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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#APG_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>APG II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-APG_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-APG" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#APG"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>APG</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-APG-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cronquist" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cronquist"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Cronquist</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cronquist-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Earlier_circumscriptions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Earlier_circumscriptions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Earlier circumscriptions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Earlier_circumscriptions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Caryophyllales</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 69 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-69" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">69 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Caryophyllales" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%81%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="قرنفليات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قرنفليات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Caryophyllales" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C9%99r%C9%99nfil%C3%A7i%C3%A7%C9%99klil%C9%99r" title="Qərənfilçiçəklilər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qərənfilçiçəklilər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Гваздзікакветныя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гваздзікакветныя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Гвазьдзікакветныя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гвазьдзікакветныя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Карамфилоцветни – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Карамфилоцветни" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Caryophyllales" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cariofil%C2%B7lals" title="Cariofil·lals – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cariofil·lals" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Тупалак чечеклисем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тупалак чечеклисем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Caryophyllales" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hvozd%C3%ADkotvar%C3%A9" title="Hvozdíkotvaré – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hvozdíkotvaré" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Caryophyllales" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nellike-ordenen" title="Nellike-ordenen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nellike-ordenen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelkenartige" title="Nelkenartige – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nelkenartige" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelgilaadsed" title="Nelgilaadsed – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nelgilaadsed" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%85%CE%BF%CF%86%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BB%CF%8E%CE%B4%CE%B7" title="Καρυοφυλλώδη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καρυοφυλλώδη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Caryophyllales" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kariofilaloj" title="Kariofilaloj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kariofilaloj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Caryophyllales" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AE%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="میخک‌سانان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="میخک‌سانان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Caryophyllales" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Caryophyllales" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Caryophyllales" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%9D%EC%A3%BD%EB%AA%A9" title="석죽목 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="석죽목" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8" title="कैरियोफ़िलालीस – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कैरियोफ़िलालीस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klin%C4%8Di%C4%87olike" title="Klinčićolike – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Klinčićolike" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Caryophyllales" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hjartagrasb%C3%A1lkur" title="Hjartagrasbálkur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hjartagrasbálkur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Caryophyllales" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9D" title="ציפורנאים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ציפורנאים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Caryophyllales" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koma_m%C3%AAxikan" title="Koma mêxikan – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Koma mêxikan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Caryophyllales" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ne%C4%BC%C4%B7u_rinda" title="Neļķu rinda – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Neļķu rinda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gvazdikie%C4%8Diai" title="Gvazdikiečiai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gvazdikiečiai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szegf%C5%B1vir%C3%A1g%C3%BAak" title="Szegfűvirágúak – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szegfűvirágúak" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Каранфиловидни – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Каранфиловидни" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%87%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="കാരിയോഫില്ലേൽസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാരിയോഫില്ലേൽസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%81%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="قرنفليات – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="قرنفليات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Caryophyllales" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Caryophyllales" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8A%E3%83%87%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B3%E7%9B%AE" title="ナデシコ目 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ナデシコ目" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Caryophyllales" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nellikordenen" title="Nellikordenen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nellikordenen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Caryophyllales" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go%C5%BAdzikowce" title="Goździkowce – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Goździkowce" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Caryophyllales" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Caryophyllales" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5" title="Гвоздичноцветные – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гвоздичноцветные" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Caryophyllales" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Caryophyllales" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Caryophyllales" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Caryophyllales" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Caryophyllales" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Caryophyllales" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nejlikordningen" title="Nejlikordningen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nejlikordningen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Caryophyllales" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="கரியோபிலாலெசு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கரியோபிலாலெசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin%C9%A3erflin" title="Tinɣerflin – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tinɣerflin" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="อันดับคาร์เนชัน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อันดับคาร์เนชัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Caryophyllales" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D1%96" title="Гвоздикоцвіті – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гвоздикоцвіті" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BB%99_C%E1%BA%A9m_ch%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bng" title="Bộ Cẩm chướng – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bộ Cẩm chướng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Caryophyllales" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Caryophyllales" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E7%AB%B9%E7%9B%AE" title="石竹目 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="石竹目" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E7%AB%B9%E7%9B%AE" title="石竹目 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="石竹目" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" 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#36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Merge_from plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-move" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Mergefrom.svg/50px-Mergefrom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Mergefrom.svg/75px-Mergefrom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Mergefrom.svg/100px-Mergefrom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">It has been suggested that <i><a href="/wiki/Caryophyllidae" title="Caryophyllidae">Caryophyllidae</a></i> be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging" title="Wikipedia:Merging">merged</a> into this article. (<a href="/wiki/Talk:Caryophyllales" title="Talk:Caryophyllales">Discuss</a>)<small><i> Proposed since November 2024.</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Caryophyllales </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Dianthus_caryophyllus_L_(Clove_pink).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Dianthus_caryophyllus_L_%28Clove_pink%29.JPG/220px-Dianthus_caryophyllus_L_%28Clove_pink%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Dianthus_caryophyllus_L_%28Clove_pink%29.JPG/330px-Dianthus_caryophyllus_L_%28Clove_pink%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Dianthus_caryophyllus_L_%28Clove_pink%29.JPG/440px-Dianthus_caryophyllus_L_%28Clove_pink%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="876" data-file-height="808" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><i><a href="/wiki/Dianthus_caryophyllus" title="Dianthus caryophyllus">Dianthus caryophyllus</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Caryophyllales" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Superasterids" title="Superasterids">Superasterids</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Caryophyllales</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Laurent_de_Jussieu" title="Antoine Laurent de Jussieu">Juss.</a> ex <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_von_Berchtold" title="Friedrich von Berchtold">Bercht.</a> & <a href="/wiki/Jan_Svatopluk_Presl" title="Jan Svatopluk Presl">J.Presl</a><sup id="cite_ref-APGIII2009_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APGIII2009-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Suborders </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <p><a href="/wiki/Caryophyllineae" title="Caryophyllineae">Caryophyllineae</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polygonineae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polygonineae (page does not exist)">Polygonineae</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Portulacineae" title="Portulacineae">Portulacineae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <p><a href="/wiki/Centrospermae" title="Centrospermae">Centrospermae</a> </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><b>Caryophyllales</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ær/: 'arr' in 'marry'">ær</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/./: syllable break">.</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">KARR</span>-ee-oh-fih-<span style="font-size:90%">LAY</span>-leez</i></a>)<sup id="cite_ref-ClarkeLee2003_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ClarkeLee2003-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a diverse and heterogeneous <a href="/wiki/Order_(biology)" title="Order (biology)">order</a> of <a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">flowering plants</a> that includes the <a href="/wiki/Cactus" title="Cactus">cacti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dianthus" title="Dianthus">carnations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amaranth" title="Amaranth">amaranths</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aizoaceae" title="Aizoaceae">ice plants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beta_(plant)" title="Beta (plant)">beets</a>, and many <a href="/wiki/Carnivorous_plant" title="Carnivorous plant">carnivorous plants</a>. Many members are <a href="/wiki/Succulent_plant" title="Succulent plant">succulent</a>, having fleshy <a href="/wiki/Plant_stem" title="Plant stem">stems</a> or <a href="/wiki/Leaf" title="Leaf">leaves</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Betalain" title="Betalain">betalain</a> pigments are unique in plants of this order and occur in all its core families with the exception of <a href="/wiki/Caryophyllaceae" title="Caryophyllaceae">Caryophyllaceae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Molluginaceae" title="Molluginaceae">Molluginaceae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Noncore families, such as Nepenthaceae, instead produce anthocyanins.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In its modern definition, the order encompasses a whole new group of families (formerly included in the order <a href="/wiki/Polygonales" title="Polygonales">Polygonales</a>) that never synthesize betalains, among which several families are carnivorous (like <a href="/wiki/Nepenthaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepenthaceae">Nepenthaceae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Droseraceae" title="Droseraceae">Droseraceae</a>). </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Molecular_clock" title="Molecular clock">molecular clock</a> calculations, the lineage that led to Caryophyllales split from other plants about 111 million years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-magallon2009_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-magallon2009-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caryophyllales&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The members of Caryophyllales include about 6% of <a href="/wiki/Eudicot" class="mw-redirect" title="Eudicot">eudicot</a> <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This order is part of the <a href="/wiki/Core_eudicots" class="mw-redirect" title="Core eudicots">core eudicots</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Currently, the Caryophyllales contains 37 families, 749 genera, and 11,620 species<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The monophyly of the Caryophyllales has been supported by <a href="/wiki/DNA_sequences" class="mw-redirect" title="DNA sequences">DNA sequences</a>, cytochrome c sequence data and heritable characters such as anther wall development and vessel-elements with simple perforations.<sup id="cite_ref-multiple_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-multiple-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Circumscription">Circumscription</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caryophyllales&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Circumscription"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As with all <a href="/wiki/Taxon" title="Taxon">taxa</a>, the circumscription of Caryophyllales has changed within various classification systems. All systems recognize a core of families with centrospermous ovules and seeds. More recent treatments have expanded the Caryophyllales to include many <a href="/wiki/Carnivorous_plant" title="Carnivorous plant">carnivorous plants</a>. </p><p>Systematists were undecided on whether Caryophyllales should be placed within the rosid complex or sister to the asterid <a href="/wiki/Clade" title="Clade">clade</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-multiple_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-multiple-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The possible connection between sympetalous angiosperms and Caryophyllales was presaged by Bessey, Hutchinson, and others; as Lawrence relates: "The evidence is reasonably conclusive that the Primulaceae and the Caryophyllaceae have fundamentally the same type of gynecia, and as concluded by Douglas (1936)(and essentially Dickson, 1936) '...the vascular pattern and the presence of <a href="/wiki/Locule" title="Locule">locules</a> at the base of the ovary point to the fact that the present much reduced flower of the Primulaceae has descended from an ancestor which was characterized by a plurilocular ovary and axial placentation. This primitive flower might well be found in centrospermal stock as Wernham, Bessy, and Hutchinson have suggested.' "<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Caryophyllales is separated into two suborders: Caryophyllineae and Polygonineae.<sup id="cite_ref-multiple_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-multiple-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These two suborders were formerly (and sometimes still are) recognized as two orders, <a href="/wiki/Polygonales" title="Polygonales">Polygonales</a> and Caryophyllales.<sup id="cite_ref-multiple_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-multiple-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wigginsia_Pauciareolata.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Wigginsia_Pauciareolata.JPG/220px-Wigginsia_Pauciareolata.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Wigginsia_Pauciareolata.JPG/330px-Wigginsia_Pauciareolata.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Wigginsia_Pauciareolata.JPG/440px-Wigginsia_Pauciareolata.JPG 2x" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912" /></a><figcaption>Cactaceae native to the middle region of South America, at Marsh Botanical Garden. Cactaceae are a plant family, under the order Caryophyllales.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="APG_IV">APG IV</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caryophyllales&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: APG IV"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kewaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Kewaceae">Kewaceae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macarthuriaceae" title="Macarthuriaceae">Macarthuriaceae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microteaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Microteaceae">Microteaceae</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Petiveriaceae" title="Petiveriaceae">Petiveriaceae</a> were added in APG IV. <sup id="cite_ref-APG4_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APG4-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="APG_III">APG III</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caryophyllales&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: APG III"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As circumscribed by the <a href="/wiki/APG_III_system" title="APG III system">APG III system</a> (2009), this order includes the same families as the APG II system (see below) plus the new families, Limeaceae, Lophiocarpaceae, Montiaceae, Talinaceae, and Anacampserotaceae.<sup id="cite_ref-APGIII2009_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APGIII2009-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>family <a href="/wiki/Achatocarpaceae" title="Achatocarpaceae">Achatocarpaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Aizoaceae" title="Aizoaceae">Aizoaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Amaranthaceae" title="Amaranthaceae">Amaranthaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Anacampserotaceae" title="Anacampserotaceae">Anacampserotaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Ancistrocladaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancistrocladaceae">Ancistrocladaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Asteropeiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Asteropeiaceae">Asteropeiaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Barbeuiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbeuiaceae">Barbeuiaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Basellaceae" title="Basellaceae">Basellaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Cactaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cactaceae">Cactaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Caryophyllaceae" title="Caryophyllaceae">Caryophyllaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Didiereaceae" title="Didiereaceae">Didiereaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Dioncophyllaceae" title="Dioncophyllaceae">Dioncophyllaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Droseraceae" title="Droseraceae">Droseraceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Drosophyllaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Drosophyllaceae">Drosophyllaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Frankeniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankeniaceae">Frankeniaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Gisekiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gisekiaceae">Gisekiaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Halophytaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Halophytaceae">Halophytaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Kewaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Kewaceae">Kewaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Limeaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Limeaceae">Limeaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Lophiocarpaceae" title="Lophiocarpaceae">Lophiocarpaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Macarthuriaceae" title="Macarthuriaceae">Macarthuriaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Microteaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Microteaceae">Microteaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Molluginaceae" title="Molluginaceae">Molluginaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Montiaceae" title="Montiaceae">Montiaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Nepenthaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepenthaceae">Nepenthaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Nyctaginaceae" title="Nyctaginaceae">Nyctaginaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Petiveriaceae" title="Petiveriaceae">Petiveriaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Physenaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Physenaceae">Physenaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Phytolaccaceae" title="Phytolaccaceae">Phytolaccaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Plumbaginaceae" title="Plumbaginaceae">Plumbaginaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Polygonaceae" title="Polygonaceae">Polygonaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Portulacaceae" title="Portulacaceae">Portulacaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Rhabdodendraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhabdodendraceae">Rhabdodendraceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Sarcobataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarcobataceae">Sarcobataceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Simmondsiaceae" title="Simmondsiaceae">Simmondsiaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Stegnospermataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Stegnospermataceae">Stegnospermataceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Talinaceae" title="Talinaceae">Talinaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Tamaricaceae" title="Tamaricaceae">Tamaricaceae</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="APG_II">APG II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caryophyllales&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: APG II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As circumscribed by the <a href="/wiki/APG_II_system" title="APG II system">APG II system</a> (2003), this order includes well-known plants like <a href="/wiki/Cactus" title="Cactus">cacti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dianthus" title="Dianthus">carnations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spinach" title="Spinach">spinach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beet" class="mw-redirect" title="Beet">beet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhubarb" title="Rhubarb">rhubarb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sundew" class="mw-redirect" title="Sundew">sundews</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venus_fly_trap" class="mw-redirect" title="Venus fly trap">venus fly traps</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bougainvillea" title="Bougainvillea">bougainvillea</a>. Recent molecular and biochemical evidence has resolved additional well-supported <a href="/wiki/Cladistics" title="Cladistics">clades</a> within the Caryophyllales. </p> <ul><li>order Caryophyllales <ul><li>family <a href="/wiki/Achatocarpaceae" title="Achatocarpaceae">Achatocarpaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Aizoaceae" title="Aizoaceae">Aizoaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Amaranthaceae" title="Amaranthaceae">Amaranthaceae</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pupalia_lappacea_(Forest_Burr)_W_IMG_1562.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Pupalia_lappacea_%28Forest_Burr%29_W_IMG_1562.jpg/220px-Pupalia_lappacea_%28Forest_Burr%29_W_IMG_1562.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Pupalia_lappacea_%28Forest_Burr%29_W_IMG_1562.jpg/330px-Pupalia_lappacea_%28Forest_Burr%29_W_IMG_1562.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Pupalia_lappacea_%28Forest_Burr%29_W_IMG_1562.jpg/440px-Pupalia_lappacea_%28Forest_Burr%29_W_IMG_1562.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="526" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pupalia_lappacea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pupalia lappacea (page does not exist)">Pupalia lappacea</a></i> Forest Burr from family <a href="/wiki/Amaranthaceae" title="Amaranthaceae">Amaranthaceae</a> </figcaption></figure></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Anacampserotaceae" title="Anacampserotaceae">Anacampserotaceae</a> (added in APG III)<sup id="cite_ref-APGIII2009_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APGIII2009-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Ancistrocladaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancistrocladaceae">Ancistrocladaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Asteropeiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Asteropeiaceae">Asteropeiaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Barbeuiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbeuiaceae">Barbeuiaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Basellaceae" title="Basellaceae">Basellaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Cactaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cactaceae">Cactaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Caryophyllaceae" title="Caryophyllaceae">Caryophyllaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Didiereaceae" title="Didiereaceae">Didiereaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Dioncophyllaceae" title="Dioncophyllaceae">Dioncophyllaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Droseraceae" title="Droseraceae">Droseraceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Drosophyllaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Drosophyllaceae">Drosophyllaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Frankeniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankeniaceae">Frankeniaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Gisekiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gisekiaceae">Gisekiaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Halophytaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Halophytaceae">Halophytaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Limeaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Limeaceae">Limeaceae</a> (added in APG III)<sup id="cite_ref-APGIII2009_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APGIII2009-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Lophiocarpaceae" title="Lophiocarpaceae">Lophiocarpaceae</a> (added in APG III)<sup id="cite_ref-APGIII2009_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APGIII2009-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Molluginaceae" title="Molluginaceae">Molluginaceae</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Glinus_oppositifolius_(Bitter_cumin)_W2_IMG_0462.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Glinus_oppositifolius_%28Bitter_cumin%29_W2_IMG_0462.jpg/220px-Glinus_oppositifolius_%28Bitter_cumin%29_W2_IMG_0462.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Glinus_oppositifolius_%28Bitter_cumin%29_W2_IMG_0462.jpg/330px-Glinus_oppositifolius_%28Bitter_cumin%29_W2_IMG_0462.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Glinus_oppositifolius_%28Bitter_cumin%29_W2_IMG_0462.jpg/440px-Glinus_oppositifolius_%28Bitter_cumin%29_W2_IMG_0462.jpg 2x" data-file-width="924" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glinus_oppositifolius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glinus oppositifolius (page does not exist)">Glinus oppositifolius</a></i> from family <a href="/wiki/Molluginaceae" title="Molluginaceae">Molluginaceae</a> </figcaption></figure></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Montiaceae" title="Montiaceae">Montiaceae</a> (added in APG III)<sup id="cite_ref-APGIII2009_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APGIII2009-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Nepenthaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepenthaceae">Nepenthaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Nyctaginaceae" title="Nyctaginaceae">Nyctaginaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Physenaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Physenaceae">Physenaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Phytolaccaceae" title="Phytolaccaceae">Phytolaccaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Plumbaginaceae" title="Plumbaginaceae">Plumbaginaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Polygonaceae" title="Polygonaceae">Polygonaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Portulacaceae" title="Portulacaceae">Portulacaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Rhabdodendraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhabdodendraceae">Rhabdodendraceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Sarcobataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarcobataceae">Sarcobataceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Simmondsiaceae" title="Simmondsiaceae">Simmondsiaceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Stegnospermataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Stegnospermataceae">Stegnospermataceae</a></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Talinaceae" title="Talinaceae">Talinaceae</a> (added in APG III)<sup id="cite_ref-APGIII2009_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APGIII2009-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>family <a href="/wiki/Tamaricaceae" title="Tamaricaceae">Tamaricaceae</a></li></ul></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cactaceae%CB%90_Gymnocalycium_Matoensea.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Cactaceae%CB%90_Gymnocalycium_Matoensea.JPG/220px-Cactaceae%CB%90_Gymnocalycium_Matoensea.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Cactaceae%CB%90_Gymnocalycium_Matoensea.JPG/330px-Cactaceae%CB%90_Gymnocalycium_Matoensea.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Cactaceae%CB%90_Gymnocalycium_Matoensea.JPG/440px-Cactaceae%CB%90_Gymnocalycium_Matoensea.JPG 2x" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912" /></a><figcaption>Cactaceaeː Gymnocalycium Matoensea at Yale's Marsh Botanical Garden.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="APG">APG</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caryophyllales&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: APG"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carnegiea_gigantea_top.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Carnegiea_gigantea_top.jpg/220px-Carnegiea_gigantea_top.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Carnegiea_gigantea_top.jpg/330px-Carnegiea_gigantea_top.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Carnegiea_gigantea_top.jpg/440px-Carnegiea_gigantea_top.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1752" data-file-height="1736" /></a><figcaption><i>Carnegiea gigantea</i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spring_Flowers.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Spring_Flowers.JPG/220px-Spring_Flowers.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Spring_Flowers.JPG/330px-Spring_Flowers.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Spring_Flowers.JPG/440px-Spring_Flowers.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2134" /></a><figcaption>Sweet William Dwarf from the family Caryophyllaceae</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flower_dianthus.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f0/Flower_dianthus.JPG/220px-Flower_dianthus.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f0/Flower_dianthus.JPG/330px-Flower_dianthus.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f0/Flower_dianthus.JPG/440px-Flower_dianthus.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption><i>A flower of Dianthus</i></figcaption></figure> <p>This represents a slight change from the <a href="/wiki/APG_system" title="APG system">APG system</a>, of 1998 </p> <ul><li>order Caryophyllales <dl><dd>family Achatocarpaceae</dd> <dd>family Aizoaceae</dd> <dd>family Amaranthaceae</dd> <dd>family Ancistrocladaceae</dd> <dd>family Asteropeiaceae</dd> <dd>family Basellaceae</dd> <dd>family Cactaceae</dd> <dd>family Caryophyllaceae</dd> <dd>family Didiereaceae</dd> <dd>family Dioncophyllaceae</dd> <dd>family Droseraceae</dd> <dd>family Drosophyllaceae</dd> <dd>family Frankeniaceae</dd> <dd>family Molluginaceae</dd> <dd>family Nepenthaceae</dd> <dd>family Nyctaginaceae</dd> <dd>family Physenaceae</dd> <dd>family Phytolaccaceae</dd> <dd>family Plumbaginaceae</dd> <dd>family Polygonaceae</dd> <dd>family Portulacaceae</dd> <dd>family Rhabdodendraceae</dd> <dd>family Sarcobataceae</dd> <dd>family Simmondsiaceae</dd> <dd>family Stegnospermataceae</dd> <dd>family Tamaricaceae</dd></dl></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cronquist">Cronquist</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caryophyllales&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Cronquist"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Melganzenvoet_bloeiwijze_Chenopodium_album.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Melganzenvoet_bloeiwijze_Chenopodium_album.jpg/220px-Melganzenvoet_bloeiwijze_Chenopodium_album.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Melganzenvoet_bloeiwijze_Chenopodium_album.jpg/330px-Melganzenvoet_bloeiwijze_Chenopodium_album.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Melganzenvoet_bloeiwijze_Chenopodium_album.jpg/440px-Melganzenvoet_bloeiwijze_Chenopodium_album.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1110" data-file-height="1671" /></a><figcaption><i>Chenopodium album</i></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Cronquist_system" title="Cronquist system">Cronquist system</a> (1981) also recognised the order, with this circumscription: </p> <ul><li>order Caryophyllales <dl><dd>family Achatocarpaceae</dd> <dd>family Aizoaceae</dd> <dd>family Amaranthaceae</dd> <dd>family Basellaceae</dd> <dd>family Cactaceae</dd> <dd>family Caryophyllaceae</dd> <dd>family Chenopodiaceae</dd> <dd>family Didiereaceae</dd> <dd>family Nyctaginaceae</dd> <dd>family Phytolaccaceae</dd> <dd>family Portulacaceae</dd> <dd>family Molluginaceae</dd></dl></li></ul> <p>The difference with the order as recognized by APG lies in the first place in the concept of "order". The APG favours much larger orders and families, and the order Caryophyllales <i>sensu</i> APG should rather be compared to subclass <a href="/wiki/Caryophyllidae" title="Caryophyllidae">Caryophyllidae</a> <i>sensu</i> Cronquist. </p><p>A part of the difference lies with what families are recognized. The plants in the Stegnospermataceae and Barbeuiaceae were included in Cronquist's Phytolaccaceae. The Chenopodiaceae (still recognized by Cronquist) are included in Amaranthaceae by APG. </p><p>New to the order (<i>sensu </i>APG) are the Asteropeiaceae and Physenaceae, each containing a single genus, and two genera from Cronquist's order <a href="/wiki/Nepenthales" title="Nepenthales">Nepenthales</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Earlier_circumscriptions">Earlier circumscriptions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caryophyllales&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Earlier circumscriptions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Earlier systems, such as the <a href="/wiki/Wettstein_system" title="Wettstein system">Wettstein system</a>, last edition in 1935, and the <a href="/wiki/Engler_system" title="Engler system">Engler system</a>, updated in 1964, had a similar order under the name <a href="/wiki/Centrospermae" title="Centrospermae">Centrospermae</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caryophyllales&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-APGIII2009-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-APGIII2009_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-APGIII2009_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-APGIII2009_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-APGIII2009_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-APGIII2009_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-APGIII2009_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-APGIII2009_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAngiosperm_Phylogeny_Group2009" class="citation journal cs1">Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1095-8339.2009.00996.x">"An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III"</a>. <i>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</i>. <b>161</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">105–</span>121. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1095-8339.2009.00996.x">10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10654%2F18083">10654/18083</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Botanical+Journal+of+the+Linnean+Society&rft.atitle=An+update+of+the+Angiosperm+Phylogeny+Group+classification+for+the+orders+and+families+of+flowering+plants%3A+APG+III&rft.volume=161&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E105-%3C%2Fspan%3E121&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10654%2F18083&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1095-8339.2009.00996.x&rft.au=Angiosperm+Phylogeny+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1095-8339.2009.00996.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaryophyllales" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ClarkeLee2003-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ClarkeLee2003_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarkeLee2003" class="citation book cs1">Clarke, Ian; Lee, Helen (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/namethatflowerid00clar"><i>Name that Flower: The Identification of Flowering Plants</i></a></span>. 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href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fboj.12385">10.1111/boj.12385</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Botanical+Journal+of+the+Linnean+Society&rft.atitle=An+update+of+the+Angiosperm+Phylogeny+Group+classification+for+the+orders+and+families+of+flowering+plants%3A+APG+IV&rft.volume=181&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E20&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fboj.12385&rft.au=Angiosperm+Phylogeny+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fboj.12385&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaryophyllales" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span 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class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Special:Search/Caryophyllales">Caryophyllales</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tolweb.org/Amaranthaceae">Tree of Life</a> Characteristics and Phylogenetic Relationships</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Orders_of_flowering_plants_(APG_IV)683" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#C3EEC3;;background:#90EE90;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Angiosperm_orders" title="Template:Angiosperm orders"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Angiosperm_orders" title="Template talk:Angiosperm orders"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Angiosperm_orders" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Angiosperm orders"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Orders_of_flowering_plants_(APG_IV)683" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Orders of <a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">flowering plants</a> (<a href="/wiki/APG_IV_system" title="APG IV system">APG IV</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#C3EEC3;"><div> <ul><li>Supergroup <a href="/wiki/Template:Plant_classification" title="Template:Plant classification">Plant</a>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Bryophyta" title="Template:Bryophyta">Bryophyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Marchantiophyta" title="Template:Marchantiophyta">Marchantiophyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Fern_classification" title="Template:Fern classification">Polypodiophyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Acrogymnospermae_classification" title="Template:Acrogymnospermae classification">Acrogymnospermae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Angiosperm_families" title="Template:Angiosperm families">Angiospermae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C3EEC3;;width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amborella" title="Amborella">Amborellales</a>¹</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymphaeales" title="Nymphaeales">Nymphaeales</a>¹</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrobaileyales" title="Austrobaileyales">Austrobaileyales</a>¹</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"><a href="/wiki/Mesangiospermae" title="Mesangiospermae">Mesangiosperms</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chloranthaceae" title="Chloranthaceae">Chloranthales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceratophyllaceae" title="Ceratophyllaceae">Ceratophyllales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Magnoliids" title="Magnoliids">Magnoliids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canellales" title="Canellales">Canellales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piperales" title="Piperales">Piperales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurales" title="Laurales">Laurales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnoliales" title="Magnoliales">Magnoliales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Monocotyledon" title="Monocotyledon">Monocots</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acorus" title="Acorus">Acorales</a>²</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alismatales" title="Alismatales">Alismatales</a>²</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrosaviaceae" title="Petrosaviaceae">Petrosaviales</a>³</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dioscoreales" title="Dioscoreales">Dioscoreales</a>³</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandanales" title="Pandanales">Pandanales</a>³</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liliales" title="Liliales">Liliales</a>³</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asparagales" title="Asparagales">Asparagales</a>³</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Commelinids" title="Commelinids">Commelinids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arecales" title="Arecales">Arecales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poales" title="Poales">Poales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commelinales" title="Commelinales">Commelinales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zingiberales" title="Zingiberales">Zingiberales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"><a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ranunculales" title="Ranunculales">Ranunculales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proteales" title="Proteales">Proteales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trochodendraceae" title="Trochodendraceae">Trochodendrales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buxales" title="Buxales">Buxales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"><a href="/wiki/Core_eudicots" class="mw-redirect" title="Core eudicots">Core eudicots</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gunnerales" title="Gunnerales">Gunnerales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilleniales" title="Dilleniales">Dilleniales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"><a href="/wiki/Superrosids" title="Superrosids">Superrosids</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saxifragales" title="Saxifragales">Saxifragales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Rosids" title="Rosids">Rosids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vitaceae" title="Vitaceae">Vitales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Fabids" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabids">Fabids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zygophyllales" title="Zygophyllales">Zygophyllales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celastrales" title="Celastrales">Celastrales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malpighiales" title="Malpighiales">Malpighiales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxalidales" title="Oxalidales">Oxalidales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabales" title="Fabales">Fabales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosales" title="Rosales">Rosales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucurbitales" title="Cucurbitales">Cucurbitales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fagales" title="Fagales">Fagales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Malvids" class="mw-redirect" title="Malvids">Malvids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geraniales" title="Geraniales">Geraniales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrtales" title="Myrtales">Myrtales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossosomatales" title="Crossosomatales">Crossosomatales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picramniaceae" title="Picramniaceae">Picramniales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapindales" title="Sapindales">Sapindales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huerteales" title="Huerteales">Huerteales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brassicales" title="Brassicales">Brassicales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malvales" title="Malvales">Malvales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"><a href="/wiki/Superasterids" title="Superasterids">Superasterids</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berberidopsidales" title="Berberidopsidales">Berberidopsidales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santalales" title="Santalales">Santalales</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Caryophyllales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Asterids" title="Asterids">Asterids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornales" title="Cornales">Cornales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ericales" title="Ericales">Ericales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Campanulids" class="mw-redirect" title="Campanulids">Campanulids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquifoliales" title="Aquifoliales">Aquifoliales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asterales" title="Asterales">Asterales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escalloniaceae" title="Escalloniaceae">Escalloniales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruniales" title="Bruniales">Bruniales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apiales" title="Apiales">Apiales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipsacales" title="Dipsacales">Dipsacales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracryphiaceae" title="Paracryphiaceae">Paracryphiales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Lamiids" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamiids">Lamiids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Icacinales" title="Icacinales">Icacinales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metteniusaceae" title="Metteniusaceae">Metteniusales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garryales" title="Garryales">Garryales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boraginales" title="Boraginales">Boraginales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentianales" title="Gentianales">Gentianales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamiales" title="Lamiales">Lamiales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solanales" title="Solanales">Solanales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vahlia" title="Vahlia">Vahliales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flower_poster_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flower_poster_2.jpg/140px-Flower_poster_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flower_poster_2.jpg/210px-Flower_poster_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flower_poster_2.jpg/280px-Flower_poster_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4462" data-file-height="5932" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#C3EEC3;"><div> <ul><li>¹<a href="/wiki/Basal_angiosperms" title="Basal angiosperms">Basal angiosperms</a></li> <li>²<a href="/wiki/Alismatid_monocots" title="Alismatid monocots">Alismatids</a></li> <li>³<a href="/wiki/Lilioid_monocots" title="Lilioid monocots">Lilioids</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Angiosperm_orders" title="Category:Angiosperm orders">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers3417" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers3417" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Caryophyllales</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21808" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q21808">Q21808</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Caryophyllales" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Caryophyllales">Caryophyllales</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Plant_Name_Index" title="Australian Plant Name Index">APNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.biodiversity.org.au/name/apni/214981">214981</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/BMH4R">BMH4R</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/4223">4223</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/1CAFO">1CAFO</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/422">422</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/47366">47366</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10254">10254</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=19520">19520</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://species.nbnatlas.org/species/NHMSYS0021060384">NHMSYS0021060384</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=3524">3524</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/926464e2-0388-4e8a-a500-b647ba4fafe4">926464e2-0388-4e8a-a500-b647ba4fafe4</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=216628">216628</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=54896">54896</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plazi" title="Plazi">Plazi</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3D6C2D95-5319-3EA0-6A12-93C51D5B9E40">3D6C2D95-5319-3EA0-6A12-93C51D5B9E40</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">VASCAN: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.canadensys.net/vascan/taxon/14">14</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Herbarium_of_Victoria" title="National Herbarium of Victoria">VicFlora</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/0cb0e4f0-f028-4b46-80df-ec8b04ae34d9">0cb0e4f0-f028-4b46-80df-ec8b04ae34d9</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-9000000088">wfo-9000000088</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=196217">196217</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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