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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">nei sydbalke ferplakke</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ferbergje</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigaasje </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Haadside" title="Gean nei de haadside [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Haadside</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedy:Mienskip" title="Oer it projekt: wat jo dwaan kinne, wêr't jo dingen fine"><span>Wikipedy-mienskip</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/25_novimber" title="Eftergrûnynformaasje oer rinnende saken"><span>Hjoed</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wiki:Koartlyn_feroare" title="List fan 'e lêste feroarings oan 'e wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Koartlyn feroare</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wiki:Samar_in_side" title="Gean nei likefolle hokfoar side [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Samar in side</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="It plak om eat út te fiskjen"><span>Help</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Haadside" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedy" 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id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_fy.wikipedia.org&uselang=fy" class=""><span>Donaasjes</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Wiki:Nije_ynstellings_oanmeitsje&returnto=Sprachbund" title="Jo wurde fan herten útnûge in akkount oan te meitsjen en jo oan te melden, mar it hoecht net" class=""><span>Akkount meitsje</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Wiki:Oanmelde&returnto=Sprachbund" title="Jo wurde fan herten útnûge jo oan te melden, mar it hoecht net [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Oanmelde</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Mear opsjes" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoanlik ark" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoanlik ark</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Meidoggermenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_fy.wikipedia.org&uselang=fy"><span>Donaasjes</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiki:Nije_ynstellings_oanmeitsje&returnto=Sprachbund" title="Jo wurde fan herten útnûge in akkount oan te meitsjen en jo oan te melden, mar it hoecht net"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Akkount meitsje</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiki:Oanmelde&returnto=Sprachbund" title="Jo wurde fan herten útnûge jo oan te melden, mar it hoecht net [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Oanmelde</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Siden foar ôfmelde meidoggers <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Yntroduksje" aria-label="Mear witte oer bewurkjen"><span>mear witte</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wiki:Myn_bydragen" title="List fan wizigings makke fan dit YP-adres ôf [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wiki:Myn_oerlis" title="Oerlis oer bewurkings fan dit YP-adres ôf [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Oerlis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webstee"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Ynhâld" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ynhâld</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">nei sydbalke ferplakke</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ferbergje</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Begjin</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Skiednis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skiednis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Skiednis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skiednis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Standard_Average_European" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standard_Average_European"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span><i>Standard Average European</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standard_Average_European-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oare_foarbylden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oare_foarbylden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Oare foarbylden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oare_foarbylden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sjoch_ek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sjoch_ek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Sjoch ek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sjoch_ek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boarnen,_noaten_en_referinsjes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boarnen,_noaten_en_referinsjes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Boarnen, noaten en referinsjes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boarnen,_noaten_en_referinsjes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Ynhâld" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ynhâldsopjefte omklappe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ynhâldsopjefte omklappe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sprachbund</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Nei it artikel yn in oare taal gean. Beskikber yn 42 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spraakbond" title="Spraakbond – Afrikaansk" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Spraakbond" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF" title="شبراخبوند – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="شبراخبوند" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprachbund" title="Sprachbund – Asturysk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sprachbund" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%8E%D0%B7" title="Езиков съюз – Bulgaarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Езиков съюз" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1" title="স্প্রাখবুন্ড – Bengaalsk" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্প্রাখবুন্ড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaalsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80rea_ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica" title="Àrea lingüística – Katalaansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Àrea lingüística" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazykov%C3%BD_svaz" title="Jazykový svaz – Tsjechysk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jazykový svaz" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprachbund" title="Sprachbund – Dútsk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sprachbund" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Dútsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprachbund" title="Sprachbund – Ingelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Sprachbund" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Ingelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprachbund" title="Sprachbund – Spaansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sprachbund" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keeleliit" title="Keeleliit – Estlânsk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Keeleliit" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estlânsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprachbund" title="Sprachbund – Baskysk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sprachbund" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AD%DB%8C%D9%87_%D9%87%D9%85%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="ناحیه همگرایی زبانی – Perzysk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ناحیه همگرایی زبانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kieliliitto" title="Kieliliitto – Finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kieliliitto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aire_linguistique" title="Aire linguistique – Frânsk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aire linguistique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frânsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprachbund" title="Sprachbund – Galisysk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sprachbund" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%92%D7%93_%D7%9C%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA" title="אגד לשונות – Hebreeuwsk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אגד לשונות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuwsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyelvsz%C3%B6vets%C3%A9g" title="Nyelvszövetség – Hongaarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nyelvszövetség" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprachbund" title="Sprachbund – Yndonezysk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sprachbund" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Yndonezysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lega_linguistica" title="Lega linguistica – Italiaansk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lega linguistica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A8%80%E8%AA%9E%E9%80%A3%E5%90%88" title="言語連合 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="言語連合" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%9B" title="Тілдік одақ – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тілдік одақ" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4_%EC%97%B0%ED%95%A9" title="언어 연합 – Koreaansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="언어 연합" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprachbund" title="Sprachbund – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sprachbund" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_linguistica" title="Area linguistica – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Area linguistica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprachbund" title="Sprachbund – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Sprachbund" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalb%C5%B3_s%C4%85junga" title="Kalbų sąjunga – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kalbų sąjunga" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprachbund" title="Sprachbund – Nederlânsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sprachbund" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlânsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprachbund" title="Sprachbund – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sprachbund" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spr%C3%A5kbunt" title="Språkbunt – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Språkbunt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aira_ling%C3%BCistica" title="Aira lingüistica – Occitaansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Aira lingüistica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liga_j%C4%99zykowa" title="Liga językowa – Poalsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Liga językowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poalsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81rea_lingu%C3%ADstica" title="Área linguística – Portugeesk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Área linguística" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugeesk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniune_lingvistic%C4%83" title="Uniune lingvistică – Roemeensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Uniune lingvistică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7" title="Языковой союз – Russysk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Языковой союз" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprachbund" title="Sprachbund – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sprachbund" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7" title="Језички савез – Servysk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Језички савез" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spr%C3%A5kf%C3%B6rbund" title="Språkförbund – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Språkförbund" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dil_birli%C4%9Fi" title="Dil birliği – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dil birliği" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7" title="Мовний союз – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мовний союз" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="语言联盟 – Sineesk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="语言联盟" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Sineesk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="語言聯盟 – Kantoneesk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="語言聯盟" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantoneesk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q839463#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Yntertaalkeppelings bewurkje" class="wbc-editpage">Keppelings bewurkje</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nammeromten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sprachbund" title="De sideynhâld sjen litte [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oerlis:Sprachbund&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Oerlis oer de sideynhâld (noch net skreaun) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Oerlis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Taalfariant feroarje" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Frysk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Werjeften"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sprachbund"><span>Lêze</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sprachbund&veaction=edit" title="Dizze side bewurkje [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bewurkje</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sprachbund&action=edit" title="De boarnekoade fan dizze side bewurkje [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Boarne bewurkje</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sprachbund&action=history" title="Eardere ferzjes fan dizze side [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Skiednis besjen</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Helpmiddels" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Helpmiddels</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Helpmiddels</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">nei sydbalke ferplakke</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ferbergje</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mear opsjes" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sprachbund"><span>Lêze</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sprachbund&veaction=edit" title="Dizze side bewurkje [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bewurkje</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sprachbund&action=edit" title="De boarnekoade fan dizze side bewurkje [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Boarne bewurkje</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sprachbund&action=history"><span>Skiednis besjen</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">nei sydbalke ferplakke</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ferbergje</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Ut Wikipedy</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fy" dir="ltr"><p>In <i><b>Sprachbund</b></i> (út it <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BAtsk" title="Dútsk">Dútsk</a> wei: ˈʃpʁaːxbʊnt], betsjut "spraakbûn") bestiet út in groep beskate talen dy't guon eigenskippen oerien hawwe, omreden se flak by-inoar oanlizze of troch talekontakt. Sokke talen hoege net, of alteast net streekrjocht, fan deselde <a href="/wiki/Taalfamylje" title="Taalfamylje">taalfamylje</a> te wêzen. De eigenskippen fan in <i>Sprachbund</i> kinne immen in ferkeard byld jaan as wiene se oaninoar besibbe. </p><p>Der kin allinnich sprake fan in <i>Sprachbund</i> wêze as talen eigenskippen oerienkomme dy't net oerienkomme troch dat se oaninoar besibbe binne. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Skiednis">Skiednis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sprachbund&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Dielside bewurkje: Skiednis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewurkje seksje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sprachbund&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Skiednis"><span>boarne bewurkje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yn <a href="/wiki/1904" title="1904">1904</a> joech de <a href="/wiki/Poalen" title="Poalen">Poalske</a> <a href="/wiki/Taalkundige" class="mw-redirect" title="Taalkundige">taalkundige</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Baudouin_de_Courtenay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Baudouin de Courtenay (noch net skreaun)">Jan Baudouin de Courtenay</a> yn in krante oan dat it needsaaklik wie en ferdiel de taaloerienkomsten tusken besibbens (<i>rodstvo</i>) en dy troch taalkontakt (<i>srodstvo</i>) </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolai_Tr%C3%BBbetskoj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikolai Trûbetskoj (noch net skreaun)">Nikolai Trûbetskoj</a> yntrodusearre it <a href="/wiki/Russysk" title="Russysk">Russyske</a> begryp языковой союз (<i>yazykovoy soyuz</i>; "taleferiening") yn 1923 yn in krantestik. Op it Ynternasjonaal Kongres fan Linguïsten yn 1928 brûkte er de Dútske <a href="/wiki/Lienfertaling" title="Lienfertaling">lienfertaling</a> <i>Sprachbund</i>, dêr't er nei ferwiisde as in groep talen mei-inoar oerienkomme op it mêd fan <a href="/wiki/Sinlear" title="Sinlear">sinlear</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morfology" title="Morfology">morfology</a>, kulturele <a href="/wiki/Wurdskat" title="Wurdskat">wurdskat</a> en <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BBdlear" class="mw-redirect" title="Lûdlear">lûdlear</a>, mar sûnder dat de lûdlear, morfology en wurdskat alhiel itselde binne. </p><p>Letter waard it begryp losser sjoen, dus net mear alllinnich nei dy fjouwer mêden. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Standard_Average_European"><i>Standard Average European</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sprachbund&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Dielside bewurkje: Standard Average European" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewurkje seksje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sprachbund&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Standard Average European"><span>boarne bewurkje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_Average_European&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Standard Average European (noch net skreaun)">Standard Average European</a></i> (SAE), "Standert-Trochsnee-Jeropeesk" is in begryp dy't troch de <a href="/wiki/Feriene_Steaten" title="Feriene Steaten">Amerikaanske</a> taalkundige <a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Whorf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benjamin Whorf (noch net skreaun)">Benjamin Whorf</a> yn 1939 yntrodusearre waard, dy't ferwiisde nei in groep <a href="/wiki/Yndo-Jeropeeske_talen" title="Yndo-Jeropeeske talen">Yndo-Jeropeeske talen</a> fan Jeropa dy't guon eigenskippen oerienkamen. Whorf oppenearre dat dy talen karakterisearre waarden troch in stikmannich oerienkomsten sa as <a href="/wiki/Sinlear" title="Sinlear">sinlear</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grammatika" title="Grammatika">grammatika</a> en de <a href="/wiki/Wurdskat" title="Wurdskat">wurdskat</a> en it gebrûk dêrfan, allyksa de besibbens tusken tsjinstellende wurden en harren oarsprong, taaleigen, en de opbou fan sinnen. Dy oerienkomsten dy't se mei-inoar hawwe, ferskille gâns fan oare talen, dus dêrmei kin sein wurde dat dy Jeropeeske talen in <i>Sprachbund</i> foarmje. Hy woe dêrmei krityk uterje op linguïsten fan de SAE dy't tochten dat de Jeropeeske foarmen de natuerlike foarmen wiene, mar yn werklikheid wiene dy allinnich fan tapassing op de SAE-taalgroep. </p><p>Whorf oppenearre dat de <a href="/wiki/Romaanske_talen" title="Romaanske talen">Romaanske</a> en <a href="/wiki/Westgermaanske_talen" title="Westgermaanske talen">Westgermaanske talen</a> de hert fan de SAE foarmje, omreden de grutte ynfloed dy't it <a href="/wiki/Latyn" title="Latyn">Latyn</a> yn de <a href="/wiki/Midsiuwen" title="Midsiuwen">Midsiuwen</a> hân hie. De <a href="/wiki/Noardgermaanske_talen" title="Noardgermaanske talen">Noardgermaanske</a> en <a href="/wiki/Slavyske_talen" title="Slavyske talen">Slavyske talen</a> waarden sjoen as grinsgefallen. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Gode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Gode (noch net skreaun)">Alexander Gode</a>, dy't ien fan de foaroanmannen wie by it ûntwikkeljen fan <a href="/wiki/Interlingua" class="mw-redirect" title="Interlingua">Interlingua</a>, skaaimerke it as <i>Standard Average European</i>. De Romaanske, Germaanske en Slavyske talen, dy't brûkt waarden by it ûntwikkeljen fan Interlingua, binne it meast sichtber yn de SAE-Sprachbund. </p><p>De SAE-Sprachbund ûntstie nei alle gedachten troch de hieltyd oanwêzige taalkontakt yn de tiid fan it <a href="/wiki/Grutte_Folkeferfarren" title="Grutte Folkeferfarren">Grutte Folkeferfarren</a> en ek letter yn de <a href="/wiki/Midsiuwen" title="Midsiuwen">Midsiuwen</a> en de <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%AAss%C3%A2nse" title="Renêssânse">Renêssânse</a>. Erfskip fan SAE-eigenskippen út it <a href="/wiki/Proto-Yndo-Jeropeesk" title="Proto-Yndo-Jeropeesk">Proto-Yndo-Jeropeesk</a> wei, wurde lykwols útsletten, om't dy taal, dy't hjoed-de-dei fannijs rekonstruearre wurdt, de measte fan dy SAE-eigenskippen net befette. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oare_foarbylden">Oare foarbylden</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sprachbund&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Dielside bewurkje: Oare foarbylden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewurkje seksje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sprachbund&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Oare foarbylden"><span>boarne bewurkje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Oare foarbylden fan gebieten mei in <i>Sprachbund</i> binne: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkan" title="Balkan">Balkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yndiaaske_subkontinint" class="mw-redirect" title="Yndiaaske subkontinint">Yndiaaske subkontinint</a></li> <li>Fêstelân fan <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAdeast-Aazje" title="Súdeast-Aazje">Súdeast-Aazje</a>.</li> <li>Noardeast-Aazje</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaukasus" title="Kaukasus">Kaukasus</a>, itjinge lykwols bestriden wurdt.</li> <li>De Heechlannen fan <a href="/wiki/Etioopje" title="Etioopje">Etioopje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meso-Amearika" title="Meso-Amearika">Meso-Amearika</a></li> <li>De lânseigen talen fan it <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasifyske_Noardwesten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasifyske Noardwesten (noch net skreaun)">Pasifyske Noardwesten</a> fan <a href="/wiki/Noard-Amearika" title="Noard-Amearika">Noard-Amearika</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sjoch_ek">Sjoch ek</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sprachbund&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Dielside bewurkje: Sjoch ek" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewurkje seksje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sprachbund&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Sjoch ek"><span>boarne bewurkje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dialektkontinuum" title="Dialektkontinuum">Dialektkontinuum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isoglosse" title="Isoglosse">Isoglosse</a></li></ul> <div style="position:absolute; visibility:hidden; height:0; margin-top:1em;"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Boarnen,_noaten_en_referinsjes"><span id="Boarnen.2C_noaten_en_referinsjes"></span>Boarnen, noaten en referinsjes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berjocht:Boarnen&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section's source code: Boarnen, noaten en referinsjes"><span>boarne bewurkje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> </div> <table class="toccolours" style="font-size:85%; margin-top:1em; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 5px; clear: both;" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <td><b>Boarnen, noaten en/as referinsjes:</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p>boarnefernijing Foar boarnen ne oare literatuer, sjoch <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprachbund"><i>References</i> op dizze side</a>. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Opfrege fan "<a dir="ltr" href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sprachbund&oldid=1049245">https://fy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sprachbund&oldid=1049245</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wiki:Kategoryen" title="Wiki:Kategoryen">Kategoryen</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategory:Taalkunde" title="Kategory:Taalkunde">Taalkunde</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategory:Lienwurd_%C3%BAt_it_D%C3%BAtsk" title="Kategory:Lienwurd út it Dútsk">Lienwurd út it Dútsk</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Dizze side is it lêst bewurke op 14 sep 2021 om 03.24.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beskikber ûnder de lisinsje <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fy">Creative Commons Nammefermelding-Lyk diele</a>; der kinne oanfoljende betingsten fan tapassing wêze. 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