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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Suburbs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suburbs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Suburbs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suburbs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Urban_area" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_area"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Urban area</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urban_area-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Local" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Local</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>National</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Liquor_licensing_trusts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liquor_licensing_trusts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Liquor licensing trusts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liquor_licensing_trusts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brewing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brewing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Brewing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brewing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Banking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Banking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Banking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Banking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Colleges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colleges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Colleges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colleges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-High_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#High_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>High schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-High_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Primary_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Primary schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure_and_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure_and_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Infrastructure and services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure_and_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_residents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_residents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notable residents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_residents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Sister cities</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sister_cities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sister cities subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Current_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>Current sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Former_sister_city" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_sister_city"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.2</span> <span>Former sister city</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former_sister_city-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Invercargill</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 54 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">54 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Invercargill" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%84" title="إنفركارجل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إنفركارجل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BB" title="Інверкаргіл – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Інверкаргіл" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Invercargill" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Invercargill" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Invercargill" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Invercargill" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Invercargill" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%A4%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%DD%A3%D9%84" title="إينڤيركارݣل – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="إينڤيركارݣل" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Invercargill" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%BD%CE%B2%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BB" title="Ινβερκάργκιλ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ινβερκάργκιλ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Invercargill" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Invercargill" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Invercargill" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%84" title="اینورکارگیل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اینورکارگیل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Invercargill" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Invercargill" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Invercargill" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inbhir_Chargaill" title="Inbhir Chargaill – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Inbhir Chargaill" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Invercargill" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%B2%84%EC%B9%B4%EA%B8%B8" title="인버카길 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인버카길" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%B6%D5%BE%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%AC" title="Ինվերկարգիլ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ինվերկարգիլ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2" title="इन्वरकार्गिल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इन्वरकार्गिल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Invercargill" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Invercargill" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%99%D7%9C" title="אינברקרגיל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אינברקרגיל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ინვერკარგილი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ინვერკარგილი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Invercargill" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Invercargill" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverkargilas" title="Inverkargilas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Inverkargilas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Invercargill" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waih%C5%8Dpai" title="Waihōpai – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Waihōpai" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%84" title="انفركارجل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="انفركارجل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Invercargill" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Invercargill" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AE%E3%83%AB" title="インバーカーギル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="インバーカーギル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Invercargill" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Invercargill" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Invercargill" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Invercargill" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Invercargill" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Инверкаргилл – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Инверкаргилл" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Invercargill" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Инверкаргил – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Инверкаргил" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Invercargill" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Invercargill" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C" title="อินเวอร์คาร์กิลล์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อินเวอร์คาร์กิลล์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Invercargill" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Інверкаргілл – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Інверкаргілл" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AF%D9%84" title="انورکارگل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="انورکارگل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Invercargill" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Invercargill" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E4%BD%9B%E5%8D%A1%E5%90%89%E7%88%BE" title="因佛卡吉爾 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="因佛卡吉爾" 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class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Invercargill&params=46_24_47_S_168_20_51_E_type:city(58600)_region:NZ-STL"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">46°24′47″S</span> <span class="longitude">168°20′51″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">46.41306°S 168.34750°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-46.41306; 168.34750</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in the South Island of New Zealand</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the electorate, see <a href="/wiki/Invercargill_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Invercargill (New Zealand electorate)">Invercargill (New Zealand electorate)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in South Island, New Zealand</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Invercargill</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">Waihōpai</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_New_Zealand" title="List of cities in New Zealand">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spring_in_Esk_Street_-_Invercargill.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Spring in 2005, Esk Street, Invercargill"><img alt="Spring in 2005, Esk Street, Invercargill" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Spring_in_Esk_Street_-_Invercargill.jpg/250px-Spring_in_Esk_Street_-_Invercargill.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Spring_in_Esk_Street_-_Invercargill.jpg/375px-Spring_in_Esk_Street_-_Invercargill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Spring_in_Esk_Street_-_Invercargill.jpg/500px-Spring_in_Esk_Street_-_Invercargill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2176" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Spring in 2005, Esk Street, Invercargill</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Invercargill_coat_of_arms.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Invercargill"><img alt="Coat of arms of Invercargill" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f6/Invercargill_coat_of_arms.png/100px-Invercargill_coat_of_arms.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f6/Invercargill_coat_of_arms.png/150px-Invercargill_coat_of_arms.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f6/Invercargill_coat_of_arms.png/200px-Invercargill_coat_of_arms.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Invercargill_City_Council#Coat_of_arms" title="Invercargill City Council">Coat of arms</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Pro Communi Utilitate</i></span> <br /> <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>: "For the Benefit of the Community"<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Invercargill_in_the_South_Island.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Invercargill in the South Island"><img alt="Invercargill in the South Island" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Invercargill_in_the_South_Island.svg/250px-Invercargill_in_the_South_Island.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Invercargill_in_the_South_Island.svg/375px-Invercargill_in_the_South_Island.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Invercargill_in_the_South_Island.svg/500px-Invercargill_in_the_South_Island.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="950" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Invercargill in the <a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Invercargill&params=46_24_47_S_168_20_51_E_type:city(58600)_region:NZ-STL"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">46°24′47″S</span> <span class="longitude">168°20′51″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">46.41306°S 168.34750°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-46.41306; 168.34750</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data">New Zealand</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_New_Zealand" title="List of islands of New Zealand">Island</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_New_Zealand" title="Regions of New Zealand">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Southland_Region" title="Southland Region">Southland</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Community_boards_in_New_Zealand" title="Community boards in New Zealand">Communities</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Bluff</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Settled by Europeans</th><td class="infobox-data">1853</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><i lang="gd">Inbhir</i></span> – <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a> for river's mouth and <a href="/wiki/William_Cargill_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="William Cargill (New Zealand politician)">William Cargill</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Invercargill" title="Mayor of Invercargill">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nobby_Clark_(politician)" title="Nobby Clark (politician)">Nobby Clark</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Deputy Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data">Tom Campbell</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • MPs</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penny_Simmonds" title="Penny Simmonds">Penny Simmonds</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party" title="New Zealand National Party">National</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C4%81kuta_Ferris" title="Tākuta Ferris">Tākuta Ferris</a> (<a href="/wiki/Te_P%C4%81ti_M%C4%81ori" title="Te Pāti Māori">Te Pāti Māori</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Territorial_authorities_of_New_Zealand" title="Territorial authorities of New Zealand">Territorial authority</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Invercargill_City_Council" title="Invercargill City Council">Invercargill City Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Territorial</div></th><td class="infobox-data">389.92 km<sup>2</sup> (150.55 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">62.95 km<sup>2</sup> (24.31 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(June 2024)<sup id="cite_ref-NZ_population_data_2018_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NZ_population_data_2018-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Territorial</div></th><td class="infobox-data">58,600</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">150/km<sup>2</sup> (390/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">51,700</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">820/km<sup>2</sup> (2,100/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Invercargillite</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B12" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+12">UTC+12</a> (<a href="/wiki/Time_in_New_Zealand" title="Time in New Zealand">NZST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B13" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+13">UTC+13</a> (NZDT)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postcodes_in_New_Zealand" title="Postcodes in New Zealand">Postcode(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">9810, 9812</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">03</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Local <a href="/wiki/Iwi" title="Iwi">iwi</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Māori-language text"><span lang="mi" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81i_Tahu" title="Ngāi Tahu">Ngāi Tahu</a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icc.govt.nz/">icc<wbr />.govt<wbr />.nz</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31805#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Invercargill</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɑːr/: 'ar' in 'far'">ɑːr</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">IN</span>-vər-<span style="font-size:90%">KAR</span>-ghil</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a>: <i lang="mi">Waihōpai</i><span style="margin-left:2.5px;">)</span><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the southernmost and westernmost <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_New_Zealand" title="List of cities in New Zealand">city</a> in New Zealand, and one of the southernmost cities in the world. It is the commercial centre of the <a href="/wiki/Southland_Region" title="Southland Region">Southland</a> <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_New_Zealand" title="Regions of New Zealand">region</a>. The city lies in the heart of the wide expanse of the <a href="/wiki/Southland_Plains" title="Southland Plains">Southland Plains</a> to the east of the <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Creti_River" title="Ōreti River">Ōreti or New River</a> some 18 km (11 miles) north of <a href="/wiki/Bluff,_New_Zealand" title="Bluff, New Zealand">Bluff</a>, which is the southernmost town in the <a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a>. It sits amid rich farmland that is bordered by large areas of conservation land and marine reserves, including <a href="/wiki/Fiordland_National_Park" title="Fiordland National Park">Fiordland National Park</a> covering the south-west corner of the South Island and the <a href="/wiki/Catlins" class="mw-redirect" title="Catlins">Catlins</a> coastal region. </p><p>Many streets in the city, especially in the centre and main shopping district, are named after rivers in Scotland. These include the main streets <a href="/wiki/River_Dee,_Aberdeenshire" title="River Dee, Aberdeenshire">Dee</a> and <a href="/wiki/River_Tay" title="River Tay">Tay</a>, as well as those named after the <a href="/wiki/River_Tweed" title="River Tweed">Tweed</a>, <a href="/wiki/River_Forth" title="River Forth">Forth</a>, <a href="/wiki/River_Tyne,_Scotland" title="River Tyne, Scotland">Tyne</a>, <a href="/wiki/River_Esk,_Dumfries_and_Galloway" class="mw-redirect" title="River Esk, Dumfries and Galloway">Esk</a>, <a href="/wiki/River_Don,_Aberdeenshire" title="River Don, Aberdeenshire">Don</a>, <a href="/wiki/River_Ness" title="River Ness">Ness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yarrow_Water" title="Yarrow Water">Yarrow</a>, <a href="/wiki/River_Spey" title="River Spey">Spey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eye_Water" title="Eye Water">Eye</a> and <a href="/wiki/River_Ythan" title="River Ythan">Ythan</a> rivers, amongst others. </p><p>The 2018 census showed the population was 54,204, up 2.7% on the 2006 census number and up 4.8% on the 2013 census number.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toponymy">Toponymy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invercargill&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Toponymy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Aber_and_Inver_(placename_elements)" title="Aber and Inver (placename elements)">Inver</a></i> comes from the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a> word <i>inbhir</i> meaning <i>a river's mouth</i> and <i>Cargill</i> is in honour of Captain <a href="/wiki/William_Cargill_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="William Cargill (New Zealand politician)">William Cargill</a>, who was at the time the Superintendent of <a href="/wiki/Otago_Province" title="Otago Province">Otago</a>, of which Southland was then a part.<sup id="cite_ref-Wright224_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wright224-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a> name for the city, <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">Waihōpai</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> comes from the <a href="/wiki/Waihopai_River_(Southland)" title="Waihopai River (Southland)">Waihopai River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It may be a corruption of <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">Waiopai</i></span>, meaning <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">wai</i></span> (water or stream) of Pai.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invercargill&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Post_Office,_Invercargill._ATLIB_289937.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Post_Office%2C_Invercargill._ATLIB_289937.png/220px-Post_Office%2C_Invercargill._ATLIB_289937.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Post_Office%2C_Invercargill._ATLIB_289937.png/330px-Post_Office%2C_Invercargill._ATLIB_289937.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Post_Office%2C_Invercargill._ATLIB_289937.png/440px-Post_Office%2C_Invercargill._ATLIB_289937.png 2x" data-file-width="6430" data-file-height="4636" /></a><figcaption>Invercargill Post Office at centre and the McKay & Aitchison, Arcade Auction Mart, auctioneers and valuers on right, 1926</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Civic_Theatre_in_Invercargill,_New_Zealand.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Civic_Theatre_in_Invercargill%2C_New_Zealand.JPG/220px-Civic_Theatre_in_Invercargill%2C_New_Zealand.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Civic_Theatre_in_Invercargill%2C_New_Zealand.JPG/330px-Civic_Theatre_in_Invercargill%2C_New_Zealand.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Civic_Theatre_in_Invercargill%2C_New_Zealand.JPG/440px-Civic_Theatre_in_Invercargill%2C_New_Zealand.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Civic Theatre, the town hall of Invercargill – built in 1906.</figcaption></figure> <p>Southland was a scene of early extended contact between Europeans and Māori, notably whalers and missionaries – <a href="/wiki/Johan_Wohlers" title="Johan Wohlers">Wohlers</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ruapuke_Island" title="Ruapuke Island">Ruapuke Island</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wright61_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wright61-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1853, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Mantell" title="Walter Mantell">Walter Mantell</a> purchased <a href="/wiki/Murihiku" title="Murihiku">Murihiku</a> from local Māori <a href="/wiki/Iwi" title="Iwi">iwi</a>, claiming the land for European settlement.<sup id="cite_ref-Wright140_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wright140-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Otago" title="Otago">Otago</a>, of which Southland was itself part, was the subject of planned settlement by the <a href="/wiki/Free_Church_of_Scotland_(1843-1900)" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Church of Scotland (1843-1900)">Free Church of Scotland</a>, an offshoot of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland" title="Church of Scotland">Church of Scotland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-King171_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-King171-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Settlement broadened with the discovery of gold in <a href="/wiki/Central_Otago" title="Central Otago">Central Otago</a> in the 1860s. Traces of Scottish speech persist in Southland voices, with R often pronounced with a rolling burr. This is more noticeable among country people. </p><p>In 1856, a petition was put forward to <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gore_Browne" title="Thomas Gore Browne">Thomas Gore Browne</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_New_Zealand" title="Governor-General of New Zealand">Governor of New Zealand</a>, for a port at Bluff. Due to the Otago gold rush, the region's population grew during the 1860s with the settlement of <a href="/wiki/Bluff,_New_Zealand" title="Bluff, New Zealand">Bluff</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wright148_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wright148-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Browne agreed to the petition and gave the name Invercargill to the settlement north of the port. The settlement's chief surveyor was <a href="/wiki/John_Turnbull_Thomson" title="John Turnbull Thomson">John Turnbull Thomson</a>, a British civil engineer.<sup id="cite_ref-stimes_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stimes-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under the influence of <a href="/wiki/James_Alexander_Robertson_Menzies" class="mw-redirect" title="James Alexander Robertson Menzies">James Menzies</a>, Southland Province (a small part of the present Region, centred on Invercargill) seceded from Otago in 1861 following the escalation of political tensions. However, rising debt forced Southland to rejoin Otago in 1870 and the provincial system, and with it the province of Otago, was abolished entirely in 1876.<sup id="cite_ref-Wright237_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wright237-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This debt was caused by a population decline stemming from poor returns from pastoral farming. In 1874, Invercargill's population was less than 2,500, which reflected the drift north to large centres.<sup id="cite_ref-Wright237_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wright237-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1880s, the development of an export industry based on butter and cheese encouraged the growth of <a href="/wiki/Dairy_farming" title="Dairy farming">dairy farming</a> in Southland.<sup id="cite_ref-King238_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-King238-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 6 August 1884, a group of women gathered together in the Don Street Primitive Methodist Church to form a local branch of the <a href="/wiki/Woman%27s_Christian_Temperance_Union" title="Woman's Christian Temperance Union">Woman's Christian Temperance Union</a>. <a href="/wiki/Eliza_Ann_Brown" title="Eliza Ann Brown">Eliza Ann Brown</a>, wife of Charles W. Brown (who that same year co-founded the local <a href="/wiki/Independent_Order_of_Rechabites" title="Independent Order of Rechabites">Independent Order of Rechabites</a>), led the group to establish eight main objectives, which included gathering signatures for a petition for women's suffrage.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was the first all-women's organisation established in New Zealand. After affiliating with the new national organisation, the Women's Christian Temperance Union of New Zealand, under the guidance of world missionary <a href="/wiki/Mary_Greenleaf_Clement_Leavitt" title="Mary Greenleaf Clement Leavitt">Mary C. Leavitt</a>, Roberta Annie Hinton, wife of the new Baptist minister, led the new club as it worked to strengthen the temperance movement in the area and support the needs of women and children across the nation.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1897, a founding member of this first branch of the WCTU Invercargill, Mrs. Elizabeth Stephen Baird, led the establishment of the Victoria Home for Friendless Girls.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 1905, Invercargill voted in local <a href="/wiki/Prohibition" title="Prohibition">prohibition</a> of alcohol sales. This lasted for 40 years until voted out by returning servicemen in the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>. Drinking continued meanwhile, thanks to hotels and liquor merchants in outlying districts, huge volumes of beer, often in kegs, brought to private homes, or sold by the glass by keggers at hiding spots round the city. When prohibition ended, a committee of citizens persuaded the Government to give the monopoly on liquor sales in Invercargill to the specially formed <a href="/wiki/Invercargill_Licensing_Trust" title="Invercargill Licensing Trust">Invercargill Licensing Trust</a>. Based on a scheme in <a href="/wiki/Carlisle,_Cumbria" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlisle, Cumbria">Carlisle</a>, England, it returns profits to city amenities. Even today, alcohol is not sold in supermarkets. </p><p>Publicity has been brought to the city by the election of <a href="/wiki/Tim_Shadbolt" title="Tim Shadbolt">Tim Shadbolt</a>, a colourful and outspoken former student activist and former mayor of <a href="/wiki/Waitemata_City" title="Waitemata City">Waitemata City</a>, as mayor. He once appeared in a cheese advertisement stating "I don't mind where, as long as I'm Mayor". His supporters like the colour he brings to the city. His opponents refer to his controversial mayoral career in the <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a> suburbs and to his attitude to veterans during his opposition to the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>. Publicity and students have also come to the city by the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Institute_of_Technology" title="Southern Institute of Technology">Southern Institute of Technology</a>'s "Zero Fees" scheme, which allows New Zealand citizens and permanent residents to study while only paying for material costs of their study, and not tuition fees. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invercargill&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Invercargill" title="Special:EditPage/Invercargill">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ISS_Invercargill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/ISS_Invercargill.jpg/220px-ISS_Invercargill.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/ISS_Invercargill.jpg/330px-ISS_Invercargill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/ISS_Invercargill.jpg/440px-ISS_Invercargill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="679" /></a><figcaption>Invercargill pictured from the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parque_De_La_Reina,_Invercargill,_Nueva_Zelanda_-_panoramio_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Parque_De_La_Reina%2C_Invercargill%2C_Nueva_Zelanda_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg/220px-Parque_De_La_Reina%2C_Invercargill%2C_Nueva_Zelanda_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Parque_De_La_Reina%2C_Invercargill%2C_Nueva_Zelanda_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg/330px-Parque_De_La_Reina%2C_Invercargill%2C_Nueva_Zelanda_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Parque_De_La_Reina%2C_Invercargill%2C_Nueva_Zelanda_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg/440px-Parque_De_La_Reina%2C_Invercargill%2C_Nueva_Zelanda_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="3216" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Queens_Park,_Invercargill" title="Queens Park, Invercargill">Queens Park</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Invercargill is the southernmost city in the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a>. Invercargill is situated on the fertile and alluvial <a href="/wiki/Southland_Plains" title="Southland Plains">Southland Plains</a>, which is amongst some of New Zealand's most fertile farmland. Southern Invercargill lies on the shore of the <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Creti_River" title="Ōreti River">New River Estuary</a>, while the northern parts lie on the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Waihopai_River_(Southland)" title="Waihopai River (Southland)">Waihopai River</a>. A tributary of the Waihopai is the Otepuni Stream or Creek, which flows from east to west through the city, through <b>Otepuni Gardens</b>, and under the railway yards. 10 kilometres west of the city centre lies <a href="/wiki/Oreti_Beach" title="Oreti Beach">Oreti Beach</a>, a long expanse of sand stretching from the Sandy Point area to nearby <a href="/wiki/Riverton,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Riverton, New Zealand">Riverton</a>. </p><p>Invercargill has a <a href="/wiki/Temperate" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate">temperate</a> <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic climate</a>. The mean daily temperature ranges from 5.2 °C (41.4 °F) in July to 14 °C (57 °F) in January. The yearly mean temperature is 9.8 °C (49.6 °F). Rainfall averages 1,112 millimetres (43.8 in) annually, and measurable snowfall is occasionally seen during the winter months of June to September. It ties with neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin">Dunedin</a> as the cloudiest city in New Zealand, with only 1,680 hours of sunshine per annum. Despite its cloudiness, and a relatively high frequency of rainy days, Invercargill receives less rain than either Auckland or Wellington. Invercargill is also New Zealand's second-windiest city, after Wellington. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suburbs">Suburbs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invercargill&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Suburbs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Inner Invercargill suburbs:</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li>Invercargill C.B.D.<sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appleby,_Invercargill" title="Appleby, Invercargill">Appleby</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ascot,_New_Zealand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ascot, New Zealand (page does not exist)">Ascot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avenal,_New_Zealand" title="Avenal, New Zealand">Avenal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifton,_Invercargill" title="Clifton, Invercargill">Clifton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgetown,_Southland" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgetown, Southland">Georgetown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladstone,_Invercargill" title="Gladstone, Invercargill">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glengarry,_New_Zealand" title="Glengarry, New Zealand">Glengarry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grasmere,_New_Zealand" title="Grasmere, New Zealand">Grasmere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hargest,_New_Zealand" title="Hargest, New Zealand">Hargest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawthorndale" title="Hawthorndale">Hawthorndale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg,_New_Zealand" title="Heidelberg, New Zealand">Heidelberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kew,_Invercargill" title="Kew, Invercargill">Kew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingswell,_New_Zealand" title="Kingswell, New Zealand">Kingswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newfield,_New_Zealand" title="Newfield, New Zealand">Newfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prestonville,_New_Zealand" title="Prestonville, New Zealand">Prestonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Invercargill" title="Richmond, Invercargill">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockdale,_New_Zealand" title="Rockdale, New Zealand">Rockdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosedale,_Invercargill" title="Rosedale, Invercargill">Rosedale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strathern,_New_Zealand" title="Strathern, New Zealand">Strathern</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waihopai,_New_Sealand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waihopai, New Sealand (page does not exist)">Waihopai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waikiwi" title="Waikiwi">Waikiwi</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waverley,_Invercargill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waverley, Invercargill (page does not exist)">Waverley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Invercargill" title="West Invercargill">West Invercargill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Invercargill" title="Windsor, Invercargill">Windsor</a></li></ul> </div> <p><b>Outer Invercargill localities:</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Awarua,_Invercargill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Awarua, Invercargill (page does not exist)">Awarua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awarua_Plains" title="Awarua Plains">Awarua Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluff,_New_Zealand" title="Bluff, New Zealand">Bluff</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhills,_New_Zealand" title="Greenhills, New Zealand">Greenhills</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpoint,_New_Zealand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenpoint, New Zealand (page does not exist)">Greenpoint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennington,_New_Zealand" title="Kennington, New Zealand">Kennington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorneville,_New_Zealand" title="Lorneville, New Zealand">Lorneville</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mill_Road,_New_Zealand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mill Road, New Zealand (page does not exist)">Mill Road</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motu_Rimu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Motu Rimu (page does not exist)">Motu Rimu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myross_Bush" title="Myross Bush">Myross Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ocean_Beach,_Southland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ocean Beach, Southland (page does not exist)">Ocean Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omaui" title="Omaui">Omaui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oreti_Beach" title="Oreti Beach">Oreti Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otatara" title="Otatara">Otatara</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sandy_Point,_New_Zealand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sandy Point, New Zealand (page does not exist)">Sandy Point</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seaward_Bush&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seaward Bush (page does not exist)">Seaward Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taramoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taramoa (page does not exist)">Taramoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tisbury,_New_Zealand" title="Tisbury, New Zealand">Tisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiwai_Point" title="Tiwai Point">Tiwai Point</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Underwood,_Invercargill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Underwood, Invercargill (page does not exist)">Underwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Plains,_New_Zealand" title="West Plains, New Zealand">West Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waimatua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waimatua (page does not exist)">Waimatua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodend,_Southland" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodend, Southland">Woodend</a></li></ul> </div> <p><sup>1</sup> - major settlement </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invercargill&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The average temperature high ranges from 18.7 °C (65.7 °F) in January to 9.5 °C (49.1 °F) in July, but temperatures do occasionally exceed 25 °C (77 °F) in summer. Invercargill's hottest temperature on record was 33.8 °C (92.8 °F), recorded on 2 January 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Extended periods of heat are rare; however, January 2018 was notable for the city recording three consecutive days above 30 for the first time in its recorded history, peaking with the city's second-highest temperature on record of 32.3 °C (90.1 °F) on 14 January 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like other urban areas in New Zealand, Invercargill sometimes experiences an urban heat island effect; temperatures are slightly higher within the inner-city regions compared to the surrounding countryside. This is typically between 1-2°C and depends on factors like wind speed and cloud cover. <sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Owing to its relatively high latitude (46° 24′), the city enjoys nearly 16 hours of daylight at the summer <a href="/wiki/Solstice" title="Solstice">solstice</a> in late December, with <a href="/wiki/Night" title="Night">astronomical night</a> lasting as little as 2.5 hours. Conversely, the city receives only around 8.5 hours of daylight at the winter solstice in late June.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Invercargill is the "City of Water and Light". The "light" refers to the long summer twilights and the <a href="/wiki/Aurora_australis" class="mw-redirect" title="Aurora australis">aurora australis</a> (southern lights). The "water" reference, humorists suggest, comes from notorious horizontal, driving rain in high wind at the corner of the two main streets, Dee and Tay. A recent sign also states, "Invercargill, where dreams can come true" with an image from the 2005 film <i><a href="/wiki/The_World%27s_Fastest_Indian" title="The World's Fastest Indian">The World's Fastest Indian</a></i>. </p><p>In September 2010, Invercargill's heaviest snowfall in living memory heralded a run of unseasonably cold weather. A few buildings were damaged, notably <a href="/wiki/Stadium_Southland" class="mw-redirect" title="Stadium Southland">Stadium Southland</a>, the roof of which collapsed under the weight of the snow; and a decorating store. Many other stores were shut, and <a href="/wiki/Invercargill_Airport" title="Invercargill Airport">Invercargill Airport</a> was closed for a day.<sup id="cite_ref-Stuff.co.nz_4144269_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stuff.co.nz_4144269-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Invercargill (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1905–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF3500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.8<br />(92.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.1<br />(89.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.4<br />(86.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.1<br />(79.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8<br />(74.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4<br />(66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6<br />(69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8<br />(71.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.3<br />(73.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.9<br />(78.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.3<br />(82.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.1<br />(88.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3500; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">33.8<br />(92.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9<br />(80.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.6<br />(79.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9<br />(76.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4<br />(70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3<br />(64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8<br />(58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB872; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.7<br />(58.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.4<br />(61.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4<br />(66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8<br />(71.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.5<br />(74.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.1<br />(79.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">28.6<br />(83.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9<br />(66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.7<br />(65.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5<br />(63.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0<br />(59.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.5<br />(54.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0<br />(50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6<br />(49.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1<br />(52.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0<br />(55.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4<br />(57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8<br />(60.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9<br />(64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.5<br />(58.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFBC79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.2<br />(57.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1<br />(57.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC68D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.7<br />(54.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5<br />(50.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4CA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3<br />(46.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0<br />(42.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4<br />(41.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6<br />(43.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE3C7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5<br />(47.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0<br />(50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3<br />(52.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.3<br />(55.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.1<br />(50.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFDCBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5<br />(49.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4<br />(48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8<br />(46.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0<br />(42.8) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.1<br />(39.4) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0<br />(35.6) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1<br />(34.0) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2<br />(36.0) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9<br />(39.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.5<br />(41.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFEEDD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9<br />(44.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6<br />(47.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">5.6<br />(42.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0<br />(39.2) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2<br />(37.8) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7<br />(35.1) </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.4<br />(31.3) </td> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.6<br />(29.1) </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.4<br />(25.9) </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.6<br />(23.7) </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.4<br />(25.9) </td> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.4<br />(29.5) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1<br />(32.2) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4<br />(34.5) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0<br />(37.4) </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−4.9<br />(23.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.9<br />(30.4) </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.4<br />(27.7) </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.4<br />(27.7) </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.9<br />(23.2) </td> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.9<br />(19.6) </td> <td style="background: #BEBEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.4<br />(18.7) </td> <td style="background: #B5B5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.1<br />(15.6) </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.0<br />(17.6) </td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.5<br />(23.9) </td> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.2<br />(26.2) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.0<br />(28.4) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.1<br />(30.0) </td> <td style="background: #B5B5FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−9.1<br />(15.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #7AFF7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88.7<br />(3.49) </td> <td style="background: #85FF85; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.2<br />(2.92) </td> <td style="background: #76FF76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.8<br />(3.61) </td> <td style="background: #75FF75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.5<br />(3.52) </td> <td style="background: #5DFF5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">108.4<br />(4.27) </td> <td style="background: #6CFF6C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95.1<br />(3.74) </td> <td style="background: #7BFF7B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88.0<br />(3.46) </td> <td style="background: #96FF96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.4<br />(2.77) </td> <td style="background: #73FF73; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90.4<br />(3.56) </td> <td style="background: #60FF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">106.2<br />(4.18) </td> <td style="background: #62FF62; color:#000000;" class="notheme">101.7<br />(4.00) </td> <td style="background: #74FF74; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92.9<br />(3.66) </td> <td style="background: #74FF74; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,097.3<br />(43.18) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #6363FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.6 </td> <td style="background: #6F6FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 </td> <td style="background: #6C6CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9 </td> <td style="background: #6464FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.1 </td> <td style="background: #4949FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.7 </td> <td style="background: #3A3AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.4 </td> <td style="background: #4D4DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.4 </td> <td style="background: #6767FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.3 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.5 </td> <td style="background: #4040FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.4 </td> <td style="background: #4747FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.4 </td> <td style="background: #5A5AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.3 </td> <td style="background: #5656FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">160.6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000C5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000B7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85.4 </td> <td style="background: #0000B2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000B4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000AD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">88.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000AB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">88.4 </td> <td style="background: #0000AB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">88.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000AD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">88.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000C2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000C5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000CE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79.4 </td> <td style="background: #0000D0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000BA; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">84.6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">200.1 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">175.7 </td> <td style="background: #C5C507; color:#000000;" class="notheme">152.2 </td> <td style="background: #B9B94B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">123.4 </td> <td style="background: #AAAAA5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94.6 </td> <td style="background: #9C9C9C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.9 </td> <td style="background: #ADAD93; color:#000000;" class="notheme">101.3 </td> <td style="background: #B8B850; color:#000000;" class="notheme">125.5 </td> <td style="background: #C4C40C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">145.7 </td> <td style="background: #CFCF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">175.4 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">186.2 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">201.6 </td> <td style="background: #C3C30E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,764.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: NIWA Climate Data<sup id="cite_ref-NIWA_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIWA-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Météo Climat <sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:908px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Invercargill_Panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panorama of Invercargill from the city's historic watertower. Queen's Park can be seen toward the right of the image."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Invercargill_Panorama.jpg/900px-Invercargill_Panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="900" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Invercargill_Panorama.jpg/1350px-Invercargill_Panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Invercargill_Panorama.jpg/1800px-Invercargill_Panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11996" data-file-height="1060" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Invercargill_Panorama.jpg" title="File:Invercargill Panorama.jpg"> </a></div>Panorama of Invercargill from the city's historic watertower. <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Park,_Invercargill" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Park, Invercargill">Queen's Park</a> can be seen toward the right of the image.</div></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Te_Anau" title="Te Anau">Te Anau</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fiordland_National_Park" title="Fiordland National Park">Fiordland National Park</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Winton,_New_Zealand" title="Winton, New Zealand">Winton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Queenstown,_New_Zealand" title="Queenstown, New Zealand">Queenstown</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gore,_New_Zealand" title="Gore, New Zealand">Gore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin">Dunedin</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Riverton,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Riverton, New Zealand">Riverton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fiordland_National_Park" title="Fiordland National Park">Fiordland National Park</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Invercargill</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/The_Catlins" title="The Catlins">The Catlins</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bluff,_New_Zealand" title="Bluff, New Zealand">Bluff</a></td> <td></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invercargill&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Invercargill City territorial authority covers 389.92 km<sup>2</sup> (150.55 sq mi)<sup id="cite_ref-Area_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Area-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and had an estimated population of 58,600 as of June 2024,<sup id="cite_ref-NZ_population_data_2018_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NZ_population_data_2018-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a population density of 150 people per km<sup>2</sup>. This comprises 51,700 people in the Invercargill urban area, 1,840 people in the <a href="/wiki/Bluff,_New_Zealand" title="Bluff, New Zealand">Bluff</a> urban area, and 5,060 people in the surrounding settlements and rural area. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2006</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">50,325</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2013</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">51,696</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.38%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2018</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">54,204</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.95%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2023</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">55,599</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.51%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: <sup id="cite_ref-Census_2018_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_2018-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Census_2023_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_2023-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2023_NZ_Census_Population_Density_-_Invercargill_City.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/2023_NZ_Census_Population_Density_-_Invercargill_City.png/220px-2023_NZ_Census_Population_Density_-_Invercargill_City.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/2023_NZ_Census_Population_Density_-_Invercargill_City.png/330px-2023_NZ_Census_Population_Density_-_Invercargill_City.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/2023_NZ_Census_Population_Density_-_Invercargill_City.png/440px-2023_NZ_Census_Population_Density_-_Invercargill_City.png 2x" data-file-width="1278" data-file-height="1497" /></a><figcaption>Population density in the 2023 census</figcaption></figure> <p>Invercargill City had a population of 55,599 in the <a href="/wiki/2023_New_Zealand_census" title="2023 New Zealand census">2023 New Zealand census</a>, an increase of 1,395 people (2.6%) since the <a href="/wiki/2018_New_Zealand_census" title="2018 New Zealand census">2018 census</a>, and an increase of 3,903 people (7.5%) since the <a href="/wiki/2013_New_Zealand_census" title="2013 New Zealand census">2013 census</a>. There were 27,255 males, 28,137 females and 210 people of <a href="/wiki/Non-binary_gender" title="Non-binary gender">other genders</a> in 22,326 dwellings.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 3.1% of people identified as <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ" title="LGBTQ">LGBTIQ+</a>. The median age was 40.0 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 10,233 people (18.4%) aged under 15 years, 10,035 (18.0%) aged 15 to 29, 25,083 (45.1%) aged 30 to 64, and 10,251 (18.4%) aged 65 or older.<sup id="cite_ref-Census_2023_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_2023-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 82.2% <a href="/wiki/European_New_Zealanders" title="European New Zealanders">European</a> (<a href="/wiki/P%C4%81keh%C4%81" title="Pākehā">Pākehā</a>); 19.4% <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a>; 4.7% <a href="/wiki/Pasifika_New_Zealanders" title="Pasifika New Zealanders">Pasifika</a>; 7.6% <a href="/wiki/Asian_New_Zealanders" title="Asian New Zealanders">Asian</a>; 1.3% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 2.5% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English was spoken by 97.1%, Māori language by 3.7%, Samoan by 0.8% and other languages by 7.8%. No language could be spoken by 1.9% (e.g. too young to talk). <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Sign_Language" title="New Zealand Sign Language">New Zealand Sign Language</a> was known by 0.6%. The percentage of people born overseas was 14.8, compared with 28.8% nationally. </p><p>Religious affiliations were 33.0% <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_New_Zealand" title="Christianity in New Zealand">Christian</a>, 1.1% <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_New_Zealand" title="Hinduism in New Zealand">Hindu</a>, 0.6% <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_New_Zealand" title="Islam in New Zealand">Islam</a>, 0.6% <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_religious_beliefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori religious beliefs">Māori religious beliefs</a>, 0.6% <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_New_Zealand" title="Buddhism in New Zealand">Buddhist</a>, 0.4% <a href="/wiki/New_Age" title="New Age">New Age</a>, and 1.3% other religions. People who answered that they had <a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_New_Zealand" title="Irreligion in New Zealand">no religion</a> were 54.6%, and 8.1% of people did not answer the census question. </p><p>Of those at least 15 years old, 5,988 (13.2%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 25,002 (55.1%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 12,597 (27.8%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $39,900, compared with $41,500 nationally. 3,627 people (8.0%) earned over $100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 23,430 (51.6%) people were employed full-time, 6,246 (13.8%) were part-time, and 1,167 (2.6%) were unemployed.<sup id="cite_ref-Census_2023_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_2023-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urban_area">Urban area</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invercargill&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Urban area"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Invercargill urban area covers 62.95 km<sup>2</sup> (24.31 sq mi)<sup id="cite_ref-Area_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Area-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and had an estimated population of 51,700 as of June 2024,<sup id="cite_ref-NZ_population_data_2018_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NZ_population_data_2018-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a population density of 821 people per km<sup>2</sup>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236656977"><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2013</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">45,531</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2018</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">47,844</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.00%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2023</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">48,987</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.47%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: <sup id="cite_ref-Census_2023_UA_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_2023_UA-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Invercargill had a population of 48,987 in the <a href="/wiki/2023_New_Zealand_census" title="2023 New Zealand census">2023 New Zealand census</a>, an increase of 1,143 people (2.4%) since the <a href="/wiki/2018_New_Zealand_census" title="2018 New Zealand census">2018 census</a>, and an increase of 3,456 people (7.6%) since the <a href="/wiki/2013_New_Zealand_census" title="2013 New Zealand census">2013 census</a>. There were 23,877 males, 24,930 females and 183 people of <a href="/wiki/Non-binary_gender" title="Non-binary gender">other genders</a> in 19,752 dwellings.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 3.2% of people identified as <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ" title="LGBTQ">LGBTIQ+</a>. The median age was 39.2 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 9,048 people (18.5%) aged under 15 years, 9,120 (18.6%) aged 15 to 29, 21,783 (44.5%) aged 30 to 64, and 9,036 (18.4%) aged 65 or older.<sup id="cite_ref-Census_2023_UA_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_2023_UA-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 81.4% <a href="/wiki/European_New_Zealanders" title="European New Zealanders">European</a> (<a href="/wiki/P%C4%81keh%C4%81" title="Pākehā">Pākehā</a>); 18.8% <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a>; 4.9% <a href="/wiki/Pasifika_New_Zealanders" title="Pasifika New Zealanders">Pasifika</a>; 8.3% <a href="/wiki/Asian_New_Zealanders" title="Asian New Zealanders">Asian</a>; 1.4% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 2.4% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English was spoken by 96.9%, Māori language by 3.8%, Samoan by 0.8% and other languages by 8.4%. No language could be spoken by 2.0% (e.g. too young to talk). <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Sign_Language" title="New Zealand Sign Language">New Zealand Sign Language</a> was known by 0.6%. The percentage of people born overseas was 15.6, compared with 28.8% nationally. </p><p>Religious affiliations were 33.4% <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_New_Zealand" title="Christianity in New Zealand">Christian</a>, 1.2% <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_New_Zealand" title="Hinduism in New Zealand">Hindu</a>, 0.7% <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_New_Zealand" title="Islam in New Zealand">Islam</a>, 0.6% <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_religious_beliefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori religious beliefs">Māori religious beliefs</a>, 0.6% <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_New_Zealand" title="Buddhism in New Zealand">Buddhist</a>, 0.4% <a href="/wiki/New_Age" title="New Age">New Age</a>, and 1.3% other religions. People who answered that they had <a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_New_Zealand" title="Irreligion in New Zealand">no religion</a> were 54.1%, and 7.9% of people did not answer the census question. </p><p>Of those at least 15 years old, 5,388 (13.5%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 21,870 (54.8%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 11,079 (27.7%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $39,500, compared with $41,500 nationally. 3,042 people (7.6%) earned over $100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 20,550 (51.5%) people were employed full-time, 5,400 (13.5%) were part-time, and 1,053 (2.6%) were unemployed.<sup id="cite_ref-Census_2023_UA_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_2023_UA-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invercargill&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local">Local</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invercargill&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Local"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Invercargill_City_Council" title="Invercargill City Council">Invercargill City Council</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Invercargill" title="Mayor of Invercargill">Mayor of Invercargill</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Invercargill_City_Council" title="Invercargill City Council">Invercargill City Council</a> governs the territorial authority of Invercargill. It is made up of an elected mayor and 12 additional councillors. They are elected under the <a href="/wiki/First_Past_the_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="First Past the Post">First Past the Post</a> system in triennial elections, with the last election being held in <a href="/wiki/2022_New_Zealand_local_elections" title="2022 New Zealand local elections">2022</a>. The current mayor is <a href="/wiki/Nobby_Clark_(politician)" title="Nobby Clark (politician)">Nobby Clark</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Invercargill_water_tower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Invercargill_water_tower.jpg/170px-Invercargill_water_tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Invercargill_water_tower.jpg/255px-Invercargill_water_tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Invercargill_water_tower.jpg/340px-Invercargill_water_tower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Invercargill Water Tower</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National">National</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invercargill&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: National"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The electorate of <a href="/wiki/Invercargill_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Invercargill (New Zealand electorate)">Invercargill</a> in the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament">New Zealand Parliament</a> is held by <a href="/wiki/Penny_Simmonds" title="Penny Simmonds">Penny Simmonds</a>, a Member of Parliament and Minister from the government party <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party" title="New Zealand National Party">National Party</a>. Under the <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_electorates" title="Māori electorates">Māori electorates</a> system, Invercargill is part of the large <a href="/wiki/Te_Tai_Tonga_(New_Zealand_electorate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Te Tai Tonga (New Zealand electorate)">Te Tai Tonga</a> electorate, which covers the entire South Island and the surrounding islands, and is currently held by the <a href="/wiki/Te_P%C4%81ti_M%C4%81ori" title="Te Pāti Māori">Te Pāti Māori</a> MP <a href="/wiki/T%C4%81kuta_Ferris" title="Tākuta Ferris">Tākuta Ferris</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invercargill&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Invercargill is home to the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Institute_of_Technology" title="Southern Institute of Technology">Southern Institute of Technology</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Kirkpatrick48_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirkpatrick48-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which has introduced a zero-fees scheme.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The scheme was partly responsible for rejuvenating the city when it was in a steady state of population decline. However the major factor in Invercargill's regrowth is the dairy industrial boom of the 2000s (decade) due to an increased demand for New Zealand milk, cheese and butter. New dairy factories have opened around the Southland Region, as well as more efficient <a href="/wiki/Meat_processing" class="mw-redirect" title="Meat processing">meat processing</a> works and research and development facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Invercargill is on the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Scenic_Route" title="Southern Scenic Route">Southern Scenic Route</a> (tourist road), allowing day trips to <a href="/wiki/Queenstown,_New_Zealand" title="Queenstown, New Zealand">Queenstown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stewart_Island" title="Stewart Island">Stewart Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin">Dunedin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Te_Anau" title="Te Anau">Te Anau</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fiordland" title="Fiordland">Fiordland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Grant_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grant-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liquor_licensing_trusts">Liquor licensing trusts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invercargill&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Liquor licensing trusts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Invercargill_Licensing_Trust" title="Invercargill Licensing Trust">Invercargill Licensing Trust</a> is one of several trusts in the city of Invercargill. The Invercargill Licensing Trust and the ILT Foundation are major funders of community projects in Invercargill. The ILT Foundation provides donations and grants totalling around $10 million a year to over 500 organisations. The trust has also been influential in the development of city facilities such as the <a href="/wiki/Stadium_Southland" class="mw-redirect" title="Stadium Southland">ILT Stadium Southland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Invercargill_ILT_Velodrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Invercargill ILT Velodrome">Invercargill Velodrome</a>. The trust are also big-time backers of local sporting franchises the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Steel_(netball)" title="Southern Steel (netball)">Southern Steel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southland_Sharks" title="Southland Sharks">Southland Sharks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southland_Stags" class="mw-redirect" title="Southland Stags">Southland Stags</a>. </p><p>The Community Trust of Southland was established after <a href="/wiki/Westpac" title="Westpac">Westpac</a> bought out the Trust Bank Southland in the late 1990s. It was sold for approximately $150 million, with those funds now being set aside for the people of the Southland regions, including <a href="/wiki/Queenstown,_New_Zealand" title="Queenstown, New Zealand">Queenstown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arrowtown" title="Arrowtown">Arrowtown</a> and Tapanui. It is widely recognised as one of New Zealand's leading community trusts, with the benefit of a large capital base for a relatively small population. Consequently, the Trust provides significant funding to a wide range of projects and programmes. Each year, it distributes between $7 and $10 million in the region, not including the large sums given to sports franchises and building projects and since its inception has distributed close to $140 million in grants. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brewing">Brewing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invercargill&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Brewing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Invercargill was home to <a href="/wiki/Invercargill_Brewery" title="Invercargill Brewery">Invercargill Brewery</a>, the southernmost manufacturer of <a href="/wiki/Beer_in_New_Zealand" title="Beer in New Zealand">beer in New Zealand</a>. Established in 1999, it was an internationally award-winning production brewery which also contract brews for other iconic New Zealand breweries, including <a href="/wiki/Yeastie_Boys" title="Yeastie Boys">Yeastie Boys</a>. The company went into receivership in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invercargill&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Invercargill has a growing tourism sector.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Attractions such as E Hayes, Bill Richardson Transport World, Dig This and Classic Motorcycle Mecca attract people to the area.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Banking">Banking</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invercargill&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Banking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/SBS_Bank" title="SBS Bank">SBS Bank</a>, or the Southland Building Society, is a New Zealand-based financial institution that traces its roots back to 1869. Originally established as a building society in Invercargill by <a href="/wiki/James_Walker_Bain" title="James Walker Bain">James Walker Bain</a> to help local communities achieve their financial goals, SBS Bank has evolved into a full-service bank offering a wide range of banking and financial products. With its headquarters in Invercargill. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invercargill&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Murihiku Marae is located in Invercargill. It is a <i><a href="/wiki/Marae" title="Marae">marae</a></i> (meeting ground) of the Waihōpai Rūnanga branch of <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81i_Tahu" title="Ngāi Tahu">Ngāi Tahu</a>, and includes Te Rakitauneke <i><a href="/wiki/Wharenui" title="Wharenui">wharenui</a></i> (meeting house).<sup id="cite_ref-tkmentry_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tkmentry-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-maorimaps_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maorimaps-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the late 1880s a small periodical called <i>Literary Southland</i> contained stories as well as memoirs of the pioneering days of the region.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The publication was distributed from a store in the northern end of Invercargill. While largely forgotten today, it was considered relatively popular at the time, if at times controversial.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invercargill&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rugby_Park_Invercargill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Rugby_Park_Invercargill.jpg/220px-Rugby_Park_Invercargill.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Rugby_Park_Invercargill.jpg/330px-Rugby_Park_Invercargill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Rugby_Park_Invercargill.jpg/440px-Rugby_Park_Invercargill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2016" data-file-height="1344" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rugby_Park_Stadium" title="Rugby Park Stadium">Rugby Park Stadium</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Southern_Sting" title="Southern Sting">Southern Sting</a> (Netball- Now Southern Steel) won seven National titles from 1999 to 2004, 2007, while the local rugby team the Southland Stags held the <a href="/wiki/Ranfurly_Shield" title="Ranfurly Shield">Ranfurly Shield</a> from 22 October 2009 to 9 October 2010 and have made the NPC Semi-finals for the past three years. Southland also has one of the highest percentages of sports participants in the country, with codes such as <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby union</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netball" title="Netball">netball</a>, basketball, <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Field_hockey" title="Field hockey">hockey</a> being popular. Many professional sportsmen too, have come out of Southland as well. Invercargill also has some high quality sporting facilities, including an <a href="/wiki/Invercargill_ILT_Velodrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Invercargill ILT Velodrome">indoor velodrome</a>, an Olympic sized swimming centre, a <a href="/wiki/Rugby_Park_Stadium" title="Rugby Park Stadium">20,000 capacity rugby stadium</a> and also international playing arenas for both hockey and cricket. The city's <a href="/wiki/Stadium_Southland" class="mw-redirect" title="Stadium Southland">4500 capacity indoor stadium</a> was severely damaged in 2010, its roof collapsing following a heavy snowfall.<sup id="cite_ref-stuff.co.nz_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stuff.co.nz-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Southland also has four professional sporting sides that are based in Invercargill: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southland_Rugby_Football_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Southland Rugby Football Union">Southland Stags</a> (Rugby)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southland_Spirit_FC" class="mw-redirect" title="Southland Spirit FC">Spirit FC</a> (Association Football)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Steel_(netball)" title="Southern Steel (netball)">Southern Steel</a> (Netball)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southland_Sharks" title="Southland Sharks">Southland Sharks</a> (Basketball)</li></ul> <p>Invercargill is home to the only indoor cycling <a href="/wiki/Velodrome" title="Velodrome">velodrome</a> in the South Island. The indoor 250 metres wooden velodrome is home to <a href="/wiki/Track_Cycling" class="mw-redirect" title="Track Cycling">Track Cycling</a> in Southland. The <a href="/wiki/Invercargill_Licensing_Trust" title="Invercargill Licensing Trust">Invercargill Licensing Trust</a> supports the velodrome which is situated at <a href="/wiki/Stadium_Southland" class="mw-redirect" title="Stadium Southland">Stadium Southland</a>, a large indoor sports complex located at <a href="/wiki/Surrey_Park" title="Surrey Park">Surrey Park</a>. </p><p>For horse racing aficionados there is a racecourse in the aptly named Racecourse Road, on the east side of the city. </p><p>Two <a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_speedway" title="Motorcycle speedway">motorcycle speedway</a> tracks are located within 1 kilometre of each other, and 10 kilometres west from the centre of the city by Oreti Beach. The <a href="/wiki/Oreti_Park_Speedway" title="Oreti Park Speedway">Oreti Park Speedway</a> and the Riverside Speedway both host important events, the former has held qualifying rounds of the <a href="/wiki/Speedway_World_Championship" title="Speedway World Championship">Speedway World Championship</a> in 1976 and 1983<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Solo_Championship" title="New Zealand Solo Championship">New Zealand Solo Championship</a> six times.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Music">Music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invercargill&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The "<a href="/wiki/Invercargill_March" title="Invercargill March">Invercargill March</a>", an internationally famous tune, was written by <a href="/wiki/Alex_Lithgow" title="Alex Lithgow">Alex Lithgow</a>, who attended Invercargill Grammar School (now Middle School). In his book <i>Invercargill – 150 Years</i>, <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Esler" title="Lloyd Esler">Lloyd Esler</a>'s opening sentence reads, "Invercargill was done a fine favour by Alex Lithgow who named his famous march after his boyhood home. The Invercargill March is possibly the best advertisement the town has ever had as the work is a brass-band favourite and the word 'Invercargill' is whispered amongst audiences worldwide. There is only one Invercargill in the world – this one". </p><p>When Invercargill hosted the national brass band contest in 1909, Alex's brother Tom asked for a test piece for the contest and Alex offered this piece to the city. On the music he wrote, </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>To Invercargill, the Southernmost City in New Zealand (End of the World), and its Citizens, I dedicate this March as a memento of the many pleasant years spent there in my boyhood.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Alex Lithgow</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invercargill&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Southland,_New_Zealand#Invercargill_City" class="mw-redirect" title="List of schools in Southland, New Zealand">List of schools in Southland, New Zealand § Invercargill City</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tuatara_southland_museum_invercargill_new_zealand.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Tuatara_southland_museum_invercargill_new_zealand.jpg/220px-Tuatara_southland_museum_invercargill_new_zealand.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Tuatara_southland_museum_invercargill_new_zealand.jpg/330px-Tuatara_southland_museum_invercargill_new_zealand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Tuatara_southland_museum_invercargill_new_zealand.jpg/440px-Tuatara_southland_museum_invercargill_new_zealand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Tuatara" title="Tuatara">tuatara</a> at <a href="/wiki/Southland_Museum_and_Art_Gallery" title="Southland Museum and Art Gallery">Southland Museum and Art Gallery</a> </figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colleges">Colleges</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invercargill&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Colleges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The University of Otago College of Education has its southern most campus in Invercargill.</li> <li>Invercargill is home to the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Institute_of_Technology" title="Southern Institute of Technology">Southern Institute of Technology</a>, a polytechnic which provides undergraduate and postgraduate qualifications.</li> <li>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Wings_Aviation_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern Wings Aviation College (page does not exist)">Southern Wings Aviation College</a> which operates out of Invercargill airport provides aviation licence training and the New Zealand Diploma in Aviation.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="High_schools">High schools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invercargill&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: High schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>All high schools in Invercargill are Year 7–13, following a <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(New_Zealand)" title="Ministry of Education (New Zealand)">Ministry of Education</a> review in 2004 that made most of Invercargill's primary schools Year 1–6, while also closing the Year 7–8 schools Rosedale Intermediate, Collingwood Intermediate and Tweedsmuir Junior High. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Hargest_College" title="James Hargest College">James Hargest College</a> is in northern Invercargill with about 1,800 pupils.<sup id="cite_ref-Stuff.co.nz_3032599_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stuff.co.nz_3032599-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurora_College_(Invercargill)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aurora College (Invercargill)">Aurora College</a> was established in 2005, after Mount Anglem College was closed in 2004.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southland_Girls%27_High_School" title="Southland Girls' High School">Southland Girls' High School</a> In 2005 became the first state Year 7–13 single-sex female school in New Zealand.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southland_Boys%27_High_School" title="Southland Boys' High School">Southland Boys' High School</a> In 2005 became the first state Year 7–13 single-sex male school in New Zealand.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdon_College" title="Verdon College">Verdon College</a> is a co-educational Catholic school with about 700 pupils.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_Wharekura_o_Arowhenua" title="Te Wharekura o Arowhenua">Te Wharekura o Arowhenua</a> A Māori school on Tweed street. Teaches years from 1–15.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_schools">Primary schools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invercargill&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Primary schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most primary schools are Year 1–6. </p> <ul><li>New River Primary School, co-ed school for Years 1–6 in South Invercargill area. Formerly Kew, South, Clarendon and Clifton Schools.</li> <li>St Joseph's, a small co-ed school for Years 1–6, a Catholic school near <a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Basilica,_Invercargill" title="St. Mary's Basilica, Invercargill">St Mary's Basilica</a>.</li> <li>St Theresa's, North Invercargill, a co-ed Catholic primary school.</li> <li>St Patrick's, Georgetown, a co-ed Catholic primary school.</li> <li>Ascot Community School, the only public co-ed school in Hawthorndale area.</li> <li>Fernworth Primary – co-ed school in Heidelberg area. Formerly St George and Elston Lea.</li> <li>Windsor North School, co-ed school in Rosedale area. Previously Invercargill North School.</li> <li>Waverley Park School, co-ed school in Waverley Park area.</li> <li>Waihopai School, co-ed school in Waihopai area.</li> <li>Salford School, co-ed school in Rosedale area.</li> <li>St John's Girls' School, Christian character</li> <li>Sacred Heart Primary School, North Road, Waikiwi, co-ed Special Character Catholic family school serving the northern suburbs of Waikiwi, Grasmere and Makarewa.</li> <li>Donovan Primary School, co-ed school Grasmere area. Formerly Grasmere, Waikiwi, West Plains. Current Principal is Peter Hopwood.</li> <li>Otatara Primary School, co-ed school in Otatara area.</li> <li>Myross Bush Primary School, co-ed school in Myross Bush area.</li> <li>Newfield Park School, co-ed school in Newfield</li> <li>Southland Adventist Christian School. A small co-ed school in the Waikiwi area. Formerly Seventh Day Adventist School. Christian Character.</li> <li>Middle School, co-ed school located in the middle of Invercargill</li> <li>Westmount School. A private (Brethren) school located in the Clarendon area.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invercargill&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Invercargill" title="Transport in Invercargill">Transport in Invercargill</a></div> <p>Invercargill has six bus routes operated by BusSmart INVERCARGILL: Clifton 1, Kingswell 2, Newfield 3, Hargest 4, Waverley 5 and Waikiwi 6. The bus routes depart the BusSmart Hub outside <a href="/wiki/Cotton_On_Group" title="Cotton On Group">Cotton On Group</a> Invercargill on Tay Street. BusSmart uses the <a href="/wiki/Bee_Card_(payment_card)" title="Bee Card (payment card)">Bee Card</a> used in most regions of New Zealand. There are no buses on Sundays or public holidays.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure_and_services">Infrastructure and services</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invercargill&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Infrastructure and services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main hospital in Invercargill is Southland Hospital, located in Kew. It is a public hospital operated by the Southern District Health Board. </p><p>The electricity distribution network in the majority of the Invercargill urban area is owned by Electricity Invercargill. The network in the suburbs of Waikiwi, Grasmere, Kew and Kingswell, as well as the surrounding rural area, is owned by The Power Company. Both networks are operated and maintained by Powernet.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Electricity is supplied from <a href="/wiki/Transpower_New_Zealand_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Transpower New Zealand Limited">Transpower</a>'s national grid at two substations: Invercargill (Racecourse Road) and North Makarewa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_residents">Notable residents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invercargill&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Notable residents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nathan_Cohen_rowing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Nathan_Cohen_rowing.jpg/180px-Nathan_Cohen_rowing.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Nathan_Cohen_rowing.jpg/270px-Nathan_Cohen_rowing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Nathan_Cohen_rowing.jpg/360px-Nathan_Cohen_rowing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1463" data-file-height="1347" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Cohen_(rower)" title="Nathan Cohen (rower)">Nathan Cohen</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marton_Csokas_by_andrew_maccoll.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Marton_Csokas_by_andrew_maccoll.jpg/180px-Marton_Csokas_by_andrew_maccoll.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Marton_Csokas_by_andrew_maccoll.jpg/270px-Marton_Csokas_by_andrew_maccoll.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Marton_Csokas_by_andrew_maccoll.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Marton_Csokas" title="Marton Csokas">Marton Csokas</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Arnett" title="Peter Arnett">Peter Arnett</a> – <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> war correspondent</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Beck" title="Peter Beck">Peter Beck</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rocket_Lab" title="Rocket Lab">Rocket Lab</a>, founder and CEO</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliza_Ann_Brown" title="Eliza Ann Brown">Eliza Ann Brown</a> - first president of the first WCTU organisation in New Zealand (1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Bulleid" title="Oliver Bulleid">Oliver Bulleid</a> – Railway locomotive designer and Chief Mechanical Engineer of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Railway_(Great_Britain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Railway (Great Britain)">Southern Railway</a>, born in Invercargill in 1882</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brian_Burke" class="mw-redirect" title="John Brian Burke">John Burke</a> – Mayor of Porirua</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnnie_Checketts" class="mw-redirect" title="Johnnie Checketts">Johnnie Checketts</a> – Silver Star, Wingco and Spitfire Ace</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Cohen_(rower)" title="Nathan Cohen (rower)">Nathan Cohen</a> – Olympic and two-time world champion rower</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Crawford-Crompton" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Crawford-Crompton">Bill Crawford-Crompton</a> – Silver Star, Air Vice Marshal and WW2 Commander and Ace</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Cox_(journalist)" title="Geoffrey Cox (journalist)">Geoffrey Cox</a> – Rhodes Scholar, Chief Intelligence Officer to General Freyberg in WWII, founded Britain's pioneering News at Ten on ITN.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marton_Csokas" title="Marton Csokas">Marton Csokas</a> – actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Cull" title="Dave Cull">Dave Cull</a> - former TV host and mayor of <a href="/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin">Dunedin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Davin" title="Dan Davin">Dan Davin</a> – author, editor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corey_Flynn" title="Corey Flynn">Corey Flynn</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_positions#Hooker" title="Rugby union positions">Hooker</a> for <a href="/wiki/All_Blacks" class="mw-redirect" title="All Blacks">All Blacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Godward" title="Ernest Godward">Ernest Godward</a> – inventor of the <a href="/wiki/Spiral_hairpin" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiral hairpin">spiral hairpin</a> and the petrol economiser</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dene_Halatau" title="Dene Halatau">Dene Halatau</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wests_Tigers" title="Wests Tigers">Wests Tigers</a> Utility in the <a href="/wiki/NRL" class="mw-redirect" title="NRL">NRL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hatch" title="Joseph Hatch">Joseph Hatch</a> – businessman, oil factor</li> <li>Brigadier <a href="/wiki/James_Hargest" title="James Hargest">James Hargest</a>; CBE, DSO & 2 bars, MC, ED, MP – New Zealand chief military officer for Southland and politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowena_Jackson" title="Rowena Jackson">Rowena Jackson</a> – <a href="/wiki/Royal_Ballet" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Ballet">Royal Ballet</a> <a href="/wiki/Prima_ballerina" class="mw-redirect" title="Prima ballerina">prima ballerina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Johnstone" title="Gerard Johnstone">Gerard Johnstone</a> - film director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Kerrison" title="Jason Kerrison">Jason Kerrison</a> – <a href="/wiki/Opshop" title="Opshop">Opshop</a> singer/songwriter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Knox" title="Chris Knox">Chris Knox</a> – musician, cartoonist, filmmaker</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendon_Leitch" title="Brendon Leitch">Brendon Leitch</a> – racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damon_Leitch" title="Damon Leitch">Damon Leitch</a> – racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Lithgow" title="Alex Lithgow">Alex Lithgow</a> – composer, musician, conductor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Manhire" title="Bill Manhire">Bill Manhire</a> – inaugural NZ poet laureate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_Manuel" title="Khan Manuel">Khan Manuel</a> – Guitarist/Composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burt_Munro" title="Burt Munro">Herbert James "Burt" Munro</a> – inventor, motorcycle enthusiast, racer and under-1000 cc land speed record holder</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Murray_(inventor)" title="Donald Murray (inventor)">Donald Murray</a> "Father of the Teletypewriter"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mils_Muliaina" title="Mils Muliaina">Mils Muliaina</a> – All Black</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Norris_(conductor)" title="Harry Norris (conductor)">Harry Norris</a> – music director of the <a href="/wiki/D%27Oyly_Carte_Opera_Company" title="D'Oyly Carte Opera Company">D'Oyly Carte Opera Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Oliver" title="Anton Oliver">Anton Oliver</a> – All Black</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Parry" title="Warren Parry">Warren Parry</a> – darts player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Pither" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert Pither">Herbert Pither</a> – aviation legend of Southland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Prentice" title="Suzanne Prentice">Suzanne Prentice</a> – musician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyce_Richardson" title="Boyce Richardson">Boyce Richardson</a> – journalist, author, filmmaker</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesley_Rumball" title="Lesley Rumball">Lesley Rumball</a> – former <a href="/wiki/Silver_Ferns" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver Ferns">Silver Ferns</a> Captain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Scully_(cyclist)" title="Tom Scully (cyclist)">Tom Scully</a> – cyclist, 2014 Commonwealth Gold Medallist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Shadbolt" title="Tim Shadbolt">Tim Shadbolt</a> - former mayor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Thomson" title="Glen Thomson">Glen Thomson</a> – cyclist, 1998 Commonwealth Gold Medallist, 1994 Commonwealth Bronze Medallist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Spencer" title="Victor Spencer">Victor Spencer</a> – last soldier to be executed in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, pardoned in 2005</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Strang_(inventor)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Strang (inventor)">David Strang</a> – inventor of instant coffee in 1890</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garfield_Todd" title="Garfield Todd">Garfield Todd</a> – <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Rhodesia" title="Prime Minister of Rhodesia">Prime Minister</a> of <a href="/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia" title="Southern Rhodesia">Southern Rhodesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Waldron" title="Jeremy Waldron">Jeremy Waldron</a> – legal and political philosopher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ward" title="Joseph Ward">Joseph Ward</a> – <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Prime Minister of New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Wilson_(sportsman)" title="Jeff Wilson (sportsman)">Jeff Wilson</a> – All Black and Black Cap ("<a href="/wiki/List_of_cricket_and_rugby_union_players" title="List of cricket and rugby union players">Double All Black</a>")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Yule" title="Bob Yule">Bob Yule</a> – WWII fighter pilot</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny_Simmonds" title="Penny Simmonds">Penny Simmonds</a> – New Zealand Politician</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sister_cities">Sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invercargill&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_sister_cities">Current sister cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invercargill&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Current sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kumagaya,_Saitama" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumagaya, Saitama">Kumagaya</a> (since 1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suqian" title="Suqian">Suqian</a> (since 2013)<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Former_sister_city">Former sister city</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invercargill&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Former sister city"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hobart" title="Hobart">Hobart</a><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invercargill&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Invercargill_Golf_Club" title="Invercargill Golf Club">Invercargill Golf Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invercargill_Rowing_Club" title="Invercargill Rowing Club">Invercargill Rowing Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invercargill_Rugby_Club_(Blues)" title="Invercargill Rugby Club (Blues)">Invercargill Rugby Club (Blues)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invercargill&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://icc.govt.nz/your-council/">https://icc.govt.nz/your-council/</a> Invercargill City Council, 'Your Council'</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NZ_population_data_2018-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NZ_population_data_2018_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NZ_population_data_2018_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NZ_population_data_2018_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aotearoa+Data+Explorer&rft.pub=Statistics+New+Zealand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexplore.data.stats.govt.nz%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInvercargill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609033527/http://www.tetaurawhiri.govt.nz/english/resources_e/list_placenames.shtml">"List of Place Names – Māori Language Resources"</a>. Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori – Māori Language Commission. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tetaurawhiri.govt.nz/english/resources_e/list_placenames.shtml">the original</a> on 9 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=List+of+Place+Names+%E2%80%93+M%C4%81ori+Language+Resources&rft.pub=Te+Taura+Whiri+i+te+Reo+M%C4%81ori+%E2%80%93+M%C4%81ori+Language+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tetaurawhiri.govt.nz%2Fenglish%2Fresources_e%2Flist_placenames.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInvercargill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stats.govt.nz/information-releases/2018-census-population-and-dwelling-counts">"2018 Census population and dwelling counts | Stats NZ"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2018+Census+population+and+dwelling+counts+%26%23124%3B+Stats+NZ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.govt.nz%2Finformation-releases%2F2018-census-population-and-dwelling-counts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInvercargill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wright224-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wright224_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wright (2009), p. 224</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://maoridictionary.co.nz/word/9041">"Waihōpai"</a>. <i>maoridictionary.co.nz</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kahurumanu.co.nz&rft.atitle=Waihopai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkahurumanu.co.nz%2Fatlas%3Ffind%3D%257B1205fd22-4152-e311-8212-005056970030%257D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInvercargill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/45729">"Waihopai"</a>. <i>gazetteer.linz.govt.nz</i>. <a href="/wiki/LINZ" class="mw-redirect" title="LINZ">LINZ</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Totals+by+topic+for+individuals%2C+%28RC%2C+TALB%2C+UR%2C+SA3%2C+SA2%2C+Ward%2C+Health%29%2C+2013%2C+2018%2C+and+2023+Censuses&rft.pages=Invercargill+City+%28075%29&rft.pub=Stats+NZ+-+Tatauranga+Aotearoa+-+Aotearoa+Data+Explorer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexplore.data.stats.govt.nz%2Fvis%3Ffs%5B0%5D%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%5Bds%5D%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%5Bid%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_008%26df%5Bag%5D%3DSTATSNZ%26df%5Bvs%5D%3D1.0%26dq%3Dhq011%252Bhq010%252Bhq009%252Bhq008%252Bhq007%252Bhq006%252Bhq005%252Bhq004%252Bhq003%252Bhq002%252Bhq001%252Bhq000%252Bws1%252Bsp99%252Bra80%252Bra08%252Bra07%252Bra06%252Bra05%252Bra01%252Bra04%252Bra03%252Bra02%252Bra00%252Brb1%252Bls66%252Bls03%252Bls02%252Bls05%252Bls04%252Bls01%252Beg6%252Beg5%252Beg4%252Beg3%252Beg2%252Beg1%252BbiTotal%252Bbi0%252Bbi1%252BasTotalLG%252Bas4%252Bas3%252Bas2%252Bas1%252Bws4%252Bws3%252Bws2%252Bge3%252Bge2%252Bge1%252Brc%252BasMed%252BegTotal%252BlsTotal%252BgeTotal%252BrbTotal%252BraTotal%252BhqTotal%252BibTotal%252Bibmed%252BwsTotal.075.2013%252B2018%252B2023%26to%5BTIME%5D%3Dfalse%26ly%5Brw%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_IND_003%26ly%5Bcl%5D%3DCEN23_YEAR_001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInvercargill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explore.data.stats.govt.nz/vis?fs%5b0%5d=2023%20Census%2C0%7CTotals%20by%20topic%23CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%23&pg=0&fc=Variable%20codes&bp=true&snb=9&df%5bds%5d=ds-nsiws-disseminate&df%5bid%5d=CEN23_TBT_005&df%5bag%5d=STATSNZ&df%5bvs%5d=1.0&dq=doTotal%2Bdo1.075.2023&ly%5brw%5d=CEN23_TBT_DWD_003">"Totals by topic for dwellings, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses"</a>. Stats NZ - Tatauranga Aotearoa - Aotearoa Data Explorer<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Totals+by+topic+for+dwellings%2C+%28RC%2C+TALB%2C+UR%2C+SA3%2C+SA2%2C+Ward%2C+Health%29%2C+2013%2C+2018%2C+and+2023+Censuses&rft.pub=Stats+NZ+-+Tatauranga+Aotearoa+-+Aotearoa+Data+Explorer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexplore.data.stats.govt.nz%2Fvis%3Ffs%5B0%5D%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%5Bds%5D%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%5Bid%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_005%26df%5Bag%5D%3DSTATSNZ%26df%5Bvs%5D%3D1.0%26dq%3DdoTotal%252Bdo1.075.2023%26ly%5Brw%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_DWD_003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInvercargill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census_2023_UA-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Census_2023_UA_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census_2023_UA_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census_2023_UA_31-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explore.data.stats.govt.nz/vis?fs%5b0%5d=2023%20Census%2C0%7CTotals%20by%20topic%23CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%23&pg=0&fc=Variable%20codes&bp=true&snb=9&df%5bds%5d=ds-nsiws-disseminate&df%5bid%5d=CEN23_TBT_008&df%5bag%5d=STATSNZ&df%5bvs%5d=1.0&dq=hq011%2Bhq010%2Bhq009%2Bhq008%2Bhq007%2Bhq006%2Bhq005%2Bhq004%2Bhq003%2Bhq002%2Bhq001%2Bhq000%2Bws1%2Bsp99%2Bra80%2Bra08%2Bra07%2Bra06%2Bra05%2Bra01%2Bra04%2Bra03%2Bra02%2Bra00%2Brb1%2Bls66%2Bls03%2Bls02%2Bls05%2Bls04%2Bls01%2Beg6%2Beg5%2Beg4%2Beg3%2Beg2%2Beg1%2BbiTotal%2Bbi0%2Bbi1%2BasTotalLG%2Bas4%2Bas3%2Bas2%2Bas1%2Bws4%2Bws3%2Bws2%2Bge3%2Bge2%2Bge1%2Brc%2BasMed%2BegTotal%2BlsTotal%2BgeTotal%2BrbTotal%2BraTotal%2BhqTotal%2BibTotal%2Bibmed%2BwsTotal.2278.2013%2B2018%2B2023&to%5bTIME%5d=false&ly%5brw%5d=CEN23_TBT_IND_003&ly%5bcl%5d=CEN23_YEAR_001">"Totals by topic for individuals, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses"</a>. Stats NZ - Tatauranga Aotearoa - Aotearoa Data Explorer. Invercargill (2278)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Totals+by+topic+for+individuals%2C+%28RC%2C+TALB%2C+UR%2C+SA3%2C+SA2%2C+Ward%2C+Health%29%2C+2013%2C+2018%2C+and+2023+Censuses&rft.pages=Invercargill+%282278%29&rft.pub=Stats+NZ+-+Tatauranga+Aotearoa+-+Aotearoa+Data+Explorer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexplore.data.stats.govt.nz%2Fvis%3Ffs%5B0%5D%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%5Bds%5D%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%5Bid%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_008%26df%5Bag%5D%3DSTATSNZ%26df%5Bvs%5D%3D1.0%26dq%3Dhq011%252Bhq010%252Bhq009%252Bhq008%252Bhq007%252Bhq006%252Bhq005%252Bhq004%252Bhq003%252Bhq002%252Bhq001%252Bhq000%252Bws1%252Bsp99%252Bra80%252Bra08%252Bra07%252Bra06%252Bra05%252Bra01%252Bra04%252Bra03%252Bra02%252Bra00%252Brb1%252Bls66%252Bls03%252Bls02%252Bls05%252Bls04%252Bls01%252Beg6%252Beg5%252Beg4%252Beg3%252Beg2%252Beg1%252BbiTotal%252Bbi0%252Bbi1%252BasTotalLG%252Bas4%252Bas3%252Bas2%252Bas1%252Bws4%252Bws3%252Bws2%252Bge3%252Bge2%252Bge1%252Brc%252BasMed%252BegTotal%252BlsTotal%252BgeTotal%252BrbTotal%252BraTotal%252BhqTotal%252BibTotal%252Bibmed%252BwsTotal.2278.2013%252B2018%252B2023%26to%5BTIME%5D%3Dfalse%26ly%5Brw%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_IND_003%26ly%5Bcl%5D%3DCEN23_YEAR_001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInvercargill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explore.data.stats.govt.nz/vis?fs%5b0%5d=2023%20Census%2C0%7CTotals%20by%20topic%23CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%23&pg=0&fc=Variable%20codes&bp=true&snb=9&df%5bds%5d=ds-nsiws-disseminate&df%5bid%5d=CEN23_TBT_005&df%5bag%5d=STATSNZ&df%5bvs%5d=1.0&dq=doTotal%2Bdo1.2278.2023&ly%5brw%5d=CEN23_TBT_DWD_003">"Totals by topic for dwellings, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses"</a>. Stats NZ - Tatauranga Aotearoa - Aotearoa Data Explorer<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Totals+by+topic+for+dwellings%2C+%28RC%2C+TALB%2C+UR%2C+SA3%2C+SA2%2C+Ward%2C+Health%29%2C+2013%2C+2018%2C+and+2023+Censuses&rft.pub=Stats+NZ+-+Tatauranga+Aotearoa+-+Aotearoa+Data+Explorer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexplore.data.stats.govt.nz%2Fvis%3Ffs%5B0%5D%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%5Bds%5D%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%5Bid%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_005%26df%5Bag%5D%3DSTATSNZ%26df%5Bvs%5D%3D1.0%26dq%3DdoTotal%252Bdo1.2278.2023%26ly%5Brw%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_DWD_003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInvercargill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kirkpatrick48-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kirkpatrick48_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Russell Kirkpatrick (2005), plate 48</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrant2009" class="citation web cs1">Grant, David (2 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teara.govt.nz/en/southland-region/10">"Southland region – Government, education and health"</a>. Te Ara<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Southland+region+%E2%80%93+Government%2C+education+and+health&rft.pub=Te+Ara&rft.date=2009-03-02&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fsouthland-region%2F10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInvercargill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrant2009" class="citation web cs1">Grant, David (2 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teara.govt.nz/en/southland-region/8">"Southland region – Farming: 1950s to present day"</a>. Te Ara<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Southland+region+%E2%80%93+Farming%3A+1950s+to+present+day&rft.pub=Te+Ara&rft.date=2009-03-02&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fsouthland-region%2F8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInvercargill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grant-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Grant_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrant2009" class="citation web cs1">Grant, David (2 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teara.govt.nz/en/southland-region/7">"Southland region – Transport, power and other advances"</a>. Te Ara<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Southland+region+%E2%80%93+Transport%2C+power+and+other+advances&rft.pub=Te+Ara&rft.date=2009-03-02&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fsouthland-region%2F7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInvercargill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHartley2018" class="citation news cs1">Hartley, Simon (9 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.odt.co.nz/business/new-name-fresh-start-brewery">"New name a fresh start for brewery"</a>. <i>Otago Daily Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Otago+Daily+Times&rft.atitle=New+name+a+fresh+start+for+brewery&rft.date=2018-11-09&rft.aulast=Hartley&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.odt.co.nz%2Fbusiness%2Fnew-name-fresh-start-brewery&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInvercargill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.venturesouthland.co.nz/Portals/0/Documents/Southland%20Tourism%20Key%20Indicators%20November%202016%20-%20January%202017.pdf">"Venture Southland, Southland Tourism Key Indicators November 2016 - January 2017"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Venture+Southland%2C+Southland+Tourism+Key+Indicators+November+2016+-+January+2017&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.venturesouthland.co.nz%2FPortals%2F0%2FDocuments%2FSouthland%2520Tourism%2520Key%2520Indicators%2520November%25202016%2520-%2520January%25202017.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInvercargill" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPickett2015" class="citation web cs1">Pickett, Brittany (26 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stuff.co.nz/southland-times/news/71345736/bill-richardson-transport-world-a-catalyst-for-tourism">"Bill Richardson Transport World a "catalyst" for tourism"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Southland_Times" title="The Southland Times">The Southland Times</a></i>. Fairfax<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Southland+Times&rft.atitle=Bill+Richardson+Transport+World+a+%22catalyst%22+for+tourism&rft.date=2015-08-26&rft.aulast=Pickett&rft.aufirst=Brittany&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fsouthland-times%2Fnews%2F71345736%2Fbill-richardson-transport-world-a-catalyst-for-tourism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInvercargill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tkmentry-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tkmentry_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tkm.govt.nz/">"Te Kāhui Māngai directory"</a>. <i>tkm.govt.nz</i>. <a href="/wiki/Te_Puni_K%C5%8Dkiri" title="Te Puni Kōkiri">Te Puni Kōkiri</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tkm.govt.nz&rft.atitle=Te+K%C4%81hui+M%C4%81ngai+directory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tkm.govt.nz%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInvercargill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-maorimaps-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-maorimaps_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://maorimaps.com/map">"Māori Maps"</a>. <i>maorimaps.com</i>. Te Potiki National Trust.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=maorimaps.com&rft.atitle=M%C4%81ori+Maps&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmaorimaps.com%2Fmap&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInvercargill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHall-Jones1946" class="citation book cs1">Hall-Jones, F. G. (1946). <i>Invercargill Pioneers</i>. Southland Historical Committee.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Invercargill+Pioneers&rft.pub=Southland+Historical+Committee&rft.date=1946&rft.aulast=Hall-Jones&rft.aufirst=F.+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInvercargill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller1977" class="citation book cs1">Miller, F.W. (1977). <i>King of Counties</i>. Craig Printing Ltd.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=King+of+Counties&rft.pub=Craig+Printing+Ltd.&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=F.W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInvercargill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stuff.co.nz-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stuff.co.nz_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacKay2010" class="citation web cs1">MacKay, Scot (18 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stuff.co.nz/southland-times/news/4142995/Fear-as-roof-collapses">"Fear as roof collapses"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Southland_Times" title="The Southland Times">The Southland Times</a></i>. Fairfax<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Southland+Times&rft.atitle=Fear+as+roof+collapses&rft.date=2010-09-18&rft.aulast=MacKay&rft.aufirst=Scot&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fsouthland-times%2Fnews%2F4142995%2FFear-as-roof-collapses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInvercargill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dlprezes.pl.tl/SPEEDWAY--_--Indywidualne-mistrzostwa-%26%23346%3Bwiata-----------k1-World-Speedway-Championship-k2-.htm">"World Championship"</a>. <i>Metal Speedway</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Metal+Speedway&rft.atitle=World+Championship&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdlprezes.pl.tl%2FSPEEDWAY--_--Indywidualne-mistrzostwa-%2526%2523346%253Bwiata-----------k1-World-Speedway-Championship-k2-.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInvercargill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.speedway.org/history/">"World Championship"</a>. <i>Speedway.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Speedway.org&rft.atitle=World+Championship&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.speedway.org%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInvercargill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historyspeedway.nstrefa.pl/indmnz.php">"HISTORYCZNE ZESTAWIENIE WYNIKÓW 1929-2023"</a>. <i>Speedway History</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Speedway+History&rft.atitle=HISTORYCZNE+ZESTAWIENIE+WYNIK%C3%93W+1929-2023&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyspeedway.nstrefa.pl%2Findmnz.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInvercargill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.southernwings.co.nz/">"Pilot Training & Flight School"</a>. <i>Southern Wings</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Southern+Wings&rft.atitle=Pilot+Training+%26+Flight+School&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.southernwings.co.nz%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInvercargill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stuff.co.nz_3032599-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stuff.co.nz_3032599_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOldfield2019" class="citation news cs1">Oldfield, Georgina (27 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stuff.co.nz/southland-times/news/117689426/mike-newell-appointed-as-new-james-hargest-college-principal">"Mike Newell appointed as new James Hargest College principal"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Southland_Times" title="The Southland Times">The Southland Times</a></i>. Fairfax<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Southland+Times&rft.atitle=Mike+Newell+appointed+as+new+James+Hargest+College+principal&rft.date=2019-11-27&rft.aulast=Oldfield&rft.aufirst=Georgina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fsouthland-times%2Fnews%2F117689426%2Fmike-newell-appointed-as-new-james-hargest-college-principal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInvercargill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100605005400/http://www.verdoncollege.school.nz/welcome.htm">"Welcome to Verdon"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.verdoncollege.school.nz/welcome.htm">the original</a> on 5 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Welcome+to+Verdon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.verdoncollege.school.nz%2Fwelcome.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInvercargill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCounts" class="citation web cs1">Counts, Education. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.educationcounts.govt.nz/find-school/school/profile?district=75&region=15&school=4217">"Ministry of Education - Education Counts"</a>. <i>www.educationcounts.govt.nz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.educationcounts.govt.nz&rft.atitle=Ministry+of+Education+-+Education+Counts&rft.aulast=Counts&rft.aufirst=Education&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.educationcounts.govt.nz%2Ffind-school%2Fschool%2Fprofile%3Fdistrict%3D75%26region%3D15%26school%3D4217&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInvercargill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/education/119781795/school-lunch-scheme-piloted-in-regions-where-child-poverty-is-low">"School lunch scheme piloted in regions where child poverty is low"</a>. <i>Stuff</i>. 5 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=School+lunch+scheme+piloted+in+regions+where+child+poverty+is+low&rft.date=2020-03-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fnational%2Feducation%2F119781795%2Fschool-lunch-scheme-piloted-in-regions-where-child-poverty-is-low&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInvercargill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westmount.school.nz/campuses/southland">Westmount School</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powernet.co.nz/line-owners/electricity-invercargill-limited/">"Electricity Invercargill Limited | PowerNet"</a>. <i>powernet.co.nz</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=powernet.co.nz&rft.atitle=Electricity+Invercargill+Limited+%26%23124%3B+PowerNet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpowernet.co.nz%2Fline-owners%2Felectricity-invercargill-limited%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInvercargill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powernet.co.nz/line-owners/the-power-company-limited/">"The Power Company Limited | PowerNet"</a>. <i>powernet.co.nz</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=powernet.co.nz&rft.atitle=The+Power+Company+Limited+%26%23124%3B+PowerNet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpowernet.co.nz%2Fline-owners%2Fthe-power-company-limited%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInvercargill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://icc.govt.nz/your-council/sister-city/">"Sister Cities"</a>. Invercargill City Council.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sister+Cities&rft.pub=Invercargill+City+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ficc.govt.nz%2Fyour-council%2Fsister-city%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInvercargill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stuff.co.nz/southland-times/news/790815/Aussies-at-fault-for-sister-city-breakdown">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Aussies at fault' for sister city breakdown"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Stuff_(website)" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=%27Aussies+at+fault%27+for+sister+city+breakdown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fsouthland-times%2Fnews%2F790815%2FAussies-at-fault-for-sister-city-breakdown&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInvercargill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invercargill&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Reed, A.W. (2002) <i>The Reed dictionary of New Zealand place names.</i> Auckland: Reed Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-790-00761-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-790-00761-4">0-790-00761-4</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing2003" class="citation book cs1">King, Michael (2003). <i>The Penguin History of New Zealand</i>. Auckland: Penguin Books (NZ) Ltd. pp. 170, 202, 238, 473. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-301867-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-301867-1"><bdi>0-14-301867-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Penguin+History+of+New+Zealand&rft.place=Auckland&rft.pages=170%2C+202%2C+238%2C+473&rft.pub=Penguin+Books+%28NZ%29+Ltd&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-14-301867-1&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInvercargill" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright2009" class="citation book cs1">Wright, Matthew (2009). <i>Old South: Life and Times in the Nineteenth-century Mainland</i>. Auckland: Penguin Group (NZ) Ltd. pp. 236–37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-300651-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-300651-0"><bdi>978-0-14-300651-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Old+South%3A+Life+and+Times+in+the+Nineteenth-century+Mainland&rft.place=Auckland&rft.pages=236-37&rft.pub=Penguin+Group+%28NZ%29+Ltd&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-14-300651-0&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInvercargill" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>A Complete Guide To Heraldry by A.C. Fox-Davies 1909.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invercargill&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Invercargill#Q31805" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Invercargill">Invercargill</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Invercargill" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Invercargill">Invercargill</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icc.govt.nz/">Invercargill City Council official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.invercargillnz.com/">Invercargill i-SITE visitor information</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Invercargill,_Southland,_New_Zealand" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Invercargill" title="Template:Invercargill"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Invercargill" title="Template talk:Invercargill"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Invercargill" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Invercargill"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Invercargill,_Southland,_New_Zealand" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Invercargill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southland_Region" title="Southland Region">Southland</a>, New Zealand</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Administrative_centre" title="Administrative centre">Seat</a>: <a href="/wiki/Invercargill_Central" title="Invercargill Central">Invercargill Central</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Populated places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Invercargill City</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appleby,_Invercargill" title="Appleby, Invercargill">Appleby</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ascot,_New_Zealand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ascot, New Zealand (page does not exist)">Ascot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avenal,_New_Zealand" title="Avenal, New Zealand">Avenal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifton,_Invercargill" title="Clifton, Invercargill">Clifton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgetown,_Invercargill" title="Georgetown, Invercargill">Georgetown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladstone,_Invercargill" title="Gladstone, Invercargill">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glengarry,_New_Zealand" title="Glengarry, New Zealand">Glengarry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grasmere,_New_Zealand" title="Grasmere, New Zealand">Grasmere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hargest,_New_Zealand" title="Hargest, New Zealand">Hargest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawthorndale" title="Hawthorndale">Hawthorndale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg,_New_Zealand" title="Heidelberg, New Zealand">Heidelberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invercargill_Central" title="Invercargill Central">Invercargill Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kew,_Invercargill" title="Kew, Invercargill">Kew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingswell,_New_Zealand" title="Kingswell, New Zealand">Kingswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newfield,_New_Zealand" title="Newfield, New Zealand">Newfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prestonville,_New_Zealand" title="Prestonville, New Zealand">Prestonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Invercargill" title="Richmond, Invercargill">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockdale,_New_Zealand" title="Rockdale, New Zealand">Rockdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosedale,_Invercargill" title="Rosedale, Invercargill">Rosedale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strathern,_New_Zealand" title="Strathern, New Zealand">Strathern</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waihopai,_New_Zealand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waihopai, New Zealand (page does not exist)">Waihopai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waverley,_Invercargill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waverley, Invercargill (page does not exist)">Waverley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Invercargill" title="West Invercargill">West Invercargill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Invercargill" title="Windsor, Invercargill">Windsor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Outer Invercargill</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bluff,_New_Zealand" title="Bluff, New Zealand">Bluff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorneville,_New_Zealand" title="Lorneville, New Zealand">Lorneville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otatara" title="Otatara">Otatara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waikiwi" title="Waikiwi">Waikiwi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Awarua,_Invercargill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Awarua, Invercargill (page does not exist)">Awarua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awarua_Plains" title="Awarua Plains">Awarua Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhills,_New_Zealand" title="Greenhills, New Zealand">Greenhills</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpoint,_New_Zealand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenpoint, New Zealand (page does not exist)">Greenpoint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennington,_New_Zealand" title="Kennington, New Zealand">Kennington</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mill_Road,_New_Zealand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mill Road, New Zealand (page does not exist)">Mill Road</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motu_Rimu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Motu Rimu (page does not exist)">Motu Rimu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myross_Bush" title="Myross Bush">Myross Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ocean_Beach,_Southland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ocean Beach, Southland (page does not exist)">Ocean Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omaui" title="Omaui">Omaui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oreti_Beach" title="Oreti Beach">Oreti Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sandy_Point,_New_Zealand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sandy Point, New Zealand (page does not exist)">Sandy Point</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seaward_Bush&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seaward Bush (page does not exist)">Seaward Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taramoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taramoa (page does not exist)">Taramoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tisbury,_New_Zealand" title="Tisbury, New Zealand">Tisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiwai_Point" title="Tiwai Point">Tiwai Point</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Underwood,_Invercargill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Underwood, Invercargill (page does not exist)">Underwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Plains,_New_Zealand" title="West Plains, New Zealand">West Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waimatua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waimatua (page does not exist)">Waimatua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodend,_Southland" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodend, Southland">Woodend</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bluff_Harbour" title="Bluff Harbour">Bluff Harbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Beach_(Bluff_Harbour)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ocean Beach (Bluff Harbour)">Ocean Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stirling_Point" title="Stirling Point">Stirling Point</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Facilities and attractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anderson_Park,_Invercargill" title="Anderson Park, Invercargill">Anderson Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluff_Maritime_Museum" title="Bluff Maritime Museum">Bluff Maritime Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_Theatre_(Invercargill)" title="Civic Theatre (Invercargill)">Civic Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawson_Farm_Aerodrome" title="Dawson Farm Aerodrome">Dawson Farm Aerodrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invercargill_Airport" title="Invercargill Airport">Invercargill Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invercargill_Brewery" title="Invercargill Brewery">Invercargill Brewery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invercargill_Central_Mall" title="Invercargill Central Mall">Invercargill Central Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invercargill_Golf_Club" title="Invercargill Golf Club">Invercargill Golf Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIT_Zero_Fees_Velodrome" title="SIT Zero Fees Velodrome">SIT Zero Fees Velodrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paua_House" title="Paua House">Paua House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_transport_in_Invercargill" class="mw-redirect" title="Public transport in Invercargill">Public transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens_Park,_Invercargill" title="Queens Park, Invercargill">Queens Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_Park_Stadium" title="Rugby Park Stadium">Rugby Park Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ILT_Stadium_Southland" title="ILT Stadium Southland">ILT Stadium Southland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Basilica,_Invercargill" title="St. Mary's Basilica, Invercargill">St. Mary's Basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southland_Museum_and_Art_Gallery" title="Southland Museum and Art Gallery">Southland Museum and Art Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrey_Park" title="Surrey Park">Surrey Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_World" title="Transport World">Transport World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_Tomairangi_Marae" title="Te Tomairangi Marae">Te Tomairangi Marae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teretonga_Park" title="Teretonga Park">Teretonga Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turnbull_Thomson_Park" title="Turnbull Thomson Park">Turnbull Thomson Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Invercargill_City_Council" title="Invercargill City Council">City Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Invercargill" title="Mayor of Invercargill">Mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southland_Regional_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Southland Regional Council">Regional Council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aurora_College,_Invercargill" title="Aurora College, Invercargill">Aurora College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hargest_College" title="James Hargest College">James Hargest College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Institute_of_Technology" title="Southern Institute of Technology">Southern Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southland_Boys%27_High_School" title="Southland Boys' High School">Southland Boys' High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southland_Girls%27_High_School" title="Southland Girls' High School">Southland Girls' High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_Wharekura_o_Arowhenua" title="Te Wharekura o Arowhenua">Te Wharekura o Arowhenua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdon_College" title="Verdon College">Verdon College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor_North_School" title="Windsor North School">Windsor North School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4ZA" title="4ZA">4ZA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foveaux_FM" title="Foveaux FM">Foveaux FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H_%26_J_Smith" title="H & J Smith">H & J Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invercargill_Licensing_Trust" title="Invercargill Licensing Trust">Invercargill Licensing Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southland_Astronomical_Society" title="Southland Astronomical Society">Southland Astronomical Society</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Southland_Times" title="The Southland Times">Southland Times</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiwai_Point_Aluminium_Smelter" title="Tiwai Point Aluminium Smelter">Tiwai Point Aluminium Smelter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_and_districts_of_New_Zealand" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_and_districts_of_New_Zealand" title="Template:Cities and districts of New Zealand"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_and_districts_of_New_Zealand" title="Template talk:Cities and districts of New Zealand"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_and_districts_of_New_Zealand" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities and districts of New Zealand"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_and_districts_of_New_Zealand" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_New_Zealand" title="List of cities in New Zealand">Cities</a> and <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_New_Zealand" title="Districts of New Zealand">districts</a> of New Zealand</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_New_Zealand" title="List of cities in New Zealand">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Island" title="North Island">North Island</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_New_Zealand" title="Hamilton, New Zealand">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tauranga" title="Tauranga">Tauranga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napier,_New_Zealand" title="Napier, New Zealand">Napier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmerston_North" title="Palmerston North">Palmerston North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porirua" title="Porirua">Porirua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Hutt" title="Upper Hutt">Upper Hutt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Hutt" title="Lower Hutt">Lower Hutt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nelson,_New_Zealand" title="Nelson, New Zealand">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin">Dunedin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Invercargill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_New_Zealand" title="Districts of New Zealand">Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Island" title="North Island">North Island</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Far_North_District" title="Far North District">Far North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whangarei_District" title="Whangarei District">Whangarei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaipara_District" title="Kaipara District">Kaipara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thames-Coromandel_District" title="Thames-Coromandel District">Thames-Coromandel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauraki_District" title="Hauraki District">Hauraki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waikato_District" title="Waikato District">Waikato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matamata-Piako_District" title="Matamata-Piako District">Matamata-Piako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waip%C4%81_District" title="Waipā District">Waipā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Waikato_District" title="South Waikato District">South Waikato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ctorohanga_District" title="Ōtorohanga District">Ōtorohanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotorua_Lakes_District" title="Rotorua Lakes District">Rotorua Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waitomo_District" title="Waitomo District">Waitomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taup%C5%8D_District" title="Taupō District">Taupō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Bay_of_Plenty_District" title="Western Bay of Plenty District">Western Bay of Plenty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whakat%C4%81ne_District" title="Whakatāne District">Whakatāne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawerau_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Kawerau District">Kawerau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cp%C5%8Dtiki_District" title="Ōpōtiki District">Ōpōtiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gisborne_District" title="Gisborne District">Gisborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wairoa_District" title="Wairoa District">Wairoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings_District,_New_Zealand" title="Hastings District, New Zealand">Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Hawke%27s_Bay_District" title="Central Hawke's Bay District">Central Hawke's Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Plymouth_District" title="New Plymouth District">New Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratford_District,_New_Zealand" title="Stratford District, New Zealand">Stratford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Taranaki_District" title="South Taranaki District">South Taranaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruapehu_District" title="Ruapehu District">Ruapehu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whanganui_District" title="Whanganui District">Whanganui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangitikei_District" title="Rangitikei District">Rangitīkei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manawat%C5%AB_District" title="Manawatū District">Manawatū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tararua_District" title="Tararua District">Tararua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horowhenua_District" title="Horowhenua District">Horowhenua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%81piti_Coast_District" title="Kāpiti Coast District">Kāpiti Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masterton_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Masterton District">Masterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carterton_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Carterton District">Carterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Wairarapa_District" title="South Wairarapa District">South Wairarapa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tasman_District" title="Tasman District">Tasman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlborough_District" title="Marlborough District">Marlborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buller_District" title="Buller District">Buller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_District" title="Grey District">Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_District" title="Westland District">Westland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaik%C5%8Dura_District" title="Kaikōura District">Kaikōura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurunui_District" title="Hurunui District">Hurunui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waimakariri_District" title="Waimakariri District">Waimakariri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selwyn_District" title="Selwyn District">Selwyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashburton_District" title="Ashburton District">Ashburton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timaru_District" title="Timaru District">Timaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackenzie_District" title="Mackenzie District">Mackenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waimate_District" title="Waimate District">Waimate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waitaki_District" title="Waitaki District">Waitaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queenstown-Lakes_District" title="Queenstown-Lakes District">Queenstown-Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Otago_District" title="Central Otago District">Central Otago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clutha_District" title="Clutha District">Clutha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gore_District,_New_Zealand" title="Gore District, New Zealand">Gore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southland_District" title="Southland District">Southland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Chatham_Islands" title="Chatham Islands">Chatham Islands</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31805#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31805#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31805#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/261122-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Invercargill (N.Z.)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83232766">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007553062405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/bb134bbf-dd13-463c-86e4-30cdadea388d">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044317">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Invercargill&oldid=1256010175">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Invercargill&oldid=1256010175</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Invercargill" title="Category:Invercargill">Invercargill</a></li><li><a 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