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data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/42261052/Converting_the_Pacific_Jesuit_Networks_Between_New_Spain_and_Asia"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Converting the Pacific: Jesuit Networks Between New Spain and Asia" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/62413036/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/42261052/Converting_the_Pacific_Jesuit_Networks_Between_New_Spain_and_Asia">Converting the Pacific: Jesuit Networks Between New Spain and Asia</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Oxford Handbook of the Iberian Borderlands</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">As an early modern enterprise, the Society of Jesus established networks that relayed in formatio...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">As an early modern enterprise, the Society of Jesus established networks that relayed in formation from far-flung missionaries back to superiors in metropolitan centers. At the same time, Jesuits linked to colleagues serving in other locales by sharing letters, maps, and devotional objects that helped forge a worldwide, imagined community. Through these informal means, Jesuits in New Spain developed particularly strong ties to Asia as the colonization of the Philippines and establishment of the Manila Galleons turned their viceroyalty into a transpacific contact zone. Beginning with a sixteenth-century debate over forceful conversion, this chapter traces confrontations and comparisons engendered by this communication. It tracks religious devotion to Japanese martyrs in the Americas to better understand the function of hagiography in colonial contexts. Martyrs also fac tored into transpacific competition and cooperation, leading Jesuits in Mexico, China, and Spain to connect their personal sacrifices to the larger effort to convert the Pacific. A Trans-Pacific Network AS an early modern global enterprise, the Society of Jesus famously established networks that relayed information vertically from far-flung missionaries up to superiors in metro politan centers. At the same time, Jesuits linked horizontally to colleagues serving in oth er continents by sharing letters, histories, maps, and devotional objects that helped forge a worldwide imagined community. Through these less formal means, missionaries in New Spain and Asia developed particularly strong ties, reinforced by a shared history of colo nization, trade, and inevitable competition for resources. Accounts focused on direct rela tions between discrete peripheries and hierarchical centers have sometimes missed the extent to which intercolonial communication influenced historical developments across fields. Yet the viceroyalty of New Spain was a trans-oceanic contact zone for European, Asian, and indigenous cultures, in which Jesuit networks gathered information, fostered</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c1c83c8a6e8768fd5d0290e09c5411f9" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":62413036,"asset_id":42261052,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62413036/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="42261052"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42261052"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42261052; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="32069535"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/32069535/Willy_Nilly_Baptisms_and_Chichimeca_Freedoms_Missionary_Disputes_Indigenous_Desires_and_the_1695_Oodham_Revolt"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Willy-Nilly Baptisms and Chichimeca Freedoms: Missionary Disputes, Indigenous Desires and the 1695 O'odham Revolt" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/52326883/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/32069535/Willy_Nilly_Baptisms_and_Chichimeca_Freedoms_Missionary_Disputes_Indigenous_Desires_and_the_1695_Oodham_Revolt">Willy-Nilly Baptisms and Chichimeca Freedoms: Missionary Disputes, Indigenous Desires and the 1695 O'odham Revolt</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper uses the 1695 revolt of the O'odham (Pima) in northern New Spain as a window into ritu...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper uses the 1695 revolt of the O'odham (Pima) in northern New Spain as a window into ritually inflected encounters between indigenous communities and European evangelists. A careful study of the diverse religious and military reports on the O'odham rebellion reveals a more complex rendering of native participation than the dichoto-mous options of conversion or rejection. Soldiers' journals, missionary letters, and official reports not only list possible reasons for the uprising, but also help explain the long periods of relative cooperation that preceded and followed it. Even as several O'odham rejected Christian symbols and rituals in 1695, they also welcomed missionaries with crosses, accepted baptism, celebrated feasts, and constructed churches before and after the revolt. At the same time, the uprising exposed internal Jesuit ambivalence about the authenticity of indigenous sacramental participation. While priests like Eusebio Kino believed in a patient and relatively tolerant approach to existing O'odham practices, others like Francisco Xavier Mora insisted on a more immediate and thoroughgoing transformation to European norms. This disagreement and the ensuing gap between early promises and actual implementation help explain shifting O'odham strategies for negotiating missionary encounters.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8d04b28c4bf8c4b3d9e34174ddfd068b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":52326883,"asset_id":32069535,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52326883/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="32069535"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32069535"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32069535; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="338755" id="articles"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="42261052"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/42261052/Converting_the_Pacific_Jesuit_Networks_Between_New_Spain_and_Asia"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Converting the Pacific: Jesuit Networks Between New Spain and Asia" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/62413036/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/42261052/Converting_the_Pacific_Jesuit_Networks_Between_New_Spain_and_Asia">Converting the Pacific: Jesuit Networks Between New Spain and Asia</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Oxford Handbook of the Iberian Borderlands</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">As an early modern enterprise, the Society of Jesus established networks that relayed in formatio...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">As an early modern enterprise, the Society of Jesus established networks that relayed in formation from far-flung missionaries back to superiors in metropolitan centers. At the same time, Jesuits linked to colleagues serving in other locales by sharing letters, maps, and devotional objects that helped forge a worldwide, imagined community. Through these informal means, Jesuits in New Spain developed particularly strong ties to Asia as the colonization of the Philippines and establishment of the Manila Galleons turned their viceroyalty into a transpacific contact zone. Beginning with a sixteenth-century debate over forceful conversion, this chapter traces confrontations and comparisons engendered by this communication. It tracks religious devotion to Japanese martyrs in the Americas to better understand the function of hagiography in colonial contexts. Martyrs also fac tored into transpacific competition and cooperation, leading Jesuits in Mexico, China, and Spain to connect their personal sacrifices to the larger effort to convert the Pacific. A Trans-Pacific Network AS an early modern global enterprise, the Society of Jesus famously established networks that relayed information vertically from far-flung missionaries up to superiors in metro politan centers. At the same time, Jesuits linked horizontally to colleagues serving in oth er continents by sharing letters, histories, maps, and devotional objects that helped forge a worldwide imagined community. Through these less formal means, missionaries in New Spain and Asia developed particularly strong ties, reinforced by a shared history of colo nization, trade, and inevitable competition for resources. Accounts focused on direct rela tions between discrete peripheries and hierarchical centers have sometimes missed the extent to which intercolonial communication influenced historical developments across fields. Yet the viceroyalty of New Spain was a trans-oceanic contact zone for European, Asian, and indigenous cultures, in which Jesuit networks gathered information, fostered</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c1c83c8a6e8768fd5d0290e09c5411f9" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":62413036,"asset_id":42261052,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62413036/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="42261052"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42261052"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42261052; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="32069535"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/32069535/Willy_Nilly_Baptisms_and_Chichimeca_Freedoms_Missionary_Disputes_Indigenous_Desires_and_the_1695_Oodham_Revolt"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Willy-Nilly Baptisms and Chichimeca Freedoms: Missionary Disputes, Indigenous Desires and the 1695 O'odham Revolt" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/52326883/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/32069535/Willy_Nilly_Baptisms_and_Chichimeca_Freedoms_Missionary_Disputes_Indigenous_Desires_and_the_1695_Oodham_Revolt">Willy-Nilly Baptisms and Chichimeca Freedoms: Missionary Disputes, Indigenous Desires and the 1695 O'odham Revolt</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper uses the 1695 revolt of the O'odham (Pima) in northern New Spain as a window into ritu...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper uses the 1695 revolt of the O'odham (Pima) in northern New Spain as a window into ritually inflected encounters between indigenous communities and European evangelists. A careful study of the diverse religious and military reports on the O'odham rebellion reveals a more complex rendering of native participation than the dichoto-mous options of conversion or rejection. Soldiers' journals, missionary letters, and official reports not only list possible reasons for the uprising, but also help explain the long periods of relative cooperation that preceded and followed it. Even as several O'odham rejected Christian symbols and rituals in 1695, they also welcomed missionaries with crosses, accepted baptism, celebrated feasts, and constructed churches before and after the revolt. At the same time, the uprising exposed internal Jesuit ambivalence about the authenticity of indigenous sacramental participation. While priests like Eusebio Kino believed in a patient and relatively tolerant approach to existing O'odham practices, others like Francisco Xavier Mora insisted on a more immediate and thoroughgoing transformation to European norms. 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