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deposition</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: electrospray deposition"> <meta name="keywords" content="electrospray deposition"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="electrospray deposition"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 915</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: electrospray deposition</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">915</span> Electrospray Deposition Technique of Dye Molecules in the Vacuum </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nouf%20Alharbi">Nouf Alharbi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The electrospray deposition technique became an important method that enables fragile, nonvolatile molecules to be deposited in situ in high vacuum environments. Furthermore, it is considered one of the ways to close the gap between basic surface science and molecular engineering, which represents a gradual change in the range of scientist research. Also, this paper talked about one of the most important techniques that have been developed and aimed for helping to further develop and characterize the electrospray by providing data collected using an image charge detection instrument. Image charge detection mass spectrometry (CDMS) is used to measure speed and charge distributions of the molecular ions. As well as, some data has been included using SIMION simulation to simulate the energies and masses of the molecular ions through the system in order to refine the mass-selection process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charge" title="charge">charge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deposition" title=" deposition"> deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrospray" title=" electrospray"> electrospray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image" title=" image"> image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ions" title=" ions"> ions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecules" title=" molecules"> molecules</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SIMION" title=" SIMION"> SIMION</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134621/electrospray-deposition-technique-of-dye-molecules-in-the-vacuum" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134621.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">914</span> Improved Reuse and Storage Performances at Room Temperature of a New Environmental-Friendly Lactate Oxidase Biosensor Made by Ambient Electrospray Deposition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antonella%20Cartoni">Antonella Cartoni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mattea%20Carmen%20Castrovilli"> Mattea Carmen Castrovilli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A biosensor for lactate detection has been developed using an environmentally friendly approach. The biosensor is based on lactate oxidase (LOX) and has remarkable capabilities for reuse and storage at room temperature. The manufacturing technique employed is ambient electrospray deposition (ESD), which enables efficient and sustainable immobilization of the LOX enzyme on a cost-effective com-mercial screen-printed Prussian blue/carbon electrode (PB/C-SPE). The study demonstrates that the ESD technology allows the biosensor to be stored at ambient pressure and temperature for extended periods without affecting the enzymatic activity. The biosensor can be stored for up to 90 days without requiring specific storage conditions, and it can be reused for up to 24 measurements on both freshly prepared electrodes and electrodes that are three months old. The LOX-based biosensor exhibits a lin-ear range of lactate detection between 0.1 and 1 mM, with a limit of detection of 0.07±0.02 mM. Ad-ditionally, it does not exhibit any memory effects. The immobilization process does not involve the use of entrapment matrices or hazardous chemicals, making it environmentally sustainable and non-toxic compared to current methods. Furthermore, the application of a electrospray deposition cycle on previously used biosensors rejuvenates their performance, making them comparable to freshly made biosensors. This highlights the excellent recycling potential of the technique, eliminating the waste as-sociated with disposable devices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20friendly" title="green friendly">green friendly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reuse" title=" reuse"> reuse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=storage%20performance" title=" storage performance"> storage performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immobilization" title=" immobilization"> immobilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matrix-free" title=" matrix-free"> matrix-free</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrospray%20deposition" title=" electrospray deposition"> electrospray deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosensor" title=" biosensor"> biosensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lactate%20oxidase" title=" lactate oxidase"> lactate oxidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzyme" title=" enzyme"> enzyme</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175645/improved-reuse-and-storage-performances-at-room-temperature-of-a-new-environmental-friendly-lactate-oxidase-biosensor-made-by-ambient-electrospray-deposition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175645.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">66</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">913</span> Ambient Electrospray Deposition: An Efficient Technique to Immobilize Laccase on Cheap Electrodes With Unprecedented Reuse and Storage Performances</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mattea%20Carmen%20Castrovilli">Mattea Carmen Castrovilli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antonella%20Cartoni"> Antonella Cartoni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electrospray ionisation (ESI), a well-established technique widely used to produce ion beams of biomolecules in mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), can be used for ambient soft landing of enzymes on a specific substrate. In this work, we show how the ambient electrospray deposition (ESD) technique can be successfully exploited for manufacturing a promising, green-friendly electrochemical amperometric laccase-based biosensor with unprecedented reuse and storage performance. These biosensors have been manufactured by spraying a laccase solution of 2μg/μL at 20% of methanol on a commercial carbon screen printed electrode (C-SPE) using a custom ESD set-up. The laccase-based ESD biosensor has been tested against catechol compounds in the linear range 2-100 μM, with a limit of detection of 1.7 μM, without interference from cadmium, chrome, arsenic, and zinc and without any memory effects, but showing a matrix effect in lake and well water. The ESD biosensor shows enhanced performances compared to the ones fabricated with other immobilization methods, like drop-casting. Indeed, it retains 100% activity up to two months of storage at ambient conditions without any special care and working stability up to 63 measurements on the same electrode just prepared and 20 on a one-year-old electrode subjected to redeposition together with a 100% resistance to use of the same electrode in subsequent days. The ESD method is a one-step, environmentally friendly method that allows the deposition of the bio-recognition layer without using any additional chemicals. The promising results in terms of storage and working stability also obtained with the more fragile lactate oxidase enzyme suggest these improvements should be attributed to the ESD technique rather than to the bioreceptor, highlighting how the ESD could be useful in reducing pollution from disposable devices. Acknowledgment: The understanding at the molecular level of this promising biosensor by using different spectroscopies, microscopies and analytical techniques is the subject of our PRIN 2022 project ESILARANTE. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reuse" title="reuse">reuse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=storage%20performance" title=" storage performance"> storage performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immobilization" title=" immobilization"> immobilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrospray%20deposition" title=" electrospray deposition"> electrospray deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosensor" title=" biosensor"> biosensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laccase" title=" laccase"> laccase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catechol%20detection" title=" catechol detection"> catechol detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20chemistry" title=" green chemistry"> green chemistry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175637/ambient-electrospray-deposition-an-efficient-technique-to-immobilize-laccase-on-cheap-electrodes-with-unprecedented-reuse-and-storage-performances" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175637.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">63</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">912</span> Modification of a Commercial Ultrafiltration Membrane by Electrospray Deposition for Performance Adjustment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elizaveta%20Korzhova">Elizaveta Korzhova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sebastien%20Deon"> Sebastien Deon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patrick%20Fievet"> Patrick Fievet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dmitry%20Lopatin"> Dmitry Lopatin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oleg%20Baranov"> Oleg Baranov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Filtration with nanoporous ultrafiltration membranes is an attractive option to remove ionic pollutants from contaminated effluents. Unfortunately, commercial membranes are not necessarily suitable for specific applications, and their modification by polymer deposition is a fruitful way to adapt their performances accordingly. Many methods are usually used for surface modification, but a novel technique based on electrospray is proposed here. Various quantities of polymers were deposited on a commercial membrane, and the impact of the deposit is investigated on filtration performances and discussed in terms of charge and hydrophobicity. The electrospray deposition is a technique which has not been used for membrane modification up to now. It consists of spraying small drops of polymer solution under a high voltage between the needle containing the solution and the metallic support on which membrane is stuck. The advantage of this process lies in the small quantities of polymer that can be coated on the membrane surface compared with immersion technique. In this study, various quantities (from 2 to 40 μL/cm²) of solutions containing two charged polymers (13 mmol/L of monomer unit), namely polyethyleneimine (PEI) and polystyrene sulfonate (PSS), were sprayed on a negatively charged polyethersulfone membrane (PLEIADE, Orelis Environment). The efficacy of the polymer deposition was then investigated by estimating ion rejection, permeation flux, zeta-potential and contact angle before and after the polymer deposition. Firstly, contact angle (θ) measurements show that the surface hydrophilicity is notably improved by coating both PEI and PSS. Moreover, it was highlighted that the contact angle decreases monotonously with the amount of sprayed solution. Additionally, hydrophilicity enhancement was proved to be better with PSS (from 62 to 35°) than PEI (from 62 to 53°). Values of zeta-potential (ζ were estimated by measuring the streaming current generated by a pressure difference on both sides of a channel made by clamping two membranes. The ζ-values demonstrate that the deposits of PSS (negative at pH=5.5) allow an increase of the negative membrane charge, whereas the deposits of PEI (positive) lead to a positive surface charge. Zeta-potentials measurements also emphasize that the sprayed quantity has little impact on the membrane charge, except for very low quantities (2 μL/m²). The cross-flow filtration of salt solutions containing mono and divalent ions demonstrate that polymer deposition allows a strong enhancement of ion rejection. For instance, it is shown that rejection of a salt containing a divalent cation can be increased from 1 to 20 % and even to 35% by deposing 2 and 4 μL/cm² of PEI solution, respectively. This observation is coherent with the reversal of the membrane charge induced by PEI deposition. Similarly, the increase of negative charge induced by PSS deposition leads to an increase of NaCl rejection from 5 to 45 % due to electrostatic repulsion of the Cl- ion by the negative surface charge. Finally, a notable fall in the permeation flux due to the polymer layer coated at the surface was observed and the best polymer concentration in the sprayed solution remains to be determined to optimize performances. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrafiltration" title="ultrafiltration">ultrafiltration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrospray%20deposition" title=" electrospray deposition"> electrospray deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ion%20rejection" title=" ion rejection"> ion rejection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=permeation%20flux" title=" permeation flux"> permeation flux</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zeta-potential" title=" zeta-potential"> zeta-potential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophobicity" title=" hydrophobicity"> hydrophobicity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86934/modification-of-a-commercial-ultrafiltration-membrane-by-electrospray-deposition-for-performance-adjustment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86934.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">187</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">911</span> A Photoemission Study of Dye Molecules Deposited by Electrospray on rutile TiO2 (110)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nouf%20Alharbi">Nouf Alharbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20O%27shea"> James O'shea</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For decades, renewable energy sources have received considerable global interest due to the increase in fossil fuel consumption. The abundant energy produced by sunlight makes dye-sensitised solar cells (DSSCs) a promising alternative compared to conventional silicon and thin film solar cells due to their transparency and tunable colours, which make them suitable for applications such as windows and glass facades. The transfer of an excited electron onto the surface is an important procedure in the DSSC system, so different groups of dye molecules were studied on the rutile TiO2 (110) surface. Currently, the study of organic dyes has become an interest of researchers due to ruthenium being a rare and expensive metal, and metal-free organic dyes have many features, such as high molar extinction coefficients, low manufacturing costs, and ease of structural modification and synthesis. There are, of course, some groups that have developed organic dyes and exhibited lower light-harvesting efficiency ranging between 4% and 8%. Since most dye molecules are complicated or fragile to be deposited by thermal evaporation or sublimation in the ultra-high vacuum (UHV), all dyes (i.e, D5, SC4, and R6) in this study were deposited in situ using the electrospray deposition technique combined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as an alternative method to obtain high-quality monolayers of titanium dioxide. These organic molecules adsorbed onto rutile TiO2 (110) are explored by XPS, which can be used to obtain element-specific information on the chemical structure and study bonding and interaction sites on the surface. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dyes" title="dyes">dyes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deposition" title=" deposition"> deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrospray" title=" electrospray"> electrospray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecules" title=" molecules"> molecules</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic" title=" organic"> organic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rutile" title=" rutile"> rutile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensitised" title=" sensitised"> sensitised</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XPS" title=" XPS"> XPS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164476/a-photoemission-study-of-dye-molecules-deposited-by-electrospray-on-rutile-tio2-110" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164476.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">910</span> The Study of Adsorption of RuP onto TiO₂ (110) Surface Using Photoemission Deposited by Electrospray</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahani%20Mashikhi">Tahani Mashikhi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Countries worldwide rely on electric power as a critical economic growth and progress factor. Renewable energy sources, often referred to as alternative energy sources, such as wind, solar energy, geothermal energy, biomass, and hydropower, have garnered significant interest in response to the rising consumption of fossil fuels. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are a highly promising alternative for energy production as they possess numerous advantages compared to traditional silicon solar cells and thin-film solar cells. These include their low cost, high flexibility, straightforward preparation methodology, ease of production, low toxicity, different colors, semi-transparent quality, and high power conversion efficiency. A solar cell, also known as a photovoltaic cell, is a device that converts the energy of light from the sun into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect. The Gratzel cell is the initial dye-sensitized solar cell made from colloidal titanium dioxide. The operational mechanism of DSSCs relies on various key elements, such as a layer composed of wide band gap semiconducting oxide materials (e.g. titanium dioxide [TiO₂]), as well as a photosensitizer or dye that absorbs sunlight to inject electrons into the conduction band, the electrolyte utilizes the triiodide/iodide redox pair (I− /I₃−) to regenerate dye molecules and a counter electrode made of carbon or platinum facilitates the movement of electrons across the circuit. Electrospray deposition permits the deposition of fragile, non-volatile molecules in a vacuum environment, including dye sensitizers, complex molecules, nanoparticles, and biomolecules. Surface science techniques, particularly X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, are employed to examine dye-sensitized solar cells. This study investigates the possible application of electrospray deposition to build high-quality layers in situ in a vacuum. Two distinct categories of dyes can be employed as sensitizers in DSSCs: organometallic semiconductor sensitizers and purely organic dyes. Most organometallic dyes, including Ru533, RuC, and RuP, contain a ruthenium atom, which is a rare element. This ruthenium atom enhances the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). These dyes are characterized by their high cost and typically appear as dark purple powders. On the other hand, organic dyes, such as SQ2, RK1, D5, SC4, and R6, exhibit reduced efficacy due to the lack of a ruthenium atom. These dyes appear in green, red, orange, and blue powder-colored. This study will specifically concentrate on metal-organic dyes. The adsorption of dye molecules onto the rutile TiO₂ (110) surface has been deposited in situ under ultra-high vacuum conditions by combining an electrospray deposition method with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) technique examines chemical bonds and interactions between molecules and TiO₂ surfaces. The dyes were deposited at varying times, from 5 minutes to 40 minutes, to achieve distinct layers of coverage categorized as sub-monolayer, monolayer, few layers, or multilayer. Based on the O 1s photoelectron spectra data, it can be observed that the monolayer establishes a strong chemical bond with the Ti atoms of the oxide substrate by deprotonating the carboxylic acid groups through 2M-bidentate bridging anchors. The C 1s and N 1s photoelectron spectra indicate that the molecule remains intact at the surface. This can be due to the existence of all functional groups and a ruthenium atom, where the binding energy of Ru 3d is consistent with Ru2+. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deposit" title="deposit">deposit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dye" title=" dye"> dye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrospray" title=" electrospray"> electrospray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TiO%E2%82%82" title=" TiO₂"> TiO₂</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XPS" title=" XPS"> XPS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187075/the-study-of-adsorption-of-rup-onto-tio2-110-surface-using-photoemission-deposited-by-electrospray" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187075.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">48</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">909</span> Simulation of the Asphaltene Deposition Rate in a Wellbore Blockage via Computational Fluid Dynamic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaodong%20Gao">Xiaodong Gao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pingchuan%20Dong"> Pingchuan Dong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qichao%20Gao"> Qichao Gao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There has been lots of published work focused on asphaltene deposited on the smooth pipe under steady conditions, while particle deposition on the blockage wellbores under transient conditions has not been well elucidated. This work attempts to predict the deposition rate of asphaltene particles in blockage tube through CFD simulation. The Euler-Lagrange equation has been applied during the flow of crude oil and asphaltene particles. The net gravitational force, virtual mass, pressure gradient, saffman lift, and drag forces are incorporated in the simulations process. Validation of CFD simulation results is compared to the benchmark experiments from the previous literature. Furthermore, the effect of blockage location, blockage length, and blockage thickness on deposition rate are also analyzed. The simulation results indicate that the maximum deposition rate of asphaltene occurs in the blocked tube section, and the greater the deposition thickness, the greater the deposition rate. Moreover, the deposition amount and maximum deposition rate along the length of the tube have the same trend. Results of this study are in the ability to better understand the deposition of asphaltene particles in production and help achieve to deal with the asphaltene challenges. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asphaltene%20deposition%20rate" title="asphaltene deposition rate">asphaltene deposition rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockage%20length" title=" blockage length"> blockage length</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockage%20thickness" title=" blockage thickness"> blockage thickness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockage%20diameter" title=" blockage diameter"> blockage diameter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transient%20condition" title=" transient condition"> transient condition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149723/simulation-of-the-asphaltene-deposition-rate-in-a-wellbore-blockage-via-computational-fluid-dynamic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149723.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">202</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">908</span> Evaluation of Electrophoretic and Electrospray Deposition Methods for Preparing Graphene and Activated Carbon Modified Nano-Fibre Electrodes for Hydrogen/Vanadium Flow Batteries and Supercapacitors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Barun%20Chakrabarti">Barun Chakrabarti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Evangelos%20Kalamaras"> Evangelos Kalamaras</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vladimir%20Yufit"> Vladimir Yufit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xinhua%20Liu"> Xinhua Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Billy%20Wu"> Billy Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigel%20Brandon"> Nigel Brandon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20T.%20John%20Low"> C. T. John Low</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, we perform electrophoretic deposition of activated carbon on a number of substrates to prepare symmetrical coin cells for supercapacitor applications. From several recipes that involve the evaluation of a few solvents such as isopropyl alcohol, N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), or acetone to binders such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and charging agents such as magnesium chloride, we display a working means for achieving supercapacitors that can achieve 100 F/g in a consistent manner. We then adapt this EPD method to deposit reduced graphene oxide on SGL 10AA carbon paper to achieve cathodic materials for testing in a hydrogen/vanadium flow battery. In addition, a self-supported hierarchical carbon nano-fibre is prepared by means of electrospray deposition of an iron phthalocyanine solution onto a temporary substrate followed by carbonisation to remove heteroatoms. This process also induces a degree of nitrogen doping on the carbon nano-fibres (CNFs), which allows its catalytic performance to improve significantly as detailed in other publications. The CNFs are then used as catalysts by attaching them to graphite felt electrodes facing the membrane inside an all-vanadium flow battery (Scribner cell using serpentine flow distribution channels) and efficiencies as high as 60% is noted at high current densities of 150 mA/cm². About 20 charge and discharge cycling show that the CNF catalysts consistently perform better than pristine graphite felt electrodes. Following this, we also test the CNF as an electro-catalyst in the hydrogen/vanadium flow battery (cathodic side as mentioned briefly in the first paragraph) facing the membrane, based upon past studies from our group. Once again, we note consistently good efficiencies of 85% and above for CNF modified graphite felt electrodes in comparison to 60% for pristine felts at low current density of 50 mA/cm² (this reports 20 charge and discharge cycles of the battery). From this preliminary investigation, we conclude that the CNFs may be used as catalysts for other systems such as vanadium/manganese, manganese/manganese and manganese/hydrogen flow batteries in the future. We are generating data for such systems at present, and further publications are expected. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrospinning" title="electrospinning">electrospinning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20nano-fibres" title=" carbon nano-fibres"> carbon nano-fibres</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=all-vanadium%20redox%20flow%20battery" title=" all-vanadium redox flow battery"> all-vanadium redox flow battery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen-vanadium%20fuel%20cell" title=" hydrogen-vanadium fuel cell"> hydrogen-vanadium fuel cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrocatalysis" title=" electrocatalysis"> electrocatalysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124714/evaluation-of-electrophoretic-and-electrospray-deposition-methods-for-preparing-graphene-and-activated-carbon-modified-nano-fibre-electrodes-for-hydrogenvanadium-flow-batteries-and-supercapacitors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124714.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">291</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">907</span> Numerical Simulation on Bacteria-Carrying Particles Transport and Deposition in an Open Surgical Wound </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiuguo%20Zhao">Xiuguo Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=He%20Li"> He Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alireza%20Yazdani"> Alireza Yazdani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoning%20Zheng"> Xiaoning Zheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xinxi%20Xu"> Xinxi Xu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wound infected poses a serious threat to the surgery on the patient during the process of surgery. Understanding the bacteria-carrying particles (BCPs) transportation and deposition in the open surgical wound model play essential role in protecting wound against being infected. Therefore BCPs transportation and deposition in the surgical wound model were investigated using force-coupling method (FCM) based computational fluid dynamics. The BCPs deposition in the wound was strongly associated with BCPs diameter and concentration. The results showed that the rise on the BCPs deposition was increasing not only with the increase of BCPs diameters but also with the increase of the BCPs concentration. BCPs deposition morphology was impacted by the combination of size distribution, airflow patterns and model geometry. The deposition morphology exhibited the characteristic with BCPs deposition on the sidewall in wound model and no BCPs deposition on the bottom of the wound model mainly because the airflow movement in one direction from up to down and then side created by laminar system constructing airflow patterns and then made BCPs hard deposit in the bottom of the wound model due to wound geometry limit. It was also observed that inertial impact becomes a main mechanism of the BCPs deposition. This work may contribute to next study in BCPs deposition limit, as well as wound infected estimation in surgical-site infections. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BCPs%20deposition" title="BCPs deposition">BCPs deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title=" computational fluid dynamics"> computational fluid dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=force-coupling%20method%20%28FCM%29" title=" force-coupling method (FCM)"> force-coupling method (FCM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20surgical%20wound%20model" title=" open surgical wound model"> open surgical wound model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62552/numerical-simulation-on-bacteria-carrying-particles-transport-and-deposition-in-an-open-surgical-wound" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62552.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">906</span> Generation of Charged Nanoparticles in the Gas Phase and their Contribution to Deposition of GaN Films and Nanostructures during Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin-Woo%20Park">Jin-Woo Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung-Soo%20Lee"> Sung-Soo Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nong-Moon%20Hwang"> Nong-Moon Hwang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The generation of charged nanoparticles in the gas phase during the Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) process has been frequently reported with their subsequent deposition into films and nanostructures in many systems such as carbon, silicon and zinc oxide. The microstructure evolution of films and nanostructures is closely related with the size distribution of charged nanoparticles. To confirm the generation of charged nanoparticles during GaN, the generation of GaN charged nanoparticles was examined in an atmospheric pressure CVD process using a Differential Mobility Analyser (DMA) combined with a Faraday Cup Electrometer (FCE). It was confirmed that GaN charged nanoparticles were generated under the condition where GaN nanostructures were synthesized on the bare and Au-coated Si substrates. In addition, the deposition behaviour depends strongly on the charge transfer rate of metal substrates. On the metal substrates of a lower CTR such as Mo, the deposition rate of GaN was much lower than on those of a higher CTR such as Fe. GaN nanowires tend to grow on the substrates of a lower CTR whereas GaN thin films tend to be deposited on the substrates of a higher CTR. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20vapour%20deposition" title="chemical vapour deposition">chemical vapour deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charged%20cluster%20model" title=" charged cluster model"> charged cluster model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generation%20of%20charged%20nanoparticles" title=" generation of charged nanoparticles"> generation of charged nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deposition%20behaviour" title=" deposition behaviour"> deposition behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanostructures" title=" nanostructures"> nanostructures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gan" title=" gan"> gan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charged%20transfer%20rate" title=" charged transfer rate"> charged transfer rate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2530/generation-of-charged-nanoparticles-in-the-gas-phase-and-their-contribution-to-deposition-of-gan-films-and-nanostructures-during-atmospheric-pressure-chemical-vapor-deposition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2530.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">440</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">905</span> Droplet Entrainment and Deposition in Horizontal Stratified Two-Phase Flow</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joshua%20Kim%20Schimpf">Joshua Kim Schimpf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyun%20Doo%20Kim"> Kyun Doo Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaseok%20Heo"> Jaseok Heo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the droplet behavior of under horizontal stratified flow regime for air and water flow in horizontal pipe experiments from a 0.24 m, 0.095 m, and 0.0486 m size diameter pipe are examined. The effects of gravity, pipe diameter, and turbulent diffusion on droplet deposition are considered. Models for droplet entrainment and deposition are proposed that considers developing length. Validation for experimental data dedicated from the REGARD, CEA and Williams, University of Illinois, experiment were performed using SPACE (Safety and Performance Analysis Code for Nuclear Power Plants). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=droplet" title="droplet">droplet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrainment" title=" entrainment"> entrainment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deposition" title=" deposition"> deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=horizontal" title=" horizontal"> horizontal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66543/droplet-entrainment-and-deposition-in-horizontal-stratified-two-phase-flow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66543.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">904</span> Nano Effects of Nitrogen Ion Implantation on TiN Hard Coatings Deposited by Physical Vapour Deposition and Ion Beam Assisted Deposition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Branko%20Skoric">Branko Skoric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aleksandar%20Miletic"> Aleksandar Miletic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pal%20Terek"> Pal Terek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lazar%20Kovacevic"> Lazar Kovacevic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Milan%20Kukuruzovic"> Milan Kukuruzovic </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we present the results of a study of TiN thin films which are deposited by a Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) and Ion Beam Assisted Deposition (IBAD). In the present investigation the subsequent ion implantation was provided with N<sup>5+</sup> ions. The ion implantation was applied to enhance the mechanical properties of surface. The thin film deposition process exerts a number of effects such as crystallographic orientation, morphology, topography, densification of the films. A variety of analytic techniques were used for characterization, such as scratch test, calo test, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coating" title="coating">coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=super%20hard" title=" super hard"> super hard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ion%20implantation" title=" ion implantation"> ion implantation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanohardness" title=" nanohardness"> nanohardness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42278/nano-effects-of-nitrogen-ion-implantation-on-tin-hard-coatings-deposited-by-physical-vapour-deposition-and-ion-beam-assisted-deposition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42278.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">346</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">903</span> Fabrication of Wearable Antennas through Thermal Deposition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeff%20Letcher">Jeff Letcher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dennis%20Tierney"> Dennis Tierney</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haider%20Raad"> Haider Raad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Antennas are devices for transmitting and/or receiving signals which make them a necessary component of any wireless system. In this paper, a thermal deposition technique is utilized as a method to fabricate antenna structures on substrates. Thin-film deposition is achieved by evaporating a source material (metals in our case) in a vacuum which allows vapor particles to travel directly to the target substrate which is encased with a mask that outlines the desired structure. The material then condenses back to solid state. This method is used in comparison to screen printing, chemical etching, and ink jet printing to indicate advantages and disadvantages to the method. The antenna created undergoes various testing of frequency ranges, conductivity, and a series of flexing to indicate the effectiveness of the thermal deposition technique. A single band antenna that is operated at 2.45 GHz intended for wearable and flexible applications was successfully fabricated through this method and tested. It is concluded that thermal deposition presents a feasible technique of producing such antennas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20deposition" title="thermal deposition">thermal deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wearable%20antennas" title=" wearable antennas"> wearable antennas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bluetooth%20technology" title=" bluetooth technology"> bluetooth technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible%20electronics" title=" flexible electronics"> flexible electronics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56810/fabrication-of-wearable-antennas-through-thermal-deposition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56810.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">282</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">902</span> Surface Functionalization of Chemical Vapor Deposition Grown Graphene Film</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prashanta%20Dhoj%20Adhikari">Prashanta Dhoj Adhikari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We report the introduction of the active surface functionalization group on chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown graphene film by wet deposition method. The activity of surface functionalized group was tested with surface modified carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and found that both materials were amalgamated by chemical bonding. The introduction of functional group on the graphene film surface and its vigorous role to bind CNTs with the present technique could provide an efficient, novel route to device fabrication. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20vapor%20deposition" title="chemical vapor deposition">chemical vapor deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene%20film" title=" graphene film"> graphene film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20functionalization" title=" surface functionalization"> surface functionalization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23138/surface-functionalization-of-chemical-vapor-deposition-grown-graphene-film" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23138.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">461</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">901</span> Elaboration and Characterization of CdxZn1-XS Thin Films Deposed by Chemical Bath Deposition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zellagui%20Rahima">Zellagui Rahima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chaumont%20Denis"> Chaumont Denis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boughelout%20Abderrahman"> Boughelout Abderrahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adnane%20Mohamed"> Adnane Mohamed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thin films of CdxZn1-xS were deposed by chemical bath deposition on glass substrates for photovoltaic applications. The thin films CdZnS were synthesized by chemical bath (CBD) with different deposition protocols for optimized the parameter of deposition as the temperature, time of deposition, concentrations of ion and pH. Surface morphology, optical and chemical composition properties of thin film CdZnS were investigated by SEM, EDAX, spectrophotometer. The transmittance is 80% in visible region 300 nm – 1000 nm; it has been observed in that films the grain size is between 50nm and 100nm measured by SEM image and we also note that the shape of particle is changing with the change in concentration. This result favors of application these films in solar cells; the chemical analysis with EDAX gives information about the presence of Cd, Zn and S elements and investigates the stoichiometry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin%20film" title="thin film">thin film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20cells" title=" solar cells"> solar cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmition" title=" transmition"> transmition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cdzns" title=" cdzns"> cdzns</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60104/elaboration-and-characterization-of-cdxzn1-xs-thin-films-deposed-by-chemical-bath-deposition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60104.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">262</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">900</span> Evaluation of the Impact of Green Infrastructure on Dispersion and Deposition of Particulate Matter in Near-Roadway Areas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deeksha%20Chauhan">Deeksha Chauhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamal%20Jain"> Kamal Jain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pollutant concentration is high in near-road environments, and vegetation is an effective measure to mitigate urban air quality problems. This paper presents the influence of roadside green infrastructure in dispersion and Deposition of Particulate matter (PM) by the ENVI-met Simulations. Six green infrastructure configurations were specified (i) hedges only, (ii) trees only, (iii) a mix of trees and shrubs (iv) green barrier (v) green wall, and (vi) no tree buffer were placed on both sides of the road. The changes in concentrations at all six scenarios were estimated to identify the best barrier to reduce the dispersion and deposition of PM10 and PM2.5 in an urban environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barrier" title="barrier">barrier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concentration" title=" concentration"> concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dispersion" title=" dispersion"> dispersion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deposition" title=" deposition"> deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Particulate%20matter" title=" Particulate matter"> Particulate matter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollutant" title=" pollutant"> pollutant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127902/evaluation-of-the-impact-of-green-infrastructure-on-dispersion-and-deposition-of-particulate-matter-in-near-roadway-areas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127902.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">899</span> Adsorption-desorption Behavior of Weak Polyelectrolytes Deposition on Aminolyzed-PLA Non-woven</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sima%20Shakoorjavan">Sima Shakoorjavan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dawid%20Stawski"> Dawid Stawski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Somaye%20Akbari"> Somaye Akbari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the adsorption-desorption behavior of poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) as a polycation and poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) as a polyanion deposited on aminolyzed-PLA nonwoven through layer-by-layer technique (lbl) was studied. The adsorption-desorption behavior was monitored by UV adsorbance spectroscopy and turbidity tests of the waste polyelectrolytes after each deposition. Also, the drying between each deposition step was performed to study the effect of drying on adsorption-desorption behavior. According to UV adsorbance spectroscopy of the waste polyelectrolyte after each deposition, it was revealed that drying has a great effect on the deposition behavior of the next layer. Regarding the deposition of the second layer, drying caused more desorption and removal of the previously deposited layer since the turbidity and the absorbance of the waste increased in comparison to pure polyelectrolyte. To deposit the third layer, the same scenario occurred and drying caused more removal of the previously deposited layer. However, the deposition of the fourth layer drying after the deposition of the third layer did not affect the adsorption-desorption behavior. Since the adsorbance and turbidity of the samples that were dried and those that were not dried were the same. As a result, it seemed that deposition of the fourth layer could be the starting point where lbl reached its constant state. The decrease in adsorbance and remaining turbidity of the waste same as a pure polyelectrolyte can indicate that most portion of the polyelectrolyte was adsorbed onto the substrate rather than complex formation in the bath as the subsequence of the previous layer removal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adsorption-desorption%20behavior" title="Adsorption-desorption behavior">Adsorption-desorption behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lbl%20technique" title=" lbl technique"> lbl technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poly%28amidoamine%29" title=" poly(amidoamine)"> poly(amidoamine)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poly%20%28acrylic%20acid%29" title=" poly (acrylic acid)"> poly (acrylic acid)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weak%20polyelectrolytes" title=" weak polyelectrolytes"> weak polyelectrolytes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176722/adsorption-desorption-behavior-of-weak-polyelectrolytes-deposition-on-aminolyzed-pla-non-woven" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176722.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">53</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">898</span> Electrospray Plume Characterisation of a Single Source Cone-Jet for Micro-Electronic Cooling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20J.%20Gibbons">M. J. Gibbons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20J.%20Robinson"> A. J. Robinson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Increasing expectations on small form factor electronics to be more compact while increasing performance has driven conventional cooling technologies to a thermal management threshold. An emerging solution to this problem is electrospray (ES) cooling. ES cooling enables two phase cooling by utilising Coulomb forces for energy efficient fluid atomization. Generated charged droplets are accelerated to the grounded target surface by the applied electric field and surrounding gravitational force. While in transit the like charged droplets enable plume dispersion and inhibit droplet coalescence. If the electric field is increased in the cone-jet regime, a subsequent increase in the plume spray angle has been shown. Droplet segregation in the spray plume has been observed, with primary droplets in the plume core and satellite droplets positioned on the periphery of the plume. This segregation is facilitated by inertial and electrostatic effects. This result has been corroborated by numerous authors. These satellite droplets are usually more densely charged and move at a lower relative velocity to that of the spray core due to the radial decay of the electric field. Previous experimental research by Gomez and Tang has shown that the number of droplets deposited on the periphery can be up to twice that of the spray core. This result has been substantiated by a numerical models derived by Wilhelm et al., Oh et al. and Yang et al. Yang et al. showed from their numerical model, that by varying the extractor potential the dispersion radius of the plume also varies proportionally. This research aims to investigate this dispersion density and the role it plays in the local heat transfer coefficient profile (h) of ES cooling. This will be carried out for different extractor – target separation heights (H2), working fluid flow rates (Q), and extractor applied potential (V2). The plume dispersion will be recorded by spraying a 25 µm thick, joule heated steel foil and by recording the thermal footprint of the ES plume using a Flir A-40 thermal imaging camera. The recorded results will then be analysed by in-house developed MATLAB code. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20cooling" title="electronic cooling">electronic cooling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrospray" title=" electrospray"> electrospray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrospray%20plume%20dispersion" title=" electrospray plume dispersion"> electrospray plume dispersion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spray%20cooling" title=" spray cooling"> spray cooling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36285/electrospray-plume-characterisation-of-a-single-source-cone-jet-for-micro-electronic-cooling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36285.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">398</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">897</span> Experimental Study of Particle Deposition on Leading Edge of Turbine Blade</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Xiao-Jun">Yang Xiao-Jun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu%20Tian-Hao"> Yu Tian-Hao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hu%20Ying-Qi"> Hu Ying-Qi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Breathing in foreign objects during the operation of the aircraft engine, impurities in the aircraft fuel and products of incomplete combustion can produce deposits on the surface of the turbine blades. These deposits reduce not only the turbine's operating efficiency but also the life of the turbine blades. Based on the small open wind tunnel, the simulation of deposits on the leading edge of the turbine has been carried out in this work. The effect of film cooling on particulate deposition was investigated. Based on the analysis, the adhesive mechanism for the molten pollutants’ reaching to the turbine surface was simulated by matching the Stokes number, TSP (a dimensionless number characterizing particle phase transition) and Biot number of the test facility and that of the real engine. The thickness distribution and growth trend of the deposits have been observed by high power microscope and infrared camera under different temperature of the main flow, the solidification temperature of the particulate objects, and the blowing ratio. The experimental results from the leading edge particulate deposition demonstrate that the thickness of the deposition increases with time until a quasi-stable thickness is reached, showing a striking effect of the blowing ratio on the deposition. Under different blowing ratios, there exists a large difference in the thickness distribution of the deposition, and the deposition is minimal at the specific blow ratio. In addition, the temperature of main flow and the solidification temperature of the particulate have a great influence on the deposition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deposition" title="deposition">deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experiment" title=" experiment"> experiment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=film%20cooling" title=" film cooling"> film cooling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leading%20edge" title=" leading edge"> leading edge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paraffin%20particles" title=" paraffin particles"> paraffin particles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100690/experimental-study-of-particle-deposition-on-leading-edge-of-turbine-blade" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100690.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">896</span> Quantification of Size Segregated Particulate Matter Deposition in Human Respiratory Tract and Health Risk to Residents of Glass City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalpana%20Rajouriya">Kalpana Rajouriya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajay%20Taneja"> Ajay Taneja</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of the present study is to investigate the regional and lobar deposition of size-segregated PM in respiratory tract of human body. PM in different fractions is monitored using the Grimm portable environmental dust monitor during winter season in Firozabad; a Glass city of India. PM10 concentration (200.817g/m³) was 4.46 and 2.0 times higher than the limits prescribed by WHO (45g/m⁻³) and NAAQS (100g/m⁻³) government agencies. PM2.5 concentration (83.538 g/m3) was 5.56 and 1.39 times higher from WHO (15g/m-3) and NAAQS (60g/m⁻³) limits. Results inferred that PM10 and PM2.5 was highest deposited in head region (0.3477-0.5622 & 0.366-0.4704) followed by pulmonary region, especially in the 9-21year old persons. The variation in deposition percentage in our study is mainly due to the airway geometry, PM size, and its deposition mechanisms. The coarse fraction, due to its large size, cannot follow the airway path and mostly gets deposited by inertial impaction in the head region and its bifurcations. The present study results inferred that Coarse and fine PM deposition was highly visualized in 9 (8.45610⁻⁴ g, 2.91110⁻⁴g) year and 3 (1.49610⁻⁴ g, 8.59310⁻⁵g) month age category. So, the 9year children and 3month infants category have high level of health risk. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particulate%20matter" title="particulate matter">particulate matter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MPPD%20model" title=" MPPD model"> MPPD model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regional%20deposition" title=" regional deposition"> regional deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lobar%20deposition" title=" lobar deposition"> lobar deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20risk" title=" health risk"> health risk</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171925/quantification-of-size-segregated-particulate-matter-deposition-in-human-respiratory-tract-and-health-risk-to-residents-of-glass-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171925.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">61</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">895</span> Predicting of Hydrate Deposition in Loading and Offloading Flowlines of Marine CNG Systems </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esam%20I.%20Jassim">Esam I. Jassim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main aim of this paper is to demonstrate the prediction of the model capability of predicting the nucleation process, the growth rate, and the deposition potential of second phase particles in gas flowlines. The primary objective of the research is to predict the risk hazards involved in the marine transportation of compressed natural gas. However, the proposed model can be equally used for other applications including production and transportation of natural gas in any high-pressure flow-line. The proposed model employs the following three main components to approach the problem: computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique is used to configure the flow field; the nucleation model is developed and incorporated in the simulation to predict the incipient hydrate particles size and growth rate; and the deposition of the gas/particle flow is proposed using the concept of the particle deposition velocity. These components are integrated in a comprehended model to locate the hydrate deposition in natural gas flowlines. The present research is prepared to foresee the deposition location of solid particles that could occur in a real application in Compressed Natural Gas loading and offloading. A pipeline with 120 m length and different sizes carried a natural gas is taken in the study. The location of particle deposition formed as a result of restriction is determined based on the procedure mentioned earlier and the effect of water content and downstream pressure is studied. The critical flow speed that prevents such particle to accumulate in the certain pipe length is also addressed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrate%20deposition" title="hydrate deposition">hydrate deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressed%20natural%20gas" title=" compressed natural gas"> compressed natural gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marine%20transportation" title=" marine transportation"> marine transportation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oceanography" title=" oceanography"> oceanography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15365/predicting-of-hydrate-deposition-in-loading-and-offloading-flowlines-of-marine-cng-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15365.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">490</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">894</span> Potentiostatic Electrodeposition of Cu₂O Films as P-Type Electrode at Room Temperature</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20M.%20Moharam">M. M. Moharam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20M.%20Elsayed"> E. M. Elsayed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20M.%20Rashad"> M. M. Rashad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Single phase Cu₂O films have been prepared via an electrodeposition technique onto ITO glass substrates at room temperature. Likewise, Cu₂O films were deposited using a potentiostatic process from an alkaline electrolyte containing copper (II) nitrate and 1M sodium citrate. Single phase Cu₂O films were electrodeposited at a cathodic deposition potential of 500mV for a reaction period of 90 min, and pH of 12 to yield a film thickness of 0.49 µm. The mechanism for nucleation of Cu₂O films was found to vary with deposition potential. Applying the Scharifker and Hills model at -500 and -600 mV to describe the mechanism of nucleation for the electrochemical reaction, the nucleation mechanism consisted of a mix between instantaneous and progressive growth mechanisms at -500 mV, while above -600 mV the growth mechanism was instantaneous. Using deposition times from 30 to 90 min at -500 mV deposition potential, pure Cu2O films with different microstructures were electrodeposited. Changing the deposition time from 30 to 90 min varied the microstructure from cubic to more complex polyhedra. The transmittance of electrodeposited Cu₂O films ranged from 20-70% in visible range, and samples exhibited a 2.4 eV band gap. The electrical resistivity for electrodeposited Cu₂O films was found to decrease with increasing deposition time from 0.854 x 105 Ω-cm at 30 min to 0.221 x 105 Ω-cm at 90 min without any thermal treatment following the electrodeposition process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cu%E2%82%82O" title="Cu₂O">Cu₂O</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrodeposition" title=" electrodeposition"> electrodeposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=film%20thickness" title=" film thickness"> film thickness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=characterization" title=" characterization"> characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20properties" title=" optical properties"> optical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57827/potentiostatic-electrodeposition-of-cu2o-films-as-p-type-electrode-at-room-temperature" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57827.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">214</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">893</span> Effect of the Deposition Time of Hydrogenated Nanocrystalline Si Grown on Porous Alumina Film on Glass Substrate by Plasma Processing Chemical Vapor Deposition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Laatar">F. Laatar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Ktifa"> S. Ktifa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Ezzaouia"> H. Ezzaouia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) method is used to deposit hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon films (nc-Si: H) on Porous Anodic Alumina Films (PAF) on glass substrate at different deposition duration. Influence of the deposition time on the physical properties of nc-Si: H grown on PAF was investigated through an extensive correlation between micro-structural and optical properties of these films. In this paper, we present an extensive study of the morphological, structural and optical properties of these films by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques and a UV-Vis-NIR spectrometer. It was found that the changes in DT can modify the films thickness, the surface roughness and eventually improve the optical properties of the composite. Optical properties (optical thicknesses, refractive indexes (n), absorption coefficients (α), extinction coefficients (k), and the values of the optical transitions EG) of this kind of samples were obtained using the data of the transmittance T and reflectance R spectra’s recorded by the UV–Vis–NIR spectrometer. We used Cauchy and Wemple–DiDomenico models for the analysis of the dispersion of the refractive index and the determination of the optical properties of these films. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydragenated%20nanocrystalline%20silicon" title="hydragenated nanocrystalline silicon">hydragenated nanocrystalline silicon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma%20processing%20chemical%20vapor%20deposition" title=" plasma processing chemical vapor deposition"> plasma processing chemical vapor deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X-ray%20diffraction" title=" X-ray diffraction"> X-ray diffraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20properties" title=" optical properties"> optical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6992/effect-of-the-deposition-time-of-hydrogenated-nanocrystalline-si-grown-on-porous-alumina-film-on-glass-substrate-by-plasma-processing-chemical-vapor-deposition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6992.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">379</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">892</span> Studies on Physico-Chemical Properties of Indium Sulfide Films Deposited under Different Deposition Conditions by Chemical Bath Deposition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20B.%20Bansode">S. B. Bansode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20G.%20Wagh"> V. G. Wagh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20S.%20Kapadnis"> R. S. Kapadnis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20S.%20Kale"> S. S. Kale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Pathan%20Habib"> M. Pathan Habib</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Indium sulfide films have been deposited using chemical bath deposition onto glass and indium tin oxide coated glass substrates. The influences of different deposition parameters viz. substrate and pH have been studied. The films were characterized by different techniques with respect to their crystal structure, surface morphology and compositional property by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Energy dispersive spectroscopy and optical absorption. X-ray diffraction studies revealed that amorphous nature of the films. The scanning electron microscopy of as deposited indium sulfide film on ITO coated glass substrate shows random orientation of grains where as those on glass substrates show dumbbell shape. Optical absorption study revealed that band gap varies from 2.29 to 2.79 eV for the deposited film. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20bath%20deposition" title="chemical bath deposition">chemical bath deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20properties" title=" optical properties"> optical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20property" title=" structural property"> structural property</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indium%20sulfide" title=" Indium sulfide"> Indium sulfide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22295/studies-on-physico-chemical-properties-of-indium-sulfide-films-deposited-under-different-deposition-conditions-by-chemical-bath-deposition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22295.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">478</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">891</span> Effects of Climate Change and Land Use, Land Cover Change on Atmospheric Mercury</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shiliang%20Wu">Shiliang Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huanxin%20Zhang"> Huanxin Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mercury has been well-known for its negative effects on wildlife, public health as well as the ecosystem. Once emitted into atmosphere, mercury can be transformed into different forms or enter the ecosystem through dry deposition or wet deposition. Some fraction of the mercury will be reemitted back into the atmosphere and be subject to the same cycle. In addition, the relatively long lifetime of elemental mercury in the atmosphere enables it to be transported long distances from source regions to receptor regions. Global change such as climate change and land use/land cover change impose significant challenges for mercury pollution control besides the efforts to regulate mercury anthropogenic emissions. In this study, we use a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to examine the potential impacts from changes in climate and land use/land cover on the global budget of mercury as well as its atmospheric transport, chemical transformation, and deposition. We carry out a suite of sensitivity model simulations to separate the impacts on atmospheric mercury associated with changes in climate and land use/land cover. Both climate change and land use/land cover change are found to have significant impacts on global mercury budget but through different pathways. Land use/land cover change primarily increase mercury dry deposition in northern mid-latitudes over continental regions and central Africa. Climate change enhances the mobilization of mercury from soil and ocean reservoir to the atmosphere. Also, dry deposition is enhanced over most continental areas while a change in future precipitation dominates the change in mercury wet deposition. We find that 2000-2050 climate change could increase the global atmospheric burden of mercury by 5% and mercury deposition by up to 40% in some regions. Changes in land use and land cover also increase mercury deposition over some continental regions, by up to 40%. The change in the lifetime of atmospheric mercury has important implications for long-range transport of mercury. Our case study shows that changes in climate and land use and cover could significantly affect the source-receptor relationships for mercury. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mercury" title="mercury">mercury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxic%20pollutant" title=" toxic pollutant"> toxic pollutant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atmospheric%20transport" title=" atmospheric transport"> atmospheric transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deposition" title=" deposition"> deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24245/effects-of-climate-change-and-land-use-land-cover-change-on-atmospheric-mercury" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24245.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">491</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">890</span> RBS Characteristic of Cd1−xZnxS Thin Film Fabricated by Vacuum Deposition Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Dahbi">N. Dahbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20E.%20Arafah"> D. E. Arafah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cd1−xZnxS thins films have been fabricated from ZnS/CdS/ZnS multilayer thin film systems, by using the vacuum deposition method; the Rutherford back-scattering (RBS) technique have been applied in order to determine the: structure, composition, depth profile, and stoichiometric of these films. The influence of the chemical and heat treatments on the produced films also have been investigated; the RBS spectra of the films showed that homogenous Cd1−xZnxS can be synthesized with x=0.45. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cd1%E2%88%92xZnxS" title="Cd1−xZnxS">Cd1−xZnxS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20treatment" title=" chemical treatment"> chemical treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depth%20profile" title=" depth profile"> depth profile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20treatment" title=" heat treatment"> heat treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RBS" title=" RBS"> RBS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RUMP%20simulation" title=" RUMP simulation"> RUMP simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin%20film" title=" thin film"> thin film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vacuum%20deposition" title=" vacuum deposition"> vacuum deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZnS%2FCdS%2FZnS" title=" ZnS/CdS/ZnS"> ZnS/CdS/ZnS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3329/rbs-characteristic-of-cd1xznxs-thin-film-fabricated-by-vacuum-deposition-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3329.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">222</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">889</span> Inorganic Microporous Membranes Fabricated by Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Liquid Deposition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Damian%20A.%20Mooney">Damian A. Mooney</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20T.%20P.%20Mc%20Cann"> Michael T. P. Mc Cann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20M.%20Don%20MacElroy"> J. M. Don MacElroy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olli%20Antson"> Olli Antson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Denis%20P.%20Dowling"> Denis P. Dowling</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Atmospheric pressure plasma liquid deposition (APPLD) is a novel technology used for the deposition of thin films via the injection of a reactive liquid precursor into a high-energy discharge plasma at ambient pressure. In this work, APPLD, utilising a TEOS precursor, was employed to produce asymmetric membranes consisting of a thin (100 nm) layer of deposited silica on a microporous silica support in order to assess their suitability for high temperature gas separation applications. He and N₂ gas permeability measurements were made for each of the fabricated membranes and a maximum ideal He/N₂ selectivity of 66 was observed at room temperature. He, N₂ and CO2 gas permeances were also measured at the elevated temperature of 673K and ideal He/N₂ and CO₂/N₂ selectivities of 300 and 7.4, respectively, were observed. The results suggest that this plasma-based deposition technique can be a viable method for the manufacture of membranes for the efficient separation of high temperature, post-combustion gases, including that of CO₂/N₂ where the constituent gases differ in size by fractions of an Ångstrom. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asymmetric%20membrane" title="asymmetric membrane">asymmetric membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO%E2%82%82%20separation" title=" CO₂ separation"> CO₂ separation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20temperature" title=" high temperature"> high temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma%20deposition" title=" plasma deposition"> plasma deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin%20films" title=" thin films"> thin films</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48713/inorganic-microporous-membranes-fabricated-by-atmospheric-pressure-plasma-liquid-deposition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48713.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">305</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">888</span> New Insights Into Fog Role In Atmospheric Deposition Using Satellite Images</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suruchi">Suruchi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to examine the spatial and temporal patterns of fog occurrences across Czech Republic. It utilizes satellite imagery and other data sources to achieve this goal. The main objective is to understand the role of fog in atmospheric deposition processes and its potential impact on the environment and ecosystems. Through satellite image analysis, the study will identify and categorize different types of fog, including radiation fog, orographic fog, and mountain fog. Fog detection algorithms and cloud type products will be evaluated to assess the frequency and distribution of fog events throughout the Czech Republic. Furthermore, the regions covered by fog will be classified based on their fog type and associated pollution levels. This will provide insights into the variability in fog characteristics and its implications for atmospheric deposition. Spatial analysis techniques will be used to pinpoint areas prone to frequent fog events and evaluate their pollution levels. Statistical methods will be employed to analyze patterns in fog occurrence over time and its connection with environmental factors. The ultimate goal of this research is to offer fresh perspectives on fog's role in atmospheric deposition processes, enhancing our understanding of its environmental significance and informing future research and environmental management initiatives. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollution" title="pollution">pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FOG" title=" FOG"> FOG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=satellie" title=" satellie"> satellie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atmospheric%20deposition" title=" atmospheric deposition"> atmospheric deposition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191540/new-insights-into-fog-role-in-atmospheric-deposition-using-satellite-images" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191540.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">23</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">887</span> Evaluation of the Efficacy of Titanium Alloy Dental Implants Coated by Bio-ceramic Apatite Wollastonite (Aw) and Hydroxyapatite (Ha) by Pulsed Laser Deposition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Betsy%20S.%20Thomas">Betsy S. Thomas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manjeet%20Marpara"> Manjeet Marpara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20M.%20Bhat"> K. M. Bhat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: After the initial enthusiasm and interest in hydroxyapatite products subsided due to dissolution of the coating and failure at the coating interface, this was a unique attempt to create a next generation of dental implant. Materials and Methods: The adhesion property of AW and HA coatings at various temperature by pulsed laser deposition was assessed on titanium plates. Moreover, AW/HA coated implants implanted in the femur of the rabbits was evaluated at various intervals. Results: Decohesion load was more for AW in scratch test and more bone formation around AW coated implants on histological evaluation. Discussion: AW coating by pulsed laser deposition was more adherent to the titanium surface and led to faster bone formation than HA. Conclusion: This experiment opined that AW coated by pulsed laser deposition seems to be a promising method in achieving bioactive coatings on titanium implants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20coating" title="surface coating">surface coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dental%20implants" title=" dental implants"> dental implants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osseo%20integration" title=" osseo integration"> osseo integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biotechnology" title=" biotechnology"> biotechnology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2446/evaluation-of-the-efficacy-of-titanium-alloy-dental-implants-coated-by-bio-ceramic-apatite-wollastonite-aw-and-hydroxyapatite-ha-by-pulsed-laser-deposition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2446.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">886</span> Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) Process Investigation for Co Thin Film as a TSV Alternative Seed Layer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajjad%20Esmaeili">Sajjad Esmaeili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20Krause"> Robert Krause</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lukas%20Gerlich"> Lukas Gerlich</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alireza%20Mohammadian%20Kia"> Alireza Mohammadian Kia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benjamin%20Uhlig"> Benjamin Uhlig</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This investigation aims to develop the feasible and qualitative process parameters for the thin films fabrication into ultra-large through-silicon-vias (TSVs) as vertical interconnections. The focus of the study is on TSV metallization and its challenges employing new materials for the purpose of rapid signal propagation in the microsystems technology. Cobalt metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (Co-MOCVD) process enables manufacturing an adhesive and excellent conformal ultra-thin film all the way through TSVs in comparison with the conventional non-conformal physical vapor deposition (PVD) process of copper (Cu) seed layer. Therefore, this process provides a Cu seed-free layer which is capable of direct Cu electrochemical deposition (Cu-ECD) on top of it. The main challenge of this metallization module is to achieve the proper alternative seed layer with less roughness, sheet resistance and granular organic contamination (e.g. carbon) which intensify the Co corrosion under the influence of Cu electrolyte. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cobalt%20MOCVD" title="Cobalt MOCVD">Cobalt MOCVD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=direct%20Cu%20electrochemical%20deposition%20%28ECD%29" title=" direct Cu electrochemical deposition (ECD)"> direct Cu electrochemical deposition (ECD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metallization%20technology" title=" metallization technology"> metallization technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=through-silicon-via%20%28TSV%29" title=" through-silicon-via (TSV)"> through-silicon-via (TSV)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96811/metal-organic-chemical-vapor-deposition-mocvd-process-investigation-for-co-thin-film-as-a-tsv-alternative-seed-layer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96811.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrospray%20deposition&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrospray%20deposition&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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