12.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_12.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_12.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_12.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_12.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_12.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><b>りリ</b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_12.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_12.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_12.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_12.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_12.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_12.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_12.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><b>ゐヰ</b> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:1em" align="center"> <th style="font-size:1em"><i>u</i> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><b>うウ</b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_11.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_11.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_11.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_11.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_11.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_11.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_11.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><b>くク</b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><b>すス</b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_12.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_12.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_12.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_12.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_12.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_12.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_12.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><b>つツ</b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_4.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_4.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_4.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><b>ぬヌ</b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><b>ふフ</b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><b>むム</b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><b>ゆユ</b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><b>るル</b> </td> <td>* </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:1em" align="center"> <th style="font-size:1em"><i>e</i> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Reversed_Basic_Stroke_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Japanese_Semaphore_Reversed_Basic_Stroke_2.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Reversed_Basic_Stroke_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Japanese_Semaphore_Reversed_Basic_Stroke_2.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Reversed_Basic_Stroke_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Japanese_Semaphore_Reversed_Basic_Stroke_2.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Reversed_Basic_Stroke_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><b>えエ</b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><b>けケ</b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><b>せセ</b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><b>てテ</b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><b>ねネ</b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_4.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_4.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_4.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><b>へヘ</b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><b>めメ</b> </td> <td>* </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><b>れレ</b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><b>ゑヱ</b> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:1em" align="center"> <th style="font-size:1em"><i>o</i> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><b>おオ</b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_8.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_8.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_8.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_8.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_8.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_8.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_8.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><b>こコ</b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><b>そソ</b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><b>とト</b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><b>のノ</b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_10.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_10.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_10.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_10.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_10.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_10.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_10.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><b>ほホ</b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><b>もモ</b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_8.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_8.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_8.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_8.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_8.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_8.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_8.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><b>よヨ</b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_7.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_8.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_8.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_8.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_8.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_8.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_8.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_8.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><b>ろロ</b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><b>をヲ</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break" style="padding-left: 2em;"> <table class="wikitable" style="margin-top:2.75em"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="font-size:1em"><i> 'n</i> </th> <th style="font-size:1em"><i> <a href="/wiki/Dakuten" class="mw-redirect" title="Dakuten">Voiced</a></i> </th> <th style="font-size:1em"><i> <a href="/wiki/Handakuten" class="mw-redirect" title="Handakuten">Semi-voiced</a></i> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><b>んン</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_13.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_13.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_13.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_13.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_13.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_13.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_13.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><b>◌゙</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_14.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_14.svg/35px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_14.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_14.svg/53px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_14.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_14.svg/70px-Japanese_Semaphore_Basic_Stroke_14.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><b>◌゚</b> </td></tr></tbody></table><sup id="cite_ref-tebata_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tebata-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Practical_use_in_communication">Practical use in communication</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_semaphore&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Practical use in communication"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Semaphore flags are also sometimes used as means of communication in the mountains where oral or electronic communication is difficult to perform. Although they do not carry flags, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mounted_Police" title="Royal Canadian Mounted Police">Royal Canadian Mounted Police</a> officers have used hand semaphore in this manner.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Some surf-side rescue companies, such as the <a href="/wiki/Ocean_City,_Maryland" title="Ocean City, Maryland">Ocean City, Maryland</a> Beach Patrol, use semaphore flags to communicate between lifeguards.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The letters of the flag semaphore are also a common artistic <a href="/wiki/Motif_(visual_arts)" title="Motif (visual arts)">motif</a>. One enduring example is the <a href="/wiki/Peace_symbol" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace symbol">peace symbol</a>, adopted by the <a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_Nuclear_Disarmament" title="Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament">Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament</a> in 1958 from the original logo created by a commercial artist named <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Holtom" title="Gerald Holtom">Gerald Holtom</a> from Twickenham, London, using the semaphore for N and D.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Holtom designed the logo for use on a protest march on the Atomic Weapons Establishment at Aldermaston, near Newbury, England. On 4 April 1958, the march left Trafalgar Square for rural Berkshire, carrying Ban the Bomb placards made by Holtom's children making it the first use of the symbol. Originally, it was purple and white and signified a combination of the semaphoric letters N and D, standing for "nuclear disarmament", circumscribed by a <a href="/wiki/Circle" title="Circle">circle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Along with <a href="/wiki/Morse_code" title="Morse code">Morse code</a>, flag semaphore is currently used by the US Navy and also continues to be a subject of study and training for young people of Scouts. In a satirical nod to the flag semaphore's enduring use into the age of the Internet, on April Fools' Day 2007 the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">Internet Engineering Task Force</a> standards organization outlined the <a href="/wiki/Semaphore_Flag_Signaling_System" title="Semaphore Flag Signaling System">Semaphore Flag Signaling System</a>, a method of transmitting Internet traffic via a chain of flag semaphore operators.<sup id="cite_ref-rfc4824_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc4824-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_in_popular_culture">Use in popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_semaphore&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Use in popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Peace_symbols#Peace_symbol" title="Peace symbols">Peace symbols § Peace symbol</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Album_cover" title="Album cover">album cover</a> for <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a>' 1965 album <i><a href="/wiki/Help!" title="Help!">Help!</a></i> was originally to have portrayed the four band members spelling "help" in semaphore, but the result was deemed aesthetically unpleasing, and their arms were instead positioned in a meaningless but aesthetically pleasing arrangement.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1960s poet <a href="/wiki/Hannah_Weiner" title="Hannah Weiner">Hannah Weiner</a> composed poems using flag semaphore and the <a href="/wiki/International_Code_of_Signals" title="International Code of Signals">International Code of Signals</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including a version of <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Romeo_and_Juliet" title="Romeo and Juliet">Romeo and Juliet</a> titled "R+J."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1968, these works were performed by off-duty U.S. Coast Guard signalers in <a href="/wiki/Central_Park" title="Central Park">Central Park</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/List_of_Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus_episodes#Series_2_(1970)" title="List of Monty Python's Flying Circus episodes">The second episode in the second series</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus" title="Monty Python's Flying Circus">Monty Python's Flying Circus</a></i> depicted the <a href="/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë">Emily Brontë</a> novel <i><a href="/wiki/Wuthering_Heights" title="Wuthering Heights">Wuthering Heights</a></i> enacted in semaphore. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Swallows_and_Amazons_series" title="Swallows and Amazons series">Swallows and Amazons series</a> by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ransome" title="Arthur Ransome">Arthur Ransome</a> has the characters using flag semaphore to exchange messages, both live and as concealed messages in drawings (many of which are included in the books as illustrations) with the complete semaphore alphabet included as an illustration in both <a href="/wiki/Winter_Holiday" class="mw-redirect" title="Winter Holiday">Winter Holiday</a> and <a href="/wiki/Secret_Water" title="Secret Water">Secret Water</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_semaphore&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_signals" title="Flag signals">Flag signals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliograph" title="Heliograph">Heliograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Code_of_Signals" title="International Code of Signals">International Code of Signals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_maritime_signal_flags" title="International maritime signal flags">International maritime signal flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_signalling" title="Railway signalling">Railway signalling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_marshalling" title="Aircraft marshalling">Aircraft marshalling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_landing_system" title="Optical landing system">Optical landing system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semaphore_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Semaphore line">Semaphore line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signal_lamp" title="Signal lamp">Signal lamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Substitute_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Substitute flag">Substitute flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_guard" title="Traffic guard">Traffic guard</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_semaphore&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFReference-OED-semaphore,_n." class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/search/dictionary/?q=semaphore%2C+n.">"semaphore, n."</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> (Online ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=semaphore%2C+n.&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fsearch%2Fdictionary%2F%3Fq%3Dsemaphore%252C%2Bn.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+semaphore" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/public/login/loggingin#withyourlibrary">participating institution membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HistUk-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HistUk_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210511225618/https://commsmuseum.co.uk/exhibits/imagestactical/history%20of%20semaphore.pdf">"History of Semaphore"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Royal Navy Communications Branch Museum/Library</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsmuseum.co.uk/exhibits/imagestactical/history%20of%20semaphore.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 11 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Royal+Navy+Communications+Branch+Museum%2FLibrary&rft.atitle=History+of+Semaphore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsmuseum.co.uk%2Fexhibits%2Fimagestactical%2Fhistory%2520of%2520semaphore.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+semaphore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alexander J. Field, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3106304">"French optical telegraphy, 1795–1855: Hardware, software, administration"</a>, <i>Technology and Culture</i>, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 315–347, April 1994.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nmrn-portsmouth.org.uk/sites/default/files/Signals%20at%20sea.pdf"><i>Signals at Sea</i></a>, Information sheet no 104, Library and Information Services, The National Museum: Royal Navy: Portsmouth, accessed and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191026224801/http://www.nmrn-portsmouth.org.uk/sites/default/files/Signals%20at%20sea.pdf">archived</a> 26 October 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tebata-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tebata_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tebata_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722122038/http://www.scoutnet.or.jp/~innami/tebata.html">"The Flag Signalling System in Japan"</a>. 22 July 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scoutnet.or.jp/~innami/tebata.html">the original</a> on 22 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Flag+Signalling+System+in+Japan&rft.date=2011-07-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scoutnet.or.jp%2F~innami%2Ftebata.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+semaphore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oceancitymd.gov/pdf/ocbpsemaphore.pdf">"Ocean City Beach Patrol Semaphore Alphabet"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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BBC News. <q>He [Gerald Holtom] considered using a Christian cross motif but, instead, settled on using letters from the semaphore – or flag-signalling – alphabet, super-imposing N (uclear) on D (isarmament) and placing them within a circle symbolising Earth.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=World%27s+best-known+protest+symbol+turns+50&rft.date=2008-03-20&rft.au=Kathryn+Westcott&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fmagazine%2F7292252.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+semaphore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rfc4824-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rfc4824_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ._HofmuellerA._BachmannIO._zmoelnig2007" class="citation cs1">J. Hofmueller; A. Bachmann; IO. zmoelnig, eds. 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Network Working Group. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC4824">10.17487/RFC4824</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4824">4824</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transmission+of+IP+Datagrams+over+the+Semaphore+Flag+Signaling+System+%28SFSS%29&rft.pub=Network+Working+Group&rft.date=2007-04-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC4824&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc4824&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+semaphore" class="Z3988"></span> <i>Informational.</i> This is an <a href="/wiki/April_Fools%27_Day_Request_for_Comments" title="April Fools' Day Request for Comments">April Fools' Day Request for Comments</a>. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreeman2003" class="citation book cs1">Freeman, Robert (2003). <i>The Beatles: A Private View</i>. NY: Barnes & Noble. p. 62. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59226-176-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59226-176-5"><bdi>978-1-59226-176-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Beatles%3A+A+Private+View&rft.place=NY&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=Barnes+%26+Noble&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-59226-176-5&rft.aulast=Freeman&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+semaphore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeiner1969" class="citation journal cs1">Weiner, Hannah (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/20598863">"Code Poem: From the International Code of Signals for the Use of All Nations"</a>. <i>Poetry</i>. <b>113</b> (6): 393–95. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20598863">20598863</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poetry&rft.atitle=Code+Poem%3A+From+the+International+Code+of+Signals+for+the+Use+of+All+Nations&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=393-95&rft.date=1969&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20598863%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Weiner&rft.aufirst=Hannah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20598863&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+semaphore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeiner1982" class="citation book cs1">Weiner, Hannah (1982). <i>Code Poems</i>. Open Book Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780940170032" title="Special:BookSources/9780940170032"><bdi>9780940170032</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Code+Poems&rft.pub=Open+Book+Publications&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=9780940170032&rft.aulast=Weiner&rft.aufirst=Hannah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+semaphore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.publicartfund.org/exhibitions/view/the-language-of-things/">"Various Artists: The Language of Things"</a>. <i>Public Art Fund</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Public+Art+Fund&rft.atitle=Various+Artists%3A+The+Language+of+Things&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.publicartfund.org%2Fexhibitions%2Fview%2Fthe-language-of-things%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+semaphore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_semaphore&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_writing" title="History of writing">History of writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grapheme" title="Grapheme">Grapheme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Writing systems</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Undeciphered_writing_systems" title="Undeciphered writing systems">undeciphered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_creators_of_writing_systems" title="List of creators of writing systems">inventors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_constructed_scripts" title="List of constructed scripts">constructed</a></li></ul></li> <li>Languages by writing system / <a href="/wiki/List_of_languages_by_first_written_accounts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of languages by first written accounts">by first written accounts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Types" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Types</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Abjads" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Abjad" title="Abjad">Abjads</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Numerals</a></i></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Aramaic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hatran_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatran alphabet">Hatran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elifba_alphabet" title="Elifba alphabet">Elifba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elymaic" title="Elymaic">Elymaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ktav_Ashuri" title="Ktav Ashuri">Ashuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursive_Hebrew" title="Cursive Hebrew">Cursive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashi_script" title="Rashi script">Rashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solitreo" title="Solitreo">Solitreo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaic_alphabet" title="Mandaic alphabet">Mandaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaean_script" title="Manichaean script">Manichaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabataean_script" title="Nabataean script">Nabataean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_North_Arabian" title="Ancient North Arabian">Ancient North Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_scripts" title="Pahlavi scripts">Pahlavi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_Pahlavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Book Pahlavi">Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inscriptional_Pahlavi" title="Inscriptional Pahlavi">Inscriptional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inscriptional_Parthian" title="Inscriptional Parthian">Inscriptional Parthian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalter_Pahlavi" title="Psalter Pahlavi">Psalter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegon_script" title="Pegon script">Pegon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Hebrew_alphabet" title="Paleo-Hebrew alphabet">Paleo-Hebrew</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitman_shorthand" title="Pitman shorthand">Pitman shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic_script" title="Proto-Sinaitic script">Proto-Sinaitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Punic alphabet">Punic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_script" title="Samaritan script">Samaritan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">South Arabian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script#Zabur_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Zabur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script#Musnad" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Musnad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogdian_alphabet" title="Sogdian alphabet">Sogdian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#Classical_ʾEsṭrangēlā" title="Syriac alphabet">ʾEsṭrangēlā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#West_Syriac_Serṭā" title="Syriac alphabet">Serṭā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#East_Syriac_Maḏnḥāyā" title="Syriac alphabet">Maḏnḥāyā</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teeline_Shorthand" class="mw-redirect" title="Teeline Shorthand">Teeline Shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugaritic_alphabet" title="Ugaritic alphabet">Ugaritic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Abugidas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Abugida" title="Abugida">Abugidas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Brahmic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali%E2%80%93Assamese_script" title="Bengali–Assamese script">Bengali–Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaiksuki_script" title="Bhaiksuki script">Bhaiksuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogri_script" title="Dogri script">Dogri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_script" title="Gujarati script">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gupta_script" title="Gupta script">Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaithi" title="Kaithi">Kaithi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_script" title="Kalinga script">Kalinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khema_script" title="Khema script">Khema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khojki_script" title="Khojki script">Khojki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khudabadi_script" title="Khudabadi script">Khudabadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8D%C4%81_scripts" title="Laṇḍā scripts">Laṇḍā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_script" title="Lepcha script">Lepcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahajani" title="Mahajani">Mahajani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marchen_script" title="Marchen script">Marchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_script" title="Meitei script">Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modi_script" title="Modi script">Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multani_script" title="Multani script">Multani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81gar%C4%AB_script" title="Nāgarī script">Nagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandinagari" title="Nandinagari">Nandinagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_scripts" title="Nepalese scripts">Nepalese scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhujimol_script" title="Bhujimol script">Bhujimol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Golmol script (page does not exist)">Golmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Himmol script (page does not exist)">Himmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kummol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kummol script (page does not exist)">Kummol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvemmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvemmol script (page does not exist)">Kvemmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pachumol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pachumol script (page does not exist)">Pachumol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pracalit_script" title="Pracalit script">Pracalit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranjana_script" title="Ranjana script">Ranjana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamyig_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamyig script">Tamyig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirhuta_script" title="Tirhuta script">Tirhuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbu_script" title="Limbu script">Limbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_scripts" title="Nepalese scripts">Litumol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_script" title="Odia script">Odia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karani_script" title="Karani script">Karani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BCPhags-pa_script" title="ʼPhags-pa script">ʼPhags-pa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharada_script" title="Sharada script">Sharada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddha%E1%B9%83_script" title="Siddhaṃ script">Siddhaṃ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyombo_script" title="Soyombo script">Soyombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylheti_Nagri" title="Sylheti Nagri">Sylheti Nagri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takri_script" title="Takri script">Takri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uchen_script" title="Uchen script">Uchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Um%C3%AA_script" title="Umê script">Umê</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocharian_script" title="Tocharian script">Tocharian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanabazar_square_script" title="Zanabazar square script">Zanabazar square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahom_script" title="Ahom script">Ahom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_script" title="Balinese script">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_script" title="Batak script">Batak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baybayin" title="Baybayin">Baybayin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhattiprolu_script" title="Bhattiprolu script">Bhattiprolu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buda_script" title="Buda script">Buda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buhid_script" title="Buhid script">Buhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakma_script" title="Chakma script">Chakma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_script" title="Cham script">Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakkham_script" title="Fakkham script">Fakkham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grantha_script" title="Grantha script">Grantha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goykanadi" title="Goykanadi">Goykanadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanunoo_script" title="Hanunoo script">Hanunoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_script" title="Javanese script">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadamba_script" title="Kadamba script">Kadamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_script" title="Kannada script">Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%27gaw_Karen_alphabet" title="S'gaw Karen alphabet">Karen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawi_script" title="Kawi script">Kawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">Khmer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khom_Thai_script" title="Khom Thai script">Khom Thai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulitan" title="Kulitan">Kulitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Lanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langdi" title="Langdi">Langdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_script" title="Lao script">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leke_script" title="Leke script">Leke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lontara_script" title="Lontara script">Lontara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lontara_Bilang-bilang_script" title="Lontara Bilang-bilang script">Bilang-bilang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makasar_script" title="Makasar script">Makasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_script" title="Malayalam script">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_writing_systems" title="Maldivian writing systems">Old Maldivian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhives_Akuru" title="Dhives Akuru">Dhives Akuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eveyla_Akuru" class="mw-redirect" title="Eveyla Akuru">Eveyla Akuru</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%E2%80%93Burmese_script" title="Mon–Burmese script">Mon–Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallava_script" title="Pallava script">Pallava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyu_script" title="Pyu script">Pyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saurashtra_script" title="Saurashtra script">Saurashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_alphabet" title="Shan alphabet">Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_script" title="Sinhala script">Sinhala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhothai_script" title="Sukhothai script">Sukhothai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_script" title="Sundanese script">Sundanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Sundanese_script" title="Old Sundanese script">Old Sundanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagbanwa_script" title="Tagbanwa script">Tagbanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Le_script" title="Tai Le script">Tai Le</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Tai_Lue_alphabet" title="New Tai Lue alphabet">New Tai Lue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Noi_script" title="Tai Noi script">Tai Noi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Tai Tham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Viet_script" title="Tai Viet script">Tai Viet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_Tay_script" title="Lai Tay script">Lai Tay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil-Brahmi" title="Tamil-Brahmi">Tamil-Brahmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanchangya_script" title="Tanchangya script">Tanchangya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_script" title="Telugu script">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_script" title="Thai script">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigalari_script" title="Tigalari script">Tigalari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulu_scripts" title="Ulu scripts">Ulu scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incung_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Incung script (page does not exist)">Incung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampung_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Lampung script">Lampung</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lembak_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lembak script (page does not exist)">Lembak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogan_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ogan script (page does not exist)">Ogan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasemah_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasemah script (page does not exist)">Pasemah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejang_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Rejang script">Rejang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serawai_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serawai script (page does not exist)">Serawai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatteluttu" title="Vatteluttu">Vatteluttu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kolezhuthu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolezhuthu">Kolezhuthu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayanma" title="Malayanma">Malayanma</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharati_script" title="Bharati script">Bharati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyd%27s_syllabic_shorthand" title="Boyd's syllabic shorthand">Boyd's syllabic shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian syllabics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_language#Writing_system" title="Blackfoot language">Blackfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrier_syllabics" title="Carrier syllabics">Déné syllabics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dham_script" title="Dham script">Dham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_language#Writing_systems" title="Fox language">Fox I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ge%CA%BDez_script" title="Geʽez script">Geʽez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunjala_Gondi_script" title="Gunjala Gondi script">Gunjala Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarati" title="Sarati">Sarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language#Writing_Systems" title="Sunwar language">Jenticha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharosthi" title="Kharosthi">Kharosthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandombe_script" title="Mandombe script">Mandombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondi_writing" title="Gondi writing">Masaram Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meroitic_script" title="Meroitic script">Meroitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollard_script" title="Pollard script">Miao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwangwego_script" title="Mwangwego script">Mwangwego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Pahawh Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorang_Sompeng_script" title="Sorang Sompeng script">Sorang Sompeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengwar" title="Tengwar">Tengwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaana" title="Thaana">Thaana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Natural_Shorthand" title="Thomas Natural Shorthand">Thomas Natural Shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warang_Citi" title="Warang Citi">Warang Citi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwangwego_script" title="Mwangwego script">Mwangwego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiang_language" title="Qiang language">Rma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Alphabets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">Alphabets</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Linear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adlam_script" title="Adlam script">Adlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariyaka_script" title="Ariyaka script">Ariyaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_alphabet" title="Armenian alphabet">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avestan_alphabet" title="Avestan alphabet">Avestan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pazend" title="Pazend">Pazend</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avoiuli" title="Avoiuli">Avoiuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassa_Vah_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bassa Vah script">Bassa Vah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carian_alphabets" title="Carian alphabets">Carian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albanian_script" title="Caucasian Albanian script">Caucasian Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirth" title="Cirth">Cirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coelbren_y_Beirdd" title="Coelbren y Beirdd">Coelbren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coorgi%E2%80%93Cox_alphabet" title="Coorgi–Cox alphabet">Coorgi–Cox alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic alphabet">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Cyrillic" title="Bosnian Cyrillic">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Early Cyrillic alphabet">Early</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deseret_alphabet" title="Deseret alphabet">Deseret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duployan_shorthand" title="Duployan shorthand">Duployan shorthand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duployan_shorthand#Chinook_writing" title="Duployan shorthand">Chinook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclectic_shorthand" title="Eclectic shorthand">Eclectic shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbasan_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Elbasan script">Elbasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enochian" title="Enochian">Enochian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_alphabet" title="Etruscan alphabet">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Psalmanazar#Pseudo-lexicographer" title="George Psalmanazar">Formosan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_language#Writing_systems" title="Fox language">Fox II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_script" title="Fraser script">Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabelsberger_shorthand" title="Gabelsberger shorthand">Gabelsberger shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadabuursi_Somali_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Gadabuursi Somali script">Gadabuursi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garay_alphabet" title="Garay alphabet">Garay alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_scripts" title="Georgian scripts">Georgian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asomtavruli" class="mw-redirect" title="Asomtavruli">Asomtavruli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuskhuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuskhuri">Nuskhuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mkhedruli" class="mw-redirect" title="Mkhedruli">Mkhedruli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veso_Bey_alphabet" title="Veso Bey alphabet">Veso Bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_script" title="Glagolitic script">Glagolitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_alphabet" title="Gothic alphabet">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregg_shorthand" title="Gregg shorthand">Gregg shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a> (<a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greek_alphabets" title="Archaic Greek alphabets">Archaic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Iberian_alphabet" title="Greco-Iberian alphabet">Greco-Iberian alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanifi_Rohingya_script" title="Hanifi Rohingya script">Hanifi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language#Writing_Systems" title="Sunwar language">Jenticha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaddare_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaddare script">Kaddare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayah_Li_alphabet" title="Kayah Li alphabet">Kayah Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klingon_scripts" title="Klingon scripts">Klingon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beneventan_script" title="Beneventan script">Beneventan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackletter" title="Blackletter">Blackletter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_minuscule" title="Carolingian minuscule">Carolingian minuscule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraktur" title="Fraktur">Fraktur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_type" title="Gaelic type">Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_script" title="Insular script">Insular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlac" class="mw-redirect" title="Interlac">Interlac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurrent" title="Kurrent">Kurrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merovingian_script" title="Merovingian script">Merovingian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scribal_abbreviation" title="Scribal abbreviation">Sigla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCtterlin" title="Sütterlin">Sütterlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tironian_notes" title="Tironian notes">Tironian notes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visigothic_script" title="Visigothic script">Visigothic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_script" title="Luo script">Luo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycian_alphabet" title="Lycian alphabet">Lycian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydian_alphabet" title="Lydian alphabet">Lydian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medefaidrin" title="Medefaidrin">Medefaidrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molodtsov_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Molodtsov alphabet">Molodtsov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mru_language#Script" title="Mru language">Mru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundari_Bani" title="Mundari Bani">Mundari Bani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%27Ko_script" title="N'Ko script">N'Ko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham">Ogham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ol_Chiki_script" title="Ol Chiki script">Ol Chiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Hungarian_script" title="Old Hungarian script">Old Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Italic_scripts" title="Old Italic scripts">Old Italic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Permic_script" title="Old Permic script">Old Permic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_script" title="Old Turkic script">Orkhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Uyghur_alphabet" title="Old Uyghur alphabet">Old Uyghur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_script" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evenki_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Evenki alphabet">Evenki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galik_alphabet" title="Galik alphabet">Galik alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear_Script" title="Clear Script">Oirat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagindra_script" title="Vagindra script">Vagindra</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ol_Onal" title="Ol Onal">Ol Onal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_script" title="Osage script">Osage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmanya_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Osmanya script">Osmanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pau_Cin_Hau_script" title="Pau Cin Hau script">Pau Cin Hau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrygian_alphabet" title="Phrygian alphabet">Phrygian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisidian_language" title="Pisidian language">Pisidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Runes">Runic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_runes" title="Anglo-Saxon runes">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cipher_runes" title="Cipher runes">Cipher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalecarlian_runes" title="Dalecarlian runes">Dalecarlian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elder_Futhark" title="Elder Futhark">Elder Futhark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Younger_Futhark" title="Younger Futhark">Younger Futhark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_runic_inscriptions" title="Gothic runic inscriptions">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcomannic_runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcomannic runes">Marcomannic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_runes" title="Medieval runes">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staveless_runes" title="Staveless runes">Staveless</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavian_alphabet" title="Shavian alphabet">Shavian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidetic_language" title="Sidetic language">Sidetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorang_Sompeng_script" title="Sorang Sompeng script">Sorang Sompeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunuwar_alphabet" title="Sunuwar alphabet">Sunuwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todhri_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Todhri script">Todhri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurukh_language#Writing_systems" title="Kurukh language">Tolong Siki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellara_alphabet" title="Vellara alphabet">Vellara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visible_Speech" title="Visible Speech">Visible Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vithkuqi_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Vithkuqi script">Vithkuqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wancho_language#Orthography" title="Wancho language">Wancho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warang_Citi" title="Warang Citi">Warang Citi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_alphabets#Yezidi" title="Kurdish alphabets">Yezidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaghawa_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaghawa script">Zaghawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Non-linear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_maritime_signal_flags" title="International maritime signal flags">Maritime flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegraph_code" title="Telegraph code">Telegraph code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Flag semaphore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon type</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Ideograms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ideogram" title="Ideogram">Ideograms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adinkra_symbols" title="Adinkra symbols">Adinkra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_script" title="Aztec script">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blissymbols" title="Blissymbols">Blissymbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongba_symbols" title="Dongba symbols">Dongba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ersu_Shaba_script" title="Ersu Shaba script">Ersu Shaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emoji" title="Emoji">Emoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isotype_(picture_language)" title="Isotype (picture language)">Isotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaid%C4%81_glyphs" title="Kaidā glyphs">Kaidā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%EA%9E%8Ckmaw_hieroglyphic_writing" class="mw-redirect" title="Miꞌkmaw hieroglyphic writing">Miꞌkmaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixtec_writing" title="Mixtec writing">Mixtec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Epoch_Notation_Painting" class="mw-redirect" title="New Epoch Notation Painting">New Epoch Notation Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nsibidi" title="Nsibidi">Nsibidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ojibwe_writing_systems#Ojibwe_"hieroglyphs"" title="Ojibwe writing systems">Ojibwe Hieroglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olmec_hieroglyphs" title="Olmec hieroglyphs">Olmec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siglas_poveiras" title="Siglas poveiras">Siglas poveiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testerian" title="Testerian">Testerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerkish" title="Yerkish">Yerkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapotec_script" title="Zapotec script">Zapotec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Logograms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Logogram" title="Logogram">Logograms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_family_of_scripts" title="Chinese family of scripts">Chinese family of scripts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Chinese characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_bone_script" title="Oracle bone script">Oracle bone script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_bronze_inscriptions" title="Chinese bronze inscriptions">Bronze scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_script" title="Seal script">Seal script</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Large_seal_script" title="Large seal script">large</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_seal_script" title="Small seal script">small</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird-worm_seal_script" title="Bird-worm seal script">bird-worm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">Kanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_N%C3%B4m" title="Chữ Nôm">Chữ Nôm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawndip" title="Sawndip">Sawndip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowen_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bowen script">Bowen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Chinese-influenced</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jurchen_script" title="Jurchen script">Jurchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_large_script" title="Khitan large script">Khitan large script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sui_script" title="Sui script">Sui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangut_script" title="Tangut script">Tangut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Cuneiform</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akkadian_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Akkadian cuneiform">Akkadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian cuneiform">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elamite_cuneiform" title="Elamite cuneiform">Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_cuneiform" title="Hittite cuneiform">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform_Luwian" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuneiform Luwian">Luwian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Sumerian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other logosyllabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_hieroglyphs" title="Anatolian hieroglyphs">Anatolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagam_script" title="Bagam script">Bagam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_hieroglyphs" title="Cretan hieroglyphs">Cretan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isthmian_script" title="Isthmian script">Isthmian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_script" title="Maya script">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Elamite_script" title="Proto-Elamite script">Proto-Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenevil" title="Tenevil">Tenevil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_script#Classical_Yi" title="Yi script">Yi (Classical)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Logoconsonantal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demotic_(Egyptian)" title="Demotic (Egyptian)">Demotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieratic" title="Hieratic">Hieratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Hieroglyphs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Numerals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93Arabic_numeral_system" title="Hindu–Arabic numeral system">Hindu-Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Abjad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_numerals" title="Attic numerals">Attic (Greek)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_numerals" title="Muisca numerals">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sitelen_Pona" title="Sitelen Pona">Sitelen Pona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Semi-syllabaries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Semi-syllabaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-syllabaries">Semi-syllabaries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Full</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Elamite" title="Linear Elamite">Linear Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtiberian_script" title="Celtiberian script">Celtiberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Iberian_script" title="Northeastern Iberian script">Northeastern Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Iberian_script" title="Southeastern Iberian script">Southeastern Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khom_script_(Ong_Kommadam)" title="Khom script (Ong Kommadam)">Khom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunging_script" title="Dunging script">Dunging</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Redundant</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Espanca_script" title="Espanca script">Espanca script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Pahawh Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_small_script" title="Khitan small script">Khitan small script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Paleohispanic_script" title="Southwest Paleohispanic script">Southwest Paleohispanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_writing_in_Vietnam#Quốc_Âm_Tân_Tự" title="History of writing in Vietnam">Quốc Âm Tân Tự</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Sign_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sign_language" title="Sign language">Sign languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASLwrite" title="ASLwrite">ASLwrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SignWriting" title="SignWriting">SignWriting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Si5s" title="Si5s">si5s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stokoe_notation" title="Stokoe notation">Stokoe notation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Syllabaries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Syllabary" title="Syllabary">Syllabaries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afaka_syllabary" title="Afaka syllabary">Afaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamum_script" title="Bamum script">Bamum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9t%C3%A9_syllabary" title="Bété syllabary">Bété</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byblos_syllabary" title="Byblos syllabary">Byblos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_syllabary" title="Cherokee syllabary">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_syllabary" title="Cypriot syllabary">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypro-Minoan_syllabary" title="Cypro-Minoan syllabary">Cypro-Minoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditema_tsa_Dinoko" title="Ditema tsa Dinoko">Ditema tsa Dinoko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eskayan_script" title="Eskayan script">Eskayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geba_syllabary" title="Geba syllabary">Geba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Algonquian_syllabics" title="Great Lakes Algonquian syllabics">Great Lakes Algonquian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iban_language#Alphabet" title="Iban language">Iban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idu_script" title="Idu script">Idu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">Kana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">Hiragana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">Katakana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dgana" title="Man'yōgana">Man'yōgana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hentaigana" title="Hentaigana">Hentaigana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dgana" title="Sōgana">Sōgana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jindai_moji" title="Jindai moji">Jindai moji</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mende_Kikakui_script" title="Mende Kikakui script">Kikakui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kpelle_syllabary" title="Kpelle syllabary">Kpelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Elamite" title="Linear Elamite">Linear Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisu_language#Lisu_syllabary" title="Lisu language">Lisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loma_language#writing_systems" title="Loma language">Loma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCshu" title="Nüshu">Nüshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nwagu_Aneke_script" title="Nwagu Aneke script">Nwagu Aneke script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Persian_cuneiform" title="Old Persian cuneiform">Old Persian cuneiform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Sumerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vai_syllabary" title="Vai syllabary">Vai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woleai_script" title="Woleai script">Woleai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_script#Modern_Yi" title="Yi script">Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugtun_script" title="Yugtun script">Yugtun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Braille" title="Template:Braille"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Braille" title="Template talk:Braille"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Braille" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Braille"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Braille_⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a><span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span>⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille cell</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1829_braille" title="1829 braille">1829 braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_uniformity_of_braille_alphabets" title="International uniformity of braille alphabets">International uniformity</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_ASCII" title="Braille ASCII">ASCII braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Patterns" title="Braille Patterns">Unicode braille patterns</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:French-ordered_braille_alphabets" title="Category:French-ordered braille alphabets">French-ordered</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Braille" title="Albanian Braille">Albanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azeri_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Azeri Braille">Azerbaijani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Braille" title="Catalan Braille">Catalan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Chinese (mainland Mandarin)</a> (largely reassigned)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Braille" title="Czech Braille">Czech</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Braille" title="Dutch Braille">Dutch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/English_Braille" title="English Braille">English</a> (<a href="/wiki/Unified_English_Braille" title="Unified English Braille">Unified English</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Esperanto_Braille" title="Esperanto Braille">Esperanto</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Braille" title="French Braille">French</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_Braille" title="German Braille">German</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_braille" title="Ghanaian braille">Ghanaian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guarani_Braille" title="Guarani Braille">Guarani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Braille" title="Hawaiian Braille">Hawaiian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Braille" title="Hungarian Braille">Hungarian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/I%C3%B1upiaq_Braille" title="Iñupiaq Braille">Iñupiaq</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">IPA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irish_Braille" title="Irish Braille">Irish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Braille" title="Italian Braille">Italian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Braille" title="Latvian Braille">Latvian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Braille" title="Lithuanian Braille">Lithuanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a> (extended to 8-dot)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maltese_Braille" title="Maltese Braille">Maltese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Braille" title="Māori Braille">Māori</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Navajo_Braille" title="Navajo Braille">Navajo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_braille" title="Nigerian braille">Nigerian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Braille" title="Philippine Braille">Philippine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_Braille" title="Polish Braille">Polish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Braille" title="Portuguese Braille">Portuguese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Braille" title="Romanian Braille">Romanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samoan_Braille" title="Samoan Braille">Samoan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Braille" title="Slovak Braille">Slovak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_braille" title="South African braille">South African</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Braille" title="Spanish Braille">Spanish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a> (largely reassigned)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Braille" title="Turkish Braille">Turkish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Braille" title="Vietnamese Braille">Vietnamese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Braille" title="Welsh Braille">Welsh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Braille" title="Yugoslav Braille">Yugoslav</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zambian_Braille" title="Zambian Braille">Zambian</a></span></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nordic family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Braille" title="Estonian Braille">Estonian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Faroese_Braille" title="Faroese Braille">Faroese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Braille" title="Icelandic Braille">Icelandic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Braille" title="Scandinavian Braille">Scandinavian</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Danish</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Finnish</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Greenlandic</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northern_S%C3%A1mi_Braille" title="Northern Sámi Braille">Northern Sámi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Norwegian</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Swedish</span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabets" title="Cyrillic alphabets">Cyrillic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Braille" title="Belarusian Braille">Belarusian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Braille" title="Bulgarian Braille">Bulgarian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Braille" title="Kazakh Braille">Kazakh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Braille" title="Kyrgyz Braille">Kyrgyz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Braille" title="Mongolian Braille">Mongolian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Braille" title="Russian Braille">Russian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tatar_Braille" title="Tatar Braille">Tatar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Braille" title="Ukrainian Braille">Ukrainian</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Egyptian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_Braille" title="Arabic Braille">Arabic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Persian_Braille" title="Persian Braille">Persian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (Pakistan)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Bharati_Braille" title="Bharati Braille">Bharati Braille</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Devanagari_Braille" title="Devanagari Braille">Devanagari (Hindi / Marathi / Nepali)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Braille" title="Bengali Braille">Bengali (Bangla / Assamese)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_Braille" title="Gujarati Braille">Gujarati</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kannada_Braille" title="Kannada Braille">Kannada</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_Braille" title="Malayalam Braille">Malayalam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Odia_Braille" title="Odia Braille">Odia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Braille" title="Punjabi Braille">Punjabi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_Braille" title="Sinhala Braille">Sinhala</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Braille" title="Tamil Braille">Tamil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Braille" title="Telugu Braille">Telugu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (India)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ge%27ez_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge'ez Braille">Amharic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Braille" title="Armenian Braille">Armenian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Braille" title="Burmese Braille">Burmese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dzongkha_Braille" title="Dzongkha Braille">Dzongkha</a> (Bhutanese)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Braille" title="Georgian Braille">Georgian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greek_Braille" title="Greek Braille">Greek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Braille" title="Hebrew Braille">Hebrew</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_Braille" title="Inuktitut Braille">Inuktitut</a> (reassigned vowels)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khmer_Braille" title="Khmer Braille">Khmer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thai_and_Lao_Braille" title="Thai and Lao Braille">Thai and Lao</a> (Japanese vowels)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Braille" title="Tibetan Braille">Tibetan</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reordered</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Braille" title="Algerian Braille">Algerian Braille</a> (obsolete)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Frequency-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Braille" title="American Braille">American Braille</a> (obsolete)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Chinese semi-syllabaries</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Mainland Chinese Mandarin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Two-cell_Chinese_Braille" title="Two-cell Chinese Braille">Two-cell Chinese (Shuangpin)</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Braille" title="Korean Braille">Korean</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eight-dot</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_kanji" title="Braille kanji">Kanji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (GS8)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols in braille</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_music" title="Braille music">Braille music</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_currency_tactile_feature" title="Canadian currency tactile feature">Canadian currency marks</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Computer_Braille_Code" title="Computer Braille Code">Computer Braille Code</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (science; GS8/GS6)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nemeth_Braille" title="Nemeth Braille">Nemeth braille code</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Braille_technology" title="Braille technology">Braille technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_e-book" title="Braille e-book">Braille e-book</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_embosser" title="Braille embosser">Braille embosser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_translator" title="Braille translator">Braille translator</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_watch" title="Braille watch">Braille watch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mountbatten_Brailler" title="Mountbatten Brailler">Mountbatten Brailler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Optical_braille_recognition" title="Optical braille recognition">Optical braille recognition</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perforation" title="Perforation">Perforation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perkins_Brailler" title="Perkins Brailler">Perkins Brailler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Refreshable_braille_display" title="Refreshable braille display">Refreshable braille display</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slate_and_stylus" title="Slate and stylus">Slate and stylus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braigo" title="Braigo">Braigo</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Braille" title="Louis Braille">Louis Braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Barbier" title="Charles Barbier">Charles Barbier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3%C5%BCa_Czacka" title="Róża Czacka">Róża Czacka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Valentin_Ha%C3%BCy" title="Valentin Haüy">Valentin Haüy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harris_Mowbray" title="Harris Mowbray">Harris Mowbray</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thakur_Vishva_Narain_Singh" title="Thakur Vishva Narain Singh">Thakur Vishva Narain Singh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sabriye_Tenberken" title="Sabriye Tenberken">Sabriye Tenberken</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Bell_Wait" title="William Bell Wait">William Bell Wait</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Institute_of_America" title="Braille Institute of America">Braille Institute of America</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Without_Borders" title="Braille Without Borders">Braille Without Borders</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japan_Braille_Library" title="Japan Braille Library">Japan Braille Library</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Braille_Association" title="National Braille Association">National Braille Association</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Blindness_organizations" title="Category:Blindness organizations">Blindness organizations</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Schools_for_the_blind" title="Category:Schools for the blind">Schools for the blind</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Printing_House_for_the_Blind" title="American Printing House for the Blind">American Printing House for the Blind</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/Tactile_alphabet" title="Tactile alphabet">tactile alphabets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Decapoint" title="Decapoint">Decapoint</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon type</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Night_writing" title="Night writing">Night writing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vibratese" title="Vibratese">Vibratese</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Accessible_publishing" title="Accessible publishing">Accessible publishing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_literacy" title="Braille literacy">Braille literacy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/RoboBraille" title="RoboBraille">RoboBraille</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Telecommunications" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Telecommunications" title="Template:Telecommunications"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Telecommunications" title="Template talk:Telecommunications"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Telecommunications" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Telecommunications"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Telecommunications" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications" title="Telecommunications">Telecommunications</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_telecommunication" title="History of telecommunication">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beacon#For_defensive_communications" title="Beacon">Beacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_broadcasting" title="History of broadcasting">Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_protection_system" title="Cable protection system">Cable protection system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">Cable TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite#History" title="Communications satellite">Communications satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_network#History" title="Computer network">Computer network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_compression" title="Data compression">Data compression</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_coding_format" title="Audio coding format">audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrete_cosine_transform" title="Discrete cosine transform">DCT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_compression" title="Image compression">image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_coding_format" title="Video coding format">video</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_media" title="Digital media">Digital media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_video" title="Internet video">Internet video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_video_platform" title="Online video platform">online video platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">streaming</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drums_in_communication" title="Drums in communication">Drums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edholm%27s_law" title="Edholm's law">Edholm's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_telegraph#History" title="Electrical telegraph">Electrical telegraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fax#History" title="Fax">Fax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliograph#History" title="Heliograph">Heliographs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_telegraph#Greek_hydraulic_semaphore_system" title="Hydraulic telegraph">Hydraulic telegraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_Age" title="Information Age">Information Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Information revolution">Information revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Internet" title="History of the Internet">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media#History" title="Mass media">Mass media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_mobile_phones" title="History of mobile phones">Mobile phone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">Smartphone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_communication" title="Optical communication">Optical telecommunication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_telegraph" title="Optical telegraph">Optical telegraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pager" title="Pager">Pager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photophone" title="Photophone">Photophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_prepaid_mobile_phones" title="History of prepaid mobile phones">Prepaid mobile phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_radio" title="History of radio">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiotelephone" title="Radiotelephone">Radiotelephone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite" title="Communications satellite">Satellite communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semaphore" title="Semaphore">Semaphore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phryctoria" title="Phryctoria">Phryctoria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor">Semiconductor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_device" title="Semiconductor device">device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MOSFET" title="MOSFET">MOSFET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_transistor" title="History of the transistor">transistor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoke_signal" title="Smoke signal">Smoke signals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_telecommunication" title="History of telecommunication">Telecommunications history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telautograph" title="Telautograph">Telautograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegraphy" title="Telegraphy">Telegraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleprinter" title="Teleprinter">Teleprinter</a> (teletype)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_telephone" title="History of the telephone">Telephone</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Telephone_Cases" title="The Telephone Cases">The Telephone Cases</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_television" title="History of television">Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television" title="Digital television">digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaming_television" title="Streaming television">streaming</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_communications_cable#Early_history:_telegraph_and_coaxial_cables" title="Submarine communications cable">Undersea telegraph line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_videotelephony" title="History of videotelephony">Videotelephony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whistled_language" title="Whistled language">Whistled language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Wireless revolution">Wireless revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pioneers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasir_Ahmed_(engineer)" title="Nasir Ahmed (engineer)">Nasir Ahmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Howard_Armstrong" title="Edwin Howard Armstrong">Edwin Howard Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_M._Atalla" title="Mohamed M. Atalla">Mohamed M. Atalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Logie_Baird" title="John Logie Baird">John Logie Baird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Baran" title="Paul Baran">Paul Baran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexander Graham Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emile_Berliner" title="Emile Berliner">Emile Berliner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Blake_(inventor)" title="Francis Blake (inventor)">Francis Blake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagadish_Chandra_Bose" title="Jagadish Chandra Bose">Jagadish Chandra Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bourseul" title="Charles Bourseul">Charles Bourseul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Houser_Brattain" title="Walter Houser Brattain">Walter Houser Brattain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vint_Cerf" title="Vint Cerf">Vint Cerf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Chappe" title="Claude Chappe">Claude Chappe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogen_Dalal" class="mw-redirect" title="Yogen Dalal">Yogen Dalal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Davis_Jr." title="Daniel Davis Jr.">Daniel Davis Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Davies" title="Donald Davies">Donald Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_Dolbear" title="Amos Dolbear">Amos Dolbear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_de_Forest" title="Lee de Forest">Lee de Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philo_Farnsworth" title="Philo Farnsworth">Philo Farnsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Fessenden" title="Reginald Fessenden">Reginald Fessenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha_Gray" title="Elisha Gray">Elisha Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Heaviside" title="Oliver Heaviside">Oliver Heaviside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hooke" title="Robert Hooke">Robert Hooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erna_Schneider_Hoover" title="Erna Schneider Hoover">Erna Schneider Hoover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Hopkins_(physicist)" title="Harold Hopkins (physicist)">Harold Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardiner_Greene_Hubbard" title="Gardiner Greene Hubbard">Gardiner Greene Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_pioneers" title="List of Internet pioneers">Internet pioneers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Kahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Bob Kahn">Bob Kahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawon_Kahng" title="Dawon Kahng">Dawon Kahng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_K._Kao" title="Charles K. Kao">Charles K. Kao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narinder_Singh_Kapany" title="Narinder Singh Kapany">Narinder Singh Kapany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedy_Lamarr" title="Hedy Lamarr">Hedy Lamarr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Landell_de_Moura" title="Roberto Landell de Moura">Roberto Landell de Moura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innocenzo_Manzetti" title="Innocenzo Manzetti">Innocenzo Manzetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Metcalfe" title="Robert Metcalfe">Robert Metcalfe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Meucci" title="Antonio Meucci">Antonio Meucci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Morse" title="Samuel Morse">Samuel Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jun-ichi_Nishizawa" title="Jun-ichi Nishizawa">Jun-ichi Nishizawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Grafton_Page" title="Charles Grafton Page">Charles Grafton Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radia_Perlman" title="Radia Perlman">Radia Perlman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Stepanovich_Popov" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Stepanovich Popov">Alexander Stepanovich Popov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tivadar_Pusk%C3%A1s" title="Tivadar Puskás">Tivadar Puskás</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Philipp_Reis" title="Johann Philipp Reis">Johann Philipp Reis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Shannon" title="Claude Shannon">Claude Shannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almon_Brown_Strowger" title="Almon Brown Strowger">Almon Brown Strowger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Sutton_(inventor)" title="Henry Sutton (inventor)">Henry Sutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Sumner_Tainter" title="Charles Sumner Tainter">Charles Sumner Tainter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikola_Tesla" title="Nikola Tesla">Nikola Tesla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Tissot" title="Camille Tissot">Camille Tissot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Vail" title="Alfred Vail">Alfred Vail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Watson" title="Thomas A. Watson">Thomas A. Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wheatstone" title="Charles Wheatstone">Charles Wheatstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_K._Zworykin" title="Vladimir K. Zworykin">Vladimir K. Zworykin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transmission_medium" title="Transmission medium">Transmission<br />media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coaxial_cable" title="Coaxial cable">Coaxial cable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiber-optic_communication" title="Fiber-optic communication">Fiber-optic communication</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Optical_fiber" title="Optical fiber">optical fiber</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-space_optical_communication" title="Free-space optical communication">Free-space optical communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_communication" title="Molecular communication">Molecular communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_wave" title="Radio wave">Radio waves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wireless" title="Wireless">wireless</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmission_line" title="Transmission line">Transmission line</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunication_circuit" title="Telecommunication circuit">telecommunication circuit</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Network_topology" title="Network topology">Network topology</a><br />and switching</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandwidth_(computing)" title="Bandwidth (computing)">Bandwidth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_link" title="Telecommunications link">Links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Node_(networking)" title="Node (networking)">Nodes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terminal_(telecommunication)" title="Terminal (telecommunication)">terminal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_switch" title="Network switch">Network switching</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_switching" title="Circuit switching">circuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packet_switching" title="Packet switching">packet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_exchange" title="Telephone exchange">Telephone exchange</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Multiplexing" title="Multiplexing">Multiplexing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space-division_multiple_access" title="Space-division multiple access">Space-division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frequency-division_multiplexing" title="Frequency-division multiplexing">Frequency-division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time-division_multiplexing" title="Time-division multiplexing">Time-division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polarization-division_multiplexing" title="Polarization-division multiplexing">Polarization-division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_angular_momentum_multiplexing" title="Orbital angular momentum multiplexing">Orbital angular-momentum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code-division_multiple_access" title="Code-division multiple access">Code-division</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communication_protocol" title="Communication protocol">Communication protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">Computer network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_communication" title="Data communication">Data transmission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Store_and_forward" title="Store and forward">Store and forward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_equipment" title="Telecommunications equipment">Telecommunications equipment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_network" title="Telecommunications network">Types of network</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_network" title="Cellular network">Cellular network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Services_Digital_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Services Digital Network">ISDN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_area_network" title="Local area network">LAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_telephony" title="Mobile telephony">Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next-generation_network" title="Next-generation network">NGN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_switched_telephone_network" title="Public switched telephone network">Public Switched Telephone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_network" title="Radio network">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Television broadcasting">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telex" title="Telex">Telex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UUCP" title="UUCP">UUCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide_area_network" title="Wide area network">WAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_network" title="Wireless network">Wireless network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_network" title="Telecommunications network">Notable networks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARPANET" title="ARPANET">ARPANET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BITNET" title="BITNET">BITNET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYCLADES" title="CYCLADES">CYCLADES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FidoNet" title="FidoNet">FidoNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet2" title="Internet2">Internet2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JANET" title="JANET">JANET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPL_network" title="NPL network">NPL network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toasternet" title="Toasternet">Toasternet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usenet" title="Usenet">Usenet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_Africa" title="Category:Telecommunications in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li>Americas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_North_America" title="Category:Telecommunications in North America">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_South_America" title="Category:Telecommunications in South America">South</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Communications_in_Antarctica" title="Category:Communications in Antarctica">Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_Asia" title="Category:Telecommunications in Asia">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_Europe" title="Category:Telecommunications in Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_Oceania" title="Category:Telecommunications in Oceania">Oceania</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_telecommunications_regulatory_bodies" title="List of telecommunications regulatory bodies">Global telecommunications regulation bodies</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/16px-Telecom-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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title="Category:Telecommunications">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_telecommunication" title="Outline of telecommunication">Outline</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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