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Curb feeler - Wikipedia

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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Device on a motor vehicle</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 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class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Curb_feeler" title="Special:EditPage/Curb feeler">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&amp;q=%22Curb+feeler%22">"Curb feeler"</a>&#160;–&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&amp;q=%22Curb+feeler%22+-wikipedia&amp;tbs=ar:1">news</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&amp;q=%22Curb+feeler%22&amp;tbs=bkt:s&amp;tbm=bks">newspapers</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&amp;q=%22Curb+feeler%22+-wikipedia">books</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Curb+feeler%22">scholar</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Curb+feeler%22&amp;acc=on&amp;wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rambler_American_1st-generation_black_sedan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Rambler_American_1st-generation_black_sedan.jpg/250px-Rambler_American_1st-generation_black_sedan.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Rambler_American_1st-generation_black_sedan.jpg/375px-Rambler_American_1st-generation_black_sedan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Rambler_American_1st-generation_black_sedan.jpg/500px-Rambler_American_1st-generation_black_sedan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="380" /></a><figcaption>Curb feeler mounted behind the front wheel of a 1950s <a href="/wiki/Rambler_American" title="Rambler American">Rambler American</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VAZ-2101-2103.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/VAZ-2101-2103.jpg/250px-VAZ-2101-2103.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/VAZ-2101-2103.jpg/375px-VAZ-2101-2103.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/VAZ-2101-2103.jpg/500px-VAZ-2101-2103.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Curb feeler on a 1973 <a href="/wiki/Lada" title="Lada">VAZ-2103 Ziguli</a> (left)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Curb feelers</b> or <b>curb finders</b> are <a href="/wiki/Spring_(device)" title="Spring (device)">springs</a> or wires installed on a vehicle that act as "whiskers" to alert drivers when they are at the right distance from the <a href="/wiki/Curb_(road)" class="mw-redirect" title="Curb (road)">curb</a> while parking. </p><p>The devices are fitted low on the body, close to the wheels. As the vehicle approaches the curb, the protruding feelers scrape against the curb, making a noise and alerting the driver in order to avoid damaging the wheels or <a href="/wiki/Hubcap" title="Hubcap">hubcaps</a>. The feelers are manufactured to be flexible and do not break easily. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hotrods">Hotrods</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curb_feeler&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Hotrods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Curb feelers are still used on some <a href="/wiki/Hot_rod" title="Hot rod">hot rods</a> when a 1950s look is wanted. They are especially popular for cars with <a href="/wiki/Whitewall_tire" title="Whitewall tire">whitewall tires</a>, which are easily marred when scraped against the curb. Sometimes curb feelers are found only on the passenger side of the car, since that is most commonly near the curb when parking. Sometimes they are added only next to the front wheels. Some curb feelers have a single wire or spring, while others have two to increase the area that can be protected. Any particular car may have just one curb feeler installed (as on the pictures) or more if attached near the front and rear, as well as on both sides of the vehicle. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recreational_vehicles">Recreational vehicles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curb_feeler&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Recreational vehicles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Recreational_vehicle" title="Recreational vehicle">Recreational vehicles</a> sometimes have rubber feelers or metal, antenna-like rods mounted on the lower part of the body that act as feelers so that drivers are warned if they are approaching a curb or other obstruction, thus reducing the chances of gouging or even cutting the tire sidewalls and generally increasing the safety of vehicle operation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Buses">Buses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curb_feeler&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Buses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bus" title="Bus">Buses</a> are sometimes fitted with curb feelers, which can assist the driver in ensuring that the bus is close enough to the curb to allow passengers to step to and from the curb easily. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Heavy_equipment">Heavy equipment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curb_feeler&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Heavy equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Today, the United States <a href="/wiki/Mine_Safety_and_Health_Administration" title="Mine Safety and Health Administration">Mine Safety and Health Administration</a> mentions that users of <a href="/wiki/Heavy_equipment" title="Heavy equipment">heavy equipment</a> can benefit from an analogous accessory: </p> <blockquote><p>In the 1950s, cars were often equipped with curb feelers. [...] Using a piece of 48-inch [120&#160;cm] <a href="/wiki/Conveyor_belt" title="Conveyor belt">conveyor belt</a>, 4 to 5 feet [1.2 to 1.5&#160;m] long by 4 to 6 inches [10 to 15&#160;cm] wide and a couple of pieces of angle iron, you can make a pinch-point feeler, a warning device for the corners of a continuous miner. This will give a warning nudge to anyone in the danger area, giving him or her about a two-foot [60&#160;cm] running start to stop the machine or to yell at the operator to stop. The belting is stiff enough to hold its shape but flexible enough to give if it runs into a miner or vice versa. The flexibility also allows this "curb feeler" to drag against the rib or be smacked by a shuttle car with little or no damage. A little spray from a can of reflective paint will make the belt a visual warning device as well. One or two on each corner will help or put as many as you want.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electronic_sensors">Electronic sensors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curb_feeler&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Electronic sensors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Curb feelers based on optical technology are designed to function the same way but work in the proximity of an obstruction rather than having to come into physical contact with it. As described by one <a href="/wiki/United_States_patent_law" title="United States patent law">United States patent</a>: </p> <blockquote><p>An electronic curb feeler system uses two pairs of optical sensor units to detect an object located near the front end of a vehicle during parking. One pair of optical sensor units detects an object directly in front of a left portion of the front end of the vehicle while another pair of optical sensors detects an object directly in front of a right portion of the front end of the vehicle. By supplying the operator of the vehicle with the location of the object as well as the exact distance the object is from the front end of the vehicle the operator can avoid hitting the object while parking very close to the object.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Devices such as this, and simpler electronic devices similar to the original wire curb feelers used on cars, are used in the design of various mobile <a href="/wiki/Robotics" title="Robotics">robotic</a> devices. One robotics company that does work for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">United States Department of Defense</a> uses <a href="/wiki/Laser" title="Laser">laser</a>-assisted curb feeler technology.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curb_feeler&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fender_skirts" title="Fender skirts">Fender skirts</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curb_feeler&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030402190017/https://www.msha.gov/Accident_Prevention/ideas/mechprox.htm">"MSHA's Accident Prevention Program Safety Ideas 'Mechanical Proximity Warning Device'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Labor" title="United States Department of Labor">United States Department of Labor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mine_Safety_and_Health_Administration" title="Mine Safety and Health Administration">Mine Safety and Health Administration</a>. 7 March 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msha.gov/Accident_Prevention/ideas/mechprox.htm">the original</a> on 2 April 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=MSHA%27s+Accident+Prevention+Program+Safety+Ideas+%27Mechanical+Proximity+Warning+Device%27&amp;rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Labor%2C+Mine+Safety+and+Health+Administration&amp;rft.date=2003-03-07&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.msha.gov%2FAccident_Prevention%2Fideas%2Fmechprox.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACurb+feeler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation patent" id="harv"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&amp;IDX=US5701122">US&#32;patent 5701122</a>,&#32;Thomas Canedy,&#32;"Electronic Curb Feeler",&#32;issued 1997-12-23</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent&amp;rft.number=5701122&amp;rft.cc=US&amp;rft.title=Electronic+Curb+Feeler&amp;rft.inventor=Thomas+Canedy&amp;rft.date=1997-12-23"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061207131917/http://www.darpa.mil/grandchallenge05/overview.html">"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.darpa.mil/grandchallenge05/overview.html">the original</a> on 2006-12-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-01-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Defense+Advanced+Research+Projects+Agency&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.darpa.mil%2Fgrandchallenge05%2Foverview.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACurb+feeler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backbone_chassis" title="Backbone chassis">Backbone chassis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beltline_(automotive)" title="Beltline (automotive)">Beltline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body-on-frame" title="Body-on-frame">Body-on-frame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bumper_(car)" title="Bumper (car)">Bumper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dagmar_bumper" title="Dagmar bumper">Dagmar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabrio_coach" title="Cabrio coach">Cabrio coach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chassis" title="Chassis">Chassis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_tire" title="Continental tire">Continental tire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crumple_zone" title="Crumple zone">Crumple zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fender_(vehicle)" title="Fender (vehicle)">Fender</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ponton_(car)" title="Ponton (car)">ponton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fender_skirts" title="Fender skirts">skirts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grille_(car)" title="Grille (car)">Grille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hood_(car)" title="Hood (car)">Hood</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hood_scoop" title="Hood scoop">scoop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shaker_scoop" title="Shaker scoop">shaker</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monocoque" title="Monocoque">Monocoque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overhang_(vehicles)" title="Overhang (vehicles)">Overhang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pillar_(car)" title="Pillar (car)">Pillar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car_platform" title="Car platform">Platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarter_panel" title="Quarter panel">Quarter panel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automobile_roof" title="Automobile roof">Roof</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roof_rack" title="Roof rack">rack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spoiler_(car)" title="Spoiler (car)">Spoiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stressed_member_engine" title="Stressed member engine">Stressed member engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subframe" title="Subframe">Subframe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonneau" title="Tonneau">Tonneau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trunk_lid" class="mw-redirect" title="Trunk lid">Trunk lid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;font-weight:normal;">Compartments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hood_(car)" title="Hood (car)">Hood/bonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trunk_(car)" title="Trunk (car)">Trunk/boot/dickie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Car_door" title="Car door">Doors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butterfly_doors" title="Butterfly doors">Butterfly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_canopy" title="Vehicle canopy">Canopy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gull-wing_door" title="Gull-wing door">Gull-wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scissor_doors" title="Scissor doors">Scissor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sliding_door_(car)" title="Sliding door (car)">Sliding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_door" title="Suicide door">Suicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swan_doors" title="Swan doors">Swan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_glass" title="Vehicle glass">Glass</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glass_run_channel" title="Glass run channel">Glass run channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_(car)" title="Greenhouse (car)">Greenhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_window" title="Opera window">Opera window</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_window" title="Power window">Power window</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarter_glass" title="Quarter glass">Quarter glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunroof" title="Sunroof">Sunroof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windshield" title="Windshield">Windshield/windscreen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windshield_washer_fluid" title="Windshield washer fluid">washer fluid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windscreen_wiper" title="Windscreen wiper">wiper</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;font-weight:normal;">Other elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bumper_sticker" title="Bumper sticker">Bumper sticker</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Curb feeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front-end_bra" title="Front-end bra">Front-end bra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hood_ornament" title="Hood ornament">Hood ornament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vehicle_instruments" title="List of vehicle instruments">Instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_black" title="Japan black">Japan black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerf_bar" title="Nerf bar">Nerf bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omniview_technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Omniview technology">Omniview technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_auto_parts" title="List of auto parts">Parts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tire" title="Tire">Tire/tyre</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Run-flat_tire" title="Run-flat tire">run-flat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spare_tire" title="Spare tire">spare</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;font-weight:normal;">Geometry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Approach_and_departure_angles" title="Approach and departure angles">Approach and departure angles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakover_angle" title="Breakover angle">Breakover angle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overhang_(vehicles)" title="Overhang (vehicles)">Overhang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ride_height" title="Ride height">Ride height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roll_center" title="Roll center">Roll center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turning_radius" title="Turning radius">Turning radius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weight_distribution" title="Weight distribution">Weight distribution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Exterior<br />equipment</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Automotive_lighting" title="Automotive lighting">Lighting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automotive_light_bulb_types" title="List of automotive light bulb types">Automotive light bulb types</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daytime_running_lamp" title="Daytime running lamp">Daytime running lamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headlamp" title="Headlamp">Headlamp</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_headlamp" title="Hidden headlamp">hidden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-intensity_discharge_lamp" title="High-intensity discharge lamp">high-intensity discharge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parabolic_aluminized_reflector" title="Parabolic aluminized reflector">sealed beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafficators" title="Trafficators">trafficators</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;font-weight:normal;">Other elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_horn" title="Vehicle horn">Horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Side-view_mirror" title="Side-view mirror">Side-view mirror</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_side-view_mirror" title="Power side-view mirror">power</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tow_hitch" title="Tow hitch">Tow hitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Window_deflector" title="Window deflector">Window deflector</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;font-weight:normal;">Legal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plate" title="Vehicle registration plate">Registration plate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vanity_plate" title="Vanity plate">vanity plate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motor_vehicle_theft" title="Motor vehicle theft">Theft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_identification_number" title="Vehicle identification number">Vehicle identification number (VIN)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Cars" title="Category:Cars">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Automobiles" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Automobiles">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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