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成年黑猩猩也会在游戏中促进社会关系—新闻—科学网
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font: 12px 宋体; float: right"> 选择字号：<span onclick="showsize(12)" style="background-color: #587c19; color: #fff; font-size: 12px; cursor: pointer">小</span> <span onclick="showsize(14)" style="background-color: #587c19; color: #fff; font-size: 12px; cursor: pointer">中</span> <span onclick="showsize(16)" style="background-color: #587c19; color: #fff; font-size: 12px; cursor: pointer"> 大</span> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"> <div id="content1" style=" padding:15px; text-align: left; line-height: 24px; word-wrap: break-word;word-break:break-all" class="f14"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td height="20"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="middle" class="style1" style="font-size: 13px; color: #333333; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 20px"> <b></b></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" class="style1" style="font-size: 22px; color: #587c19; font-family: 黑体; line-height: 30px"> 成年黑猩猩也会在游戏中促进社会关系</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="middle" class="style1" style="font-size: 13px; color: #333333; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 20px"> <b></b></td> </tr> </table> <p > </p><p style=";; margin: 0px 0px 26px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;">与儿童相比，成人间的玩耍并不多，但成年后的社交游戏被认为是人类的普遍特征。这些成人游戏在建立宽容、凝聚力、纽带和合作关系方面发挥着作用。相比之下，其他物种在成年期的玩耍被认为是罕见的。</p> <p style=";; margin: 0px 0px 26px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;">然而，德国科学家研究表明，一些黑猩猩和人类一样，会在一生中经常与同伴玩耍，尤其是在需要集体合作之前。相关研究11月22日发表于《当代生物学》。</p> <p style=";; margin: 0px 0px 26px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;">“我们发现黑猩猩成年后的社交游戏可以培养一系列合作行为，从双方互动到多元协调的复杂、危险活动。我们已经发现了这种能激发快乐情绪的社交行为与非人类物种中一些更复杂的合作形式之间存在着密切的联系。”德国灵长类动物中心及科特迪瓦Tai黑猩猩项目的Liran Samuni说。</p> <p style=";; margin: 0px 0px 26px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;">Samuni和同事们一直在研究生活在科特迪瓦Tai森林里的3个黑猩猩群体。虽然相关领域早期研究缺乏，但他们认识到，这些群体中的成年雄性和雌性经常在一起玩耍。这些游戏通常包括身体动作，如摔跤、假装咬、拍打、拉扯和追逐。游戏中的黑猩猩也会出现类似人类游戏时的笑脸和笑声。“虽然成年动物之间的社交游戏不是每天都发生，但它总是在特定的条件下出现。”Samuni说。</p> <p style=";; margin: 0px 0px 26px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;">为了更好地理解“成年游戏”在黑猩猩群体中的作用，他们研究了57只成年黑猩猩。研究人员发现，成年黑猩猩在参与捕猎或防御等群体活动之前，更有可能进行社交游戏。那些一起玩耍的黑猩猩更有可能进行合作，这表明玩耍可以发出合作信号，增强集体合作力。</p> <p style=";; margin: 0px 0px 26px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;">当黑猩猩只与另一个个体玩耍时，对方常为亲密的社会伙伴，这说明了玩耍、熟悉和信任之间的紧密联系。在黑猩猩社交紧张时，例如争夺配偶或发生争执时，玩耍也更频繁地发生。研究人员认为，玩耍可能提供了一种缓解紧张和解决冲突的手段。</p> <p style=";; margin: 0px 0px 26px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;">研究人员指出，这些发现是否能反映其他黑猩猩种群的玩耍行为，尚有待进一步验证。Samuni解释说，这是因为黑猩猩的行为多样且灵活，不同的种群表现出独特的策略和行为。Samuni 说，在特别有凝聚力的黑猩猩群体中，成年动物玩耍行为盛行可能会加强这种观念，即“以凝聚力和宽容为特征的社会也表现出更高的成人游戏频率。”</p> <p style=";; margin: 0px 0px 26px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;">在未来的研究中，他们想更多地了解Ta?森林黑猩猩与其他黑猩猩群体的“成年游戏”方式。他们还想知道，黑猩猩是有意识地决定玩耍作为一种主动策略来促进合作，还是玩耍的积极影响自然地促进了彼此的合作，而黑猩猩并不是有意如此的。</p> <div style="text-align: center;" class="ueditorOption ueditorOptionModel" contenteditable="true" id="0"> <img src="https://rmtzx.sciencenet.cn//kxwsprint/673f3a71e4b03b5da6d1b2b6.jpg" data-wenge-id="138029" wosname="673f3a71e4b03b5da6d1b2b6.jpg" size="159816" opaid="wenge-dv0mnqifvr40/" data-mce-src="https://rmtzx.sciencenet.cn//kxwsprint/673f3a71e4b03b5da6d1b2b6.jpg" id="img-null"> <span style="display:block;color: #999;font-size:14px;margin:0;text-align:center;line-height:20px;" class="img_caption" placeholder="请输入图说">成年黑猩猩也会在游戏中促进社会关系。图片来自作者团队</span> </div> <p class="timeLine_wg" style="height:20px;"><span style="display:none"><span contenteditable="false" style="height: 0px; 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