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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Political status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writing_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writing_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Writing system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Writing_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phonology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phonology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Phonology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Phonology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Phonology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Phonology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Consonants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consonants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Consonants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consonants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Glottal_stop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Glottal_stop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Glottal stop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Glottal_stop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vowels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vowels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Vowels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vowels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nasal_harmony" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nasal_harmony"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Nasal harmony</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nasal_harmony-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grammar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Grammar</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Grammar-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Grammar subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Grammar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nouns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nouns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Nouns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nouns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pronouns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pronouns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Pronouns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pronouns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conjugation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conjugation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Conjugation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conjugation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Negation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Negation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>Negation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Negation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tense_and_aspect_morphemes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tense_and_aspect_morphemes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Tense and aspect morphemes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tense_and_aspect_morphemes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_verbal_morphemes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_verbal_morphemes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Other verbal morphemes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_verbal_morphemes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Determiners" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Determiners"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Determiners</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Determiners-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spanish_loans_in_Guarani" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spanish_loans_in_Guarani"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Spanish loans in Guarani</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spanish_loans_in_Guarani-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Guarani_loans_in_English" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guarani_loans_in_English"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Guarani loans in English</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guarani_loans_in_English-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Example_text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Example_text"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Example text</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Example_text-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Institutions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle External links subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Resources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.1</span> <span>Resources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Guarani language</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 108 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-108" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">108 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaran%C3%AD" title="Guaraní – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Guaraní" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="गुआरानी भाषा – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="गुआरानी भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awaisc_spr%C7%A3c" title="Awaisc sprǣc – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Awaisc sprǣc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة الغوارانية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة الغوارانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_guaran%C3%AD" title="Idioma guaraní – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma guaraní" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ava%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BD" title="Avañe'ẽ – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waraniyi_aru" title="Waraniyi aru – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Waraniyi aru" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarani_dili" title="Quarani dili – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Quarani dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="قوارانی دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قوارانی دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="গুয়ারানি ভাষা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গুয়ারানি ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guarani-g%C3%AD" title="Guarani-gí – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Guarani-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96_(%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Гуарані (мова) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гуарані (мова)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tataramon_na_Guarani" title="Tataramon na Guarani – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tataramon na Guarani" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Гуарански език – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гуарански език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9D%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="གུ་ཝ་ར་ནི་སྐད། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="གུ་ཝ་ར་ནི་སྐད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwaranieg" title="Gwaranieg – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Gwaranieg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaran%C3%AD" title="Guaraní – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Guaraní" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaran%C5%A1tina" title="Guaranština – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Guaranština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaran%C3%AD_(iaith)" title="Guaraní (iaith) – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Guaraní (iaith)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaran%C3%AD_(sprog)" title="Guaraní (sprog) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Guaraní (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaran%C3%AD_(Sprache)" title="Guaraní (Sprache) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Guaraní (Sprache)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guarani%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Guaranišćina – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Guaranišćina" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1_%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF" title="Γλώσσα Γκουαρανί – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γλώσσα Γκουαρανί" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_guaran%C3%AD" title="Idioma guaraní – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma guaraní" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gvarania_lingvo" title="Gvarania lingvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gvarania lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_guaran%C3%AD" title="Lengua guaraní – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Lengua guaraní" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaraniera" title="Guaraniera – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Guaraniera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="زبان گوارانی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان گوارانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guarani_bhasa" title="Guarani bhasa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Guarani bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guarani_(langue)" title="Guarani (langue) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Guarani (langue)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Ghuar%C3%A1inis" title="An Ghuaráinis – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Ghuaráinis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaranaidh" title="Guaranaidh – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Guaranaidh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_guaran%C3%AD" title="Lingua guaraní – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua guaraní" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%BC%EB%9D%BC%EB%8B%88%EC%96%B4" title="과라니어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="과라니어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="गुआरानी भाषा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गुआरानी भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guarani%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Guaranišćina – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Guaranišćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guarani_(jezik)" title="Guarani (jezik) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Guarani (jezik)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guarani-linguo" title="Guarani-linguo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Guarani-linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Guarani" title="Pagsasao a Guarani – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Guarani" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Guarani" title="Bahasa Guarani – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Guarani" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_guarani" title="Lingua guarani – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua guarani" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_(%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3)" title="Гуарани (æвзаг) – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Гуарани (æвзаг)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gvaran%C3%AD_(tungum%C3%A1l)" title="Gvaraní (tungumál) – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gvaraní (tungumál)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_guaran%C3%AD" title="Lingua guaraní – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua guaraní" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%99" title="גוארני – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גוארני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="გუარანის ენა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გუარანის ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Гуарани тілі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гуарани тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_(%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2)" title="Гуарани (кыв) – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Гуарани (кыв)" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Guaranica" title="Lingua Guaranica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Guaranica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gvaranu_valoda" title="Gvaranu valoda – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gvaranu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gvarani%C5%B3_kalba" title="Gvaranių kalba – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gvaranių kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaran%C3%AC" title="Guaranì – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Guaranì" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guarani_(lingua)" title="Guarani (lingua) – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Guarani (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guarani_nyelv" title="Guarani nyelv – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Guarani nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Гварански јазик – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Гварански јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_goarany" title="Fiteny goarany – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny goarany" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%80_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="ഗ്വാരാനീ ഭാഷ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗ്വാരാനീ ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="ग्वारानी भाषा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ग्वारानी भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90)" title="გუარანი (ნინა) – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გუარანი (ნინა)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89" title="جوارانى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جوارانى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_(%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86)" title="گوارانی (زوون) – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="گوارانی (زوون)" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Guaran%C3%AD" title="Bahasa Guaraní – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Guaraní" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaran%C3%AD_(taal)" title="Guaraní (taal) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Guaraní (taal)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="गुआरानी भाषा – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="गुआरानी भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A9%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BC%E8%AA%9E" title="グアラニー語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グアラニー語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaran%C3%AD_(Spriak)" title="Guaraní (Spriak) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Guaraní (Spriak)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaran%C3%AD_(spr%C3%A5k)" title="Guaraní (språk) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Guaraní (språk)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaran%C3%AD" title="Guaraní – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Guaraní" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaran%C3%AD_(lenga)" title="Guaraní (lenga) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Guaraní (lenga)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Гуарани йылме – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Гуарани йылме" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guarani_tili" title="Guarani tili – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Guarani tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਗੁਆਰਾਨੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗੁਆਰਾਨੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="گورانی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گورانی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_guaran%C3%AD,_paraguajan" title="Lenga guaraní, paraguajan – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga guaraní, paraguajan" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_guarani" title="Język guarani – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język guarani" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_guarani" title="Língua guarani – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua guarani" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_guarani" title="Limba guarani – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba guarani" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waraniyi_simi" title="Waraniyi simi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Waraniyi simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%90%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Ґуараньскый язык – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ґуараньскый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_(%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)" title="Гуарани (язык) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гуарани (язык)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A4_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱜᱩᱣᱟᱨᱟᱱᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱜᱩᱣᱟᱨᱟᱱᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaran%C3%AD_leid" title="Guaraní leid – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Guaraní leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_guarani" title="Gjuha guarani – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha guarani" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaran%C3%AD_language" title="Guaraní language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Guaraní language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%BB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="گواراني ٻولي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="گواراني ٻولي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaran%C3%ADj%C4%8Dina" title="Guaraníjčina – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Guaraníjčina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gvaran%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Gvaranščina – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gvaranščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="زمانی گوارانی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی گوارانی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_(%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Гварани (језик) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гварани (језик)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaranin_kieli" title="Guaranin kieli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Guaranin kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaran%C3%AD" title="Guaraní – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Guaraní" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Guarani" title="Wikang Guarani – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Guarani" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="குவாரனி மொழி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குவாரனி மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagwaranit" title="Tagwaranit – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tagwaranit" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Гуарани теле – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Гуарани теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaranice" title="Guaranice – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Guaranice" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96_(%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Гуарані (мова) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гуарані (мова)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="گوارانی زبان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گوارانی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%87%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%86%DB%95" title="گۇئارانچە – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="گۇئارانچە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaranin_kel%27" title="Guaranin kel' – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Guaranin kel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Guaran%C3%AD" title="Tiếng Guaraní – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Guaraní" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwarani" title="Gwarani – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Gwarani" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%93%9C%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%AD" title="瓜拉尼语 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="瓜拉尼语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%93%9C%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%87" title="瓜拉尼文 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="瓜拉尼文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gvaraniu_kalba" title="Gvaraniu kalba – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Gvaraniu kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%93%9C%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%BC%E8%AA%9E" title="瓜拉尼語 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="瓜拉尼語" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Guarani" title="Bahasa Guarani – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Guarani" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%9C_%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B3%E2%B5%A1%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%94%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵡⴰⵔⴰⵏⵉⵜ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵡⴰⵔⴰⵏⵉⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q35876#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Guarani_language" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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For other varieties of Guarani, see <a href="/wiki/Guarani_dialects" title="Guarani dialects">Guarani dialects</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with the Kurdish-Iranian <a href="/wiki/Gorani_language" title="Gorani language">Gorani language</a> or the Indo-Aryan <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati language</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: #c0dde6;">Guarani</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: #c0dde6;">Paraguayan Guarani</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: #c0dde6;"><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">avañeʼẽ</i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="gn-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ʔãʋãɲẽˈʔẽ]</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Guaran%C3%AD_people" title="Guaraní people">Guaraní</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraguayan people">Paraguayan people</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">6.5 million (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-e24_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e24-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tupian_languages" title="Tupian languages">Tupian</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Tupi%E2%80%93Guarani_languages" title="Tupi–Guarani languages">Tupi–Guarani</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Guarani_languages" title="Guarani languages">Guarani (I)</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Guaran%C3%AD_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Guaraní dialects">Guaraní</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Guarani</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="plainlist"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Dialects</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jopar%C3%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Jopará">Jopará</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Correntine_Guarani_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Correntine Guarani language (page does not exist)">Taragui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Bolivian_Guarani" title="Western Bolivian Guarani">Simba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bolivian_Guaran%C3%AD_language" title="Eastern Bolivian Guaraní language">Chawuncu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ava_Guarani_language" title="Ava Guarani language">Tsiripá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mby%C3%A1_Guaran%C3%AD_language" title="Mbyá Guaraní language">Mbyá</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">Writing system</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Guarani_alphabet" title="Guarani alphabet">Guarani alphabet</a> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #c0dde6;">Official status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Official language in</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/46px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="660" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a> <br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/34px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="750" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> <br /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_language_regulators" title="List of language regulators">Regulated by</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Academia_de_la_Lengua_Guaran%C3%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Academia de la Lengua Guaraní">Academia de la Lengua Guaraní</a> (Guarani Ñeʼẽ Rerekuapavẽ)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #c0dde6;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?iso_639_1=gn">gn</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?code_ID=176">grn</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/gug" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:gug">gug</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/para1311">para1311</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Linguasphere_Observatory" title="Linguasphere Observatory">Linguasphere</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hortensj-garden.org/index.php?tnc=1&tr=lsr&nid=88-AAI-f">88-AAI-f</a></code></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Idioma_guaran%C3%AD.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Idioma_guaran%C3%AD.png/320px-Idioma_guaran%C3%AD.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Idioma_guaran%C3%AD.png 1.5x" data-file-width="394" data-file-height="332" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;">Guarani-speaking world<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background-color:#E7E7FF;color:inherit;padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> phonetic symbols.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA#Rendering_issues" title="Help:IPA">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> characters. 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data-width="640" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AWIKITONGUES-_Mar%C3%ADa_speaking_Guarani.webm&lang=de&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="de" label="Deutsch ‪(de)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AWIKITONGUES-_Mar%C3%ADa_speaking_Guarani.webm&lang=en-gb&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en-GB" label="British English ‪(en-gb)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AWIKITONGUES-_Mar%C3%ADa_speaking_Guarani.webm&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AWIKITONGUES-_Mar%C3%ADa_speaking_Guarani.webm&lang=fi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fi" label="suomi ‪(fi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AWIKITONGUES-_Mar%C3%ADa_speaking_Guarani.webm&lang=fr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fr" label="français ‪(fr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AWIKITONGUES-_Mar%C3%ADa_speaking_Guarani.webm&lang=gn&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="gn" label="Avañe'ẽ ‪(gn)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AWIKITONGUES-_Mar%C3%ADa_speaking_Guarani.webm&lang=pt-br&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt-BR" label="português do Brasil ‪(pt-br)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AWIKITONGUES-_Mar%C3%ADa_speaking_Guarani.webm&lang=uk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="uk" label="українська ‪(uk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video></span><figcaption>A Guarani speaker.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Libros_en_guarani.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Libros_en_guarani.JPG/220px-Libros_en_guarani.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Libros_en_guarani.JPG/330px-Libros_en_guarani.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Libros_en_guarani.JPG/440px-Libros_en_guarani.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Books in Guarani</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Guarani</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="'w' in 'wind'">w</span><span title="/ɑːr/: 'ar' in 'far'">ɑːr</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="'w' in 'wind'">w</span><span title="/ɑːr/: 'ar' in 'far'">ɑːr</span><span title="/ən/: 'on' in 'button'">ən</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">GWAR</span>-ə-<span style="font-size:90%">NEE</span>, <span style="font-size:90%">GWAR</span>-ə-nee</i></a>),<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> specifically the primary variety known as <b>Paraguayan Guarani</b> (<span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">avañeʼẽ</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="gn-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ʔãʋãɲẽˈʔẽ]</a></span> "the people's language"), is a <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South American</a> language that belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Tupi%E2%80%93Guarani" class="mw-redirect" title="Tupi–Guarani">Tupi–Guarani</a> branch<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the <a href="/wiki/Tupian_languages" title="Tupian languages">Tupian language family</a>. It is one of the official languages of <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a> (along with <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>), where it is spoken by the majority of the population, and where half of the rural population are monolingual speakers of the language.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SimonRomero_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SimonRomero-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Variants of the language are spoken by communities in neighboring countries including parts of northeastern <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, southeastern <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> and southwestern <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, and is a second official language of the <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Argentina" title="Provinces of Argentina">Argentine province</a> of <a href="/wiki/Corrientes_Province" title="Corrientes Province">Corrientes</a> since 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-Ley5598_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ley5598-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guarani is also one of the three official languages of <a href="/wiki/Mercosur" title="Mercosur">Mercosur</a>, alongside Spanish and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Guarani is the most widely spoken <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous languages of the Americas">Native American language</a> and remains commonly used among the Paraguayan people and neighboring communities. This is unique among American languages; <a href="/wiki/Language_shift" title="Language shift">language shift</a> towards European colonial languages (in this case, the other <a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">official language</a> of <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>) has otherwise been a nearly universal phenomenon in the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Western Hemisphere</a>, but Paraguayans have maintained their traditional language while also adopting Spanish. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a> priest <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Ruiz_de_Montoya" title="Antonio Ruiz de Montoya">Antonio Ruiz de Montoya</a>, who in 1639 published the first written grammar of Guarani in a book called <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Tesoro_de_la_lengua_guaran%C3%AD" title="Tesoro de la lengua guaraní">Tesoro de la lengua guaraní</a></i></span> (Treasure/<a href="/wiki/Thesaurus" title="Thesaurus">Thesaurus</a> of the Guarani Language)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, described it as a language "so copious and elegant that it can compete with the most famous [of languages]".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The name "Guarani" is generally used for the official language of Paraguay. However, this is part of a <a href="/wiki/Dialect_chain" class="mw-redirect" title="Dialect chain">dialect chain</a>, most of whose <a href="/wiki/Guarani_dialects" title="Guarani dialects">components</a> are also often called Guarani. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guarani_language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While Guarani, in its <a href="/wiki/Classical_Guarani" title="Classical Guarani">Classical form</a>, was the only language spoken in the expansive missionary territories, Paraguayan Guarani has its roots outside of the <a href="/wiki/Jesuit_Reductions" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit Reductions">Jesuit Reductions</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Modern scholarship has shown that Guarani was always the primary language of colonial Paraguay, both inside and outside the reductions. Following the <a href="/wiki/Suppression_of_the_Society_of_Jesus" title="Suppression of the Society of Jesus">expulsion of the Jesuits</a> in the 18th century, the residents of the reductions gradually migrated north and west towards <a href="/wiki/Asunci%C3%B3n" title="Asunción">Asunción</a>, a demographic shift that brought about a decidedly one-sided shift away from the Jesuit dialect that the missionaries had curated in the southern and eastern territories of the colony.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By and large, the Guarani of the Jesuits shied away from direct phonological loans from Spanish. Instead, the missionaries relied on the agglutinative nature of the language to formulate new precise translations or <a href="/wiki/Calque" title="Calque">calque</a> terms from Guarani morphemes. This process often led the Jesuits to employ complicated, highly synthetic terms to convey European concepts.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By contrast, the Guarani spoken outside of the missions was characterized by a free, unregulated flow of Hispanicisms; frequently, Spanish words and phrases were simply incorporated into Guarani with minimal phonological adaptation.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A good example of that phenomenon is found in the word "communion". The Jesuits, using their agglutinative strategy, rendered this word "<span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">Tupârahava</i></span>", a calque based on the word "<span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">Tupâ</i></span>", meaning God.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In modern Paraguayan Guarani, the same word is rendered "<span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">komuño</i></span>".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the out-migration from the reductions, these two distinct dialects of Guarani came into extensive <a href="/wiki/Language_contact" title="Language contact">contact</a> for the first time. The vast majority of speakers abandoned the less colloquial, highly regulated Jesuit variant in favor of the variety that evolved from actual use by speakers in Paraguay.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This contemporary form of spoken Guarani is known as <a href="/wiki/Jopar%C3%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Jopará">Jopará</a>, meaning "mixture" in Guarani.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_status">Political status</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guarani_language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sign_in_Guaran%C3%AD_and_Spanish_in_Asunci%C3%B3n.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Sign_in_Guaran%C3%AD_and_Spanish_in_Asunci%C3%B3n.jpg/220px-Sign_in_Guaran%C3%AD_and_Spanish_in_Asunci%C3%B3n.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Sign_in_Guaran%C3%AD_and_Spanish_in_Asunci%C3%B3n.jpg/330px-Sign_in_Guaran%C3%AD_and_Spanish_in_Asunci%C3%B3n.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Sign_in_Guaran%C3%AD_and_Spanish_in_Asunci%C3%B3n.jpg/440px-Sign_in_Guaran%C3%AD_and_Spanish_in_Asunci%C3%B3n.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1483" data-file-height="1119" /></a><figcaption>A government sign in <a href="/wiki/Asunci%C3%B3n" title="Asunción">Asunción</a>, Paraguay; bilingual in Guarani and Spanish</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Paraguay" title="Languages of Paraguay">Languages of Paraguay</a></div> <p>Widely spoken, Paraguayan Guarani has nevertheless been repressed by Paraguayan governments throughout most of its history since independence. It was prohibited in state schools for over 100 years. However, populists often used pride in the language to excite nationalistic fervor and promote a narrative of social unity.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>During the autocratic regime of <a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Stroessner" title="Alfredo Stroessner">Alfredo Stroessner</a>, his Colorado Party used the language to appeal to common Paraguayans although Stroessner himself never gave an address in Guarani.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon <a href="/wiki/History_of_Paraguay#Modern_Paraguay" title="History of Paraguay">the advent of Paraguayan democracy</a> in 1992, Guarani was established in the new constitution as a language equal to Spanish.<sup id="cite_ref-SimonRomero_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SimonRomero-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jopará, the mixture of Spanish and Guarani, is spoken by an estimated 90% of the population of Paraguay. <a href="/wiki/Code-switching" title="Code-switching">Code-switching</a> between the two languages takes place on a spectrum in which more Spanish is used for official and business-related matters, and more Guarani is used in art and in everyday life.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Guarani is also an official language of Bolivia and of <a href="/wiki/Corrientes_Province" title="Corrientes Province">Corrientes Province</a> in Argentina.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writing_system">Writing system</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guarani_language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Writing system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Guarani_alphabet" title="Guarani alphabet">Guarani alphabet</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Church_of_the_Pater_Noster_gn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Church_of_the_Pater_Noster_gn.jpg/220px-Church_of_the_Pater_Noster_gn.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Church_of_the_Pater_Noster_gn.jpg/330px-Church_of_the_Pater_Noster_gn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Church_of_the_Pater_Noster_gn.jpg/440px-Church_of_the_Pater_Noster_gn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Lord's Prayer</a> in Guarani in the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Pater_Noster" title="Church of the Pater Noster">Church of the Pater Noster</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Guarani became a written language relatively recently. Its modern alphabet is a subset of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a> (with "J", "K" and "Y" but not "W"), complemented with two diacritics and six <a href="/wiki/Digraph_(orthography)" title="Digraph (orthography)">digraphs</a>. Its orthography is largely <a href="/wiki/Phonemic_orthography" title="Phonemic orthography">phonemic</a>, with letter values mostly similar to those of <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Tilde" title="Tilde">tilde</a> is used with many letters that are considered part of the alphabet. In the case of <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">Ñ/ñ</i></span>, it differentiates the palatal nasal from the alveolar nasal (as in Spanish), whereas it marks stressed <a href="/wiki/Nasalization" title="Nasalization">nasalisation</a> when used over a vowel (as in <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>): <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">ã, ẽ, ĩ, õ, ũ, ỹ</i></span>. (Nasal vowels have been written with several other diacritics: <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">ä, ā, â, ã</i></span>.) The tilde also marks nasality in the case of <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">G̃/g̃</i></span>, used to represent the nasalized velar approximant by combining the <a href="/wiki/Velar_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Velar approximant">velar approximant</a> <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">G</i></span> with the <a href="/wiki/Nasalisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasalisation">nasalising</a> <a href="/wiki/Tilde" title="Tilde">tilde</a>. The letter <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">G̃/g̃</i></span>, which is unique to this language, was introduced into the orthography relatively recently during the mid-20th century and there is disagreement over its use. It is not a <a href="/wiki/Precomposed_character" title="Precomposed character">precomposed character</a> in <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>, which can cause typographic inconveniences – such as needing to press "delete" twice in some setups – or imperfect rendering when using computers and fonts that do not properly support the complex layout feature of glyph composition.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Only stressed nasal vowels are written as nasal. If an oral vowel is stressed, and it is not the final syllable, it is marked with an acute accent: <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">á, é, í, ó, ú, ý</i></span>. That is, stress falls on the vowel marked as nasalized, if any, else on the accent-marked syllable, and if neither appears, then on the final syllable.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Guarani_Braille" title="Guarani Braille">Guarani Braille</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">braille</a> alphabet used for the blind.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology">Phonology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guarani_language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Phonology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Guarani syllables consist of a consonant plus a vowel or a vowel alone; syllables ending in a consonant or two or more consonants together do not occur. This is represented as <i>(C)V</i>. </p><p>In the below table, the IPA value is shown. The orthography is shown in angle brackets below, if different. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consonants">Consonants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guarani_language&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Consonants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <caption>Guarani consonants<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2"> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Labial_consonant" title="Labial consonant">Labial</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Alveolo-palatal_consonant" title="Alveolo-palatal consonant">Alveolo-<br />palatal</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_consonant" title="Glottal consonant">Glottal</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">plain</span></th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Labialization" title="Labialization">lab.</a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">Nasal</a> </th> <td rowspan="2"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Prenasalized_consonant" title="Prenasalized consonant">ᵐb</a></span>~<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></span><br /><span class="nowrap">⟨mb~m⟩</span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Prenasalized_consonant" title="Prenasalized consonant">ⁿd</a></span>~<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></span><br /><span class="nowrap">⟨nd~n⟩</span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Pre-stopped_consonant" title="Pre-stopped consonant">ᵈj</a></span>~<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_nasal" title="Voiced palatal nasal">ɲ</a></span><br /><span class="nowrap">⟨j~ñ⟩</span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Prenasalized_consonant" title="Prenasalized consonant">ᵑɡ</a></span>~<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a></span><br /><span class="nowrap">⟨ng⟩</span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Prenasalized_consonant" title="Prenasalized consonant">ᵑɡʷ</a></span>~<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Labialization" title="Labialization">ŋʷ</a></span><br /><span class="nowrap">⟨ngu⟩</span> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Stop_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Stop consonant">Stop</a></th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced consonant">voiced</a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless consonant">voiceless</a></span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Labialization" title="Labialization">kʷ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ku⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ʼ⟩</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">Fricative</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative">ɕ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ch⟩</span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a></span> ~ <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨h⟩</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Approximant" title="Approximant">Approximant</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_approximant" title="Voiced labiodental approximant">ʋ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨v⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_approximant" title="Voiced velar approximant">ɰ</a></span> ~ <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Nasalization" title="Nasalization">ɰ̃</a></span><br /><span class="nowrap">⟨g⟩</span> ~ <span class="nowrap">⟨g̃⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span> ~ <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Nasal labial–velar approximant">w̃</a></span><br /><span class="nowrap">⟨gu⟩</span> ~ <span class="nowrap">⟨g̃u⟩</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Flap_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Flap consonant">Flap</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_taps_and_flaps" title="Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps">ɾ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨r⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Voiced" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced">voiced</a> consonants have oral <a href="/wiki/Allophone" title="Allophone">allophones</a> (left) before oral vowels, and <a href="/wiki/Nasalization" title="Nasalization">nasal</a> allophones (right) before <a href="/wiki/Nasal_vowel" title="Nasal vowel">nasal vowels</a>. The oral allophones of the voiced stops are <a href="/wiki/Prenasalized" class="mw-redirect" title="Prenasalized">prenasalized</a>. </p><p>There is also a sequence <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ⁿt/</span> (written <span class="nowrap">⟨nt⟩</span>). A trill <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/r/</span> (written <span class="nowrap">⟨rr⟩</span>), and the consonants <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/f/</span>, and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/j/</span> (written <span class="nowrap">⟨ll⟩</span>) are not native to Guarani, but come from Spanish. </p><p>Oral <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ᵈj/</span> is often pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">dʒ</a>]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_plosive" title="Voiced palatal plosive">ɟ</a>]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a>]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a>]</span>, depending on the dialect, but the nasal allophone is always <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_nasal" title="Voiced palatal nasal">ɲ</a>]</span>. </p><p>The dorsal fricative is in free variation between <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a>]</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a>]</span>. </p><p><span class="nowrap">⟨g⟩</span>, <span class="nowrap">⟨gu⟩</span> are approximants, not fricatives, but are sometimes transcribed <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_fricative" title="Voiced velar fricative">ɣ</a>]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Labialization" title="Labialization">ɣʷ</a>]</span>, as is conventional for Spanish. <span class="nowrap">⟨gu⟩</span> is also transcribed <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɰʷ]</span>, which is essentially identical to <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a>]</span>. </p><p>All syllables are open, viz. CV or V, ending in a vowel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Glottal_stop">Glottal stop</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guarani_language&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Glottal stop"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">glottal stop</a>, called <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">puso</i></span> in Guarani, is only written between vowels, but occurs phonetically before vowel-initial words. Because of this, some words have several glottal stops near each other that consequently undergo a number of different <a href="/wiki/Dissimilation" title="Dissimilation">dissimilation</a> techniques. For example, "I drink water" <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">ʼaʼyʼu</i></span> is pronounced <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">hayʼu</i></span>. This suggests that irregularity in verb forms derives from regular sound change processes in the history of Guarani. There also seems to be some degree of variation between how much the glottal stop is dropped (for example <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">aruʼuka > aruuka > aruka</i></span> for "I bring"). It is possible that word-internal glottal stops may have been retained from fossilized compounds where the second component was a vowel-initial (and therefore glottal stop–initial) root.<sup id="cite_ref-Ayala_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ayala-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vowels">Vowels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guarani_language&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Vowels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/a/,<span class="wrap"> </span>/e/,<span class="wrap"> </span>/i/,<span class="wrap"> </span>/o/,<span class="wrap"> </span>/u/</span> correspond more or less to the Spanish and IPA equivalents, although sometimes the open-mid allophones <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ɛ</a>]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">ɔ</a>]</span> are used more frequently. The grapheme <span class="nowrap">⟨y⟩</span> represents the vowel <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Close central unrounded vowel">ɨ</a>/</span> (as in <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>). Considering nasality, the vowel system is perfectly symmetrical, each oral vowel having its nasal counterpart (most systems with nasals have fewer nasals than orals). </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <caption>Oral and nasal vowels </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Central_vowel" title="Central vowel">Central</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">Close</a> </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">oral</span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨i⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Close central unrounded vowel">ɨ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨y⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨u⟩</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">nasal</span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_vowel" title="Nasal vowel">ĩ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ĩ⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_vowel" title="Nasal vowel">ɨ̃</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ỹ⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_vowel" title="Nasal vowel">ũ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ũ⟩</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Open_vowel" title="Open vowel">Open</a> </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">oral</span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨e⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨a⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨o⟩</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">nasal</span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_vowel" title="Nasal vowel">ẽ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ẽ⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_vowel" title="Nasal vowel">ã</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ã⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_vowel" title="Nasal vowel">õ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨õ⟩</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nasal_harmony">Nasal harmony</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guarani_language&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Nasal harmony"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Guarani displays an unusual degree of <a href="/wiki/Nasal_harmony" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasal harmony">nasal harmony</a>. A nasal syllable consists of a nasal vowel, and if the consonant is voiced, it takes its nasal allophone. If a stressed syllable is nasal, the nasality spreads in <i>both</i> directions until it bumps up against a stressed syllable that is oral. This includes <a href="/wiki/Affix" title="Affix">affixes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Postposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Postposition">postpositions</a>, and compounding. Voiceless consonants do not have nasal allophones, but they do not interrupt the spread of nasality. </p><p>For example, </p> <dl><dd><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ⁿdo+ɾoi+ⁿduˈpã+i/</span> → <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[nõɾ̃õĩnũˈpãĩ]</span></dd> <dd><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ro+ᵐbo+poˈrã/</span> → <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɾ̃õmõpõˈɾ̃ã]</span></dd></dl> <p>However, a second stressed syllable, with an oral vowel, will not become nasalized: </p> <dl><dd><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/iᵈjaˈkãɾaˈku/</span> → <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʔĩɲãˈkãɾ̃ãˈku]</span></dd> <dd><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/aˈkãɾaˈwe/</span> → <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʔãˈkãɾ̃ãˈwe]</span><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>That is, for a word with a single stressed vowel, all voiced segments will be either oral or nasal, while voiceless consonants are unaffected, as in oral <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ᵐbotɨ/</span> vs nasal <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/mõtɨ̃/</span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammar">Grammar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guarani_language&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Grammar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Guarani is a highly <a href="/wiki/Agglutinative_language" title="Agglutinative language">agglutinative language</a>, often classified as <a href="/wiki/Polysynthetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Polysynthetic">polysynthetic</a>. It is a fluid-S type <a href="/wiki/Active_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Active language">active language</a>, and it has been classified as a 6th class language in <a href="/wiki/Milewski%27s_typology" title="Milewski's typology">Milewski's typology</a>. It uses <a href="/wiki/Subject%E2%80%93verb%E2%80%93object" class="mw-redirect" title="Subject–verb–object">subject–verb–object</a> (SVO) word order usually, but <a href="/wiki/OV_language" class="mw-redirect" title="OV language">object–verb</a> when the subject is not specified.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The language lacks <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_gender" title="Grammatical gender">gender</a> and has no native <a href="/wiki/Definite_article" class="mw-redirect" title="Definite article">definite article</a> but, due to influence from Spanish, <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">la</i></span> is used as a definite article for singular reference and <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">lo</i></span> for plural reference. These are not found in Classical Guarani (<i>Guaraniete</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nouns">Nouns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guarani_language&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Nouns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Guarani exhibits nominal tense: past, expressed with <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">-kue</i></span>, and future, expressed with <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">-rã</i></span>. For example, <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">tetã ruvichakue</i></span> translates to "ex-president" while <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">tetã ruvicharã</i></span> translates to "president-elect." The past morpheme <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">-kue</i></span> is often translated as "ex-", "former", "abandoned", "what was once", or "one-time". These morphemes can even be combined to express the idea of something that was going to be but did not end up happening. So for example, <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">paʼirãgue</i></span> is "a person who studied to be a priest but didn't actually finish", or rather, "the ex-future priest". Some nouns use <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">-re</i></span> instead of <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">-kue</i></span> and others use <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">-guã</i></span> instead of <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">-rã</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pronouns">Pronouns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guarani_language&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Pronouns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Guarani distinguishes between <a href="/wiki/Clusivity" title="Clusivity">inclusive and exclusive</a> pronouns of the first person plural. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th>singular </th> <th>plural </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">1st person </th> <th>inclusive </th> <td rowspan="2"><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">che</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">ñande</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>exclusive </th> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">ore</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">2nd person </th> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">nde</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">peẽ</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">3rd person </th> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">haʼe</i></span> </td> <td><span style="padding-right:0.15em;"><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">haʼekuéra/ hikuái</i></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-roman"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">hikuái</i></span> is a post-verbal pronoun (<span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">oHecha hikuái</i></span> 'they see')</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p>Reflexive pronoun: <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">je</i></span>: <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">ahecha</i></span> ("I look"), <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">ajehecha</i></span> ("I look at myself") </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conjugation">Conjugation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guarani_language&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Conjugation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Guarani stems can be divided into a number of conjugation classes, which are called <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">areal</i></span> (with the subclass <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">aireal</i></span>) and <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">chendal</i></span>. The names for these classes stem from the names of the prefixes for 1st and 2nd person singular. </p><p>The <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">areal</i></span> conjugation is used to convey that the participant is <a href="/wiki/Agent_(grammar)" title="Agent (grammar)">actively involved</a>, whereas the <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">chendal</i></span> conjugation is used to convey that the participant is the <a href="/wiki/Patient_(grammar)" title="Patient (grammar)">undergoer</a>. However, the <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">areal</i></span> conjugation is also used if an intransitive verb expresses <a href="/wiki/Aktionsart" class="mw-redirect" title="Aktionsart">an event as opposed to a state</a>, for example <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">manó</i></span> 'die', and even with a verb such as <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">ké</i></span> 'sleep'. In addition, all borrowed Spanish verbs are adopted as <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">areal</i></span> as opposed to borrowed adjectives, which take <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">chendal</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Intransitive verbs can take either conjugation, transitive verbs normally take <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">areal</i></span>, but can take <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">chendal</i></span> for <a href="/wiki/Habitual_aspect" title="Habitual aspect">habitual</a> readings. Nouns can also be conjugated, but only as <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">chendal</i></span>. This conveys a predicative possessive reading.<sup id="cite_ref-Nordhoff2004_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nordhoff2004-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Furthermore, the conjugations vary slightly according to the stem being oral or nasal. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="3">pronoun </th> <th colspan="2"><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">areal</i></span> </th> <th rowspan="2"><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">aireal</i></span> </th> <th rowspan="2"><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">chendal</i></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th>oral </th> <th>nasal </th></tr> <tr> <th><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">guata</i></span> <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">to walk</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">ñeʼẽ</i></span> <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">to speak</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">puru</i></span> <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">to use</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">tuicha</i></span> <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">to be big</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">che</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn"><b>a</b>-guata</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn"><b>a</b>-ñeʼẽ</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn"><b>ai</b>-puru</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn"><b>che</b>-tuicha</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">ñande</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn"><b>ja</b>-guata</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn"><b>ña</b>-ñeʼẽ</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn"><b>jai</b>-puru</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn"><b>ñande</b>-tuicha</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">ore</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn"><b>ro</b>-guata</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn"><b>ro</b>-ñeʼẽ</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn"><b>roi</b>-puru</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn"><b>ore</b>-tuicha</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">nde</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn"><b>re</b>-guata</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn"><b>re</b>-ñeʼẽ</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn"><b>rei</b>-puru</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn"><b>nde</b>-tuicha</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">peẽ</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn"><b>pe</b>-guata</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn"><b>pe</b>-ñeʼẽ</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn"><b>pei</b>-puru</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn"><b>pende</b>-tuicha</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">haʼe(kuéra)</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn"><b>o</b>-guata</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn"><b>o</b>-ñeʼẽ</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn"><b>oi</b>-puru</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn"><b>i</b>-tuicha</i></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Negation">Negation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guarani_language&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Negation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Negation is indicated by a <a href="/wiki/Circumfix" title="Circumfix">circumfix</a> <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">n(d)(V)-...-(r)i</i></span> in Guarani. The preverbal portion of the circumfix is <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">nd-</i></span> for oral bases and <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">n-</i></span> for nasal bases. For 2nd person singular, an <a href="/wiki/Epenthetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Epenthetic">epenthetic</a> <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">-e-</i></span> is inserted before the base, for 1st person plural inclusive, an epenthetic <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">-a-</i></span> is inserted. </p><p>The postverbal portion is <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">-ri</i></span> for bases ending in <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">-i</i></span>, and <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">-i</i></span> for all others. However, in spoken Guarani, the <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">-ri</i></span> portion of the circumfix is frequently omitted for bases ending in <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">-i</i></span>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Oral verb </th> <th>Nasal verb </th> <th>With ending in "i" </th></tr> <tr> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">japo</i></span> <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">do, make</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">kororõ</i></span> <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">roar, snore</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">jupi</i></span> <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">go up, rise</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">nd-ajapó-i</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">n-akororõ-i</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">nd-ajupí-ri</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">nde-rejapó-i</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">ne-rekororõ-i</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">nde-rejupí-ri</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">nd-ojapó-i</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">n-okororõ-i</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">nd-ojupí-ri</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">nda-jajapó-i</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">na-ñakororõ-i</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">nda-jajupí-ri</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">nd-orojapó-i</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">n-orokororõ-i</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">nd-orojupí-ri</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">nda-pejapó-i</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">na-pekororõ-i</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">nda-pejupí-ri</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">nd-ojapó-i</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">n-okororõ-i</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">nd-ojupí-ri</i></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The negation can be used in all tenses, but for future or irrealis reference, the normal tense marking is replaced by <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">moʼã</i></span>, resulting in <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">n(d)(V)</i></span>-base-<span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">moʼã-i</i></span> as in <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">Ndajapomoʼãi</i></span>, "I won't do it". </p><p>There are also other negatives, such as: <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">ani</i></span>, <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">ỹhỹ</i></span>, <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">nahániri</i></span>, <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">naumbre</i></span>, <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">naʼanga</i></span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tense_and_aspect_morphemes">Tense and aspect morphemes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guarani_language&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Tense and aspect morphemes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">-ramo</i></span></b>: marks extreme proximity of the action, often translating to "just barely": <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">Oguahẽramo</i></span>, "He just barely arrived".<sup id="cite_ref-Graham,_1969_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graham,_1969-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 198">: 198 </span></sup></li> <li><b><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">-kuri</i></span></b>: marks proximity of the action. <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">Haʼukuri</i></span>, "I just ate" (<span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">ha'u</i></span> irregular first person singular form of <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">u</i></span>, "to eat"). It can also be used after a pronoun, as in <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">ha che kuri, che poʼa</i></span>, "and about what happened to me, I was lucky".</li> <li><b><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">-vaʼekue</i></span></b>: indicates a fact that occurred long ago and asserts that it's really truth. <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">Okañyvaʼekue</i></span>, "he/she went missing a long time ago".</li> <li><b><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">-raʼe</i></span></b>: tells that the speaker was doubtful before but he's sure at the moment he speaks. <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">Nde rejoguaraʼe peteĩ taʼangambyry pyahu</i></span>, "so then you bought a new television after all".</li> <li><b><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">-rakaʼe</i></span></b>: expresses the uncertainty of a perfect-aspect fact. <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">Peẽ peikorakaʼe Asunción-pe</i></span>, "I think you lived in Asunción for a while". Nevertheless, nowadays this morpheme has lost some of its meaning, having a correspondence with <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">raʼe</i></span> and <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">vaʼekue</i></span>.</li></ul> <p>The verb form without suffixes at all is a <a href="/wiki/Present_tense" title="Present tense">present</a> somewhat <a href="/wiki/Aorist" title="Aorist">aorist</a>: <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">Upe ára resẽ reho mombyry</i></span>, "that day you got out and you went far". </p> <ul><li><b><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">-ta</i></span></b>: is a <a href="/wiki/Future_tense" title="Future tense">future</a> of immediate happening, it's also used as authoritarian <a href="/wiki/Imperative_mood" title="Imperative mood">imperative</a>. <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">Oujeýta ag̃aite</i></span>, "he/she'll come back soon".</li> <li><b><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">-ma</i></span></b>: has the meaning of "already". <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">Ajapóma</i></span>, "I already did it".</li></ul> <p>These two suffixes can be added together: <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">ahátama</i></span>, "I'm already going". </p> <ul><li><b><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">-vaʼerã</i></span></b>: indicates something not imminent or something that must be done for social or moral reasons, in this case corresponding to the <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> <a href="/wiki/Modal_verb" title="Modal verb">modal verb</a> <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">sollen</i></span>. <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">Péa ojejapovaʼerã</i></span>, "that must be done".</li> <li><b><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">-ne</i></span></b>: indicates something that probably will happen or something the speaker imagines that is happening. It correlates in a certain way with the <a href="/wiki/Subjunctive" class="mw-redirect" title="Subjunctive">subjunctive</a> of <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Language">Spanish</a>. <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">Mitãnguéra ág̃a og̃uahéne hógape</i></span>, "the children are probably coming home now".</li> <li><b><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">-hína</i></span></b>, <b><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">-ína</i></span></b> after nasal words: continual action at the moment of speaking, present and pluperfect continuous or emphatic. <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">Rojatapyhína</i></span>, "we're making fire"; <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">che haʼehína</i></span>, "it's ME!".</li> <li><b><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">-vo</i></span></b>: it has a subtle difference with <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">-hína</i></span> in which <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">-vo</i></span> indicates not necessarily what's being done at the moment of speaking. <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">ambaʼapóvo</i></span>, "I'm working (not necessarily now)".</li> <li><b><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">-pota</i></span></b>: indicates proximity immediately before the start of the process. <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">Ajukapota</i></span>, "I'm near the point at which I will start to kill" or "I'm just about to kill". (A particular sandhi rule is applied here: if the verbs ends in <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">-po</i></span>, the suffix changes to <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">-mbota</i></span>; <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">ajapombota</i></span>, "I'll do it right now").</li> <li><b><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">-pa</i></span></b>: indicates emphatically that a process has all finished. <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">Amboparapa pe ogyke</i></span>, "I painted the wall completely".</li></ul> <p>This suffix can be joined with <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">-ma</i></span>, making up <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">-páma</i></span>: <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">ñande jaikuaapáma nde remimoʼã</i></span>, "now we came to know all your thought". </p> <ul><li><b><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">-mi</i></span></b>: customary action in the past: <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">Oumi</i></span>, "He used to come a lot".</li></ul> <p>These are unstressed suffixes: <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">-ta, -ma, -ne, -vo, -mi</i></span>; so the stress goes upon the last syllable of the verb or the last stressed syllable. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_verbal_morphemes">Other verbal morphemes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guarani_language&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Other verbal morphemes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">-se</i></span></b>: desiderative suffix: <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">(Che) añemoaranduse</i></span>, "I want to study".<sup id="cite_ref-Blair_1_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blair_1-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">te-</i></span></b>: desiderative prefix: <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">Ahasa</i></span>, "I pass", <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">Tahasa</i></span>, "I would like to pass." <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">te-</i></span> is the underlying form. It is similar to the negative in that it has the same vowel alternations and deletions, depending on the person marker on the verb.<sup id="cite_ref-Graham,_1969_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graham,_1969-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 108">: 108 </span></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Determiners">Determiners</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guarani_language&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Determiners"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:30%;">Guarani</th> <th>English</th> <th>Spanish </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">1 – Demonstratives: </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">(a) With near objects and entities (you see it) </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">ko</i></span></td> <td>this</td> <td><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">este, esta</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">upe/pe</i></span></td> <td>that</td> <td><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">ese, esa</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">amo</i></span></td> <td>that/yonder</td> <td><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">aquel, aquella</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">peteĩ-teĩ (+/- va)</i></span></td> <td>each</td> <td><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">cada uno</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">koʼã, ã, áã</i></span></td> <td>these</td> <td><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">estos, estas</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">umi</i></span></td> <td>those</td> <td><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">esos, esas, aquellos, aquellas</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">(b) Indefinite, with far objects and entities (you do not see it -remembering demonstratives): </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">ku</i></span></td> <td>that (singular)</td> <td><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">aquel, aquella</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">akói</i></span></td> <td>those (plural)</td> <td><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">aquellos, aquellas</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">(c) Other usual demonstratives determiners: </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">opa</i></span></td> <td>all</td> <td><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">todo, toda, todos, todas</i></span> (with all entities) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">mayma</i></span></td> <td>all</td> <td><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">todos, todas</i></span> (with people) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">mbovy-</i></span></td> <td>some, a few, determinate</td> <td><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">unos, unas</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">heta</i></span></td> <td>a lot of, very much</td> <td><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">muchos, muchas</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">ambue (+/- kuéra)</i></span></td> <td>other</td> <td><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">otros, otras</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">ambue</i></span></td> <td>another</td> <td><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">otro, otra</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">ambueve:</i></span></td> <td>The other</td> <td><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">el otro, la otra</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">ambueve</i></span></td> <td>other, another</td> <td><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">otro, otros, (enfático) –</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">oimeraẽ</i></span></td> <td>either</td> <td><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">cualquiera</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">mokoĩve</i></span></td> <td>both</td> <td><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">ambos, ambas</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">ni peteĩ (+/- ve)</i></span></td> <td>neither</td> <td><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">ni el uno ni el otro</i></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spanish_loans_in_Guarani">Spanish loans in Guarani</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guarani_language&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Spanish loans in Guarani"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The close and prolonged contact Spanish and Guarani have experienced has resulted in many Guarani words of Spanish origin. Many of these loans were for things or concepts unknown to the <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a> prior to <a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Spanish colonization of the Americas">Spanish colonization</a>. Examples are seen below:<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Semantic category </th> <th colspan="2">Spanish </th> <th colspan="2">Guarani </th> <th rowspan="2">English </th></tr> <tr> <th>Orthography</th> <th>IPA </th> <th>Orthography</th> <th>IPA </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">animals </td> <td><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">vaca</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/baka/</span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">vaka</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʋaka/</span></td> <td>cow </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">caballo</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/kabaʝo/</span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">kavaju</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/kaʋaᵈju/</span></td> <td>horse </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">cabra</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/kabɾa/</span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">kavara</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/kaʋaɾa/</span></td> <td>goat </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">religion </td> <td><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">cruz</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/kɾuθ/</span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">kurusu</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/kuɾusu/</span></td> <td>cross </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Jesucristo</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/xesukɾisto/</span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">Hesukrísto</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/xesuˈkɾisto/</span></td> <td>Jesus Christ </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Pablo</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/pablo/</span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">Pavlo</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/paʋlo/</span></td> <td>Paul (saint) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">place names </td> <td><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Australia</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/austɾalia/</span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">Autaralia</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/autaɾalia/</span></td> <td>Australia </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Islandia</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/islandia/</span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">Iylanda</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/iɨlaⁿda/</span></td> <td>Iceland </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Portugal</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/poɾtugal/</span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">Poytuga</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/poɨtuɰa/</span></td> <td>Portugal </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">foods </td> <td><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">queso</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/keso/</span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">kesu</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/kesu/</span></td> <td>cheese </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">azúcar</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/aθukaɾ/</span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">asuka</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/asuka/</span></td> <td>sugar </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">morcilla</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/moɾθiʝa/</span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">mbusia</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ᵐbusia/</span></td> <td>blood sausage </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">herbs/spices </td> <td><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">canela</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/kanela/</span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">kanéla</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/kaˈnela/</span></td> <td>cinnamon </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">culantro</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/kulantɾo/</span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">kuratũ</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/kũɾ̃ãtũ/</span></td> <td>cilantro (US), coriander (UK) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">anís</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/aˈnis/</span> </td> <td><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">ani</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ani/</span></td> <td>anise </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Guarani_loans_in_English">Guarani loans in English</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guarani_language&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Guarani loans in English"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>English has adopted a small number of words from Guarani (or perhaps the related <a href="/wiki/Tupi_language" title="Tupi language">Tupi</a>) via Portuguese, mostly the names of animals or plants. "<a href="/wiki/Jaguar" title="Jaguar">Jaguar</a>" comes from <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">jaguarete</i></span> and "<a href="/wiki/Pira%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Piraña">piraña</a>" comes from <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">pira aña</i></span> ("tooth fish" Tupi: <span title="Tupi languages collective text"><i lang="tup">pirá</i></span> 'fish', <span title="Tupi languages collective text"><i lang="tup">aña</i></span> 'tooth'). Other words are: "<a href="/wiki/Agouti" title="Agouti">agouti</a>" from <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">akuti</i></span>, "<a href="/wiki/Tapir" title="Tapir">tapir</a>" from <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">tapira</i></span>, "<a href="/wiki/A%C3%A7a%C3%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Açaí">açaí</a>" from <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">ĩwasaʼi</i></span> ("[fruit that] cries or expels water"), "<a href="/wiki/Warrah" class="mw-redirect" title="Warrah">warrah</a>" from <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">aguará</i></span> meaning "fox", and "<a href="/wiki/Margay" title="Margay">margay</a>" from <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbarakaja" class="extiw" title="gn:Mbarakaja">mbarakaja'y</a></i></span> meaning "small cat". <a href="/wiki/Jacaranda" title="Jacaranda">Jacaranda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guarana" title="Guarana">guarana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mandioca" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandioca">mandioca</a> are words of Guarani or Tupi–Guarani origin.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ipecac" class="mw-redirect" title="Ipecac">Ipecacuanha</a> (the name of a medicinal drug) comes from a homonymous Tupi–Guarani name that can be rendered as <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">ipe-kaa-guené</i></span>, meaning a creeping plant that makes one vomit.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "<a href="/wiki/Cougar" title="Cougar">Cougar</a>" is borrowed from Guarani <i>guazu ara</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The name of Paraguay is itself a Guarani word, as is the name of <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the exact meaning of either placename is subject to varied interpretations.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<i>See</i>: <a href="/wiki/List_of_country-name_etymologies#P" title="List of country-name etymologies">List of country-name etymologies</a>.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Example_text">Example text</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guarani_language&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Example text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Article 1 of the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Universal Declaration of Human Rights">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a> in Guarani: </p> <dl><dd><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">Mayma yvypóra ou ko yvy ári iñapytyʼyre ha eteĩcha tekoruvicharenda ha akatúape jeguerekópe; ha ikatu rupi oikuaa añetéva ha añeteʼyva, iporãva ha ivaíva, tekotevẽ pehenguéicha oiko oñondivekuéra.</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[maɨˈma<span class="wrap"> </span>ɨʋɨˈpoɾa<span class="wrap"> </span>oˈu<span class="wrap"> </span>ko<span class="wrap"> </span>ɨʋˈɨ<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈaɾi<span class="wrap"> </span>iɲapɨtɨʔɨˈɾe<span class="wrap"> </span>xa<span class="wrap"> </span>ẽtẽˈĩɕã<span class="wrap"> </span>tekoɾuʋiɕaɾeˈⁿda<span class="wrap"> </span>xa<span class="wrap"> </span>akaˈtuape<span class="wrap"> </span>ᵈjeweɾeˈkope;<span class="wrap"> </span>xa<span class="wrap"> </span>ikaˈtu<span class="wrap"> </span>ɾupi<span class="wrap"> </span>oikuaˈa<span class="wrap"> </span>aɲeˈteʋa<span class="wrap"> </span>xa<span class="wrap"> </span>aɲeteʔɨˈʋa,<span class="wrap"> </span>ĩpõɾ̃ˈãʋã<span class="wrap"> </span>xa<span class="wrap"> </span>iʋaˈiʋa<span class="wrap"> </span>tẽkõtẽˈʋẽ<span class="wrap"> </span>pexeˈᵑgʷeiɕa<span class="wrap"> </span>oiˈko<span class="wrap"> </span>oɲoⁿdiʋeˈkʷeɾa]</span></dd></dl> <p>Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in English: </p> <dl><dd><i>All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.</i><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literature">Literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guarani_language&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The New Testament was translated from Greek into Guarani by John William Lindsay (1875–1946), who was a Scottish medical missionary based in Belén, Paraguay. The New Testament was printed by the British and Foreign Bible Society in 1913. It is believed to be the first New Testament translated into any South American indigenous language. </p><p>A more modern translation of the whole <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> into Guarani is known as <span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn">Ñandejara Ñeʼẽ</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, Jehovah's Witnesses released the <a href="/wiki/New_World_Translation_of_the_Holy_Scriptures" class="mw-redirect" title="New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures">New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures</a> in Guarani,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> both in print and online.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Recently a series of novels in Guarani have been published: </p> <ul><li><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn"><a href="/wiki/Kalaito_Pombero" title="Kalaito Pombero">Kalaito Pombero</a></i></span> (Tadeo Zarratea, 1981)</li> <li><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn"><a href="/wiki/Pore%CA%BC%E1%BB%B9_rape" class="mw-redirect" title="Poreʼỹ rape">Poreʼỹ rape</a></i></span> (Hugo Centurión, 2016)</li> <li><span title="Guarani-language text"><i lang="gn"><a href="/wiki/Tatukua" title="Tatukua">Tatukua</a></i></span> (Arnaldo Casco Villalba, 2017)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Institutions">Institutions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guarani_language&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Institutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ateneo_de_Lengua_y_Cultura_Guaran%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ateneo de Lengua y Cultura Guaraní (page does not exist)">Ateneo de Lengua y Cultura Guaraní</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yvy_Mar%C3%A3e%CA%BC%E1%BB%B9_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Yvy Marãeʼỹ Foundation">Yvy Marãeʼỹ Foundation</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guarani_language&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/32px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/48px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/64px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="660" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Paraguay" title="Portal:Paraguay">Paraguay portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Globe_of_letters.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/28px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/42px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/56px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Languages">Languages portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guarani_languages" title="Guarani languages">Guarani languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nheengatu_language" title="Nheengatu language">Nheengatu language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jopar%C3%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Jopará">Jopará</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesuit_Reductions" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit Reductions">Jesuit Reductions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mby%C3%A1_Guaran%C3%AD_language" title="Mbyá Guaraní language">Mbyá Guaraní language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Tupi" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Tupi">Old Tupi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guarani_Wikipedia" title="Guarani Wikipedia">Guarani Wikipedia</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikiproyecto:Guaran%C3%AD" class="extiw" title="es:Wikiproyecto:Guaraní">WikiProject Guaraní</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guarani_language&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Spanish word <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">tesoro</i></span> means both "treasure" and "thesaurus", and makes this title a double entendre. The English word "treasure" is cognate with "thesaurus" and is also cognate with the Spanish word <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">tesoro</i></span>. These words all descend from the Ancient Greek word <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc">thēsaurós</i></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guarani_language&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFVerón2020" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Verón, Miguel Ángel (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://docplayer.es/195812327-Miguel-angel-veron-resumen-instituto-yvy-marae-y-universidad-nacional-de-asuncion.html">"The Guaraní language in the Digital Era: Perspectives and Challenges"</a>. <i>Arandu UTIC</i> (in Spanish). <b>VII</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2311-7559">2311-7559</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arandu+UTIC&rft.atitle=The+Guaran%C3%AD+language+in+the+Digital+Era%3A+Perspectives+and+Challenges&rft.volume=VII&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2020&rft.issn=2311-7559&rft.aulast=Ver%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Miguel+%C3%81ngel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdocplayer.es%2F195812327-Miguel-angel-veron-resumen-instituto-yvy-marae-y-universidad-nacional-de-asuncion.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuarani+language" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guarani_language&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-e24-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-e24_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/24/language/gug">Guarani</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (24th ed., 2021) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuturzikin2008" class="citation web cs1">Muturzikin (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.muturzikin.com/cartesamerique/12.htm">"Paraguai"</a>. muturzikin.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Paraguai&rft.pub=muturzikin.com&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Muturzikin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.muturzikin.com%2Fcartesamerique%2F12.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuarani+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWells2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_C._Wells" title="John C. Wells">Wells, John C.</a> (2008). <i>Longman Pronunciation Dictionary</i> (3rd ed.). Longman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4058-8118-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4058-8118-0"><bdi>978-1-4058-8118-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Longman+Pronunciation+Dictionary&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4058-8118-0&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=John+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuarani+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBritton2004" class="citation book cs1">Britton, A. Scott (2004). <i>Guaraní-English/English-Guaraní Concise Dictionary</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Hippocrene_Books" title="Hippocrene Books">Hippocrene Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guaran%C3%AD-English%2FEnglish-Guaran%C3%AD+Concise+Dictionary&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Hippocrene+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Britton&rft.aufirst=A.+Scott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuarani+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMortimer2006" class="citation journal cs1">Mortimer, K (2006). "Guaraní Académico or Jopará? Educator Perspectives and Ideological Debate in Paraguayan Bilingual Education". <i>Working Papers in Educational Linguistics</i>. <b>21</b> (2): 45–71.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Working+Papers+in+Educational+Linguistics&rft.atitle=Guaran%C3%AD+Acad%C3%A9mico+or+Jopar%C3%A1%3F+Educator+Perspectives+and+Ideological+Debate+in+Paraguayan+Bilingual+Education&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=45-71&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Mortimer&rft.aufirst=K&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuarani+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SimonRomero-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SimonRomero_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SimonRomero_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomero2012" class="citation news cs1">Romero, Simon (12 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120312190007/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/12/world/americas/in-paraguay-indigenous-language-with-unique-staying-power.html">"In Paraguay, Indigenous Language With Unique Staying Power"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. Asunción. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/12/world/americas/in-paraguay-indigenous-language-with-unique-staying-power.html?ref=global-home&pagewanted=all">the original</a> on 12 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+Paraguay%2C+Indigenous+Language+With+Unique+Staying+Power&rft.date=2012-03-12&rft.aulast=Romero&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F03%2F12%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fin-paraguay-indigenous-language-with-unique-staying-power.html%3Fref%3Dglobal-home%26pagewanted%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuarani+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ley5598-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ley5598_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120229101008/http://www.romanistik.uni-mainz.de/guarani/texte/Ley5598.pdf">"Ley Provincial Nº 5.598, que establece el guaraní como 'idioma oficial alternativo' de Corrientes"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.romanistik.uni-mainz.de/guarani/texte/Ley5598.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 29 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ley+Provincial+N%C2%BA+5.598%2C+que+establece+el+guaran%C3%AD+como+%27idioma+oficial+alternativo%27+de+Corrientes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.romanistik.uni-mainz.de%2Fguarani%2Ftexte%2FLey5598.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuarani+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051027052405/http://www.mapuche.info/indgen/indgen00.html">"Antecedentes sobre la población nativa de las Américas"</a>. <i>Centro de Documentación Mapuche</i> (in Spanish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mapuche.info/indgen/indgen00.html">the original</a> on 27 October 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Centro+de+Documentaci%C3%B3n+Mapuche&rft.atitle=Antecedentes+sobre+la+poblaci%C3%B3n+nativa+de+las+Am%C3%A9ricas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mapuche.info%2Findgen%2Findgen00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuarani+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131225063003/http://www.mercosur.int/buscarenmarco.jsp?url=http%3A%2F%2F200.40.51.218%2FSAM%2FGestDoc%2FPubWeb.nsf%2FBusqueda%3FOpenAgent&TextoBusqueda=guarani&modulo=Normativa&ModuloBusqueda=Normativa&lang=ESP%20">"Incorporación del Guaraní como Idioma del Mercosur"</a>. <i>MERCOSUR official page</i> (in Spanish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mercosur.int/buscarenmarco.jsp?url=http%3A//200.40.51.218/SAM/GestDoc/PubWeb.nsf/Busqueda%3FOpenAgent%26TextoBusqueda%3Dguarani%26modulo%3DNormativa%26ModuloBusqueda%3DNormativa%26lang%3DESP%20">the original</a> on 25 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MERCOSUR+official+page&rft.atitle=Incorporaci%C3%B3n+del+Guaran%C3%AD+como+Idioma+del+Mercosur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mercosur.int%2Fbuscarenmarco.jsp%3Furl%3Dhttp%253A%2F%2F200.40.51.218%2FSAM%2FGestDoc%2FPubWeb.nsf%2FBusqueda%253FOpenAgent%2526TextoBusqueda%253Dguarani%2526modulo%253DNormativa%2526ModuloBusqueda%253DNormativa%2526lang%253DESP%2520&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuarani+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Montoya, Antonio Ruiz de. <i>Tesoro de la lengua guaraní</i>. A LOS PADRES RELIGIOSOS "<span title="Spanish-language text"><span lang="es" style="font-style: normal;">Dió finalmente fin a eſte trabajo el tiempo de treinta años que he gaſtado entre Gentiles, y con eficaz eſtudio raſtreado lengua tan copioſa, y elegante, que con razon puede competir con las de fama.</span></span>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilde2001" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Wilde, Guillermo (2001). "Los guaraníes después de la expulsión de los jesuitas: dinámicas políticas y transacciones simbólicas" [The Guaraní after the expulsion of the Jesuits: political dynamics and symbolic transactions]. <i><a href="/wiki/Revista_Complutense_de_Historia_de_Am%C3%A9rica" title="Revista Complutense de Historia de América">Revista Complutense de Historia de América</a></i> (in Spanish). <b>27</b>: 69–106.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revista+Complutense+de+Historia+de+Am%C3%A9rica&rft.atitle=Los+guaran%C3%ADes+despu%C3%A9s+de+la+expulsi%C3%B3n+de+los+jesuitas%3A+din%C3%A1micas+pol%C3%ADticas+y+transacciones+simb%C3%B3licas&rft.volume=27&rft.pages=69-106&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Wilde&rft.aufirst=Guillermo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuarani+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTelesca2009" class="citation book cs1">Telesca, Ignacio (2009). <i>Tras los expulsos: cambios demográficos y territoriales en el paraguay después de la expulsión de los jesuitas</i>. Asunción: Universidad Católica "Nuestra Señora De La Asunción".</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tras+los+expulsos%3A+cambios+demogr%C3%A1ficos+y+territoriales+en+el+paraguay+despu%C3%A9s+de+la+expulsi%C3%B3n+de+los+jesuitas&rft.place=Asunci%C3%B3n&rft.pub=Universidad+Cat%C3%B3lica+%22Nuestra+Se%C3%B1ora+De+La+Asunci%C3%B3n%22&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Telesca&rft.aufirst=Ignacio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuarani+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThun2008" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Thun, Harald (2008). "La hispanización del guaraní jesuítico en 'lo espiritual' y en 'lo temporal'. Segunda parte: Los procedimientos". In Dietrich, Wolf; Symeonidis, Haralambos (eds.). <i>Geschichte und Aktualität der deutschprachigen Guaraní-Philologie</i>. Berlin: Lit Verlag. pp. 141–169.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=La+hispanizaci%C3%B3n+del+guaran%C3%AD+jesu%C3%ADtico+en+%27lo+espiritual%27+y+en+%27lo+temporal%27.+Segunda+parte%3A+Los+procedimientos&rft.btitle=Geschichte+und+Aktualit%C3%A4t+der+deutschprachigen+Guaran%C3%AD-Philologie&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pages=141-169&rft.pub=Lit+Verlag&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Thun&rft.aufirst=Harald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuarani+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRestivo1724" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Restivo, Paulo (1724). <i>Vocabulario de la lengua guaraní</i> (in Spanish). Madrid.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vocabulario+de+la+lengua+guaran%C3%AD&rft.place=Madrid&rft.date=1724&rft.aulast=Restivo&rft.aufirst=Paulo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuarani+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuarania2008" class="citation book cs1">Guarania, Félix (2008). <i>Ñande Ayvu Tenonde Porãngue'i: Nuevo diccionario guaraní́-castellano, castellano-guaraní́: Avañe'ẽ-karaiñe'ẽ, Karaiñe'ẽ-avañe'ẽ</i>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ultimahora.com/notas/571537-Biblia-en-guarani-es-incluida-oficialmente-en-el-Vaticano">the original</a> on 27 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%C3%9Altima+Hora&rft.atitle=Biblia+en+guaran%C3%AD+es+incluida+oficialmente+en+el+Vaticano&rft.date=2012-10-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ultimahora.com%2Fnotas%2F571537-Biblia-en-guarani-es-incluida-oficialmente-en-el-Vaticano&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuarani+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jw.org/en/news/jw/region/paraguay/Jehovahs-Witnesses-Release-New-World-Translation-in-Guarani/">"Jehovah's Witnesses Release New World Translation in Guarani"</a>. <i>jw.org</i>. Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania. 20 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=jw.org&rft.atitle=Jehovah%27s+Witnesses+Release+New+World+Translation+in+Guarani&rft.date=2019-08-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jw.org%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fjw%2Fregion%2Fparaguay%2FJehovahs-Witnesses-Release-New-World-Translation-in-Guarani%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuarani+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jw.org/gug/testigos-de-jehov%C3%A1/o%C3%B1eporandu-mem%C3%A9va/jw-biblia-tnm/">"¿Orekópa umi testígo de Jehová ibíblia tee?"</a> [Do Jehovah's Witnesses have their own Bible?]. <i>jw.org</i> (in Guarani). Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=jw.org&rft.atitle=%C2%BFOrek%C3%B3pa+umi+test%C3%ADgo+de+Jehov%C3%A1+ib%C3%ADblia+tee%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jw.org%2Fgug%2Ftestigos-de-jehov%25C3%25A1%2Fo%25C3%25B1eporandu-mem%25C3%25A9va%2Fjw-biblia-tnm%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuarani+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jw.org/gug/Vivliot%C3%A9ka/biblia/nwt/livroku%C3%A9ra/">"Ñandejára Ñeʼẽ La Biblia"</a>. <i>jw.org</i>. Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=jw.org&rft.atitle=%C3%91andej%C3%A1ra+%C3%91e%CA%BC%E1%BA%BD+La+Biblia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jw.org%2Fgug%2FVivliot%25C3%25A9ka%2Fbiblia%2Fnwt%2Flivroku%25C3%25A9ra%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuarani+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guarani_language&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Carvalho2022" class="citation journal cs1">de Carvalho, Fernando O. (2022). "A new sound change for Guarani(an): glottal prothesis, internal classification, and the explanation of synchronic irregularities". <i>Folia Linguistica</i>. <b>56</b> (43–s1): 263–288. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fflin-2022-2026">10.1515/flin-2022-2026</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:249549872">249549872</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Folia+Linguistica&rft.atitle=A+new+sound+change+for+Guarani%28an%29%3A+glottal+prothesis%2C+internal+classification%2C+and+the+explanation+of+synchronic+irregularities&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=43%E2%80%93s1&rft.pages=263-288&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fflin-2022-2026&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A249549872%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=de+Carvalho&rft.aufirst=Fernando+O.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuarani+language" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guarani_language&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><i><b><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="gn:"> Guarani edition</a></b></i> of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, the free encyclopedia</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Guaran%C3%AD_language" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Guaraní language">Guaraní language</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://es.wikibooks.org/wiki/Guaran%C3%AD">Guarani</a> at <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks" title="Wikibooks">Wikibooks</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.staff.uni-mainz.de/lustig/guarani">Guarani Portal from the University of Mainz</a>:</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111018082243/http://www.guaranirenda.com/">www.guaranirenda.com</a> – Website about the Guarani language</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soundsandcolours.com/articles/paraguay/guarani-and-the-importance-of-maintaining-indigenous-language/">Guarani and the Importance of Maintaining Indigenous Culture Through Language</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150429003614/http://www.soundsandcolours.com/articles/paraguay/guarani-and-the-importance-of-maintaining-indigenous-language/">Archived</a> 2015-04-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ru.nl/lenguasdebolivia/">Lenguas de Bolivia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190904080403/http://www.ru.nl/lenguasdebolivia/">Archived</a> 4 September 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (online edition)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duolingo" title="Duolingo">Duolingo</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.duolingo.com/course/gn/es">course in Guarani</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Resources">Resources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guarani_language&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Resources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10107709/1/A-Grammar-of-Paraguayan-Guarani.pdf">A Grammar of Paraguayan Guarani</a> – by Bruno Estigarribia, UCL Press (open access, Creative Commons license)</li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Swadesh_lists_for_Tupi–Guarani_languages">Guarani Swadesh vocabulary list</a> (from Wiktionary)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040410201836/http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definition/Guarani-english/">Guarani–English Dictionary</a>: from *<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120223164907/http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/">Webster's Online Dictionary</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Rosetta_Edition" class="mw-redirect" title="The Rosetta Edition">The Rosetta Edition</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guarani.de/">www.guarani.de</a> – Online dictionary in Spanish, German and Guarani</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060102212448/http://crl.ucsd.edu/newsletter/3-6/Article1.html">Guarani Possessive Constructions</a>: – by Maura Velázquez</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110807061206/http://wwwstaff.eva.mpg.de/~cschmidt/SWL1/handouts/Nordhoff.pdf">Stative Verbs and Possession in Guarani</a>: – <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cologne" title="University of Cologne">University of Cologne</a> - by Sebastian Nordhoff</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171011132856/http://www.datamex.com.py/guarani/neenga/neejoapy_latineeme.html">Frases celebres del Latin traducidas al guarani</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://albino-guaranikupyty.blogspot.com/">Spanish – Estructura Basica del Guarani and others</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.illa-a.org/wp/diccionarios/guarani-elio-ortiz-y-elias-caurey/">Etymological and Ethnographic Dictionary for Bolivian Guarani</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ids.clld.org/contributions/290">Guaraní</a> (<a href="/wiki/Intercontinental_Dictionary_Series" title="Intercontinental Dictionary Series">Intercontinental Dictionary Series</a>)</li></ul> <div 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Argentina" title="Template:Languages of Argentina"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Argentina" title="Template talk:Languages of Argentina"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Argentina" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Argentina"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Argentina" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Argentina" title="Languages of Argentina">Languages of Argentina</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Spanish" class="mw-redirect" title="Argentine Spanish">Spanish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guarani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_language" title="Mapuche language">Mapuche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quechua_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Quechua language">Quechua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indigenous<br />languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chonan_languages" title="Chonan languages">Chonan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puelche_language" title="Puelche language"><i>Puelche</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehuelche_language" title="Tehuelche language">Tehuelche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teushen_language" title="Teushen language"><i>Teushen</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mataco%E2%80%93Guaicuru_languages" title="Mataco–Guaicuru languages">Mataco–<br />Guaicuru</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Charruan_languages" title="Charruan languages">Charruan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balomar_language" title="Balomar language">Balomar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guaicuruan_languages" title="Guaicuruan languages">Guaicuruan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Abip%C3%B3n_language" title="Abipón language">Abipón</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guachi_language" title="Guachi language">Guachi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mocov%C3%AD_language" title="Mocoví language">Mocoví</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Payagua_language" title="Payagua language">Payaguá</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilag%C3%A1_language" title="Pilagá language">Pilagá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toba_Qom_language" title="Toba Qom language">Toba Qom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Matacoan_languages" title="Matacoan languages">Matacoan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iyo%27wujwa_Chorote_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Iyo'wujwa Chorote language">Iyo'wujwa Chorote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iyojwa%27ja_Chorote_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Iyojwa'ja Chorote language">Iyojwa'ja Chorote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nivacl%C3%A9_language" title="Nivaclé language">Nivaclé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wich%C3%AD_Lhamt%C3%A9s_G%C3%BCisnay" title="Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay">Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wich%C3%AD_Lhamt%C3%A9s_Nocten" title="Wichí Lhamtés Nocten">Wichí Lhamtés Nocten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wich%C3%AD_Lhamt%C3%A9s_Vejoz" title="Wichí Lhamtés Vejoz">Wichí Lhamtés Vejoz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quechuan_languages" title="Quechuan languages">Quechuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Quechua" title="Southern Quechua">Southern Quechua</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Santiague%C3%B1o_Quechua" title="Santiagueño Quechua">Santiagueño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Bolivian_Quechua" title="South Bolivian Quechua">South Bolivian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tupi%E2%80%93Guarani_languages" title="Tupi–Guarani languages">Tupi–Guarani</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ava_Guarani_language" title="Ava Guarani language">Ava Guarani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bolivian_Guaran%C3%AD_language" title="Eastern Bolivian Guaraní language">Eastern Bolivian Guaraní</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiw%C3%A1_language" title="Kaiwá language">Kaiwá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mby%C3%A1_Guaran%C3%AD_language" title="Mbyá Guaraní language">Mbyá Guaraní</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aymara_language" title="Aymara language">Aymara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chan%C3%A9_language" title="Chané language">Chané</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilela_language" title="Vilela language">Vilela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minority languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cocoliche" title="Cocoliche">Cocoliche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentinien-schwyzert%C3%BCtsch_dialect" title="Argentinien-schwyzertütsch dialect">Argentinien-schwyzertütsch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligurian_(Romance_language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ligurian (Romance language)">Ligurian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunfardo" title="Lunfardo">Lunfardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patagonian_Welsh" title="Patagonian Welsh">Patagonian Welsh</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dialects_of_Spanish" class="mw-redirect" title="Dialects of Spanish">Regional dialects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cordob%C3%A9s_Spanish" title="Cordobés Spanish">Cordobés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuyo_Spanish" title="Cuyo Spanish">Cuyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portu%C3%B1ol" title="Portuñol">Portuñol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rioplatense_Spanish" title="Rioplatense Spanish">Rioplatense</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vesre" title="Vesre">Vesre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andean_Spanish#Influence_on_nearby_areas" title="Andean Spanish">Tucumano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Sign_Language" title="Argentine Sign Language">Argentine Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Italics</i> indicate <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">extinct languages</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Bolivia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Bolivia" title="Template:Languages of Bolivia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Bolivia" title="Template talk:Languages of Bolivia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Bolivia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Bolivia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Bolivia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Bolivia" title="Languages of Bolivia">Languages of Bolivia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_Spanish" title="Bolivian Spanish">Spanish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indigenous<br />languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arawakan_languages" title="Arawakan languages">Arawakan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baure_language" title="Baure language">Baure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%C3%B1apari_language" title="Iñapari language">Iñapari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moxo_languages" title="Moxo languages">Moxo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauna_language" title="Pauna language">Pauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yine_language" title="Yine language">Yine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pano%E2%80%93Tacanan_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Pano–Tacanan languages">Pano–Tacanan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Araona_language" title="Araona language">Araona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavine%C3%B1a_language" title="Cavineña language">Cavineño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakobo_language" title="Chakobo language">Chácobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ese_Ejja_language" title="Ese Ejja language">Ese Ejja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reyesano_language" title="Reyesano language">Reyesano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacana_language" title="Tacana language">Tacana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toromono_language" title="Toromono language">Toromona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaminawa_language" title="Yaminawa language">Yaminawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quechuan_languages" title="Quechuan languages">Quechua</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cusco%E2%80%93Collao_Quechua" title="Cusco–Collao Quechua">Cusco–Collao Quechua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Bolivian_Quechua" title="North Bolivian Quechua">North Bolivian Quechua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Bolivian_Quechua" title="South Bolivian Quechua">South Bolivian Quechua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tupian_languages" title="Tupian languages">Tupian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guaraní</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bolivian_Guaran%C3%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Bolivian Guaraní">Eastern Bolivian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guarayu_language" title="Guarayu language">Guarayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirion%C3%B3_language" title="Sirionó language">Sirionó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirion%C3%B3_language" title="Sirionó language">Yuki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aymara_language" title="Aymara language">Aymara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayoreo_language" title="Ayoreo language">Ayoreo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiquitano_language" title="Chiquitano language">Chiquitano</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Canichana_language" title="Canichana language">Canichana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cayubaba_language" title="Cayubaba language">Cayubaba</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimane_language" title="Chimane language">Chimán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipaya_language" title="Chipaya language">Chipaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itonama_language" title="Itonama language">Itonama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leco_language" title="Leco language">Leco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kallawaya_language" title="Kallawaya language">Kallawaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itene_language" title="Itene language">Moré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movima_language" title="Movima language">Movima</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Puquina_language" title="Puquina language">Puquina</a></i></li> <li>Tonalla</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/War%C3%A1zu_language" title="Warázu language">Warázu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wich%C3%AD_Lhamt%C3%A9s_Nocten" title="Wichí Lhamtés Nocten">Weenhayek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuracar%C3%A9_language" title="Yuracaré language">Yuracaré</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Varieties_of_American_Sign_Language#Bolivian_Sign_Language" title="Varieties of American Sign Language">Bolivian Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Italics</i> indicate <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">extinct languages</a> still recognized by the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bolivia" title="Constitution of Bolivia">Bolivian constitution</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Brazil" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Brazil" title="Template:Languages of Brazil"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Brazil" title="Template talk:Languages of Brazil"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Brazil" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Brazil"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Brazil" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Brazil" title="Languages of Brazil">Languages of Brazil</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Portuguese" title="Brazilian Portuguese">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Sign_Language" title="Brazilian Sign Language">Brazilian Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_German" title="Brazilian German">German</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Pomeranian_dialect" title="East Pomeranian dialect">Pomeranian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunsrik" title="Hunsrik">Hunsrik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Talian_dialect" title="Talian dialect">Talian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indigenous<br />languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arawakan_languages" title="Arawakan languages">Arawakan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ash%C3%A1ninka_language" title="Asháninka language">Asháninka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atorada_language" title="Atorada language">Atorada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baniwa_language_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Baniwa language (disambiguation)">Baniwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barawana_language" title="Barawana language">Barawana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar%C3%A9_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Baré language">Baré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enawen%C3%AA-Naw%C3%AA_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Enawenê-Nawê language">Enawenê-Nawê</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawayana_language" title="Mawayana language">Mapidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehinaku_language" title="Mehinaku language">Mehinaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palik%C3%BAr_language" title="Palikúr language">Palikúr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paresi_language" title="Paresi language">Paresi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariana_language" title="Tariana language">Tariana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ter%C3%AAna_language" title="Terêna language">Terêna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wapishana_language" title="Wapishana language">Wapishana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warekena_language" title="Warekena language">Warekena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waur%C3%A1_language" title="Waurá language">Waurá</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arawan_languages" title="Arawan languages">Arawan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deni_language" title="Deni language">Deni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mad%C3%AD_language" title="Madí language">Jamamadí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulina_language" title="Kulina language">Kulina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paumar%C3%AD_language" title="Paumarí language">Paumarí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuruah%C3%A1_language" title="Zuruahá language">Zuruahá</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cariban_languages" title="Cariban languages">Cariban</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amonap_language" title="Amonap language">Amonap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apala%C3%AD_language" title="Apalaí language">Apalaí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakairi_language" title="Bakairi language">Bakairi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carib_language" title="Carib language">Carib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hixkaryana_language" title="Hixkaryana language">Hixkaryana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikpeng_language" title="Ikpeng language">Ikpeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macushi_language" title="Macushi language">Macushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Par%C3%A1_Ar%C3%A1ra_language" title="Pará Arára language">Pará Arára</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salum%C3%A1_language" title="Salumá language">Salumá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikiana_language" title="Sikiana language">Sikiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ye%27kuana_language" title="Ye'kuana language">Ye'kuana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waiwai_language" title="Waiwai language">Waiwai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Panoan_languages" title="Panoan languages">Panoan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amawaka_language" title="Amawaka language">Amawaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashinawa_language" title="Kashinawa language">Kashinawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipibo_language" title="Shipibo language">Shipibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaminawa_language" title="Yaminawa language">Yaminawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Macro-J%C3%AA_languages" title="Macro-Jê languages">Macro-Jê</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xer%C3%A9nte_language" title="Xerénte language">Akwẽ-Xerénte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apinay%C3%A9_language" title="Apinayé language">Apinajé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arikap%C3%BA_language" title="Arikapú language">Arikapú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bororo_language" title="Bororo language">Bororo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiquitano_language" title="Chiquitano language">Chiquitano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djeoromitx%C3%AD_language" title="Djeoromitxí language">Djeoromitxí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaingang_language" title="Kaingang language">Kaingang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaj%C3%A1_language" title="Karajá language">Karajá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%A9s%C3%AAdj%C3%AA_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kĩsêdjê language">Kĩsêdjê</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krenak_language" title="Krenak language">Krenak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xokleng_language" title="Xokleng language">Laklãnõ (Xokléng)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxakal%C3%AD_language" title="Maxakalí language">Maxakalí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayap%C3%B3_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kayapó language">Mẽbêngôkre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofay%C3%A9_language" title="Ofayé language">Ofayé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panar%C3%A1_language" title="Panará language">Panará</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rikbaktsa_language" title="Rikbaktsa language">Rikbaktsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapayuna_language" title="Tapayuna language">Tapayúna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timbira_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Timbira languages">Timbira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xavante_language" title="Xavante language">Xavante</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nadahup_languages" title="Nadahup languages">Nadahup</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A2w_language" title="Dâw language">Dâw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hup_language" title="Hup language">Hup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakwa_language" title="Kakwa language">Kakwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nad%C3%ABb_language" title="Nadëb language">Nadëb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tupian_languages" title="Tupian languages">Tupian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akw%C3%A1wa_language" title="Akwáwa language">Akwáwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavi%C3%A3o_of_Jiparan%C3%A1" title="Gavião of Jiparaná">Gavião of Jiparaná</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juruna_language" title="Juruna language">Juruna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kagwahiva_language" title="Kagwahiva language">Kagwahiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiw%C3%A1_language" title="Kaiwá language">Kaiwá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munduruku_language" title="Munduruku language">Munduruku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nheengatu" class="mw-redirect" title="Nheengatu">Nheengatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omagua_language" title="Omagua language">Omagua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapirap%C3%A9_language" title="Tapirapé language">Tapirapé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenetehara_language" title="Tenetehara language">Tenetehara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xeta_language" title="Xeta language">Xeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xipaya_language" title="Xipaya language">Xipaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zo%27%C3%A9_language" title="Zo'é language">Zo'é</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chapacuran_languages" title="Chapacuran languages">Chapacuran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oro_Win_language" title="Oro Win language">Oro Win</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wari%CA%BC_language" title="Wariʼ language">Wariʼ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tukanoan_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Tukanoan languages">Tukanoan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cubeo_language" title="Cubeo language">Cubeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucano_language" title="Tucano language">Tukano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuyuca_language" title="Tuyuca language">Tuyuca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanano_language" title="Wanano language">Wanano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nambikwaran_languages" title="Nambikwaran languages">Nambikwaran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mamaind%C3%AA_language" title="Mamaindê language">Mamaindê</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nambikwara_language" title="Nambikwara language">Nambikwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saban%C3%AA_language" title="Sabanê language">Sabanê</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aikan%C3%A3_language" title="Aikanã language">Aikanã</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arutani_language" title="Arutani language">Arutani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guat%C3%B3_language" title="Guató language">Guató</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irantxe_language" title="Irantxe language">Irantxe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadiw%C3%A9u_language" title="Kadiwéu language">Kadiwéu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanamar%C3%AD_language" title="Kanamarí language">Kanamarí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katawixi_language" title="Katawixi language">Katawixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwaza_language" title="Kwaza language">Kwaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninam_language" title="Ninam language">Ninam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirah%C3%A3_language" title="Pirahã language">Pirahã</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticuna_language" title="Ticuna language">Ticuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xukuru_language" title="Xukuru language">Xukuru</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interlanguages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cafund%C3%B3_language" title="Cafundó language">Cafundó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karip%C3%BAna_French_Creole" title="Karipúna French Creole">Lanc-Patuá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Paulista" title="Italo-Paulista">Macarrônico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulista_General_Language" title="Paulista General Language">Paulista General Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_Portuguese" title="Uruguayan Portuguese">Portunhol fronteiriço</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Sign_Language" title="Brazilian Sign Language">Brazilian Sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka%27apor_Sign_Language" title="Ka'apor Sign Language">Ka'apor Sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terena_Sign_Language" title="Terena Sign Language">Terena Sign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-official</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_language" title="Romani language">Vlax Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Creole" title="Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Paraguay" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Paraguay" title="Template:Languages of Paraguay"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Paraguay" title="Template talk:Languages of Paraguay"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Paraguay" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Paraguay"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Paraguay" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Paraguay" title="Languages of Paraguay">Languages of Paraguay</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_Spanish" title="Paraguayan Spanish">Spanish</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guaraní</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indigenous<br />languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guaicuruan_languages" title="Guaicuruan languages">Guaicuruan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toba_Qom_language" title="Toba Qom language">Toba Qom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mascoian_languages" title="Mascoian languages">Mascoian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angait%C3%A9_language" title="Angaité language">Angaité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlhet_language" title="Enlhet language">Enlhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enxet_language" title="Enxet language">Enxet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaskih%C3%A1_language" title="Kaskihá language">Kaskihá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanapan%C3%A1_language" title="Sanapaná language">Sanapaná</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toba-Maskoy_language" title="Toba-Maskoy language">Toba-Maskoy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Matacoan_languages" title="Matacoan languages">Matacoan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iyo%27wujwa_Chorote_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Iyo'wujwa Chorote language">Iyo'wujwa Chorote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maka_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Maka language">Maka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nivacl%C3%A9_language" title="Nivaclé language">Nivaclé</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tupi%E2%80%93Guarani_languages" title="Tupi–Guarani languages">Tupi–Guarani</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ach%C3%A9_language" title="Aché language">Aché</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ava_Guarani_language" title="Ava Guarani language">Ava Guarani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pai_Tavytera_language" title="Pai Tavytera language">Pai Tavytera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zamucoan_languages" title="Zamucoan languages">Zamucoan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayoreo_language" title="Ayoreo language">Ayoreo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamacoco_language" title="Chamacoco language">Chamacoco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other European languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> (<a href="/wiki/Plautdietsch" title="Plautdietsch">Plautdietsch</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_Sign_Language" title="Paraguayan Sign Language">Paraguayan Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tupian_languages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tupian_languages" title="Template:Tupian languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tupian_languages" title="Template talk:Tupian languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tupian_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tupian languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tupian_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tupian_languages" title="Tupian languages">Tupian languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arikem_languages" title="Arikem languages">Arikem</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arikem_language" title="Arikem language">Arikem</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kabixiana_language" title="Kabixiana language">Kabixiana</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kariti%C3%A2na_language" title="Karitiâna language">Karitiâna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tupari_languages" title="Tupari languages">Tupari</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akuntsu_language" title="Akuntsu language">Akuntsu</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kepkiriw%C3%A1t_language" title="Kepkiriwát language">Kepkiriwát</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makurap_language" title="Makurap language">Makurap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mek%C3%A9ns_language" title="Mekéns language">Mekens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupari_language" title="Tupari language">Tupari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayor%C3%B3_language" title="Wayoró language">Wayoró</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monde_languages" title="Monde languages">Mondé</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aru%C3%A1shi_language" title="Aruáshi language">Aruáshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinta_Larga_language" title="Cinta Larga language">Cinta Larga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavi%C3%A3o_of_Jiparan%C3%A1" title="Gavião of Jiparaná">Gavião of Jiparaná</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guariba_Ar%C3%A1ra_language" title="Guariba Arára language">Guariba Arára</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mond%C3%A9_language" title="Mondé language">Mondé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suru%C3%AD_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Suruí language">Suruí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoro_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoro language">Zoro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Purubora_language" title="Purubora language">Puruborá</a>–<br /><a href="/wiki/Ramarama_languages" title="Ramarama languages">Ramarama</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramarama_language" title="Ramarama language">Karo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purubora_language" title="Purubora language">Puruborá</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Urumi_language" title="Urumi language">Urumi</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yuruna_languages" title="Yuruna languages">Yuruna</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juruna_language" title="Juruna language">Juruna</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maritsau%C3%A1_language" title="Maritsauá language">Maritsauá</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xipaya_language" title="Xipaya language">Xipaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Munduruku_languages" title="Munduruku languages">Munduruku</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kuruaya_language" title="Kuruaya language">Kuruaya</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munduruku_language" title="Munduruku language">Munduruku</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maweti%E2%80%93Guarani_languages" title="Maweti–Guarani languages">Maweti–Guarani</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maw%C3%A9_language" title="Mawé language">Mawé</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Aweti–Guarani" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aweti–Guarani</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awet%C3%AF_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Awetï language">Awetï</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Tupi–Guarani" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tupi%E2%80%93Guarani_languages" title="Tupi–Guarani languages">Tupi–Guarani</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guarani_languages" title="Guarani languages">Guarani</a> (I)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ach%C3%A9_language" title="Aché language">Aché</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guarani_dialects" title="Guarani dialects">Guarani</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Ava_Guarani_language" title="Ava Guarani language">Chiripá</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Jopara" title="Jopara">Jopara</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bolivian_Guaran%C3%AD_language" title="Eastern Bolivian Guaraní language">East Bolivian</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Mby%C3%A1_Guaran%C3%AD_language" title="Mbyá Guaraní language">Mbyá</a></small></li> <li><small><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Paraguayan</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Western_Bolivian_Guarani" title="Western Bolivian Guarani">West Bolivian</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiw%C3%A1_language" title="Kaiwá language">Kaiwá</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Pai_Tavytera_language" title="Pai Tavytera language">Pai Tavytera</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xeta_language" title="Xeta language">Xeta</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guarayu_languages" title="Guarayu languages">Guarayu</a> (II)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guarayu_language" title="Guarayu language">Guarayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauserna_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pauserna language">Pauserna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirion%C3%B3_language" title="Sirionó language">Sirionó</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tupi_languages" title="Tupi languages">Tupi</a> (III)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tupi_language" title="Tupi language">Old Tupi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paulista_General_Language" title="Paulista General Language">Paulista General Language</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocama_language" title="Cocama language">Cocama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nheengatu_language" title="Nheengatu language">Nheengatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omagua_language" title="Omagua language">Omagua</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Potiguara_language" title="Potiguara language">Potiguara</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tenetehara_languages" title="Tenetehara languages">Tenetehara</a> (IV)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akw%C3%A1wa_language" title="Akwáwa language">Akwáwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Av%C3%A1-Canoeiro_language" title="Avá-Canoeiro language">Avá-Canoeiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapirap%C3%A9_language" title="Tapirapé language">Tapirapé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenetehara_language" title="Tenetehara language">Tenetehara</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Guajajara" title="Guajajara">Guajajara</a></small></li> <li><small><i><a href="/wiki/Turiw%C3%A1ra_language" title="Turiwára language">Turiwára</a></i></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xingu_languages" title="Xingu languages">Xingu</a> (V)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amanay%C3%A9_language" title="Amanayé language">Amanayé</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anamb%C3%A9_language" title="Anambé language">Anambé</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ararandewara_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ararandewara language">Ararandewara</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arawet%C3%A9_language" title="Araweté language">Araweté</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aur%C3%A1_language" title="Aurá language">Aurá</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingu_Asurini_language" title="Xingu Asurini language">Xingu Asurini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kawah%C3%ADb_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kawahíb language">Kawahíb</a> (VI)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apiak%C3%A1_language" title="Apiaká language">Apiaká</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakobo_language" title="Chakobo language">Karipuna</a> (Jau-Navo)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kagwahiva_language" title="Kagwahiva language">Kagwahiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayabi_language" title="Kayabi language">Kayabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uru-Pa-In_language" title="Uru-Pa-In language">Uru-Pa-In</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kamayur%C3%A1_language" title="Kamayurá language">Kamayurá</a> (VII)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamayur%C3%A1_language" title="Kamayurá language">Kamayurá</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Tupi%E2%80%93Guarani_languages" title="Northern Tupi–Guarani languages">Northern</a> (VIII)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emerillon_language" title="Emerillon language">Emerillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guaj%C3%A1_language" title="Guajá language">Guajá</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Takunyap%C3%A9_language" title="Takunyapé language">Takunyapé</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka%27apor_language" title="Ka'apor language">Urubu–Kaapor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayampi_language" title="Wayampi language">Wayampi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayampipuk%C3%BA_language" title="Wayampipukú language">Wayampipukú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zo%27%C3%A9_language" title="Zo'é language">Zo'é</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proto-language" title="Proto-language">Proto-languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Tupian_language" title="Proto-Tupian language">Proto-Tupian</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Italics</i> indicate <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">extinct languages</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35876#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4158502-1">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Guarani language"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85057601">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="guaránština"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph278598&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007543310805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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title="Category:Languages of Brazil">Languages of Brazil</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Languages_of_Paraguay" title="Category:Languages of Paraguay">Languages of Paraguay</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indigenous_languages_of_South_America_(Central)" title="Category:Indigenous languages of South America (Central)">Indigenous languages of South America (Central)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Subject%E2%80%93verb%E2%80%93object_languages" title="Category:Subject–verb–object languages">Subject–verb–object languages</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Guarani-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Guarani-language text">Articles containing Guarani-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Spanish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Spanish-language text">Articles containing Spanish-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Ancient_Greek_(to_1453)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text">Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Language_articles_citing_Ethnologue_24" title="Category:Language articles citing Ethnologue 24">Language articles citing Ethnologue 24</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Spanish-language_sources_(es)" title="Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)">CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">CS1 maint: others</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Guarani-language_sources_(gn)" title="Category:CS1 Guarani-language sources (gn)">CS1 Guarani-language sources (gn)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_December_2023" title="Category:Use dmy dates from December 2023">Use dmy dates from December 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Guarani_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Guarani IPA">Pages with Guarani IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Language_articles_with_Linguasphere_code" title="Category:Language articles with Linguasphere code">Language articles with Linguasphere code</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Languages_with_ISO_639-2_code" title="Category:Languages with ISO 639-2 code">Languages with ISO 639-2 code</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Languages_with_ISO_639-1_code" title="Category:Languages with ISO 639-1 code">Languages with ISO 639-1 code</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_September_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from September 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from September 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_plain_IPA" title="Category:Pages with plain IPA">Pages with plain IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing German-language text">Articles containing German-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_text_in_Tupi_languages" title="Category:Articles with text in Tupi languages">Articles with text in Tupi languages</a></li><li><a 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