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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legendary_founding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Legendary founding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legendary_founding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Historical origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Early history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Augustinians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Augustinians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>The Augustinians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Augustinians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Sistine_reconstruction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Sistine_reconstruction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>The Sistine reconstruction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Sistine_reconstruction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Julian_extension" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Julian_extension"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>The Julian extension</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Julian_extension-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Luther's_visit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Luther's_visit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Luther's visit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Luther's_visit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_parish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_parish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>The parish</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_parish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Caravaggio_and_the_Chigi_reconstruction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caravaggio_and_the_Chigi_reconstruction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>Caravaggio and the Chigi reconstruction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caravaggio_and_the_Chigi_reconstruction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_developments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_developments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.11</span> <span>Later developments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_developments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exterior" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exterior"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Exterior</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Exterior-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Exterior subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Exterior-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Façade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Façade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Façade</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Façade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inscriptions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inscriptions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Inscriptions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inscriptions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_dome" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_dome"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>The dome</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_dome-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bell_tower" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bell_tower"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Bell tower</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bell_tower-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Doors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Doors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Doors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Doors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Main_door_panels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_door_panels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Main door panels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Main_door_panels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Right_door_panels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Right_door_panels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Right door panels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Right_door_panels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interior" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interior"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Interior</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Interior-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Interior subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Interior-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Counterfaçade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Counterfaçade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Counterfaçade</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Counterfaçade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nave" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nave"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Nave</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nave-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pairs_of_saints_in_the_nave" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pairs_of_saints_in_the_nave"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Pairs of saints in the nave</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pairs_of_saints_in_the_nave-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transept" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transept"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Transept</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transept-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altar_of_the_Visitation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altar_of_the_Visitation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Altar of the Visitation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altar_of_the_Visitation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altar_of_the_Holy_Family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altar_of_the_Holy_Family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Altar of the Holy Family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altar_of_the_Holy_Family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organ_lofts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organ_lofts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Organ lofts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organ_lofts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dome" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dome"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Dome</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dome-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Apse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Furniture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Furniture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10</span> <span>Furniture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Furniture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Side_chapels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Side_chapels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.11</span> <span>Side chapels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Side_chapels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Della_Rovere_Chapel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Della_Rovere_Chapel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.11.1</span> <span>Della Rovere Chapel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Della_Rovere_Chapel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cybo_Chapel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cybo_Chapel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.11.2</span> <span>Cybo Chapel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cybo_Chapel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Basso_Della_Rovere_Chapel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Basso_Della_Rovere_Chapel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.11.3</span> <span>Basso Della Rovere Chapel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Basso_Della_Rovere_Chapel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Costa_Chapel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Costa_Chapel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.11.4</span> <span>Costa Chapel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Costa_Chapel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Montemirabile_Chapel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Montemirabile_Chapel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.11.5</span> <span>Montemirabile Chapel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Montemirabile_Chapel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chigi_Chapel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chigi_Chapel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.11.6</span> <span>Chigi Chapel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chigi_Chapel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mellini_Chapel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mellini_Chapel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.11.7</span> <span>Mellini Chapel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mellini_Chapel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cybo-Soderini_Chapel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cybo-Soderini_Chapel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.11.8</span> <span>Cybo-Soderini Chapel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cybo-Soderini_Chapel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theodoli_Chapel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theodoli_Chapel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.11.9</span> <span>Theodoli Chapel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theodoli_Chapel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cerasi_Chapel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cerasi_Chapel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.11.10</span> <span>Cerasi Chapel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cerasi_Chapel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Feoli_and_Cicada_Chapels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Feoli_and_Cicada_Chapels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.11.11</span> <span>Feoli and Cicada Chapels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Feoli_and_Cicada_Chapels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monuments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monuments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.12</span> <span>Monuments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monuments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Maria_Eleonora_Boncompagni_Ludovisi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maria_Eleonora_Boncompagni_Ludovisi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.12.1</span> <span>Maria Eleonora Boncompagni Ludovisi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maria_Eleonora_Boncompagni_Ludovisi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Giovanni_Battista_Gisleni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Giovanni_Battista_Gisleni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.12.2</span> <span>Giovanni Battista Gisleni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Giovanni_Battista_Gisleni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maria_Flaminia_Odescalchi_Chigi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maria_Flaminia_Odescalchi_Chigi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.12.3</span> <span>Maria Flaminia Odescalchi Chigi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maria_Flaminia_Odescalchi_Chigi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Giovanni_Gerolamo_Albani" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Giovanni_Gerolamo_Albani"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.12.4</span> <span>Giovanni Gerolamo Albani</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Giovanni_Gerolamo_Albani-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ludovico_Podocataro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ludovico_Podocataro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.12.5</span> <span>Ludovico Podocataro</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ludovico_Podocataro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bernardino_Lonati" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bernardino_Lonati"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.12.6</span> <span>Bernardino Lonati</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bernardino_Lonati-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cardinal_Priests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cardinal_Priests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Cardinal Priests</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cardinal_Priests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Santa Maria del Popolo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88" title="بازيليك سانتا ماريا ديل بوبولو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بازيليك سانتا ماريا ديل بوبولو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F-%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Санта-Марыя-дэль-Попала – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Санта-Марыя-дэль-Попала" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Санта Мария дел Пополо – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Санта Мария дел Пополо" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bas%C3%ADlica_de_Santa_Maria_del_Popolo" title="Basílica de Santa Maria del Popolo – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Basílica de Santa Maria del Popolo" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Maria_del_Popolo" title="Santa Maria del Popolo – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Santa Maria del Popolo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Maria_del_Popolo" title="Santa Maria del Popolo – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Santa Maria del Popolo" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1_%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BB_%CE%A0%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF" title="Σάντα Μαρία ντελ Πόπολο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σάντα Μαρία ντελ Πόπολο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bas%C3%ADlica_de_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_del_Popolo" title="Basílica de Santa María del Popolo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Basílica de Santa María del Popolo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Maria_del_Popolo" title="Santa Maria del Popolo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Santa Maria del Popolo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_basilika" title="Santa Maria del Popolo basilika – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Santa Maria del Popolo basilika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilique_Santa_Maria_del_Popolo" title="Basilique Santa Maria del Popolo – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Basilique Santa Maria del Popolo" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%B0%ED%83%80_%EB%A7%88%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%EB%8D%B8_%ED%8F%AC%ED%8F%B4%EB%A1%9C_%EC%84%B1%EB%8B%B9" title="산타 마리아 델 포폴로 성당 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="산타 마리아 델 포폴로 성당" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A1_%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1_%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%AC_%D5%8A%D5%B8%D5%BA%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8" title="Սանտա Մարիա դել Պոպոլո – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սանտա Մարիա դել Պոպոլո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Maria_del_Popolo" title="Santa Maria del Popolo – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Santa Maria del Popolo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilica_di_Santa_Maria_del_Popolo" title="Basilica di Santa Maria del Popolo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Basilica di Santa Maria del Popolo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%93%D7%9C_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95" title="סנטה מריה דל פופולו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סנטה מריה דל פופולו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Maria_del_Popolo" title="Santa Maria del Popolo – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Santa Maria del Popolo" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Црква Санта Марија дел Пополо – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Црква Санта Марија дел Пополо" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88" title="بازيليك سانتا ماريا ديل بوبولو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بازيليك سانتا ماريا ديل بوبولو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Maria_del_Popolo" title="Santa Maria del Popolo – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Santa Maria del Popolo" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Maria_del_Popolo" title="Santa Maria del Popolo – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Santa Maria del Popolo" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazylika_Santa_Maria_del_Popolo" title="Bazylika Santa Maria del Popolo – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bazylika Santa Maria del Popolo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bas%C3%ADlica_de_Santa_Maria_do_Povo" title="Basílica de Santa Maria do Povo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Basílica de Santa Maria do Povo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Санта-Мария-дель-Пополо – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Санта-Мария-дель-Пополо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Maria_del_Popolo" title="Santa Maria del Popolo – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Santa Maria del Popolo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Maria_del_Popolo" title="Santa Maria del Popolo – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Santa Maria del Popolo" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Maria_del_Popolo" title="Santa Maria del Popolo – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Santa Maria del Popolo" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Maria_del_Popolo" title="Santa Maria del Popolo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Santa Maria del Popolo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5" title="ซันตามาเรียเดลโปโปโล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ซันตามาเรียเดลโปโปโล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F-%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Санта-Марія-дель-Пополо – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Санта-Марія-дель-Пополо" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E5%9C%A3%E6%AE%BF" title="人民圣母圣殿 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="人民圣母圣殿" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q869513#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&params=41_54_41_N_12_28_35_E_region:IT_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°54′41″N</span> <span class="longitude">12°28′35″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.91139°N 12.47639°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.91139; 12.47639</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Church in Rome, Italy</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="color:black; background-color:#FFCC99">Basilica of Santa Maria del Popolo</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold">Parish Basilica of Santa Maria del Popolo</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold"><div class="nickname"><a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Basilica Sancta Mariæ de Populo</i><br /><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Basilica Parrocchiale Santa Maria del Popolo</i><br /></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:1px #aaa solid"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20140803_Basilica_of_Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_Rome_0191.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/20140803_Basilica_of_Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_Rome_0191.jpg/270px-20140803_Basilica_of_Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_Rome_0191.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/20140803_Basilica_of_Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_Rome_0191.jpg/405px-20140803_Basilica_of_Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_Rome_0191.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/20140803_Basilica_of_Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_Rome_0191.jpg/540px-20140803_Basilica_of_Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_Rome_0191.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4587" data-file-height="3043" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The church from <a href="/wiki/Piazza_del_Popolo" title="Piazza del Popolo">Piazza del Popolo</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:1px #aaa solid"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="13" data-overlays="["_3ac46bcb056ab38bb9fbc61329b95c085151972f"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&revid=1257724476&groups=_3ac46bcb056ab38bb9fbc61329b95c085151972f" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&revid=1257724476&groups=_3ac46bcb056ab38bb9fbc61329b95c085151972f 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Click on the map for a fullscreen view</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&params=41_54_41_N_12_28_35_E_region:IT_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°54′41″N</span> <span class="longitude">12°28′35″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.91139°N 12.47639°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.91139; 12.47639</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Denomination</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Christian_tradition" title="Christian tradition">Tradition</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Religious_order#Christianity" title="Religious order">Religious order</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Augustine" title="Order of Saint Augustine">Order of Saint Augustine</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.agostiniani.it/comunita-agostiniane-provincia/parrocchia-santa-maria-popolo/">www<wbr />.agostiniani<wbr />.it<wbr />/comunita-agostiniane-provincia<wbr />/parrocchia-santa-maria-popolo<wbr />/</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:black; background-color:#FFCC99">History</th></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Basilica_minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica minor">Basilica minor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parish_church" title="Parish church">parish church</a> (1561), <a href="/wiki/Titular_church" title="Titular church">titular church</a> (1587)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1099</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paschal_II" title="Pope Paschal II">Pope Paschal II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dedication_of_churches" title="Dedication of churches">Dedication</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Blessed Virgin Mary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Consecration" class="mw-redirect" title="Consecration">Consecrated</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1477</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:black; background-color:#FFCC99">Architecture</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Functional status</th><td class="infobox-data category">Active</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Architect" title="Architect">Architect(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Bregno" title="Andrea Bregno">Andrea Bregno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donato_Bramante" title="Donato Bramante">Donato Bramante</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini" title="Gian Lorenzo Bernini">Gian Lorenzo Bernini</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Architectural type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Basilica" title="Basilica">Basilica</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sacred_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred architecture">Style</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_architecture" title="Renaissance architecture">Renaissance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baroque_architecture" title="Baroque architecture">baroque</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Groundbreaking" title="Groundbreaking">Groundbreaking</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1472</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Completed</th><td class="infobox-data">1477</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:black; background-color:#FFCC99">Specifications</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Number of <a href="/wiki/Dome" title="Dome">domes</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Number of <a href="/wiki/Spire" title="Spire">spires</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:black; background-color:#FFCC99">Administration</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Diocese" title="Diocese">Diocese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Rome" title="Diocese of Rome">Diocese of Rome</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:black; background-color:#FFCC99">Clergy</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_protector" title="Cardinal protector">Cardinal protector</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Stanislaw_Dziwisz" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanislaw Dziwisz">Stanislaw Dziwisz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Priest#In_Christianity" title="Priest">Priest(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent">Ivan Caputo</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Parish Basilica of Santa Maria del Popolo</b> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Basilica Parrocchiale Santa Maria del Popolo</i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Titular_church" title="Titular church">titular church</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Minor_basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Minor basilica">minor basilica</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> run by the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Augustine" title="Order of Saint Augustine">Augustinian order</a>. It stands on the north side of <a href="/wiki/Piazza_del_Popolo" title="Piazza del Popolo">Piazza del Popolo</a>, one of the most famous squares in the city. The church is hemmed in between the <a href="/wiki/Pincian_Hill" title="Pincian Hill">Pincian Hill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Porta_del_Popolo" title="Porta del Popolo">Porta del Popolo</a>, one of the gates in the <a href="/wiki/Aurelian_Wall" class="mw-redirect" title="Aurelian Wall">Aurelian Wall</a> as well as the starting point of <a href="/wiki/Via_Flaminia" title="Via Flaminia">Via Flaminia</a>, the most important route from the north. Its location made the basilica the first church for the majority of travellers entering the city. The church contains works by several famous artists, such as <a href="/wiki/Raphael" title="Raphael">Raphael</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini" title="Gian Lorenzo Bernini">Gian Lorenzo Bernini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caravaggio" title="Caravaggio">Caravaggio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Algardi" title="Alessandro Algardi">Alessandro Algardi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pinturicchio" title="Pinturicchio">Pinturicchio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Bregno" title="Andrea Bregno">Andrea Bregno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_de_Marcillat" title="Guillaume de Marcillat">Guillaume de Marcillat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Donato_Bramante" title="Donato Bramante">Donato Bramante</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alberici_popolo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Alberici_popolo.jpg/170px-Alberici_popolo.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Alberici_popolo.jpg/255px-Alberici_popolo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Alberici_popolo.jpg/340px-Alberici_popolo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1611" data-file-height="2291" /></a><figcaption>The foundation legend of the church, in an engraving from Giacomo Alberici's book (1599)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legendary_founding">Legendary founding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Legendary founding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The well-known foundation legend of Santa Maria del Popolo revolves around the evil memory of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Nero" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Nero">Emperor Nero</a> and the cleansing of the area from this malicious legacy by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paschal_II" title="Pope Paschal II">Pope Paschal II</a>. As the story goes, after his suicide Nero was buried in the mausoleum of his paternal family, the <a href="/wiki/Domitia_gens" title="Domitia gens">Domitii</a> Ahenobarbi, at the foot of the <a href="/wiki/Pincian_Hill" title="Pincian Hill">Pincian Hill</a>. The sepulchre was later buried under a landslide and on its ruins grew a huge <a href="/wiki/Walnut" title="Walnut">walnut</a> tree that ″was so tall and sublime that no other plant exceeded it in any ways.″ The tree soon became the haunt for a multitude of vicious demons harassing the inhabitants of the area and also the travelers arriving in the city from the north through <a href="/wiki/Porta_Flaminia" class="mw-redirect" title="Porta Flaminia">Porta Flaminia</a>: ″some were being frightened, possessed, cruelly beaten and injured, others almost strangled, or miserably killed.″ </p><p>As the demons endangered an important access road of the city and also upset the entire population, the newly elected pontiff, Paschal II, was seriously concerned. He ″saw the flock of Christ committed to his watch, becoming prey to the infernal wolves.″<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Pope fasted and prayed for three days and at the end of that period, exhausted, he dreamt of the <a href="/wiki/Blessed_Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Blessed Virgin Mary">Blessed Virgin Mary</a>, who gave him detailed instructions on how to free the city from the demonic scourge. </p><p>On the Thursday after the Third Sunday of <a href="/wiki/Lent" title="Lent">Lent</a> in 1099, the Pope organised the entire clergy and populace of Rome in one, impressive procession that, with the crucifix at its head, went along the urban stretch of the <a href="/wiki/Via_Flaminia" title="Via Flaminia">Via Flaminia</a> until it reached the infested place. There, Paschal II performed the rite of <a href="/wiki/Exorcism_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Exorcism in the Catholic Church">exorcism</a> and then struck the walnut tree with a determined blow to its root, causing the evil spirits to burst forth, madly screaming. When the whole tree was removed, the remains of Nero were discovered among the ruins; the Pope ordered these thrown into the <a href="/wiki/Tiber" title="Tiber">Tiber</a>. </p><p>Finally liberated from the demons, that corner of Rome could be devoted to Christian worship. Paschal II, to the sound of hymns, placed the first stone of an altar at the former site of the walnut tree. This was incorporated into a simple chapel which was completed in three days. The construction was celebrated with particular solemnity: the Pope consecrated the small sanctuary in the presence of a large crowd, accompanied by ten cardinals, four archbishops, ten bishops and other prelates. He also granted the chapel many relics and dedicated it to the Virgin Mary. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_origins">Historical origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Historical origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paschal_Alberici.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Paschal_Alberici.jpg/170px-Paschal_Alberici.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Paschal_Alberici.jpg/255px-Paschal_Alberici.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Paschal_Alberici.jpg/340px-Paschal_Alberici.jpg 2x" data-file-width="905" data-file-height="1290" /></a><figcaption>Pope Paschal II</figcaption></figure> <p>The legend was recounted by an Augustinian friar, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giacomo_Alberici&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giacomo Alberici (page does not exist)">Giacomo Alberici</a> in his treatise about the Church of Santa Maria del Popolo which was published in Rome in 1599 and translated into Italian the next year.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another Augustinian, <a href="/wiki/Ambrogio_Landucci" title="Ambrogio Landucci">Ambrogio Landucci</a> rehashed the same story in his book about the origins of the basilica in 1646.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The legend has been retold several times ever since with slight changes in collections of Roman curiosities, scientific literature and guidebooks. An example of the variations could be found in <a href="/wiki/Ottavio_Panciroli" title="Ottavio Panciroli">Ottavio Panciroli</a>'s book which claimed that the demons inhabiting the tree took the form of black crows.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is not known how far the tradition goes back but in 1726 in the archive of Santa Maria del Popolo there was a catalogue of the holy relics of the church written in 1426 which contained a (lost) version of the ″miracle of the walnut tree″. This was allegedly copied from an even more ancient <i>tabella</i> at the main altar.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 15th century the story was already popular enough to be recounted by various German sources like <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolaus_Muffel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikolaus Muffel (page does not exist)">Nikolaus Muffel</a>'s <i>Description of Rome</i> (1452)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <i>The Pilgrimage of Arnold Von Harff</i> (1497).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The factual basis of the legend is weak. Nero was indeed buried in the mausoleum of his paternal family, but <a href="/wiki/Suetonius" title="Suetonius">Suetonius</a> in his <i>Life of Nero</i> writes that ″the family tomb of the Domitii [was] on the summit of the Hill of Gardens, which is visible from the Campus Martius.″ The location of the mausoleum was therefore somewhere on the higher north-west slopes of the Pincian Hill and certainly not at the foot of it where the church stands.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The foundation of the chapel by Paschal II was maybe part of an effort to restore the safety of the area around Porta Flaminia which was outside the inhabited core of medieval Rome and certainly infested with bandits. Another possible source of inspiration for the legend could have been the well-documented revenge of Pope Paschal II on the body of his opponent, <a href="/wiki/Antipope_Clement_III" title="Antipope Clement III">Antipope Clement III</a>. The pope seized the city of <a href="/wiki/Civita_Castellana" title="Civita Castellana">Civita Castellana</a>, had Clement's cadaver exhumed from his tomb, and ordered it thrown into the <a href="/wiki/Tiber" title="Tiber">Tiber</a>. Clement III was the protégée of the Holy Roman Emperor <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry IV</a> who was often called "Nero" by the papal party.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology">Etymology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name <i>del Popolo</i> ("of the people") was most probably derived from <i>populus</i> meaning large rural parish in medieval Latin. In this case the name refers to the first suburban settlement around Via Flaminia that was formed after the chapel had been built in this previously deserted part of Campus Martius.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others think the denomination implied that the people of Rome were saved from the demonic scourge or it came from the Latin word <i>pōpulus</i>, meaning <a href="/wiki/Populus" title="Populus">poplar</a>. The demonic tree was a huge walnut but there might have been poplar trees growing on ancient tombs in the locality. The name S. Maria ad Flaminiam appeared in some 15th-century documents. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Icon_of_Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_-_Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_-_Rome_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Icon_of_Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_-_Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_-_Rome_2015.jpg/170px-Icon_of_Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_-_Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_-_Rome_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Icon_of_Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_-_Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_-_Rome_2015.jpg/255px-Icon_of_Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_-_Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_-_Rome_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Icon_of_Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_-_Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_-_Rome_2015.jpg/340px-Icon_of_Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_-_Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_-_Rome_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1436" data-file-height="1683" /></a><figcaption>The icon of Madonna del Popolo</figcaption></figure><p>The name of Santa Maria del Popolo is missing in the catalogue of the churches of Rome which was written by Cencio Camerario in 1192. Later tradition held that the miraculous image of Our Lady, painted by <a href="/wiki/Luke_the_Evangelist" title="Luke the Evangelist">St. Luke</a> himself, was moved to the church by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_IX" title="Pope Gregory IX">Pope Gregory IX</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Sancta_Sanctorum" class="mw-redirect" title="Sancta Sanctorum">Sancta Sanctorum</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Lateran" title="Lateran">Lateran</a>. This happened after a flood of the <a href="/wiki/Tiber" title="Tiber">Tiber</a> – probably the great flood in 1230 – caused a horrible plague in the city. The pope convoked the cardinals, the whole clergy and the people of Rome and the icon was transferred in a solemn procession to Santa Maria del Popolo. After that the plague ceased and the tranquility of the city was restored.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Madonna del Popolo</i> has certainly remained one of the most popular Marian icons through the centuries, attracted many pilgrims and assured a greater role to the geographically still remote church. </p><p>The early history of Santa Maria del Popolo is almost unknown because the archives of the church were dispersed during the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_era" title="Napoleonic era">Napoleonic era</a> and few documents survived from before 1500. The first references in archival sources are from the 13th century. The <i>Catalogue of Paris</i> (compiled around 1230 or 1272–76) listing the churches of Rome already contains the name of Santa Maria de Populo.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There may have been a small <a href="/wiki/Franciscans" title="Franciscans">Franciscan</a> community living by the church until around 1250 but it is possible that they stayed there only temporarily.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Augustinians">The Augustinians</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The Augustinians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Licet_ecclesiae_bull.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Licet_ecclesiae_bull.jpg/220px-Licet_ecclesiae_bull.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Licet_ecclesiae_bull.jpg/330px-Licet_ecclesiae_bull.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Licet_ecclesiae_bull.jpg/440px-Licet_ecclesiae_bull.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1195" data-file-height="852" /></a><figcaption>The bull <i>Licet Ecclesiae</i> issued by Pope Alexander IV on 9 April 1256 that established the order</figcaption></figure><p>In the middle of the 13th century the church was given to the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Augustine" title="Order of Saint Augustine">Order of Saint Augustine</a> which has maintained it ever since. The Augustinians were a new <a href="/wiki/Mendicant_order" class="mw-redirect" title="Mendicant order">mendicant order</a> established under the guidance of Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Annibaldi" title="Riccardo Annibaldi">Riccardo Annibaldi</a>, probably the most influential member of the Roman Curia at the time. Annibaldi was appointed corrector and provisor of the Tuscan hermits by Pope <a href="/wiki/Innocent_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Innocent IV">Innocent IV</a> in December 1243. The cardinal convened a meeting to Santa Maria del Popolo for the delegates of the hermitic communities where they declared their union and the foundation of the new order that the Pope confirmed with the bull <i>Pia desideria</i> on 31 March 1244.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A few years later a community of friars was established by the church and the Franciscans were compensated for their loss with the monastery of <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Santa_Maria_in_Ara_Coeli" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of Santa Maria in Ara Coeli">Ara Coeli</a>. This probably happened in 1250 or 1251. The so-called Grand Union that integrated various other hermitic communities with the Tuscans by the order of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_IV" title="Pope Alexander IV">Pope Alexander IV</a> was also established on the general chapter held in Santa Maria del Popolo under the supervision of Cardinal Annibaldi in March 1256. The strong connection between the Annibaldi family and the church was attested on an inscription that mentioned two noble ladies of the family, Caritia and Gulitia who set up some kind of marble monument in the basilica in 1263.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Catalogue of Turin (c. 1320) stated that the monastery had 12 friars from the order of the hermits at the time. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_in_Schedelscher_Weltchronik.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_in_Schedelscher_Weltchronik.png/220px-Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_in_Schedelscher_Weltchronik.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_in_Schedelscher_Weltchronik.png/330px-Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_in_Schedelscher_Weltchronik.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_in_Schedelscher_Weltchronik.png/440px-Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_in_Schedelscher_Weltchronik.png 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="337" /></a><figcaption>Idealized depiction of Rome from the 1493 <i><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Chronicle" title="Nuremberg Chronicle">Nuremberg Chronicle</a></i>, with the Santa Maria del Popolo circled in red</figcaption></figure><p>In his bull <i>Dum praecelsa</i> Pope <a href="/wiki/Boniface_IX" class="mw-redirect" title="Boniface IX">Boniface IX</a> on 30 August 1400 granted a special indulgence to those who offered alms for the construction of a new tabernacle above the miraculous image of the Virgin. A marble relief depicting the Coronation of the Virgin (now preserved in the sacristy corridor) could have been part of a Gothic ciborium or cella built for the icon after that papal concession.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 15th century the friary of Santa Maria del Popolo joined the observant reform movement that tried to restore the original purity of monastic life. The general chapter of the Augustinian observants in May 1449 established five separate congregations for the observant friars in Italy. That of Rome-Perugia was sometimes named after Santa Maria del Popolo although the monastery never had the official position of a mother-house. In 1472 the friary was given over by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_IV" title="Pope Sixtus IV">Pope Sixtus IV</a> to the Lombard Congregation, the most important and populous of all, and it became its Roman headquarter and the seat of its procurator general (ambassador) at the Roman Curia.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Sistine_reconstruction">The Sistine reconstruction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The Sistine reconstruction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stampa_Giovanni_Maggi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Stampa_Giovanni_Maggi.jpg/220px-Stampa_Giovanni_Maggi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Stampa_Giovanni_Maggi.jpg/330px-Stampa_Giovanni_Maggi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Stampa_Giovanni_Maggi.jpg/440px-Stampa_Giovanni_Maggi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1072" data-file-height="820" /></a><figcaption>The church in its original form on Giovanni Maggi's copper engraving (1625)</figcaption></figure><p>Soon after its transfer to the prestigious Lombard Congregation Santa Maria del Popolo was reconstructed between 1472 and 1477 on the orders of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_IV" title="Pope Sixtus IV">Pope Sixtus IV</a>. This was part of the ambitious urban renovation program of the pope who presented himself as <i>Urbis Restaurator</i> of Rome.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The medieval church was entirely demolished and a new three-aisled, Latin cross shaped basilica was built with four identical chapels on both sides, an octagonal dome above the crossing and a tall Lombard style bell-tower at the end of the right transept. The result of this reconstruction was an early and excellent example of <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italian</a> <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_architecture" title="Renaissance architecture">Renaissance architecture</a> in Rome. In spite of the many later changes the basilica essentially kept its Sistine form until today. </p><p>The architect or architects of this innovative project remain unknown due to a lack of contemporary sources. <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Vasari" title="Giorgio Vasari">Giorgio Vasari</a> in his <i>Lives</i> attributed all the important papal projects in Rome during Sixtus IV to a Florentine, <a href="/wiki/Baccio_Pontelli" title="Baccio Pontelli">Baccio Pontelli</a> including the basilica and monastery of Santa Maria del Popolo. Modern researchers deemed this claim highly dubious and proposed other names among them <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Bregno" title="Andrea Bregno">Andrea Bregno</a>, a Lombard sculptor and architect whose workshop certainly received important commissions in the basilica. The fundamental differences between the façade and the interior suggest that maybe more than one architect was working on the building.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sistine_arms_SMP.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Sistine_arms_SMP.jpg/170px-Sistine_arms_SMP.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Sistine_arms_SMP.jpg/255px-Sistine_arms_SMP.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Sistine_arms_SMP.jpg/340px-Sistine_arms_SMP.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3499" data-file-height="4896" /></a><figcaption>The arms of Pope Sixtus IV in the nave</figcaption></figure><p>The year of completion is indicated on the inscriptions above the side doors of the façade. The one on the left reads "SIXTUS·PP·IIII·FVNDAVIT·1477", the other on the right reads "SIXTUS·PP·IIII·PONT·MAX·1477". Jacopo da Volterra recorded in his diary that the pope visited the church that "he rebuilt from the ground up a few years ago" in 1480. The pope was so strongly attached to the church, that he went there to pray every Saturday and celebrated mass in the papal chapel every year on September 6, the feast of the <a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Mary" title="Nativity of Mary">Nativity of the Virgin</a>. On 2 June 1481 when the rumour about the death of <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_the_Conqueror" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmed the Conqueror">Mehmed the Conqueror</a> was confirmed, the pope went to the Vespers at Santa Maria del Popolo in thanksgiving with the cardinals and the ambassadors. Another occasion when the pope celebrated an important event in the basilica was the victory of the papal troops against the Neapolitans <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Campomorto" title="Battle of Campomorto">at Campomorto</a> on 21 August 1482. </p><p>The reconstruction also had a symbolic message that the evil walnut tree of Nero was supplanted by the beneficent oak of the Della Rovere. The papal coats of arms were placed on the façade and the vaults as "symbols of eternal happiness and protection from lightning", as Landucci explained praising the transposition of the two trees.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another important aspect of the Sistine reconstruction was that it made the basilica – the first church for the pilgrims arriving in Rome from the North – a dynastic monument of the Della Rovere family. This was reinforced by relatives of the pope and other personages of his court who bought chapels and built funeral monuments. "Santa Maria del Popolo became a place to unite visually the universal domination of the church with the della Rovere, a totemic symbol that would associate the della Rovere with Rome and allowed them to co-opt its magnificience and glory", claimed Lisa Passaglia Bauman.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:S._Maria_original_plan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/S._Maria_original_plan.jpg/170px-S._Maria_original_plan.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/S._Maria_original_plan.jpg/255px-S._Maria_original_plan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/S._Maria_original_plan.jpg/340px-S._Maria_original_plan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1772" data-file-height="2362" /></a><figcaption>The plan of the basilica in its original quattrocento form; the shape of the choir and the transept is uncertain</figcaption></figure><p>The new high altar for the icon of the Madonna was commissioned by Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Giuliano_della_Rovere" class="mw-redirect" title="Giuliano della Rovere">Giuliano della Rovere</a>, the nephew of the pope, or Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Borgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Rodrigo Borgia">Rodrigo Borgia</a> in 1473. Another relative, Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Domenico_della_Rovere" title="Domenico della Rovere">Domenico della Rovere</a> bought two chapels on the right side. He transformed the first one into a funeral chapel and sold the other one to Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Jorge_da_Costa_(cardinal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jorge da Costa (cardinal)">Jorge da Costa</a> in 1488. The next papal family, the <a href="/wiki/Cybo" title="Cybo">Cybos</a> furnished the second chapel on the right in the 1490s, and also the third chapel on the left, while the third chapel on the right went to another cardinal-nephew of Pope Sixtus, <a href="/wiki/Girolamo_Basso_della_Rovere" title="Girolamo Basso della Rovere">Girolamo Basso della Rovere</a>. In the first chapel on the left a confidant of the pope, Bishop Giovanni Montemirabile was buried in 1479. Another confidant, Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Mellini" title="Giovanni Battista Mellini">Giovanni Battista Mellini</a> was buried in the third chapel on the left after his death in 1478. The two artists most closely associated with this period of the church were the sculptor <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Bregno" title="Andrea Bregno">Andrea Bregno</a> and the painter <a href="/wiki/Pinturicchio" title="Pinturicchio">Pinturicchio</a>. </p><p>The basilica retained its importance in the <a href="/wiki/Borgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Borgia">Borgia</a> era. When the Pope's son, the <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Borgia,_2nd_Duke_of_Gandia" class="mw-redirect" title="Giovanni Borgia, 2nd Duke of Gandia">Duke of Gandia</a> was murdered in June 1497, the body was laid in state and buried in the basilica. Other members of the family and their circle were also buried in the transept, including <a href="/wiki/Vannozza_dei_Cattanei" title="Vannozza dei Cattanei">Vannozza dei Cattanei</a>, the former mistress of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander VI">Alexander VI</a> in 1518, and the pope's secretary and physician, <a href="/wiki/Ludovico_Prodocator" title="Ludovico Prodocator">Ludovico Podocataro</a> in 1504. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Julian_extension">The Julian extension</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: The Julian extension"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:368px;max-width:368px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pope_Julius_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Pope_Julius_II.jpg/180px-Pope_Julius_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Pope_Julius_II.jpg/270px-Pope_Julius_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Pope_Julius_II.jpg/360px-Pope_Julius_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3111" data-file-height="4227" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Raphael, Pope Julius II, <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery" title="National Gallery">National Gallery</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Raphael_Madonna_of_Loreto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Raphael_Madonna_of_Loreto.jpg/180px-Raphael_Madonna_of_Loreto.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Raphael_Madonna_of_Loreto.jpg/270px-Raphael_Madonna_of_Loreto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Raphael_Madonna_of_Loreto.jpg/360px-Raphael_Madonna_of_Loreto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="2197" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Raphael, <a href="/wiki/Madonna_of_Loreto_(Raphael)" class="mw-redirect" title="Madonna of Loreto (Raphael)">Madonna of the Veil</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>With the election of another Della Rovere cardinal, <a href="/wiki/Julius_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Julius II">Julius II</a> in 1503, the Basilica of Santa Maria del Popolo again became the favourite church of the reigning pope. Julius was strongly devoted to the icon of Madonna del Popolo but he was also strongly devoted to increasing the glory of his dynasty. For these reasons he took up the work of his uncle and built a spacious new choir between 1505 and 1510 behind the main altar. The project was entrusted to his favourite architect, <a href="/wiki/Donato_Bramante" title="Donato Bramante">Donato Bramante</a>. The choir was built in <a href="/wiki/High_Renaissance" title="High Renaissance">High Renaissance</a> style, and it was decorated with the frescoes of Pinturicchio on the sail vault and the stained glass windows of <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_de_Marcillat" title="Guillaume de Marcillat">Guillaume de Marcillat</a>. It was also used as a mausoleum where <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Sansovino" title="Andrea Sansovino">Andrea Sansovino</a> created two monumental tombs for Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Girolamo_Basso_della_Rovere" title="Girolamo Basso della Rovere">Girolamo Basso della Rovere</a> (†1507), the favourite cousin of the pope, and Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Ascanio_Sforza" title="Ascanio Sforza">Ascanio Sforza</a> (†1505), his former rival. </p><p>There was another important commission for <a href="/wiki/Raphael" title="Raphael">Raphael</a>. He painted the <a href="/wiki/Madonna_of_Loreto_(Raphael)" class="mw-redirect" title="Madonna of Loreto (Raphael)">Madonna of the Veil</a>, a portrayal of the Holy Family (c. 1508), and the <a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Pope_Julius_II" title="Portrait of Pope Julius II">Portrait of Pope Julius II</a> (c. 1511) to be displayed at the church. There are references from the 1540s and later that the pair of highly prestigious votive images were occasionally hanged on the pillars for feast days but otherwise they were probably kept in the sacristy.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unfortunately in 1591 both paintings were removed from the church by <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Emilio_Sfondrati" title="Paolo Emilio Sfondrati">Paolo Emilio Sfondrati</a> and later sold off. </p><p>Julius II granted assent to the wealthy Sienese banker, <a href="/wiki/Agostino_Chigi" title="Agostino Chigi">Agostino Chigi</a>, who was adopted into the Della Rovere family, to build a mausoleum replacing the second side chapel on the left in 1507. The chapel was dedicated to the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_della_Santa_Casa" title="Basilica della Santa Casa">Virgin of Loreto</a> whose cult was ardently promoted by the Della Rovere popes. The <a href="/wiki/Chigi_Chapel" title="Chigi Chapel">Chigi Chapel</a> was designed by Raphael and it was partially completed in 1516 but remained unfinished for a very long time. This ambitious project created a strong connection between the basilica and the Chigis that extended well into the next century. </p><p>In the Julian era the church became again the location of important papal ceremonies. The pope launched his first campaign here on 26 August 1506 and when he returned to Rome after the successful Northern Italian war, he spent the night of 27 March 1507 in the convent of Santa Maria del Popolo. On the next day Julius celebrated High Mass on Palm Sunday in the church that was decorated with fronds of palm and olive branches. The ceremony was followed by a triumphal entry into the city. On 5 October 1511 the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_League_of_Cambrai" title="War of the League of Cambrai">Holy League against France</a> was solemnly proclaimed in the basilica. On 25 November 1512 the alliance of the pope with <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor">Emperor Maximilian I</a> was also announced in this church in the presence of fifty-two diplomatic envoys and fifteen cardinals. The pope also visited the Madonna del Popolo for private reasons like when he prayed for the recovery of his favourite nephew, <a href="/wiki/Galeotto_Franciotti_della_Rovere" title="Galeotto Franciotti della Rovere">Galeotto Franciotti della Rovere</a> in early September 1508. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Luther's_visit"><span id="Luther.27s_visit"></span>Luther's visit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Luther's visit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Luther_Cranach_the_Elder_BM_1837-0616.363.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Luther_Cranach_the_Elder_BM_1837-0616.363.jpg/170px-Luther_Cranach_the_Elder_BM_1837-0616.363.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Luther_Cranach_the_Elder_BM_1837-0616.363.jpg/255px-Luther_Cranach_the_Elder_BM_1837-0616.363.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Luther_Cranach_the_Elder_BM_1837-0616.363.jpg/340px-Luther_Cranach_the_Elder_BM_1837-0616.363.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1154" data-file-height="1616" /></a><figcaption>Luther as an Augustinian friar</figcaption></figure> <p>Luther's journey to Rome as young Augustinian friar is a famous episode of his life period before the <a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a>. Although his stay in the city became the stuff of legends, the circumstances and details of this journey are surprisingly murky due to a scarcity of authentic sources. Even the traditional date (1510/11) was questioned recently when Hans Schneider suggested that the trip happened a year later in 1511/12.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>What is certain that the journey was connected to a feud between the Observant and the Conventual monasteries of the Augustinian Order in the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> and their proposed union. According to the traditional dating Luther arrived in Rome between 25 December 1510 and January 1511. His biographer, Heinrich Böhmer assumed that the young observant friar stayed in the monastery of Santa Maria del Popolo. This assumption was disputed by newer biographers who argued that the tense relationship between the Lombardian Congregation and the administration of the Augustinian order made the monastery of Santa Maria del Popolo an unsuitable lodging for Luther who tried to win a favour at the leaders of his order.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Be that as it may, Luther, who spent four weeks in Rome, certainly visited the only observant Augustinian monastery in the city and its famous pilgrimage church that was the favourite of the reigning pope. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_parish">The parish</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: The parish"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Santa_maria_del_popolo,_facciata,_targa_03.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Santa_maria_del_popolo%2C_facciata%2C_targa_03.JPG/220px-Santa_maria_del_popolo%2C_facciata%2C_targa_03.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Santa_maria_del_popolo%2C_facciata%2C_targa_03.JPG/330px-Santa_maria_del_popolo%2C_facciata%2C_targa_03.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Santa_maria_del_popolo%2C_facciata%2C_targa_03.JPG/440px-Santa_maria_del_popolo%2C_facciata%2C_targa_03.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2521" data-file-height="2035" /></a><figcaption>Inscription commemorating the indulgences that Pope Gregory XIII conceded in 1582</figcaption></figure><p>After the Della Rovere era, the basilica lost its prominent role as a papal church but it remained one of the most important pilgrimage churches in the city. This was shown on 23 November 1561 when <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_IV" title="Pope Pius IV">Pope Pius IV</a> held a solemn procession from St. Peter's to the Basilica of Santa Maria del Popolo on the occasion of reopening the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Council of Trent</a>. Building works went on in the <a href="/wiki/Chigi_Chapel" title="Chigi Chapel">Chigi Chapel</a> in a slow pace until the 1550s. The last important Renaissance addition was the <a href="/wiki/Theodoli_Chapel_(Santa_Maria_del_Popolo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodoli Chapel (Santa Maria del Popolo)">Theodoli Chapel</a> between 1555 and 1575 with rich stucco and fresco decoration by <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Mazzoni" title="Giulio Mazzoni">Giulio Mazzoni</a>. </p><p>At the same time the basilica became a parish church when Pope Pius IV created the Parish of St. Andrew "outside Porta Flaminia" with the <a href="/wiki/Motu_proprio" title="Motu proprio">motu proprio</a> <i>Sacri apostolatus</i> on 1 January 1561 and united it in perpetuity with the Augustinian priory. The care of the new parish was entrusted to the friars and <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_V" title="Pope Pius V">Pope Pius V</a> moved the seat of the parish to Santa Maria del Popolo. The parish still exists encompassing a large area comprising the southern part of the Flaminio district, the <a href="/wiki/Pincian_Hill" title="Pincian Hill">Pincian Hill</a> and the northernmost part of the historic centre around <a href="/wiki/Piazza_del_Popolo" title="Piazza del Popolo">Piazza del Popolo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The basilica was made a <a href="/wiki/Titular_church" title="Titular church">titular church</a> on 13 April 1587 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_V" title="Pope Sixtus V">Pope Sixtus V</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_constitution" title="Apostolic constitution">apostolic constitution</a> <i>Religiosa</i>. The first <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_priest" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal priest">cardinal priest</a> of the <i>titulus</i> was Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Tolomeo_Gallio" title="Tolomeo Gallio">Tolomeo Gallio</a>. Pope Sixtus V also enhanced the liturgical importance of the basilica elevating it for the rank of <a href="/wiki/Station_days" title="Station days">station church</a> in his 13 February 1586 bull which revived the ancient custom of the Stations. (This role was lost in modern times.) The same pope included the church among the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Pilgrim_Churches_of_Rome" title="Seven Pilgrim Churches of Rome">Seven Pilgrim Churches of Rome</a> instead of the inconveniently located basilica of <a href="/wiki/San_Sebastiano_fuori_le_mura" title="San Sebastiano fuori le mura">San Sebastiano fuori le mura</a>. </p><p>In April 1594 Pope <a href="/wiki/Clement_VIII" class="mw-redirect" title="Clement VIII">Clement VIII</a> ordered the removal of the tomb of <a href="/wiki/Vannozza_dei_Cattanei" title="Vannozza dei Cattanei">Vannozza dei Cattanei</a>, the mistress of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander VI">Alexander VI</a>, from the basilica because the memory of the Borgias was a stain on the history of the Catholic Church for the reformed papacy and all the visible traces had to disappear.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Caravaggio_and_the_Chigi_reconstruction">Caravaggio and the Chigi reconstruction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Caravaggio and the Chigi reconstruction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Santa_Maria_del_Popolo" title="Special:EditPage/Santa Maria del Popolo">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crucifixion_of_Saint_Peter-Caravaggio_(c.1600).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Crucifixion_of_Saint_Peter-Caravaggio_%28c.1600%29.jpg/170px-Crucifixion_of_Saint_Peter-Caravaggio_%28c.1600%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Crucifixion_of_Saint_Peter-Caravaggio_%28c.1600%29.jpg/255px-Crucifixion_of_Saint_Peter-Caravaggio_%28c.1600%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Crucifixion_of_Saint_Peter-Caravaggio_%28c.1600%29.jpg/340px-Crucifixion_of_Saint_Peter-Caravaggio_%28c.1600%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8180" data-file-height="10537" /></a><figcaption>The Crucifixion of Saint Peter by Caravaggio</figcaption></figure><p>On 8 July 1600 Monsignor <a href="/wiki/Tiberio_Cerasi" title="Tiberio Cerasi">Tiberio Cerasi</a>, Treasurer-General of Pope Clement VIII purchased the patronage right of the old Foscari Chapel in the left transept and soon demolished it. The new <a href="/wiki/Cerasi_Chapel" title="Cerasi Chapel">Cerasi Chapel</a> was designed by <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Maderno" title="Carlo Maderno">Carlo Maderno</a> between 1600 and 1601, and it was decorated with two large Baroque canvases by <a href="/wiki/Caravaggio" title="Caravaggio">Caravaggio</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Conversion_on_the_Way_to_Damascus" title="Conversion on the Way to Damascus">Conversion of Saint Paul</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Saint_Peter_(Caravaggio)" title="Crucifixion of Saint Peter (Caravaggio)">Crucifixion of Saint Peter</a>. These are the most important works of art in the basilica, and unrivalled high points of Western art. A third painting is also significant, the <a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_the_Virgin_(Cerasi_Chapel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Assumption of the Virgin (Cerasi Chapel)">Assumption of the Virgin</a> by <a href="/wiki/Annibale_Carracci" title="Annibale Carracci">Annibale Carracci</a> which was set on the altar. </p><p>During the first half of the 17th century there were no other significant building works in the basilica but many Baroque funeral monuments were erected in the side chapels and the aisles, the most famous among them the tomb of Cardinal Giovanni Garzia Mellini by <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Algardi" title="Alessandro Algardi">Alessandro Algardi</a> from 1637 to 1638. Two noteworthy fresco cycles were added by <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_da_San_Giovanni" title="Giovanni da San Giovanni">Giovanni da San Giovanni</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Mellini_Chapel_(Santa_Maria_del_Popolo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mellini Chapel (Santa Maria del Popolo)">Mellini Chapel</a>, that the owner family restored in the 1620s, and by <a href="/wiki/Pieter_van_Lint" title="Pieter van Lint">Pieter van Lint</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Cybo-Soderini_Chapel_(Santa_Maria_del_Popolo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cybo-Soderini Chapel (Santa Maria del Popolo)">Chapel of Innocenzo Cybo</a> in the 1630s. </p><p>A new wave of construction began when <a href="/wiki/Fabio_Chigi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabio Chigi">Fabio Chigi</a> became the cardinal priest of the church in 1652. He immediately began the reconstruction of the neglected <a href="/wiki/Chigi_Chapel" title="Chigi Chapel">family chapel</a> which was embellished by <a href="/wiki/Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini" title="Gian Lorenzo Bernini">Gian Lorenzo Bernini</a>. In 1655 Chigi was elected pope under the name Alexander VII. He repeatedly checked the progress of the work; there was a papal visit on 4 March 1656, 10 February and 3 March 1657. Due to this personal supervision the project was speedily completed by the middle of 1657 but the last statue of Bernini was only put in place in 1661. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aquila_francesco_popolo_chigi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Aquila_francesco_popolo_chigi.jpg/220px-Aquila_francesco_popolo_chigi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Aquila_francesco_popolo_chigi.jpg/330px-Aquila_francesco_popolo_chigi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Aquila_francesco_popolo_chigi.jpg/440px-Aquila_francesco_popolo_chigi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1633" data-file-height="1110" /></a><figcaption>The Chigi arms with two <i>Victories</i> by Antonio Raggi in the nave</figcaption></figure><p>In the meantime the pope entrusted Bernini with the task of modernizing the old basilica in contemporary Baroque style. In March 1658 Alexander VII inspected the work in the company of the architect. This proved to be a significant rebuilding that altered the character of the quattrocento basilica. The façade was changed, larger windows were opened in the nave, statues, frescos and stucco decorations were added in the interior and a new main altar was erected. Two side altars and organ lofts were built in the transept where the old Borgia Chapel was demolished. Chigi coat-of-arms, symbols and inscriptions celebrated the glory of the pope everywhere. </p><p>The basilica almost reached its final form with the Berninian reconstruction. The last important addition happened during the pontificate of <a href="/wiki/Innocent_XI" class="mw-redirect" title="Innocent XI">Innocent XI</a>. His Secretary of State, Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Alderano_Cybo" title="Alderano Cybo">Alderano Cybo</a> demolished the old family chapel (the second on the right) and built the sumptuous Baroque <a href="/wiki/Cybo_Chapel_(Santa_Maria_del_Popolo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cybo Chapel (Santa Maria del Popolo)">Cybo Chapel</a> on its place that was designed by <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Fontana" title="Carlo Fontana">Carlo Fontana</a> between 1682 and 1687. The large domed chapel was decorated with paintings by <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Maratta" title="Carlo Maratta">Carlo Maratta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Seiter" title="Daniel Seiter">Daniel Seiter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Garzi" title="Luigi Garzi">Luigi Garzi</a>. It is regarded one of the most significant sacral monuments erected in Rome in the last quarter of the 17th century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_developments">Later developments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Later developments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Santa_Maria_del_Popolo" title="Special:EditPage/Santa Maria del Popolo">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adolfo_Apolloni_memorial_de_Agostino_Chigi_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Adolfo_Apolloni_memorial_de_Agostino_Chigi_01.JPG/220px-Adolfo_Apolloni_memorial_de_Agostino_Chigi_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Adolfo_Apolloni_memorial_de_Agostino_Chigi_01.JPG/330px-Adolfo_Apolloni_memorial_de_Agostino_Chigi_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Adolfo_Apolloni_memorial_de_Agostino_Chigi_01.JPG/440px-Adolfo_Apolloni_memorial_de_Agostino_Chigi_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>The monument to Agostino Chigi was the last monumental tomb, added in 1915</figcaption></figure> <p>During the reign of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_XI" title="Pope Clement XI">Pope Clement XI</a> the Basilica of Santa Maria del Popolo was the scene of a joyful ceremony. On 8 September 1716 the pope blessed a four feet long sword, adorned with the papal arms, that he sent as a gift to <a href="/wiki/Prince_Eugene_of_Savoy" title="Prince Eugene of Savoy">Prince Eugene of Savoy</a>, the commander of the imperial army after the prince won the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Petrovaradin" title="Battle of Petrovaradin">Battle of Petrovaradin</a> against the Ottomans in the <a href="/wiki/Austro%E2%80%93Turkish_War_(1716%E2%80%9318)" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro–Turkish War (1716–18)">Austro–Turkish War</a>. </p><p>The most visible 18th century addition to the basilica is the spectacular funeral monument for Princess Maria Flaminia Odescalchi Chigi, the young wife of Don Sigismondo Chigi Albani della Rovere. It was designed by <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Posi" title="Paolo Posi">Paolo Posi</a> in 1772 and sometimes dubbed the "last Baroque tomb in Rome". By the time the church was full of valuable tombs and artworks, and there was not much room left for the 19th century. Nonetheles there were smaller interventions: the <a href="/wiki/Cybo-Soderini_Chapel_(Santa_Maria_del_Popolo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cybo-Soderini Chapel (Santa Maria del Popolo)">Cybo-Soderini Chapel</a> was restored in 1825, the <a href="/wiki/Feoli_and_Cicada_Chapels_(Santa_Maria_del_Popolo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Feoli and Cicada Chapels (Santa Maria del Popolo)">Feoli Chapel</a> was completely redesigned in Neo-Renaissance style in 1857 and the monumental <a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> tomb of Agostino Chigi by <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Apolloni" title="Adolfo Apolloni">Adolfo Apolloni</a> was erected in 1915. After that only repairs and restorations happened regularly; the first important modern intervention was conducted by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Mu%C3%B1oz_(Superintendent_of_Monuments_of_Rome)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonio Muñoz (Superintendent of Monuments of Rome) (page does not exist)">Antonio Muñoz</a> in 1912 with the aim to "restore the church to its beautiful quattrocento character" and removing many of the Baroque additions in the nave and the transept. </p><p>The urban setting of the basilica changed fundamentally between 1816 and 1824 when <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Valadier" title="Giuseppe Valadier">Giuseppe Valadier</a> created the monumental Neo-Classical ensemble of <a href="/wiki/Piazza_del_Popolo" title="Piazza del Popolo">Piazza del Popolo</a>, commissioned by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_VII" title="Pope Pius VII">Pope Pius VII</a>. The ancient monastery of the Augustinians was demolished, the extensive gardens were appropriated and a new monastery was erected on a much smaller footprint in Neo-Classical style. This building covered the whole right side of the basilica with its side chapels, wrapping around the base of the bell tower and reducing the visual prominence of the basilica on the square. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exterior">Exterior</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Exterior"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Façade"><span id="Fa.C3.A7ade"></span>Façade</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Façade"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SMP_Piazza_del_Popolo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/SMP_Piazza_del_Popolo.jpg/170px-SMP_Piazza_del_Popolo.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/SMP_Piazza_del_Popolo.jpg/255px-SMP_Piazza_del_Popolo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/SMP_Piazza_del_Popolo.jpg/340px-SMP_Piazza_del_Popolo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2462" data-file-height="2614" /></a><figcaption>The façade of the basilica</figcaption></figure><p>The façade was built in early Renaissance style in the 1470s when the medieval church was rebuilt by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_IV" title="Pope Sixtus IV">Pope Sixtus IV</a>. It was later reworked by Gian Lorenzo Bernini in the 17th century but pictorial sources preserved its original form, for example a woodcut in Girolamo Franzini's guide in 1588,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a veduta by Giovanni Maggi in 1625.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Originally there were tracery panels in the windows and spokes in the central rose window, and the building was free-standing with a clear view of the bell tower and the row of identical side chapels on the right. </p><p>The architecture is often attributed to <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Bregno" title="Andrea Bregno">Andrea Bregno</a> but without definitive evidence. According to Ulrich Fürst the architect aimed at perfect proportioning and also at masterful restraint in the detail. "In this way he succeeded in designing the best church façade in early-Renaissance Rome."<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The two-storey high façade was built of bright Roman travertine. The three entrances are accessed by a flight of stairs lending the basilica a feel of monumentality. The architecture is simple and dignified with four shallow pilasters on the lower level and two pilasters flanking the upper part with the rose window in the center. The pilasters have Corinthianesque capitals with egg-and-dart moulding and vegetal decoration on the lower level while those on the upper level feature simpler capitals with acanthus leaves, scrolls and palmettes. The side doors are surmounted by triangular pediments and their lintels have dedicatory inscriptions referring to Pope Sixtus IV. There is a pair of large arched windows above them. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Popolo_door_pediment.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Popolo_door_pediment.jpg/170px-Popolo_door_pediment.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Popolo_door_pediment.jpg/255px-Popolo_door_pediment.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Popolo_door_pediment.jpg/340px-Popolo_door_pediment.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>The pediment and the frieze of the central doorway</figcaption></figure><p>The main door is more monumental that the others. Its pointed pediment is filled with a sculpture of the <i>Madonna and the Child</i> set in a scallop shell. The rim of the niche is decorated with cherubs among six-pointed stars and whiffs of clouds. The frieze has a fine carved decoration of artificial foliage, pecking birds and three putti who are holding torches and oak branches in their hands and carrying bowls of fruit on their heads. The coat-of-arms of Pope Sixtus IV on the lintel is encircled by oak branches. The carvings around the door are the only significant sculptural decorations on the façade and as a whole they summarize the iconographic program of the Sistine rebuilding. The central motif is the Madonna del Popolo surrounded by the symbols of heavenly light and paradisiacal abundance, intertwined with the emblem of the Della Rovere dynasty, and set in a perfectly classical frame. </p><p>Bernini added the two halves of a broken segmental pediment on the sides of the upper level, replacing the original volutes, and the curved connecting element with the rich oak garlands. Further Baroque additions were the two flaming torches and the six mountains, the family symbols of the Chigi dynasty. The plain pediment was originally decorated with the coat of arms of Pope Sixtus IV hanging on an acanthus leaf scroll corbel but only the truncated upper part of the shield survived. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inscriptions">Inscriptions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Inscriptions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Santa_maria_del_popolo,_facciata,_targa_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Santa_maria_del_popolo%2C_facciata%2C_targa_01.JPG/220px-Santa_maria_del_popolo%2C_facciata%2C_targa_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Santa_maria_del_popolo%2C_facciata%2C_targa_01.JPG/330px-Santa_maria_del_popolo%2C_facciata%2C_targa_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Santa_maria_del_popolo%2C_facciata%2C_targa_01.JPG/440px-Santa_maria_del_popolo%2C_facciata%2C_targa_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Inscription on the facade, one of the papal bulls</figcaption></figure><p>There are two lengthy inscriptions on the two sides of the main entrance quoting the bulls of Pope Sixtus IV in regard to the church. With the first one, dated on 7 September 1472, which begins with the words <i>Ineffabilia Gloriosae Virginis Dei Genitricis</i>, he granted plenary indulgence and remission of all sins to the faithful of both sexes who, truly repented and confessed, attend this church on the days of the Immaculate Conception, Nativity, Annunciation, Visitation, Purification, and Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary. </p><p>The second one, dated on 12 October 1472, begins with the words <i>A Sede Apostolica sunt illa benigno favore concedenda</i>, in which he confirmed the perpetual plenary indulgence that can be earned on the earlier indicated feastdays of the Virgin, and more, commemorating the indulgences granted to the church by the former popes. </p><p>The inscriptions are famous examples of the so-called 'Sistine' style of <i>all'antica</i> capital lettering, a revived form of ancient Roman monumental inscriptional writing adapted to create a uniquely Renaissance idiom. The main source of this style was Bregno himself who used it on the inscriptions on his funeral monuments.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On both side of the right door there are smaller plaques commemorating the indulgences that Gregory XIII conceded to the basilica in 1582 and the fact that Sixtus V included Santa Maria del Popolo among the seven pilgrimage churches of Rome in 1586. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_dome">The dome</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: The dome"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Campo_Marzio_-_s_M_del_Popolo_campanile_e_cupola_1250494.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Campo_Marzio_-_s_M_del_Popolo_campanile_e_cupola_1250494.JPG/170px-Campo_Marzio_-_s_M_del_Popolo_campanile_e_cupola_1250494.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Campo_Marzio_-_s_M_del_Popolo_campanile_e_cupola_1250494.JPG/255px-Campo_Marzio_-_s_M_del_Popolo_campanile_e_cupola_1250494.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Campo_Marzio_-_s_M_del_Popolo_campanile_e_cupola_1250494.JPG/340px-Campo_Marzio_-_s_M_del_Popolo_campanile_e_cupola_1250494.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a><figcaption>The northern style bell tower and the octagonal dome</figcaption></figure><p>The dome of Santa Maria del Popolo was the first octagonal Renaissance dome above a rectangular crossing erected on a high tambour. At the time of its building in 1474-75 it had no real precedent, the only comparable examples are the drawings of <a href="/wiki/Filarete" title="Filarete">Filarete</a> for the utopist city of <a href="/wiki/Sforzinda" title="Sforzinda">Sforzinda</a> which have never been carried out. As such the dome was a visual anomaly in the skyline of Rome but later became a prototype that has many followers in the city and in other Italian towns. The raison d'être of this novelty was the miraculous icon of Madonna del Popolo that was placed right in the center of the domed sanctuary. </p><p>The dome itself is a rather irregular mixed masonry construction of tuff blocks, bricks and mortar, covered with lead sheets. There is a thin inner shell made of bricks which can be a later addition to create a suitable surface for the frescoes. The dome is capped with an elegant globe and cross finial. The high brick tambour is punctuated with eight arched windows which originally had stone mullions like all the other openings of the church. The whole structure rests on a low square base.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bell_tower">Bell tower</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Bell tower"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 15th-century bell tower is placed at the end of the right transept. The structure was later incorporated into the Neo-Classical monastery that covered the larger part of its body. The tall brick tower was built in Northern Italian style which was unusual at the time in Rome but probably suited the taste of the Lombard congregation. The conical spire, which was built of petal shaped clay bricks, is surrounded with four cylindrical pinnacles with conical caps. These pinnacles have two superimposed rows of blind arcades with cusped brick arches. The spire is crowned with a ball and cross finial with an added weather vane. The top part of the tower shows a strong similarity to the bell tower of the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_San_Zeno,_Verona" title="Basilica of San Zeno, Verona">Basilica of San Zeno</a> in <a href="/wiki/Verona" title="Verona">Verona</a>. The rectangular tower is articulated by stone cornices. On the top floor it has large arched windows on every side. Only damaged traces of the original stone mullions and ornamental brickwork parapets survived in the openings except on the eastern side where the mullion remained intact. This is a typical biforate window with small Tuscan pillars and a quatrefoil. </p><p>The circular clock on the southern side is a later addition. The clock is visibly oversized for the space between the window and the cornice; in the 18th century it was installed lower down on the same side of the tower. Another row of arched windows on this level was already walled up in the second half of the 17th century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Doors">Doors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Doors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The three studded wooden doors are decorated with bronze reliefs by a Calabrian sculptor, <a href="/wiki/Michele_Guerrisi" title="Michele Guerrisi">Michele Guerrisi</a> from 1963. On the panels of the main door there are scenes from the <a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion of Jesus</a> while the reliefs of the side doors illustrate chosen Biblical phrases. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Popolo_main_door.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Popolo_main_door.jpg/170px-Popolo_main_door.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Popolo_main_door.jpg/255px-Popolo_main_door.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Popolo_main_door.jpg/340px-Popolo_main_door.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="6000" /></a><figcaption>The main door</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Left door panels</i> </p><p>upper row: (1) Angel with a book - Timor Domini initium sapientiae (The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom, <i>Psalm 111:10</i>); (2) Angel with a chalice and grape - Hic est enim sanguis meus (This is my blood, <i>Matthew 26:28</i>) </p><p>middle row: (1) Angel with a censer - Ascendit oratio sicut incensum (The prayer ascends like incense, a version of <i>Psalm 141:2</i>); (2) Angel with a candlestick and oil lamp - Ad revelationem gentium (For reveletion to the Gentiles, <i>Luke 2:32</i>) </p><p>lower row: (1) Angel with a tiara and crosier - Ecclesia mater et magistra (The Church, mother and teacher, <i>especially in the documents of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Second Vatican Council</a></i>); (2) Angel with <a href="/wiki/Aspergillum" title="Aspergillum">aspergillum</a>, aspersorium and ear of wheat - Asperge me Domine et mundabor (Purify me, Lord, and I will be clean, <i>Psalm 51:9</i>) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Main_door_panels">Main door panels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Main door panels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1st row: (1) <a href="/wiki/Descent_from_the_Cross" title="Descent from the Cross">Descent from the Cross</a>; (2) Resurrection </p><p>2nd row: (1) Jesus meets his mother, Mary; (2) Jesus on the cross with Mary and John </p><p>3rd row: (1) <a href="/wiki/Flagellation_of_Christ" title="Flagellation of Christ">Flagellation of Christ</a>; (2) Simon helps carry the cross </p><p>4th row: (2) <a href="/wiki/Agony_in_the_Garden" title="Agony in the Garden">Agony in the Garden</a>; (2) Jesus before Pilate </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Right_door_panels">Right door panels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Right door panels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>upper row: (1) Angel with scroll and sources of water - Euntes ergo docete omnes gentes (Therefore, go and make disciples of all nations, <i>Matthew 28:19</i>); (2) Angel with trumpet - Et vos estote parati (You also must be ready, <i>Luke 12:40</i>) </p><p>middle row: (1) Angel with chalice, cross and crown of thorns - Non sicut ego volo sed sicut tu (Not as I will, but as you will, <i>Matthew</i> 26:39); (2) Angel sitting on a stone with wand - Resurrexit non est hic (He has risen, he is not here, <i>Matthew 28:6</i>) </p><p>lower row: (1) Angel with the <a href="/wiki/Tablets_of_Stone" title="Tablets of Stone">Tablets of Stone</a> - Ego sum Dominus Deus tuus (I am the Lord Your God, <i>Exodus 20:2</i>); (2) Angel with dove and snake - Ave Maria gratia plena (Hail Mary, full of grace, <i>first words of the <a href="/wiki/Hail_Mary" title="Hail Mary">Hail Mary</a></i>) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interior">Interior</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Interior"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Counterfaçade"><span id="Counterfa.C3.A7ade"></span>Counterfaçade</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Counterfaçade"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SMPopolo_counterfacade.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/SMPopolo_counterfacade.jpg/170px-SMPopolo_counterfacade.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/SMPopolo_counterfacade.jpg/255px-SMPopolo_counterfacade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/SMPopolo_counterfacade.jpg/340px-SMPopolo_counterfacade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3672" data-file-height="4896" /></a><figcaption>The counterfaçade with the dedicatory inscription of Alexander VII</figcaption></figure> <p>The decoration of the counterfaçade was part of the Berninian reconstruction of the church in the 17th century. The architecture is simple with a marble frame around the monumental door, a dentilled cornice, a segmental arched pediment and a dedicatory inscription commemorating the thorough rebuilding of the ancient church that <a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VII" title="Pope Alexander VII">Pope Alexander VII</a> initiated as Fabio Chigi, Cardinal Priest of the basilica, and its consecration in 1655 as newly elected Pope: </p><p>ALEXANDER · VII · P · M / FABII · CHISII · OLIM · CARD / TITULARI · AEDE · ORNATA / SUI · PONTIF · PRIMORDIA / ANTIQAE · PIETATI / IN · BEATAM · VIRGINEM / CONSECR ·A · D · MDCLV. </p><p>The rose window is supported by two stucco angels sculpted by <a href="/wiki/Ercole_Ferrata" title="Ercole Ferrata">Ercole Ferrata</a> in 1655-58 under the guidance of Bernini. The one on the left holds a wreath in her hand. On the lower part of the counterfaçade there are various funeral monuments. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nave">Nave</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Nave"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rom,_Basilika_Santa_Maria_del_Popolo,_Innenraum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Rom%2C_Basilika_Santa_Maria_del_Popolo%2C_Innenraum.jpg/220px-Rom%2C_Basilika_Santa_Maria_del_Popolo%2C_Innenraum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Rom%2C_Basilika_Santa_Maria_del_Popolo%2C_Innenraum.jpg/330px-Rom%2C_Basilika_Santa_Maria_del_Popolo%2C_Innenraum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Rom%2C_Basilika_Santa_Maria_del_Popolo%2C_Innenraum.jpg/440px-Rom%2C_Basilika_Santa_Maria_del_Popolo%2C_Innenraum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2502" data-file-height="2298" /></a><figcaption>The interior of the basilica</figcaption></figure><p>The church of Santa Maria del Popolo is a Renaissance basilica with a nave and two aisles, and a transept with a central dome. The nave and the aisles have four bays, and they are covered with cross-vaults. There are four piers on each side that support the arches separating the nave from the aisles. Each pillar has four travertine semi-columns, three of them supporting the arches and the vault of the aisles while the taller fourth supports the nave vaults. The semi-columns have Corintianesque capitals with a <a href="/wiki/Palmette" title="Palmette">palmette</a> ornament between the scrolls. There are subtle differences between the capitals in the type of the palmette and the <a href="/wiki/Fleuron_(architecture)" title="Fleuron (architecture)">fleuron</a>. Unlike the column shafts, the capitals are still coated with plaster. </p><p>The original 15th-century architecture was largely preserved by Bernini who only added a strong stone cornice and embellished the arches with pairs of white stucco statues portraying female saints. The first two pairs on the left and the right are medieval monastic founders and reformers, the rest are all early Christian saints and martyrs. Their names are written on the spandrels of the arches with gilt letters. The cross-vaults remained undecorated and simply whitewashed. The keystones in the nave and the transept are decorated with coats of arms of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_IV" title="Pope Sixtus IV">Pope Sixtus IV</a>. The Della Rovere papal escutcheons were also placed on the cornice of the intrados in the first and the last arches of the nave. These stone carvings are gilt and painted. The nave is lit by two rows of large segmental arched clerestory windows with a simple Baroque stone molding and bracketed cornice. Before the Berninian rebuilding the clerestory windows were the same mullioned arched openings like those on the facade and the bell tower. </p><p>The nave ends with a triumphal arch that is decorated with a sumptuous stucco group which was created during the Berninian reconstruction. The papal coat of arms of Alexander VII is seen in the middle flanked by two angel-like <i>Victories</i> holding palm branches who repose on rich garlands of flowers. This group is the work of <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Raggi" title="Antonio Raggi">Antonio Raggi</a>. It should be noted the nave and the transept had a more unified Baroque appearance before the purist restoration of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Mu%C3%B1oz_(Superintendent_of_Monuments_of_Rome)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonio Muñoz (Superintendent of Monuments of Rome) (page does not exist)">Antonio Muñoz</a> in 1912. He removed the thick plaster coat from the shafts of the travertine half-columns that was painted to create an appearance of <a href="/wiki/Cipollino_marble" title="Cipollino marble">cipollino marble</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another lost Baroque feature was created by <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Maria_Mariani" title="Giovanni Maria Mariani">Giovanni Maria Mariani</a> whose name was mentioned regularly in the payments between 1657 and 1658. It is not possible to reconstruct his work in the basilica but he was a specialist of sumptuous ornamental friezes with great figures, festoons and grisailles. Presumably he was tasked with the seamless integration of the real and painted sculpture in the nave and the transept. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pairs_of_saints_in_the_nave">Pairs of saints in the nave</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Pairs of saints in the nave"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seated_Figures_of_Saint_Ursula_and_Saint_Cecilia_MET_DP807880.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Seated_Figures_of_Saint_Ursula_and_Saint_Cecilia_MET_DP807880.jpg/170px-Seated_Figures_of_Saint_Ursula_and_Saint_Cecilia_MET_DP807880.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Seated_Figures_of_Saint_Ursula_and_Saint_Cecilia_MET_DP807880.jpg/255px-Seated_Figures_of_Saint_Ursula_and_Saint_Cecilia_MET_DP807880.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Seated_Figures_of_Saint_Ursula_and_Saint_Cecilia_MET_DP807880.jpg/340px-Seated_Figures_of_Saint_Ursula_and_Saint_Cecilia_MET_DP807880.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1909" data-file-height="2584" /></a><figcaption>The figures of Saint Ursula and Cecilia, sketch from Bernini's workshop in the Metropolitan Museum of Art</figcaption></figure><p>Originally Bernini planned to fill the spaces between the windows and the arches with statues of kneeling angels. These figures appear in several drawings of a sketchbook from his workshop but by 1655 Bernini changed his mind and placed statues of female saints on the cornices. These saintly virgins are leading the eye toward the image of the Virgin on the main altar. The statues were probably designed by Bernini himself, and a supposedly autograph drawing for the figure of Saint Ursula survived in the collection of the <a href="/wiki/Museum_der_bildenden_K%C3%BCnste" title="Museum der bildenden Künste">Museum der bildenden Künste</a> in <a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a>, but his plans were executed by the sculptors of his workshop between August and December 1655. Their different styles could be felt within the unified scheme.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Left side: </p><p><small>1st arch</small> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clare_of_Assisi" title="Clare of Assisi">Saint Clare</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Monstrance" title="Monstrance">monstrance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Scholastica" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Scholastica">Saint Scholastica</a> with a book and a dove</li></ul> <p><i>Nuns and founders of great female monastic orders</i> - Sculptor: <a href="/wiki/Ercole_Ferrata" title="Ercole Ferrata">Ercole Ferrata</a> </p><p><small>2nd arch</small> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Alexandria" title="Catherine of Alexandria">Saint Catherine</a> with a palm branch, crown and the shattered torture machine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Barbara" title="Saint Barbara">Saint Barbara</a> with a palm branch and a tower</li></ul> <p><i>Early Christian martyrs in the age of persecution</i> - Sculptor: <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Raggi" title="Antonio Raggi">Antonio Raggi</a> </p><p><small>3rd arch</small> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Dorothy" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Dorothy">Saint Dorothy</a> with a cherub holding a basket of garden fruits</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Agatha" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Agatha">Saint Agatha</a> with a cherub and a palm branch</li></ul> <p><i>Early Christian virgins and martyrs</i> - Sculptor: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuseppe_Perone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuseppe Perone (page does not exist)">Giuseppe Perone</a> </p><p><small>4th arch</small> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thecla" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Thecla">Saint Thecla</a> with a lion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Apollonia" title="Saint Apollonia">Saint Apollonia</a> with a bear (?)</li></ul> <p><i>Early Christian martyrs who suffered to keep their virginity</i> - Sculptor: <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Raggi" title="Antonio Raggi">Antonio Raggi</a> </p> <table style="background:lightgray; border:1px solid dimgray;color:white" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="10px" cellspacing="0px"> <caption style="background:white; color:black"><i><b>Pairs of female saints - left side</b></i> </caption> <tbody><tr align="center"> <td><figure class="mw-halign-none mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Clare_scholastica.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Clare_scholastica.jpg/207px-Clare_scholastica.jpg" decoding="async" width="207" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Clare_scholastica.jpg/310px-Clare_scholastica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Clare_scholastica.jpg/413px-Clare_scholastica.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5776" data-file-height="3639" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-none mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Catherine_barbara.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Catherine_barbara.jpg/208px-Catherine_barbara.jpg" decoding="async" width="208" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Catherine_barbara.jpg/312px-Catherine_barbara.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Catherine_barbara.jpg/416px-Catherine_barbara.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5885" data-file-height="3684" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-none mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dorothy_agatha.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Dorothy_agatha.jpg/216px-Dorothy_agatha.jpg" decoding="async" width="216" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Dorothy_agatha.jpg/323px-Dorothy_agatha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Dorothy_agatha.jpg/431px-Dorothy_agatha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5810" data-file-height="3509" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-none mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tecla_apollonia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Tecla_apollonia.jpg/213px-Tecla_apollonia.jpg" decoding="async" width="213" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Tecla_apollonia.jpg/319px-Tecla_apollonia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Tecla_apollonia.jpg/426px-Tecla_apollonia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5432" data-file-height="3321" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr align="center" valign="top"> <td width="100"><b> Saints Clare and Scholastica</b> </td> <td width="100"><i><b>Saints Catherine and Barbara</b></i> </td> <td width="100"><i><b>Saints Dorothy and Agatha</b></i> </td> <td width="100"><i><b>Saints Tecla and Apollonia</b></i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Right side: </p><p><small>1st arch</small> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Catherine_of_Siena" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Catherine of Siena">Saint Catherine of Siena</a> with a crucifix</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Teresa_of_%C3%81vila" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Teresa of Ávila">Saint Teresa of Ávila</a> with her heart pierced</li></ul> <p><i>Nuns and religious reformers</i> - Sculptor: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Francesco_de_Rossi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giovanni Francesco de Rossi (page does not exist)">Giovanni Francesco de Rossi</a> </p><p><small>2nd arch</small> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Praxedes" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Praxedes">Saint Praxedes</a> with a sponge and a vessel</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Pudentiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Pudentiana">Saint Pudentiana</a> with a cloth and a vessel</li></ul> <p><i>Ancient Roman sisters who helped the persecuted Christians</i> - Sculptors: <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Paolo_Naldini" title="Pietro Paolo Naldini">Paolo Naldini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lazzaro_Morelli" title="Lazzaro Morelli">Lazzaro Morelli</a> </p><p><small>3rd arch</small> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Cecilia" title="Saint Cecilia">Saint Cecilia</a> with an organ and angel</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Ursula" title="Saint Ursula">Saint Ursula</a> with a banner</li></ul> <p><i>Early Christian virgins and martyrs</i> - Sculptor: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Antonio_Mari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giovanni Antonio Mari (page does not exist)">Giovanni Antonio Mari</a> </p><p><small>4th arch</small> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Agnes" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Agnes">Saint Agnes</a> with a lamb and palm branch</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Martina" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Martina">Saint Martina</a> with a lion and palm branch</li></ul> <p><i>Early Christian virgins and martyrs</i> - Sculptor: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Francesco_de_Rossi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giovanni Francesco de Rossi (page does not exist)">Giovanni Francesco de Rossi</a> </p> <table style="background:lightgray; border:1px solid dimgray;color:white" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="10px" cellspacing="0px"> <caption style="background:white; color:black"><i><b>Pairs of female saints - right side</b></i> </caption> <tbody><tr align="center"> <td><figure class="mw-halign-none mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Catherine_teresa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Catherine_teresa.jpg/211px-Catherine_teresa.jpg" decoding="async" width="211" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Catherine_teresa.jpg/317px-Catherine_teresa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Catherine_teresa.jpg/422px-Catherine_teresa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5294" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-none mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Praxedes_pudentiana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Praxedes_pudentiana.jpg/212px-Praxedes_pudentiana.jpg" decoding="async" width="212" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Praxedes_pudentiana.jpg/318px-Praxedes_pudentiana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Praxedes_pudentiana.jpg/424px-Praxedes_pudentiana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5400" data-file-height="3316" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-none mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cecilia_ursula.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Cecilia_ursula.jpg/193px-Cecilia_ursula.jpg" decoding="async" width="193" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Cecilia_ursula.jpg/290px-Cecilia_ursula.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Cecilia_ursula.jpg/386px-Cecilia_ursula.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4929" data-file-height="3320" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-none mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Agnes_martina.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Agnes_martina.jpg/195px-Agnes_martina.jpg" decoding="async" width="195" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Agnes_martina.jpg/293px-Agnes_martina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Agnes_martina.jpg/390px-Agnes_martina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5011" data-file-height="3342" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr align="center" valign="top"> <td width="100"><b> Saints Catherine and Teresa</b> </td> <td width="100"><i><b>Saints Praxedes and Pudentiana</b></i> </td> <td width="100"><i><b>Saints Cecilia and Ursula</b></i> </td> <td width="100"><i><b>Saints Agnes and Martina</b></i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transept">Transept</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Transept"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Interior_Popolo_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Interior_Popolo_02.JPG/220px-Interior_Popolo_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Interior_Popolo_02.JPG/330px-Interior_Popolo_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Interior_Popolo_02.JPG/440px-Interior_Popolo_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>The junction of the nave and the transept</figcaption></figure><p>Architecturally the transept is similar to the nave with the same quattrocento cross-vaults and half-columns, Baroque stone revetments, cornices and large segmental arched <a href="/wiki/Clerestory" title="Clerestory">clerestory</a> windows. The arms are only one bay long, they end with semicircular apses that were rebuilt by Bernini. The two identical side altars and the majestic organ lofts above the entrance arches of the eastern side chapels were created by his workshop. The side altars are edicules made of different coloured marbles, they are embellished with triangular pediments, Corinthian pilasters, Classical friezes with <a href="/wiki/Acanthus_(ornament)" title="Acanthus (ornament)">acanthus</a> scrolls and flanking angels. The plinths are decorated with the arms of the <a href="/wiki/Chigi_family" title="Chigi family">Chigi family</a> (the princely version on the right-hand altar and the ecclesiastical version with the cardinal hat on the other) while the frontals are particularly rich <a href="/wiki/Pietre_dure" class="mw-redirect" title="Pietre dure">pietre dure</a> stoneworks. </p><p>The first sketches for the four marble angels supporting the altars were drawn by the young <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Gaulli" title="Giovanni Battista Gaulli">Giovanni Battista Gaulli</a>, and the sheets are still preserved in the collection of the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_State_Museums" class="mw-redirect" title="Berlin State Museums">Berlin State Museums</a>. The lively designs were probably toned down before their execution by the sculptors of the workshop. From 1657 to 1658 four sculptors got payments for work on the statues: Antonio Raggi, Ercole Ferrata, Giovanni Antonio Mari and Arrigo Giardè. </p><p>In 1660 inscriptions were placed in the new transept chapels above the side doors that named the two nephews of the pope as founders although the rebuilding of the transept was conceived by the <a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VII" title="Pope Alexander VII">Pope Alexander VII</a> himself and the costs were paid directly by the <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Camera" title="Apostolic Camera">Apostolic Camera</a>. The Altar of the Holy Family belonged to <a href="/wiki/Flavio_Chigi_(1631%E2%80%931693)" title="Flavio Chigi (1631–1693)">Flavio Chigi</a>, who was Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria del Popolo at the time and <a href="/wiki/Cardinal-Nephew" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal-Nephew">Cardinal-Nephew</a> of the pope. The Altar of the Visitation belonged to Agostino Chigi, the Prince of Farnese. The chalice on the Holy Family painting alludes to priesthood, the vocation of the cardinal, while the theme of the Visitation is strongly connected to fertility, something that was expected of the prince who married Maria Virginia Borghese in 1658, the date on the inscriptions, and founded the Roman branch of the Chigi dynasty.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Altar_of_the_Visitation">Altar of the Visitation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Altar of the Visitation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_(Rome)_-_Chapel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_%28Rome%29_-_Chapel.jpg/170px-Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_%28Rome%29_-_Chapel.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_%28Rome%29_-_Chapel.jpg/255px-Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_%28Rome%29_-_Chapel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_%28Rome%29_-_Chapel.jpg/340px-Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_%28Rome%29_-_Chapel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2640" data-file-height="3680" /></a><figcaption>The Altar of the Visitation in the right transept</figcaption></figure><p>The altarpiece on right side altar was painted in 1659 by <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Maria_Morandi" title="Giovanni Maria Morandi">Giovanni Maria Morandi</a>, the favourite portraitist of the Chigi family. The artist got the job thanks to the good offices of his previous patron, Duke Francesco Maria Salviati in 1657. A study for the cherubs holding the wreath of roses in the lower left corner is survived in the <a href="/wiki/Museum_der_bildenden_K%C3%BCnste" title="Museum der bildenden Künste">Museum der bildenden Künste</a> in <a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a>. On the canvas there are no perceptible signs of the Florentine apprenticeship of the painter, it firmly belongs to the artistic world of the Roman seicento dominated by <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Maratta" title="Carlo Maratta">Carlo Maratta</a>, although Emilian influences could also be noticed. </p><p>Curiously Morandi chose not depict the moment of the meeting between Mary and <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_(biblical_figure)" title="Elizabeth (biblical figure)">Elizabeth</a> which is the traditional way to visualize the <a href="/wiki/Visitation_(Christianity)" title="Visitation (Christianity)">Visitation</a>. The painting shows Elizabeth inviting her younger cousin into their home. On the right <a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(priest)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zechariah (priest)">Zechariah</a> takes the bag from the hands of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Saint Joseph</a>. The composition follows along the lines of the more famous painting of the same subject by <a href="/wiki/Federico_Barocci" title="Federico Barocci">Federico Barocci</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_in_Vallicella" title="Santa Maria in Vallicella">Chiesa Nuova</a> (1583–86). Even the colours of the robes of the two women are almost the same. The architectural elements in the painting are characteristically Roman. Instead of a humble house in <a href="/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">Judea</a>, the home of Zechariah and Elizabeth is a monumental edifice with circular steps leading to the entrance door. There are identifiable Roman buildings in the background: the round <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Vesta,_Tivoli" title="Temple of Vesta, Tivoli">Temple of Vesta</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tivoli,_Lazio" title="Tivoli, Lazio">Tivoli</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Castel_Sant%27Angelo" title="Castel Sant'Angelo">Castel Sant'Angelo</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Meta_Romuli" title="Meta Romuli">Meta Romuli</a>. There are cherubs high up in the sky, and the one without wings on his shoulder looks very similar to the sculpted putto supporting the organ loft in the right transept.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The marble statues of the angels supporting the frame of the altar are attributed to Ercole Ferrata (right) and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arrigo_Giard%C3%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arrigo Giardè (page does not exist)">Arrigo Giardè</a> (left). </p> <blockquote><sub><b>Santissima Pietà detta Salerna</b> <p>The chapel in the left transept was called <i>Cappella della Santissima Pietà detta Salerna</i> before the Berninian restructuring. The name referred to the funeral monument of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pietro_Guglielmo_Rocca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pietro Guglielmo Rocca (page does not exist)">Pietro Guglielmo Rocca</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Salerno-Campagna-Acerno" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Salerno-Campagna-Acerno">archbishop of Salerno</a> who died in 1482. His tomb was later relocated to the sacristy. The Pietà in the name referred to the painting on the altar by <a href="/wiki/Jacopino_del_Conte" title="Jacopino del Conte">Jacopino del Conte</a>, the <i>Deposition of Christ into the Sepulchre</i>, which is now kept in the <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Cond%C3%A9" title="Musée Condé">Musée Condé</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chantilly,_Oise" title="Chantilly, Oise">Chantilly</a>. </p><p>The altarpiece was commissioned by the family of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernardino_Elvino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernardino Elvino (page does not exist)">Bernardino Elvino</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Tursi-Lagonegro" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Tursi-Lagonegro">bishop of Anglona</a> and the treasurer of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_III" title="Pope Paul III">Pope Paul III</a> in the years after his death in 1548. <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Baglione" title="Giovanni Baglione">Giovanni Baglione</a> in his description of the church states that it belonged to the same composition as the funeral monument of the bishop by <a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_della_Porta" title="Guglielmo della Porta">Guglielmo della Porta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tomb was eventually relocated to the sacristy corridor while the painting was sold by the Augustinians in 1787. </p> </sub></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Altar_of_the_Holy_Family">Altar of the Holy Family</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Altar of the Holy Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_-_Linkes_Querschiff_Altar_der_Heiligen_Familie.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_-_Linkes_Querschiff_Altar_der_Heiligen_Familie.JPG/170px-Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_-_Linkes_Querschiff_Altar_der_Heiligen_Familie.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_-_Linkes_Querschiff_Altar_der_Heiligen_Familie.JPG/255px-Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_-_Linkes_Querschiff_Altar_der_Heiligen_Familie.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_-_Linkes_Querschiff_Altar_der_Heiligen_Familie.JPG/340px-Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_-_Linkes_Querschiff_Altar_der_Heiligen_Familie.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1558" data-file-height="2372" /></a><figcaption>The Altar of the Holy Family in the right transept</figcaption></figure><p>The altar was executed by stonemason Gabriele Renzi around 1658. The altarpiece for the left side altar was entrusted to <a href="/wiki/Bernardino_Mei" title="Bernardino Mei">Bernardino Mei</a>, a painter from <a href="/wiki/Siena" title="Siena">Siena</a>, who was called to Rome by Pope Alexander VII in 1657 and there he made friends with Bernini. He got 200 scudi for the commission on 11 August 1659. The painting is perfectly adapted to the Berninian ideal of «bel composto». The angel on the right is gracefully aligned with the marble angel supporting the altar. The iconography of the painting is rather complex and departs from the usual representation of the <a href="/wiki/Rest_on_the_Flight_into_Egypt" title="Rest on the Flight into Egypt">Rest on the Flight into Egypt</a>. </p><p>In the middle the infant Jesus receives the message from the angel of God; both the child and the messenger are wearing similar red and white robes. The angel gives a chalice to the infant as the sign of his earthly mission. Jesus is watched by <a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Saint Joseph</a> who is standing behind him protectively. The child has put his right foot on a skull teeming with snakes, and with his left foot he is crushing one of them: the symbol of his triumph over evil and heresy. Mary is leaning on a rocky wall and she is looking up on the sky where cherubs are bringing the <a href="/wiki/Instruments_of_the_Passion" class="mw-redirect" title="Instruments of the Passion">instruments of the Passion</a>, a huge cross, the crown of thorns and the nails. The angel on the left holding a <a href="/wiki/Processional_cross" title="Processional cross">processional cross</a> draped in clothes may be a symbol of resurrection. There is almost nothing on the painting indicating the flight to <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> except a single palm tree in the background. According to tradition this tree gave shelter and nourishment to the Holy Family on their journey. Instead of a serene and bucolic scene Mei emphasized the impending suffering and the divine mission of Jesus. </p><p>The marble statues of the angels supporting the frame of the altar are attributed to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Antonio_Mari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giovanni Antonio Mari (page does not exist)">Giovanni Antonio Mari</a> (left) and <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Raggi" title="Antonio Raggi">Antonio Raggi</a> (right). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organ_lofts">Organ lofts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Organ lofts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_September_2015-6a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_September_2015-6a.jpg/170px-Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_September_2015-6a.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_September_2015-6a.jpg/255px-Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_September_2015-6a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_September_2015-6a.jpg/340px-Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_September_2015-6a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4585" data-file-height="6953" /></a><figcaption>The right organ loft with the original organ-case</figcaption></figure><p>The organ in the right transept was originally built in 1499–1500 by Stefano Pavoni, <i>magister organorum</i> from <a href="/wiki/Salerno" title="Salerno">Salerno</a>; its case was decorated with the coat of arms of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VI" title="Pope Alexander VI">Pope Alexander VI</a> who probably contributed to the expenses. During the Berninian reconstruction of the basilica this instrument was rebuilt by organ master Giuseppe Testa who also created a new organ for the left transept. Both organs has long since disappeared with only the organ-case in the right transept remaining in place. For the left cantoria a modern organ was made by Carlo Vegezzi Bossi which was inaugurated on 23 May 1906. </p><p>Bernini designed two elegant marble <i>cantorie</i> for the instruments which are supported by stucco angels and putti displaying rich garlands of flowers and the coats of arms of Pope Alexander VII. These organ lofts are display cases of the Chigi-Della Rovere dynastic symbols: the central newel post of the balustrade is decorated with the carving of an oak tree, the ancient symbol of the Della Rovere family, while the side pillars bear the mountain and the star symbol of the Chigis which reappear among the gilt wood carvings of the handrail among leafy oak branches. On the remaining organ-case the pipes are carried by four spreading, gnarled branches of a gilt oak tree complete with leaves and acorns. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Popolo_organ_drawing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Popolo_organ_drawing.jpg/170px-Popolo_organ_drawing.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Popolo_organ_drawing.jpg/255px-Popolo_organ_drawing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Popolo_organ_drawing.jpg/340px-Popolo_organ_drawing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="437" data-file-height="735" /></a><figcaption>The second design of the organ-case from Bernini's workshop</figcaption></figure><p>The first design for the organ-case was more traditional with the superposed rows of the pipes set in an architectural framework defined by two columns and an arched pediment decorated with a sculpture group. The oak tree appeared as a tangle of roots, a felled stump and one tendril-like branch twining round the right-hand column as a symbol of natural renewal. A drawing of this design has been preserved in the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Library" title="Vatican Library">Vatican Library</a>. The second design, where the architectural frame has disappeared and the pipes were placed among the branches of a robust and leafy oak tree, is also preserved in the library. Neither of the two drawings can be attributed to Bernini himself but the iconography is closely integrated to his design for the reconstruction of the basilica. </p><p>This naturalistic and marvelous organ-tree could have been inspired by the descriptions of tree-shaped musical instruments in <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantium</a> and the eastern world or the singing fountains of Renaissance gardens in Italy. The tree had a particular significance in the context of Santa Maria del Popolo where the memory of Emperor Nero's evil walnut tree was still vivid. The flourishing oak tree also represented spiritual regeneration and the restoration of the church by the pope as part of his Christian <i>renovatio Romae</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The stucco sculptures under the <i>cantorie</i> were modelled by <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Raggi" title="Antonio Raggi">Antonio Raggi</a> under the supervision of Bernini in 1655–57. There are substantial differences between the two groups. Art historian Mark Weil suggested that the serene and well-composed ornament on the right was designed by Bernini, whereas the playful instability of the other is typical of Raggi's personal style.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dome">Dome</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Dome"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The frescoes of the dome were painted on the underside of an inner brick shell. This thin and light structure was built to create a suitable surface for the painted decoration at an unknown date. The dome and the crossing is lit by eight large semicircular windows. The marble revetment and the double Corinthian pilasters on the side walls of the octagonal tambour appear Berninian, although similar double pilasters are visible on an earlier fresco in the vestibule of the Sala Sistina of the Vatican Library. On the same veduta a walkway with a balustrade is visible at the base of the tambour. This zone is emphasized by a strongly projecting stone cornice with acanthus modillions and varied rosettes. </p><p>The triumphal arch of the chancel is crowned with the painted stucco coat of arms of Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Maria_Sauli" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonio Maria Sauli">Antonio Maria Sauli</a>. The new main altar of the basilica and the redecoration of the arch at the behest of the Genoese cardinal was finished in 1627. The symbol of his family, a displayed eagle is set on an Italian escutcheon decorated with a cherub head and a cross. The coat of arms is supported by two angels portrayed as naked ephebes in an impeccably Classical fashion. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Apse">Apse</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Apse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dome_of_Basilica_of_Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_HDR_reprocessed.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Dome_of_Basilica_of_Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_HDR_reprocessed.jpg/220px-Dome_of_Basilica_of_Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_HDR_reprocessed.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Dome_of_Basilica_of_Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_HDR_reprocessed.jpg/330px-Dome_of_Basilica_of_Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_HDR_reprocessed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Dome_of_Basilica_of_Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_HDR_reprocessed.jpg/440px-Dome_of_Basilica_of_Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_HDR_reprocessed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3498" data-file-height="4063" /></a><figcaption>The dome.</figcaption></figure><p>The apse was designed by <a href="/wiki/Donato_Bramante" title="Donato Bramante">Donato Bramante</a>. The oldest stained glass window in Rome can be found here, made by French artist <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_de_Marcillat" title="Guillaume de Marcillat">Guillaume de Marcillat</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pinturicchio" title="Pinturicchio">Pinturicchio</a> decorated the vault with frescoes, including the <i>Coronation of the Virgin</i>. The tombs of Cardinals <a href="/wiki/Ascanio_Sforza" title="Ascanio Sforza">Ascanio Sforza</a> and <a href="/wiki/Girolamo_Basso_della_Rovere" title="Girolamo Basso della Rovere">Girolamo Basso della Rovere</a>, both made by <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Sansovino" title="Andrea Sansovino">Andrea Sansovino</a>, can also be found in the apse. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Furniture">Furniture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Furniture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The current furniture in the basilica is largely modern like the pews in the nave or the new versus populum altar, the ambo and the lectern in the crossing. However, there are a few pieces of Baroque furniture in the church: two almost identical holy water stoups made of coloured marbles and six wooden confessionals standing by the pillars between the nave and the aisles. These are almost identical pieces with the same basic features: segmental pediments and four double volutes with floral decorations on the sides. Nonetheless there are three different pairs: the two plain ones have no other decoration, the two "Chigi-type" confessionals bear the six mountains symbol of the papal family between two oak branches and have small cherubs for consoles, while the two "Madonna del Popolo-type" confessionals have a small carving of the Madonna and the child in the pediment (although one of carvings is missing). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Side_chapels">Side chapels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Side chapels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:S_Maria_d_Popolo_Plan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/S_Maria_d_Popolo_Plan.jpg/170px-S_Maria_d_Popolo_Plan.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/S_Maria_d_Popolo_Plan.jpg/255px-S_Maria_d_Popolo_Plan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/S_Maria_d_Popolo_Plan.jpg/340px-S_Maria_d_Popolo_Plan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1772" data-file-height="2362" /></a><figcaption>Plan of the basilica; the numbers identify the side chapels</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Della_Rovere_Chapel">Della Rovere Chapel</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Della Rovere Chapel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Della_Rovere_Chapel_(Santa_Maria_del_Popolo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Della Rovere Chapel (Santa Maria del Popolo)">Della Rovere Chapel (Santa Maria del Popolo)</a></div> <p>The Della Rovere (or Nativity) Chapel is the first side chapel on the right aisle. It was furnished by Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Domenico_della_Rovere" title="Domenico della Rovere">Domenico della Rovere</a> from 1477 after the reconstruction of the church by his relative, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_IV" title="Pope Sixtus IV">Pope Sixtus IV</a>. The pictorial decoration is attributed to <a href="/wiki/Pinturicchio" title="Pinturicchio">Pinturicchio</a> and his school. The main altar-piece, <i>The Adoration of the Child with St Jerome</i> is an exquisite autograph work by Pinturicchio himself. The tomb of Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Cristoforo_della_Rovere" title="Cristoforo della Rovere">Cristoforo della Rovere</a> (died in 1478), a work by <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Bregno" title="Andrea Bregno">Andrea Bregno</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mino_da_Fiesole" title="Mino da Fiesole">Mino da Fiesole</a>, was erected by his brother. On the right side the funeral monument of Giovanni de Castro (died 1506) is attributed to <a href="/wiki/Francesco_da_Sangallo" title="Francesco da Sangallo">Francesco da Sangallo</a>. The chapel is one of the best preserved monuments of <a href="/wiki/Quattrocento" title="Quattrocento">quattrocento</a> art in Rome. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cybo_Chapel">Cybo Chapel</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Cybo Chapel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cybo_Chapel_(Santa_Maria_del_Popolo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cybo Chapel (Santa Maria del Popolo)">Cybo Chapel (Santa Maria del Popolo)</a></div> <p>The Cybo Chapel was radically rebuilt by Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Alderano_Cybo" title="Alderano Cybo">Alderano Cybo</a> (1613–1700) between 1682 and 1687 according to the plans of <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Fontana" title="Carlo Fontana">Carlo Fontana</a>. For the beauty of its paintings, the preciousness of marble revetments covering its walls and the importance of the artists involved in its construction the chapel is regarded one of the most significant sacral monuments erected in Rome in the last quarter of the 17th century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Basso_Della_Rovere_Chapel">Basso Della Rovere Chapel</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Basso Della Rovere Chapel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Basso_Della_Rovere_Chapel_(Santa_Maria_del_Popolo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Basso Della Rovere Chapel (Santa Maria del Popolo)">Basso Della Rovere Chapel (Santa Maria del Popolo)</a></div> <p>The Basso Della Rovere Chapel was furnished by <a href="/wiki/Girolamo_Basso_della_Rovere" title="Girolamo Basso della Rovere">Girolamo Basso della Rovere</a> in the 1480s. The architecture is similar to the Chapel of the Nativity and the painted decoration is attributed to Pinturicchio and his workshop. The highlights of the chapel are the great fresco of the <i>Madonna and Child Enthroned with Saints Augustine, Francis, Anthony of Padua and a Holy Monk</i> above the altar, the <i>Assumption of the Virgin Mary</i> on the first wall and the illusionistic monochrome decoration of the pedestal with painted benches and martyrdom scenes. The original <a href="/wiki/Maiolica" title="Maiolica">maiolica</a> floor tiles from <a href="/wiki/Deruta" title="Deruta">Deruta</a> also survived. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Costa_Chapel">Costa Chapel</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Costa Chapel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Costa_Chapel_(Santa_Maria_del_Popolo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Costa Chapel (Santa Maria del Popolo)">Costa Chapel (Santa Maria del Popolo)</a></div> <p>The Costa Chapel follows the same plan as the Della Rovere chapels but it was furnished by Portuguese Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Jorge_da_Costa_(cardinal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jorge da Costa (cardinal)">Jorge da Costa</a> who purchased it in 1488. The most important works of art are the paintings of the lunettes by the school of Pinturicchio depicting the four Fathers of the Church; the marble altar-piece by <a href="/wiki/Gian_Cristoforo_Romano" class="mw-redirect" title="Gian Cristoforo Romano">Gian Cristoforo Romano</a> (c. 1505); and the funeral monument of Cardinal Costa by the school of Andrea Bregno. The bronze and marble funeral monument of <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Foscari" title="Pietro Foscari">Pietro Foscari</a> from 1480 is preserved here. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Montemirabile_Chapel">Montemirabile Chapel</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Montemirabile Chapel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Montemirabile_Chapel_(Santa_Maria_del_Popolo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Montemirabile Chapel (Santa Maria del Popolo)">Montemirabile Chapel (Santa Maria del Popolo)</a></div> <p>The chapel was named after Bishop Giovanni Montemirabile (†1479) and it was transformed into the <a href="/wiki/Baptistery" title="Baptistery">baptistery</a> of the basilica in 1561. The most valuable works of art in the chapel are the aediculae of the baptismal font and the font of the holy oil. These were assembled in 1657 from the 15th-century fragments of a demolished monument which had been created by the Bregno workshop. The tomb of Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Antoniotto_Pallavicini" class="mw-redirect" title="Antoniotto Pallavicini">Antoniotto Pallavicini</a> on the left wall was made by the same workshop in 1501. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chigi_Chapel">Chigi Chapel</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Chigi Chapel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Chigi_Chapel" title="Chigi Chapel">Chigi Chapel</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bernini_Daniel_03.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Bernini_Daniel_03.JPG/170px-Bernini_Daniel_03.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Bernini_Daniel_03.JPG/255px-Bernini_Daniel_03.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Bernini_Daniel_03.JPG/340px-Bernini_Daniel_03.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a><figcaption>Bernini's Daniel in the Chigi Chapel</figcaption></figure><p>Banker <a href="/wiki/Agostino_Chigi" title="Agostino Chigi">Agostino Chigi</a> commissioned <a href="/wiki/Raphael" title="Raphael">Raphael</a> to design and decorate a funerary chapel for him around 1512–1514. The chapel is a treasure trove of Italian Renaissance and Baroque art and is considered among the most important monuments in the basilica. The dome of the centralized octagonal chapel is decorated with Raphael's mosaics, the <a href="/wiki/Creation_of_the_World_(Raphael)" title="Creation of the World (Raphael)">Creation of the World</a>. The statues of <a href="/wiki/Jonah_(Lorenzetto)" title="Jonah (Lorenzetto)"><i>Jonah</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/Elijah_(Lorenzetto)" title="Elijah (Lorenzetto)"><i>Elijah</i></a> were carved by <a href="/wiki/Lorenzetto" title="Lorenzetto">Lorenzetto</a>. The chapel was later completed by <a href="/wiki/Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini" title="Gian Lorenzo Bernini">Gian Lorenzo Bernini</a> for <a href="/wiki/Fabio_Chigi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabio Chigi">Fabio Chigi</a>. His additions include the sculptures of <a href="/wiki/Habakkuk_and_the_Angel_(Bernini)" title="Habakkuk and the Angel (Bernini)"><i>Habakkuk and the Angel</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/Daniel_and_the_Lion_(Bernini)" title="Daniel and the Lion (Bernini)"><i>Daniel and the Lion</i></a>. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mellini_Chapel">Mellini Chapel</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Mellini Chapel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mellini_Chapel_(Santa_Maria_del_Popolo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mellini Chapel (Santa Maria del Popolo)">Mellini Chapel (Santa Maria del Popolo)</a></div> <p>The chapel, which was dedicated to Saint <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_of_Tolentino" title="Nicholas of Tolentino">Nicholas of Tolentino</a>, is one of the original 15th-century hexagonal side chapels of the basilica, but its inner decoration was changed during the later centuries. It has been the funerary chapel of the Mellini family for centuries and contains several monuments among them the works of <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Algardi" title="Alessandro Algardi">Alessandro Algardi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pierre-%C3%89tienne_Monnot" title="Pierre-Étienne Monnot">Pierre-Étienne Monnot</a>. The frescos of the vault were created by <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_da_San_Giovanni" title="Giovanni da San Giovanni">Giovanni da San Giovanni</a> in 1623–27. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cybo-Soderini_Chapel">Cybo-Soderini Chapel</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Cybo-Soderini Chapel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cybo-Soderini_Chapel_(Santa_Maria_del_Popolo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cybo-Soderini Chapel (Santa Maria del Popolo)">Cybo-Soderini Chapel (Santa Maria del Popolo)</a></div> <p>The Chapel of the Crucifixion or the Cybo-Soderini Chapel was remodelled in the Baroque era when a Flemish artist, <a href="/wiki/Pieter_van_Lint" title="Pieter van Lint">Pieter van Lint</a> executed its cycle of frescos on the vault and the lunettes which depict <i>Angels with the Symbols of the Passion</i> and <i>Prophets</i>. Two big frescos on the side walls show scenes from <i>The Legend of the True Cross</i>. There is a 15th-century wooden crucifix above the main altar in a Corinthian aedicule. The chapel was restored by Lorenzo Soderini in 1825. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Theodoli_Chapel">Theodoli Chapel</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Theodoli Chapel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Theodoli_Chapel_(Santa_Maria_del_Popolo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodoli Chapel (Santa Maria del Popolo)">Theodoli Chapel (Santa Maria del Popolo)</a></div> <p>The chapel is a hidden gem of Roman <a href="/wiki/Mannerism" title="Mannerism">Mannerism</a> and a major work painter and stuccoist <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Mazzoni" title="Giulio Mazzoni">Giulio Mazzoni</a>. It was also called Cappella Santa Caterina «del Calice» or «del Cadice» after the classicising marble statue of <a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Alexandria" title="Catherine of Alexandria">Saint Catherine</a> on the altar, the stucco chalices on the spandrels and the title of its patron, Girolamo Theodoli, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_C%C3%A1diz_y_Ceuta" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Cádiz y Ceuta">Bishop of Cádiz</a>. The decoration was originally commissioned by the first owner, Traiano Alicorni in 1555, the work was restarted under a new patron, Girolamo Theodoli in 1569 and finished around 1575. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cerasi_Chapel">Cerasi Chapel</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Cerasi Chapel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cerasi_Chapel" title="Cerasi Chapel">Cerasi Chapel</a></div> <p>The Cerasi Chapel holds two famous canvases painted by <a href="/wiki/Caravaggio" title="Caravaggio">Caravaggio</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_St._Peter_(Caravaggio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crucifixion of St. Peter (Caravaggio)">Crucifixion of St. Peter</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Conversion_on_the_Way_to_Damascus" title="Conversion on the Way to Damascus">Conversion on the Way to Damascus</a></i> (1600–01). These are probably the most important works of art in the basilica. Situated between the two works of Caravaggio is the altarpiece <i><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_the_Virgin_(Cerasi_Chapel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Assumption of the Virgin (Cerasi Chapel)">Assumption of the Virgin</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Annibale_Carracci" title="Annibale Carracci">Annibale Carracci</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Feoli_and_Cicada_Chapels">Feoli and Cicada Chapels</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Feoli and Cicada Chapels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Feoli_and_Cicada_Chapels_(Santa_Maria_del_Popolo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Feoli and Cicada Chapels (Santa Maria del Popolo)">Feoli and Cicada Chapels (Santa Maria del Popolo)</a></div> <p>The two identical chapels opening in the right transept are relatively insignificant in terms of artistic value in comparison with the other side chapels of the church. Both were built during Bernini's intervention in the 17th century but their present decoration is much later. The most significant work of art is the fragmented sepulchral monument of Odoardo Cicada, the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Ajaccio" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Ajaccio">Bishop of Sagona</a> by <a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_della_Porta" title="Guglielmo della Porta">Guglielmo della Porta</a> which is dated around 1545. The tomb, which was originally bigger and more ornate, is located in the Cicada (or Saint Rita) Chapel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monuments">Monuments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Monuments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Monuments_in_the_Basilica_of_Santa_Maria_del_Popolo" title="Monuments in the Basilica of Santa Maria del Popolo">Monuments in the Basilica of Santa Maria del Popolo</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Santa_maria_del_popolo,_monum_a_maria_eleonora_boncompagni_ludovisi,_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Santa_maria_del_popolo%2C_monum_a_maria_eleonora_boncompagni_ludovisi%2C_02.JPG/170px-Santa_maria_del_popolo%2C_monum_a_maria_eleonora_boncompagni_ludovisi%2C_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Santa_maria_del_popolo%2C_monum_a_maria_eleonora_boncompagni_ludovisi%2C_02.JPG/255px-Santa_maria_del_popolo%2C_monum_a_maria_eleonora_boncompagni_ludovisi%2C_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Santa_maria_del_popolo%2C_monum_a_maria_eleonora_boncompagni_ludovisi%2C_02.JPG/340px-Santa_maria_del_popolo%2C_monum_a_maria_eleonora_boncompagni_ludovisi%2C_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1348" data-file-height="2532" /></a><figcaption>Monument of Maria Eleonora Boncompagni</figcaption></figure><p>The church was a favourite burial place for the Roman aristocracy, clergy and literati, especially after Bernini's intervention. Besides the tombs in the side chapels the most notable monuments are: </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Maria_Eleonora_Boncompagni_Ludovisi">Maria Eleonora Boncompagni Ludovisi</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Maria Eleonora Boncompagni Ludovisi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first monument as you enter the basilica is the wall tomb of <a href="/wiki/Maria_Eleonora_I_Boncompagni" title="Maria Eleonora I Boncompagni">Maria Eleonora I Boncompagni</a>, the sovereign <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Piombino" title="Principality of Piombino">Princess of Piombino</a> right by the door on the counterfaçade. The princess died in 1745 after visiting a hospital. Her tomb was designed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Domenico_Gregorini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Domenico Gregorini (page does not exist)">Domenico Gregorini</a> in 1749.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The funeral monument is a typical Late Baroque artwork with distinctly macabre details. On the base there is a winged dragon, the symbol of the <a href="/wiki/Boncompagni" title="Boncompagni">Boncompagni</a> family. The plaque of the epitaph is made of polished, colored stones in <a href="/wiki/Pietre_dure" class="mw-redirect" title="Pietre dure">pietre dure</a>. The inscription is surmounted by the personification of Time (a winged skull), the coat-of-arms of the Principality of Piombino and two allegorical figures (Charity and Meekness). The plaque is set in a white marble frame with a conch in the lower part and a gable at the top with a shell, two flaming torches and another winged skull. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Giovanni_Battista_Gisleni">Giovanni Battista Gisleni</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Giovanni Battista Gisleni"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_September_2015-3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_September_2015-3.jpg/170px-Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_September_2015-3.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_September_2015-3.jpg/255px-Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_September_2015-3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_September_2015-3.jpg/340px-Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_September_2015-3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4533" data-file-height="6715" /></a><figcaption>The lower part of the Gisleni monument</figcaption></figure> <p>The tomb of <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Gisleni" title="Giovanni Battista Gisleni">Giovanni Battista Gisleni</a>, an Italian Baroque architect and stage designer who worked for the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Vasa" title="House of Vasa">Polish royal court</a> during the years 1630–1668, is probably the most macabre funeral monument in the basilica. It is set between a wooden booth and a stone half-column on the right side of the counterfaçade. The memorial was designed and installed by the architect himself in 1670 two years before his death. </p><p>The upper part of the monument is a stone plaque with a long inscription and the portrait of the deceased in a <a href="/wiki/Tondo_(art)" title="Tondo (art)">tondo</a> which was painted by a Flemish portraitist, <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Ferdinand_Voet" title="Jacob Ferdinand Voet">Jacob Ferdinand Voet</a>. There is a painted canopy supported by angels on the wall. The lower part is more interesting: a skeleton is peeping through a window behind an iron grill. The sinister, shrouded figure is facing towards the viewer with his bony hands clutched on his breast. The stone frame of the window is decorated with a coat-of-arms and two bronze medallions. The left one shows a tree with its branches cut but sprouting new shoots and containing a caterpillar spinning its cocoon, while the right one shows the metamorphosis of the caterpillar into a moth. These are the symbols of death and resurrection. The inscriptions convey the same message: <i>In nidulo meo moriar</i> ("in my nest I die" i.e. in the city of Rome) and <i>Ut phoenix multiplicabo dies</i> ("as a phoenix I multiply my days"). There are two enigmatic inscriptions on the upper and lower part of the monument: <i>Neque hic vivus</i> and <i>Neque illic mortuus</i> ("Neither living here, nor dead there"). </p><p>On this tomb the skeleton is not the personification of Death as in other Baroque tombs but a representation of the deceased (the <i>transi</i> image) on his way towards the resurrection and due to this "death became a symbol for life".<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Maria_Flaminia_Odescalchi_Chigi">Maria Flaminia Odescalchi Chigi</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Maria Flaminia Odescalchi Chigi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maria_Flaminia_Odescalchi_Chigi_tomb.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Maria_Flaminia_Odescalchi_Chigi_tomb.JPG/170px-Maria_Flaminia_Odescalchi_Chigi_tomb.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Maria_Flaminia_Odescalchi_Chigi_tomb.JPG/255px-Maria_Flaminia_Odescalchi_Chigi_tomb.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Maria_Flaminia_Odescalchi_Chigi_tomb.JPG/340px-Maria_Flaminia_Odescalchi_Chigi_tomb.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3672" data-file-height="4896" /></a><figcaption>Monument of Maria Flaminia Odescalchi Chigi</figcaption></figure> <p>The funeral monument of Princess Maria Flaminia Odescalchi Chigi is sometimes dubbed the "last Baroque tomb in Rome".<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is probably the most visually stunning, exuberant and theatrical sepulchral monument in the basilica. It was built in 1772 for the young princess, the first wife of Don Sigismondo Chigi Albani della Rovere, the 4th Prince of Farnese, who died in childbirth at the age of 20. It was designed by <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Posi" title="Paolo Posi">Paolo Posi</a>, a Baroque architect who was famous for his ephemeral architecture built for celebrations, and executed by Agostino Penna. The tomb is located by the pillar between the Chigi and Montemirabile Chapels. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Gian_Girolamo_Albani.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Portrait_of_Gian_Girolamo_Albani.JPG/170px-Portrait_of_Gian_Girolamo_Albani.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Portrait_of_Gian_Girolamo_Albani.JPG/255px-Portrait_of_Gian_Girolamo_Albani.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Portrait_of_Gian_Girolamo_Albani.JPG/340px-Portrait_of_Gian_Girolamo_Albani.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3672" data-file-height="4896" /></a><figcaption>The portrait of Cardinal Gian Girolamo Albani by Paracca.</figcaption></figure> <p>The monument shows the influence of <a href="/wiki/Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini" title="Gian Lorenzo Bernini">Bernini</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Memorial_to_Maria_Raggi" title="Memorial to Maria Raggi">tomb for Maria Raggi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_sopra_Minerva" title="Santa Maria sopra Minerva">Santa Maria sopra Minerva</a>. Posi used the heraldic symbols of the Chigi and the Odescalchi to celebrate the intertwining of the two princely families. In the lower part of the monument a white marble Odescalchi lion is climbing a mountain of the Chigi; to the right a smoking incense burner alludes to the Odescalchis again. A gnarled bronze oak tree (Chigi) grows from the mountain with a huge red marble robe on its branches. The robe is hemmed with gold and decorated with an epitaph made of golden letters and also the stars of the Chigi and the incense burners of the Odescalchi at the lower part. In the upper part of the tomb a white marble eagle and two angels are carrying the black and white marble portrait of dead which is set in a richly decorated golden <a href="/wiki/Medaillon_(architecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Medaillon (architecture)">medaillon</a>. </p><p>In the 19th century the monument was dismissed as tawdry. <a href="/wiki/Stendhal" title="Stendhal">Stendhal</a> called it an "outburst of the execrable taste of the 18th century" in his 1827 <i>Promenades dans Rome</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Giovanni_Gerolamo_Albani">Giovanni Gerolamo Albani</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Giovanni Gerolamo Albani"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the most important Mannerist funeral monuments in the basilica is the tomb of Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Gian_Girolamo_Albani" title="Gian Girolamo Albani">Gian Girolamo Albani</a>, an influential politician, jurist, scholar and diplomat in the papal court in the last decades of the 16th century. He died in 1591. The Late Renaissance monument is one of the main works of the Roman sculptor, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Antonio_Paracca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giovanni Antonio Paracca (page does not exist)">Giovanni Antonio Paracca</a>. The bust of the Cardinal is a realistic portrait of the old statesman. He is seen praying with his head turned toward the main altar. Facing this monument the cenotaph of Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Pallavicino" title="Giovanni Battista Pallavicino">Giovanni Battista Pallavicino</a> (1596) is likewise attributed to Paracca. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ludovico_Podocataro">Ludovico Podocataro</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Ludovico Podocataro"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Podocataro_effigy.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Podocataro_effigy.JPG/220px-Podocataro_effigy.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Podocataro_effigy.JPG/330px-Podocataro_effigy.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Podocataro_effigy.JPG/440px-Podocataro_effigy.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="3672" /></a><figcaption>The reclining statute of Cardinal Podocataro with remnants of gilding.</figcaption></figure> <p>The wall tomb of the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriots" title="Greek Cypriots">Cypriot</a> Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Ludovico_Prodocator" title="Ludovico Prodocator">Ludovico Podocataro</a>, secretary and physician of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VI" title="Pope Alexander VI">Pope Alexander VI</a>, is a monumental work of Roman <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_sculpture" title="Renaissance sculpture">Renaissance sculpture</a>. The prominent humanist and papal diplomat was buried on 7 October 1504 with great pomp; the location of the tomb in the right transept was originally close to the funerary chapel of the Borgia family, Podocataro's patrons, but the chapel is no longer extant. </p><p>Originally the monument had a dual function as an altar and tomb. It was probably commissioned by the cardinal between 1497, when he made a donation to the Augustinian church and 1504, his death. The master(s) of the monument are unknown but on stylistic grounds it is assumed to be the work of different groups of sculptors. The architectural composition is traditional and somewhat conservative for the beginning of the 16th century, it follows the models set by <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Bregno" title="Andrea Bregno">Andrea Bregno</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bernardino_Lonati">Bernardino Lonati</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Bernardino Lonati"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The wall tomb of Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Bernardino_Lonati" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernardino Lonati">Bernardino Lonati</a> is similar to the coeval sepulchre of Ludovico Podocataro, and they both belong to the group of monuments from the age of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VI" title="Pope Alexander VI">Pope Alexander VI</a>. The monument was financed by Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Ascanio_Sforza" title="Ascanio Sforza">Ascanio Sforza</a> after the death of his protégée on 7 August 1497, not long after Lonati had led an unsuccessful expedition against the <a href="/wiki/Orsini_family" title="Orsini family">Orsini family</a> by order of the Pope. The architectural composition of the monument follows the models set by <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Bregno" title="Andrea Bregno">Andrea Bregno</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cardinal_Priests">Cardinal Priests</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Cardinal Priests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Santa_Maria_del_Popolo" title="Special:EditPage/Santa Maria del Popolo">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolomeo_Gallio" title="Tolomeo Gallio">Tolomeo Gallio</a> (20 April 1587 – 2 Dec 1587)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scipione_Gonzaga" title="Scipione Gonzaga">Scipione Gonzaga</a> (15 Jan 1588 – 11 Jan 1593)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottavio_Acquaviva_d%27Aragona_(seniore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottavio Acquaviva d'Aragona (seniore)">Ottavio Acquaviva d'Aragona (seniore)</a> (15 March 1593 – 22 Apr 1602)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Mantica" title="Francesco Mantica">Francesco Mantica</a> (17 Jun 1602 – 28 Jan 1614)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filippo_Filonardi" title="Filippo Filonardi">Filippo Filonardi</a> (9 Jul 1614 – 29 Sept 1622)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_Bentivoglio" title="Guido Bentivoglio">Guido Bentivoglio</a> (26 Oct 1622 – 7 May 1635)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lelio_Biscia" title="Lelio Biscia">Lelio Biscia</a> (9 Febr 1637 – 19 Nov 1638)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lelio_Falconieri" title="Lelio Falconieri">Lelio Falconieri</a> (31 Aug 1643 – 14 Dec 1648)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Theodoli" title="Mario Theodoli">Mario Theodoli</a> (28 Jan 1649 – 27 Jun 1650)</li> <li>Fabio Chigi (12 Mar 1652 – 7 Apr 1655), <i>later</i> <a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VII" title="Pope Alexander VII">Pope Alexander VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gian_Giacomo_Teodoro_Trivulzio" title="Gian Giacomo Teodoro Trivulzio">Gian Giacomo Teodoro Trivulzio</a> (14 May 1655 – 3 Aug 1656)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flavio_Chigi_(1631%E2%80%931693)" title="Flavio Chigi (1631–1693)">Flavio Chigi</a> (23 Apr 1657 – 18 Mar 1686)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savio_Mellini" class="mw-redirect" title="Savio Mellini">Savio Mellini</a> (12 Aug 1686 – 12 Dec 1689)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_del_Giudice" title="Francesco del Giudice">Francesco del Giudice</a> (10 Apr 1690 – 30 Mar 1700)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrea_Santacroce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrea Santacroce (page does not exist)">Andrea Santacroce</a> (30 Mar 1700 – 10 May 1712)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agostino_Cusani" title="Agostino Cusani">Agostino Cusani</a> (30 Jan 1713 – 27 Dec 1730)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camillo_Cybo" title="Camillo Cybo">Camillo Cybo</a> (8 Jan 1731 – 20 Dec 1741)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francesco_Ricci_(cardinal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francesco Ricci (cardinal) (page does not exist)">Francesco Ricci</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesco_Ricci_(cardinale)" class="extiw" title="it:Francesco Ricci (cardinale)">it</a>]</span> (23 Sept 1743 – 8 Jan 1755)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Konrad_von_Rodt" class="mw-redirect" title="Franz Konrad von Rodt">Franz Konrad von Rodt</a> (2 Aug 1758 – 16 Oct 1775)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Carlo_Bandi" title="Giovanni Carlo Bandi">Giovanni Carlo Bandi</a> (18 Dec 1775 – 23 March 1784)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Maria_Riminaldi" title="Giovanni Maria Riminaldi">Giovanni Maria Riminaldi</a> (11 Apr 1785 – 29 Jan 1789)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francesco_Maria_Pignatelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francesco Maria Pignatelli (page does not exist)">Francesco Maria Pignatelli</a> (21 Febr 1794 – 2 Apr 1800)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinando_Maria_Saluzzo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferdinando Maria Saluzzo (page does not exist)">Ferdinando Maria Saluzzo</a> (20 Jul 1801 – 28 May 1804)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francesco_Cesarei_Leoni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francesco Cesarei Leoni (page does not exist)">Francesco Cesarei Leoni</a> (1 Oct 1817 – 25 Jul 1830)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Javier_de_Cienfuegos_y_Jovellanos" title="Francisco Javier de Cienfuegos y Jovellanos">Francisco Javier de Cienfuegos y Jovellanos</a> (28 Febr 1831 – 21 Jun 1847)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques-Marie_Antoine_C%C3%A9lestin_Dupont&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques-Marie Antoine Célestin Dupont (page does not exist)">Jacques-Marie Antoine Célestin Dupont</a> (4 Oct 1847 – 26 May 1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Sacconi" title="Carlo Sacconi">Carlo Sacconi</a> (30 Sept 1861 – 8 Oct 1870)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flavio_Chigi_(1810%E2%80%931885)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flavio Chigi (1810–1885) (page does not exist)">Flavio Chigi</a> (15 Jun 1874 – 15 Febr 1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Capecelatro_di_Castelpagano" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfonso Capecelatro di Castelpagano">Alfonso Capecelatro di Castelpagano</a> (15 Jan 1886 – 14 Nov 1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Cos_y_Macho" title="José Cos y Macho">José Cos y Macho</a> (2 Dec 1912 – 17 Dec 1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Soldevila_y_Romero" title="Juan Soldevila y Romero">Juan Soldevila y Romero</a> (15 Dec 1919 – 4 Jun 1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_William_Mundelein" class="mw-redirect" title="George William Mundelein">George William Mundelein</a> (27 Marc 1924 – 2 Oct 1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Charles_McGuigan" class="mw-redirect" title="James Charles McGuigan">James Charles McGuigan</a> (18 Febr 1946 – 8 Apr 1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyacinthe_Thiandoum" title="Hyacinthe Thiandoum">Hyacinthe Thiandoum</a> (24 May 1976 – 18 May 2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanislaw_Dziwisz" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanislaw Dziwisz">Stanislaw Dziwisz</a> (24 March 2006 – present)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_medieval_Arabic_and_Western_European_domes" title="History of medieval Arabic and Western European domes">History of medieval Arabic and Western European domes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Italian_Renaissance_domes" title="History of Italian Renaissance domes">History of Italian Renaissance domes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_early_modern_period_domes" title="History of early modern period domes">History of early modern period domes</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ambrogio Landucci, cited by Alessandro Locchi: La vicenda della sepoltura di Nerone. in: Fabrizio Vistoli (ed.): Tomba di Nerone. Toponimo, comprensorio e zona urbanistica di Roma Capitale, Rome, Edizioni Nuova Cultura, 2012, pp. 111–112</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Iacobo de Albericis (Giacomo Alberici): Historiarum sanctissimae et gloriosissimae virginis deiparae de populo almae urbis compendium, Roma, Nicolai Mutij (Nicolo Muzi), 1599, pp. 1–10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ambrogio Landucci:Origine del tempio dedicato in Roma alla Vergine Madre di Dio Maria, presso alla Porta Flaminia, detto hoggi del popolo, Roma, Franceso Moneta, 1646, pp. 7–20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ottavio Panciroli: Tesori nascosti dell'alma citta' di Roma, Rome, Heredi di Alessandro Zannetti, 1625, p. 449</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Santa Maria del Popolo a Roma, ed. E. Bentivoglio and S. Valtieri, Bari-Roma, 1976, p. 203.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nikolaus Muffel: Beschreibung der Stadt Rom, herausg. Wilhelm Vogt, Literarischer Verein, Stuttgart, 1876, p. 53</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Pilgrimage of Arnold Von Harff (ed. and trans. Malcolm Letts), London, The Hakluyt Society, 1946, pp. 34–35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Platner & Ashby: “Sepulcrum Domitiorum”, in Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome, London, 1929, p. 479</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kai-Michael Sprenger: The Tiara in the Tiber. An Essay on the <i>damnatio in memoria</i> of Clement III (1084–1100) and Rome’s River as a Place of Oblivion and Memory, Reti Medievali Rivista, 13, 1 (2012), pp. 164–168</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mariano Armellini: Le chiese di Roma dal secolo IV al XIX, Tipografia Vaticana, 1891, p. 320</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Landucci, pp. 76–77</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul Fabre: Un nouveau catalogue des Églises de Rome, Mélanges d'archéologie et d'histoire, 1887, Vol. 7, p. 437</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Anne_Dunlop" title="Anne Dunlop">Anne Dunlop</a>: Pinturicchio and the Pilgrims: Devotion and the Past at Santa Maria Del Popolo, Papers of the British School at Rome, 2003, p. 267, citing Oliger: 'De fratribus minoribus apud S. Mariae Populi Romae a. 1250 habitantibus', Archivum Franciscanum Historicum, 18 (1925)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Francis Roth: Il Cardinale Riccardo degli Annibaldi, primo protettore dell'ordine agostiniano, in: Augustiniana vol. 2-3 (1952-53)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The inscription was already recorded by Fioravante Martinelli: Roma ricercata, 1658, p. 302</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Claudia Bolgia: Icons 'in the Air': New Settings for the Sacred in Medieval Rome, in: Architecture and Pilgrimage, 1000-1500. Southern Europe and Beyond, Routledge, 2016, p. 134</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Katherine Walsh: The Obsevance: Sources for a History of the Observant Reform Movement in the Order of Augustinian Friars in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries, in: Rivista di storia della chiesa in Italia XXXI, 1977, Herder, Rome, pp. 59, 62, 64–65</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jill E. Blondin: Power Made Visible: Pope Sixtus IV as "Urbis Restaurator" in Quattrocento Rome, The Catholic Historical Review Vol. 91, No. 1, pp. 1–25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Piero Tomei: L'architettura a Roma nel Quattrocento, Roma, Casa Editrice Fratelli Palombi, 1942, p. 148</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Landucci, pp. 22–23</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lisa Passaglia Bauman: <i>Piety and Public Consumption: Domenico, Girolamo, and Julius II della Rovere at Santa Maria del Popolo</i>, in: Patronage and Dynasty: The Rise of the Della Rovere in Renaissance Italy, ed. Ian F. Verstegen, Truman State University Press, 2007, p. 40</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Loren Partridge and Randolph Starn: A Renaissance Likeness: Art and Culture in Raphael's Julius II, University of California Press, 1980, p. 96</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hans Schneider: Martin Luthers Reise nach Rom – neu datiert und neu gedeutet. In: Werner Lehfeldt (Hrsg.): Studien zur Wissenschafts- und zur Religionsgeschichte, De Gruyter, Berlin/New York 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Heinz Schilling: Martin Luther: Rebel in an Age of Upheaval, transl. Rona Johnston, Oxford University Press, 2017, p. 81</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vicariatusurbis.org/?page_id=188&ID=8">"Diocesi di Roma"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Diocesi+di+Roma&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vicariatusurbis.org%2F%3Fpage_id%3D188%26ID%3D8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanta+Maria+del+Popolo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Volker Reinhardt: Der unheimliche Papst: Alexander VI. Borgia 1431-1503, Verlag C.H. Beck, 2007, p. 53</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Le cose maravigliose dell'alma citta di Roma anfiteatro del mondo</i>, Gio. Antonio Franzini herede di Girolamo Franzini, 1600, Roma, p. 27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aloisio Antinori: <i>La magnificenza e l'utile: Progetto urbano e monarchia papale nella Roma del Seicento</i>, Gangemi Editore, 2008, pp. 108–109</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stefan Grundmann, Ulrich Fürst: <i>The Architecture of Rome: An Architectural History in 400 Individual Presentations</i>, Axel Menges, 1998 p. 105</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Boffa: Artistic Identity Set In Stone: Italian Sculptors' Signatures c. 1250-1550, 2011, pp. 87–88</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Federico Bellini: <i>La cupola nel Quattrocento</i>, in: Santa Maria del Popolo. Storia e restauri, ed. Ilaria Miarelli Mariani, Maria Richiello, Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato, 2009, pp. 368–381</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Antonio Muñoz: Nelle chiese di Roma. Ritrovamenti e restauri, Bollettino d'Arte, 1912 - X, p. 383</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jennifer Montagu: Bernini Sculptures Not by Bernini, in: Irving Lavin (ed.): Gianlorenzo Bernini: New Aspects of His Art and Thought, The Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park and London, 1985, pp. 28–29</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jacob Bean: 17th Century Italian Drawings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1979, p. 43</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Felix Ackermann, Berninis Umgestaltung des Innenraums von Santa Maria del Popolo unter Alexander VII. (1655–1659), in: Römisches Jahrbuch der Bibliotheca Hertziana 1996, pp. 416–417</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ilaria Miarelli Mariani: La pittura, in Santa Maria del Popolo. Storia e restauri, eds. Ilaria Miarelli-Mariani and Maria Richiello, Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato, 2009., pp. 127–129</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michela Corso: Jacopino del Conte nel contesto artistico romano tra gli anni trenta e gli anni cinquanta del Cinquecento, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, 2014, pp. 225–227</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">George Bauer and Linda Bauer: Bernini's Organ-Case for S. Maria del Popolo, The Art Bulletin, Vol. 62, No. 1 (Mar., 1980), pp. 115–123</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mark Weil: The history and decoration of the Ponte S. Angelo, Pennsylvania State University Press, 1974, pp. 73–74</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Claudio De Dominicis: <i>Carlo De Dominicis, architetto del Settecento romano</i> (Roma, 2006) p. 74</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kathleen Cohen: Metamorphosis of a Death Symbol: <i>The Transi Tombs in the Late Middle Ages and the Renaissance</i> (University of California Press, Berkeley-Los Angeles-London) p. 185</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://romeartlover.tripod.com/Popolo.html">"The Last Baroque Tomb"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Last+Baroque+Tomb&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fromeartlover.tripod.com%2FPopolo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanta+Maria+del+Popolo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stendhal: <i>Promenade dans Rome</i>, Vol. 1 (Editions Jérôme Millon, 1993), p. 120</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Books">Books</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Raffaele Colantuoni, <i>La chiesa di S. Maria del Popolo negli otto secoli dalla prima sua fondazione, 1099-1899: storia e arte</i> (Roma: Desclée, Lefebvre, 1899).</li> <li>John K. G. Shearman, <i>The Chigi Chapel in S. Maria Del Popolo</i> (London: Warburg Institute, 1961).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_del_Popolo&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rubens.anu.edu.au/htdocs/bycountry/italy/rome/popolo/">SM del Popolo: A Multimedia Presentation of the church and its setting</a>, Australian National University</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webvisionitaly.com/category.php?id=305&ref_genre=&ref_item=468">Santa Maria del Popolo Video Introduction</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sacred-destinations.com/italy/rome-santa-maria-del-popolo">Santa Maria del Popolo</a>, article and photos at Sacred Destinations</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.romeartlover.it/Vasi21.htm">Piazza del Popolo</a>, at "Rome Art Lover"</li></ul> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Santa_Maria_del_Popolo_(Rome)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Santa Maria del Popolo (Rome)">Santa Maria del Popolo (Rome)</a> at Wikimedia Commons </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Basilicas_in_the_Diocese_of_Rome" title="Template:Basilicas in the Diocese of Rome"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Basilicas_in_the_Diocese_of_Rome" title="Template talk:Basilicas in the Diocese of Rome"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Basilicas_in_the_Diocese_of_Rome" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Basilicas in the Diocese of Rome"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Basilicas_in_the_Diocese_of_Rome" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Churches_of_Rome" title="Churches of Rome">Basilicas</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Rome" title="Diocese of Rome">Diocese of Rome</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#fff200"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_ecclesiastical_province_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic ecclesiastical province of Rome">Roman Catholic ecclesiastical province of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Major_basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Major basilica">Major</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archbasilica_of_Saint_John_Lateran" title="Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran">Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_Maggiore" title="Santa Maria Maggiore">Basilica of Saint Mary Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint_Paul_Outside_the_Walls" title="Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls">Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Vatican_City_(2023%E2%80%93present).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Coat_of_arms_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Coat_of_arms_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Coat_of_arms_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1137" data-file-height="1266" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minor_basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Minor basilica">Minor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint_Lawrence_outside_the_Walls" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of Saint Lawrence outside the Walls">S. Lorenzo fuori le mura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Agnese_fuori_le_mura" title="Sant'Agnese fuori le mura">S. Agnese fuori le mura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Sant%27Agostino" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of Sant'Agostino">S. Agostino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_di_Sant%27Anastasia_al_Palatino" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica di Sant'Anastasia al Palatino">S. Anastasia al Palatino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Andrea_delle_Fratte" title="Sant'Andrea delle Fratte">S. Andrea delle Fratte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Andrea_della_Valle" title="Sant'Andrea della Valle">S. Andrea della Valle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Antonio_da_Padova_in_Via_Merulana" title="Sant'Antonio da Padova in Via Merulana">S. Antonio da Padova in Via Merulana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Apollinare_alle_Terme_Neroniane-Alessandrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Sant'Apollinare alle Terme Neroniane-Alessandrine">S. Apollinare alle Terme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santi_Apostoli,_Rome" title="Santi Apostoli, Rome">Ss. Apostoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Balbina" title="Santa Balbina">S. Balbina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Bartolomeo_all%27Isola" title="San Bartolomeo all'Isola">S. Bartolomeo all'Isola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santi_Bonifacio_ed_Alessio" title="Santi Bonifacio ed Alessio">Ss. Bonifacio ed Alessio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Camillo_de_Lellis" title="San Camillo de Lellis">S. Camillo de Lellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Ambrogio_e_Carlo_al_Corso" title="Sant'Ambrogio e Carlo al Corso">S. Carlo al Corso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cecilia_in_Trastevere" title="Santa Cecilia in Trastevere">S. Cecilia in Trastevere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santi_Celso_e_Giuliano" title="Santi Celso e Giuliano">Ss. Celso e Giuliano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_San_Clemente" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of San Clemente">S. Clemente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santi_Cosma_e_Damiano,_Rome" title="Santi Cosma e Damiano, Rome">Ss. Cosma e Damiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Crisogono,_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="San Crisogono, Rome">S. Crisogono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Croce_in_Via_Flaminia" title="Santa Croce in Via Flaminia">S. Croce in Via Flaminia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Croce_in_Gerusalemme" title="Santa Croce in Gerusalemme">S. Croce in Gerusalemme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Eugenio" title="Sant'Eugenio">S. Eugenio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Eustachio" title="Sant'Eustachio">S. Eustachio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Francesca_Romana,_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Francesca Romana, Rome">S. Francesca Romana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Giovanni_a_Porta_Latina" title="San Giovanni a Porta Latina"> S. Giovanni a Porta Latina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Giovanni_Bosco_in_Via_Tuscolana" title="San Giovanni Bosco in Via Tuscolana">S. Giovanni Bosco in Via Tuscolana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Giovanni_dei_Fiorentini" title="San Giovanni dei Fiorentini">S. Giovanni dei Fiorentini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santi_Giovanni_e_Paolo,_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Santi Giovanni e Paolo, Rome">Ss. Giovanni e Paolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Giuseppe_al_Trionfale" title="San Giuseppe al Trionfale">S. Giuseppe al Trionfale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Lorenzo_in_Damaso" title="San Lorenzo in Damaso">S. Lorenzo in Damaso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Lorenzo_in_Lucina" title="San Lorenzo in Lucina">S. Lorenzo in Lucina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_Ausiliatrice,_Rome" title="Santa Maria Ausiliatrice, Rome">S. Maria Ausiliatrice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marco,_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="San Marco, Rome">S. Marco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_degli_Angeli_e_dei_Martiri" title="Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri">S. Maria degli Angeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_in_Cosmedin" title="Santa Maria in Cosmedin">S. Maria in Cosmedin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_in_Domnica" title="Santa Maria in Domnica">S. Maria in Domnica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_in_Aracoeli" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Maria in Aracoeli">S. Maria in Aracoeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Santa_Maria_del_Popolo" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of Santa Maria del Popolo">S. Maria del Popolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_sopra_Minerva" title="Santa Maria sopra Minerva">S. Maria sopra Minerva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_in_Trastevere" title="Santa Maria in Trastevere">S. Maria in Trastevere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_in_Via" title="Santa Maria in Via">S. Maria in Via</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_in_Via_Lata" title="Santa Maria in Via Lata">S. Maria in Via Lata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_della_Vittoria,_Rome" title="Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome">S. Maria della Vittoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Martino_ai_Monti" title="San Martino ai Monti">S. Martino ai Monti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santi_Nereo_e_Achilleo" title="Santi Nereo e Achilleo">Ss. Nereo e Achilleo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Nicola_in_Carcere" title="San Nicola in Carcere">S. Nicola in Carcere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Pancrazio" title="San Pancrazio">S. Pancrazio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantheon,_Rome" title="Pantheon, Rome">Pantheon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Pietro_in_Vincoli" title="San Pietro in Vincoli">S. Pietro in Vincoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Prassede" title="Santa Prassede">S. Prassede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Pudenziana" title="Santa Pudenziana">S. Pudenziana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santi_Quattro_Coronati" title="Santi Quattro Coronati">Ss. Quattro Coronati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Saba,_Rome" title="San Saba, Rome">S. Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Sabina" title="Santa Sabina">S. Sabina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacro_Cuore_di_Maria" title="Sacro Cuore di Maria">Sacro Cuore di Maria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacro_Cuore_di_Cristo_Re" title="Sacro Cuore di Cristo Re">Sacro Cuore di Cristo Re</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacro_Cuore_di_Ges%C3%B9_a_Castro_Pretorio" title="Sacro Cuore di Gesù a Castro Pretorio">Sacro Cuore di Gesù a Castro Pretorio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Sebastiano_fuori_le_mura" title="San Sebastiano fuori le mura">S. Sebastiano fuori le mura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Silvestro_in_Capite" title="San Silvestro in Capite">S. Silvestro in Capite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_San_Sisto_Vecchio" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of San Sisto Vecchio">S. Sisto Vecchio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Sofia_a_Via_Boccea" title="Santa Sofia a Via Boccea">S. Sofia a Via Boccea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Stefano_al_Monte_Celio" title="Santo Stefano al Monte Celio">S. Stefano Rotondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Teresa,_Rome" title="Santa Teresa, Rome">S. Teresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Vitale,_Rome" title="San Vitale, Rome">S. Vitale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#fff200"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecclesiastical_basilicas_in_Rome" title="List of ecclesiastical basilicas in Rome">Basilicas list</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:95%; clear: both;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;">Preceded by<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_in_Ara_Coeli" title="Santa Maria in Ara Coeli">Santa Maria in Ara Coeli</a></b> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><b>Landmarks of Rome</b><br />Santa Maria del Popolo </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;">Succeeded by<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_sopra_Minerva" title="Santa Maria sopra Minerva">Santa Maria sopra Minerva</a></b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Landmarks_of_Rome" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monuments_of_Rome" title="Template:Monuments of Rome"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monuments_of_Rome" title="Template talk:Monuments of Rome"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monuments_of_Rome" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monuments of Rome"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Landmarks_of_Rome" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_monuments_in_Rome" title="List of ancient monuments in Rome">Landmarks of Rome</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; line-height:1.1em;">Walls and gates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aurelian_Walls" title="Aurelian Walls">Aurelian Walls</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Ardeatina" title="Porta Ardeatina">Ardeatina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Asinaria" title="Porta Asinaria">Asinaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Latina" title="Porta Latina">Latina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Maggiore" title="Porta Maggiore">Maggiore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Metronia" title="Porta Metronia">Metronia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Nomentana" title="Porta Nomentana">Nomentana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Pia" title="Porta Pia">Pia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Pinciana" title="Porta Pinciana">Pinciana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_del_Popolo" title="Porta del Popolo">Popolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Portese" title="Porta Portese">Portese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_San_Pancrazio" title="Porta San Pancrazio">San Pancrazio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_San_Paolo" title="Porta San Paolo">San Paolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_San_Giovanni_(Rome)" title="Porta San Giovanni (Rome)">San Giovanni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_San_Sebastiano" title="Porta San Sebastiano">San Sebastiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Settimiana" title="Porta Settimiana">Settimiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Tiburtina" title="Porta Tiburtina">Tiburtina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonine_City" title="Leonine City">Leonine Wall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Cavalleggeri" title="Porta Cavalleggeri">Cavalleggeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Pertusa" title="Porta Pertusa">Pertusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Santo_Spirito" title="Porta Santo Spirito">Santo Spirito</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castra_Praetoria" title="Castra Praetoria">Castra Praetoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janiculum_walls" title="Janiculum walls">Janiculum Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murus_Terreus" title="Murus Terreus">Terreus Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murus_Romuli" title="Murus Romuli">Romuli Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servian_Wall" title="Servian Wall">Servian Wall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Caelimontana" title="Porta Caelimontana">Caelimontana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Capena" title="Porta Capena">Capena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Collina" title="Porta Collina">Collina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Dolabella" title="Arch of Dolabella">Dolabella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Esquilina" title="Porta Esquilina">Esquilina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Fontinalis" title="Porta Fontinalis">Fontinalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Gallienus" title="Arch of Gallienus">Gallienus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Viminale" title="Porta Viminale">Viminale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Naevia" title="Porta Naevia">Naevia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Querquetulana" title="Porta Querquetulana">Querquetulana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Trigemina" title="Porta Trigemina">Trigemina</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; line-height:1.1em;">Ancient <a href="/wiki/List_of_obelisks_in_Rome" title="List of obelisks in Rome">obelisks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lateran_Obelisk" title="Lateran Obelisk">Lateran Obelisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flaminio_Obelisk" title="Flaminio Obelisk">Flaminian Obelisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elephant_and_Obelisk" title="Elephant and Obelisk">Obelisk of Minerveo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obelisk_of_Montecitorio" title="Obelisk of Montecitorio">Obelisk of Montecitorio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_monuments_in_Rome" title="List of ancient monuments in Rome">Ancient Roman<br />landmarks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:right;">Triumphal arches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Constantine" title="Arch of Constantine">Arch of Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Dolabella" title="Arch of Dolabella">Arch of Dolabella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Drusus" title="Arch of Drusus">Arch of Drusus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Gallienus" title="Arch of Gallienus">Arch of Gallienus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Janus" title="Arch of Janus">Arch of Janus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Septimius_Severus" title="Arch of Septimius Severus">Arch of Septimius Severus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Titus" title="Arch of Titus">Arch of Titus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arcus_Novus" title="Arcus Novus">Arcus Novus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:right;">Aqueducts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aqua_Appia" title="Aqua Appia">Aqua Appia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aqua_Alexandrina" title="Aqua Alexandrina">Aqua Alexandrina</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aqua_Anio_Vetus" title="Aqua Anio Vetus">Aqua Anio Vetus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aqua_Anio_Novus" title="Aqua Anio Novus">Aqua Anio Novus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aqua_Claudia" title="Aqua Claudia">Aqua Claudia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aqua_Julia" title="Aqua Julia">Aqua Julia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aqua_Marcia" title="Aqua Marcia">Aqua Marcia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aqua_Tepula" title="Aqua Tepula">Aqua Tepula</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:right;">Sewers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cloaca_Maxima" title="Cloaca Maxima">Cloaca Maxima</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cloaca_Circi_Maximi" title="Cloaca Circi Maximi">Cloaca Circi Maximi</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:right;">Public baths</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baths_of_Agrippa" title="Baths of Agrippa">Baths of Agrippa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baths_of_Caracalla" title="Baths of Caracalla">Baths of Caracalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baths_of_Diocletian" title="Baths of Diocletian">Baths of Diocletian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baths_of_Nero" title="Baths of Nero">Baths of Nero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baths_of_Trajan" title="Baths of Trajan">Baths of Trajan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:right;">Religious</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ara_Pacis" title="Ara Pacis">Ara Pacis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Antoninus_and_Faustina" title="Temple of Antoninus and Faustina">Temple of Antoninus and Faustina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Apollo_Palatinus" title="Temple of Apollo Palatinus">Temple of Apollo Palatinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Apollo_Sosianus" title="Temple of Apollo Sosianus">Temple of Apollo Sosianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Hadrian" title="Temple of Hadrian">Temple of Hadrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Hercules_Victor" title="Temple of Hercules Victor">Temple of Hercules Victor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Janus_(Forum_Holitorium)" title="Temple of Janus (Forum Holitorium)">Temple of Janus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Jupiter_Optimus_Maximus" title="Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus">Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Jupiter_Tonans" title="Temple of Jupiter Tonans">Temple of Jupiter Tonans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Minerva_Medica_(nymphaeum)" title="Temple of Minerva Medica (nymphaeum)">Temple of Minerva Medica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Portunus" title="Temple of Portunus">Temple of Portunus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Saturn" title="Temple of Saturn">Temple of Saturn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Vesta" title="Temple of Vesta">Temple of Vesta</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_the_Vestals" title="House of the Vestals">House of the Vestals</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Largo_di_Torre_Argentina" title="Largo di Torre Argentina">Largo di Torre Argentina</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lupercal" title="Lupercal">Lupercal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantheon,_Rome" title="Pantheon, Rome">Pantheon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Maggiore_Basilica" title="Porta Maggiore Basilica">Porta Maggiore Basilica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:right;">Fora</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Forum" title="Roman Forum">Roman Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_fora" title="Imperial fora">Imperial fora</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forum_of_Augustus" title="Forum of Augustus">Forum of Augustus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forum_of_Caesar" title="Forum of Caesar">Forum of Caesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forum_of_Nerva" title="Forum of Nerva">Forum of Nerva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Peace,_Rome" title="Temple of Peace, Rome">Forum of Vespasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajan%27s_Forum" title="Trajan's Forum">Trajan's Forum</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Forum_Boarium" title="Forum Boarium">Forum Boarium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Forum_Holitorium" title="Forum Holitorium">Forum Holitorium</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:right;">Civic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Basilica_Argentaria" title="Basilica Argentaria">Basilica Argentaria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Basilica_Julia" title="Basilica Julia">Basilica Julia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Junius_Bassus" title="Basilica of Junius Bassus">Basilica of Junius Bassus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Maxentius" title="Basilica of Maxentius">Basilica of Maxentius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Neptune" title="Basilica of Neptune">Basilica of Neptune</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Basilica_Ulpia" title="Basilica Ulpia">Basilica Ulpia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Comitium" title="Comitium">Comitium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Curia_Julia" title="Curia Julia">Curia Julia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portico_Dii_Consentes" title="Portico Dii Consentes">Portico Dii Consentes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Porticus_Octaviae" title="Porticus Octaviae">Porticus Octaviae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tabularium" title="Tabularium">Tabularium</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:right;">Entertainment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circus_Maximus" title="Circus Maximus">Circus Maximus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circus_of_Maxentius" title="Circus of Maxentius">Circus of Maxentius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circus_of_Nero" title="Circus of Nero">Circus of Nero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colosseum" title="Colosseum">Colosseum</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ludus_Magnus" title="Ludus Magnus">Ludus Magnus</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardens_of_Maecenas" title="Gardens of Maecenas">Gardens of Maecenas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardens_of_Sallust" title="Gardens of Sallust">Gardens of Sallust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stadium_of_Domitian" title="Stadium of Domitian">Stadium of Domitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Marcellus" title="Theatre of Marcellus">Theatre of Marcellus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Pompey" title="Theatre of Pompey">Theatre of Pompey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:right;">Palaces and <i>villae</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Domus_Augustana" title="Domus Augustana">Domus Augustana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Domus_Aurea" title="Domus Aurea">Domus Aurea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Domus_Transitoria" title="Domus Transitoria">Domus Transitoria</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flavian_Palace" title="Flavian Palace">Flavian Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Augustus" title="House of Augustus">House of Augustus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Domitian" title="Palace of Domitian">Palace of Domitian</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Villa_Gordiani" title="Villa Gordiani">Villa Gordiani</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_of_Livia" title="Villa of Livia">Villa of Livia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Insula_dell%27Ara_Coeli" title="Insula dell'Ara Coeli">Insula dell'Ara Coeli</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_of_the_Quintilii" title="Villa of the Quintilii">Villa of the Quintilii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_dei_Sette_Bassi" title="Villa dei Sette Bassi">Villa of the <i>sette bassi</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:right;">Column monuments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Column_of_Antoninus_Pius" title="Column of Antoninus Pius">Column of Antoninus Pius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Column_of_Marcus_Aurelius" title="Column of Marcus Aurelius">Column of Marcus Aurelius</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Column_of_Phocas" title="Column of Phocas">Column of Phocas</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajan%27s_Column" title="Trajan's Column">Trajan's Column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-Columns_Monument" title="Five-Columns Monument">Five-Columns Monument</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:right;">Commerce</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Porticus_Aemilia" title="Porticus Aemilia">Porticus Aemilia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajan%27s_Market" title="Trajan's Market">Trajan's Market</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:right;">Tombs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Casal_Rotondo" title="Casal Rotondo">Casal Rotondo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catacombs_of_Domitilla" title="Catacombs of Domitilla">Catacombs of Domitilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catacombs_of_Rome" title="Catacombs of Rome">Catacombs of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catacombs_of_San_Sebastiano" title="Catacombs of San Sebastiano">Catacombs of San Sebastiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbarium_of_Pomponius_Hylas" title="Columbarium of Pomponius Hylas">Columbarium of Pomponius Hylas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Augustus" title="Mausoleum of Augustus">Mausoleum of Augustus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Helena" title="Mausoleum of Helena">Mausoleum of Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Maxentius" title="Mausoleum of Maxentius">Mausoleum of Maxentius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramid_of_Cestius" title="Pyramid of Cestius">Pyramid of Cestius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Eurysaces_the_Baker" title="Tomb of Eurysaces the Baker">Tomb of Eurysaces the Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Hilarus_Fuscus" title="Tomb of Hilarus Fuscus">Tomb of Hilarus Fuscus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Haterii" title="Tomb of the Haterii">Tomb of the Haterii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Scipios" title="Tomb of the Scipios">Tomb of the Scipios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tombs_of_Via_Latina" title="Tombs of Via Latina">Tombs of Via Latina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Priscilla" title="Tomb of Priscilla">Tomb of Priscilla</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vigna_Randanini" title="Vigna Randanini">Vigna Randanini</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:right;">Bridges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pons_Cestius" title="Pons Cestius">Pons Cestius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pons_Fabricius" title="Pons Fabricius">Pons Fabricius</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponte_Milvio" title="Ponte Milvio">Ponte Milvio</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ponte_Sant%27Angelo" title="Ponte Sant'Angelo">Ponte Sant'Angelo</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Churches_of_Rome" title="Churches of Rome">Roman Catholic<br />basilicas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archbasilica_of_Saint_John_Lateran" title="Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran">Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_Maggiore" title="Santa Maria Maggiore">Basilica of Saint Mary Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint_Paul_Outside_the_Walls" title="Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls">Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Lorenzo_fuori_le_mura" title="San Lorenzo fuori le mura">S. Lorenzo fuori le mura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Agnese_fuori_le_mura" title="Sant'Agnese fuori le mura">S. Agnese fuori le mura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Agostino,_Rome" title="Sant'Agostino, Rome">S. Agostino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Anastasia_al_Palatino" title="Sant'Anastasia al Palatino">S. Anastasia al Palatino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Andrea_delle_Fratte" title="Sant'Andrea delle Fratte">S. Andrea delle Fratte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Andrea_della_Valle" title="Sant'Andrea della Valle">S. Andrea della Valle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Antonio_da_Padova_in_Via_Merulana" title="Sant'Antonio da Padova in Via Merulana">S. Antonio da Padova in Via Merulana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Apollinare,_Rome" title="Sant'Apollinare, Rome">S. Apollinare alle Terme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santi_Apostoli,_Rome" title="Santi Apostoli, Rome">Ss. Apostoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Balbina" title="Santa Balbina">S. Balbina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Bartolomeo_all%27Isola" title="San Bartolomeo all'Isola">S. Bartolomeo all'Isola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santi_Bonifacio_ed_Alessio" title="Santi Bonifacio ed Alessio">Ss. Bonifacio ed Alessio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Camillo_de_Lellis" title="San Camillo de Lellis">S. Camillo de Lellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Ambrogio_e_Carlo_al_Corso" title="Sant'Ambrogio e Carlo al Corso">S. Carlo al Corso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cecilia_in_Trastevere" title="Santa Cecilia in Trastevere">S. Cecilia in Trastevere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santi_Celso_e_Giuliano" title="Santi Celso e Giuliano">Ss. Celso e Giuliano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Clemente_al_Laterano" title="San Clemente al Laterano">S. Clemente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santi_Cosma_e_Damiano,_Rome" title="Santi Cosma e Damiano, Rome">Ss. Cosma e Damiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Crisogono,_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="San Crisogono, Rome">S. Crisogono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Croce_in_Via_Flaminia" title="Santa Croce in Via Flaminia">S. Croce in Via Flaminia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Croce_in_Gerusalemme" title="Santa Croce in Gerusalemme">S. Croce in Gerusalemme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Eugenio" title="Sant'Eugenio">S. Eugenio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Eustachio" title="Sant'Eustachio">S. Eustachio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Francesca_Romana" title="Santa Francesca Romana">S. Francesca Romana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Giovanni_a_Porta_Latina" title="San Giovanni a Porta Latina"> S. Giovanni a Porta Latina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Giovanni_dei_Fiorentini" title="San Giovanni dei Fiorentini">S. Giovanni dei Fiorentini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santi_Giovanni_e_Paolo_al_Celio" title="Santi Giovanni e Paolo al Celio">Ss. Giovanni e Paolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Lorenzo_in_Damaso" title="San Lorenzo in Damaso">S. Lorenzo in Damaso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Lorenzo_in_Lucina" title="San Lorenzo in Lucina">S. Lorenzo in Lucina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_Ausiliatrice,_Rome" title="Santa Maria Ausiliatrice, Rome">S. Maria Ausiliatrice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marco_Evangelista_al_Campidoglio,_Rome" title="San Marco Evangelista al Campidoglio, Rome">S. Marco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_degli_Angeli_e_dei_Martiri" title="Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri">S. Maria degli Angeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_dei_Miracoli_and_Santa_Maria_in_Montesanto" title="Santa Maria dei Miracoli and Santa Maria in Montesanto">S. Maria in Montesanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_in_Cosmedin" title="Santa Maria in Cosmedin">S. Maria in Cosmedin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_in_Domnica" title="Santa Maria in Domnica">S. Maria in Domnica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_in_Ara_Coeli" title="Santa Maria in Ara Coeli">S. Maria in Aracoeli</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">S. Maria del Popolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_sopra_Minerva" title="Santa Maria sopra Minerva">S. Maria sopra Minerva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_in_Trastevere" title="Santa Maria in Trastevere">S. Maria in Trastevere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_in_Via" title="Santa Maria in Via">S. Maria in Via</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_in_Via_Lata" title="Santa Maria in Via Lata">S. Maria in Via Lata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_della_Vittoria,_Rome" title="Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome">S. Maria della Vittoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Martino_ai_Monti" title="San Martino ai Monti">S. Martino ai Monti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santi_Nereo_e_Achilleo" title="Santi Nereo e Achilleo">Ss. Nereo e Achilleo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Nicola_in_Carcere" title="San Nicola in Carcere">S. Nicola in Carcere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Pancrazio" title="San Pancrazio">S. Pancrazio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantheon,_Rome" title="Pantheon, Rome">Pantheon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Pietro_in_Vincoli" title="San Pietro in Vincoli">S. Pietro in Vincoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Prassede" title="Santa Prassede">S. Prassede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Pudenziana" title="Santa Pudenziana">S. Pudenziana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santi_Quattro_Coronati" title="Santi Quattro Coronati">Ss. Quattro Coronati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Saba,_Rome" title="San Saba, Rome">S. Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Sabina" title="Santa Sabina">S. Sabina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacro_Cuore_di_Maria" title="Sacro Cuore di Maria">Sacro Cuore di Maria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacro_Cuore_di_Cristo_Re" title="Sacro Cuore di Cristo Re">Sacro Cuore di Cristo Re</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacro_Cuore_di_Ges%C3%B9_a_Castro_Pretorio" title="Sacro Cuore di Gesù a Castro Pretorio">Sacro Cuore di Gesù a Castro Pretorio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Sebastiano_fuori_le_mura" title="San Sebastiano fuori le mura">S. Sebastiano fuori le mura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Silvestro_in_Capite" title="San Silvestro in Capite">S. Silvestro in Capite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Sisto_Vecchio" title="San Sisto Vecchio">S. Sisto Vecchio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Sofia_a_Via_Boccea" title="Santa Sofia a Via Boccea">S. Sofia a Via Boccea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Stefano_al_Monte_Celio" title="Santo Stefano al Monte Celio">S. Stefano Rotondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Teresa,_Rome" title="Santa Teresa, Rome">S. Teresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Vitale,_Rome" title="San Vitale, Rome">S. Vitale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Churches_of_Rome" title="Churches of Rome">Other churches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Churches_of_Rome" title="Churches of Rome">List of churches in Rome</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; line-height:1.1em;">Castles and palaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arx_(Roman)" title="Arx (Roman)">Arx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_dei_Cavalieri_di_Rodi" title="Casa dei Cavalieri di Rodi">Casa dei Cavalieri di Rodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castel_Sant%27Angelo" title="Castel Sant'Angelo">Castel Sant'Angelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domus_Internationalis_Paulus_VI" title="Domus Internationalis Paulus VI">Domus Internationalis Paulus VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Aragona_Gonzaga" title="Palazzo Aragona Gonzaga">Palazzo Aragona Gonzaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Barberini" title="Palazzo Barberini">Palazzo Barberini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Barberini_ai_Giubbonari" title="Palazzo Barberini ai Giubbonari">Palazzo Barberini ai Giubbonari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Borghese" title="Palazzo Borghese">Palazzo Borghese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_della_Cancelleria" title="Palazzo della Cancelleria">Palazzo della Cancelleria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chigi_Palace" title="Chigi Palace">Palazzo Chigi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Colonna" title="Palazzo Colonna">Palazzo Colonna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_della_Consulta" title="Palazzo della Consulta">Palazzo della Consulta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Farnese" title="Palazzo Farnese">Palazzo Farnese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Fusconi-Pighini" title="Palazzo Fusconi-Pighini">Palazzo Fusconi-Pighini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Giustiniani,_Rome" title="Palazzo Giustiniani, Rome">Palazzo Giustinani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateran_Palace" title="Lateran Palace">Lateran Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Madama,_Rome" title="Palazzo Madama, Rome">Palazzo Madama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Malta" title="Palazzo Malta">Palazzo Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Justice,_Rome" title="Palace of Justice, Rome">Palazzo di Giustizia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Massimo_alle_Colonne" title="Palazzo Massimo alle Colonne">Palazzo Massimo alle Colonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Mattei" title="Palazzo Mattei">Palazzo Mattei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quirinal_Palace" title="Quirinal Palace">Palazzo del Quirinale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Pamphilj" title="Palazzo Pamphilj">Palazzo Pamphilj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Poli" title="Palazzo Poli">Palazzo Poli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Corsini,_Rome" title="Palazzo Corsini, Rome">Palazzo Riario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Ruspoli" title="Palazzo Ruspoli">Palazzo Ruspoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Spada" title="Palazzo Spada">Palazzo Spada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Valentini" title="Palazzo Valentini">Palazzo Valentini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Vidoni-Caffarelli" title="Palazzo Vidoni-Caffarelli">Palazzo Vidoni-Caffarelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_del_Viminale" title="Palazzo del Viminale">Palazzo del Viminale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Wedekind" title="Palazzo Wedekind">Palazzo Wedekind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Zuccari,_Rome" title="Palazzo Zuccari, Rome">Palazzo Zuccari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Farnesina" title="Villa Farnesina">Villa Farnesina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Giulia" title="Villa Giulia">Villa Giulia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Madama" title="Villa Madama">Villa Madama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; line-height:1.1em;">Fountains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_delle_Api" title="Fontana delle Api">Api</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_dell%27Acqua_Felice" title="Fontana dell'Acqua Felice">Acqua Felice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_dell%27Acqua_Paola" title="Fontana dell'Acqua Paola">Acqua Paola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babuino" title="Babuino">Babuino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_della_Barcaccia" title="Fontana della Barcaccia">Barcaccia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Il_Facchino" title="Il Facchino">Il Facchino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marforio" title="Marforio">Marforio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_del_Moro" title="Fontana del Moro">Moro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasone" title="Nasone">Nasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_della_Navicella,_Rome" title="Fontana della Navicella, Rome">Navicella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountain_of_Neptune,_Rome" title="Fountain of Neptune, Rome">Neptune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_del_Nettuno,_Piazza_del_Popolo" title="Fontana del Nettuno, Piazza del Popolo">Nettuno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_del_Pantheon" title="Fontana del Pantheon">del Pantheon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_del_Pianto" title="Fontana del Pianto">Pianto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_di_Piazza_d%27Aracoeli" title="Fontana di Piazza d'Aracoeli">di Piazza d'Aracoeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_di_Piazza_Colonna" title="Fontana di Piazza Colonna">di Piazza Colonna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontane_di_Piazza_Farnese" title="Fontane di Piazza Farnese">di Piazza Farnese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_della_Piazza_dei_Quiriti" title="Fontana della Piazza dei Quiriti">della Piazza dei Quiriti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_di_Piazza_Nicosia" title="Fontana di Piazza Nicosia">di Piazza Nicosia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountain_in_Piazza_Santa_Maria_in_Trastevere" title="Fountain in Piazza Santa Maria in Trastevere">in Piazza Santa Maria in Trastevere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontanone_di_Ponte_Sisto" title="Fontanone di Ponte Sisto">di Ponte Sisto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_dei_Quattro_Fiumi" title="Fontana dei Quattro Fiumi">Quattro Fiumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quattro_Fontane" title="Quattro Fontane">Quattro Fontane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_delle_Tartarughe" title="Fontana delle Tartarughe">Tartarughe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trevi_Fountain" title="Trevi Fountain">Trevi Fountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountain_of_the_Tritons" title="Fountain of the Tritons">Tritons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_del_Tritone,_Rome" title="Fontana del Tritone, Rome">Tritone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; line-height:1.1em;">Other landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II_Monument" title="Victor Emmanuel II Monument">Altare della Patria</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Soldier_(Italy)" title="Tomb of the Unknown Soldier (Italy)">Tomb of the Unknown Soldier of Italy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campo_Verano" title="Campo Verano">Campo Verano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torre_dei_Capocci" title="Torre dei Capocci">Capocci Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Column_of_the_Immaculate_Conception,_Rome" title="Column of the Immaculate Conception, Rome">Column of the Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torre_dei_Conti" title="Torre dei Conti">Conti Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ospedale_di_Santo_Spirito_in_Sassia" title="Ospedale di Santo Spirito in Sassia">Hospital of the Holy Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torre_delle_Milizie" title="Torre delle Milizie">Milizie Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponte_Sisto" title="Ponte Sisto">Sisto Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Steps" title="Spanish Steps">Spanish Steps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Piazzas_in_Rome" title="Category:Piazzas in Rome">Squares</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_in_Rome" title="List of streets in Rome">streets</a><br />and public spaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appian_Way" title="Appian Way">Appian Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campo_de%27_Fiori" title="Campo de' Fiori">Campo de' Fiori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clivus_Capitolinus" title="Clivus Capitolinus">Clivus Capitolinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piazza_Colonna" title="Piazza Colonna">Piazza Colonna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piazza_d%27Aracoeli" title="Piazza d'Aracoeli">Piazza d'Aracoeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piazza_del_Popolo" title="Piazza del Popolo">Piazza del Popolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piazza_della_Minerva" title="Piazza della Minerva">Piazza della Minerva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piazza_della_Repubblica,_Rome" title="Piazza della Repubblica, Rome">Piazza della Repubblica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piazza_Farnese" title="Piazza Farnese">Piazza Farnese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piazza_Navona" title="Piazza Navona">Piazza Navona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Square" title="St. Peter's Square">Piazza San Pietro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piazza_di_Spagna" title="Piazza di Spagna">Piazza di Spagna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piazza_Venezia" title="Piazza Venezia">Piazza Venezia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Via_dei_Coronari" title="Via dei Coronari">Via dei Coronari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Via_del_Corso" title="Via del Corso">Via del Corso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Via_della_Conciliazione" title="Via della Conciliazione">Via della Conciliazione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Via_dei_Fori_Imperiali" title="Via dei Fori Imperiali">Via dei Fori Imperiali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Via_Sacra" title="Via Sacra">Via Sacra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Via_Veneto" title="Via Veneto">Via Veneto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_parks_and_gardens_in_Rome" title="List of parks and gardens in Rome">Parks, gardens</a><br />and zoos</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bioparco_di_Roma" title="Bioparco di Roma">Bioparco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Ada" title="Villa Ada">Villa Ada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Borghese_gardens" title="Villa Borghese gardens">Villa Borghese gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Doria_Pamphili" title="Villa Doria Pamphili">Villa Doria Pamphili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Medici" title="Villa Medici">Villa Medici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Torlonia_(Rome)" title="Villa Torlonia (Rome)">Villa Torlonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parco_degli_Acquedotti" title="Parco degli Acquedotti">Parco degli Acquedotti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Rome" title="List of museums in Rome">Museums and<br />art galleries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boncompagni_Ludovisi_Decorative_Art_Museum" title="Boncompagni Ludovisi Decorative Art Museum">Boncompagni Ludovisi Decorative Art Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitoline_Museums" title="Capitoline Museums">Capitoline Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_di_Goethe" title="Casa di Goethe">Casa di Goethe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galleria_Borghese" title="Galleria Borghese">Galleria Borghese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galleria_Comunale_d%27Arte_Moderna,_Rome" title="Galleria Comunale d'Arte Moderna, Rome">Galleria Comunale d'Arte Moderna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galleria_Doria_Pamphilj" title="Galleria Doria Pamphilj">Galleria Doria Pamphilj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galleria_Nazionale_d%27Arte_Antica" title="Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica">Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galleria_Nazionale_d%27Arte_Moderna" title="Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna">Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_de_Chirico_House_Museum" title="Giorgio de Chirico House Museum">Giorgio de Chirico House Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galleria_Spada" title="Galleria Spada">Galleria Spada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Museum_of_Rome" title="Jewish Museum of Rome">Jewish Museum of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keats%E2%80%93Shelley_Memorial_House" title="Keats–Shelley Memorial House">Keats–Shelley Memorial House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAXXI" title="MAXXI">MAXXI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_Archeologico_Ostiense" title="Museo Archeologico Ostiense">Museo Archeologico Ostiense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_Barracco_di_Scultura_Antica" title="Museo Barracco di Scultura Antica">Museo Barracco di Scultura Antica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_Civico_di_Zoologia" title="Museo Civico di Zoologia">Museo Civico di Zoologia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_delle_anime_del_Purgatorio" title="Museo delle anime del Purgatorio">Museo delle anime del Purgatorio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_delle_Mura" title="Museo delle Mura">Museo delle Mura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_di_Roma" title="Museo di Roma">Museo di Roma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_di_Roma_in_Trastevere" title="Museo di Roma in Trastevere">Museo di Roma in Trastevere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_nazionale_del_Palazzo_di_Venezia" title="Museo nazionale del Palazzo di Venezia">Museo nazionale del Palazzo di Venezia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Etruscan_Museum" title="National Etruscan Museum">Museo Nazionale Etrusco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_Nazionale_Romano" title="Museo Nazionale Romano">Museo Nazionale Romano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_Storico_Nazionale_dell%27Arte_Sanitaria" title="Museo Storico Nazionale dell'Arte Sanitaria">Museo Storico Nazionale dell'Arte Sanitaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Contemporary_Art_of_Rome" title="Museum of Contemporary Art of Rome">Museum of Contemporary Art of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Roman_Civilization" title="Museum of Roman Civilization">Museum of Roman Civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Ara_Pacis" title="Museum of the Ara Pacis">Museum of the Ara Pacis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Liberation_of_Rome" title="Museum of the Liberation of Rome">Museum of the Liberation of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Oriental_Art" title="National Museum of Oriental Art">National Museum of Oriental Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Colonna" title="Palazzo Colonna">Palazzo Colonna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_delle_Esposizioni" title="Palazzo delle Esposizioni">Palazzo delle Esposizioni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigorini_National_Museum_of_Prehistory_and_Ethnography" title="Pigorini National Museum of Prehistory and Ethnography">Pigorini National Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_San_Paolo_Railway_Museum" title="Porta San Paolo Railway Museum">Porta San Paolo Railway Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accademia_Nazionale_di_Santa_Cecilia_Musical_Instruments_Museum" title="Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia Musical Instruments Museum">Santa Cecilia Musical Instruments Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venanzo_Crocetti_Museum" title="Venanzo Crocetti Museum">Venanzo Crocetti Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Roman_art" title="Roman art">Art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Belvedere" title="Apollo Belvedere">Apollo Belvedere</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_of_Prima_Porta" title="Augustus of Prima Porta">Augustus of Prima Porta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colossus_of_Constantine" title="Colossus of Constantine">Colossus of Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bocca_della_Verit%C3%A0" title="Bocca della Verità">La Bocca della Verità</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laoco%C3%B6n_and_His_Sons" title="Laocoön and His Sons">Laocoön and His Sons</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludovisi_Battle_sarcophagus" title="Ludovisi Battle sarcophagus">Ludovisi Battle sarcophagus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ecstasy_of_Saint_Teresa" title="Ecstasy of Saint Teresa">Ecstasy of Saint Teresa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Piet%C3%A0_(Michelangelo)" title="Pietà (Michelangelo)">Pietà</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portonaccio_sarcophagus" title="Portonaccio sarcophagus">Portonaccio sarcophagus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_Rooms" title="Raphael Rooms">Raphael Rooms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel_ceiling" title="Sistine Chapel ceiling">Sistine Chapel ceiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velletri_Sarcophagus" title="Velletri Sarcophagus">Velletri Sarcophagus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; line-height:1.1em;">Landscape</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Seven_Hills" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Seven_hills_of_Rome" title="Seven hills of Rome">Seven Hills</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aventine_Hill" title="Aventine Hill">Aventine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caelian_Hill" title="Caelian Hill">Caelian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitoline_Hill" title="Capitoline Hill">Capitoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esquiline_Hill" title="Esquiline Hill">Esquiline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palatine_Hill" title="Palatine Hill">Palatine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quirinal_Hill" title="Quirinal Hill">Quirinal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viminal_Hill" title="Viminal Hill">Viminal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tiber_Island" title="Tiber Island">Tiber Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Testaccio" title="Monte Testaccio">Monte Testaccio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Rome_Capital" title="Metropolitan City of Rome Capital">Metropolitan City<br />of Rome Capital</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appian_Way_Regional_Park" title="Appian Way Regional Park">Appian Way Regional Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capo_di_Bove" title="Capo di Bove">Capo di Bove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castello_Orsini-Odescalchi" title="Castello Orsini-Odescalchi">Castello Orsini-Odescalchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frascati" title="Frascati">Frascati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadrian%27s_Villa" title="Hadrian's Villa">Hadrian's Villa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostia_Antica" title="Ostia Antica">Ostia Antica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Aldobrandini" title="Villa Aldobrandini">Villa Aldobrandini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_d%27Este" title="Villa d'Este">Villa d'Este</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Farnese" title="Villa Farnese">Villa Farnese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Rome" title="Culture of Rome">Events and traditions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Festa_della_Repubblica" title="Festa della Repubblica">Festa della Repubblica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rome_Quadriennale" title="Rome Quadriennale">Rome Quadriennale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rome_Film_Festival" title="Rome Film Festival">Rome Film Festival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; line-height:1.1em;">Enclave</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 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class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/21px-P_parthenon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/32px-P_parthenon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/42px-P_parthenon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Architecture" title="Portal:Architecture">Architecture</a></li></ul></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header"><b>Santa Maria del Popolo</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects" style="white-space:nowrap;">sister projects</span></a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" 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