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id="toc-Hungarian_Helsinki_Committee" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hungarian_Helsinki_Committee"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Hungarian Helsinki Committee</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hungarian_Helsinki_Committee-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hungarian_Civil_Liberties_Union" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hungarian_Civil_Liberties_Union"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Hungarian Civil Liberties Union</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hungarian_Civil_Liberties_Union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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.sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Hungary" title="Politics of Hungary">Politics of Hungary</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Hungary.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Coat_of_arms_of_Hungary.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Coat_of_arms_of_Hungary.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Coat_of_arms_of_Hungary.svg/160px-Coat_of_arms_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="2130" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Hungary" title="Constitution of Hungary">Constitution</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Constitution_of_1949" title="Hungarian Constitution of 1949">1949 Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Hungary" title="Constitutional Court of Hungary">Constitutional Court</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Executive</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Hungary" title="President of Hungary">President</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Hungary" title="List of heads of state of Hungary">list</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Tam%C3%A1s_Sulyok" title="Tamás Sulyok">Tamás Sulyok</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Hungary" title="Government of Hungary">Government</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Orb%C3%A1n_Government" title="Fifth Orbán Government">Current cabinet</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Hungary" title="Prime Minister of Hungary">Prime Minister</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Hungary" title="List of prime ministers of Hungary">list</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n" title="Viktor Orbán">Viktor Orbán</a></dd></dl></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Parliament</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Hungary)" title="National Assembly (Hungary)">National Assembly</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_National_Assembly_(Hungary)" title="List of speakers of the National Assembly (Hungary)">Speaker</a>: <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_K%C3%B6v%C3%A9r" title="László Kövér">László Kövér</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Hungary" title="List of political parties in Hungary">Political parties</a> <dl><dd><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fidesz" title="Fidesz">Fidesz</a></span></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.0em;font-size:85%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_People%27s_Party_(Hungary)" title="Christian Democratic People's Party (Hungary)">Christian Democratic People's<br />Party (KDNP)</a></div></dd> <dd><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Jobbik" title="Jobbik">Jobbik</a></span></dd> <dd><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Politics_Can_Be_Different" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics Can Be Different">Politics Can Be Different (LMP)</a></span></dd> <dd><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Dialogue_for_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Dialogue for Hungary">Dialogue for Hungary (PM)</a></span></dd> <dd><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Socialist_Party" title="Hungarian Socialist Party">Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP)</a></span></dd> <dd><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Coalition_(Hungary)" title="Democratic Coalition (Hungary)">Democratic Coalition (DK)</a></span></dd> <dd><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Momentum_Movement" title="Momentum Movement">Momentum Movement</a> (M)</span></dd> <dd><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Everybody%27s_Hungary_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Everybody's Hungary Movement">Everybody's Hungary Movement</a> (MMM)</span></dd> <dd><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Our_Homeland_Movement" title="Our Homeland Movement">Our Homeland Movement</a> (MH)</span></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Recent <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Hungary" title="Elections in Hungary">elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Parliamentary: <a href="/wiki/2014_Hungarian_parliamentary_election" title="2014 Hungarian parliamentary election">2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Hungarian_parliamentary_election" title="2018 Hungarian parliamentary election">2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Hungarian_parliamentary_election" title="2022 Hungarian parliamentary election">2022</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Presidential: <a href="/wiki/2017_Hungarian_presidential_election" title="2017 Hungarian presidential election">2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Hungarian_presidential_election" title="2022 Hungarian presidential election">2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Hungarian_presidential_election" title="2024 Hungarian presidential election">2024</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Local: <a href="/wiki/2014_Hungarian_local_elections" title="2014 Hungarian local elections">2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Hungarian_local_elections" title="2019 Hungarian local elections">2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Hungarian_local_elections" title="2024 Hungarian local elections">2024</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>European: <a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Hungary" title="2014 European Parliament election in Hungary">2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Hungary" title="2019 European Parliament election in Hungary">2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Hungary" title="2024 European Parliament election in Hungary">2024</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Budapest" title="Mayor of Budapest">Mayor of Budapest</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Gergely_Kar%C3%A1csony" title="Gergely Karácsony">Gergely Karácsony</a></dd></dl></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Budapest#Mayors_of_Budapest_(1873–present)" title="Mayor of Budapest">Mayoral elections</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/1994_Budapest_mayoral_election" title="1994 Budapest mayoral election">1994</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1998_Budapest_mayoral_election" title="1998 Budapest mayoral election">1998</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2002_Budapest_mayoral_election" title="2002 Budapest mayoral election">2002</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2006_Budapest_mayoral_election" title="2006 Budapest mayoral election">2006</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2010_Budapest_mayoral_election" title="2010 Budapest mayoral election">2010</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2014_Budapest_mayoral_election" title="2014 Budapest mayoral election">2014</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2019_Budapest_mayoral_election" title="2019 Budapest mayoral election">2019</a></dd></dl></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Hungary" title="Administrative divisions of Hungary">Administrative divisions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Hungary" title="Districts of Hungary">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Hungary" title="Counties of Hungary">Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Hungary" title="List of regions of Hungary">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subregions_of_Hungary" title="Subregions of Hungary">Subregions</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Hungary" title="Foreign relations of Hungary">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austria%E2%80%93Hungary_relations" title="Austria–Hungary relations">Austria–Hungary relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Hungary_relations" title="China–Hungary relations">China–Hungary relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Hungary_relations" title="France–Hungary relations">France–Hungary relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Hungary_relations" title="Germany–Hungary relations">Germany–Hungary relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary%E2%80%93Italy_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungary–Italy relations">Hungary–Italy relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Hungary–Russia relations">Hungary–Russia relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Hungary–United Kingdom relations">Hungary–United Kingdom relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Hungary–United States relations">Hungary–United States relations</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Hungary%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Timeline of Hungary–European Union relations">Timeline of Hungary–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_European_Union" title="Politics of the European Union">Politics of the European Union</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/16px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/24px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/32px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hungary" title="Portal:Hungary">Hungary portal</a></span></li></ul> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Hungary" title="Template:Politics of Hungary"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Hungary" title="Template talk:Politics of Hungary"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Hungary" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Hungary"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Human rights in Hungary</b> are governed by the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Hungary" title="Constitution of Hungary">Constitution of Hungary</a>, laws passed by the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Hungary)" title="National Assembly (Hungary)">National Assembly</a>, and oversight of international organizations such as the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a>. Human rights groups such as <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> and <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> have raised concern for the status of <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> under the rule of <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n" title="Viktor Orbán">Viktor Orbán</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Fidesz" title="Fidesz">Fidesz</a> party since 2010. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_basis">Legal basis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Hungary&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Legal basis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Constitution of Hungary states that the primary obligation of the state is to protect the rights of man. It also lists many rights that are protected, provides for rights to be defined by law, and guarantees that these rights are not to be applied in a discriminatory manner.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Act CXXV of 2003 guarantees equal treatment to all people in Hungary. Hungary is party to several international organizations and treaties to protect human rights. It joined the Council of Europe in 1990 and is bound by the <a href="/wiki/European_Convention_on_Human_Rights" title="European Convention on Human Rights">European Convention on Human Rights</a>. </p><p>As part of a process of <a href="/wiki/Illiberal_democracy" title="Illiberal democracy">illiberalization</a>, the state's obligation to protect human rights has weakened under the Fidesz government. Judicial decisions are less like to consider human rights as a factor, and the Hungarian government is less likely to apply the human rights standards agreed upon by the international community.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDrinócziBień-Kacała2021124–125_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDrinócziBień-Kacała2021124–125-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_freedom">Political freedom</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Hungary&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political freedom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Hungarian government has been accused by <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> of circumventing the <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers" title="Separation of powers">separation of powers</a> and governing through an increasingly powerful <a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">executive</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Corruption in the Hungarian government is not addressed despite criticism from organizations such as the <a href="/wiki/Group_of_States_against_Corruption" title="Group of States against Corruption">Group of States against Corruption</a>. The Freedom of Information Act is limited in its power to require disclosure and many government activities are exempted. In response to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> in March 2020, the government granted emergency powers to the executive that granted it wide latitude in ruling by decree, and these powers were renewed several times afterward. These powers have been used to restrict civil liberties outside the scope of public health.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Democracy_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Democracy Index">Democracy Index</a> ranked Hungary as the 56th most democratic country in 2021, with a score of 6.50 out of 10.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Freedom House ranked Hungary as "Partly Free" in 2022 with a score of 69/100.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Corruption_Perceptions_Index" title="Corruption Perceptions Index">Corruption Perceptions Index</a>, Hungary ranked 73rd out of 180 countries in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elections">Elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Hungary&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Hungary" title="Elections in Hungary">Elections in Hungary</a></div> <p>Manipulation of electoral laws, electoral irregularities, and control of the media have been raised as concerns during elections alongside voter support for illiberal democracy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDrinócziBień-Kacała20212_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDrinócziBień-Kacała20212-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An <a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">OSCE</a> report in 2018 found that the government discourages public involvement in election oversight through "intimidating rhetoric" and that elections are often operated without the presence of opposition or nonpartisan observers. No evidence was found of election fraud that would affect the results of an election.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ruling party of Fidesz has been found to utilize state resources to impede the ability of electoral challengers to compete, and the government has been accused of imposing financial penalties on districts and cities where the opposition is in power.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government has been accused of running fraudulent opposition candidates to <a href="/wiki/Vote_splitting" class="mw-redirect" title="Vote splitting">split the vote</a> in Fidesz's favor. Authorities have also interfered with the ability of opposition figures to engage in peaceful political activities. State media is used by the Orbán government in campaigning and the State Audit Office is used to police opposition political activity while overlooking the activity of Fidesz.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Civil_liberties">Civil liberties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Hungary&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Civil liberties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Freedom_of_expression">Freedom of expression</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Hungary&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Freedom of expression"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Demonstration_20170521_193130_Bajcsy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Demonstration_20170521_193130_Bajcsy.jpg/220px-Demonstration_20170521_193130_Bajcsy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Demonstration_20170521_193130_Bajcsy.jpg/330px-Demonstration_20170521_193130_Bajcsy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Demonstration_20170521_193130_Bajcsy.jpg/440px-Demonstration_20170521_193130_Bajcsy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Protest against the government in 2017.</figcaption></figure> <p>The constitution guarantees the right to freedom of expression, though it also criminalizes <a href="/wiki/Hate_speech" title="Hate speech">hate speech</a>. Hate speech and genocide denial can be penalized with up to three years in prison.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016, the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">European Court of Human Rights</a> found that Hungary had violated the rights of judge <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A1s_Baka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="András Baka (page does not exist)">András Baka</a> following his dismissal for criticizing the government in <i><a href="/wiki/Baka_v._Hungary" title="Baka v. Hungary">Baka v. Hungary</a>.</i> </p><p>Protest is legal in Hungary and regularly exercised, though limitations were applied following a constitutional amendment and a legal act in 2018. In response to a demonstration in front of the home of the Prime Minister, the government of Hungary has restricted the ability to protest in a way determined to violate privacy rights, and Hungarian police have been given "broad discretionary powers" to enforce this law.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDrinócziBień-Kacała2021136_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDrinócziBień-Kacała2021136-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Hungarian Civil Liberties Union opposed the change, citing concerns of police overreach and silencing of protests against Hungarian court rulings.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Freedom_of_the_press">Freedom of the press</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Hungary&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Freedom of the press"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Media in Hungary is mostly controlled by the government, and independent journalism is limited.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Privacy violations have been targeted against investigative journalists, and the government has issued criminal charges for printing things that it determines to be false.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Media outlets that are critical of Fidesz are often purchased or shut down by the government.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2019, nearly 80% of the market of political news had its financing controlled by the ruling party, and rural areas typically do not have access to independent news. Journalists are often denied access to information and publicly criticized in state propaganda.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" title="Commissioner for Human Rights">Commissioner for Human Rights</a> issued a memorandum condemning Hungary's limited freedom of expression and media freedom, criticizing "sustained smear campaigns" against journalists and human rights advocates to stifle criticism of the government, the power of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian_Media_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hungarian Media Council (page does not exist)">Hungarian Media Council</a> over media funding, and the lack of accountability in pro-government media.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_special_rapporteur" title="United Nations special rapporteur">United Nations special rapporteur</a> for freedom of expression <a href="/wiki/Irene_Khan" title="Irene Khan">Irene Khan</a> found in a 2021 investigation that free media has been undermined in Hungary.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Right_to_due_process">Right to due process</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Hungary&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Right to due process"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The right to due process is generally protected in Hungary.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The criminal justice system of Hungary requires that suspects be informed of the charges against them. Suspects can be held for at most 72 hours, after which time a pretrial detention motion must be filed for continued detainment. Several circumstances entitle the defendant to legal counsel and suspects are entitled to be informed of their rights by police before questioning. Defendants are entitled to a fair trial, and this right has generally been enforced. The law provides for an independent judiciary, though human rights organizations have alleged that the independence of the judiciary has been compromised by the government under Fidesz.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> has found that the president's power over the judiciary has undermined its independence.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Physical abuse by police often goes unreported and is not often investigated. Conditions in prisons have been found to be inadequate, though an increase in facilities in 2020 has alleviated overcrowding.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Hungarian prison system still functions at a 107% occupancy rate, and Hungary has the highest prison population in 33 years.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Right_to_privacy">Right to privacy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Hungary&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Right to privacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The constitution guarantees a right to privacy. The government of Hungary has been found to conduct surveillance on journalists, politicians, and other prominent figures using the <a href="/wiki/Pegasus_(spyware)" title="Pegasus (spyware)">Pegasus</a> spyware program and other means. Government agencies do not require judicial authorization to engage in surveillance against suspected terrorist threats.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Right_to_education">Right to education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Hungary&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Right to education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Article XI of the Hungarian Constitution guarantees the right to an education, makes primary education compulsory, and provides for the government to provide assistance in seeking higher education. Article XXIX guarantees that students have the right to be educated in their native languages.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ability of higher education institutions to function independently has been eroded as education reform in Hungary has given the state increased control over universities. The Hungarian government has restricted the ability of universities to teach or study social sciences and eliminated the field of <a href="/wiki/Gender_studies" title="Gender studies">gender studies</a> entirely.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDrinócziBień-Kacała2021137–138_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDrinócziBień-Kacała2021137–138-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Academics are often targeted by state media as "<a href="/wiki/George_Soros" title="George Soros">Soros</a> agents".<sup id="cite_ref-:12_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2020, the European Court of Justice condemned violations of academic freedom by the Hungarian government.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A ban on educational material to children regarding LGBT topics has been found to be a violation of educational rights by Amnesty International.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Human_trafficking">Human trafficking</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Hungary&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Human trafficking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Hungary" title="Human trafficking in Hungary">Human trafficking in Hungary</a></div> <p>Hungary is a source of and trafficking point for human trafficking. In 2020, the government adopted a national strategy to combat human trafficking through 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2021, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">U.S. Department of State</a> classifies Hungary's initiatives to combat <a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking" title="Human trafficking">human trafficking</a> in the second of four tiers, indicating that its efforts are insufficient but improving. Hungary's initiatives have been found to be insufficient in regard providing assistance for victims of trafficking, including measures to prevent re-victimization. Human trafficking is governed by Article 192 of the criminal code, which penalizes human trafficking with up to ten years in prison or twenty years for the trafficking of children.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Romani population of Hungary in particular has been found to be disproportionately affected by human trafficking.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most vulnerable groups regarding human trafficking in Hungary include those in poverty, under-educated young adults, the Romani people, single mothers, asylum-seekers, unaccompanied children, and the homeless. Child trafficking is not investigated separately in Hungary, and child victims have less access to resources for trafficking victims. A criminal charge for child sex trafficking in Hungary requires an act of "force, fraud, or coercion", limiting the ability to prosecute child sex traffickers and resulting in children being prosecuted for prostitution. Migrants and refugees are also disproportionately affected by human trafficking in Hungary. Identification of trafficking victims does not extend to those without residency, and the Hungarian government conducts less screening for trafficking indicators among migrants. Strict measures against asylum-seekers has increased their vulnerability to human trafficking.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discrimination">Discrimination</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Hungary&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Discrimination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic_minority_rights">Ethnic minority rights</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Hungary&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Ethnic minority rights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Racism in Hungary">Racism in Hungary</a></div><p><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">Right-wing populism</a> has contributed to <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a> issues regarding <a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">xenophobia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hate_crime" title="Hate crime">hate crimes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Discrimination" title="Discrimination">discrimination</a> against minorities. In 2016, the citizens of Hungary were found to be more opposed to refugees during the <a href="/wiki/2015_European_migrant_crisis" title="2015 European migrant crisis">2015 European migrant crisis</a> than those of any other country.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDrinócziBień-Kacała2021126_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDrinócziBień-Kacała2021126-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romani people</a> face significant discrimination in Hungary, including in workplaces and schools.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government of Hungary is accused of illegally separating Romani children from their families and placing them in long-term state care.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Romani students are segregated in schools and sometimes relegated to schools for children with mental disabilities.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Freedom_of_religion">Freedom of religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Hungary&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Freedom of religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Hungary" title="Freedom of religion in Hungary">Freedom of religion in Hungary</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Synagogue-Budapest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Synagogue-Budapest.jpg/220px-Synagogue-Budapest.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Synagogue-Budapest.jpg/330px-Synagogue-Budapest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Synagogue-Budapest.jpg/440px-Synagogue-Budapest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="857" data-file-height="775" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Doh%C3%A1ny_Street_Synagogue" title="Dohány Street Synagogue">Dohány Street Synagogue</a> in Budapest, the largest synagogue in Europe.</figcaption></figure> <p>The constitution outlines the right to freedom of religion in Article VII, guaranteeing the right to choose one's religious beliefs and practice or teach them in public and private life. Article XV guarantees that religion can not be a basis for a limitation of one's rights.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Act C of 2011 and its 2018 amendment set requirements for a religious organization to be recognized by the government and receive benefits from the state.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hungary has historically been a country of <a href="/wiki/Religious_pluralism" title="Religious pluralism">religious pluralism</a>, and the first law guaranteeing the right to freedom of religion was passed in 1895, though <a href="/wiki/State_atheism" title="State atheism">state atheism</a> was enforced under the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_People%27s_Republic" title="Hungarian People's Republic">Hungarian People's Republic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hungarian religious law has been accused of discriminating against minority religious groups. Act C of 2011 revoked legal status from hundreds of religious organizations when passed, and it grants the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Hungary)" title="National Assembly (Hungary)">National Assembly</a> the final decision of whether a religious organization can be registered under the highest tier of recognition. The <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">European Court of Human Rights</a> found that the law violated the right to freedom of religion in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Orbán government has been criticized as <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitic</a><sup id="cite_ref-:9_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islamophobic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:10_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Government messaging spreads <a href="/wiki/George_Soros_conspiracy_theories" title="George Soros conspiracy theories">George Soros conspiracy theories</a> that contribute to antisemitism in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Hungarian government has also been accused of enforcing Christianity, with the Hungarian Constitution describing Christianity as a critical aspect of the Hungarian nation.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="LGBT_rights">LGBT rights</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Hungary&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: LGBT rights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Hungary">LGBT rights in Hungary</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Hungary" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Hungary">Recognition of same-sex unions in Hungary</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Budapest_Pride_2017,_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Budapest_Pride_2017%2C_5.jpg/220px-Budapest_Pride_2017%2C_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Budapest_Pride_2017%2C_5.jpg/330px-Budapest_Pride_2017%2C_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Budapest_Pride_2017%2C_5.jpg/440px-Budapest_Pride_2017%2C_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Budapest_Pride" title="Budapest Pride">Budapest Pride</a> 2017.</figcaption></figure> <p>Homosexual activity was decriminalized for men 21 and older in 1961, and the age was lowered to 18 in 1978. <a href="/wiki/Unregistered_cohabitation" title="Unregistered cohabitation">Unregistered cohabitation</a> has been recognized since 1996. The Constitutional Court ruled that homosexual activity could not be restricted by an age other than the age of consent in 2002.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The Orbán government has worked to restrict LGBT rights in Hungary. Article L of the 2011 Hungarian constitution defines marriage as one man and one woman, effectively outlawing <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriage</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2020, Hungary banned recognition of transgender people and banned adoption by same-sex couples.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2021, restrictions were applied to promotion and portrayal of LGBT diversity on penalty of fines.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Women's_rights"><span id="Women.27s_rights"></span>Women's rights</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Hungary&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Women's rights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Women_in_Hungary" title="Women in Hungary">Women in Hungary</a></div><p>The constitution guarantees gender equality. Domestic violence and sexual violence are crimes in Hungary.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government of Hungary has refused to ratify the <a href="/wiki/Istanbul_Convention" title="Istanbul Convention">Istanbul Convention</a> that establishes standards for combating violence against women. Gender discrimination is widespread in Hungary, and many government policies strengthen gender discrimination regarding domestic and workplace roles.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Minister for Family Affairs has discouraged women from seeking fulfillment through the same career paths as men.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDrinócziBień-Kacała2021142_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDrinócziBień-Kacała2021142-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Women are underrepresented in government, holding only 26 of 199 National Assembly seats in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_5-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Human_rights_organizations_in_Hungary">Human rights organizations in Hungary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Hungary&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Human rights organizations in Hungary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hungarian_Helsinki_Committee">Hungarian Helsinki Committee</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Hungary&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Hungarian Helsinki Committee"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Helsinki_Committee" title="Hungarian Helsinki Committee">Hungarian Helsinki Committee</a> is a human rights organisation that protects human dignity through legal and public activities. The HHC was founded in <a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a>, and it provides help to <a href="/wiki/Refugee" title="Refugee">refugees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Detainees" class="mw-redirect" title="Detainees">detainees</a> and victims of <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement" title="Law enforcement">law enforcement</a> violence.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hungarian_Civil_Liberties_Union">Hungarian Civil Liberties Union</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Hungary&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Hungarian Civil Liberties Union"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Hungarian Civil Liberties Union is a human rights NGO, founded in <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Hungary&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungary_in_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungary in the European Union">Hungary in the European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Europe" title="Human rights in Europe">Human rights in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Hungary" title="Politics of Hungary">Politics of Hungary</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Hungary&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:4-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Hungary_2016?lang=en">"Constitution of Hungary"</a>. 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Constitution+of+Hungary&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.constituteproject.org%2Fconstitution%2FHungary_2016%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Hungary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDrinócziBień-Kacała2021124–125-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDrinócziBień-Kacała2021124–125_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDrinócziBień-Kacała2021">Drinóczi & Bień-Kacała 2021</a>, pp. 124–125.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoth2022" class="citation web cs1">Roth, Kenneth (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2022/country-chapters/hungary">"World Report 2022: Hungary"</a>. <i>Human Rights Watch</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.atitle=World+Report+2022%3A+Hungary&rft.date=2022&rft.aulast=Roth&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fworld-report%2F2022%2Fcountry-chapters%2Fhungary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Hungary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:11-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:11_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eiu.com/n/campaigns/democracy-index-2021/">"Democracy Index 2021: the China challenge"</a>. <i>Economist Intelligence Unit</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Economist+Intelligence+Unit&rft.atitle=Democracy+Index+2021%3A+the+China+challenge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eiu.com%2Fn%2Fcampaigns%2Fdemocracy-index-2021%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Hungary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:12_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_5-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_5-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_5-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://freedomhouse.org/country/hungary/freedom-world/2022">"Hungary: Freedom in the World 2022 Country Report"</a>. <i>Freedom House</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Hungary+approves+constitutional+change+to+effectively+ban+adoption+by+same-sex+couples&rft.date=2020-12-15&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2F2020%2F12%2F15%2Fhungary-adoption-lgbt-constitution%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Hungary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDrinócziBień-Kacała2021142-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDrinócziBień-Kacała2021142_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDrinócziBień-Kacała2021">Drinóczi & Bień-Kacała 2021</a>, p. 142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://helsinki.hu/en/about/">"About us"</a>. <i>Hungarian Helsinki Committee</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Rights and Abuse of the Rule of Law</i>. <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781003175353">10.4324/9781003175353</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781000428766" title="Special:BookSources/9781000428766"><bdi>9781000428766</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Illiberal+Constitutionalism+in+Poland+and+Hungary%3A+The+Deterioration+of+Democracy%2C+Misuse+of+Human+Rights+and+Abuse+of+the+Rule+of+Law&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781003175353&rft.isbn=9781000428766&rft.aulast=Drin%C3%B3czi&rft.aufirst=T%C3%ADmea&rft.au=Bie%C5%84-Kaca%C5%82a%2C+Agnieszka&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Hungary" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Human_rights_in_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Europe_topic" title="Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Europe_topic" title="Template talk:Europe topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Europe_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Human_rights_in_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Europe" title="Human rights in Europe">Human rights in Europe </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Albania" title="Human rights in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Andorra" title="Human rights in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Armenia" title="Human rights in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Austria" title="Human rights in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Azerbaijan" title="Human rights in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Belarus" title="Human rights in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Belgium" title="Human rights in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Human rights in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Bulgaria" title="Human rights in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Croatia" title="Human rights in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Cyprus" title="Human rights in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Human rights in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Denmark" title="Human rights in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Estonia" title="Human rights in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Finland" title="Human rights in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_France" title="Human rights in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Germany" title="Human rights in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Greece" title="Human rights in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Iceland" title="Human rights in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Italy" title="Human rights in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Kazakhstan" title="Human rights in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Latvia" title="Human rights in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Liechtenstein" title="Human rights in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Lithuania" title="Human rights in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Luxembourg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human rights in Luxembourg (page does not exist)">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Malta" title="Human rights in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Moldova" title="Human rights in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Monaco" title="Human rights in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Montenegro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human rights in Montenegro (page does not exist)">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Netherlands" title="Human rights in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_North_Macedonia" title="Human rights in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Norway" title="Human rights in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Poland" title="Human rights in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Portugal" title="Human rights in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Romania" title="Human rights in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Russia" title="Human rights in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_San_Marino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human rights in San Marino (page does not exist)">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Serbia" title="Human rights in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Slovakia" title="Human rights in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Slovenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human rights in Slovenia (page does not exist)">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Spain" title="Human rights in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Sweden" title="Human rights in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Switzerland" title="Human rights in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Turkey" title="Human rights in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Ukraine" title="Human rights in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Human rights in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Abkhazia" title="Human rights in Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Kosovo" title="Human rights in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Human rights in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_South_Ossetia" title="Human rights in South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Transnistria" title="Human rights in Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_%C3%85land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human rights in Åland (page does not exist)">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_the_Faroe_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human rights in the Faroe Islands (page does not exist)">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Gibraltar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human rights in Gibraltar (page does not exist)">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Guernsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human rights in Guernsey (page does not exist)">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Human rights in the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Jersey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human rights in Jersey (page does not exist)">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Svalbard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human rights in Svalbard (page does not exist)">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hungary_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hungary_topics" title="Template:Hungary topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hungary_topics" title="Template talk:Hungary topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hungary_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hungary topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hungary_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Hungary-related_articles" title="Index of Hungary-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hungary" title="History of Hungary">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_prehistory" title="Hungarian prehistory">Hungarian prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannonia" title="Pannonia">Pannonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Hungary" title="Principality of Hungary">Principality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1000%E2%80%931301)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301)">High Medieval Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1301%E2%80%931526)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1301–1526)">Late Medieval Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Hungarian_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman–Hungarian wars">Ottoman–Hungarian wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1526%E2%80%931867)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1526–1867)">Habsburg Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Transylvania_(1570%E2%80%931711)" title="Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)">Principality of Transylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1k%C3%B3czi%27s_War_of_Independence" title="Rákóczi's War of Independence">Rákóczi's War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Revolution of 1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austro-Hungarian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary_in_World_War_I" title="Hungary in World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Hungarian_Republic" title="First Hungarian Republic">First Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Trianon" title="Treaty of Trianon">Treaty of Trianon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1920%E2%80%931946)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)">Interwar Kingdom of Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary_in_World_War_II" title="Hungary in World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Hungarian_Republic" title="Second Hungarian Republic">Second Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_People%27s_Republic" title="Hungarian People's Republic">People's Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1956">Revolution of 1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hungary#Third_Republic_(since_1989)" title="History of Hungary">Third Republic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity_in_Hungary" title="History of Christianity in Hungary">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Hungary#History_of_the_Hungarian_economy" title="Economy of Hungary">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Hungary" title="Military history of Hungary">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Hungary" title="List of wars involving Hungary">List of wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81rp%C3%A1d_dynasty" title="Árpád dynasty">Árpád dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Hungary" title="King of Hungary">King</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hungarian_monarchs" title="List of Hungarian monarchs">Monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Crown_of_Hungary" title="Holy Crown of Hungary">Holy Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent_of_Hungary" title="Regent of Hungary">Regent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_nobility" title="Hungarian nobility">Nobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Hungary" title="Flag of Hungary">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Hungary" title="Coat of arms of Hungary">Coat of arms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Hungary" title="Geography of Hungary">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Hungary" title="Administrative divisions of Hungary">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Hungary" title="Counties of Hungary">Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_of_Hungary" title="List of cities and towns of Hungary">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Hungary" title="Climate of Hungary">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Hungary#Extreme_points" title="Geography of Hungary">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Geology_of_Hungary" title="Category:Geology of Hungary">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrology_of_Hungary" title="Hydrology of Hungary">Hydrology</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Hungary" title="List of islands of Hungary">Islands</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Hungary" title="List of lakes of Hungary">Lakes</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Hungary" title="List of rivers of Hungary">Rivers</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountain_ranges_of_Hungary" title="Category:Mountain ranges of Hungary">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Hungary" title="List of national parks of Hungary">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Hungary" title="List of regions of Hungary">Regions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Hungary" title="Politics of Hungary">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Hungary" title="Government of Hungary">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Hungary" title="Constitution of Hungary">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Hungary" title="Elections in Hungary">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Hungary" title="Foreign relations of Hungary">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hungarian_intelligence_agencies" title="Category:Hungarian intelligence agencies">Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Law_of_Hungary" title="Category:Law of Hungary">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Hungary" title="Law enforcement in Hungary">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Defence_Forces" title="Hungarian Defence Forces">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_General_Staff_(Hungary)" title="Chief of General Staff (Hungary)">Chief of General Staff</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_nationality_law" title="Hungarian nationality law">Nationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Hungary)" title="National Assembly (Hungary)">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_National_Assembly_(Hungary)" title="List of speakers of the National Assembly (Hungary)">Speaker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Hungary" title="List of political parties in Hungary">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Hungary" title="President of Hungary">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Hungary" title="List of heads of state of Hungary"><span style="font-size:85%;">list</span></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Hungary" title="Prime Minister of Hungary">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Hungary" title="List of prime ministers of Hungary"><span style="font-size:85%;">list</span></a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Hungary" title="Economy of Hungary">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Hungary#Agriculture" title="Economy of Hungary">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Hungary" title="List of banks in Hungary">Banks</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_National_Bank" title="Hungarian National Bank">Hungarian National Bank</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Hungary" title="List of companies of Hungary">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Hungary" title="Energy in Hungary">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_forint" title="Hungarian forint">Forint </a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Hungary#Industry" title="Economy of Hungary">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Hungary" title="Science and technology in Hungary">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_Stock_Exchange" title="Budapest Stock Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Hungary" title="Taxation in Hungary">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Hungary" title="Telecommunications in Hungary">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Hungary" title="Tourism in Hungary">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Trade_unions_in_Hungary" title="Category:Trade unions in Hungary">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Hungary" title="Transport in Hungary">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unemployment_in_Hungary" title="Unemployment in Hungary">Unemployment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Hungary" title="Category:Society of Hungary">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hungarian_sentiment" title="Anti-Hungarian sentiment">Anti-Hungarian sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Hungary" title="Crime in Hungary">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Hungary" title="Demographics of Hungary">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Hungary" title="Education in Hungary">Education</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Hungary" title="List of universities and colleges in Hungary">Universities and colleges</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_policy_in_Hungary" title="Family policy in Hungary">Family policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Hungary" title="Health in Hungary">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Hungary" title="Healthcare in Hungary">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Hungary" title="Human trafficking in Hungary">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarians" title="Hungarians">Hungarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_diaspora" title="Hungarian diaspora">Hungarian diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_irredentism" title="Hungarian irredentism">Irredentism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_rankings_of_Hungary" title="International rankings of Hungary">International rankings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Hungary" title="Languages of Hungary">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Hungary">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Hungary" title="Prostitution in Hungary">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Hungary" title="Public holidays in Hungary">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Hungary" title="Religion in Hungary">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Hungary" title="Women in Hungary">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Hungary" title="Culture of Hungary">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Hungary" title="Architecture of Hungary">Architecture</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_castles_in_Hungary" title="List of castles in Hungary">Castles</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_palaces_in_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="List of palaces in Hungary">Palaces and mansions</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_art" title="Hungarian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Hungary" title="Cinema of Hungary">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_cuisine" title="Hungarian cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_wine" title="Hungarian wine">Wine</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Hungary" title="Beer in Hungary">Beer</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hungarian_dishes" title="List of Hungarian dishes">Dishes</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_sausages" title="Hungarian sausages">Sausages</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_Fashion_Week" title="Budapest Fashion Week">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Festivals_in_Hungary" title="Category:Festivals in Hungary">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hungarian_folklore" title="Category:Hungarian folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hungarian_inventions" title="Category:Hungarian inventions">Inventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_literature" title="Hungarian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Hungary">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Hungary" title="Music of Hungary">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_names" title="Hungarian names">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Hungary#Spa_culture" title="Culture of Hungary">Spa culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary_at_the_Olympics" title="Hungary at the Olympics">Sport</a></li> <li><a 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