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href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B7_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96_%D1%83_%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96" title="Управління з безпеки та охорони праці у гірничій промисловості – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Управління з безпеки та охорони праці у гірничій промисловості" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17069295#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Agency of the United States Department of Labor</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size: 125%;">Mine Safety and Health Administration</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mine_Safety_and_Health_Administration_emblem.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Mine Safety and Health Administration logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Mine_Safety_and_Health_Administration_emblem.png/200px-Mine_Safety_and_Health_Administration_emblem.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Mine_Safety_and_Health_Administration_emblem.png/300px-Mine_Safety_and_Health_Administration_emblem.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Mine_Safety_and_Health_Administration_emblem.png 2x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="163" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Agency overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">1977</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Jurisdiction</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">Federal Government of the United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Crystal_City,_Virginia" title="Crystal City, Virginia">Crystal City, Virginia</a>, U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employees</th><td class="infobox-data">1,631 <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069295?uselang=en#P1128" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Annual budget</th><td class="infobox-data">$379 million (2021 budget)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Agency executive</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;">Christopher Williamson, Assistant Secretary of Labor for Mine Safety and Health</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msha.gov/">www<wbr />.msha<wbr />.gov</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069295#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Mine Safety and Health Administration</b> (<b>MSHA</b>) (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>) is a large agency of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Labor" title="United States Department of Labor">United States Department of Labor</a> which administers the provisions of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Mine_Safety_and_Health_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Mine Safety and Health Act">Federal Mine Safety and Health Act</a> of 1977 (Mine Act) to enforce compliance with mandatory <a href="/wiki/Occupational_safety_and_health" title="Occupational safety and health">safety and health</a> standards as a means to eliminate fatal <a href="/wiki/Mining_accident" title="Mining accident">accidents</a>, to reduce the frequency and severity of nonfatal accidents, to minimize health hazards, and to promote improved safety and health conditions in the nation's mines.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MSHA carries out the mandates of the Mine Act at all <a href="/wiki/Mining" title="Mining">mining</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mineral_processing" title="Mineral processing">mineral processing</a> operations in the United States, regardless of size, number of employees, commodity mined, or method of extraction. <a href="/wiki/David_Zatezalo" title="David Zatezalo">David Zatezalo</a> was sworn in as Assistant Secretary of Labor for Mine Safety and Health, and head of MSHA, on November 30, 2017. He served until January 20, 2021. Jeannette Galanais served as Acting Assistant Secretary by President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> on February 1, 2021 until Christopher Williamson took office on April 11, 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>MSHA is organized into several divisions.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Coal Mine Safety and Health division is divided into 12 districts covering <a href="/wiki/Coal_mining" title="Coal mining">coal mining</a> in different portions of the United States. The Metal-Nonmetal Mine Safety and Health division covers six regions of the United States. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mine_Safety_and_Health_Administration&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_legislation">Early legislation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mine_Safety_and_Health_Administration&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early legislation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1891, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a> passed the first federal statute governing mine safety. The 1891 law was relatively modest legislation that applied only to mines in <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">U.S. territories</a>, and, among other things, established minimum <a href="/wiki/Underground_mine_ventilation" title="Underground mine ventilation">ventilation</a> requirements at underground coal mines and prohibited operators from employing children under 12 years of age.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1910, Congress established the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Bureau_of_Mines" title="United States Bureau of Mines">Bureau of Mines</a> as a new agency in the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Interior" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of the Interior">Department of the Interior</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Bureau was charged with the responsibility to conduct research and to reduce accidents in the coal mining industry, but was given no inspection authority until 1941, when Congress empowered federal inspectors to enter mines.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1947, Congress authorized the formulation of the first <a href="/wiki/Code_of_federal_regulations" class="mw-redirect" title="Code of federal regulations">code of federal regulations</a> for mine safety.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Federal_Coal_Mine_Safety_Act_of_1952" title="Federal Coal Mine Safety Act of 1952">Federal Coal Mine Safety Act of 1952</a> provided for annual inspections in certain underground coal mines, and gave the Bureau limited enforcement authority, including power to issue violation notices and imminent danger withdrawal orders.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1952 Act also authorized the assessment of <a href="/wiki/Civil_penalty" title="Civil penalty">civil penalties</a> against mine operators for noncompliance with withdrawal orders or for refusing to give inspectors access to mine property, although no provision was made for monetary penalties for noncompliance with the safety provisions. In 1966, Congress extended coverage of the 1952 Coal Act to all underground coal mines.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first federal statute directly regulating non-coal mines did not appear until the passage of the Federal Metal and Nonmetallic Mine Safety Act of 1966.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1966 Act provided for the promulgation of standards, many of which were advisory, and for inspections and investigations; however, its enforcement authority was minimal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coal_Act">Coal Act</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mine_Safety_and_Health_Administration&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Coal Act"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Coal_Mine_Safety_and_Health_Act_of_1969" class="mw-redirect" title="Coal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1969">Coal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1969</a>, generally referred to as the Coal Act, was more comprehensive and more stringent than any previous federal legislation governing the mining industry.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Coal Act included <a href="/wiki/Surface_mining" title="Surface mining">surface</a> as well as underground coal mines within its scope, required two annual inspections of every surface coal mine and four at every underground coal mine, and dramatically increased federal enforcement powers in coal mines. The Coal Act also required monetary penalties for all violations, and established criminal penalties for knowing and willful violations. The safety standards for all coal mines were strengthened, and health standards were adopted. The Coal Act included specific procedures for the development of improved mandatory <a href="/wiki/Occupational_safety_and_health" title="Occupational safety and health">health and safety</a> standards, and provided compensation for miners who were totally and permanently disabled by the progressive respiratory disease caused by the inhalation of fine <a href="/wiki/Coal_dust" title="Coal dust">coal dust</a> <a href="/wiki/Pneumoconiosis" title="Pneumoconiosis">pneumoconiosis</a> or "black lung". </p><p>In 1973, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a>, through administrative action, created the <a href="/wiki/Mining_Enforcement_and_Safety_Administration" title="Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration">Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration</a> (MESA) as a new departmental agency separate from the Bureau of Mines. MESA assumed the safety and health enforcement functions formerly carried out by the Bureau to avoid any appearance of a conflict of interest between the enforcement of mine safety and health standards and the Bureau's responsibilities for mineral resource development. (MESA was the predecessor organization to MSHA, prior to March 9, 1978.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mine_Act_and_creation_of_MSHA">Mine Act and creation of MSHA</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mine_Safety_and_Health_Administration&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mine Act and creation of MSHA"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>More recently, Congress passed the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Mine_Safety_and_Health_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Mine Safety and Health Act">Federal Mine Safety and Health Act</a> of 1977, the legislation which currently governs MSHA's activities.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Mine Act amended the 1969 Coal Act in a number of significant ways, and consolidated all federal health and safety regulations of the mining industry, coal as well as non-coal mining, under a single statutory scheme. The Mine Act strengthened and expanded the rights of miners, and enhanced the protection of miners from retaliation for exercising such rights. Mining fatalities dropped sharply under the Mine Act from 272 in 1977 to 45 in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Mine Act also transferred responsibility for carrying out its mandates from the Department of the Interior to the Department of Labor, and created MSHA, which is a large independent agency that functions in business oversight.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><b><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 12">: 12 </span></sup></b> Additionally, the Mine Act established the independent <a href="/wiki/Federal_Mine_Safety_and_Health_Review_Commission" title="Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission">Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission</a> to provide for independent review of the majority of MSHA's enforcement actions. </p><p>Congress passed the Mine Improvement and New Emergency Response Act (MINER Act) in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The MINER Act amended the Mine Act to require mine-specific emergency response plans in underground coal mines; added new regulations regarding mine rescue teams and sealing of abandoned areas; required prompt notification of mine accidents; and enhanced civil penalties.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Respirator_regulations">Respirator regulations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mine_Safety_and_Health_Administration&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Respirator regulations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/N95_respirator#History" title="N95 respirator">N95 respirator § History</a></div> <p>MSHA inherited regulatory power of respirators from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Bureau_of_Mines" title="United States Bureau of Mines">Bureau of Mines</a>, which was shared with <a href="/wiki/NIOSH" class="mw-redirect" title="NIOSH">NIOSH</a> until the passage of 42 CFR Part 84, which withdrew MSHA's involvement from the approval process of respirators.<sup id="cite_ref-pro84_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pro84-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_regulations">Modern regulations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mine_Safety_and_Health_Administration&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Modern regulations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Modern mining regulation in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> is carried out by MSHA and governed by The <a href="/wiki/Federal_Mine_Safety_and_Health_Act_of_1977" title="Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977">Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msha.gov/regs/complian/ppm/pmvol3b.htm">MSHA's Program Policy Manual Volume III</a>. </p><p>On January 27, 2012 as required under the <a href="/wiki/Dodd%E2%80%93Frank_Wall_Street_Reform_and_Consumer_Protection_Act" title="Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act">Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Securities and Exchange Commission">Securities and Exchange Commission</a> adopted final rules which require covered SEC-reporting issuers that are "operator(s)" (or that has a subsidiary that is an "operator") of a "coal or other mine" to disclose certain mine safety violations, citations and orders and related matters for each coal or other mine that they operate.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Covered mine "operator(s)" are also required to file a current report on Form 8-K to disclose the receipt of certain orders and notices from the U.S. Labor Department's Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) related to a coal or other mine that they operate.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Stay_on_topic" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles"><span title="The material near this tag may contain information that is not relevant to the article's main topic. (March 2012)">relevant?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accidents_and_accident_reporting">Accidents and accident reporting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mine_Safety_and_Health_Administration&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Accidents and accident reporting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mine operators are required by law to report all mining accidents within 15 minutes of when the operator knew or should have known about the accident.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Immediately reportable accidents and injuries are: </p> <ol><li>A death of an individual at a mine;</li> <li>An injury to an individual at a mine which has a reasonable potential to cause death;</li> <li>An entrapment of an individual for more than thirty minutes;</li> <li>An unplanned inundation of a mine by a liquid or gas;</li> <li>An unplanned ignition or explosion of gas or dust;</li> <li>An unplanned <a href="/wiki/Mine_fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Mine fire">mine fire</a> not extinguished within 30 minutes of discovery;</li> <li>An unplanned ignition or explosion of a <a href="/wiki/Explosive_material" class="mw-redirect" title="Explosive material">blasting agent or explosive</a>;</li> <li>An unplanned <a href="/wiki/Cave-in" title="Cave-in">roof fall</a> at or above the anchorage zone in active workings where roof bolts are in use; or, an unplanned roof or rib fall in active workings that impairs ventilation or impedes passage;</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Outburst_(mining)" title="Outburst (mining)">coal</a> or <a href="/wiki/Rock_outburst" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock outburst">rock outburst</a> that causes withdrawal of miners or which disrupts regular mining activity for more than one hour;</li> <li>An unstable condition at an <a href="/wiki/Coal_slurry" title="Coal slurry">impoundment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waste" title="Waste">refuse</a> pile, or <a href="/wiki/Spoil_tip" title="Spoil tip">culm bank</a> which requires emergency action in order to prevent failure, or which causes individuals to evacuate an area; or, failure of an impoundment, refuse pile or <a href="/wiki/Culm_bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Culm bank">culm bank</a>;</li> <li>Damage to <a href="/wiki/Hoist_(mining)" title="Hoist (mining)">hoisting equipment</a> in a shaft or slope which endangers an individual or which interferes with use of the equipment for more than thirty minutes; and</li> <li>An event at a mine which causes death or bodily injury to an individual not at the mine at the time the event occurs.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>Statistical analyses performed by MSHA show that between 1990 and 2004, the industry cut the rate of injuries (a measure comparing the rate of incidents to overall number of employees or hours worked) by more than half and fatalities by two-thirds following three prior decades of steady improvement.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="MSHA_inspections">MSHA inspections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mine_Safety_and_Health_Administration&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: MSHA inspections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>MSHA employs nearly one safety inspector for every four coal mines. Underground coal mines are thoroughly inspected at least four times annually by MSHA inspectors. In addition, miners can report violations, and request additional inspections. Miners with such concerns for their work safety cannot be penalized with any threat to the loss of employment. </p><p>Additionally, the Mine Safety and Health Act authorizes the <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health" title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health">National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</a> (NIOSH), part of the <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> under the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Health and Human Services">U.S. Department of Health and Human Services</a> to develop recommendations for mine health standards for the Mine Safety and Health Administration; administer a medical surveillance program for miners, including <a href="/wiki/Chest_radiograph" title="Chest radiograph">chest X-rays</a> to detect <a href="/wiki/Pneumoconiosis" title="Pneumoconiosis">pneumoconiosis</a> (black lung disease) in coal miners; conduct on-site investigations in mines; and test and certify <a href="/wiki/Personal_protective_equipment" title="Personal protective equipment">personal protective equipment</a> and hazard-measurement instruments.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mine_Safety_and_Health_Administration&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Code_of_Federal_Regulations/Title_30/Chapter_I" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Code of Federal Regulations/Title 30/Chapter I">Code of Federal Regulations/Title 30/Chapter I</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Title_30_of_the_Code_of_Federal_Regulations" title="Title 30 of the Code of Federal Regulations">Title 30 of the Code of Federal Regulations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mining_disasters_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Mining disasters in the United States">Category:Mining disasters in the United States</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Mining_Congress_v._Mine_Safety_%26_Health_Administration" title="American Mining Congress v. Mine Safety & Health Administration">American Mining Congress v. Mine Safety & Health Administration</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Through-the-earth_mine_communications" title="Through-the-earth mine communications">Through-the-earth mine communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_the_United_States" title="Mining in the United States">Mining in the United States</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mine_Safety_and_Health_Administration&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.safetyandhealthmagazine.com/articles/12476-msha-announces-new-headquarters">"MSHA announces new headquarters"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-10-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+NIOSH&rft.pub=United+States+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fniosh%2Fabout.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMine+Safety+and+Health+Administration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mine_Safety_and_Health_Administration&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msha.gov/">Mine Safety and Health Administration</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/mine-safety-and-health-administration">Mine Safety and Health Administration</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Register" title="Federal Register">Federal Register</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/mining/">Mining Division</a> National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nma.org/">National Mining Association</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090117094313/http://www.msha.gov/disasterhistory/WCREEK/CHRONO/C0.HTM">Emergency Communication System use at Willow Creek Mine Fire - MSHA Report</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090114121031/http://www.msha.gov/s%26hinfo/bpcards/fire/bpfp8.pdf">MSHA Best Practices Fire Protection - Communications</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meshdynamics.com/documents/Mesh_Mining_July08.pdf">Miners Give a Nod to Nodes</a> Reprint from Mission Critical Magazine on successful mine safety deployment</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20080123093009/http://www.sycoleman.com/products/mine_safety/mine_safety_wireless_mesh_system.php">Wireless Mesh Communications System for Safe Mining</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meshdynamics.com/MiningAppln.html">Robust Wireless Mesh Communications inside mines - successful pilots</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iwtwireless.com/mining/communications-tracking/overview">IWT Wireless Communications and Tracking in Underground Mines</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.minesafetycenter.com/mine-fatalities-progress/">Mine Fatalities - 100 Years of Progress (1915–2015)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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