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[o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div 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vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Founding_and_initial_growth_(2005–2006)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Founding_and_initial_growth_(2005–2006)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Founding and initial growth (2005–2006) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Founding_and_initial_growth_(2005–2006)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Broadcast_Yourself"_era_(2006–2013)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Broadcast_Yourself"_era_(2006–2013)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 "Broadcast Yourself" era (2006–2013) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Broadcast_Yourself"_era_(2006–2013)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Susan_Wojcicki_and_going_mainstream_(2014–2018)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Susan_Wojcicki_and_going_mainstream_(2014–2018)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Susan Wojcicki and going mainstream (2014–2018) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Susan_Wojcicki_and_going_mainstream_(2014–2018)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent_history_(2019–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_history_(2019–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Recent history (2019–present) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recent_history_(2019–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senior_leadership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senior_leadership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Senior leadership </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senior_leadership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Features </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Videos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Videos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Videos </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Videos-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Videos subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Videos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Copyright_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Copyright_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Copyright issues </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Copyright_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Content_ID" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Content_ID"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.1 Content ID </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Content_ID-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moderation_and_offensive_content" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moderation_and_offensive_content"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Moderation and offensive content </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moderation_and_offensive_content-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Conspiracy_theories_and_far-right_content" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conspiracy_theories_and_far-right_content"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.1 Conspiracy theories and far-right content </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conspiracy_theories_and_far-right_content-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Use_among_white_supremacists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_among_white_supremacists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.1.1 Use among white supremacists </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_among_white_supremacists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Misinformation_and_handling_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Misinformation_and_handling_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.2 Misinformation and handling of the COVID-19 pandemic </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Misinformation_and_handling_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Child_safety_and_wellbeing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Child_safety_and_wellbeing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.3 Child safety and wellbeing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Child_safety_and_wellbeing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sexualization_of_children_and_pedophilia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sexualization_of_children_and_pedophilia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.4 Sexualization of children and pedophilia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sexualization_of_children_and_pedophilia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Russia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April_Fools_gags" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April_Fools_gags"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 April Fools gags </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April_Fools_gags-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Services </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Services-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Services subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-YouTube_Premium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#YouTube_Premium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 YouTube Premium </div> </a> <ul id="toc-YouTube_Premium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-YouTube_Kids" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#YouTube_Kids"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 YouTube Kids </div> </a> <ul id="toc-YouTube_Kids-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-YouTube_Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#YouTube_Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 YouTube Music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-YouTube_Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-YouTube_Movies_&_TV" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#YouTube_Movies_&_TV"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 YouTube Movies & TV </div> </a> <ul id="toc-YouTube_Movies_&_TV-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-YouTube_Primetime_Channels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#YouTube_Primetime_Channels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.1 YouTube Primetime Channels </div> </a> <ul id="toc-YouTube_Primetime_Channels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-YouTube_TV" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#YouTube_TV"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 YouTube TV </div> </a> <ul id="toc-YouTube_TV-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-YouTube_Go" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#YouTube_Go"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 YouTube Go </div> </a> <ul id="toc-YouTube_Go-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-YouTube_Shorts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#YouTube_Shorts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.7 YouTube Shorts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-YouTube_Shorts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-YouTube_Stories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#YouTube_Stories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.8 YouTube Stories </div> </a> <ul id="toc-YouTube_Stories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-YouTube_VR" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#YouTube_VR"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.9 YouTube VR </div> </a> <ul id="toc-YouTube_VR-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Social impact </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Finances </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Finances-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Finances subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Finances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Partnership_with_corporations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partnership_with_corporations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Partnership with corporations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partnership_with_corporations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2017_advertiser_boycott" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2017_advertiser_boycott"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.1 2017 advertiser boycott </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2017_advertiser_boycott-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-YouTuber_earnings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#YouTuber_earnings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 YouTuber earnings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-YouTuber_earnings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Revenue_to_copyright_holders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revenue_to_copyright_holders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Revenue to copyright holders </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revenue_to_copyright_holders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Censorship_and_bans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Censorship_and_bans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Censorship and bans </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Censorship_and_bans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">YouTube</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 196 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-196" aria-hidden="true" > 196 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A9_%E1%89%B1%E1%89%A5" title="ዩ ቱብ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዩ ቱብ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A8" title="يوتيوب – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يوتيوب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BA" title="Եություպ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Եություպ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AC" title="ইউটিউব – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ইউটিউব" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A8" title="یوتیوب – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یوتیوب" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AC" title="ইউটিউব – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইউটিউব" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AC" title="यूट्यूब – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="यूट्यूब" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D1%82%D1%8E%D0%B1" title="Ютюб – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ютюб" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8A%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8B" title="ཡུ་ཊོབ་ – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཡུ་ཊོབ་" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge, featured article badge"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8" title="يوتوب – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="يوتوب" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%94%DE%AB%DE%93%DE%A8%DE%87%DE%AA%DE%84%DE%B0" title="ޔޫޓިއުބް – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޔޫޓިއުބް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AC" title="युट्युब – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="युट्युब" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A8" title="یوتیوب – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یوتیوب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%ED%8A%9C%EB%B8%8C" title="유튜브 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유튜브" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%85%D5%B8%D6%82%D4%B9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A2" title="ՅուԹյուբ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="ՅուԹյուբ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AC" title="यूट्यूब – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="यूट्यूब" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-YouTube" title="I-YouTube – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="I-YouTube" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%98%D7%99%D7%95%D7%91" title="יוטיוב – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יוטיוב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C" title="ಯೂಟ್ಯೂಬ್‌ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಯೂಟ್ಯೂಬ್‌" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%97%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%9B%D9%88%D9%97%D8%A8" title="یوٗٹیٛوٗب – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="یوٗٹیٛوٗب" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youtube" title="Youtube – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Youtube" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE/YouTube" title="Википедия:Сомо/YouTube – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Википедия:Сомо/YouTube" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A2%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A" title="ຢູທູບ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຢູທູບ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target">Li Niha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AC" title="युट्युब – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="युट्युब" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D" title="യൂട്യൂബ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="യൂട്യൂബ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AC" title="यूट्यूब – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="यूट्यूब" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youtube" title="Youtube – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="Youtube" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A8" title="يوتيوب – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="يوتيوب" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A8" title="یوتیوب – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="یوتیوب" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B0%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B7%E1%80%98%E1%80%BA" title="ယူကျူ့ဘ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ယူကျူ့ဘ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nāhuatl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AC" title="युट्युब – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="युट्युब" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%A6%DF%8E%DF%95%DF%8E%DF%93" title="ߦߎߕߎߓ – N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߦߎߕߎߓ" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target">ߒߞߏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81_%E0%AC%9F%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%AC" title="ୟୁ ଟ୍ୟୁବ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ୟୁ ଟ୍ୟୁବ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuutubii" title="Yuutubii – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Yuutubii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%AC" title="ਯੂਟਿਊਬ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਯੂਟਿਊਬ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pälzisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangasinan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88_%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A8" title="یو ٹیوب – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="یو ٹیوب" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B0%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ယူကျု့ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ယူကျု့" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youtube" title="Youtube – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Youtube" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%BC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A8" title="يوټيوب – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="يوټيوب" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%BC_%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%94" title="យូ ធូប – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="យូ ធូប" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%BD" title="ᱤᱭᱩᱴᱩᱵᱽ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱤᱭᱩᱴᱩᱵᱽ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%8A" title="යූටියුබ් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="යූටියුබ්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%BD%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A8" title="يوٽيوب – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="يوٽيوب" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/YuutYuub" title="YuutYuub – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="YuutYuub" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A8" title="یووتیووب – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="یووتیووب" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youtube" title="Youtube – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Youtube" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youtube" title="Youtube – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Youtube" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D" title="யூடியூப் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="யூடியூப்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yutub" title="Yutub – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Yutub" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B0%E1%82%87%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89" title="ယူႇၵျုပ်ႉ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ယူႇၵျုပ်ႉ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D" title="యూట్యూబ్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="యూట్యూబ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9A" title="ยูทูบ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยูทูบ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target">Thuɔŋjäŋ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A9%E1%89%B1%E1%89%A5" title="ዩቱብ – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ዩቱብ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target">ትግርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A8" title="یوٹیوب – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یوٹیوب" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%87%D8%A8" title="يوتىيۇب – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="يوتىيۇب" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube_(waibe)" title="YouTube (waibe) – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="YouTube (waibe)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%84%AA%E7%AE%A1" title="優管 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="優管" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%98%D7%95%D7%91" title="יוטוב – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="יוטוב" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/YuTub" title="YuTub – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="YuTub" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="YouTube" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A5%95%E1%A5%A7%E1%A5%B1_%E1%A5%97%E1%A5%A7%E1%A5%99%E1%A5%B3" title="ᥕᥧᥱ ᥗᥧᥙᥳ – Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="ᥕᥧᥱ ᥗᥧᥙᥳ" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%93%E2%B4%B1" title="ⵢⵓⵜⵢⵓⴱ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵢⵓⵜⵢⵓⴱ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q866#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected 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data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Video-sharing and social media platform owned by Google</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the company's channel on YouTube, see <a href="/wiki/YouTube_(YouTube_channel)" title="YouTube (YouTube channel)">YouTube (YouTube channel)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">YouTube</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257397826">.mw-parser-output .ifdark>.dark{display:none}.mw-parser-output .ifdark>.nodark{display:inherit;display:initial}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ifdark>.nodark{display:none}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ifdark>.dark{display:inherit;display:initial}html.client-dark-mode .mw-parser-output .ifdark>.nodark{display:none}html.client-dark-mode .mw-parser-output .ifdark>.dark{display:inherit;display:initial}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ifdark>.nodark{display:none}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ifdark>.dark{display:inherit;display:initial}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:light){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ifdark>.dark{display:none}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ifdark>.nodark{display:inherit;display:initial}}</style><div class="ifdark"><div class="nodark"><a href="/wiki/File:YouTube_2024.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/YouTube_2024.svg/220px-YouTube_2024.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/YouTube_2024.svg/330px-YouTube_2024.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/YouTube_2024.svg/440px-YouTube_2024.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1469" data-file-height="317" /></a></div><div class="dark"><div class="switcher-container"><div><a href="/wiki/File:YouTube_2024_(white_text).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/YouTube_2024_%28white_text%29.svg/220px-YouTube_2024_%28white_text%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/YouTube_2024_%28white_text%29.svg/330px-YouTube_2024_%28white_text%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/YouTube_2024_%28white_text%29.svg/440px-YouTube_2024_%28white_text%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1469" data-file-height="317" /></a>Show dark mode version of logo</div><div><a href="/wiki/File:YouTube_2024.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/YouTube_2024.svg/220px-YouTube_2024.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/YouTube_2024.svg/330px-YouTube_2024.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/YouTube_2024.svg/440px-YouTube_2024.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1469" data-file-height="317" /></a>Show light mode version of logo</div></div></div></div><div class="infobox-caption">Logo used since 2024</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:YouTube_results_screenshot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/YouTube_results_screenshot.jpg/300px-YouTube_results_screenshot.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/YouTube_results_screenshot.jpg/450px-YouTube_results_screenshot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/YouTube_results_screenshot.jpg/600px-YouTube_results_screenshot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1919" data-file-height="1080" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">YouTube search results</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type of business</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Type of site</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Online_video_platform" title="Online video platform">Online video platform</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_media_platform" class="mw-redirect" title="Social media platform">Social media platform</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">February 14, 2005; 19 years ago (2005-02-14)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label">901 Cherry Avenue <a href="/wiki/San_Bruno,_California" title="San Bruno, California">San Bruno, California</a>, <div style="display:inline;" class="country-name">United States</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area served</th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide (excluding <a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_YouTube" title="Censorship of YouTube">blocked countries</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Google_LLC" class="mw-redirect" title="Google LLC">Google LLC</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Organizational_founder" title="Organizational founder">Founder(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Chen" title="Steve Chen">Steve Chen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chad_Hurley" title="Chad Hurley">Chad Hurley</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jawed_Karim" title="Jawed Karim">Jawed Karim</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Key people</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neal_Mohan" title="Neal Mohan">Neal Mohan</a> (CEO)</li><li>Chad Hurley (advisor)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Video_hosting_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Video hosting service">Video hosting service</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Product_(business)" title="Product (business)">Products</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Kids" title="YouTube Kids">YouTube Kids</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Music" title="YouTube Music">YouTube Music</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Premium" title="YouTube Premium">YouTube Premium</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Shorts" title="YouTube Shorts">YouTube Shorts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_TV" title="YouTube TV">YouTube TV</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Revenue" title="Revenue">Revenue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> US$31.5 billion (2023)<a href="#cite_note-Weprin-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Holding_company" title="Holding company">Parent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google LLC</a> (2006–present)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">URL</th><td class="infobox-data url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://youtube.com/">youtube.com</a> (see <a href="#International_and_localization">list of localized domain names</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Online_advertising" title="Online advertising">Advertising</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Google_AdSense" title="Google AdSense">Google AdSense</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Registration</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal; text-align:left; background-color:transparent; color: inherit;"><div>Optional</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> Not required to watch most videos; required for certain tasks such as uploading videos, viewing flagged (18+) videos, creating playlists, liking or disliking videos, and posting comments </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Registered_user" title="Registered user">Users</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 2.7 billion <a href="/wiki/Monthly_active_user" class="mw-redirect" title="Monthly active user">MAU</a> (January 2024)<a href="#cite_note-forbes-stats-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launched</th><td class="infobox-data">December 15, 2005; 18 years ago (2005-12-15)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Current status</th><td class="infobox-data category">Active</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Content license</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Uploader holds copyright (standard license); <a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons">Creative Commons</a> can be selected.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a> (core/API),<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a> (through <a href="/wiki/CPython" title="CPython">CPython</a>), <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>, <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a> (through <a href="/wiki/Google_Guice" title="Google Guice">Guice</a> platform),<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> <a href="/wiki/Go_(programming_language)" title="Go (programming language)">Go</a>,<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> (UI)</td></tr></tbody></table> YouTube is an American <a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a> and <a href="/wiki/Online_video_platform" title="Online video platform">online video sharing</a> platform owned by <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>. YouTube was founded on February 14, 2005, by <a href="/wiki/Steve_Chen" title="Steve Chen">Steve Chen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chad_Hurley" title="Chad Hurley">Chad Hurley</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jawed_Karim" title="Jawed Karim">Jawed Karim</a>, three former employees of <a href="/wiki/PayPal" title="PayPal">PayPal</a>. Headquartered in <a href="/wiki/San_Bruno,_California" title="San Bruno, California">San Bruno, California</a>, United States, it is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_most-visited_websites" title="List of most-visited websites">second-most visited website</a> in the world, after <a href="/wiki/Google_Search" title="Google Search">Google Search</a>. In January 2024, YouTube had more than 2.7 billion <a href="/wiki/Monthly_active_user" class="mw-redirect" title="Monthly active user">monthly active users</a>, who collectively watched more than one billion hours of videos every day.<a href="#cite_note-1_billion_hours-7">[7]</a> As of May 2019<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=YouTube&action=edit">[update]</a>, videos were being uploaded to the platform at a rate of more than 500 hours of <a href="/wiki/Content_(media)" class="mw-redirect" title="Content (media)">content</a> per minute,<a href="#cite_note-500_hours_per_minute-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-9">[9]</a> and as of 2023<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=YouTube&action=edit">[update]</a>, there were approximately 14 billion videos in total.<a href="#cite_note-:1-10">[10]</a> On the 9th of October 2006, YouTube was purchased by Google for $1.65 billion (equivalent to $2.31 billion in 2023).<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Google expanded YouTube's business model of generating revenue from <a href="/wiki/Advertising" title="Advertising">advertisements</a> alone, to offering paid content such as movies and <a href="/wiki/List_of_YouTube_Premium_original_programming" title="List of YouTube Premium original programming">exclusive content</a> produced by and for YouTube. It also offers <a href="/wiki/YouTube_Premium" title="YouTube Premium">YouTube Premium</a>, a paid subscription option for watching content without ads. YouTube incorporated <a href="/wiki/Google_AdSense" title="Google AdSense">Google's AdSense</a> program, generating more revenue for both YouTube and approved content creators. In 2023, YouTube's advertising revenue totaled $31.7 billion, a 2% increase from the $31.1 billion reported in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> From Q4 2023 to Q3 2024, YouTube's combined revenue from advertising and subscriptions exceeded $50 billion.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Since its purchase by Google, YouTube has expanded beyond the core website into <a href="/wiki/Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">mobile apps</a>, network television, and the <a href="/wiki/Interoperability" title="Interoperability">ability to link</a> with other platforms. Video categories on YouTube include <a href="/wiki/Music_video" title="Music video">music videos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Video_clip" title="Video clip">video clips</a>, <a href="/wiki/News" title="News">news</a>, <a href="/wiki/Short_film" title="Short film">short</a> and <a href="/wiki/Feature_film" title="Feature film">feature films</a>, <a href="/wiki/Songs" class="mw-redirect" title="Songs">songs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Documentary_film" title="Documentary film">documentaries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trailer_(promotion)" title="Trailer (promotion)">movie trailers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teaser_(trailer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Teaser (trailer)">teasers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Television_advertisement" title="Television advertisement">TV spots</a>, <a href="/wiki/Live_stream" class="mw-redirect" title="Live stream">live streams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vlog" title="Vlog">vlogs</a>, and more. Most content is <a href="/wiki/User-generated_content" title="User-generated content">generated by individuals</a>, including collaborations between "<a href="/wiki/YouTuber" title="YouTuber">YouTubers</a>" and corporate sponsors. Established media, news, and entertainment corporations have also created and expanded their visibility to YouTube channels in order to reach greater audiences. YouTube has had <a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_YouTube" title="Social impact of YouTube">unprecedented social impact</a>, influencing popular culture, internet trends, and creating multimillionaire celebrities. Despite its growth and success, the platform has been criticized for its facilitation of the spread of <a href="/wiki/Misinformation" title="Misinformation">misinformation</a> and <a href="/wiki/YouTube_copyright_issues" title="YouTube copyright issues">copyrighted content</a>, <a href="/wiki/YouTube_and_privacy" title="YouTube and privacy">routinely violating its users' privacy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Censorship_by_YouTube" class="mw-redirect" title="Censorship by YouTube">excessive censorship</a>, endangering <a href="/wiki/Child_protection" title="Child protection">the safety of children and their well-being</a>, and for its inconsistent implementation of platform guidelines. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_YouTube" title="History of YouTube">History of YouTube</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_online_video" title="Timeline of online video">Timeline of online video</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Founding_and_initial_growth_(2005–2006)">Founding and initial growth (2005–2006)</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Youtube_founders.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Youtube_founders.jpg/400px-Youtube_founders.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Youtube_founders.jpg/600px-Youtube_founders.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Youtube_founders.jpg/800px-Youtube_founders.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1317" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>From left to right: <a href="/wiki/Chad_Hurley" title="Chad Hurley">Chad Hurley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Chen" title="Steve Chen">Steve Chen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jawed_Karim" title="Jawed Karim">Jawed Karim</a>, the founders of YouTube.</figcaption></figure> YouTube was founded by <a href="/wiki/Steve_Chen" title="Steve Chen">Steve Chen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chad_Hurley" title="Chad Hurley">Chad Hurley</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jawed_Karim" title="Jawed Karim">Jawed Karim</a>. The trio were early employees of <a href="/wiki/PayPal" title="PayPal">PayPal</a>, which left them enriched after the company was bought by <a href="/wiki/EBay" title="EBay">eBay</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Jackpot-14">[14]</a> Hurley had studied design at the <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_of_Pennsylvania" title="Indiana University of Pennsylvania">Indiana University of Pennsylvania</a>, and Chen and Karim studied <a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">computer science</a> together at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_Urbana-Champaign" title="University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign">University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> According to a story that has often been repeated in the media, Hurley and Chen developed the idea for YouTube during the early months of 2005, after they had experienced difficulty sharing videos that had been shot at a dinner party at Chen's apartment in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>. Karim did not attend the party and denied that it had occurred, but Chen remarked that the idea that YouTube was founded after a dinner party "was probably very strengthened by marketing ideas around creating a story that was very digestible".<a href="#cite_note-YouTube_gurus-16">[16]</a> Karim said the inspiration for YouTube came from the <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_XXXVIII_halftime_show_controversy" title="Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy">Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy</a>, when <a href="/wiki/Janet_Jackson" title="Janet Jackson">Janet Jackson</a>'s breast was briefly exposed by <a href="/wiki/Justin_Timberlake" title="Justin Timberlake">Justin Timberlake</a> during the halftime show. Karim could not easily find video clips of the incident and the <a href="/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami" title="2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami">2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami</a> online, which led to the idea of a video-sharing site.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Hurley and Chen said that the original idea for YouTube was a video version of an <a href="/wiki/Online_dating_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Online dating service">online dating service</a> and had been influenced by the website <a href="/wiki/Hot_or_Not" title="Hot or Not">Hot or Not</a>.<a href="#cite_note-YouTube_gurus-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> They created posts on <a href="/wiki/Craigslist" title="Craigslist">Craigslist</a> asking attractive women to upload videos of themselves to YouTube in exchange for a $100 reward.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Difficulty in finding enough dating videos led to a change of plans, with the site's founders deciding to accept uploads of any video.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Youtube_logo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Youtube_logo.jpg/220px-Youtube_logo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Youtube_logo.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="60" /></a><figcaption>The YouTube logo used from its launch until 2007;[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] it returned in 2008 before being removed again in 2010.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Another version of this logo without the "Broadcast Yourself" slogan was used until 2011.</figcaption></figure> YouTube began as a <a href="/wiki/Venture_capital" title="Venture capital">venture capital</a>–funded technology <a href="/wiki/Startup_company" title="Startup company">startup</a>. Between November 2005 and April 2006, the company raised money from various investors, with <a href="/wiki/Sequoia_Capital" title="Sequoia Capital">Sequoia Capital</a> and Artis Capital Management being the largest two.<a href="#cite_note-Jackpot-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> YouTube's early headquarters were situated above a pizzeria and a Japanese restaurant in <a href="/wiki/San_Mateo,_California" title="San Mateo, California">San Mateo, California</a>.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> In February 2005, the company activated <code>www.youtube.com</code>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> The first video was uploaded on April 23, 2005. Titled "<a href="/wiki/Me_at_the_zoo" title="Me at the zoo">Me at the zoo</a>", it shows co-founder Jawed Karim at the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Zoo" title="San Diego Zoo">San Diego Zoo</a> and can still be viewed on the site.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> The same day, the company launched a public <a href="/wiki/BETA_(programming_language)" title="BETA (programming language)">beta</a> and by November, a Nike ad featuring <a href="/wiki/Ronaldinho" title="Ronaldinho">Ronaldinho</a> became the first video to reach one million total views.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> The site launched officially on December 15, 2005, by which time the site was receiving 8 million views a day.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> Clips at the time were limited to 100 megabytes, as little as 30 seconds of footage.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> YouTube was not the first video-sharing site on the Internet; <a href="/wiki/Vimeo" title="Vimeo">Vimeo</a> was launched in November 2004, though that site remained a side project of its developers from <a href="/wiki/CollegeHumor" title="CollegeHumor">CollegeHumor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-fortune_vimeo-32">[32]</a> The week of YouTube's launch, NBC-Universal's <a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live" title="Saturday Night Live">Saturday Night Live</a> ran a skit "<a href="/wiki/Lazy_Sunday_(The_Lonely_Island_song)" title="Lazy Sunday (The Lonely Island song)">Lazy Sunday</a>" by <a href="/wiki/The_Lonely_Island" title="The Lonely Island">The Lonely Island</a>. Besides helping to bolster ratings and long-term viewership for Saturday Night Live, "Lazy Sunday"'s status as an early <a href="/wiki/Viral_video" title="Viral video">viral video</a> helped establish YouTube as an important website.<a href="#cite_note-First_Launched-33">[33]</a> Unofficial uploads of the skit to YouTube drew in more than five million collective views by February 2006 before they were removed when <a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal" title="NBCUniversal">NBCUniversal</a> requested it two months later based on copyright concerns.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Despite eventually being taken down, these duplicate uploads of the skit helped popularize YouTube's reach and led to the upload of more third-party content.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> The site grew rapidly; in July 2006, the company announced that more than 65,000 new videos were being uploaded every day and that the site was receiving 100 million video views per day.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> The choice of the name <code>www.youtube.com</code> led to problems for a similarly named website, <code>www.utube.com</code>. That site's owner, <a href="/wiki/Universal_Tube_%26_Rollform_Equipment" title="Universal Tube & Rollform Equipment">Universal Tube & Rollform Equipment</a>, filed a lawsuit against YouTube in November 2006, after being regularly overloaded by people looking for YouTube. Universal Tube subsequently changed its website to <code>www.utubeonline.com</code>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Broadcast_Yourself"_era_(2006–2013)">"Broadcast Yourself" era (2006–2013)</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:901_Cherry_Avenue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/901_Cherry_Avenue.jpg/250px-901_Cherry_Avenue.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/901_Cherry_Avenue.jpg/375px-901_Cherry_Avenue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/901_Cherry_Avenue.jpg/500px-901_Cherry_Avenue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5004" data-file-height="2800" /></a><figcaption>YouTube's headquarters in San Bruno, California</figcaption></figure> On October 9, 2006, <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> announced that they had acquired YouTube for $1.65 billion in Google stock.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> The deal was finalized on November 13, 2006.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> Google's acquisition launched newfound interest in video-sharing sites; <a href="/wiki/IAC_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="IAC (company)">IAC</a>, which now owned Vimeo, focused on supporting the content creators to distinguish itself from YouTube.<a href="#cite_note-fortune_vimeo-32">[32]</a> It is at this time YouTube issued the slogan "Broadcast Yourself". The company experienced rapid growth. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a> wrote that in 2007, YouTube consumed as much <a href="/wiki/Bandwidth_(computing)" title="Bandwidth (computing)">bandwidth</a> as the entire Internet in 2000.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> By 2010, the company had reached a <a href="/wiki/Market_share" title="Market share">market share</a> of around 43% and more than 14 billion views of videos, according to <a href="/wiki/ComScore" class="mw-redirect" title="ComScore">comScore</a>.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> That year, the company simplified its interface to increase the time users would spend on the site.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> In 2011, more than three billion videos were being watched each day with 48 hours of new videos uploaded every minute.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-48-60-49">[49]</a> However, most of these views came from a relatively small number of videos; according to a software engineer at that time, 30% of videos accounted for 99% of views on the site.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> That year, the company again changed its interface and at the same time, introduced a new logo with a darker shade of red.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> A subsequent interface change, designed to unify the experience across desktop, TV, and mobile, was rolled out in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-tnw-one-53">[53]</a> By that point, more than 100 hours were being uploaded every minute, increasing to 300 hours by November 2014.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_YouTube_(2015-2017).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Logo_of_YouTube_%282015-2017%29.svg/200px-Logo_of_YouTube_%282015-2017%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Logo_of_YouTube_%282015-2017%29.svg/300px-Logo_of_YouTube_%282015-2017%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Logo_of_YouTube_%282015-2017%29.svg/400px-Logo_of_YouTube_%282015-2017%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="502" data-file-height="211" /></a><figcaption>YouTube logo from 2015 until 2017</figcaption></figure> During this time, the company also went through some organizational changes. In October 2006, YouTube moved to a new office in <a href="/wiki/San_Bruno,_California" title="San Bruno, California">San Bruno, California</a>.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Hurley announced that he would be stepping down as chief executive officer of YouTube to take an advisory role and that <a href="/wiki/Salar_Kamangar" title="Salar Kamangar">Salar Kamangar</a> would take over as head of the company in October 2010.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> In December 2009, YouTube partnered with <a href="/wiki/Vevo" title="Vevo">Vevo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> In April 2010, Lady Gaga's "<a href="/wiki/Bad_Romance" title="Bad Romance">Bad Romance</a>" became the <a href="/wiki/List_of_most-viewed_YouTube_videos" title="List of most-viewed YouTube videos">most viewed video</a>, becoming the first video to reach 200 million views on May 9, 2010.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> YouTube <a href="/wiki/Viacom_International_Inc._v._YouTube,_Inc." title="Viacom International Inc. v. YouTube, Inc.">faced a major lawsuit</a> by <a href="/wiki/Viacom_(2005%E2%80%932019)" title="Viacom (2005–2019)">Viacom International</a> in 2011 that nearly resulted in the discontinuation of the website. The lawsuit was filed as a result of alleged <a href="/wiki/Copyright_infringement" title="Copyright infringement">copyright infringement</a> of Viacom's material by YouTube. However, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Second_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit</a> ruled that YouTube was not liable, and thus YouTube won the case in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Susan_Wojcicki_and_going_mainstream_(2014–2018)">Susan Wojcicki and going mainstream (2014–2018)</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:YouTube_Logo_2017.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/YouTube_Logo_2017.svg/200px-YouTube_Logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/YouTube_Logo_2017.svg/300px-YouTube_Logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/YouTube_Logo_2017.svg/400px-YouTube_Logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="114" /></a><figcaption>YouTube logo from 2017 until 2024</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Susan_Wojcicki" title="Susan Wojcicki">Susan Wojcicki</a> was appointed <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEO</a> of YouTube in February 2014.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> In January 2016, YouTube expanded its headquarters in San Bruno by purchasing an office park for $215 million. The complex has 51,468 square metres (554,000 square feet) of space and can house up to 2,800 employees.<a href="#cite_note-office_park-62">[62]</a> YouTube officially launched the "polymer" redesign of its user interfaces based on <a href="/wiki/Material_Design" title="Material Design">Material Design</a> language as its default, as well a redesigned logo that is built around the service's play button emblem in August 2017.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> Through this period, YouTube tried several new ways to generate revenue beyond advertisements. In 2013, YouTube launched a pilot program for content providers to offer premium, subscription-based channels.<a href="#cite_note-subscription-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> This effort was discontinued in January 2018 and relaunched in June, with US$4.99 channel subscriptions.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> These channel subscriptions complemented the existing Super Chat ability, launched in 2017, which allows viewers to donate between $1 and $500 to have their comment highlighted.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> In 2014, YouTube announced a subscription service known as "Music Key", which bundled ad-free streaming of music content on YouTube with the existing <a href="/wiki/Google_Play_Music" title="Google Play Music">Google Play Music</a> service.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> The service continued to evolve in 2015 when YouTube announced <a href="/wiki/YouTube_Red" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube Red">YouTube Red</a>, a new premium service that would offer ad-free access to all content on the platform (succeeding the Music Key service released the previous year), premium original series, and films produced by YouTube personalities, as well as background playback of content on mobile devices. YouTube also released <a href="/wiki/YouTube_Music" title="YouTube Music">YouTube Music</a>, a third app oriented towards streaming and discovering the music content hosted on the YouTube platform.<a href="#cite_note-Youtubered-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-Engadget-ytmusic-72">[72]</a> The company also attempted to create products appealing to specific viewers. YouTube released a mobile app known as <a href="/wiki/YouTube_Kids" title="YouTube Kids">YouTube Kids</a> in 2015, designed to provide an experience optimized for children. It features a simplified user interface, curated selections of channels featuring age-appropriate content, and parental control features.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Also in 2015, YouTube launched YouTube Gaming—a <a href="/wiki/Video_gaming" class="mw-redirect" title="Video gaming">video gaming</a>-oriented vertical and app for videos and live streaming, intended to compete with the <a href="/wiki/Amazon.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon.com">Amazon.com</a>-owned <a href="/wiki/Twitch_(service)" title="Twitch (service)">Twitch</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> The company was attacked on April 3, 2018, when <a href="/wiki/2018_YouTube_headquarters_shooting" class="mw-redirect" title="2018 YouTube headquarters shooting">a shooting</a> occurred at YouTube's headquarters in San Bruno, California, which wounded four and resulted in the death of the shooter.<a href="#cite_note-shooting-75">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recent_history_(2019–present)">Recent history (2019–present)</h3></div> By February 2017, one billion hours of YouTube videos were being watched every day, and 400 hours worth of videos were uploaded every minute.<a href="#cite_note-1_billion_hours-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Two years later, the uploads had risen to more than 500 hours per minute.<a href="#cite_note-500_hours_per_minute-8">[8]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, when most of the world was under <a href="/wiki/Stay-at-home_order" title="Stay-at-home order">stay-at-home orders</a>, usage of services like YouTube significantly increased. One data firm[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words">which?</a>] estimated that YouTube was accounting for 15% of all <a href="/wiki/Internet_traffic" title="Internet traffic">internet traffic</a>, twice its pre-pandemic level.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> In response to EU officials requesting that such services reduce bandwidth as to make sure medical entities had sufficient bandwidth to share information, YouTube and <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a> stated they would reduce streaming quality for at least thirty days as to cut bandwidth use of their services by 25% to comply with the EU's request.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> YouTube later announced that they would continue with this move worldwide: "We continue to work closely with governments and network operators around the globe to do our part to minimize stress on the system during this unprecedented situation."<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Following a 2018 complaint alleging violations of the <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Online_Privacy_Protection_Act" title="Children's Online Privacy Protection Act">Children's Online Privacy Protection Act</a> (COPPA),<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> the company was fined $170 million by the FTC for collecting personal information from minors under the age of 13.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> YouTube was also ordered to create systems to increase children's privacy.<a href="#cite_note-verge-coppafine-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> Following criticisms of its implementation of those systems, YouTube started treating all videos designated as "made for kids" as liable under COPPA on January 6, 2020.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> Joining the <a href="/wiki/YouTube_Kids" title="YouTube Kids">YouTube Kids</a> app, the company created a supervised mode, designed more for <a href="/wiki/Preadolescent" class="mw-redirect" title="Preadolescent">tweens</a>, in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> Additionally, to compete with <a href="/wiki/TikTok" title="TikTok">TikTok</a>, YouTube released <a href="/wiki/YouTube_Shorts" title="YouTube Shorts">YouTube Shorts</a>, a short-form video platform.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> During this period, YouTube entered disputes with other tech companies. For over a year, in 2018 and 2019, no YouTube app was available for <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Fire_TV" title="Amazon Fire TV">Amazon Fire</a> products.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> In 2020, <a href="/wiki/Roku" title="Roku">Roku</a> removed the YouTube TV app from its streaming store after the two companies were unable to reach an agreement.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> After testing earlier in 2021, YouTube removed public display of dislike counts on videos in November 2021, claiming the reason for the removal was, based on its internal research, that users often used the dislike feature as a form of <a href="/wiki/Cyberbullying" title="Cyberbullying">cyberbullying</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vote_brigading" title="Vote brigading">brigading</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_YouTube_dislikes-90">[90]</a> While some users praised the move as a way to discourage <a href="/wiki/Internet_troll" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet troll">trolls</a>, others felt that hiding dislikes would make it harder for viewers to recognize <a href="/wiki/Clickbait" title="Clickbait">clickbait</a> or unhelpful videos and that other features already existed for creators to limit bullying. YouTube co-founder <a href="/wiki/Jawed_Karim" title="Jawed Karim">Jawed Karim</a> referred to the update as "a stupid idea", and that the real reason behind the change was "not a good one, and not one that will be publicly disclosed." He felt that users' ability on a social platform to identify harmful content was essential, saying, "The process works, and there's a name for it: the <a href="/wiki/Wisdom_of_the_crowd" title="Wisdom of the crowd">wisdom of the crowds</a>. The process breaks when the platform interferes with it. Then, the platform invariably declines."<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> Shortly after the announcement, software developer Dmitry Selivanov created Return YouTube Dislike, an <a href="/wiki/Open_source" title="Open source">open-source</a>, third-party <a href="/wiki/Browser_extension" title="Browser extension">browser extension</a> for <a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Chrome</a> and <a href="/wiki/Firefox" title="Firefox">Firefox</a> that allows users to see a video's number of dislikes.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> In a letter published on January 25, 2022, by then YouTube CEO <a href="/wiki/Susan_Wojcicki" title="Susan Wojcicki">Susan Wojcicki</a>, acknowledged that removing public dislike counts was a controversial decision, but reiterated that she stands by this decision, claiming that "it reduced dislike attacks."<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> In 2022, YouTube launched an experiment where the company would show users who watched longer videos on TVs a long chain of short un-skippable adverts, intending to consolidate all ads into the beginning of a video. Following public outrage over the unprecedented amount of un-skippable ads, YouTube "ended" the experiment on September 19 of that year.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> In October, YouTube announced that they would be rolling out customizable user handles in addition to channel names, which would also become channel URLs.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> On February 16, 2023, Wojcicki announced that she would step down as CEO, with <a href="/wiki/Neal_Mohan" title="Neal Mohan">Neal Mohan</a> named as her successor. Wojcicki took on an advisory role for Google and parent company <a href="/wiki/Alphabet_Inc." title="Alphabet Inc.">Alphabet</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Wojcicki_steps_down-98">[98]</a> Wojcicki died a year and a half later, on August 9, 2024.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> In late October 2023, YouTube began cracking down on the use of <a href="/wiki/Ad_blocker" class="mw-redirect" title="Ad blocker">ad blockers</a> on the platform. Users of ad blockers may be given a pop-up warning saying "Video player will be blocked after 3 videos". Users of ad blockers are shown a message asking them to allow ads or inviting them to subscribe to the ad-free <a href="/wiki/YouTube_Premium" title="YouTube Premium">YouTube Premium</a> subscription plan. YouTube says that the use of ad blockers violates its terms of service.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> In April 2024, YouTube announced it would be "strengthening our enforcement on third-party apps that violate YouTube's Terms of Service, specifically ad-blocking apps".<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Senior_leadership">Senior leadership</h2></div> YouTube has been led by a CEO since its founding in 2005, beginning with <a href="/wiki/Chad_Hurley" title="Chad Hurley">Chad Hurley</a>, who led the company until 2010. After Google's acquisition of YouTube, the CEO role was retained. <a href="/wiki/Salar_Kamangar" title="Salar Kamangar">Salar Kamangar</a> took over Hurley's position and kept the job until 2014. He was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Susan_Wojcicki" title="Susan Wojcicki">Susan Wojcicki</a>, who later resigned in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-Wojcicki_steps_down-98">[98]</a> The current CEO is <a href="/wiki/Neal_Mohan" title="Neal Mohan">Neal Mohan</a>, who was appointed on February 16, 2023.<a href="#cite_note-Wojcicki_steps_down-98">[98]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_YouTube_features" title="List of YouTube features">List of YouTube features</a></div> YouTube offers different features based on user verification, such as standard or basic features like uploading videos, creating playlists, and using <a href="/wiki/YouTube_Music" title="YouTube Music">YouTube Music</a>, with limits based on daily activity (verification via phone number or channel history increases feature availability and daily usage limits); intermediate or additional features like longer videos (over 15 minutes), live streaming, custom thumbnails, and creating podcasts; advanced features like content ID appeals, embedding live streams, applying for monetization, clickable links, adding chapters, and pinning comments on videos or posts.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Videos">Videos</h2></div> In January 2012, it was estimated that visitors to YouTube spent an average of 15 minutes a day on the site, in contrast to the four or five hours a day spent by a typical US citizen watching television.<a href="#cite_note-seabrook20120116-104">[104]</a> In 2017, viewers on average watched YouTube on mobile devices for more than an hour every day.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> In December 2012, two billion views were removed from the view counts of Universal and <a href="/wiki/Sony_Music_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony Music Entertainment">Sony</a> music videos on YouTube, prompting a claim by <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Dot" title="The Daily Dot">The Daily Dot</a> that the views had been deleted due to a violation of the site's terms of service, which ban the use of automated processes to inflate view counts. This was disputed by Billboard, which said that the two billion views had been moved to Vevo, since the videos were no longer active on YouTube.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> On August 5, 2015, YouTube patched the formerly notorious behavior which caused a video's view count to freeze at "301" (later "301+") until the actual count was verified to prevent <a href="/wiki/Click_fraud" title="Click fraud">view count fraud</a>.<a href="#cite_note-numberphile-108">[108]</a> YouTube view counts once again updated in real time.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> Since September 2019, subscriber counts are abbreviated. Only three leading digits of channels' subscriber counts are indicated publicly, compromising the function of third-party real-time indicators such as that of <a href="/wiki/Social_Blade" title="Social Blade">Social Blade</a>. Exact counts remain available to channel operators inside YouTube Studio.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> On November 11, 2021, after testing out this change in March of the same year, YouTube announced it would start hiding dislike counts on videos, making them invisible to viewers. The company stated the decision was in response to experiments which confirmed that smaller YouTube creators were more likely to be targeted in dislike <a href="/wiki/Vote_brigading" title="Vote brigading">brigading</a> and harassment. Creators will still be able to see the number of likes and dislikes in the YouTube Studio dashboard tool, according to YouTube.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> YouTube has an estimate 14 billion videos<a href="#cite_note-:1-10">[10]</a> with about 5% of those never having a view and just over 85% of them have fewer than 1,000 views.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Copyright_issues">Copyright issues</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/YouTube_copyright_issues" title="YouTube copyright issues">YouTube copyright issues</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="#Revenue_to_copyright_holders">§ Revenue to copyright holders</a></div> YouTube has faced numerous challenges and criticisms in its attempts to deal with copyright, including the site's first viral video, <a href="/wiki/Lazy_Sunday_(The_Lonely_Island_song)" title="Lazy Sunday (The Lonely Island song)">Lazy Sunday</a>, which had to be taken down, due to copyright concerns.<a href="#cite_note-First_Launched-33">[33]</a> At the time of uploading a video, YouTube users are shown a message asking them not to violate copyright laws.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> Despite this advice, many unauthorized clips of copyrighted material remain on YouTube. YouTube does not view videos before they are posted online, and it is left to copyright holders to issue a <a href="/wiki/Digital_Millennium_Copyright_Act" title="Digital Millennium Copyright Act">DMCA</a> <a href="/wiki/Takedown_notice" class="mw-redirect" title="Takedown notice">takedown notice</a> pursuant to the terms of the <a href="/wiki/Online_Copyright_Infringement_Liability_Limitation_Act" title="Online Copyright Infringement Liability Limitation Act">Online Copyright Infringement Liability Limitation Act</a>. Any successful complaint about copyright infringement results in a <a href="/wiki/YouTube_copyright_strike" title="YouTube copyright strike">YouTube copyright strike</a>. Three successful complaints for <a href="/wiki/Copyright_infringement" title="Copyright infringement">copyright infringement</a> against a user account will result in the account and all of its uploaded videos being deleted.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> From 2007 to 2009 organizations including <a href="/wiki/Viacom_(2005%E2%80%932019)" title="Viacom (2005–2019)">Viacom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mediaset" title="Mediaset">Mediaset</a>, and the English <a href="/wiki/Premier_League" title="Premier League">Premier League</a> have filed lawsuits against YouTube, claiming that it has done too little to prevent the uploading of copyrighted material.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> In August 2008, a US court ruled in <a href="/wiki/Lenz_v._Universal_Music_Corp." title="Lenz v. Universal Music Corp.">Lenz v. Universal Music Corp.</a> that copyright holders cannot order the removal of an online file without first determining whether the posting reflected <a href="/wiki/Fair_use" title="Fair use">fair use</a> of the material.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> YouTube's owner Google announced in November 2015 that they would help cover the legal cost in select cases where they believe fair use defenses apply.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> In the 2011 case of <a href="/wiki/Smith_v._Summit_Entertainment_LLC" title="Smith v. Summit Entertainment LLC">Smith v. Summit Entertainment LLC</a>, professional singer Matt Smith sued Summit Entertainment for the wrongful use of copyright takedown notices on YouTube.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> He asserted seven <a href="/wiki/Causes_of_action" class="mw-redirect" title="Causes of action">causes of action</a>, and four were ruled in Smith's favor.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> In April 2012, a court in Hamburg ruled that YouTube could be held responsible for copyrighted material posted by its users.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> On November 1, 2016, the dispute with GEMA was resolved, with Google content ID being used to allow advertisements to be added to videos with content protected by GEMA.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> In April 2013, it was reported that <a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group">Universal Music Group</a> and YouTube have a contractual agreement that prevents content blocked on YouTube by a request from UMG from being restored, even if the uploader of the video files a DMCA counter-notice.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> As part of YouTube Music, Universal and YouTube signed an agreement in 2017, which was followed by separate agreements other major labels, which gave the company the right to advertising revenue when its music was played on YouTube.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> By 2019, creators were having videos taken down or demonetized when Content ID identified even short segments of copyrighted music within a much longer video, with different levels of enforcement depending on the record label.<a href="#cite_note-fighting-130">[130]</a> Experts noted that some of these clips said qualified for fair use.<a href="#cite_note-fighting-130">[130]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Content_ID">Content ID</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Content_ID" title="Content ID">Content ID</a></div> In June 2007, YouTube began trials of a system for automatic detection of uploaded videos that infringe copyright. Google CEO Eric Schmidt regarded this system as necessary for resolving lawsuits such as the one from <a href="/wiki/Viacom_(2005%E2%80%932019)" title="Viacom (2005–2019)">Viacom</a>, which alleged that YouTube profited from content that it did not have the right to distribute.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> The system, which was initially called "Video Identification"<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> and later became known as Content ID,<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> creates an ID File for copyrighted audio and video material, and stores it in a database. When a video is uploaded, it is checked against the database, and flags the video as a copyright violation if a match is found.<a href="#cite_note-youtube-135">[135]</a> When this occurs, the content owner has the choice of blocking the video to make it unviewable, tracking the viewing statistics of the video, or adding advertisements to the video. An independent test in 2009 uploaded multiple versions of the same song to YouTube and concluded that while the system was "surprisingly resilient" in finding copyright violations in the audio tracks of videos, it was not infallible.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> The use of Content ID to remove material automatically has led to <a href="/wiki/YouTube_copyright_issues" title="YouTube copyright issues">controversy</a> in some cases, as the videos have not been checked by a human for fair use.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> If a YouTube user disagrees with a decision by Content ID, it is possible to fill in a form disputing the decision.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> Before 2016, videos were not monetized until the dispute was resolved. Since April 2016, videos continue to be monetized while the dispute is in progress, and the money goes to whoever won the dispute.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> Should the uploader want to monetize the video again, they may remove the disputed audio in the "Video Manager".<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> YouTube has cited the effectiveness of Content ID as one of the reasons why the site's rules were modified in December 2010 to allow some users to upload videos of unlimited length.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Moderation_and_offensive_content">Moderation and offensive content</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/YouTube_moderation" title="YouTube moderation">YouTube moderation</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Google#YouTube" title="Criticism of Google">Criticism of Google § YouTube</a>, <a href="/wiki/Censorship_by_Google#YouTube" title="Censorship by Google">Censorship by Google § YouTube</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Content_moderation" title="Content moderation">Content moderation</a></div> YouTube has a set of community guidelines aimed to reduce abuse of the site's features. The uploading of videos containing defamation, pornography, and material encouraging criminal conduct is forbidden by YouTube's "Community Guidelines".<a href="#cite_note-guidelines-142">[142]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] Generally prohibited material includes sexually explicit content, videos of animal abuse, <a href="/wiki/Shock_site" title="Shock site">shock videos</a>, content uploaded without the copyright holder's consent, hate speech, spam, and predatory behavior.<a href="#cite_note-guidelines-142">[142]</a> YouTube relies on its users to flag the content of videos as inappropriate, and a YouTube employee will view a flagged video to determine whether it violates the site's guidelines.<a href="#cite_note-guidelines-142">[142]</a> Despite the guidelines,YouTube has faced criticism over aspects of its operations,<a href="#cite_note-demonetization-143">[143]</a> its <a href="/wiki/Recommender_system" title="Recommender system">recommendation algorithms</a> perpetuating <a href="#Promotion_of_conspiracy_theories_and_fringe_discourse">videos that promote conspiracy theories</a> and falsehoods,<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> hosting videos ostensibly targeting children but containing <a href="/wiki/Elsagate" title="Elsagate">violent or sexually suggestive content involving popular characters</a>,<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> videos of minors attracting <a href="/wiki/Pedophilia" title="Pedophilia">pedophilic</a> activities in their comment sections,<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> and fluctuating policies on the types of content that is eligible to be monetized with advertising.<a href="#cite_note-demonetization-143">[143]</a> YouTube contracts companies to hire content moderators, who view content flagged as potentially violating YouTube's content policies and determines if they should be removed. In September 2020, a class-action suit was filed by a former content moderator who reported developing <a href="/wiki/Post-traumatic_stress_disorder" title="Post-traumatic stress disorder">post-traumatic stress disorder</a> (PTSD) after an 18-month period on the job.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> Controversial moderation decisions have included material relating to <a href="/wiki/Holocaust_denial" title="Holocaust denial">Holocaust denial</a>,<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Hillsborough_disaster" title="Hillsborough disaster">Hillsborough disaster</a>,<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Bourdain" title="Anthony Bourdain">Anthony Bourdain</a>'s death,<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_fire" title="Notre-Dame fire">Notre-Dame fire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> In July 2008, the Culture and Media Committee of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom stated that it was "unimpressed" with YouTube's system for policing its videos, and argued that "proactive review of content should be standard practice for sites hosting user-generated content".<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> In June 2022, <a href="/wiki/Media_Matters" class="mw-redirect" title="Media Matters">Media Matters</a>, a media watchdog group, reported that <a href="/wiki/Homophobic" class="mw-redirect" title="Homophobic">homophobic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Transphobic" class="mw-redirect" title="Transphobic">transphobic</a> content calling LGBT people <a href="/wiki/LGBT_grooming_conspiracy_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT grooming conspiracy theory">"predators" and "groomers"</a> was becoming more common on YouTube.<a href="#cite_note-lawton_20220623-155">[155]</a> The report also referred to common accusations in YouTube videos that LGBT people are <a href="/wiki/Mental_illness" class="mw-redirect" title="Mental illness">mentally ill</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lawton_20220623-155">[155]</a> The report stated the content appeared to be in violation of YouTube's hate speech policy.<a href="#cite_note-lawton_20220623-155">[155]</a> An August 2022 report by the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Countering_Digital_Hate" title="Center for Countering Digital Hate">Center for Countering Digital Hate</a>, a British think tank, found that harassment against women was flourishing on YouTube.<a href="#cite_note-misogyny-156">[156]</a> In his 2022 book Like, Comment, Subscribe: Inside YouTube's Chaotic Rise to World Domination, <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg</a> reporter Mark Bergen said that many female content creators were dealing with harassment, bullying, and stalking.<a href="#cite_note-misogyny-156">[156]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Conspiracy_theories_and_far-right_content">Conspiracy theories and far-right content</h4></div> YouTube has been criticized for using an algorithm that gives great prominence to videos that promote conspiracy theories, falsehoods and incendiary fringe discourse.<a href="#cite_note-Darkest-157">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-secret_life-159">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> According to an investigation by The Wall Street Journal, "YouTube's recommendations often lead users to channels that feature conspiracy theories, partisan viewpoints and misleading videos, even when those users haven't shown interest in such content. When users show a political bias in what they choose to view, YouTube typically recommends videos that echo those biases, often with more-extreme viewpoints."<a href="#cite_note-Darkest-157">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> After YouTube drew controversy for giving top billing to videos promoting falsehoods and conspiracy when people made breaking-news queries during the <a href="/wiki/2017_Las_Vegas_shooting" title="2017 Las Vegas shooting">2017 Las Vegas shooting</a>, YouTube changed its algorithm to give greater prominence to mainstream media sources.<a href="#cite_note-Darkest-157">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> In 2017, it was revealed that advertisements were being placed on extremist videos, including videos by rape apologists, anti-Semites, and hate preachers who received ad payouts.<a href="#cite_note-apologises-165">[165]</a> After firms started to stop advertising on YouTube in the wake of this reporting, YouTube apologized and said that it would give firms greater control over where ads got placed.<a href="#cite_note-apologises-165">[165]</a> University of North Carolina professor <a href="/wiki/Zeynep_Tufekci" title="Zeynep Tufekci">Zeynep Tufekci</a> has referred to YouTube as "The Great Radicalizer", saying "YouTube may be one of the most powerful radicalizing instruments of the 21st century."<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> Jonathan Albright of the Tow Center for Digital Journalism at Columbia University described YouTube as a "conspiracy ecosystem".<a href="#cite_note-secret_life-159">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Use_among_white_supremacists">Use among white supremacists</h5></div> Before 2019, YouTube took steps to remove specific videos or channels related to <a href="/wiki/Supremacism" title="Supremacism">supremacist</a> content that had violated its acceptable use policies but otherwise did not have site-wide policies against <a href="/wiki/Hate_speech" title="Hate speech">hate speech</a>.<a href="#cite_note-youtubeblog_june2019-168">[168]</a> In the wake of the March 2019 <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_mosque_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="Christchurch mosque attacks">Christchurch mosque attacks</a>, YouTube and other sites like Facebook and Twitter that allowed user-submitted content drew criticism for doing little to moderate and control the spread of hate speech, which was considered to be a factor in the rationale for the attacks.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> These platforms were pressured to remove such content, but in an interview with <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, YouTube's then chief product officer Neal Mohan said that unlike content such as <a href="/wiki/ISIS" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIS">ISIS</a> videos which take a particular format and thus easy to detect through computer-aided algorithms, general hate speech was more difficult to recognize and handle, and thus could not readily take action to remove without human interaction.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> In May 2019, YouTube joined an initiative led by France and New Zealand with other countries and tech companies to develop tools to be used to block <a href="/wiki/Online_hate_speech" title="Online hate speech">online hate speech</a> and to develop regulations, to be implemented at the national level, to be levied against technology firms that failed to take steps to remove such speech, though the United States declined to participate.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> Subsequently, on June 5, 2019, YouTube announced a major change to its terms of service and further stated it would "remove content denying that well-documented violent events, like the Holocaust or <a href="/wiki/Sandy_Hook_Elementary_School_shooting" title="Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting">the shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary</a>, took place."<a href="#cite_note-youtubeblog_june2019-168">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> In June 2020, YouTube was criticized for allowing white supremacist content on its platform for years after it announced it would be pledging $1 million to fight racial injustice.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> Later that month, it banned several channels associated with white supremacy, including those of <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Molyneux" title="Stefan Molyneux">Stefan Molyneux</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Duke" title="David Duke">David Duke</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Spencer" title="Richard B. Spencer">Richard B. Spencer</a>, asserting these channels violated their policies on hate speech.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Misinformation_and_handling_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic">Misinformation and handling of the COVID-19 pandemic</h4></div> Multiple research studies have investigated cases of misinformation in YouTube. In a July 2019 study based on ten YouTube searches using the <a href="/wiki/Tor_Browser" class="mw-redirect" title="Tor Browser">Tor Browser</a> related to climate and climate change, the majority of videos were videos that communicated views contrary to the <a href="/wiki/Scientific_consensus_on_climate_change" title="Scientific consensus on climate change">scientific consensus on climate change</a>.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> A May 2023 study found that YouTube was monetizing and profiting from videos that included misinformation about climate change.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> A 2019 BBC investigation of YouTube searches in ten different languages found that YouTube's algorithm promoted health misinformation, including fake cancer cures.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> In Brazil, YouTube has been linked to pushing pseudoscientific misinformation on health matters, as well as elevated far-right fringe discourse and conspiracy theories.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> In the Philippines, numerous channels disseminated misinformation related to the <a href="/wiki/2022_Philippine_general_election" title="2022 Philippine general election">2022 Philippine elections</a>.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> Additionally, research on the dissemination of <a href="/wiki/Modern_flat_Earth_beliefs" title="Modern flat Earth beliefs">Flat Earth</a> beliefs in social media, has shown that networks of YouTube channels form an echo chamber that polarizes audiences by appearing to confirm preexisting beliefs.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> In 2018, YouTube introduced a system that would automatically add information boxes to videos that its algorithms determined may present conspiracy theories and other <a href="/wiki/Fake_news" title="Fake news">fake news</a>, filling the infobox with content from <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> as a means to inform users to minimize misinformation propagation without impacting freedom of speech.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> In 2023, YouTube revealed its changes in handling content associated with <a href="/wiki/Eating_disorder" title="Eating disorder">eating disorders</a>. This social media platform's Community Guidelines now prohibit content that could encourage emulation from at-risk users.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> In January 2019, YouTube said that it had introduced a new policy starting in the United States intended to stop recommending videos containing "content that could misinform users in harmful ways." YouTube gave <a href="/wiki/Modern_flat_Earth_societies" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern flat Earth societies">flat earth theories</a>, miracle cures, and <a href="/wiki/9/11_Truth_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="9/11 Truth movement">9/11 truther-isms</a> as examples.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> Efforts within YouTube engineering to stop recommending borderline extremist videos falling just short of forbidden hate speech, and track their popularity were originally rejected because they could interfere with viewer engagement.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> In July 2022, YouTube announced policies to combat misinformation surrounding <a href="/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion">abortion</a>, such as videos with instructions to perform abortion methods that are considered unsafe and videos that contain misinformation about the <a href="/wiki/Safety_of_abortion" class="mw-redirect" title="Safety of abortion">safety of abortion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> Google and YouTube implemented policies in October 2021 to deny monetization or revenue to advertisers or content creators that promoted <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_denial" title="Climate change denial">climate change denial</a>.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> In January 2024, the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Countering_Digital_Hate" title="Center for Countering Digital Hate">Center for Countering Digital Hate</a> reported that climate change deniers were instead pushing other forms of climate change denial that have not yet been banned by YouTube.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> Following the dissemination via YouTube of <a href="/wiki/Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Misinformation related to the COVID-19 pandemic">misinformation related to the COVID-19 pandemic</a> that <a href="/wiki/5G" title="5G">5G</a> communications technology was responsible for the spread of <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronavirus disease 2019">coronavirus disease 2019</a> which led to multiple 5G towers in the United Kingdom being attacked by arsonists, YouTube removed all such videos linking 5G and the coronavirus in this manner.<a href="#cite_note-guardian-youtube-to-suppress-content-spreading-coronavirus-5g-conspiracy-theory-192">[192]</a> In September 2021, YouTube extended this policy to cover videos disseminating misinformation related to any vaccine, including those long approved against measles or Hepatitis B, that had received approval from local health authorities or the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WaPo20210929-193">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT20210929-194">[194]</a> The platform proceeded to remove the accounts of anti-vaccine campaigners such as <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr." title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr.">Robert F. Kennedy Jr.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Mercola" title="Joseph Mercola">Joseph Mercola</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYT20210929-194">[194]</a> YouTube had extended this moderation to non-medical areas. In the weeks following the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 United States presidential election</a>, the site added policies to remove or label videos promoting election fraud claims;<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> however, it reversed this policy in June 2023, citing that the removal was necessary to "openly debate political ideas, even those that are controversial or based on disproven assumptions".<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Child_safety_and_wellbeing">Child safety and wellbeing</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/FamilyOFive" class="mw-redirect" title="FamilyOFive">FamilyOFive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Adventures_scandal" title="Fantastic Adventures scandal">Fantastic Adventures scandal</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Elsagate" title="Elsagate">Elsagate</a></div> Leading into 2017, there was a significant increase in the number of videos related to children, coupled between the popularity of parents vlogging their family's activities, and previous content creators moving away from content that often was criticized or demonetized into family-friendly material. In 2017, YouTube reported that time watching family vloggers had increased by 90%.<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> However, with the increase in videos featuring children, the site began to face several controversies related to <a href="/wiki/Child_protection" title="Child protection">child safety</a>, including with popular channels <a href="/wiki/FamilyOFive" class="mw-redirect" title="FamilyOFive">FamilyOFive</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Adventures_scandal" title="Fantastic Adventures scandal">Fantastic Adventures</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ohlheiser2017-201">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cresci2017-202">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dunphy2017-203">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gajanan2017-204">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> Later that year, YouTube came under criticism for showing inappropriate videos targeted at children and often featuring popular characters in violent, sexual or otherwise disturbing situations, many of which appeared on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_Kids" title="YouTube Kids">YouTube Kids</a> and attracted millions of views. The term "<a href="/wiki/Elsagate" title="Elsagate">Elsagate</a>" was coined on the Internet and then used by various news outlets to refer to this controversy.<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT-208">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-forbes-209">[209]</a> Following the criticism, YouTube announced it was strengthening site security to protect children from unsuitable content and the company started to mass delete videos and channels that made improper use of family-friendly characters. As part of a broader concern regarding child safety on YouTube, the wave of deletions also targeted channels that showed children taking part in inappropriate or dangerous activities under the guidance of adults.<a href="#cite_note-auto-210">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-verge-211">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a> Even for content that appears to be aimed at children and appears to contain only child-friendly content, YouTube's system allows for anonymity of who uploads these videos. These questions have been raised in the past, as YouTube has had to remove channels with children's content which, after becoming popular, then suddenly include inappropriate content masked as children's content.<a href="#cite_note-WSJ_kids_love-216">[216]</a> The anonymity of such channel raise concerns because of the lack of knowledge of what purpose they are trying to serve.<a href="#cite_note-vice_kids_content-217">[217]</a> The difficulty to identify who operates these channels "adds to the lack of accountability", according to Josh Golin of the <a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_a_Commercial-Free_Childhood" class="mw-redirect" title="Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood">Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood</a>, and educational consultant Renée Chernow-O'Leary found the videos were designed to entertain with no intent to educate, all leading to critics and parents to be concerned for their children becoming too enraptured by the content from these channels.<a href="#cite_note-WSJ_kids_love-216">[216]</a> Content creators that earnestly make child-friendly videos have found it difficult to compete with larger channels, unable to produce content at the same rate as them, and lacking the same means of being promoted through YouTube's recommendation algorithms that the larger animated channel networks have shared.<a href="#cite_note-vice_kids_content-217">[217]</a> In January 2019, YouTube officially banned videos containing "challenges that encourage acts that have an inherent risk of severe physical harm" (such as the <a href="/wiki/Consumption_of_Tide_Pods" title="Consumption of Tide Pods">Tide Pod Challenge</a>) and videos featuring pranks that "make victims believe they're in physical danger" or cause emotional distress in children.<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sexualization_of_children_and_pedophilia">Sexualization of children and pedophilia</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Elsagate" title="Elsagate">Elsagate</a></div> In November 2017, it was revealed in the media that many videos featuring children—often uploaded by the minors themselves, and showing innocent content such as the children playing with toys or performing gymnastics—were attracting comments from <a href="/wiki/Pedophilia" title="Pedophilia">pedophiles</a><a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-habits-220">[220]</a> with predators finding the videos through private YouTube playlists or typing in certain keywords in Russian.<a href="#cite_note-habits-220">[220]</a> Other child-centric videos originally uploaded to YouTube began propagating on the <a href="/wiki/Dark_web" title="Dark web">dark web</a>, and uploaded or embedded onto forums known to be used by pedophiles.<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a> As a result of the controversy, which added to the concern about "Elsagate", several major advertisers whose ads had been running against such videos froze spending on YouTube.<a href="#cite_note-forbes-209">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> In December 2018, <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a> found more than 100 grooming cases in which children were manipulated into sexually implicit behavior (such as taking off clothes, adopting overtly sexual poses and touching other children inappropriately) by strangers.<a href="#cite_note-Paedophiles-223">[223]</a> In February 2019, YouTube vlogger Matt Watson identified a "wormhole" that would cause the YouTube recommendation algorithm to draw users into this type of video content, and make all of that user's recommended content feature only these types of videos.<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a> Most of these videos had comments from sexual predators commenting with timestamps of when the children were shown in compromising positions or otherwise making indecent remarks.<a href="#cite_note-bloomberg_mwatson-225">[225]</a> In the wake of the controversy, the service reported that they had deleted over 400 channels and tens of millions of comments, and reported the offending users to law enforcement and the <a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Missing_and_Exploited_Children" class="mw-redirect" title="National Center for Missing and Exploited Children">National Center for Missing and Exploited Children</a>.<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a> Despite these measures several large advertisers pulled their advertising from YouTube.<a href="#cite_note-bloomberg_mwatson-225">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a> Subsequently, YouTube began to demonetize and block advertising on the types of videos that have drawn these predatory comments.<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a> YouTube also began to flag channels that predominantly feature children, and preemptively disable their comments sections.<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a><a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> A related attempt to algorithmically flag videos containing references to the string "CP" (an abbreviation of <a href="/wiki/Child_pornography" title="Child pornography">child pornography</a>) resulted in some prominent false positives involving unrelated topics using the same abbreviation. YouTube apologized for the errors and reinstated the affected videos.<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> In June 2019, The New York Times cited researchers who found that users who watched erotic videos could be recommended seemingly innocuous videos of children.<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russia">Russia</h3></div> In 2021, two accounts linked to <a href="/wiki/RT_Deutsch" class="mw-redirect" title="RT Deutsch">RT Deutsch</a>, the German channel of the Russian <a href="/wiki/RT_(TV_network)" title="RT (TV network)">RT</a> network were removed as well for breaching YouTube's policies relating to COVID-19.<a href="#cite_note-WaPo20210929-193">[193]</a> Russia threatened to ban YouTube after the platform deleted two German RT channels in September 2021.<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a> Shortly after the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> in 2022, YouTube removed all channels funded by the Russian state.<a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> YouTube expanded the removal of Russian content from its site to include channels described as 'pro-Russian'. In June 2022, the War Gonzo channel run by Russian military blogger and journalist <a href="/wiki/Semyon_Pegov" title="Semyon Pegov">Semyon Pegov</a> was deleted.<a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a> In July 2023, YouTube removed the channel of British journalist <a href="/wiki/Graham_Phillips_(journalist)" title="Graham Phillips (journalist)">Graham Phillips</a>, active in covering the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">War in Donbas</a> from 2014.<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> In August 2023, a Moscow court fined Google 3 million rubles, around $35,000, for not deleting what it said was "fake news about the war in Ukraine".<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a> In October 2024, a Russian court has fined its parent company Google a grand total of 2 undecillion <a href="/wiki/Russian_ruble" title="Russian ruble">rubles</a> (equivalent to US$20 decillion) for restricting Russian state media channels on YouTube.<a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a> The fine imposed by Russia is far greater than the world's total GDP, estimated at US$110 trillion by the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>.<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> News agency <a href="/wiki/TASS" title="TASS">TASS</a> reported that Google is allowed to return to the Russian market only if it complies with the court's decision.<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a> Kremlin spokesperson <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Peskov" title="Dmitry Peskov">Dmitry Peskov</a> labeled the court decision as "symbolic" and warned Google that it “should not be restricting the actions of our broadcasters on its platform.”<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April_Fools_gags">April Fools gags</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Google_April_Fools%27_Day_jokes" title="List of Google April Fools' Day jokes">List of Google April Fools' Day jokes</a></div> YouTube featured an <a href="/wiki/April_Fools%27_Day" title="April Fools' Day">April Fools</a> prank on the site on April 1 of every year from 2008 to 2016. In 2008, all links to videos on the main page were redirected to <a href="/wiki/Rick_Astley" title="Rick Astley">Rick Astley</a>'s music video "<a href="/wiki/Never_Gonna_Give_You_Up" title="Never Gonna Give You Up">Never Gonna Give You Up</a>", a prank known as "<a href="/wiki/Rickrolling" title="Rickrolling">rickrolling</a>".<a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a> The next year, when clicking on a video on the main page, the whole page turned upside down, which YouTube claimed was a "new layout".<a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a> In 2010, YouTube temporarily released a "TEXTp" mode which rendered video imagery into <a href="/wiki/ASCII_art" title="ASCII art">ASCII art</a> letters "in order to reduce bandwidth costs by $1 per second."<a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a> The next year, the site celebrated its "100th anniversary" with a range of sepia-toned silent, early 1900s-style films, including a parody of <a href="/wiki/Keyboard_Cat" title="Keyboard Cat">Keyboard Cat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a> In 2012, clicking on the image of a DVD next to the site logo led to a video about a purported option to order every YouTube video for home delivery on DVD.<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a> In 2013, YouTube teamed up with satirical newspaper company <a href="/wiki/The_Onion" title="The Onion">The Onion</a> to claim in an uploaded video that the video-sharing website was launched as a contest which had finally come to an end, and would shut down for ten years before being re-launched in 2023, featuring only the winning video. The video starred several <a href="/wiki/Internet_celebrity" title="Internet celebrity">YouTube celebrities</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Dodson" title="Antoine Dodson">Antoine Dodson</a>. A video of two presenters announcing the nominated videos streamed live for 12 hours.<a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a> In 2014, YouTube announced that it was responsible for the creation of all viral video trends, and revealed previews of upcoming trends, such as "Clocking", "Kissing Dad", and "Glub Glub Water Dance".<a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a> The next year, YouTube added a music button to the video bar that played samples from "<a href="/wiki/Sandstorm_(instrumental)" title="Sandstorm (instrumental)">Sandstorm</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Darude" title="Darude">Darude</a>.<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a> In 2016, YouTube introduced an option to watch every video on the platform in 360-degree mode with <a href="/wiki/Snoop_Dogg" title="Snoop Dogg">Snoop Dogg</a>.<a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Services">Services</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="YouTube_Premium">YouTube Premium</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/YouTube_Premium" title="YouTube Premium">YouTube Premium</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:YouTube_Premium_logo_2024.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/YouTube_Premium_logo_2024.svg/220px-YouTube_Premium_logo_2024.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/YouTube_Premium_logo_2024.svg/330px-YouTube_Premium_logo_2024.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/YouTube_Premium_logo_2024.svg/440px-YouTube_Premium_logo_2024.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="101" data-file-height="20" /></a><figcaption>Logo of YouTube Premium</figcaption></figure> YouTube Premium (formerly YouTube Red) is YouTube's premium subscription service. It offers advertising-free streaming, access to <a href="/wiki/YouTube_Originals" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube Originals">original programming</a>, and background and offline video playback on mobile devices.<a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a> YouTube Premium was originally announced on November 12, 2014, as "Music Key", a <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_on-demand_music_streaming_services" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparison of on-demand music streaming services">subscription music streaming</a> service, and was intended to integrate with and replace the existing Google Play Music "All Access" service.<a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a><a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a><a href="#cite_note-Variety_Music_Key-257">[257]</a> On October 28, 2015, the service was relaunched as YouTube Red, offering ad-free streaming of all videos and access to exclusive original content.<a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a><a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a> As of November 2016<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=YouTube&action=edit">[update]</a>, the service has 1.5 million subscribers, with a further million on a free-trial basis.<a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a> As of June 2017<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=YouTube&action=edit">[update]</a>, the first season of <a href="/wiki/List_of_YouTube_Premium_original_programming" title="List of YouTube Premium original programming">YouTube Originals</a> had received 250 million views in total.<a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="YouTube_Kids">YouTube Kids</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/YouTube_Kids" title="YouTube Kids">YouTube Kids</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:YouTube_Kids_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/YouTube_Kids_logo.svg/220px-YouTube_Kids_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/YouTube_Kids_logo.svg/330px-YouTube_Kids_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/YouTube_Kids_logo.svg/440px-YouTube_Kids_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="136" data-file-height="24" /></a><figcaption>Logo of YouTube Kids</figcaption></figure> YouTube Kids is an American children's video app developed by YouTube, a subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>. The app was developed in response to parental and government scrutiny on the content available to children. The app provides a version of the service-oriented towards children, with curated selections of content, parental control features, and filtering of videos deemed inappropriate viewing for children aged under 13, 8 or 5 depending on the age grouping chosen. First released on February 15, 2015, as an <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> and <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> <a href="/wiki/Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">mobile app</a>, the app has since been released for <a href="/wiki/LG_Electronics" title="LG Electronics">LG</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samsung_Electronics" title="Samsung Electronics">Samsung</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a> <a href="/wiki/Smart_TV" title="Smart TV">smart TVs</a>, as well as for <a href="/wiki/Android_TV" title="Android TV">Android TV</a>. On May 27, 2020, it became available on <a href="/wiki/Apple_TV" title="Apple TV">Apple TV</a>. As of September 2019, the app is available in 69 countries, including Hong Kong and Macau, and one province. YouTube launched a web-based version of YouTube Kids on August 30, 2019. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="YouTube_Music">YouTube Music</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/YouTube_Music" title="YouTube Music">YouTube Music</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:YouTube_Music_2024.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/YouTube_Music_2024.svg/220px-YouTube_Music_2024.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/YouTube_Music_2024.svg/330px-YouTube_Music_2024.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/YouTube_Music_2024.svg/440px-YouTube_Music_2024.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1545" data-file-height="528" /></a><figcaption>Logo of YouTube Music</figcaption></figure> On September 28, 2016, YouTube named <a href="/wiki/Lyor_Cohen" title="Lyor Cohen">Lyor Cohen</a>, the co-founder of <a href="/wiki/300_Entertainment" title="300 Entertainment">300 Entertainment</a> and former <a href="/wiki/Warner_Music_Group" title="Warner Music Group">Warner Music Group</a> executive, the Global Head of Music.<a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a> In early 2018, Cohen began hinting at the possible launch of YouTube's new subscription music streaming service, a platform that would compete with other services such as <a href="/wiki/Spotify" title="Spotify">Spotify</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apple_Music" title="Apple Music">Apple Music</a>.<a href="#cite_note-264">[264]</a> On May 22, 2018, the music streaming platform named "YouTube Music" was launched.<a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a><a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="YouTube_Movies_&_TV">YouTube Movies & TV</h3></div> YouTube Movies & TV is a <a href="/wiki/Video_on_demand" title="Video on demand">video on demand</a> service that offers movies and television shows for purchase or rental, depending on availability, along with a selection of movies (encompassing between 100 and 500 titles overall) that are free to stream, with interspersed ad breaks. YouTube began offering free-to-view movie titles to its users in November 2018; selections of new movies are added and others removed, unannounced each month.<a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a> In March 2021, Google announced plans to gradually <a href="/wiki/Deprecate" class="mw-redirect" title="Deprecate">deprecate</a> the Google Play Movies & TV app, and eventually migrate all users to the YouTube app's Movies & TV store to view, rent and purchase movies and TV shows (first affecting Roku, Samsung, LG, and Vizio smart TV users on July 15).<a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a><a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a> Google Play Movies & TV formally shut down on January 17, 2024, with the web version of that platform migrated to YouTube as an expansion of the Movies & TV store to desktop users. (Other functions of Google Play Movies & TV were integrated into the <a href="/wiki/Google_TV_(service)" title="Google TV (service)">Google TV</a> service.)<a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="YouTube_Primetime_Channels">YouTube Primetime Channels</h4></div> On November 1, 2022, YouTube launched Primetime Channels, a channel store platform offering third-party subscription streaming add-ons sold a la carte through the YouTube website and app, competing with similar subscription add-on stores operated by <a href="/wiki/Apple_TV_app#Apple_TV_Channels" title="Apple TV app">Apple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Prime_Video#Amazon_Channels" title="Amazon Prime Video">Prime Video</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Roku_Channel" title="The Roku Channel">Roku</a>. The add-ons can be purchased through the YouTube Movies & TV hub or through the official YouTube channels of the available services; subscribers of YouTube TV add-ons that are sold through Primetime Channels can also access their content via the YouTube app and website. A total of 34 streaming services (including <a href="/wiki/Paramount%2B" title="Paramount+">Paramount+</a>, <a href="/wiki/Showtime_(TV_network)" title="Showtime (TV network)">Showtime</a>, <a href="/wiki/Starz" title="Starz">Starz</a>, <a href="/wiki/MGM%2B" title="MGM+">MGM+</a>, <a href="/wiki/AMC%2B" title="AMC+">AMC+</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vix_(streaming_service)" title="Vix (streaming service)">ViX+</a>) were initially available for purchase.<a href="#cite_note-271">[271]</a><a href="#cite_note-272">[272]</a> <a href="/wiki/NFL_Sunday_Ticket" title="NFL Sunday Ticket">NFL Sunday Ticket</a>, as part of a broader residential distribution deal with Google signed in December 2022 that also made it available to YouTube TV subscribers, was added to Primetime Channels as a standalone add-on on <a href="/wiki/2023_NFL_season" title="2023 NFL season">August 16, 2023</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nfl-sunday-273">[273]</a><a href="#cite_note-NFLNews-274">[274]</a> The ad-free tier of <a href="/wiki/Max_(streaming_service)" title="Max (streaming service)">Max</a> was added to Primetime Channels on December 12, 2023, coinciding with YouTube TV converting its separate HBO (for base plan subscribers) and HBO Max (for all subscribers) linear/VOD add-ons into a single combined Max offering.<a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a><a href="#cite_note-276">[276]</a><a href="#cite_note-277">[note 1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="YouTube_TV">YouTube TV</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/YouTube_TV" title="YouTube TV">YouTube TV</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:YouTube_TV_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/YouTube_TV_logo.svg/220px-YouTube_TV_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/YouTube_TV_logo.svg/330px-YouTube_TV_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/YouTube_TV_logo.svg/440px-YouTube_TV_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="464" data-file-height="87" /></a><figcaption>Logo of YouTube TV</figcaption></figure> On February 28, 2017, in a press announcement held at YouTube Space Los Angeles, YouTube announced YouTube TV, an <a href="/wiki/Over-the-top_media_service" title="Over-the-top media service">over-the-top</a> <a href="/wiki/Multichannel_video_programming_distributor" class="mw-redirect" title="Multichannel video programming distributor">MVPD</a>-style subscription service that would be available for United States customers at a price of US$65 per month. Initially launching in five major markets (<a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> and <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>) on April 5, 2017,<a href="#cite_note-278">[277]</a><a href="#cite_note-279">[278]</a> the service offers live streams of programming from the five major broadcast networks (<a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a>, <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_CW" title="The CW">The CW</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">Fox</a> and <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>, along with selected <a href="/wiki/MyNetworkTV" title="MyNetworkTV">MyNetworkTV</a> affiliates and <a href="/wiki/Independent_station" title="Independent station">independent stations</a> in certain markets), as well as approximately 60 cable channels owned by companies such as <a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">The Walt Disney Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Global" title="Paramount Global">Paramount Global</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fox_Corporation" title="Fox Corporation">Fox Corporation</a>, <a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal" title="NBCUniversal">NBCUniversal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allen_Media_Group" title="Allen Media Group">Allen Media Group</a> and <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Discovery" title="Warner Bros. Discovery">Warner Bros. Discovery</a> (including among others <a href="/wiki/Bravo_(American_TV_network)" title="Bravo (American TV network)">Bravo</a>, <a href="/wiki/USA_Network" title="USA Network">USA Network</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syfy" title="Syfy">Syfy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Disney_Channel" title="Disney Channel">Disney Channel</a>, <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cartoon_Network" title="Cartoon Network">Cartoon Network</a>, <a href="/wiki/E!" title="E!">E!</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fox_Sports_1" title="Fox Sports 1">Fox Sports 1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freeform_(TV_channel)" title="Freeform (TV channel)">Freeform</a>, <a href="/wiki/FX_(TV_channel)" title="FX (TV channel)">FX</a> and <a href="/wiki/ESPN" title="ESPN">ESPN</a>).<a href="#cite_note-bbc-yttv-280">[279]</a><a href="#cite_note-fortune-yttv-281">[280]</a> Subscribers can also receive premium cable channels (including <a href="/wiki/HBO" title="HBO">HBO</a> (via a combined <a href="/wiki/Max_(streaming_service)" title="Max (streaming service)">Max</a> add-on that includes in-app and log-in access to the service), <a href="/wiki/Cinemax" title="Cinemax">Cinemax</a>, <a href="/wiki/Showtime_(TV_network)" title="Showtime (TV network)">Showtime</a>, <a href="/wiki/Starz" title="Starz">Starz</a> and <a href="/wiki/MGM%2B" title="MGM+">MGM+</a>) and other subscription services (such as <a href="/wiki/NFL_Sunday_Ticket" title="NFL Sunday Ticket">NFL Sunday Ticket</a>, <a href="/wiki/MLB.tv" class="mw-redirect" title="MLB.tv">MLB.tv</a>, <a href="/wiki/NBA_League_Pass" title="NBA League Pass">NBA League Pass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Curiosity_Stream" title="Curiosity Stream">Curiosity Stream</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fox_Nation" title="Fox Nation">Fox Nation</a>) as optional add-ons for an extra fee, and can access <a href="/wiki/YouTube_Premium" title="YouTube Premium">YouTube Premium</a> original content.<a href="#cite_note-bbc-yttv-280">[279]</a><a href="#cite_note-fortune-yttv-281">[280]</a> In September 2022, YouTube TV began allowing customers to purchase most of its premium add-ons (excluding certain services such as NBA League Pass and <a href="/wiki/AMC%2B" title="AMC+">AMC+</a>) without an existing subscription to its base package.<a href="#cite_note-282">[281]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="YouTube_Go">YouTube Go</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:YouTube_Go.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/YouTube_Go.svg/220px-YouTube_Go.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/YouTube_Go.svg/330px-YouTube_Go.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/YouTube_Go.svg/440px-YouTube_Go.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="473" data-file-height="86" /></a><figcaption>Logo of YouTube Go</figcaption></figure> In September 2016, YouTube Go was announced,<a href="#cite_note-283">[282]</a> as an <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> app created for making YouTube easier to access on mobile devices in <a href="/wiki/Emerging_market" title="Emerging market">emerging markets</a>. It was distinct from the company's main Android app and allowed videos to be downloaded and shared with other users. It also allowed users to preview videos, share downloaded videos through <a href="/wiki/Bluetooth" title="Bluetooth">Bluetooth</a>, and offered more options for mobile data control and <a href="/wiki/Display_resolution" title="Display resolution">video resolution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pd-284">[283]</a> In February 2017, YouTube Go was launched in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, and expanded in November 2017 to 14 other countries, including <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>, and <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-285">[284]</a><a href="#cite_note-mashhhh-286">[285]</a> On February 1, 2018, it was rolled out in 130 countries worldwide, including <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>. Before it shut down, the app was available to around 60% of the world's population.<a href="#cite_note-287">[286]</a><a href="#cite_note-288">[287]</a> In May 2022, Google announced that they would be shutting down YouTube Go in August 2022.<a href="#cite_note-289">[288]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="YouTube_Shorts">YouTube Shorts</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/YouTube_Shorts" title="YouTube Shorts">YouTube Shorts</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/TikTok_and_YouTube_Shorts_example.webm/220px--TikTok_and_YouTube_Shorts_example.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="390" data-durationhint="15" data-mwtitle="TikTok_and_YouTube_Shorts_example.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:TikTok_and_YouTube_Shorts_example.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/28/TikTok_and_YouTube_Shorts_example.webm/TikTok_and_YouTube_Shorts_example.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="270" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/28/TikTok_and_YouTube_Shorts_example.webm/TikTok_and_YouTube_Shorts_example.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="608" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/28/TikTok_and_YouTube_Shorts_example.webm/TikTok_and_YouTube_Shorts_example.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="406" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/TikTok_and_YouTube_Shorts_example.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1082" data-height="1920" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/28/TikTok_and_YouTube_Shorts_example.webm/TikTok_and_YouTube_Shorts_example.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="136" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/28/TikTok_and_YouTube_Shorts_example.webm/TikTok_and_YouTube_Shorts_example.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="202" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/28/TikTok_and_YouTube_Shorts_example.webm/TikTok_and_YouTube_Shorts_example.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="202" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ATikTok_and_YouTube_Shorts_example.webm&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video><figcaption>An example video that is suitable for YouTube Shorts, showing <a href="/wiki/Crew_Dragon_Endeavour" title="Crew Dragon Endeavour">Crew Dragon Endeavour</a> docking at the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a></figcaption></figure> In September 2020, YouTube announced that it would be launching a beta version of a new platform of 15-second videos, similar to <a href="/wiki/TikTok" title="TikTok">TikTok</a>, called <a href="/wiki/YouTube_Shorts" title="YouTube Shorts">YouTube Shorts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-290">[289]</a><a href="#cite_note-291">[290]</a> The platform was first tested in India but as of March 2021 has expanded to other countries including the United States with videos now able to be up to 1 minute long.<a href="#cite_note-292">[291]</a> The platform is not a standalone app, but is integrated into the main YouTube app. Like TikTok, it gives users access to built-in creative tools, including the possibility of adding licensed music to their videos.<a href="#cite_note-293">[292]</a> The platform had its global beta launch in July 2021.<a href="#cite_note-294">[293]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="YouTube_Stories">YouTube Stories</h3></div> In 2018, YouTube started testing a new feature initially called "YouTube Reels".<a href="#cite_note-295">[294]</a> The feature was nearly identical to <a href="/wiki/Instagram_Stories" class="mw-redirect" title="Instagram Stories">Instagram Stories</a> and <a href="/wiki/Snapchat#Stories_and_Discover" title="Snapchat">Snapchat Stories</a>. YouTube later renamed the feature "YouTube Stories". It was only available to creators who had more than 10,000 subscribers and could only be posted/seen in the YouTube mobile app.<a href="#cite_note-296">[295]</a> On May 25, 2023, YouTube announced that they would be shutting down this feature on June 26, 2023.<a href="#cite_note-Google_Help-297">[296]</a><a href="#cite_note-Amadeo_2023-298">[297]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="YouTube_VR">YouTube VR</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/YouTube_VR" title="YouTube VR">YouTube VR</a></div> In November 2016, YouTube released YouTube VR, a dedicated version with an interface for VR devices, for <a href="/wiki/Google_Daydream" title="Google Daydream">Google's Daydream</a> mobile VR platform on Android.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-299">[298]</a> In November 2018, YouTube VR was released on the <a href="/wiki/Meta_Horizon_Store" title="Meta Horizon Store">Oculus Store</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Oculus_Go" title="Oculus Go">Oculus Go</a> headset.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-299">[298]</a> YouTube VR was updated since for compatibility with successive <a href="/wiki/Meta_Horizon_OS" title="Meta Horizon OS">Quest</a> devices, and was ported to <a href="/wiki/Pico_4" title="Pico 4">Pico 4</a>.<a href="#cite_note-300">[299]</a> YouTube VR allows for access to all YouTube-hosted videos, but particularly supports headset access for 360° and 180°-degree video (both in 2D and stereoscopic 3D). Starting with the <a href="/wiki/Oculus_Quest" title="Oculus Quest">Oculus Quest</a>, the app was updated for compatibility with mixed-reality passthrough modes on VR headsets. In April 2024, YouTube VR was updated to support 8K SDR video on <a href="/wiki/Meta_Quest_3" title="Meta Quest 3">Meta Quest 3</a>.<a href="#cite_note-301">[300]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Social_impact">Social impact</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_YouTube" title="Social impact of YouTube">Social impact of YouTube</a></div> Private individuals<a href="#cite_note-Reuters20070225-302">[301]</a> and large production corporations<a href="#cite_note-WiredUK20131127-303">[302]</a> have used YouTube to grow their audiences. Indie creators have built grassroots followings numbering in the thousands at very little cost or effort, while mass retail and radio promotion proved problematic.<a href="#cite_note-Reuters20070225-302">[301]</a> Concurrently, <a href="/wiki/Old_media" title="Old media">old media</a> celebrities moved into the website at the invitation of a YouTube management that witnessed early content creators accruing substantial followings and perceived audience sizes potentially larger than that attainable by television.<a href="#cite_note-WiredUK20131127-303">[302]</a> While YouTube's revenue-sharing "Partner Program" made it possible to earn a substantial living as a video producer—its top five hundred partners each earning more than $100,000 annually<a href="#cite_note-NewYorker20120116-304">[303]</a> and its ten highest-earning channels grossing from $2.5 million to $12 million<a href="#cite_note-Forbes20151113-305">[304]</a>—in 2012 <a href="/wiki/Complete_Music_Update" title="Complete Music Update">CMU</a> business editor characterized YouTube as "a free-to-use ... promotional platform for the music labels."<a href="#cite_note-BBC20121221-306">[305]</a> In 2013 <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a>' Katheryn Thayer asserted that digital-era artists' work must not only be of high quality, but must elicit reactions on the YouTube platform and social media.<a href="#cite_note-Forbes20131029-307">[306]</a> Videos of the 2.5% of artists categorized as "mega", "mainstream" and "mid-sized" received 90.3% of the relevant views on YouTube and Vevo in that year.<a href="#cite_note-NextBigSound2013YearInRewind-308">[307]</a> By early 2013, <a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a> had announced that it was factoring YouTube streaming data into calculation of the <a href="/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100" title="Billboard Hot 100">Billboard Hot 100</a> and related genre charts.<a href="#cite_note-Billboard20130220-309">[308]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jordan_Hoffner_at_the_68th_Annual_Peabody_Awards_for_YouTube.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Jordan_Hoffner_at_the_68th_Annual_Peabody_Awards_for_YouTube.jpg/220px-Jordan_Hoffner_at_the_68th_Annual_Peabody_Awards_for_YouTube.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Jordan_Hoffner_at_the_68th_Annual_Peabody_Awards_for_YouTube.jpg/330px-Jordan_Hoffner_at_the_68th_Annual_Peabody_Awards_for_YouTube.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Jordan_Hoffner_at_the_68th_Annual_Peabody_Awards_for_YouTube.jpg/440px-Jordan_Hoffner_at_the_68th_Annual_Peabody_Awards_for_YouTube.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3744" data-file-height="5616" /></a><figcaption>Jordan Hoffner at the 68th Annual <a href="/wiki/Peabody_Awards" title="Peabody Awards">Peabody Awards</a> accepting for YouTube</figcaption></figure> Observing that face-to-face communication of the type that online videos convey has been "fine-tuned by millions of years of evolution", <a href="/wiki/TED_(conference)" title="TED (conference)">TED</a> curator <a href="/wiki/Chris_Anderson_(entrepreneur)" title="Chris Anderson (entrepreneur)">Chris Anderson</a> referred to several YouTube contributors and asserted that "what <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Gutenberg" title="Johannes Gutenberg">Gutenberg</a> did for writing, online video can now do for face-to-face communication."<a href="#cite_note-TED201007Anderson-310">[309]</a> Anderson asserted that it is not far-fetched to say that online video will dramatically accelerate scientific advance, and that video contributors may be about to launch "the biggest learning cycle in human history."<a href="#cite_note-TED201007Anderson-310">[309]</a> In education, for example, the <a href="/wiki/Khan_Academy" title="Khan Academy">Khan Academy</a> grew from YouTube video tutoring sessions for founder Salman Khan's cousin into what Forbes' <a href="/wiki/Michael_Noer_(editor)" title="Michael Noer (editor)">Michael Noer</a> called "the largest school in the world," with technology poised to <a href="/wiki/Disruptive_innovation" title="Disruptive innovation">disrupt</a> how people learn.<a href="#cite_note-Forbes20121102-311">[310]</a> YouTube was awarded a 2008 <a href="/wiki/George_Foster_Peabody_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="George Foster Peabody Award">George Foster Peabody Award</a>,<a href="#cite_note-312">[311]</a> the website being described as a <a href="/wiki/Speakers%27_Corner" title="Speakers' Corner">Speakers' Corner</a> that "both embodies and promotes democracy."<a href="#cite_note-313">[312]</a> The Washington Post reported that a disproportionate share of YouTube's most subscribed channels feature minorities, contrasting with mainstream television in which the stars are largely white.<a href="#cite_note-314">[313]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a> study reported the development of "visual journalism", in which citizen eyewitnesses and established news organizations share in content creation.<a href="#cite_note-PEW20120716-315">[314]</a> The study also concluded that YouTube was becoming an important platform by which people acquire news.<a href="#cite_note-PewYTnews20120716-316">[315]</a> YouTube has enabled people to more directly engage with government, such as in the <a href="/wiki/CNN/YouTube_presidential_debates" title="CNN/YouTube presidential debates">CNN/YouTube presidential debates</a> (2007) in which ordinary people submitted questions to U.S. presidential candidates via YouTube video, with a <a href="/wiki/TechPresident" title="TechPresident">techPresident</a> co-founder saying that Internet video was changing the political landscape.<a href="#cite_note-317">[316]</a> Describing the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a> (2010–2012), sociologist <a href="/wiki/Philip_N._Howard" title="Philip N. Howard">Philip N. Howard</a> quoted an activist's succinct description that organizing the political unrest involved using "Facebook to schedule the protests, Twitter to coordinate, and YouTube to tell the world."<a href="#cite_note-PacificStd20110223-318">[317]</a> In 2012, more than a third of the U.S. Senate introduced a resolution condemning <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Kony" title="Joseph Kony">Joseph Kony</a> 16 days after the "<a href="/wiki/Kony_2012" title="Kony 2012">Kony 2012</a>" video was posted to YouTube, with resolution co-sponsor Senator <a href="/wiki/Lindsey_Graham" title="Lindsey Graham">Lindsey Graham</a> remarking that the video "will do more to lead to (Kony's) demise than all other action combined."<a href="#cite_note-Politico20120322-319">[318]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ObamaYouTubers307.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/ObamaYouTubers307.png/250px-ObamaYouTubers307.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/ObamaYouTubers307.png/375px-ObamaYouTubers307.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/ObamaYouTubers307.png/500px-ObamaYouTubers307.png 2x" data-file-width="847" data-file-height="504" /></a><figcaption>Leading YouTube content creators met at the White House with U.S. President Obama to discuss how government could better connect with the "YouTube generation."<a href="#cite_note-Tubefilter20140302-320">[319]</a><a href="#cite_note-WhiteHouse20140306-321">[320]</a></figcaption></figure> Conversely, YouTube has also allowed government to more easily engage with citizens, the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>'s official YouTube channel being the seventh top news organization producer on YouTube in 2012<a href="#cite_note-PewWhiteHouse20120716-322">[321]</a> and in 2013 a healthcare exchange commissioned Obama impersonator <a href="/wiki/Iman_Crosson" title="Iman Crosson">Iman Crosson</a>'s YouTube music video spoof to encourage young Americans to enroll in the <a href="/wiki/Patient_Protection_and_Affordable_Care_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act">Affordable Care Act (Obamacare)</a>-compliant health insurance.<a href="#cite_note-LATimes20131212-323">[322]</a> In February 2014, U.S. President Obama held a meeting at the White House with leading YouTube content creators not only to promote awareness of Obamacare<a href="#cite_note-Buzzfeed20140302-324">[323]</a> but more generally to develop ways for government to better connect with the "YouTube Generation."<a href="#cite_note-Tubefilter20140302-320">[319]</a> Whereas YouTube's inherent ability to allow presidents to directly connect with average citizens was noted, the YouTube content creators' <a href="/wiki/New_media" title="New media">new media</a> savvy was perceived necessary to better cope with the website's distracting content and fickle audience.<a href="#cite_note-Tubefilter20140302-320">[319]</a> Some YouTube videos have themselves had a direct effect on world events, such as <a href="/wiki/Innocence_of_Muslims" title="Innocence of Muslims">Innocence of Muslims</a> (2012) which spurred <a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_Innocence_of_Muslims" title="Reactions to Innocence of Muslims">protests and related anti-American violence</a> internationally.<a href="#cite_note-CNN20120914-325">[324]</a> TED curator Chris Anderson described a phenomenon by which geographically distributed individuals in a certain field share their independently developed skills in YouTube videos, thus challenging others to improve their own skills, and spurring invention and evolution in that field.<a href="#cite_note-TED201007Anderson-310">[309]</a> Journalist <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Heffernan" title="Virginia Heffernan">Virginia Heffernan</a> stated in The New York Times that such videos have "surprising implications" for the dissemination of culture and even the future of classical music.<a href="#cite_note-326">[325]</a> A 2017 article in <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Magazine" title="The New York Times Magazine">The New York Times Magazine</a> posited that YouTube had become "the new <a href="/wiki/Conservative_talk_radio" title="Conservative talk radio">talk radio</a>" for the <a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">far right</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes20170803-327">[326]</a> Almost a year before YouTube's January 2019 announcement that it would begin a "gradual change" of "reducing <a href="/wiki/Recommender_system" title="Recommender system">recommendations</a> of borderline content and content that could misinform users in harmful ways",<a href="#cite_note-YTblog20190125-328">[327]</a> Zeynep Tufekci had written in The New York Times that, "(g)iven its billion or so users, YouTube may be one of the most powerful radicalizing instruments of the 21st century".<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes20180310-329">[328]</a> Under YouTube's changes to its recommendation engine, the most recommended channel evolved from conspiracy theorist <a href="/wiki/Alex_Jones" title="Alex Jones">Alex Jones</a> (2016) to <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a> (2019).<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes_20201103-330">[329]</a> According to a 2020 study, viewership of far-right videos on YouTube peaked in 2017 and "a growing body of journalistic evidence" suggested that YouTube was radicalizing young men through its recommendation engine, but that such evidence was "fraught with a bias towards sensationalism". It also found more "mainstream-adjacent Conservative creators" gaining over <a href="/wiki/Alt-right" title="Alt-right">alt-right</a> and extremist videos by 2020.<a href="#cite_note-331">[330]</a> A 2022 study found that "little systematic evidence exists" to support conjecture that YouTube radicalizes users by sending them down a 'rabbit hole' of gradually more extreme videos, and that such exposure was "heavily concentrated among a small group of people with high prior levels of gender and racial resentment."<a href="#cite_note-ChenEtAl_20220422-332">[331]</a> A 2024 study by the <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Strategic_Dialogue" title="Institute for Strategic Dialogue">Institute for Strategic Dialogue</a> found that YouTube frequently recommended Christian videos and right-leaning and culturally conservative "<a href="/wiki/Culture_war" title="Culture war">culture war</a>" videos by Fox News and male lifestyle influencers to accounts that did not show an interest in such topics.<a href="#cite_note-333">[332]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Legion_of_Extraordinary_Dancers" title="The Legion of Extraordinary Dancers">The Legion of Extraordinary Dancers</a><a href="#cite_note-TED201002LXD-334">[333]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/YouTube_Symphony_Orchestra" title="YouTube Symphony Orchestra">YouTube Symphony Orchestra</a><a href="#cite_note-Reuters20090414-335">[334]</a> selected their membership based on individual video performances.<a href="#cite_note-TED201007Anderson-310">[309]</a><a href="#cite_note-Reuters20090414-335">[334]</a> Further, the cyber-collaboration charity video "<a href="/wiki/We_Are_the_World_25_for_Haiti_(YouTube_edition)" title="We Are the World 25 for Haiti (YouTube edition)">We Are the World 25 for Haiti (YouTube edition)</a>" was formed by mixing performances of 57 globally distributed singers into a single musical work,<a href="#cite_note-CNNtranscripts201003-336">[335]</a> with The Tokyo Times noting the "We Pray for You" YouTube cyber-collaboration video as an example of a trend to use crowdsourcing for charitable purposes.<a href="#cite_note-TokyoTimes20110511-337">[336]</a> The anti-bullying <a href="/wiki/It_Gets_Better_Project" title="It Gets Better Project">It Gets Better Project</a> expanded from a single YouTube video directed to discouraged or <a href="/wiki/Suicide_among_LGBT_youth" class="mw-redirect" title="Suicide among LGBT youth">suicidal LGBT teens</a>,<a href="#cite_note-SFChronicle20101008-338">[337]</a> that within two months drew video responses from hundreds including U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>, Vice President Biden, White House staff, and several cabinet secretaries.<a href="#cite_note-WhiteHouseItGetsBetter-339">[338]</a> Similarly, in response to fifteen-year-old <a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Amanda_Todd" title="Suicide of Amanda Todd">Amanda Todd</a>'s video "My story: Struggling, bullying, suicide, self-harm", legislative action was undertaken almost immediately after her suicide to study the prevalence of bullying and form a national anti-bullying strategy.<a href="#cite_note-CanadaTV20121014-340">[339]</a> In May 2018, after London <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Police" title="Metropolitan Police">Metropolitan Police</a> claimed that <a href="/wiki/UK_drill" title="UK drill">drill music</a> videos glamorizing violence gave rise to <a href="/wiki/Gang#Gang_violence" title="Gang">gang violence</a>, YouTube deleted 30 videos.<a href="#cite_note-341">[340]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Finances">Finances</h2></div> Prior to 2020, Google did not provide detailed figures for YouTube's running costs, and YouTube's revenues in 2007 were noted as "<a href="/wiki/Materiality_(auditing)" title="Materiality (auditing)">not material</a>" in a regulatory filing.<a href="#cite_note-Moneyclip-342">[341]</a> In June 2008, a Forbes magazine article projected the 2008 revenue at $200 million, noting progress in advertising sales.<a href="#cite_note-Forbes08-343">[342]</a> In 2012, YouTube's revenue from its ads program was estimated at $3.7 billion.<a href="#cite_note-Wall_Street_Journal_5.6_Billion_Annual_revenue-344">[343]</a> In 2013, it nearly doubled and estimated to hit $5.6 billion according to e-Marketer,<a href="#cite_note-Wall_Street_Journal_5.6_Billion_Annual_revenue-344">[343]</a><a href="#cite_note-Youtube_earns_5.6_Billion_Yahoo-345">[344]</a> while others estimated $4.7 billion.<a href="#cite_note-Wall_Street_Journal_5.6_Billion_Annual_revenue-344">[343]</a> The vast majority of videos on YouTube are free to view and supported by advertising.<a href="#cite_note-subscription-64">[64]</a> In May 2013, YouTube introduced a trial scheme of 53 subscription channels with prices ranging from $0.99 to $6.99 a month.<a href="#cite_note-346">[345]</a> The move was seen as an attempt to compete with other providers of online subscription services such as <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Prime_Video" title="Amazon Prime Video">Amazon Prime</a>, and Hulu.<a href="#cite_note-subscription-64">[64]</a> Google first published exact revenue numbers for YouTube in February 2020 as part of Alphabet's 2019 financial report. According to Google, YouTube had made US$15.1 billion in ad revenue in 2019, in contrast to US$8.1 billion in 2017 and US$11.1 billion in 2018. YouTube's revenues made up nearly 10% of the total Alphabet revenue in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-verge_15b-347">[346]</a><a href="#cite_note-348">[347]</a> These revenues accounted for approximately 20 million subscribers combined between YouTube Premium and YouTube Music subscriptions, and 2 million subscribers to YouTube TV.<a href="#cite_note-349">[348]</a> YouTube had $29.2 billion ads revenue in 2022, up by $398 million from the prior year.<a href="#cite_note-350">[349]</a> In Q2 2024, ad revenue rose to $8.66 billion, up 13% on Q1.<a href="#cite_note-351">[350]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Partnership_with_corporations">Partnership with corporations</h3></div> YouTube entered into a marketing and advertising partnership with <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> in June 2006.<a href="#cite_note-352">[351]</a> In March 2007, it struck a deal with <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> for three channels with BBC content, one for news and two for entertainment.<a href="#cite_note-353">[352]</a> In November 2008, YouTube reached an agreement with <a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">MGM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lions_Gate_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Lions Gate Entertainment">Lions Gate Entertainment</a>, and <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a>, allowing the companies to post full-length films and television episodes on the site, accompanied by advertisements in a section for U.S. viewers called "Shows". The move was intended to create competition with websites such as Hulu, which features material from NBC, <a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">Fox</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_Studios_Motion_Pictures" title="Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures">Disney</a>.<a href="#cite_note-354">[353]</a><a href="#cite_note-355">[354]</a> In November 2009, YouTube launched a version of "Shows" available to UK viewers, offering around 4,000 full-length shows from more than 60 partners.<a href="#cite_note-356">[355]</a> In January 2010, YouTube introduced an online film rentals service,<a href="#cite_note-357">[356]</a> which is only available to users in the United States, Canada, and the UK as of 2010.<a href="#cite_note-358">[357]</a><a href="#cite_note-359">[358]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] The service offers over 6,000 films.<a href="#cite_note-360">[359]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2017_advertiser_boycott">2017 advertiser boycott</h4></div> In March 2017, the government of the United Kingdom pulled its advertising campaigns from YouTube, after reports that its ads had appeared on videos containing extremist content. The government demanded assurances that its advertising would "be delivered safely and appropriately". <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> newspaper, as well as other major British and U.S. brands, similarly suspended their advertising on YouTube in response to their advertising appearing near <a href="/wiki/Offensive_content" class="mw-redirect" title="Offensive content">offensive content</a>. Google stated that it had "begun an extensive review of our advertising policies and have made a public commitment to put in place changes that give brands more control over where their ads appear".<a href="#cite_note-Bloomberg-adsextremist-361">[360]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc-youtubeadsuk-362">[361]</a> In early April 2017, the YouTube channel <a href="/wiki/H3h3Productions" title="H3h3Productions">h3h3Productions</a> presented evidence claiming that a <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall Street Journal">Wall Street Journal</a> article had fabricated screenshots showing major brand advertising on an offensive video containing <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Rebel_(singer)" title="Johnny Rebel (singer)">Johnny Rebel</a> music overlaid on a <a href="/wiki/Chief_Keef" title="Chief Keef">Chief Keef</a> music video, citing that the video itself had not earned any ad revenue for the uploader. The video was retracted after it was found that the ads had been triggered by the use of copyrighted content in the video.<a href="#cite_note-and-youtubestar-363">[362]</a><a href="#cite_note-mashable-h3h3youtube-364">[363]</a> On April 6, 2017, YouTube announced that to "ensure revenue only flows to creators who are playing by the rules", it would change its practices to require that a channel undergo a policy compliance review, and have at least 10,000-lifetime views, before they may join the Partner Program.<a href="#cite_note-verge-10kviewsrule-365">[364]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="YouTuber_earnings">YouTuber earnings</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2017-_Top_earners_on_YouTube_-_column_chart.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/2017-_Top_earners_on_YouTube_-_column_chart.svg/280px-2017-_Top_earners_on_YouTube_-_column_chart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/2017-_Top_earners_on_YouTube_-_column_chart.svg/420px-2017-_Top_earners_on_YouTube_-_column_chart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/2017-_Top_earners_on_YouTube_-_column_chart.svg/560px-2017-_Top_earners_on_YouTube_-_column_chart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="675" /></a><figcaption> Total annual earnings of the top ten YouTuber accounts, and the income of the single highest-earning account.</figcaption></figure> In May 2007, YouTube launched its Partner Program (YPP), a system based on <a href="/wiki/Google_AdSense" title="Google AdSense">AdSense</a> which allows the uploader of the video to share the revenue produced by advertising on the site.<a href="#cite_note-366">[365]</a> YouTube typically takes 45 percent of the advertising revenue from videos in the Partner Program, with 55 percent going to the uploader.<a href="#cite_note-367">[366]</a><a href="#cite_note-u551-368">[367]</a> There are over two million members of the YouTube Partner Program.<a href="#cite_note-369">[368]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/TubeMogul" title="TubeMogul">TubeMogul</a>, in 2013 a pre-roll advertisement on YouTube (one that is shown before the video starts) cost advertisers on average $7.60 per 1000 views. Usually, no more than half of the eligible videos have a pre-roll advertisement, due to a lack of interested advertisers.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-370">[369]</a> YouTube's policies restrict certain forms of content from being included in videos being monetized with advertising, including videos containing violence, strong language, sexual content, "controversial or sensitive subjects and events, including subjects related to war, political conflicts, natural disasters and tragedies, even if graphic imagery is not shown" (unless the content is "usually newsworthy or comedic and the creator's intent is to inform or entertain"),<a href="#cite_note-verge-advertiserfriendly-371">[370]</a> and videos whose user comments contain "inappropriate" content.<a href="#cite_note-tubefilter-inappropriatecomments-372">[371]</a> In 2013, YouTube introduced an option for channels with at least a thousand subscribers to require a paid subscription in order for viewers to watch videos.<a href="#cite_note-373">[372]</a><a href="#cite_note-374">[373]</a> In April 2017, YouTube set an eligibility requirement of 10,000 lifetime views for a paid subscription.<a href="#cite_note-ypp-375">[374]</a> On January 16, 2018, the eligibility requirement for monetization was changed to 4,000 hours of watch-time within the past 12 months and 1,000 subscribers.<a href="#cite_note-ypp-375">[374]</a> The move was seen as an attempt to ensure that videos being monetized did not lead to controversy, but was criticized for penalizing smaller YouTube channels.<a href="#cite_note-ypp_guardian-376">[375]</a> <a href="/wiki/YouTube_Play_Button" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube Play Button">YouTube Play Buttons</a>, a part of the YouTube Creator Rewards, are a recognition by YouTube of its most popular channels.<a href="#cite_note-377">[376]</a> The trophies made of nickel plated copper-nickel alloy, golden plated brass, silver plated metal, ruby, and red tinted crystal glass are given to channels with at least one hundred thousand, a million, ten million, fifty million subscribers, and one hundred million subscribers, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-378">[377]</a><a href="#cite_note-379">[378]</a> YouTube's policies on "<a href="/wiki/Censorship_by_Google#Advertiser-friendly_content" title="Censorship by Google">advertiser-friendly content</a>" restrict what may be incorporated into videos being monetized; this includes strong violence, language,<a href="#cite_note-Spangler_Spangler_2019-380">[379]</a> sexual content, and "controversial or sensitive subjects and events, including subjects related to war, political conflicts, natural disasters and tragedies, even if graphic imagery is not shown", unless the content is "usually newsworthy or comedic and the creator's intent is to inform or entertain".<a href="#cite_note-381">[380]</a> In September 2016, after introducing an enhanced notification system to inform users of these violations, YouTube's policies were criticized by prominent users, including <a href="/wiki/Philip_DeFranco" title="Philip DeFranco">Philip DeFranco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vlogbrothers" title="Vlogbrothers">Vlogbrothers</a>. DeFranco argued that not being able to earn advertising revenue on such videos was "censorship by a different name". A YouTube spokesperson stated that while the policy itself was not new, the service had "improved the notification and appeal process to ensure better communication to our creators".<a href="#cite_note-382">[381]</a><a href="#cite_note-383">[382]</a><a href="#cite_note-384">[383]</a> <a href="/wiki/Boing_Boing" title="Boing Boing">Boing Boing</a> reported in 2019 that LGBT keywords resulted in demonetization.<a href="#cite_note-Beschizza_2019-385">[384]</a> As of November 2020 in the United States, and June 2021 worldwide,<a href="#cite_note-386">[385]</a> YouTube reserves the right to monetize any video on the platform, even if their uploader is not a member of the YouTube Partner Program. This will occur on channels whose content is deemed "advertiser-friendly", and all revenue will go directly to Google without any share given to the uploader.<a href="#cite_note-387">[386]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Revenue_to_copyright_holders">Revenue to copyright holders</h3></div> The majority of YouTube's advertising revenue goes to the publishers and video producers who hold the rights to their videos; the company retains 45% of the ad revenue.<a href="#cite_note-388">[387]</a> In 2010, it was reported that nearly a third of the videos with advertisements were uploaded without permission of the copyright holders. YouTube gives an option for copyright holders to locate and remove their videos or to have them continue running for revenue.<a href="#cite_note-389">[388]</a> In May 2013, <a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a> began enforcing its copyright ownership and claiming the advertising revenue from video creators who posted screenshots of its games.<a href="#cite_note-390">[389]</a> In February 2015, Nintendo agreed to share the revenue with the video creators through the Nintendo Creators Program.<a href="#cite_note-391">[390]</a><a href="#cite_note-392">[391]</a><a href="#cite_note-393">[392]</a> On March 20, 2019, Nintendo announced on Twitter that the company will end the Creators program. Operations for the program ceased on March 20, 2019.<a href="#cite_note-394">[393]</a><a href="#cite_note-395">[394]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Censorship_and_bans">Censorship and bans</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_YouTube" title="Censorship of YouTube">Censorship of YouTube</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:YouTube_Availability.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/YouTube_Availability.svg/300px-YouTube_Availability.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/YouTube_Availability.svg/450px-YouTube_Availability.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/YouTube_Availability.svg/600px-YouTube_Availability.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2754" data-file-height="1398" /></a><figcaption>Availability of YouTube (as of August 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=YouTube&action=edit">[update]</a>): <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  Available as a local version</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Available as a worldwide version</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Streaming speed limited</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Banned</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Previously banned, now available</div></figcaption></figure> YouTube has been censored, filtered, or banned for a variety of reasons, including:<a href="#cite_note-ONIYouTubeCensored-396">[395]</a> <ul><li>Limiting public access and exposure to content that may ignite social or political unrest.</li> <li>Preventing criticism of a ruler (e.g. in <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a>), government (e.g. in <a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_China" title="Internet censorship in China">China</a>) or its actions (e.g. in <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>), government officials (e.g. in <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>), or religion (e.g. in <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>).</li> <li>Morality-based laws, e.g. in <a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Iran" title="Internet censorship in Iran">Iran</a>.</li></ul> Access to specific videos is sometimes prevented due to copyright and intellectual property protection laws (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Blocking_of_YouTube_videos_in_Germany" title="Blocking of YouTube videos in Germany">in Germany</a>), violations of hate speech, and preventing access to videos judged inappropriate for youth,<a href="#cite_note-397">[396]</a> which is also done by YouTube with the <a href="/wiki/YouTube_Kids" title="YouTube Kids">YouTube Kids</a> app and with "<a href="/wiki/Censorship_by_Google#Censorship_of_sexual_content_in_Restricted_Mode" title="Censorship by Google">restricted mode</a>".<a href="#cite_note-398">[397]</a> Businesses, schools, government agencies, and other private institutions often block social media sites, including YouTube, due to its bandwidth limitations<a href="#cite_note-399">[398]</a><a href="#cite_note-400">[399]</a> and the site's potential for distraction.<a href="#cite_note-ONIYouTubeCensored-396">[395]</a><a href="#cite_note-401">[400]</a> As of 2018<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=YouTube&action=edit">[update]</a>, public access to YouTube is blocked in many countries, including <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a>,<a href="#cite_note-402">[401]</a> <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>,<a href="#cite_note-403">[402]</a><a href="#cite_note-404">[403]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a>. In some countries, YouTube is blocked for more limited periods of time such as during periods of unrest, the run-up to an election, or in response to upcoming political anniversaries. In cases where the entire site is banned due to one particular video, YouTube will often agree to remove or limit access to that video in order to restore service.<a href="#cite_note-ONIYouTubeCensored-396">[395]</a> Reports emerged that since October 2019, comments posted with Chinese characters insulting the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%8C%AA" class="extiw" title="wikt:共匪">共匪</a> "communist bandit" or <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%AF%9B" class="extiw" title="wikt:五毛">五毛</a> "<a href="/wiki/50_Cent_Party" title="50 Cent Party">50 Cent Party</a>", referring to <a href="/wiki/State-sponsored_Internet_propaganda" title="State-sponsored Internet propaganda">state-sponsored commentators</a>) were being automatically deleted within 15 seconds.<a href="#cite_note-405">[404]</a> Specific incidents where YouTube has been blocked include: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> blocked access in April 2007 over a video said to be insulting the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Thailand" title="Monarchy of Thailand">Thai king</a>.<a href="#cite_note-406">[405]</a></li> <li>Morocco blocked access in May 2007, possibly as a result of videos critical of <a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Western_Sahara" title="Political status of Western Sahara">Morocco's occupation of Western Sahara</a>.<a href="#cite_note-407">[406]</a> YouTube became accessible again on May 30, 2007, after Maroc Telecom unofficially announced that the denied access to the website was a mere "technical glitch".<a href="#cite_note-408">[407]</a></li> <li>Turkey blocked access between 2008 and 2010 after controversy over videos deemed insulting to <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Atatürk</a>.<a href="#cite_note-409">[408]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc_turkey-410">[409]</a><a href="#cite_note-411">[410]</a> In November 2010, a video of the Turkish politician <a href="/wiki/Deniz_Baykal" title="Deniz Baykal">Deniz Baykal</a> caused the site to be blocked again briefly, and the site was threatened with a new shutdown if it did not remove the video.<a href="#cite_note-412">[411]</a> During the two and a half-year block of YouTube, the video-sharing website remained the eighth-most-accessed site in Turkey.<a href="#cite_note-413">[412]</a><a href="#cite_note-414">[413]</a> In 2014, Turkey blocked the access for the second time, after "a high-level intelligence leak."<a href="#cite_note-415">[414]</a><a href="#cite_note-416">[415]</a><a href="#cite_note-417">[416]</a></li> <li>Pakistan blocked access on February 23, 2008, because of "offensive material" towards the Islamic faith, including display of the <a href="/wiki/Jyllands-Posten_Muhammad_cartoons_controversy" title="Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy">Danish cartoons</a> of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-418">[417]</a> This led to a near global blackout of the YouTube site for around two hours, as the Pakistani block was inadvertently transferred to other countries. On February 26, 2008, the ban was lifted after the website had removed the objectionable content from its servers at the request of the government.<a href="#cite_note-PAK-ban-lifted-419">[418]</a><a href="#cite_note-420">[419]</a> Many Pakistanis circumvented the three-day block by using <a href="/wiki/Virtual_private_network" title="Virtual private network">virtual private network</a> software.<a href="#cite_note-421">[420]</a> In May 2010, following the <a href="/wiki/Everybody_Draw_Mohammed_Day" title="Everybody Draw Mohammed Day">Everybody Draw Mohammed Day</a>, Pakistan again blocked access to YouTube, citing "growing sacrilegious content".<a href="#cite_note-422">[421]</a> The ban was lifted on May 27, 2010, after the website removed the objectionable content from its servers at the request of the government. However, individual videos deemed offensive to Muslims posted on YouTube will continue to be blocked.<a href="#cite_note-423">[422]</a><a href="#cite_note-424">[423]</a> Pakistan again placed a ban on YouTube in September 2012, after the site refused to remove the film <a href="/wiki/Innocence_of_Muslims" title="Innocence of Muslims">Innocence of Muslims</a>. The ban was lifted in January 2016 after YouTube launched a Pakistan-specific version.<a href="#cite_note-425">[424]</a></li> <li>Libya blocked access on January 24, 2010, because of videos that featured demonstrations in the city of <a href="/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi">Benghazi</a> by families of detainees who were killed in <a href="/wiki/Abu_Salim_prison" title="Abu Salim prison">Abu Salim prison</a> in 1996, and videos of family members of Libyan leader <a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a> at parties. The blocking was criticized by <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>.<a href="#cite_note-426">[425]</a> In November 2011, after the <a href="/wiki/2011_Libyan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Libyan Civil War">Libyan Civil War</a>, YouTube was once again allowed in Libya.<a href="#cite_note-427">[426]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> blocked access in September 2012 following <a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_Innocence_of_Muslims" title="Reactions to Innocence of Muslims">controversy</a> over a 14-minute trailer for the film <a href="/wiki/Innocence_of_Muslims" title="Innocence of Muslims">Innocence of Muslims</a> which had been posted on the site.<a href="#cite_note-428">[427]</a><a href="#cite_note-429">[428]</a><a href="#cite_note-430">[429]</a><a href="#cite_note-431">[430]</a><a href="#cite_note-432">[431]</a> A court in the southern Russian Republic of <a href="/wiki/Chechnya" title="Chechnya">Chechnya</a> ruled that Innocence of Muslims should be banned.<a href="#cite_note-433">[432]</a> In Libya and <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, it was blamed for violent protests. YouTube stated: "This video—which is widely available on the Web—is clearly within our guidelines and so will stay on YouTube. However, given the very difficult situation in Libya and Egypt we have temporarily restricted access in both countries."<a href="#cite_note-434">[433]</a><a href="#cite_note-435">[434]</a></li> <li>Following the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> in February 2022, YouTube announced on March 1 the immediate removal of RT (and other Russian-government funded outlets) from its platform in Europe. The removal was soon expanded globally.<a href="#cite_note-436">[435]</a> From late 2024, users across Russia started experiencing sharp declines in YouTube loading speeds.<a href="#cite_note-437">[436]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/28px-Industry5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/42px-Industry5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/56px-Industry5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Companies" title="Portal:Companies">Companies portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/28px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/42px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/56px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="407" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Internet" title="Portal:Internet">Internet portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/SF_From_Marin_Highlands3.jpg/32px-SF_From_Marin_Highlands3.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/SF_From_Marin_Highlands3.jpg/48px-SF_From_Marin_Highlands3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/SF_From_Marin_Highlands3.jpg/64px-SF_From_Marin_Highlands3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2672" data-file-height="1885" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="Portal:San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Google#Algorithms" title="Criticism of Google">Criticism of Google#Algorithms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFilm" title="IFilm">iFilm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Video" title="Google Video">Google Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metacafe" title="Metacafe">Metacafe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revver" title="Revver">Revver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VMix" title="VMix">vMix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blip.tv" title="Blip.tv">blip.tv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Videosift" class="mw-redirect" title="Videosift">Videosift</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Invidious" title="Invidious">Invidious</a>, a free and open-source alternative frontend to YouTube</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_media" title="Alternative media">Alternative media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BookTube" title="BookTube">BookTube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BreadTube" title="BreadTube">BreadTube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNN/YouTube_presidential_debates" title="CNN/YouTube presidential debates">CNN/YouTube presidential debates</a></li> <li>Lists <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_video_hosting_services" title="Comparison of video hosting services">Comparison of video hosting services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Google_Easter_eggs#YouTube" title="List of Google Easter eggs">List of Google Easter eggs#YouTube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_phenomena" title="List of Internet phenomena">List of Internet phenomena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-disliked_YouTube_videos" title="List of most-disliked YouTube videos">List of most-disliked YouTube videos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-liked_YouTube_videos" title="List of most-liked YouTube videos">List of most-liked YouTube videos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-viewed_YouTube_videos" title="List of most-viewed YouTube videos">List of most-viewed YouTube videos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-subscribed_YouTube_channels" title="List of most-subscribed YouTube channels">List of most-subscribed YouTube channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_online_video_platforms" title="List of online video platforms">List of online video platforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_YouTubers" title="List of YouTubers">List of YouTubers</a></li></ul></li> <li>Lawsuits <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viacom_International_Inc._v._YouTube,_Inc." title="Viacom International Inc. v. YouTube, Inc.">Viacom International Inc. v. YouTube, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garcia_v._Google,_Inc." title="Garcia v. Google, Inc.">Garcia v. Google, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouellette_v._Viacom_International_Inc." title="Ouellette v. Viacom International Inc.">Ouellette v. Viacom International Inc.</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_copyright_issues" title="YouTube copyright issues">YouTube copyright issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reply_girl" title="Reply girl">Reply girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Awards" title="YouTube Awards">YouTube Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Creator_Awards" title="YouTube Creator Awards">YouTube Creator Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Instant" title="YouTube Instant">YouTube Instant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Live" title="YouTube Live">YouTube Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-channel_network" title="Multi-channel network">Multi-channel network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Music_Awards" title="YouTube Music Awards">YouTube Music Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Rewind" title="YouTube Rewind">YouTube Rewind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Theater" title="YouTube Theater">YouTube Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_poop" title="YouTube poop">YouTube poop</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-277"><a href="#cite_ref-277">^</a> Max's Primetime Channels and YouTube TV add-ons both offer in-app access to the streaming service's full content library (as well as provider login access to the standalone Max app and website), and live feeds of <a href="/wiki/HBO" title="HBO">HBO</a>'s linear channels (limited to the primary <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">East Coast</a> feed on the Primetime Channels version) and the Max-exclusive CNN Max and <a href="/wiki/Bleacher_Report" title="Bleacher Report">Bleacher Report</a> streaming channels. </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link 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January 25, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190125163130/https://youtube.googleblog.com/2019/01/continuing-our-work-to-improve.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 25, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube.GoogleBlog.com&rft.atitle=Continuing+our+work+to+improve+recommendations+on+YouTube&rft.date=2019-01-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyoutube.googleblog.com%2F2019%2F01%2Fcontinuing-our-work-to-improve.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYouTube" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes20180310-329"><a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes20180310_329-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTufekci2018" class="citation news cs1">Tufekci, Zeynep (March 10, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/10/opinion/sunday/youtube-politics-radical.html">"YouTube, the Great Radicalizer"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190122035903/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/10/opinion/sunday/youtube-politics-radical.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 22, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=YouTube%2C+the+Great+Radicalizer&rft.date=2018-03-10&rft.aulast=Tufekci&rft.aufirst=Zeynep&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F03%2F10%2Fopinion%2Fsunday%2Fyoutube-politics-radical.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYouTube" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes_20201103-330"><a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes_20201103_330-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicas2020" class="citation news cs1">Nicas, Jack (November 3, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201104015452/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/03/technology/youtube-misinformation-fox-news.html">"YouTube Cut Down Misinformation. Then It Boosted Fox News / To battle false information, YouTube cut its recommendations to fringe channels and instead promoted major networks, especially Fox News"</a>. The New York Times. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/03/technology/youtube-misinformation-fox-news.html">the original</a> on November 4, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=YouTube+Cut+Down+Misinformation.+Then+It+Boosted+Fox+News+%2F+To+battle+false+information%2C+YouTube+cut+its+recommendations+to+fringe+channels+and+instead+promoted+major+networks%2C+especially+Fox+News.&rft.date=2020-11-03&rft.aulast=Nicas&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F11%2F03%2Ftechnology%2Fyoutube-misinformation-fox-news.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYouTube" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-331"><a href="#cite_ref-331">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMungerPhillips2020" class="citation journal cs1">Munger, Kevin; Phillips, Joseph (October 21, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1940161220964767">"Right-Wing YouTube: A Supply and Demand Perspective"</a>. The International Journal of Press/Politics. 27 (1): 186–219. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1940161220964767">10.1177/1940161220964767</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1940-1612">1940-1612</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:226339609">226339609</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+Journal+of+Press%2FPolitics&rft.atitle=Right-Wing+YouTube%3A+A+Supply+and+Demand+Perspective&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=186-219&rft.date=2020-10-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A226339609%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1940-1612&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1940161220964767&rft.aulast=Munger&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.au=Phillips%2C+Joseph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1177%2F1940161220964767&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYouTube" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ChenEtAl_20220422-332"><a href="#cite_ref-ChenEtAl_20220422_332-0">^</a> * <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChenNyhanReiflerRobertson2022" class="citation arxiv cs1">Chen, Annie Y.; Nyhan, Brendan; Reifler, Jason; Robertson, Ronald E.; Wilson, Christo (April 22, 2022). 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Reason. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220426124312/https://reason.com/2022/04/26/youtube-algorithms-dont-turn-unsuspecting-masses-into-extremists-new-study-suggests/">Archived</a> from the original on April 26, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reason&rft.atitle=YouTube+Algorithms+Don%27t+Turn+Unsuspecting+Masses+Into+Extremists%2C+New+Study+Suggests+%2F+A+new+study+casts+doubt+on+the+most+prominent+theories+about+extremism-by-algorithm&rft.date=2022-04-26&rft.aulast=Wolfe&rft.aufirst=Liz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freason.com%2F2022%2F04%2F26%2Fyoutube-algorithms-dont-turn-unsuspecting-masses-into-extremists-new-study-suggests%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYouTube" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-333"><a href="#cite_ref-333">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShapero2024" class="citation news cs1">Shapero, Julia (June 18, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/policy/technology/4727588-research-finds-pattern-of-youtube-recommending-right-leaning-christian-videos/">"Research finds pattern of YouTube recommending right-leaning, Christian videos"</a>. The Hill. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241002193412/https://thehill.com/policy/technology/4727588-research-finds-pattern-of-youtube-recommending-right-leaning-christian-videos/">Archived</a> from the original on October 2, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Research+finds+pattern+of+YouTube+recommending+right-leaning%2C+Christian+videos&rft.date=2024-06-18&rft.aulast=Shapero&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fpolicy%2Ftechnology%2F4727588-research-finds-pattern-of-youtube-recommending-right-leaning-christian-videos%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYouTube" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TED201002LXD-334"><a href="#cite_ref-TED201002LXD_334-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChu2010" class="citation web cs1">Chu, Jon M. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ted.com/talks/the_lxd_in_the_internet_age_dance_evolves.html">the original</a> on January 4, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+LXD%3A+In+the+Internet+age%2C+dance+evolves&rft.pub=TED+%28conference%29&rft.date=2010-02&rft.aulast=Chu&rft.aufirst=Jon+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ted.com%2Ftalks%2Fthe_lxd_in_the_internet_age_dance_evolves.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYouTube" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reuters20090414-335">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Reuters20090414_335-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reuters20090414_335-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNichols2009" class="citation news cs1">Nichols, Michelle (reporter) (April 14, 2009). 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Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140921182641/https://www.reuters.com/article/2009/04/14/us-youtube-idUSTRE53D4PE20090414">Archived</a> from the original on September 21, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=YouTube+orchestra+prepares+for+Carnegie+debut&rft.date=2009-04-14&rft.aulast=Nichols&rft.aufirst=Michelle+%28reporter%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-youtube-idUSTRE53D4PE20090414&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYouTube" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNNtranscripts201003-336"><a href="#cite_ref-CNNtranscripts201003_336-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevs2010" class="citation news cs1">Levs, Josh (interviewer) (March 6, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100313010623/https://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1003/06/cnr.02.html">"CNN Newsroom"</a>. CNN. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1003/06/cnr.02.html">the original</a> on March 13, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=CNN+Newsroom&rft.date=2010-03-06&rft.aulast=Levs&rft.aufirst=Josh+%28interviewer%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftranscripts.cnn.com%2FTRANSCRIPTS%2F1003%2F06%2Fcnr.02.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYouTube" class="Z3988"> Also <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100313004701/https://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1003/06/smn.01.html">CNN Saturday Morning News</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101023042008/https://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1003/07/sm.01.html">CNN Sunday Morning</a> (archives). </li> <li id="cite_note-TokyoTimes20110511-337"><a href="#cite_ref-TokyoTimes20110511_337-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmart2011" class="citation web cs1">Smart, Richard (May 11, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110612153700/https://www.tokyotimes.jp/post/en/1829/Crowdsourcing+After+Quakebook+We+Pray+For+You.html">"Crowdsourcing: After Quakebook, We Pray For You"</a>. The Tokyo Times. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tokyotimes.jp/post/en/1829/Crowdsourcing+After+Quakebook+We+Pray+For+You.html">the original</a> on June 12, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Tokyo+Times&rft.atitle=Crowdsourcing%3A+After+Quakebook%2C+We+Pray+For+You&rft.date=2011-05-11&rft.aulast=Smart&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tokyotimes.jp%2Fpost%2Fen%2F1829%2FCrowdsourcing%2BAfter%2BQuakebook%2BWe%2BPray%2BFor%2BYou.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYouTube" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SFChronicle20101008-338"><a href="#cite_ref-SFChronicle20101008_338-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHartlaub2010" class="citation news cs1">Hartlaub, Peter (October 8, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131104120324/https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Dan-Savage-overwhelmed-by-gay-outreach-s-response-3171312.php">"Dan Savage overwhelmed by gay outreach's response"</a>. San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Dan-Savage-overwhelmed-by-gay-outreach-s-response-3171312.php">the original</a> on November 4, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Dan+Savage+overwhelmed+by+gay+outreach%27s+response&rft.date=2010-10-08&rft.aulast=Hartlaub&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fnews%2Farticle%2FDan-Savage-overwhelmed-by-gay-outreach-s-response-3171312.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYouTube" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WhiteHouseItGetsBetter-339"><a href="#cite_ref-WhiteHouseItGetsBetter_339-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140102042529/https://www.whitehouse.gov/issues/it-gets-better">"It Gets Better"</a>. White House. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/issues/it-gets-better">the original</a> on January 2, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=It+Gets+Better&rft.pub=White+House&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehouse.gov%2Fissues%2Fit-gets-better&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYouTube" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CanadaTV20121014-340"><a href="#cite_ref-CanadaTV20121014_340-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029213910/https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/in-wake-of-amanda-todd-suicide-mps-to-debate-anti-bullying-motion-1.995254">"In wake of Amanda Todd suicide, MPs to debate anti-bullying motion"</a>. CTV News. October 14, 2012. 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Retrieved March 1, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=YouTube+to+block+channels+linked+to+Russia%27s+RT+and+Sputnik+across+Europe&rft.date=2022-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Flifestyle%2Fyoutube-block-channels-linked-russias-rt-sputnik-across-europe-2022-03-01%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYouTube" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-437"><a href="#cite_ref-437">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2024/08/01/youtube-users-across-russia-report-sharp-decline-in-loading-speeds-a85902">"YouTube Users Across Russia Report Sharp Decline in Loading Speeds"</a>. Retrieved August 1, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=YouTube+Users+Across+Russia+Report+Sharp+Decline+in+Loading+Speeds&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.themoscowtimes.com%2F2024%2F08%2F01%2Fyoutube-users-across-russia-report-sharp-decline-in-loading-speeds-a85902&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYouTube" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBergen2022" class="citation book cs1">Bergen, Mark (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1zhTEAAAQBAJ">Like, Comment, Subscribe: Inside YouTube's Chaotic Rise to World Dominance</a>. New York: Viking. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-593-29634-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-593-29634-9"><bdi>978-0-593-29634-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1289250597">1289250597</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Like%2C+Comment%2C+Subscribe%3A+Inside+YouTube%27s+Chaotic+Rise+to+World+Dominance&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Viking&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1289250597&rft.isbn=978-0-593-29634-9&rft.aulast=Bergen&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1zhTEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYouTube" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDickey2013" class="citation web cs1">Dickey, Megan Rose (February 15, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/key-turning-points-history-of-youtube-2013-2">"The 22 Key Turning Points in the History of YouTube"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a>. Retrieved March 25, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=The+22+Key+Turning+Points+in+the+History+of+YouTube&rft.date=2013-02-15&rft.aulast=Dickey&rft.aufirst=Megan+Rose&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fkey-turning-points-history-of-youtube-2013-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYouTube" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaranHamilton,_Ted" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brady_Haran" title="Brady Haran">Haran, Brady</a>; Hamilton, Ted. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161226033151/https://www.numberphile.com/videos/301_views.html">"Why do YouTube views freeze at 301?"</a>. Numberphile. Brady Haran. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.numberphile.com/videos/301_views.html">the original</a> on December 26, 2016. Retrieved April 8, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Numberphile&rft.atitle=Why+do+YouTube+views+freeze+at+301%3F&rft.aulast=Haran&rft.aufirst=Brady&rft.au=Hamilton%2C+Ted&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.numberphile.com%2Fvideos%2F301_views.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYouTube" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelsey2010" class="citation book cs1">Kelsey, Todd (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/socialnetworking0000kels">Social Networking Spaces: From Facebook to Twitter and Everything In Between</a>. Springer-Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4302-2596-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4302-2596-6"><bdi>978-1-4302-2596-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Social+Networking+Spaces%3A+From+Facebook+to+Twitter+and+Everything+In+Between&rft.pub=Springer-Verlag&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4302-2596-6&rft.aulast=Kelsey&rft.aufirst=Todd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsocialnetworking0000kels&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYouTube" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLacy2008" class="citation book cs1">Lacy, Sarah (2008). The Stories of Facebook, YouTube and MySpace: The People, the Hype and the Deals Behind the Giants of Web 2.0. Richmond: Crimson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85458-453-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85458-453-3"><bdi>978-1-85458-453-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Stories+of+Facebook%2C+YouTube+and+MySpace%3A+The+People%2C+the+Hype+and+the+Deals+Behind+the+Giants+of+Web+2.0&rft.place=Richmond&rft.pub=Crimson&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-85458-453-3&rft.aulast=Lacy&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYouTube" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker2012" class="citation news cs1">Walker, Rob (June 28, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/01/magazine/on-youtube-amateur-is-the-new-pro.html">"On YouTube, Amateur Is the New Pro"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved March 26, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=On+YouTube%2C+Amateur+Is+the+New+Pro&rft.date=2012-06-28&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F07%2F01%2Fmagazine%2Fon-youtube-amateur-is-the-new-pro.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYouTube" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> YouTube at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/YouTube" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/YouTube">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:YouTube" class="extiw" title="c:Category:YouTube">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:YouTube" class="extiw" title="n:Category:YouTube">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/YouTube" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/YouTube">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Portal:YouTube" class="extiw" title="s:Portal:YouTube">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/User-Generated_Content_in_Education/YouTube" class="extiw" title="b:User-Generated Content in Education/YouTube">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, 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data-file-height="104" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Scholia" class="extiw" title="d:Wikidata:Scholia">Scholia</a> has a topic profile for <a href="https://iw.toolforge.org/scholia/topic/Q866" class="extiw" title="toolforge:scholia/topic/Q866">YouTube</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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.navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="YouTube" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:YouTube_navbox" title="Template:YouTube navbox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:YouTube_navbox" title="Template talk:YouTube navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:YouTube_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:YouTube navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="YouTube" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">YouTube</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> (parent)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_YouTube" title="History of YouTube">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_YouTube" title="Social impact of YouTube">Social impact</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neal_Mohan" title="Neal Mohan">Neal Mohan</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyor_Cohen" title="Lyor Cohen">Lyor Cohen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Chen" title="Steve Chen">Steve Chen</a> (founder)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad_Hurley" title="Chad Hurley">Chad Hurley</a> (founder & CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salar_Kamangar" title="Salar Kamangar">Salar Kamangar</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Wojcicki" title="Susan Wojcicki">Susan Wojcicki</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawed_Karim" title="Jawed Karim">Jawed Karim</a> (founder)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susanne_Daniels" title="Susanne Daniels">Susanne Daniels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kyncl" title="Robert Kyncl">Robert Kyncl</a> (CBO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udi_Manber" title="Udi Manber">Udi Manber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yu_Pan" title="Yu Pan">Yu Pan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-subscribed_YouTube_channels" title="List of most-subscribed YouTube channels">Most-subscribed channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-viewed_YouTube_channels" title="List of most-viewed YouTube channels">Most-viewed channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-channel_network" title="Multi-channel network">Multi-channel network</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_multi-channel_networks" title="List of multi-channel networks">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_(channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube (channel)">Official channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Original_Channel_Initiative" title="YouTube Original Channel Initiative">Original channels</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture and videos</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apology_video" title="Apology video">Apology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauty_YouTuber" title="Beauty YouTuber">Beauty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BookTube" title="BookTube">BookTube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BreadTube" title="BreadTube">BreadTube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Creator_Awards" title="YouTube Creator Awards">Creator Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draw_My_Life" title="Draw My Life">Draw My Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Let%27s_Play" title="Let's Play">Let's Play</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Me_at_the_zoo" title="Me at the zoo">Me at the zoo</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PewDiePie_vs_T-Series" title="PewDiePie vs T-Series">PewDiePie vs T-Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reply_girl" title="Reply girl">Reply girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StudyTube" title="StudyTube">StudyTube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viral_video" title="Viral video">Viral video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_poop" title="YouTube poop">YouTube poop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Rewind" title="YouTube Rewind">YouTube Rewind</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Rewind_2018:_Everyone_Controls_Rewind" title="YouTube Rewind 2018: Everyone Controls Rewind">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Rewind_2019:_For_the_Record" title="YouTube Rewind 2019: For the Record">2019</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTuber" title="YouTuber">YouTuber</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_YouTubers" title="List of YouTubers">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VTuber" title="VTuber">VTuber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-viewed_YouTube_videos" title="List of most-viewed YouTube videos">Most-viewed videos</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-viewed_Arabic_music_videos_on_YouTube" title="List of most-viewed Arabic music videos on YouTube">Arabic music videos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-viewed_French_music_videos_on_YouTube" title="List of most-viewed French music videos on YouTube">French music videos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-viewed_Indian_YouTube_videos" title="List of most-viewed Indian YouTube videos">Indian videos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-viewed_Pakistani_YouTube_videos" title="List of most-viewed Pakistani YouTube videos">Pakistani videos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-liked_YouTube_videos" title="List of most-liked YouTube videos">Most-liked videos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-disliked_YouTube_videos" title="List of most-disliked YouTube videos">Most-disliked videos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_YouTube" class="mw-redirect" title="Criticism of YouTube">Criticism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_by_YouTube" class="mw-redirect" title="Censorship by YouTube">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_copyright_issues" title="YouTube copyright issues">Copyright issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Content_ID" title="Content ID">Content ID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_copyright_strike" title="YouTube copyright strike">Copyright strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viacom_International_Inc._v._YouTube,_Inc." title="Viacom International Inc. v. YouTube, Inc.">Viacom International Inc. v. YouTube, Inc.</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_moderation" title="YouTube moderation">Moderation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_suspensions" title="YouTube suspensions">Channel suspensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsagate" title="Elsagate">Elsagate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Adventures_scandal" title="Fantastic Adventures scandal">Fantastic Adventures scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garcia_v._Google,_Inc." title="Garcia v. Google, Inc.">Garcia v. Google, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Kohistan_video_case" title="2012 Kohistan video case">Kohistan video case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Korean_YouTube_backdoor_advertising_controversy" title="2020 Korean YouTube backdoor advertising controversy">Korean backdoor advertisement controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenz_v._Universal_Music_Corp." title="Lenz v. Universal Music Corp.">Lenz v. Universal Music Corp.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_and_privacy" title="YouTube and privacy">Privacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_Innocence_of_Muslims" title="Reactions to Innocence of Muslims">Reactions to Innocence of Muslims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Slovenian_YouTube_incident" title="2011 Slovenian YouTube incident">Slovenian government incident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apps and services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_BrandConnect" title="YouTube BrandConnect">BrandConnect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Kids" title="YouTube Kids">Kids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Music" title="YouTube Music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Premium" title="YouTube Premium">Premium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_YouTube_Premium_original_programming" title="List of YouTube Premium original programming">original programming</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Shorts" title="YouTube Shorts">Shorts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Studio" title="YouTube Studio">Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_TV" title="YouTube TV">TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_VR" title="YouTube VR">VR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Awards" title="YouTube Awards">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNN/YouTube_presidential_debates" title="CNN/YouTube presidential debates">CNN/YouTube presidential debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Comedy_Week" title="YouTube Comedy Week">Comedy Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creator_Clash" title="Creator Clash">Creator Clash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSI_vs_Logan_Paul" title="KSI vs Logan Paul">KSI vs Logan Paul</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KSI_vs._Logan_Paul_II" title="KSI vs. Logan Paul II">rematch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Live" title="YouTube Live">Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Music_Awards" title="YouTube Music Awards">Music Awards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2013_YouTube_Music_Awards" title="2013 YouTube Music Awards">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_YouTube_Music_Awards" title="2015 YouTube Music Awards">2015</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Sauce" title="Open Sauce">Open Sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playlist_Live" title="Playlist Live">Playlist Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_for_Awesome" title="Project for Awesome">Project for Awesome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_in_the_City" title="Social in the City">Social in the City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streamy_Awards" title="Streamy Awards">Streamy Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Space_Lab" title="YouTube Space Lab">Space Lab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Symphony_Orchestra" title="YouTube Symphony Orchestra">Symphony Orchestra</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Symphony_No._1" title="Internet Symphony No. 1">Internet Symphony No. 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothership_(composition)" title="Mothership (composition)">Mothership</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubecon" title="Tubecon">Tubecon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VidCon" title="VidCon">VidCon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_YouTube" title="Censorship of YouTube">Censorship of YouTube</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blocking_of_YouTube_videos_in_Germany" title="Blocking of YouTube videos in Germany">Germany</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Select" title="YouTube Select">YouTube Select</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_headquarters_shooting" title="YouTube headquarters shooting">Headquarters shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_in_education" title="YouTube in education">In education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vevo" title="Vevo">Vevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_YouTube_downloaders" title="Comparison of YouTube downloaders">YouTube downloaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Instant" title="YouTube Instant">YouTube Instant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Space" title="YouTube Space">YouTube Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Theater" title="YouTube Theater">YouTube Theater</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:YouTube" title="Category:YouTube">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Google" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Google_LLC" title="Template:Google LLC"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Google_LLC" title="Template talk:Google LLC"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Google_LLC" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Google LLC"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Google" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_Inc." title="Alphabet Inc.">Alphabet Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Google" title="History of Google">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Android_apps_by_Google" title="List of Android apps by Google">List of Android apps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Google_Easter_eggs" title="List of Google Easter eggs">List of Easter eggs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Google_April_Fools%27_Day_jokes" title="List of Google April Fools' Day jokes">April Fools' Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_Alphabet" title="List of mergers and acquisitions by Alphabet">List of mergers and acquisitions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Company" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Company</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Ads" title="Google Ads">Ads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_AI" title="Google AI">AI</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Brain" title="Google Brain">Brain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_DeepMind" title="Google DeepMind">DeepMind</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Booting_process_of_Android_devices" title="Booting process of Android devices">booting process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_recovery_mode" title="Android recovery mode">recovery mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_software_development" title="Android software development">software development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_version_history" title="Android version history">version history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_China" title="Google China">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goojje" title="Goojje">Goojje</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Chrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Cloud_Platform" title="Google Cloud Platform">Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Glass" title="Google Glass">Glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google.org" title="Google.org">Google.org</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Crisis_Response" title="Google Crisis Response">Crisis Response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Public_Alerts" title="Google Public Alerts">Public Alerts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RechargeIT" title="RechargeIT">RechargeIT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Health" title="Google Health">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Maps" title="Google Maps">Maps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Pixel" title="Google Pixel">Pixel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Search" title="Google Search">Search</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Google_Search" title="Timeline of Google Search">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidewalk_Labs" title="Sidewalk Labs">Sidewalk Labs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Energy" title="Google Energy">Sustainability</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">YouTube</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_YouTube" title="History of YouTube">History</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Me_at_the_zoo" title="Me at the zoo">Me at the zoo</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_YouTube" title="Social impact of YouTube">Social impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTuber" title="YouTuber">YouTuber</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Google_employees" title="Category:Google employees">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Bharat" title="Krishna Bharat">Krishna Bharat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vint_Cerf" title="Vint Cerf">Vint Cerf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Dean" title="Jeff Dean">Jeff Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Doerr" title="John Doerr">John Doerr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjay_Ghemawat" title="Sanjay Ghemawat">Sanjay Ghemawat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_L._Hennessy" title="John L. Hennessy">John L. Hennessy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urs_H%C3%B6lzle" title="Urs Hölzle">Urs Hölzle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salar_Kamangar" title="Salar Kamangar">Salar Kamangar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Kurzweil" title="Ray Kurzweil">Ray Kurzweil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Mather" title="Ann Mather">Ann Mather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Mulally" title="Alan Mulally">Alan Mulally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Osterloh" title="Rick Osterloh">Rick Osterloh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundar_Pichai" title="Sundar Pichai">Sundar Pichai</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Porat" title="Ruth Porat">Ruth Porat</a> (CFO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajen_Sheth" title="Rajen Sheth">Rajen Sheth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Varian" title="Hal Varian">Hal Varian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neal_Mohan" title="Neal Mohan">Neal Mohan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Bechtolsheim" title="Andy Bechtolsheim">Andy Bechtolsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Brin" title="Sergey Brin">Sergey Brin</a> (Founder)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cheriton" title="David Cheriton">David Cheriton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Cutts" title="Matt Cutts">Matt Cutts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Drummond_(businessman)" title="David Drummond (businessman)">David Drummond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Eustace" title="Alan Eustace">Alan Eustace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timnit_Gebru" title="Timnit Gebru">Timnit Gebru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omid_Kordestani" title="Omid Kordestani">Omid Kordestani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Otellini" title="Paul Otellini">Paul Otellini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Page" title="Larry Page">Larry Page</a> (Founder)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Pichette" title="Patrick Pichette">Patrick Pichette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Schmidt" title="Eric Schmidt">Eric Schmidt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Shriram" title="Ram Shriram">Ram Shriram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amit_Singhal" title="Amit Singhal">Amit Singhal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_M._Tilghman" title="Shirley M. Tilghman">Shirley M. Tilghman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Whetstone" title="Rachel Whetstone">Rachel Whetstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Wojcicki" title="Susan Wojcicki">Susan Wojcicki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Real estate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/111_Eighth_Avenue" title="111 Eighth Avenue">111 Eighth Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Androidland" title="Androidland">Androidland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_barges" title="Google barges">Barges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binoculars_Building" title="Binoculars Building">Binoculars Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Saint_Giles" title="Central Saint Giles">Central Saint Giles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelsea_Market" title="Chelsea Market">Chelsea Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrome_Zone" title="Chrome Zone">Chrome Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_data_centers" title="Google data centers">Data centers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Googleplex" title="Googleplex">Googleplex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayfield_Mall" title="Mayfield Mall">Mayfield Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pier_57" title="Pier 57">Pier 57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidewalk_Toronto" title="Sidewalk Toronto">Sidewalk Toronto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Terminal" title="St. John's Terminal">St. John's Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Space" title="YouTube Space">YouTube Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Theater" title="YouTube Theater">YouTube Theater</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Design</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Fonts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croscore_fonts" title="Croscore fonts">Croscore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noto_fonts" title="Noto fonts">Noto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_Sans" title="Product Sans">Product Sans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roboto" title="Roboto">Roboto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_logo" title="Google logo">Logo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Doodle" title="Google Doodle">Doodle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doodle_Champion_Island_Games" title="Doodle Champion Island Games">Doodle Champion Island Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_Cat_Academy" title="Magic Cat Academy">Magic Cat Academy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Material_Design" title="Material Design">Material Design</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Android <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Android_Developer_Challenge" title="Android Developer Challenge">Developer Challenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_Developer_Day" title="Android Developer Day">Developer Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_Developer_Lab" title="Android Developer Lab">Developer Lab</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Code-in" title="Google Code-in">Code-in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Code_Jam" title="Google Code Jam">Code Jam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Developer_Day" title="Google Developer Day">Developer Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Developers_Live" title="Google Developers Live">Developers Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doodle4Google" title="Doodle4Google">Doodle4Google</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G-Day" title="G-Day">G-Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_I/O" title="Google I/O">I/O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jigsaw_(company)" title="Jigsaw (company)">Jigsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_Stories" title="Living Stories">Living Stories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Lunar_X_Prize" title="Google Lunar X Prize">Lunar XPRIZE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Mapathon" title="Google Mapathon">Mapathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Science_Fair" title="Google Science Fair">Science Fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Summer_of_Code" title="Google Summer of Code">Summer of Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talks_at_Google" class="mw-redirect" title="Talks at Google">Talks at Google</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">YouTube</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Awards" title="YouTube Awards">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNN/YouTube_presidential_debates" title="CNN/YouTube presidential debates">CNN/YouTube presidential debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Comedy_Week" title="YouTube Comedy Week">Comedy Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Live" title="YouTube Live">Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Music_Awards" title="YouTube Music Awards">Music Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Space_Lab" title="YouTube Space Lab">Space Lab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Symphony_Orchestra" title="YouTube Symphony Orchestra">Symphony Orchestra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Projects and initiatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Side_project_time" title="Side project time">20% project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Area_120" title="Area 120">Area 120</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reply_(Google)" title="Reply (Google)">Reply</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tables_(Google)" title="Tables (Google)">Tables</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_ATAP" title="Google ATAP">ATAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Business_Groups" title="Google Business Groups">Business Groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM/Google_Cloud_Computing_University_Initiative" title="IBM/Google Cloud Computing University Initiative">Computing University Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Data_Liberation_Front" title="Google Data Liberation Front">Data Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_Transfer_Project" title="Data Transfer Project">Data Transfer Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Developer_Expert" title="Google Developer Expert">Developer Expert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Digital_Garage" title="Google Digital Garage">Digital Garage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_News_Initiative" title="Digital News Initiative">Digital News Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Unlocked" title="Digital Unlocked">Digital Unlocked</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragonfly_(search_engine)" title="Dragonfly (search engine)">Dragonfly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Founders%27_Award" title="Google Founders' Award">Founders' Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Free_Zone" title="Google Free Zone">Free Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Get_Your_Business_Online" title="Google Get Your Business Online">Get Your Business Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_for_Education" title="Google for Education">Google for Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_for_Startups" title="Google for Startups">Google for Startups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Labs" title="Google Labs">Labs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_Galaxy" title="Liquid Galaxy">Liquid Galaxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Made_with_Code" title="Made with Code">Made with Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_M%C4%81ori" title="Google Māori">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_News_Lab" title="Google News Lab">News Lab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Nightingale" title="Project Nightingale">Nightingale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectives_and_key_results" title="Objectives and key results">Objectives and key results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_PowerMeter" title="Google PowerMeter">PowerMeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privacy_Sandbox" title="Privacy Sandbox">Privacy Sandbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_Artificial_Intelligence_Lab" title="Quantum Artificial Intelligence Lab">Quantum Artificial Intelligence Lab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RechargeIT" title="RechargeIT">RechargeIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Shield" title="Project Shield">Shield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Silicon_Initiative" title="Google Silicon Initiative">Silicon Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solve_for_X" title="Solve for X">Solve for X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Starline" title="Project Starline">Starline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Student_Ambassador_Program" title="Google Student Ambassador Program">Student Ambassador Program</a></li> <li>Submarine communications cables <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dunant_(submarine_communications_cable)" title="Dunant (submarine communications cable)">Dunant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Hopper_(submarine_communications_cable)" title="Grace Hopper (submarine communications cable)">Grace Hopper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Sunroof" title="Project Sunroof">Sunroof</a></li> <li>YouTube <ul><li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Creator_Awards" title="YouTube Creator Awards">Creator Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Next_Lab_and_Audience_Development_Group" title="YouTube Next Lab and Audience Development Group">Next Lab and Audience Development Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Original_Channel_Initiative" title="YouTube Original Channel Initiative">Original Channel Initiative</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Zero" title="Project Zero">Zero</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Google" title="Criticism of Google">Criticism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Google_data_breach" title="2018 Google data breach">2018 data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Google_walkouts" title="2018 Google walkouts">2018 walkouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_Workers_Union" title="Alphabet Workers Union">Alphabet Workers Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_by_Google" title="Censorship by Google">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeGoogle" title="DeGoogle">DeGoogle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragonfly_(search_engine)" title="Dragonfly (search engine)">Dragonfly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FairSearch" title="FairSearch">FairSearch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google%27s_Ideological_Echo_Chamber" title="Google's Ideological Echo Chamber">"Ideological Echo Chamber" memo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_litigation" title="Google litigation">Litigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privacy_concerns_with_Google" title="Privacy concerns with Google">Privacy concerns</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Street_View_privacy_concerns" title="Google Street View privacy concerns">Street View</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_tech_bus_protests" title="San Francisco tech bus protests">San Francisco tech bus protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_services_outages" title="Google services outages">Services outages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smartphone_patent_wars" title="Smartphone patent wars">Smartphone patent wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_worker_organization" title="Google worker organization">Worker organization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Google#YouTube" title="Criticism of Google">YouTube</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Korean_YouTube_backdoor_advertising_controversy" title="2020 Korean YouTube backdoor advertising controversy">Back advertisement controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_by_Google#YouTube" title="Censorship by Google">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_copyright_issues" title="YouTube copyright issues">Copyright issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_copyright_strike" title="YouTube copyright strike">Copyright strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsagate" title="Elsagate">Elsagate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Adventures_scandal" title="Fantastic Adventures scandal">Fantastic Adventures scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_headquarters_shooting" title="YouTube headquarters shooting">Headquarters shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Kohistan_video_case" title="2012 Kohistan video case">Kohistan video case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_Innocence_of_Muslims" title="Reactions to Innocence of Muslims">Reactions to Innocence of Muslims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Slovenian_YouTube_incident" title="2011 Slovenian YouTube incident">Slovenian government incident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Development" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Google_Developers" title="Google Developers">Development</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operating systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Android_Automotive" title="Android Automotive">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_OS" title="Glass OS">Glass OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_Go" title="Android Go">Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GLinux" title="GLinux">gLinux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goobuntu" title="Goobuntu">Goobuntu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_Things" title="Android Things">Things</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_TV" title="Android TV">TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wear_OS" title="Wear OS">Wear OS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ChromeOS" title="ChromeOS">ChromeOS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ChromiumOS" title="ChromiumOS">ChromiumOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neverware" title="Neverware">Neverware</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuchsia_(operating_system)" title="Fuchsia (operating system)">Fuchsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_TV_(operating_system)" title="Google TV (operating system)">TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Libraries/ frameworks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ALTS" title="ALTS">ALTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accelerated_Mobile_Pages" title="Accelerated Mobile Pages">AMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angular_(web_framework)" title="Angular (web framework)">Angular</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AngularJS" title="AngularJS">JS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARCore" title="ARCore">ARCore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_APIs" title="Google APIs">APIs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockly" title="Blockly">Blockly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Chart_API" title="Google Chart API">Chart API</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Charts" title="Google Charts">Charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialogflow" title="Dialogflow">Dialogflow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exposure_Notification" title="Exposure Notification">Exposure Notification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_Pair" title="Fast Pair">Fast Pair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federated_Learning_of_Cohorts" title="Federated Learning of Cohorts">Federated Learning of Cohorts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_File_System" title="Google File System">File System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FlatBuffers" title="FlatBuffers">FlatBuffers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flutter_(software)" title="Flutter (software)">Flutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gears_(software)" title="Gears (software)">Gears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRPC" title="GRPC">gRPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gson" title="Gson">Gson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Guava" title="Google Guava">Guava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Guice" title="Google Guice">Guice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guetzli" title="Guetzli">Guetzli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_JAX" title="Google JAX">JAX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GVisor" title="GVisor">gVisor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MapReduce" title="MapReduce">MapReduce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matter_(standard)" title="Matter (standard)">Matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Mobile_Services" title="Google Mobile Services">Mobile Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Neural_Machine_Translation" title="Google Neural Machine Translation">Neural Machine Translation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenSocial" title="OpenSocial">OpenSocial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Pack" title="Google Pack">Pack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polymer_(library)" title="Polymer (library)">Polymer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protocol_Buffers" title="Protocol Buffers">Protocol Buffers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reqwireless" title="Reqwireless">Reqwireless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Shell" title="Google Shell">Shell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skia_Graphics_Engine" title="Skia Graphics Engine">Skia Graphics Engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tango_(platform)" title="Tango (platform)">Tango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TensorFlow" title="TensorFlow">TensorFlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Test" title="Google Test">Test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WaveNet" title="WaveNet">WaveNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weave_(protocol)" title="Weave (protocol)">Weave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Web_Accelerator" title="Google Web Accelerator">Web Accelerator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebRTC" title="WebRTC">WebRTC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Platforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_App_Engine" title="Google App Engine">App Engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AppJet" title="AppJet">AppJet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Apps_Script" title="Google Apps Script">Apps Script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Cloud_Platform" title="Google Cloud Platform">Cloud Platform</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anvato" title="Anvato">Anvato</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firebase" title="Firebase">Firebase</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firebase_Cloud_Messaging" title="Firebase Cloud Messaging">Cloud Messaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crashlytics" title="Crashlytics">Crashlytics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_IP_Solutions" title="Global IP Solutions">Global IP Solutions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Low_Bitrate_Codec" title="Internet Low Bitrate Codec">Internet Low Bitrate Codec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Speech_Audio_Codec" title="Internet Speech Audio Codec">Internet Speech Audio Codec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gridcentric,_Inc." title="Gridcentric, Inc.">Gridcentric, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITA_Software" title="ITA Software">ITA Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubernetes" title="Kubernetes">Kubernetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LevelDB" title="LevelDB">LevelDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neatx" title="Neatx">Neatx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_IDX" title="Project IDX">Project IDX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SageTV" title="SageTV">SageTV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apigee" title="Apigee">Apigee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bigtable" title="Bigtable">Bigtable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitium" title="Bitium">Bitium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronicle_Security" title="Chronicle Security">Chronicle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VirusTotal" title="VirusTotal">VirusTotal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Compute_Engine" title="Google Compute Engine">Compute Engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Cloud_Connect" title="Google Cloud Connect">Connect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Cloud_Dataflow" title="Google Cloud Dataflow">Dataflow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Cloud_Datastore" title="Google Cloud Datastore">Datastore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaggle" title="Kaggle">Kaggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Looker_(company)" title="Looker (company)">Looker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandiant" title="Mandiant">Mandiant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Cloud_Messaging" title="Google Cloud Messaging">Messaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbitera" title="Orbitera">Orbitera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Cloud_Shell" title="Google Cloud Shell">Shell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stackdriver" title="Stackdriver">Stackdriver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Cloud_Storage" title="Google Cloud Storage">Storage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Fuzzy_Lop_(software)" title="American Fuzzy Lop (software)">American Fuzzy Lop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_Cloud_to_Device_Messaging" title="Android Cloud to Device Messaging">Android Cloud to Device Messaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_Debug_Bridge" title="Android Debug Bridge">Android Debug Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_Studio" title="Android Studio">Android Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_App_Maker" title="Google App Maker">App Maker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_App_Runtime_for_Chrome" title="Google App Runtime for Chrome">App Runtime for Chrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AppSheet" title="AppSheet">AppSheet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazel_(software)" title="Bazel (software)">Bazel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome_Frame" title="Google Chrome Frame">Chrome Frame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Closure_Tools" title="Google Closure Tools">Closure Tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cpplint" title="Cpplint">Cpplint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Data_Protocol" title="Google Data Protocol">Data Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Gadgets" title="Google Gadgets">Gadgets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrit_(software)" title="Gerrit (software)">Gerrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GYP_(software)" title="GYP (software)">GYP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Kythe" title="Google Kythe">Kythe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Lighthouse" title="Google Lighthouse">Lighthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIT_App_Inventor" title="MIT App Inventor">MIT App Inventor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Mashup_Editor" title="Google Mashup Editor">Mashup Editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Native_Client" title="Google Native Client">Native Client</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Optimize" title="Google Optimize">Optimize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenRefine" title="OpenRefine">OpenRefine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OR-Tools" title="OR-Tools">OR-Tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_PageSpeed_Tools" title="Google PageSpeed Tools">PageSpeed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Plugin_for_Eclipse" title="Google Plugin for Eclipse">Plugin for Eclipse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Programmable_Search_Engine" title="Google Programmable Search Engine">Programmable Search Engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Public_DNS" title="Google Public DNS">Public DNS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ReCAPTCHA" title="ReCAPTCHA">reCAPTCHA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schema.org" title="Schema.org">Schema.org</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Search_Console" title="Google Search Console">Search Console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitemaps" title="Sitemaps">Sitemaps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Swiffy" title="Google Swiffy">Swiffy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesseract_(software)" title="Tesseract (software)">Tesseract (software)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trendalyzer" title="Trendalyzer">Trendalyzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VisBug" title="VisBug">VisBug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Wave_Federation_Protocol" title="Google Wave Federation Protocol">Wave Federation Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Web_Toolkit" title="Google Web Toolkit">Web Toolkit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Search algorithms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Hummingbird" title="Google Hummingbird">Hummingbird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PageRank" title="PageRank">PageRank</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_matrix" title="Google matrix">Matrix</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Panda" title="Google Panda">Panda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Penguin" title="Google Penguin">Penguin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Pigeon" title="Google Pigeon">Pigeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RankBrain" title="RankBrain">RankBrain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BERT_(language_model)" title="BERT (language model)">BERT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BigQuery" title="BigQuery">BigQuery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome_Experiments" title="Google Chrome Experiments">Chrome Experiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flutter_(American_company)" title="Flutter (American company)">Flutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemini_(language_model)" title="Gemini (language model)">Gemini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Googlebot" title="Googlebot">Googlebot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keyhole_Markup_Language" title="Keyhole Markup Language">Keyhole Markup Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaMDA" title="LaMDA">LaMDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Location_Code" title="Open Location Code">Open Location Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PaLM" title="PaLM">PaLM</a></li> <li>Programming languages <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caja_project" title="Caja project">Caja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_(programming_language)" title="Carbon (programming language)">Carbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dart_(programming_language)" title="Dart (programming language)">Dart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go_(programming_language)" title="Go (programming language)">Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawzall_(programming_language)" title="Sawzall (programming language)">Sawzall</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transformer_(deep_learning_architecture)" title="Transformer (deep learning architecture)">Transformer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viewdle" title="Viewdle">Viewdle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webdriver_Torso" title="Webdriver Torso">Webdriver Torso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Web_Server" title="Google Web Server">Web Server</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">File formats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Android_App_Bundle" title="Android App Bundle">AAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apk_(file_format)" title="Apk (file format)">APK</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AV1" title="AV1">AV1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On2_Technologies" title="On2 Technologies">On2 Technologies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VP3" title="VP3">VP3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VP6" title="VP6">VP6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VP8" title="VP8">VP8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libvpx" title="Libvpx">libvpx</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VP9" title="VP9">VP9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebM" title="WebM">WebM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebP" title="WebP">WebP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Open_Font_Format" title="Web Open Font Format">WOFF2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Products" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Google_products" title="List of Google products">Products</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Entertainment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Currents_(news_app)" title="Google Currents (news app)">Currents (news app)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Throttle_Games" title="Green Throttle Games">Green Throttle Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owlchemy_Labs" title="Owlchemy Labs">Owlchemy Labs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster_(company)" title="Oyster (company)">Oyster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PaperofRecord.com" title="PaperofRecord.com">PaperofRecord.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Podcasts" title="Google Podcasts">Podcasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quick,_Draw!" title="Quick, Draw!">Quick, Draw!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Santa_Tracker" title="Google Santa Tracker">Santa Tracker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songza" title="Songza">Songza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Stadia" title="Google Stadia">Stadia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Stadia_games" title="List of Stadia games">games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Studios" title="Typhoon Studios">Typhoon Studios</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_TV_(service)" title="Google TV (service)">TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vevo" title="Vevo">Vevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Video" title="Google Video">Video</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Google_Play" title="Google Play">Play</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Play_Books" title="Google Play Books">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Play_Games" title="Google Play Games">Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-downloaded_Google_Play_applications" title="List of most-downloaded Google Play applications">most downloaded apps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Play_Music" title="Google Play Music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Play_Newsstand" title="Google Play Newsstand">Newsstand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Play_Pass" title="Google Play Pass">Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Play_Services" title="Google Play Services">Services</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">YouTube</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BandPage" title="BandPage">BandPage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_BrandConnect" title="YouTube BrandConnect">BrandConnect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Content_ID" title="Content ID">Content ID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Instant" title="YouTube Instant">Instant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Kids" title="YouTube Kids">Kids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Music" title="YouTube Music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_(YouTube_channel)" title="YouTube (YouTube channel)">Official channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Premium" title="YouTube Premium">Premium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_YouTube_Premium_original_programming" title="List of YouTube Premium original programming">original programming</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Rewind" title="YouTube Rewind">YouTube Rewind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RightsFlow" title="RightsFlow">RightsFlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Select" title="YouTube Select">Select</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Shorts" title="YouTube Shorts">Shorts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Studio" title="YouTube Studio">Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_TV" title="YouTube TV">TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communication</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Allo" title="Google Allo">Allo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bump_(application)" title="Bump (application)">Bump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Buzz" title="Google Buzz">Buzz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Chat" title="Google Chat">Chat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Contacts" title="Google Contacts">Contacts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Currents_(social_app)" title="Google Currents (social app)">Currents (social app)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodgeball_(service)" title="Dodgeball (service)">Dodgeball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Duo" title="Google Duo">Duo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Fi_Wireless" title="Google Fi Wireless">Fi Wireless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Friend_Connect" title="Google Friend Connect">Friend Connect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gizmo5" title="Gizmo5">Gizmo5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google%2B" title="Google+">Google+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gmail" title="Gmail">Gmail</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Gmail" title="History of Gmail">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inbox_by_Gmail" title="Inbox by Gmail">Inbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gmail_interface" title="Gmail interface">Interface</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Groups" title="Google Groups">Groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Hangouts" title="Google Hangouts">Hangouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Helpouts" title="Google Helpouts">Helpouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_IME" title="Google IME">IME</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Japanese_Input" title="Google Japanese Input">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Pinyin" title="Google Pinyin">Pinyin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaiku" title="Jaiku">Jaiku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marratech" title="Marratech">Marratech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meebo" title="Meebo">Meebo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Meet" title="Google Meet">Meet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Messages" title="Google Messages">Messages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Moderator" title="Google Moderator">Moderator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neotonic_Software" title="Neotonic Software">Neotonic Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orkut" title="Orkut">Orkut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postini" title="Postini">Postini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quest_Visual" title="Quest Visual">Quest Visual</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Word_Lens" title="Word Lens">Word Lens</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Schemer" title="Google Schemer">Schemer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Spaces" title="Google Spaces">Spaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparrow_(email_client)" title="Sparrow (email client)">Sparrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Talk" title="Google Talk">Talk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Translate" title="Google Translate">Translate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Translator_Toolkit" title="Google Translator Toolkit">Translator Toolkit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Voice" title="Google Voice">Voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOOG-411" title="GOOG-411">Voice Local Search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Wave" title="Google Wave">Wave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Google_Search" title="Google Search">Search</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aardvark_(search_engine)" title="Aardvark (search engine)">Aardvark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Alerts" title="Google Alerts">Alerts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Answers" title="Google Answers">Answers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Base" title="Google Base">Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BeatThatQuote.com" title="BeatThatQuote.com">BeatThatQuote.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Blog_Search" title="Google Blog Search">Blog Search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Books</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Books_Ngram_Viewer" title="Google Books Ngram Viewer">Ngram Viewer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Code_Search" title="Google Code Search">Code Search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_Commons" title="Data Commons">Data Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Dataset_Search" title="Google Dataset Search">Dataset Search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Dictionary" title="Google Dictionary">Dictionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Directory" title="Google Directory">Directory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Fast_Flip" title="Google Fast Flip">Fast Flip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Flu_Trends" title="Google Flu Trends">Flu Trends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Finance" title="Google Finance">Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Goggles" title="Google Goggles">Goggles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google.by" title="Google.by">Google.by</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Images" title="Google Images">Images</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Image_Labeler" title="Google Image Labeler">Image Labeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Image_Swirl" title="Google Image Swirl">Image Swirl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaltix" title="Kaltix">Kaltix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Knowledge_Graph" title="Google Knowledge Graph">Knowledge Graph</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freebase_(database)" title="Freebase (database)">Freebase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaweb" title="Metaweb">Metaweb</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Like.com" title="Like.com">Like.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_News" title="Google News">News</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_News_Archive" title="Google News Archive">Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_News_%26_Weather" title="Google News & Weather">Weather</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Patents" title="Google Patents">Patents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Cards" title="People Cards">People Cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Personalized_Search" title="Google Personalized Search">Personalized Search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Public_Data_Explorer" title="Google Public Data Explorer">Public Data Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Questions_and_Answers" class="mw-redirect" title="Google Questions and Answers">Questions and Answers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SafeSearch" title="SafeSearch">SafeSearch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar">Scholar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_SearchWiki" title="Google SearchWiki">Searchwiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Shopping" title="Google Shopping">Shopping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Catalogs" title="Google Catalogs">Catalogs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Express" title="Google Express">Express</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Squared" title="Google Squared">Squared</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenor_(website)" title="Tenor (website)">Tenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Travel" title="Google Travel">Travel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Flights" title="Google Flights">Flights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Trends" title="Google Trends">Trends</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Insights_for_Search" title="Google Insights for Search">Insights for Search</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Voice_Search" title="Google Voice Search">Voice Search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WDYL_(search_engine)" title="WDYL (search engine)">WDYL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Navigation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Earth" title="Google Earth">Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endoxon" title="Endoxon">Endoxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ImageAmerica" title="ImageAmerica">ImageAmerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Maps" title="Google Maps">Maps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Latitude" title="Google Latitude">Latitude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Map_Maker" title="Google Map Maker">Map Maker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Maps_Navigation" title="Google Maps Navigation">Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Maps_pin" title="Google Maps pin">Pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Street_View" title="Google Street View">Street View</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Street_View_coverage" title="Google Street View coverage">Coverage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_View_Trusted" title="Street View Trusted">Trusted</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waze" title="Waze">Waze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Where_Is_My_Train" title="Where Is My Train">Where Is My Train</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Business and finance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Ad_Manager" title="Google Ad Manager">Ad Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AdMob" title="AdMob">AdMob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Ads" title="Google Ads">Ads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adscape" title="Adscape">Adscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_AdSense" title="Google AdSense">AdSense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Attribution" title="Google Attribution">Attribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BebaPay" title="BebaPay">BebaPay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Checkout" title="Google Checkout">Checkout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Contributor" title="Google Contributor">Contributor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DoubleClick" title="DoubleClick">DoubleClick</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Affiliate_Network" title="Google Affiliate Network">Affiliate Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invite_Media" title="Invite Media">Invite Media</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Analytics" title="Google Analytics">Marketing Platform</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Analytics" title="Google Analytics">Analytics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Looker_Studio" title="Looker Studio">Looker Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urchin_(software)" title="Urchin (software)">Urchin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Pay_(mobile_app)" title="Google Pay (mobile app)">Pay (mobile app)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Wallet" title="Google Wallet">Wallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Pay_(payment_method)" title="Google Pay (payment method)">Pay (payment method)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Pay_Send" title="Google Pay Send">Send</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tez_(software)" title="Tez (software)">Tez</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PostRank" title="PostRank">PostRank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Primer" title="Google Primer">Primer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softcard" title="Softcard">Softcard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildfire_Interactive" title="Wildfire Interactive">Wildfire Interactive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Widevine" title="Widevine">Widevine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organization and productivity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Bookmarks" title="Google Bookmarks">Bookmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Browser_Sync" title="Google Browser Sync">Browser Sync</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Calendar" title="Google Calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Cloud_Search" title="Google Cloud Search">Cloud Search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Desktop" title="Google Desktop">Desktop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Drive" title="Google Drive">Drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etherpad" title="Etherpad">Etherpad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fflick" title="Fflick">fflick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Files_(Google)" title="Files (Google)">Files</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IGoogle" title="IGoogle">iGoogle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamboard" title="Jamboard">Jamboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Notebook" title="Google Notebook">Notebook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NotebookLM" title="NotebookLM">NotebookLM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_One" title="Google One">One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Photos" title="Google Photos">Photos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quickoffice" title="Quickoffice">Quickoffice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Quick_Search_Box" title="Google Quick Search Box">Quick Search Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Surveys" title="Google Surveys">Surveys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Sync" title="Google Sync">Sync</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Tasks" title="Google Tasks">Tasks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Toolbar" title="Google Toolbar">Toolbar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Google_Docs_Editors" title="Google Docs Editors">Docs Editors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Docs" title="Google Docs">Docs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Drawings" title="Google Drawings">Drawings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Forms" title="Google Forms">Forms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Fusion_Tables" title="Google Fusion Tables">Fusion Tables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Keep" title="Google Keep">Keep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Sheets" title="Google Sheets">Sheets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Slides" title="Google Slides">Slides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Sites" title="Google Sites">Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Vids" title="Google Vids">Vids</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publishing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apture" title="Apture">Apture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blogger_(service)" title="Blogger (service)">Blogger</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pyra_Labs" title="Pyra Labs">Pyra Labs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Domains" title="Google Domains">Domains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FeedBurner" title="FeedBurner">FeedBurner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_One_Pass" title="Google One Pass">One Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Page_Creator" title="Google Page Creator">Page Creator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Sites" title="Google Sites">Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Web_Designer" title="Google Web Designer">Web Designer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Classroom" title="Google Classroom">Classroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grasshopper_(mobile_app)" title="Grasshopper (mobile app)">Grasshopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socratic_(Google)" title="Socratic (Google)">Socratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photomath" title="Photomath">Photomath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Read_Along" title="Read Along">Read Along</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toontastic_3D" title="Toontastic 3D">Toontastic 3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Workspace" title="Google Workspace">Workspace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Workspace_Marketplace" title="Google Workspace Marketplace">Marketplace</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Account" title="Google Account">Account</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Dashboard" title="Google Dashboard">Dashboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Takeout" title="Google Takeout">Takeout</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_Auto" title="Android Auto">Android Auto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_Beam" title="Android Beam">Android Beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Arts_%26_Culture" title="Google Arts & Culture">Arts & Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Assistant" title="Google Assistant">Assistant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Authenticator" title="Google Authenticator">Authenticator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZygoteBody" title="ZygoteBody">Body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BufferBox" title="BufferBox">BufferBox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Building_Maker" title="Google Building Maker">Building Maker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BumpTop" title="BumpTop">BumpTop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Cast" title="Google Cast">Cast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Cloud_Print" title="Google Cloud Print">Cloud Print</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowdsource_(app)" title="Crowdsource (app)">Crowdsource</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Wellbeing" title="Digital Wellbeing">Digital Wellbeing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Expeditions" title="Google Expeditions">Expeditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Family_Link" title="Google Family Link">Family Link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Find_My_Device" title="Find My Device">Find My Device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Fit" title="Google Fit">Fit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Fonts" title="Google Fonts">Google Fonts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gboard" title="Gboard">Gboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemini_(chatbot)" title="Gemini (chatbot)">Gemini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Gesture_Search" title="Google Gesture Search">Gesture Search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impermium" title="Impermium">Impermium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knol" title="Knol">Knol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Lively" title="Google Lively">Lively</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_Transcribe" title="Live Transcribe">Live Transcribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MyTracks" title="MyTracks">MyTracks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nearby_Share" title="Nearby Share">Nearby Share</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Now" title="Google Now">Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Offers" title="Google Offers">Offers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Opinion_Rewards" title="Google Opinion Rewards">Opinion Rewards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Person_Finder" title="Google Person Finder">Person Finder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poly_(website)" title="Poly (website)">Poly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Question_Hub" title="Google Question Hub">Question Hub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quick_Share" title="Quick Share">Quick Share</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Reader" title="Google Reader">Reader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Safe_Browsing" title="Google Safe Browsing">Safe Browsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Sidewiki" title="Google Sidewiki">Sidewiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SlickLogin" title="SlickLogin">SlickLogin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_Amplifier" title="Sound Amplifier">Sound Amplifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speech_Recognition_%26_Synthesis" title="Speech Recognition & Synthesis">Speech Recognition & Synthesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Station" title="Google Station">Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Store" title="Google Store">Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TalkBack" title="TalkBack">TalkBack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilt_Brush" title="Tilt Brush">Tilt Brush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_URL_Shortener" title="Google URL Shortener">URL Shortener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_Access" title="Voice Access">Voice Access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wavii" title="Wavii">Wavii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Web_Light" title="Google Web Light">Web Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_WiFi" title="Google WiFi">WiFi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Chrome</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome_App" title="Google Chrome App">Apps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromium_(web_browser)" title="Chromium (web browser)">Chromium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinosaur_Game" title="Dinosaur Game">Dinosaur Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GreenBorder" title="GreenBorder">GreenBorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrome_Remote_Desktop" title="Chrome Remote Desktop">Remote Desktop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrome_Web_Store" title="Chrome Web Store">Web Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V8_(JavaScript_engine)" title="V8 (JavaScript engine)">V8</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Images and photography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_Camera" title="Pixel Camera">Camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Lens" title="Google Lens">Lens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snapseed" title="Snapseed">Snapseed</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nik_Software" title="Nik Software">Nik Software</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panoramio" title="Panoramio">Panoramio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Photos" title="Google Photos">Photos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picasa" title="Picasa">Picasa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Picasa_Web_Albums" title="Picasa Web Albums">Web Albums</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picnik" title="Picnik">Picnik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Hardware" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Hardware</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Smartphones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Android_Dev_Phone" title="Android Dev Phone">Android Dev Phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_One" title="Android One">Android One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Nexus" title="Google Nexus">Nexus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_One" title="Nexus One">Nexus One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_S" title="Nexus S">S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaxy_Nexus" title="Galaxy Nexus">Galaxy Nexus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_4" title="Nexus 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_5" title="Nexus 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_6" title="Nexus 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_5X" title="Nexus 5X">5X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_6P" title="Nexus 6P">6P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Google_Nexus_smartphones" title="Comparison of Google Nexus smartphones">Comparison</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Pixel" title="Google Pixel">Pixel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_(1st_generation)" title="Pixel (1st generation)">Pixel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_2" title="Pixel 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_3" title="Pixel 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_3a" title="Pixel 3a">3a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_4" title="Pixel 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_4a" title="Pixel 4a">4a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_5" title="Pixel 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_5a" title="Pixel 5a">5a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_6" title="Pixel 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_6a" title="Pixel 6a">6a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_7" title="Pixel 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_7a" title="Pixel 7a">7a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_Fold" title="Pixel Fold">Fold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_8" title="Pixel 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_8a" title="Pixel 8a">8a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_9" title="Pixel 9">Pixel 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_9_Pro_Fold" title="Pixel 9 Pro Fold">Pixel 9 Pro Fold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Google_Pixel_smartphones" title="Comparison of Google Pixel smartphones">Comparison</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Google_Play_edition_devices" title="List of Google Play edition devices">Play Edition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Ara" title="Project Ara">Project Ara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Laptops and tablets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chromebook" title="Chromebook">Chromebook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Nexus" title="Google Nexus">Nexus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_7_(2012)" title="Nexus 7 (2012)">7 (2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_7_(2013)" title="Nexus 7 (2013)">7 (2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_10" title="Nexus 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_9" title="Nexus 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Google_Nexus_tablets" title="Comparison of Google Nexus tablets">Comparison</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Pixel" title="Google Pixel">Pixel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chromebook_Pixel" title="Chromebook Pixel">Chromebook Pixel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixelbook" title="Pixelbook">Pixelbook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixelbook_Go" title="Pixelbook Go">Pixelbook Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_C" title="Pixel C">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_Slate" title="Pixel Slate">Slate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_Tablet" title="Pixel Tablet">Tablet</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wearables</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fitbit" title="Fitbit">Fitbit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Fitbit_products" title="List of Fitbit products">List of products</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_Buds" title="Pixel Buds">Pixel Buds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_Watch" title="Pixel Watch">Pixel Watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_Watch_2" title="Pixel Watch 2">Pixel Watch 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_Watch_3" title="Pixel Watch 3">Pixel Watch 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Iris" title="Project Iris">Project Iris</a> (unreleased)</li> <li>Virtual reality <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Cardboard" title="Google Cardboard">Cardboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Contact_Lens" title="Google Contact Lens">Contact Lens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Daydream" title="Google Daydream">Daydream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Glass" title="Google Glass">Glass</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chromebit" title="Chromebit">Chromebit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromebox" title="Chromebox">Chromebox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Clips" title="Google Clips">Clips</a></li> <li>Digital media players <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chromecast" title="Chromecast">Chromecast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_Player" title="Nexus Player">Nexus Player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_Q" title="Nexus Q">Nexus Q</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dropcam" title="Dropcam">Dropcam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_Galaxy" title="Liquid Galaxy">Liquid Galaxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Nest" title="Google Nest">Nest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Nest_(smart_speakers)" title="Google Nest (smart speakers)">Smart Speakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nest_Thermostat" title="Nest Thermostat">Thermostat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nest_Wifi" title="Nest Wifi">Wifi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_OnHub" title="Google OnHub">OnHub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_Visual_Core" title="Pixel Visual Core">Pixel Visual Core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Search_Appliance" title="Google Search Appliance">Search Appliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sycamore_processor" title="Sycamore processor">Sycamore processor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Tensor" title="Google Tensor">Tensor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tensor_Processing_Unit" title="Tensor Processing Unit">Tensor Processing Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_Security_Key" title="Titan Security Key">Titan Security Key</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Google_litigation" title="Template:Google litigation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Google_litigation" title="Template talk:Google litigation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Google_litigation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Google litigation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Litigation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Google_litigation" title="Google litigation">Litigation</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Advertising</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feldman_v._Google,_Inc." title="Feldman v. Google, Inc.">Feldman v. Google, Inc.</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rescuecom_Corp._v._Google_Inc." title="Rescuecom Corp. v. Google Inc.">Rescuecom Corp. v. Google Inc.</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goddard_v._Google,_Inc." title="Goddard v. Google, Inc.">Goddard v. Google, Inc.</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosetta_Stone_Ltd._v._Google,_Inc." title="Rosetta Stone Ltd. v. Google, Inc.">Rosetta Stone Ltd. v. Google, Inc.</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google,_Inc._v._American_Blind_%26_Wallpaper_Factory,_Inc." title="Google, Inc. v. American Blind & Wallpaper Factory, Inc.">Google, Inc. v. American Blind & Wallpaper Factory, Inc.</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jedi_Blue" title="Jedi Blue">Jedi Blue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antitrust</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antitrust_cases_against_Google_by_the_European_Union" title="Antitrust cases against Google by the European Union">European Union</a> (2010–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-Tech_Employee_Antitrust_Litigation" title="High-Tech Employee Antitrust Litigation">United States v. Adobe Systems, Inc., Apple Inc., Google Inc., Intel Corporation, Intuit, Inc., and Pixar</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umar_Javeed,_Sukarma_Thapar,_Aaqib_Javeed_vs._Google_LLC_and_Ors." title="Umar Javeed, Sukarma Thapar, Aaqib Javeed vs. Google LLC and Ors.">Umar Javeed, Sukarma Thapar, Aaqib Javeed vs. Google LLC and Ors.</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2020)" title="United States v. Google LLC (2020)">United States v. Google LLC</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2023)" title="United States v. Google LLC (2023)">United States v. Google LLC</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intellectual property</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perfect_10,_Inc._v._Amazon.com,_Inc." title="Perfect 10, Inc. v. Amazon.com, Inc.">Perfect 10, Inc. v. Amazon.com, Inc.</a> and A9.com Inc. and Google Inc. (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viacom_International_Inc._v._YouTube,_Inc." title="Viacom International Inc. v. YouTube, Inc.">Viacom International Inc. v. YouTube, Inc.</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenz_v._Universal_Music_Corp." title="Lenz v. Universal Music Corp.">Lenz v. Universal Music Corp.</a>(2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authors_Guild,_Inc._v._Google,_Inc." title="Authors Guild, Inc. v. Google, Inc.">Authors Guild, Inc. v. Google, Inc.</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_v._Google,_Inc." title="Field v. Google, Inc.">Field v. Google, Inc.</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_LLC_v._Oracle_America,_Inc." title="Google LLC v. Oracle America, Inc.">Google LLC v. Oracle America, Inc.</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smartphone_patent_wars" title="Smartphone patent wars">Smartphone patent wars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Privacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_Bank_v._Google,_Inc." title="Rocky Mountain Bank v. Google, Inc.">Rocky Mountain Bank v. Google, Inc.</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibnick_v._Google,_Inc." title="Hibnick v. Google, Inc.">Hibnick v. Google, Inc.</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Google_Inc." title="United States v. Google Inc.">United States v. Google Inc.</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judgement_of_the_German_Federal_Court_of_Justice_on_Google%27s_autocomplete_function" title="Judgement of the German Federal Court of Justice on Google's autocomplete function">Judgement of the German Federal Court of Justice on Google's autocomplete function</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joffe_v._Google,_Inc." title="Joffe v. Google, Inc.">Joffe v. Google, Inc.</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosley_v_SARL_Google" title="Mosley v SARL Google">Mosley v SARL Google</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Spain_v_AEPD_and_Mario_Costeja_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Google Spain v AEPD and Mario Costeja González">Google Spain v AEPD and Mario Costeja González</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_v._Gaos" title="Frank v. Gaos">Frank v. Gaos</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garcia_v._Google,_Inc." title="Garcia v. Google, Inc.">Garcia v. Google, Inc.</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_LLC_v_Defteros" title="Google LLC v Defteros">Google LLC v Defteros</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_Games_v._Google" title="Epic Games v. Google">Epic Games v. Google</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonzalez_v._Google_LLC" title="Gonzalez v. Google LLC">Gonzalez v. Google LLC</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Google_litigation" title="Category:Google litigation">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Related" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terms and phrases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_be_evil" title="Don't be evil">Don't be evil</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gayglers" title="Gayglers">Gayglers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_(verb)" title="Google (verb)">Google (verb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_bombing" title="Google bombing">Google bombing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_Google_bombs_in_the_2004_U.S._presidential_election" title="Political Google bombs in the 2004 U.S. presidential election">2004 U.S. presidential election</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_effect" title="Google effect">Google effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Googlefight" title="Googlefight">Googlefight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_hacking" title="Google hacking">Google hacking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Googleshare" title="Googleshare">Googleshare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_tax" title="Google tax">Google tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Googlewhack" title="Googlewhack">Googlewhack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Googlization" title="Googlization">Googlization</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Illegal_flower_tribute" title="Illegal flower tribute">Illegal flower tribute</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rooting_(Android)" title="Rooting (Android)">Rooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Search_engine_manipulation_effect" title="Search engine manipulation effect">Search engine manipulation effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitelink" title="Sitelink">Sitelink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Site_reliability_engineering" title="Site reliability engineering">Site reliability engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_poop" title="YouTube poop">YouTube poop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Documentary_films_about_Google" title="Category:Documentary films about Google">Documentaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AlphaGo_(film)" title="AlphaGo (film)">AlphaGo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Behind_the_Screen" title="Google Behind the Screen">Google: Behind the Screen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Maps_Road_Trip" title="Google Maps Road Trip">Google Maps Road Trip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_and_the_World_Brain" title="Google and the World Brain">Google and the World Brain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Creepy_Line" title="The Creepy Line">The Creepy Line</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_about_Google" title="Category:Books about Google">Books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Hacks" title="Google Hacks">Google Hacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Google_Story" title="The Google Story">The Google Story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Volume_One" title="Google Volume One">Google Volume One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Googled:_The_End_of_the_World_as_We_Know_It" title="Googled: The End of the World as We Know It">Googled: The End of the World as We Know It</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/How_Google_Works" title="How Google Works">How Google Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%27m_Feeling_Lucky_(book)" title="I'm Feeling Lucky (book)">I'm Feeling Lucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_the_Plex" title="In the Plex">In the Plex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Google_Book" title="The Google Book">The Google Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_MANIAC" title="The MANIAC">The MANIAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Popular culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Feud" title="Google Feud">Google Feud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Me_(film)" title="Google Me (film)">Google Me (film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Me_(Kim_Zolciak_song)" title="Google Me (Kim Zolciak song)">"Google Me" (Kim Zolciak song)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Me_(Teyana_Taylor_song)" title="Google Me (Teyana Taylor song)">"Google Me" (Teyana Taylor song)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Is_Google_Making_Us_Stupid%3F" title="Is Google Making Us Stupid?">Is Google Making Us Stupid?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proceratium_google" title="Proceratium google">Proceratium google</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Nathanson:_Live_at_Google" title="Matt Nathanson: Live at Google">Matt Nathanson: Live at Google</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Billion_Dollar_Code" title="The Billion Dollar Code">The Billion Dollar Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Internship" title="The Internship">The Internship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Where_on_Google_Earth_is_Carmen_Sandiego%3F" title="Where on Google Earth is Carmen Sandiego?">Where on Google Earth is Carmen Sandiego?</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Attention_Is_All_You_Need" title="Attention Is All You Need">Attention Is All You Need</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ElgooG" title="ElgooG">elgooG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predictions_of_the_end_of_Google" title="Predictions of the end of Google">Predictions of the end</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Registry" title="Google Registry">Registry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.app_(top-level_domain)" title=".app (top-level domain)">.app (top-level domain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.dev" title=".dev">.dev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.co" title="G.co">g.co</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.google" title=".google">.google</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pimp_My_Search" title="Pimp My Search">Pimp My Search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relationship_between_Google_and_Wikipedia" title="Relationship between Google and Wikipedia">Relationship with Wikipedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensorvault" title="Sensorvault">Sensorvault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Digital_Library_Project" title="Stanford Digital Library Project">Stanford Digital Library Project</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Italics indicate <a href="/wiki/List_of_Google_products#Discontinued_products_and_services" title="List of Google products">discontinued products or services</a>.</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Google" title="Category:Google">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Google" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Google">Commons</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Google" title="Outline of Google">Outline</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/72/Symbol_project_class.svg/16px-Symbol_project_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/72/Symbol_project_class.svg/23px-Symbol_project_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/72/Symbol_project_class.svg/31px-Symbol_project_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Google" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Google">WikiProject</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Alphabet_Inc." style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alphabet_Inc." title="Template:Alphabet Inc."><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alphabet_Inc." title="Template talk:Alphabet Inc."><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alphabet_Inc." title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alphabet Inc."><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Alphabet_Inc." style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_Inc." title="Alphabet Inc.">Alphabet Inc.</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Access <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Fiber" title="Google Fiber">Google Fiber</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calico_(company)" title="Calico (company)">Calico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CapitalG" title="CapitalG">CapitalG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_DeepMind" title="Google DeepMind">DeepMind</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AlphaFold" title="AlphaFold">AlphaFold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AlphaGo" title="AlphaGo">AlphaGo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AlphaGo_versus_Fan_Hui" title="AlphaGo versus Fan Hui">vs. Fan Hui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AlphaGo_versus_Ke_Jie" title="AlphaGo versus Ke Jie">vs. Ke Jie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AlphaGo_versus_Lee_Sedol" title="AlphaGo versus Lee Sedol">vs. Lee Sedol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AlphaGo_(film)" title="AlphaGo (film)">film</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_Go_Summit" title="Future of Go Summit">Future of Go Summit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AlphaGo_Zero" title="AlphaGo Zero">AlphaGo Zero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AlphaStar_(software)" title="AlphaStar (software)">AlphaStar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AlphaZero" title="AlphaZero">AlphaZero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_(software)" title="Master (software)">Master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MuZero" title="MuZero">MuZero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WaveNet" title="WaveNet">WaveNet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DoubleClick" title="DoubleClick">DoubleClick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firebase" title="Firebase">Firebase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitbit" title="Fitbit">Fitbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenor_(website)" title="Tenor (website)">Tenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waze" title="Waze">Waze</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">YouTube</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GV_(company)" title="GV (company)">GV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isomorphic_Labs" title="Isomorphic Labs">Isomorphic Labs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verily" title="Verily">Verily</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baseline_Study" title="Baseline Study">Baseline Study</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_Development" title="X Development">X Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waymo" title="Waymo">Waymo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wing_(company)" title="Wing (company)">Wing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Dynamics" title="Boston Dynamics">Boston Dynamics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronicle_Security" title="Chronicle Security">Chronicle Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jigsaw_(company)" title="Jigsaw (company)">Jigsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loon_LLC" title="Loon LLC">Loon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makani_(company)" title="Makani (company)">Makani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meka_Robotics" title="Meka Robotics">Meka Robotics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Nest" title="Google Nest">Nest Labs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidewalk_Labs" title="Sidewalk Labs">Sidewalk Labs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sidewalk_Toronto" title="Sidewalk Toronto">Toronto</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Executives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sundar_Pichai" title="Sundar Pichai">Sundar Pichai</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEO</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Porat" title="Ruth Porat">Ruth Porat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chief_financial_officer" title="Chief financial officer">CFO</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Page" title="Larry Page">Larry Page</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEO</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Brin" title="Sergey Brin">Sergey Brin</a> (<a href="/wiki/President_(corporate_title)" title="President (corporate title)">President</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Drummond_(businessman)" title="David Drummond (businessman)">David Drummond</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chief_legal_officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief legal officer">CLO</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Board of directors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Arnold" title="Frances Arnold">Frances Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Brin" title="Sergey Brin">Sergey Brin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Martin_Chavez" title="R. Martin Chavez">R. Martin Chavez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Doerr" title="John Doerr">John Doerr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_L._Hennessy" title="John L. Hennessy">John L. Hennessy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Mather" title="Ann Mather">Ann Mather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Page" title="Larry Page">Larry Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundar_Pichai" title="Sundar Pichai">Sundar Pichai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Shriram" title="Ram Shriram">Ram Shriram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_W._Ferguson_Jr." title="Roger W. Ferguson Jr.">Roger W. Ferguson Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Greene" title="Diane Greene">Diane Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Mulally" title="Alan Mulally">Alan Mulally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Schmidt" title="Eric Schmidt">Eric Schmidt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Conrad" title="Andrew Conrad">Andrew Conrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Fadell" title="Tony Fadell">Tony Fadell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_D._Levinson" title="Arthur D. Levinson">Arthur D. Levinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Krane" title="David Krane">David Krane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astro_Teller" title="Astro Teller">Astro Teller</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Alphabet_Inc." title="Category:Alphabet Inc.">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/28px-Industry5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/42px-Industry5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/56px-Industry5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Companies" title="Portal:Companies">Companies portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/28px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/42px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/56px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="407" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Internet" title="Portal:Internet">Internet portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Online_video_and_sharing_platforms" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Video_digital_distribution_platforms" title="Template:Video digital distribution platforms"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Video_digital_distribution_platforms" title="Template talk:Video digital distribution platforms"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Video_digital_distribution_platforms" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Video digital distribution platforms"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Online_video_and_sharing_platforms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Online_video_platform" title="Online video platform">Online video</a> and sharing platforms</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_library" title="Digital library">Digital library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">Streaming media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_on_demand" title="Video on demand">Video on demand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Free</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/56.com" title="56.com">56.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Freevee" title="Amazon Freevee">Amazon Freevee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aparat" title="Aparat">Aparat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_TV_app" title="Apple TV app">Apple TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AcFun" title="AcFun">AcFun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AfreecaTV" class="mw-redirect" title="AfreecaTV">AfreecaTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilibili" title="Bilibili">Bilibili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BitChute" title="BitChute">BitChute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bongo_BD" title="Bongo BD">Bongo BD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brightcove" title="Brightcove">Brightcove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buzznet" title="Buzznet">Buzznet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorki" title="Chorki">Chorki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHZZK" title="CHZZK">CHZZK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dailymotion" title="Dailymotion">Dailymotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daum_(web_portal)" title="Daum (web portal)">Daum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endeavor_Streaming" title="Endeavor Streaming">Endeavor Streaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Film_Detective" title="The Film Detective">The Film Detective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FilmOn" title="FilmOn">FilmOn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flickr" title="Flickr">Flickr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fotki" title="Fotki">Fotki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Inc.#History" title="Adobe Inc.">Frame.io</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funny_or_Die" title="Funny or Die">Funny or Die</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funshion" title="Funshion">Funshion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOG.com" title="GOG.com">GOG.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoopla_(digital_media_service)" title="Hoopla (digital media service)">hoopla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_Japan#Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! Japan">GyaO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IQIYI" title="IQIYI">iQIYI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanopy" title="Kanopy">Kanopy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le.com" title="Le.com">Le</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mango_TV" title="Mango TV">Mango TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medici.tv" title="Medici.tv">Medici.tv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MeWATCH" class="mw-redirect" title="MeWATCH">meWATCH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niconico" title="Niconico">Niconico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noggin_(brand)" title="Noggin (brand)">Noggin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OverDrive,_Inc." title="OverDrive, Inc.">OverDrive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LBRY" title="LBRY">LBRY</a>/Odysee</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PeerTube" title="PeerTube">PeerTube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PictureBox_Films" title="PictureBox Films">PictureBox Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluto_TV" title="Pluto TV">Pluto TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumble_(company)" title="Rumble (company)">Rumble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutube" title="Rutube">Rutube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SchoolTube" title="SchoolTube">SchoolTube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Showroom_(streaming_service)" title="Showroom (streaming service)">Showroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sohu" title="Sohu">Sohu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TeacherTube" title="TeacherTube">TeacherTube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teaching_Channel" title="Teaching Channel">Teaching Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telly_Inc." title="Telly Inc.">Telly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ThePlatform" title="ThePlatform">thePlatform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tudou" title="Tudou">Tudou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitch_(service)" title="Twitch (service)">Twitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VBOX7" title="VBOX7">VBOX7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vimeo" title="Vimeo">Vimeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vudu" class="mw-redirect" title="Vudu">Vudu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tencent_Video" title="Tencent Video">WeTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xigua_Video" title="Xigua Video">Xigua Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xunlei" title="Xunlei">Xunlei Kankan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youku" title="Youku">Youku</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">YouTube</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Kids" title="YouTube Kids">Kids</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zattoo" title="Zattoo">Zattoo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rental and purchase</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aha_(streaming_service)" title="Aha (streaming service)">Aha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Prime_Video" title="Amazon Prime Video">Amazon Prime Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fandango_Media" title="Fandango Media">Fandango</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fandango_at_Home" title="Fandango at Home">Fandango at Home</a></li></ul></li> <li>Google <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_TV_(service)" title="Google TV (service)">Google TV</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">YouTube Movies & TV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITunes_Store" title="ITunes Store">iTunes Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Movies_%26_TV" title="Microsoft Movies & TV">Microsoft Movies & TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movies_Anywhere" title="Movies Anywhere">Movies Anywhere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_eShop" title="Nintendo eShop">Nintendo eShop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakuten_TV" title="Rakuten TV">Rakuten TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMC%2B" title="AMC+">AMC+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bongo_BD" title="Bongo BD">Bongo BD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorki" title="Chorki">Chorki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crunchyroll" title="Crunchyroll">Crunchyroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulu" title="Hulu">Hulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount%2B" title="Paramount+">Paramount+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disney%2B" title="Disney+">Disney+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_TV%2B" title="Apple TV+">Apple TV+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peacock_(streaming_service)" title="Peacock (streaming service)">Peacock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluto_TV" title="Pluto TV">Pluto TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubi" title="Tubi">Tubi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidive" title="Hidive">Hidive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_(streaming_service)" title="Max (streaming service)">Max</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starz" title="Starz">Starz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESPN%2B" title="ESPN+">ESPN+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Showtime_(TV_network)" title="Showtime (TV network)">Showtime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curiosity_Stream" title="Curiosity Stream">Curiosity Stream</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adober_Studios" title="Adober Studios">Chicken Pork Adobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azubu" title="Azubu">Azubu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Store" title="BBC Store">BBC Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blip.tv" title="Blip.tv">Blip.tv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Break.com" title="Break.com">Break.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CinemaNow" title="CinemaNow">CinemaNow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daisuki_(website)" title="Daisuki (website)">Daisuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disney_Movies_Anywhere" class="mw-redirect" title="Disney Movies Anywhere">Disney Movies Anywhere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fearnet" title="Fearnet">Fearnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FilmStruck" title="FilmStruck">FilmStruck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flixster" title="Flixster">Flixster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funimation" title="Funimation">Funimation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Wrestling_Network" title="Global Wrestling Network">Global Wrestling Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Video" title="Google Video">Google Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitbox_(service)" title="Hitbox (service)">Hitbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imeem" title="Imeem">imeem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMesh" title="IMesh">iMesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_AppUp" title="Intel AppUp">Intel AppUp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In2TV" title="In2TV">In2TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joost" title="Joost">Joost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin.tv" title="Justin.tv">Justin.tv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazaa" title="Kazaa">Kazaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LiveLeak" title="LiveLeak">LiveLeak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LoveFilm" title="LoveFilm">LoveFilm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megaupload" title="Megaupload">Megaupload</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixer_(service)" title="Mixer (service)">Mixer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MUZU.TV" title="MUZU.TV">MUZU.TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metacafe" title="Metacafe">Metacafe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MyVideo" title="MyVideo">MyVideo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wii_Menu#Nintendo_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Wii Menu">Nintendo Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Video" title="Nintendo Video">Nintendo Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovi_(Nokia)" title="Ovi (Nokia)">Nokia Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Openfilm" title="Openfilm">Openfilm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Openload" title="Openload">Openload</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandora_TV" title="Pandora TV">Pandora TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Video" title="PlayStation Video">PlayStation Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7plus" title="7plus">PLUS7</a></li> <li><a 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<li><a href="/wiki/Vine_(service)" title="Vine (service)">Vine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vongo_(video_on_demand_service)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vongo (video on demand service)">Vongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Archive_Collection" title="Warner Archive Collection">Warner Archive Instant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WeShow" title="WeShow">WeShow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Center" title="Windows Media Center">Windows Media Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WWE_Classics_on_Demand" title="WWE Classics on Demand">WWE Classics on Demand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Video_game_live_streaming_services" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Video_game_live_streaming" class="mw-redirect" title="Video game live streaming">Video game live streaming</a> services</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AfreecaTV" class="mw-redirect" title="AfreecaTV">AfreecaTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilibili" title="Bilibili">Bilibili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHZZK" title="CHZZK">CHZZK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DLive" title="DLive">DLive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DouYu" title="DouYu">DouYu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Gaming" title="Facebook Gaming">Facebook Gaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huya_Live" title="Huya Live">Huya Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kick_(service)" title="Kick (service)">Kick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steam_(service)" title="Steam (service)">Steam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trovo_Live" title="Trovo Live">Trovo Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitch_(service)" title="Twitch (service)">Twitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Gaming" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube Gaming">YouTube Gaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YY.com" title="YY.com">YY.com</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azubu" title="Azubu">Azubu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caffeine_(service)" title="Caffeine (service)">Caffeine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitbox_(service)" title="Hitbox (service)">Hitbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixer_(service)" title="Mixer (service)">Mixer</a></li> 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