About Thomas Hardy | Academy of American Poets

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He left fiction writing for poetry and published eight collections, including Poems of the Past and the Present (Harper \u0026 Bros., 1902) and Satires of Circumstance (Macmillan, 1914).\n\nHardy’s poetry explores a fatalist outlook against the dark, rugged landscape of his native Dorset. He rejected the Victorian belief in a benevolent God, and much of his poetry reads as a sardonic lament on the bleakness of the human condition. A traditionalist in technique, he nevertheless forged a highly original style, combining rough-hewn rhythms and colloquial diction with a variety of meters and stanzaic forms. A significant influence on later poets (including Robert Frost, Wystan Hugh Auden, Dylan Thomas, and Philip Larkin), his influence has increased over the course of the twentieth century, offering a more down-to-earth, less rhetorical alternative to the more mystical and aristocratic precedent of William Butler Yeats. 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field--field_dob">1840 – </div> <div class="field field--field_dod">1928</div> <div class="row poet__read-buttons-container"><div class="poet__read-poems col-md-6"><a href="#tabbed-content" class="btn poets__read-poems-button align-middle btn-primary btn-outline-info btn-block">Read poems by this poet</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--body"><p>Thomas Hardy, the son of a stonemason, was born in Dorset, England, on June 2, 1840. He trained as an architect and worked in London and Dorset for ten years.</p> <p>Hardy began his writing career as a novelist, publishing <em>Desperate Remedies</em> (Tinsley Brothers) in 1871, and was soon successful enough to leave the field of architecture for writing. His novels <em>Tess of the D’Urbervilles</em> (Osgood McIlvaine & Co., 1891) and <em>Jude the Obscure</em> (Osgood McIlvaine & Co., 1895), which are considered literary classics today, received negative reviews upon publication. He left fiction writing for poetry and published eight collections, including <em>Poems of the Past and the Present</em> (Harper & Bros., 1902) and <em>Satires of Circumstance</em> (Macmillan, 1914).</p> <p>Hardy’s poetry explores a fatalist outlook against the dark, rugged landscape of his native Dorset. He rejected the Victorian belief in a benevolent God, and much of his poetry reads as a sardonic lament on the bleakness of the human condition. A traditionalist in technique, he nevertheless forged a highly original style, combining rough-hewn rhythms and colloquial diction with a variety of meters and stanzaic forms. A significant influence on later poets (including <a href="https://poets.org/poet/robert-frost">Robert </a><a href="https://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poet/robert-frost">Frost</a>, <a href="https://poets.org/poet/w-h-auden">Wystan Hugh </a><a href="https://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poet/w-h-auden">Auden</a>, <a href="https://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poet/dylan-thomas">Dylan Thomas</a>, and <a href="https://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poet/philip-larkin">Philip Larkin</a>), his influence has increased over the course of the twentieth century, offering a more down-to-earth, less rhetorical alternative to the more mystical and aristocratic precedent of <a href="https://poets.org/poet/w-b-yeats">William Butler </a><a href="https://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poet/w-b-yeats">Yeats</a>. Thomas Hardy died on January 11, 1928.</p> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <aside class="col-md-4 layout-sidebar" role="complementary"> <div> <div id="block-nodesidebarfields"> <article role="article" about="/poet/thomas-hardy"> <div> <div class="field field--field_image"> <figure class="field__content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/images/biographies/thardy.jpg" width="286" height="280" alt="Thomas Hardy" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <figcaption class="poet__sidebar-img-caption"> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="field field--field_school_movement"> <div class="field__label">School/Movements</div> <div> <div class="field__content"> <div about="/taxonomy/term/466"> <a href="/poets?field_school_movement_target_id=466"> <div class="field field--name">Poets of World War I</div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="views-element-container" id="block-views-block-related-poets-related-poets-list"> <h2>Related Poets</h2> <div><div class="js-view-dom-id-f3dd1e386049ac3ab167025e54793e8b59f7eb3a7bf454b805c2290b03624506"> <div class="item-list"> <ul> <li><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/poet/e-e-cummings" hreflang="und">E. 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id="block-views-block-text-views-for-person-texts-about-person"> <h2>Texts about</h2> <div><div class="js-view-dom-id-202f478b7d65bc0493cf67bae05026b71f74bb9b0a27d988ab9e465c493316c2"> <table class="cols-2"> <thead> <tr> <th id="view-field-date-published-table-column--2" class="views-field views-field-field-date-published" scope="col">Year</th> <th id="view-title-table-column--2" class="views-field views-field-title" scope="col">Title</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td headers="view-field-date-published-table-column--2" class="views-field views-field-field-date-published">2014 </td> <td headers="view-title-table-column--2" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/text/thomas-hardy-behind-mask-explaining-poems" hreflang="en">Thomas Hardy: Behind the Mask [Explaining the Poems]</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-field-date-published-table-column--2" class="views-field views-field-field-date-published">2005 </td> <td headers="view-title-table-column--2" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/text/high-talk-influences-british-isles" hreflang="und">High Talk: Influences from the British Isles</a> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div id="block-nodetabbedcontentfields"> <div role="article" about="/poet/thomas-hardy"> <h2> Bibliography </h2> <div> <div class="field field--field_bibliography"><p><strong>Poetry</strong><br /><br /><em>Collected Poems of Thomas Hardy</em> (Macmillan, 1920)<br /><em>Moments of Vision</em> (Macmillan, 1917)<br /><em>Selected Poems of Thomas Hardy</em> (Macmillan, 1916)<br /><em>Satires of Circumstance</em> (Macmillan, 1914)<br /><em>Time's Laughingstocks</em> (Macmillan, 1909)<br /><em>The Dynasts</em> (Macmillan, 1904)<br /><em>Poems of the Past and the Present</em> (Harper & Bros., 1902)<br /><br /><strong>Letters</strong><br /><br /><em>Jude the Obscure</em> (Osgood McIlvaine & Co., 1895)<br /><em>Tess of the D'Urbervilles</em> (Osgood McIlvaine & Co., 1891)<br /><em>The Woodlanders</em> (Harper & Bros., 1887)<br /><em>The Mayor of Casterbridge</em> (J. W. Lovell, 1886)<br /><em>Two on a Tower</em> (J. W. Lovell, 1882)<br /><em>A Laodicean</em> (Harper & Bros., 1881)<br /><em>The Trumpet Major</em> (Henry Holt & Co., 1880)<br /><em>The Return of the Native</em> (Henry Holt & Co., 1878)<br /><em>Far from the Madding Crowd</em> (Smith, Elder & Co., 1876)<br /><em>The Hand of Ethelberta</em> (Henry Holt & Co., 1876)<br /><em>A Pair of Blue Eyes</em> (Henry Holt & Co., 1873)<br /><em>Under the Greenwood Tree</em> (Tinsley Brothers, 1872)<br /><em>Desperate Remedies</em> (Tinsley Brothers, 1871)</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </aside> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" class="views-element-container card-deck--poet" id="block-views-block-related-poets-related-poets-cards"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <header class="d-flex flex-lg-row flex-column col-12"> <h2 itemprop="name" class="card-deck__title font-italic">Related Poets</h2> </header> </div> <div class="row card-deck__cards d-flex"> <div><div class="js-view-dom-id-4ff03ed717e07fee6a6d7f03a188f299ac01d1adfc2269a0b3bb04f9d27d2067"> <div class="item-list"> <ul> <li><div itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" role="article" about="/poet/e-e-cummings" class="item-list--poet"> <div class="card-body"> <div class="field field--field_image"> <figure class="field__content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/portrait/public/images/biographies/eecummin.jpg?itok=u81DsBwU" width="700" height="700" alt="E. E. Cummings" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <figcaption class="poet__sidebar-img-caption"> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="poet__name-bio"> <h3 itemprop="name" class="poet__name"> <span class="field field--title">E. E. Cummings</span> </h3> <div class="poet__bio-container"> <div class="field field--body"><p>Edward Estlin Cummings is known for his radical experimentation with form, punctuation, spelling, and syntax; he abandoned traditional techniques and structures to create a new, highly idiosyncratic means of poetic expression.</p></div> <a href="/poet/e-e-cummings" rel="bookmark" class="poet__read-more">Read more about <span class="field field--title">E. E. Cummings</span> ></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li><div itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" role="article" about="/poet/edward-thomas" class="item-list--poet"> <div class="card-body"> <div class="field field--field_image"> <figure class="field__content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/portrait/public/images/biographies/EdwardThomas_NewBioImage.png?itok=3bHUPofr" width="700" height="700" alt="Edward Thomas" title="Photo credit: Other Press" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <figcaption class="poet__sidebar-img-caption"> Photo credit: Other Press </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="poet__name-bio"> <h3 itemprop="name" class="poet__name"> <span class="field field--title">Edward Thomas</span> </h3> <div class="poet__bio-container"> <div class="field field--body"><p>Philip Edward Thomas was born in London in 1878. A close friend of the poet <a href="/poetsorg/poet/robert-frost">Robert Frost</a>, he wrote much of his poetry while serving as a soldier during World War I. He was killed in France on April 9, 1917.</p></div> <a href="/poet/edward-thomas" rel="bookmark" class="poet__read-more">Read more about <span class="field field--title">Edward Thomas</span> ></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li><div itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" role="article" about="/poet/eugenio-montale" class="item-list--poet"> <div class="card-body"> <div class="field field--field_image"> <figure class="field__content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/portrait/public/images/biographies/EugenioMontale_NewBioImage.png?itok=DT0H6Nbp" width="700" height="700" alt="Eugenio Montale" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <figcaption class="poet__sidebar-img-caption"> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="poet__name-bio"> <h3 itemprop="name" class="poet__name"> <span class="field field--title">Eugenio Montale</span> </h3> <div class="poet__bio-container"> <div class="field field--body"><p>Eugenio Montale was bornin Genoa, Italy, in 1896. He served as an infantry officer in World War I and published his first book of poetry in 1925. Montale, who received the 1975 Nobel Prize in Literature, died in 1981.</p></div> <a href="/poet/eugenio-montale" rel="bookmark" class="poet__read-more">Read more about <span class="field field--title">Eugenio Montale</span> ></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li><div itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" role="article" about="/poet/florence-earle-coates" class="item-list--poet"> <div class="card-body"> <div class="field field--field_image"> <figure class="field__content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/portrait/public/images/biographies/florenceearlecoates_newbioimage_2019_0.png?itok=dMs70J9k" width="700" height="700" alt="Florence Earle Coates" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <figcaption class="poet__sidebar-img-caption"> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="poet__name-bio"> <h3 itemprop="name" class="poet__name"> <span class="field field--title">Florence Earle Coates</span> </h3> <div class="poet__bio-container"> <div class="field field--body"><p>Florence Earle Coates was born in 1850 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She was the author of several books of poetry, including <em>Pro Patria</em> (Philadelphia, 1917), a collection about World War I. </p></div> <a href="/poet/florence-earle-coates" rel="bookmark" class="poet__read-more">Read more about <span class="field field--title">Florence Earle Coates</span> ></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li><div itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" role="article" about="/poet/gertrude-stein" class="item-list--poet"> <div class="card-body"> <div class="field field--field_image"> <figure class="field__content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/portrait/public/images/biographies/315_gstein.jpg?itok=fPlkX-jV" width="700" height="700" alt="Gertrude Stein" title="Photo credit: Carl Van Vechten" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <figcaption class="poet__sidebar-img-caption"> Photo credit: Carl Van Vechten </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="poet__name-bio"> <h3 itemprop="name" class="poet__name"> <span class="field field--title">Gertrude Stein</span> </h3> <div class="poet__bio-container"> <div class="field field--body"><p>Gertrude Stein was born in Pennsylvania in 1874. An important figure among American expatriates in Paris, she was known for her experimental literature, including <em>Tender Buttons </em>(Claire Marie, 1914). She died in France in 1946.</p></div> <a href="/poet/gertrude-stein" rel="bookmark" class="poet__read-more">Read more about <span class="field field--title">Gertrude Stein</span> ></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li><div itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" role="article" about="/poet/hilaire-belloc" class="item-list--poet"> <div class="card-body"> <div class="poet__name-bio"> <h3 itemprop="name" class="poet__name"> <span class="field field--title">Hilaire Belloc</span> </h3> <div class="poet__bio-container"> <div class="field field--body"><p>Born near Paris, France, in 1870, Hilaire Belloc was the author of two books of verse and several works of fiction and non-fiction</p></div> <a href="/poet/hilaire-belloc" rel="bookmark" class="poet__read-more">Read more about <span class="field field--title">Hilaire Belloc</span> ></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="region 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