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> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=BBC" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=BBC" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_birth_of_British_broadcasting,_1920_to_1922" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_birth_of_British_broadcasting,_1920_to_1922"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>The birth of British broadcasting, 1920 to 1922</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_birth_of_British_broadcasting,_1920_to_1922-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-From_private_company_towards_public_service_corporation,_1923_to_1926" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#From_private_company_towards_public_service_corporation,_1923_to_1926"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>From private company towards public service corporation, 1923 to 1926</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-From_private_company_towards_public_service_corporation,_1923_to_1926-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1927_to_1939" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1927_to_1939"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>1927 to 1939</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1927_to_1939-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-BBC_versus_other_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#BBC_versus_other_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>BBC versus other media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-BBC_versus_other_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_World_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_World_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Second World War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_World_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Later 20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000_to_2011" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000_to_2011"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>2000 to 2011</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000_to_2011-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2011_to_present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2011_to_present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>2011 to present</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2011_to_present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Governance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Governance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Governance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Charter_and_Agreement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Charter_and_Agreement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Charter and Agreement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Charter_and_Agreement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-BBC_Board" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#BBC_Board"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>BBC Board</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-BBC_Board-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Executive_committee" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executive_committee"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Executive committee</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executive_committee-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operational_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operational_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Operational divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operational_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commercial_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commercial_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Commercial divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commercial_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-MI5_vetting_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#MI5_vetting_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>MI5 vetting policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-MI5_vetting_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Finances</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Finances-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Finances subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Finances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Revenue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revenue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Revenue</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revenue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Assets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Assets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Information_technology_service_management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Information_technology_service_management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Information technology service management</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Information_technology_service_management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Services</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Services-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Services subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-BBC_Genome_Project" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#BBC_Genome_Project"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>BBC Genome Project</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-BBC_Genome_Project-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Radio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-News" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#News"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>News</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-News-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Internet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interactive_television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interactive_television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Interactive television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interactive_television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ceefax" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ceefax"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>Ceefax</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ceefax-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-BritBox" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#BritBox"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.10</span> <span>BritBox</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-BritBox-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commercial_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commercial_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Commercial activities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commercial_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Cultural significance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cultural_significance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Cultural significance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cultural_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Colloquial_terms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colloquial_terms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Colloquial terms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colloquial_terms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Logo_and_symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Logo_and_symbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Logo and symbols</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Logo_and_symbols-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Logo and symbols subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Logo_and_symbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Logos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Logos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Logos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Logos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coat_of_arms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coat_of_arms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Coat of arms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coat_of_arms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Controversies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Controversies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Claims_of_liberal_and_left-wing_bias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Claims_of_liberal_and_left-wing_bias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Claims of liberal and left-wing bias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Claims_of_liberal_and_left-wing_bias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Claims_of_right-wing_bias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Claims_of_right-wing_bias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Claims of right-wing bias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Claims_of_right-wing_bias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Claims_of_anti-Iranian_bias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Claims_of_anti-Iranian_bias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Claims of anti-Iranian bias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Claims_of_anti-Iranian_bias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Labelling_of_shooters_in_Mumbai_attacks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Labelling_of_shooters_in_Mumbai_attacks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Labelling of shooters in Mumbai attacks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Labelling_of_shooters_in_Mumbai_attacks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Participation_by_presenter_in_opposition_movement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Participation_by_presenter_in_opposition_movement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Participation by presenter in opposition movement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Participation_by_presenter_in_opposition_movement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coverage_of_China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coverage_of_China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.6</span> <span>Coverage of China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coverage_of_China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tax_liabilities_in_India_and_coverage_of_India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tax_liabilities_in_India_and_coverage_of_India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.7</span> <span>Tax liabilities in India and coverage of India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tax_liabilities_in_India_and_coverage_of_India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Primary_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Primary sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">BBC</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 121 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-121" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">121 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A2.%E1%89%A2.%E1%88%B2." title="ቢ.ቢ.ሲ. – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቢ.ቢ.ሲ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="بي بي سي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بي بي سي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="بی‌بی‌سی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بی‌بی‌سی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF" title="বিবিসি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বিবিসি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8-%D0%B1%D0%B8-%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Би-би-си – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Би-би-си" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80" title="बीबीसी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="बीबीसी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B8" title="Би Би Си – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Би Би Си" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8-%D0%B1%D0%B8-%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Би-би-си – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Би-би-си" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="British Broadcasting Corporation – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="British Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="بی‌بی‌سی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بی‌بی‌سی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="British Broadcasting Corporation – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="British Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="British Broadcasting Corporation – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="British Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%80" title="બીબીસી – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="બીબીસી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%81%EA%B5%AD%EB%B0%A9%EC%86%A1%EA%B3%B5%EC%82%AC" title="영국방송공사 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="영국방송공사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80" title="बीबीसी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बीबीसी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF" title="ಬಿಬಿಸಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬಿಬಿಸಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="بی بی سی – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="بی بی سی" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8-%D0%91%D0%B8-%D0%A1%D0%B8" title="Би-Би-Си – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Би-Би-Си" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8-%D0%91%D0%B8-%D0%A1%D0%B8" title="Би-Би-Си – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Би-Би-Си" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%9C%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94" title="ບັນສັດແຜ່ພາບກະຈາຍສຽງອັງກິດ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ບັນສັດແຜ່ພາບກະຈາຍສຽງອັງກິດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/bybycys" title="bybycys – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="bybycys" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80" title="बिबिसी – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="बिबिसी" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8-%D0%B1%D0%B8-%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Би-би-си – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Би-би-си" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF.%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF.%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF." title="ബി.ബി.സി. – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബി.ബി.സി." data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80" title="बीबीसी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बीबीसी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%89_%D8%A8%D9%89_%D8%B3%D9%89" title="بى بى سى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بى بى سى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="بی‌بی‌سی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="بی‌بی‌سی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perbadanan_Penyiaran_British" title="Perbadanan Penyiaran British – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perbadanan Penyiaran British" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4" title="ꯕꯤꯕꯤꯁꯤ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯕꯤꯕꯤꯁꯤ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%AE%E1%80%98%E1%80%AE%E1%80%85%E1%80%AE" title="ဘီဘီစီ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဘီဘီစီ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="British Broadcasting Corporation – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="British Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80" title="बिबिसी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बिबिसी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BE%E9%80%81%E5%8D%94%E4%BC%9A" title="英国放送協会 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="英国放送協会" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80.%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80.%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80" title="ਬੀ.ਬੀ.ਸੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬੀ.ਬੀ.ਸੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C.%D8%A8%DB%8C.%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="بی.بی.سی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بی.بی.سی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="بي بي سي – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بي بي سي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%8C%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F" title="សារជីវកម្មផ្សព្វផ្សាយព័ត៌មានអង់គ្លេស – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="សារជីវកម្មផ្សព្វផ្សាយព័ត៌មានអង់គ្លេស" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="British Broadcasting Corporation – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="British Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8-%D0%B1%D0%B8-%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Би-би-си – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Би-би-си" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="بی بی سی – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="بی بی سی" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%93%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%93" title="බීබීසී – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බීබීසී" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="بي بي سي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="بي بي سي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="British Broadcasting Corporation – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="British Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="بی بی سی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بی بی سی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF" title="பிபிசி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிபிசி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi_Bi_Si" title="Bi Bi Si – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Bi Bi Si" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5" title="บีบีซี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บีบีซี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8-%D0%B1%D0%B8-%D1%81%D3%A3" title="Би-би-сӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Би-би-сӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%81" title="برطانوی نشریاتی ادارہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="برطانوی نشریاتی ادارہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%89%D8%B1%D9%89%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%89%D8%AA%D9%89%D8%B4_%D8%B4%D9%89%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%89%D8%AA%D9%89(%D8%A8_%D8%A8_%D8%B3)" title="بىرىتانىيە تارقىتىش شىركىتى(ب ب س) – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="بىرىتانىيە تارقىتىش شىركىتى(ب ب س)" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="BBC" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E5%B9%BF%E6%92%AD%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="英国广播公司 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="英国广播公司" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99_%D7%91%D7%99_%D7%A1%D7%99" title="בי בי סי – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="בי בי סי" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E5%BB%A3%E6%92%AD%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="英國廣播公司 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="英國廣播公司" 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lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="英国广播公司" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%89_%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%89_%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%89" title="ⴱⵉ ⴱⵉ ⵙⵉ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴱⵉ ⴱⵉ ⵙⵉ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9531#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British public service broadcaster</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the public service broadcaster. For its forerunner/predecessor, see <a href="/wiki/British_Broadcasting_Company" title="British Broadcasting Company">British Broadcasting Company</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/BBC_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="BBC (disambiguation)">BBC (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"The Beeb" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Beeb_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Beeb (disambiguation)">Beeb</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">British Broadcasting Corporation</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:BBC_Logo_2021.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/BBC_Logo_2021.svg/200px-BBC_Logo_2021.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/BBC_Logo_2021.svg/300px-BBC_Logo_2021.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/BBC_Logo_2021.svg/400px-BBC_Logo_2021.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="160" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Logo used since 2021</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Statutory_corporation" title="Statutory corporation">Statutory corporation</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Royal_charter" title="Royal charter">royal charter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Public_broadcasting" title="Public broadcasting">public broadcasting</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Mass_media" title="Mass media">Mass media</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/British_Broadcasting_Company" title="British Broadcasting Company">British Broadcasting Company</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">18 October 1922<span class="noprint">; 102 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1922-10-18</span>)</span> (as British Broadcasting Company)<br />1 January 1927<span class="noprint">; 97 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1927-01-01</span>)</span> (as British Broadcasting Corporation)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">Government of the United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House" title="Broadcasting House">Broadcasting House</a><br /><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samir_Shah" title="Samir Shah">Samir Shah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chair_of_the_BBC" title="Chair of the BBC">Chair</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Davie" title="Tim Davie">Tim Davie</a> (<a href="/wiki/Director-General_of_the_BBC" title="Director-General of the BBC">Director-General</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Broadcasting</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_portal" title="Web portal">Web portals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Services</th><td class="infobox-data category"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Television" title="BBC Television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio" title="BBC Radio">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Online" title="BBC Online">Online</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">£</a>5.389 billion (2024)<sup id="cite_ref-2023-24-accounts_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2023-24-accounts-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> £199 million (2024)<sup id="cite_ref-2023-24-accounts_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2023-24-accounts-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> £229 million (2024)<sup id="cite_ref-2023-24-accounts_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2023-24-accounts-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> £1.976 billion (2024)<sup id="cite_ref-2023-24-accounts_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2023-24-accounts-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 21,918 (2024)<sup id="cite_ref-2023-24-accounts_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2023-24-accounts-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Division_(business)" title="Division (business)">Divisions</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Television" title="BBC Television">BBC Television</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Sport" title="BBC Sport">BBC Sport</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio" title="BBC Radio">BBC Radio</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Online" title="BBC Online">BBC Online</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Sounds" title="BBC Sounds">BBC Sounds</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Weather" title="BBC Weather">BBC Weather</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Music" title="BBC Music">BBC Music</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_English_Regions" title="BBC English Regions">BBC English Regions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Scotland" title="BBC Scotland">BBC Scotland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Cymru_Wales" title="BBC Cymru Wales">BBC Cymru Wales</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Northern_Ireland" title="BBC Northern Ireland">BBC Northern Ireland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_North" title="BBC North">BBC North</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Bitesize" title="BBC Bitesize">BBC Bitesize</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Studios" title="BBC Studios">BBC Studios</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bbc.com">bbc<wbr />.com</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9531#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist" style="width:16.0em"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">BBC</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BBC_Logo_2021.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/BBC_Logo_2021.svg/100px-BBC_Logo_2021.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/BBC_Logo_2021.svg/150px-BBC_Logo_2021.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/BBC_Logo_2021.svg/200px-BBC_Logo_2021.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">UK-wide</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Television" title="BBC Television">Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_BBC_television_channels_and_radio_stations" title="List of BBC television channels and radio stations">stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_programmes_broadcast_by_the_BBC" title="List of television programmes broadcast by the BBC">programmes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio" title="BBC Radio">Radio</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_BBC_radio_stations" title="List of BBC radio stations">stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Local_Radio" title="BBC Local Radio">local</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Online" title="BBC Online">BBC Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Red_Button" title="BBC Red Button">BBC Red Button</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceefax" title="Ceefax">Ceefax</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_iPlayer" title="BBC iPlayer">iPlayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Sounds" title="BBC Sounds">BBC Sounds</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Management</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_BBC" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman of the BBC">Chairman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samir_Shah" title="Samir Shah">Samir Shah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Director-General_of_the_BBC" title="Director-General of the BBC">Director-General</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Davie" title="Tim Davie">Tim Davie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Board" title="BBC Board">BBC Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Charter" title="BBC Charter">BBC Charter</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Departments</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Academy" title="BBC Academy">BBC Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Archives" title="BBC Archives">Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Film" title="BBC Film">BBC Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_World_Service" title="BBC World Service">BBC World Service</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_BBC_World_Service" title="Timeline of the BBC World Service">Timeline</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Television" title="BBC Television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Design_%26_Engineering" title="BBC Design & Engineering">Design & Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Monitoring" title="BBC Monitoring">Monitoring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio" title="BBC Radio">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Sport" title="BBC Sport">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Weather" title="BBC Weather">Weather</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Nations and regions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Cymru_Wales" title="BBC Cymru Wales">BBC Cymru Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Scotland" title="BBC Scotland">BBC Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Northern_Ireland" title="BBC Northern Ireland">BBC Northern Ireland</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_English_Regions" title="BBC English Regions">BBC English Regions</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Birmingham" title="BBC Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_%26_Music_Production_Bristol" title="BBC Radio & Music Production Bristol">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_East" title="BBC East">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_East_Midlands" title="BBC East Midlands">East Midlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_London" title="BBC London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Manchester" title="BBC Manchester">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_North_East_and_Cumbria" title="BBC North East and Cumbria">North East & Cumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_North_West" title="BBC North West">North West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_South" title="BBC South">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_South_East" title="BBC South East">South East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_South_West" title="BBC South West">South West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_West" title="BBC West">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_West_Midlands" title="BBC West Midlands">West Midlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Yorkshire" title="BBC Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Yorkshire_and_Lincolnshire" title="BBC Yorkshire and Lincolnshire">Yorkshire & Lincolnshire</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Commercial subsidiaries</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Studios" title="BBC Studios">BBC Studios</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Studios_Productions" title="BBC Studios Productions">BBC Studios Productions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Studioworks" title="BBC Studioworks">BBC Studioworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Worldwide" title="BBC Worldwide">BBC Worldwide</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_BBC" title="Timeline of the BBC">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Archives" title="BBC Archives">Archives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Sound_Archive" title="BBC Sound Archive">Sound Archive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Trust" title="BBC Trust">BBC Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Governors_of_the_BBC" title="Board of Governors of the BBC">Board of Governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Broadcasting_Company" title="British Broadcasting Company">British Broadcasting Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_BBC" title="Coat of arms of the BBC">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_controversies" title="BBC controversies">Controversies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_BBC" title="Criticism of the BBC">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_day_of_BBC_television" title="First day of BBC television">First day of TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logo_of_the_BBC" title="Logo of the BBC">Logo</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Radio_Times" title="Radio Times">Radio Times</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Genome_Project" title="BBC Genome Project">Genome</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_BBC" title="Timeline of the BBC">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_and_chronology_of_BBC_high-definition_television_services&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timeline and chronology of BBC high-definition television services (page does not exist)">HD timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_BBC_properties" title="List of BBC properties">Key properties</a> in London</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House" title="Broadcasting House">Broadcasting House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lime_Grove_Studios#BBC_studios" title="Lime Grove Studios">Lime Grove</a> (former)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maida_Vale_Studios" title="Maida Vale Studios">Maida Vale Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_Centre,_London" title="Television Centre, London">Television Centre</a> (former)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_City_Place" title="White City Place">White City & Media Village</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Birmingham</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Drama_Village" title="BBC Drama Village">Drama Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mailbox_Birmingham" title="Mailbox Birmingham">Mailbox Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pebble_Mill_Studios" title="Pebble Mill Studios">Pebble Mill Studios</a> (former)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Cardiff</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Cymru_Wales_New_Broadcasting_House" title="BBC Cymru Wales New Broadcasting House">New Broadcasting House, Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House,_Cardiff" title="Broadcasting House, Cardiff">Broadcasting House</a> (former)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roath_Lock" title="Roath Lock">Drama Village (Roath Lock)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_Millennium_Centre#Phase_2_(C_Bay)_–_BBC_Hoddinott_Hall" title="Wales Millennium Centre">BBC Hoddinott Hall</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Other locations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House,_Belfast" title="Broadcasting House, Belfast">Broadcasting House, Belfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House,_Bristol" title="Broadcasting House, Bristol">Broadcasting House, Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Elstree_Centre" title="BBC Elstree Centre">BBC Elstree Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MediaCityUK" title="MediaCityUK">MediaCityUK, Salford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Pacific_Quay" title="BBC Pacific Quay">Pacific Quay, Glasgow</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:BBC_sidebar" title="Template:BBC sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:BBC_sidebar" title="Template talk:BBC sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BBC_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:BBC sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>British Broadcasting Corporation</b> (<b>BBC</b>) is a British <a href="/wiki/Public_broadcasting" title="Public broadcasting">public service broadcaster</a> headquartered at <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House" title="Broadcasting House">Broadcasting House</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England. Originally established in 1922 as the <a href="/wiki/British_Broadcasting_Company" title="British Broadcasting Company">British Broadcasting Company</a>, it evolved into its current state with its current name on New Year's Day 1927. The oldest and largest local and global broadcaster by stature and by number of employees, the BBC employs over 21,000 staff in total, of whom approximately 17,200 are in public-sector broadcasting.<sup id="cite_ref-2023-24-accounts_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2023-24-accounts-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-historicalbroadcaster_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historicalbroadcaster-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MediaNewsline_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MediaNewsline-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ProspectMag_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ProspectMag-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AboutBBC_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AboutBBC-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The BBC was established under a <a href="/wiki/Royal_charter#United_Kingdom" title="Royal charter">royal charter</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-crown_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crown-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and operates under an agreement with the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Culture,_Media_and_Sport" title="Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport">Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its work is funded principally by an annual <a href="/wiki/Television_licensing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Television licensing in the United Kingdom">television licence fee</a><sup id="cite_ref-TrustAR_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TrustAR-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is charged to all British households, companies, and organisations using any type of equipment to receive or record live television broadcasts or to use the BBC's streaming service, <a href="/wiki/BBC_iPlayer" title="BBC iPlayer">iPlayer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TVLic_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TVLic-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fee is set by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">British Government</a>, agreed by <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-TVLic2_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TVLic2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is used to fund the BBC's radio, TV, and online services covering the nations and regions of the UK. Since 1 April 2014, it has also funded the <a href="/wiki/BBC_World_Service" title="BBC World Service">BBC World Service</a> (launched in 1932 as the BBC Empire Service), which broadcasts in 28 languages and provides comprehensive TV, radio, and online services in <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>. </p><p>Some of the BBC's revenue comes from its commercial subsidiary <a href="/wiki/BBC_Studios" title="BBC Studios">BBC Studios</a> (formerly <a href="/wiki/BBC_Worldwide" title="BBC Worldwide">BBC Worldwide</a>), which sells BBC programmes and services internationally and also distributes the BBC's international 24-hour English-language news services <a href="/wiki/BBC_News_(international_TV_channel)" title="BBC News (international TV channel)">BBC News</a>, and from BBC.com, provided by BBC Global News <a href="/wiki/Private_company_limited_by_shares" title="Private company limited by shares">Ltd.</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, the company was awarded the <a href="/wiki/The_King%27s_Awards_for_Enterprise" title="The King's Awards for Enterprise">Queen's Award for Enterprise</a> in recognition of its international achievements in business.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since its formation in 1922, the BBC has played a prominent role in British life and culture.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is sometimes informally referred to as <b>the Beeb</b> or <b>Auntie</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jackson_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jackson-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1923 it launched <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_Times" title="Radio Times">Radio Times</a></i> (subtitled "The official organ of the BBC"), the first broadcast listings magazine; the 1988 Christmas edition sold 11 million copies, the biggest-selling edition of any British magazine in history.<sup id="cite_ref-RadioTimes_Oldest_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RadioTimes_Oldest-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_BBC" title="Timeline of the BBC">Timeline of the BBC</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_birth_of_British_broadcasting,_1920_to_1922"><span id="The_birth_of_British_broadcasting.2C_1920_to_1922"></span>The birth of British broadcasting, 1920 to 1922</h3></div> <p>Britain's first live public broadcast was made from the factory of <a href="/wiki/Marconi_Company" title="Marconi Company">Marconi Company</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chelmsford" title="Chelmsford">Chelmsford</a> in June 1920. It was sponsored by the <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Mail" title="Daily Mail">Daily Mail</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Harmsworth,_1st_Viscount_Northcliffe" title="Alfred Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe">Alfred Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe</a> and featured the famous Australian soprano <a href="/wiki/Nellie_Melba" title="Nellie Melba">Dame Nellie Melba</a>. The Melba broadcast caught the people's imagination and marked a turning point in the British public's attitude to radio.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBriggs1985_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBriggs1985-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 47">: 47 </span></sup> However, this public enthusiasm was not shared in official circles where such broadcasts were held to interfere with important military and civil communications. By late 1920, the pressure from these quarters and uneasiness among the staff of the licensing authority, the <a href="/wiki/General_Post_Office" title="General Post Office">General Post Office</a> (GPO), was sufficient to lead to a ban on further Chelmsford broadcasts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBriggs1985_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBriggs1985-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 50">: 50 </span></sup> </p><p>But by 1922, the GPO had received nearly 100 broadcast licence requests<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurranSeaton2018_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurranSeaton2018-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 110">: 110 </span></sup> and moved to rescind its ban in the wake of a petition by 63 wireless societies with over 3,000 members.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBriggs1985_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBriggs1985-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 50–97">: 50–97 </span></sup> Anxious to avoid the same chaotic expansion experienced in the United States, the GPO proposed that it would issue a single broadcasting licence to a company jointly owned by a consortium of leading wireless receiver manufacturers, to be known as the <a href="/wiki/British_Broadcasting_Company" title="British Broadcasting Company">British Broadcasting Company Ltd</a>, which was formed on 18 October 1922.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/John_Reith,_1st_Baron_Reith" title="John Reith, 1st Baron Reith">John Reith</a>, a Scottish <a href="/wiki/Reformed_Christianity" title="Reformed Christianity">Calvinist</a>, was appointed its general manager in December 1922 a few weeks after the company made its first official broadcast.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurranSeaton2018_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurranSeaton2018-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 110">: 110 </span></sup> <a href="/wiki/L._Stanton_Jefferies" title="L. Stanton Jefferies">L. Stanton Jefferies</a> was its first director of music.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company was to be financed by a royalty on the sale of BBC wireless receiving sets from approved domestic manufacturers.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To this day, the BBC aims to follow the Reithian directive to "inform, educate and entertain".<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="From_private_company_towards_public_service_corporation,_1923_to_1926"><span id="From_private_company_towards_public_service_corporation.2C_1923_to_1926"></span>From private company towards public service corporation, 1923 to 1926</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Radio_Times_-_front_cover_-_28_September_1923.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Radio_Times_-_front_cover_-_28_September_1923.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="220" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="220" /></a><figcaption>The first issue of the <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_Times" title="Radio Times">Radio Times</a></i> (28 September 1923)</figcaption></figure> <p>The financial arrangements soon proved inadequate. Set sales were disappointing as amateurs made their own receivers and listeners bought rival unlicensed sets.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBriggs1985_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBriggs1985-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 146">: 146 </span></sup> By mid-1923, discussions between the GPO and the BBC had become deadlocked and the Postmaster General commissioned a review of broadcasting by the Sykes Committee.<sup id="cite_ref-Company_History_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Company_History-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The committee recommended a short-term reorganisation of licence fees with improved enforcement in order to address the BBC's immediate financial distress, and an increased share of the licence revenue split between it and the GPO. This was to be followed by a simple 10 shillings licence fee to fund broadcasts.<sup id="cite_ref-Company_History_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Company_History-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The BBC's broadcasting monopoly was made explicit for the duration of its current broadcast licence, as was the prohibition on advertising. To avoid competition with newspapers, <a href="/wiki/Fleet_Street" title="Fleet Street">Fleet Street</a> persuaded the government to ban news bulletins before 7 pm and the BBC was required to source all news from external wire services.<sup id="cite_ref-Company_History_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Company_History-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_Times" title="Radio Times">Radio Times</a></i>, the world's first and longest-running radio and television listings magazine, was launched by Reith in September 1923.<sup id="cite_ref-RadioTimes_Oldest_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RadioTimes_Oldest-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first edition, subtitled "The official organ of the BBC", was priced at tuppence (two <a href="/wiki/Penny_(British_pre-decimal_coin)" title="Penny (British pre-decimal coin)">pence</a>) on newsstands, and quickly sold out its run of a quarter of a million copies.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mid-1925 found the future of broadcasting under further consideration, this time by the Crawford committee. By now, the BBC, under Reith's leadership, had forged a consensus favouring a continuation of the unified (monopoly) broadcasting service, but more money was still required to finance rapid expansion. Wireless manufacturers were anxious to exit the loss-making consortium, and Reith was keen that the BBC be seen as a public service rather than a commercial enterprise. The recommendations of the Crawford Committee were published in March the following year and were still under consideration by the GPO when the <a href="/wiki/1926_United_Kingdom_general_strike" title="1926 United Kingdom general strike">1926 United Kingdom general strike</a> broke out in May. The strike temporarily interrupted newspaper production, and with restrictions on news bulletins waived, the BBC suddenly became the primary source of news for the duration of the crisis.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurranSeaton2018_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurranSeaton2018-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 117">: 117 </span></sup> </p><p>The crisis placed the BBC in a delicate position. On the one hand Reith was acutely aware that the government might exercise its right to commandeer the BBC at any time as a mouthpiece of the government if the BBC were to step out of line, but on the other he was anxious to maintain public trust by appearing to be acting independently. The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">government</a> was divided on how to handle the BBC, but ended up trusting Reith, whose opposition to the strike mirrored the PM's own. Although <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> in particular wanted to commandeer the BBC to use it "to the best possible advantage", Reith wrote that <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Stanley Baldwin</a>'s government wanted to be able to say "that they did not commandeer [the BBC], but they know that they can trust us not to be really impartial".<sup id="cite_ref-guardian180814_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian180814-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus the BBC was granted sufficient leeway to pursue the government's objectives largely in a manner of its own choosing. Supporters of the strike nicknamed the BBC the BFC for British Falsehood Company. Reith personally announced the end of the strike which he marked by reciting from Blake's "<a href="/wiki/And_did_those_feet_in_ancient_time" title="And did those feet in ancient time">Jerusalem</a>" signifying that England had been saved.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the BBC tends to characterise its coverage of the general strike by emphasising the positive impression created by its balanced coverage of the views of government and strikers, Seaton has characterised the episode as the invention of "modern propaganda in its British form".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurranSeaton2018_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurranSeaton2018-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 117">: 117 </span></sup> Reith argued that trust gained by 'authentic impartial news' could then be used. Impartial news was not necessarily an end in itself.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurranSeaton2018_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurranSeaton2018-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 118">: 118 </span></sup> </p><p>The BBC did well out of the crisis, which cemented a national audience for its broadcasting, and it was followed by the Government's acceptance of the recommendation made by the Crawford Committee (1925–26) that the British Broadcasting Company be replaced by a non-commercial, Crown-chartered organisation: the British Broadcasting Corporation.<sup id="cite_ref-Company_History_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Company_History-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1927_to_1939">1927 to 1939</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Radio_Times_1931_(masthead).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Radio_Times_1931_%28masthead%29.jpg/220px-Radio_Times_1931_%28masthead%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Radio_Times_1931_%28masthead%29.jpg/330px-Radio_Times_1931_%28masthead%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Radio_Times_1931_%28masthead%29.jpg/440px-Radio_Times_1931_%28masthead%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="976" data-file-height="328" /></a><figcaption>The <i>Radio Times</i> masthead from 25 December 1931, including the BBC motto "Nation shall speak peace unto Nation"</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Logie_Baird_in_1917.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/John_Logie_Baird_in_1917.jpg/170px-John_Logie_Baird_in_1917.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/John_Logie_Baird_in_1917.jpg/255px-John_Logie_Baird_in_1917.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/John_Logie_Baird_in_1917.jpg/340px-John_Logie_Baird_in_1917.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3918" data-file-height="5397" /></a><figcaption>Television pioneer <a href="/wiki/John_Logie_Baird" title="John Logie Baird">John Logie Baird</a> (seen here in 1917) televised the BBC's first drama, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Man_with_the_Flower_in_His_Mouth" title="The Man with the Flower in His Mouth">The Man with the Flower in His Mouth</a></i>, on 14 July 1930, and the first live outside broadcast, <a href="/wiki/Epsom_Derby" title="Epsom Derby">The Derby</a>, on 2 June 1931.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The British Broadcasting Corporation came into existence on 1 January 1927, and Reith – newly knighted – was appointed its first director general. To represent its purpose and (stated) values, the new corporation adopted the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_BBC" title="Coat of arms of the BBC">coat of arms</a>, including the motto "Nation shall speak peace unto Nation".<sup id="cite_ref-Motto_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Motto-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>British radio audiences had little choice apart from the upscale programming of the BBC. Reith, an intensely moralistic executive, was in full charge. His goal was to broadcast "All that is best in every department of human knowledge, endeavour and achievement.... The preservation of a high moral tone is obviously of paramount importance."<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reith succeeded in building a high wall against an American-style free-for-all in radio in which the goal was to attract the largest audiences and thereby secure the greatest advertising revenue. There was no paid advertising on the BBC; all the revenue came from a tax on receiving sets. Highbrow audiences, however, greatly enjoyed it.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At a time when American, Australian and Canadian stations were drawing huge audiences cheering for their local teams with the broadcast of baseball, rugby and hockey, the BBC emphasised service for a national rather than a regional audience. Boat races were well covered along with tennis and horse racing, but the BBC was reluctant to spend its severely limited air time on long football or <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a> games, regardless of their popularity.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BBC_Birmingham_1928.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/BBC_Birmingham_1928.png/220px-BBC_Birmingham_1928.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/BBC_Birmingham_1928.png/330px-BBC_Birmingham_1928.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/BBC_Birmingham_1928.png/440px-BBC_Birmingham_1928.png 2x" data-file-width="703" data-file-height="355" /></a><figcaption>The BBC's radio studio in Birmingham, from the <i>BBC Hand Book</i> 1928, which described it as "Europe's largest studio"</figcaption></figure> <p>John Reith and the BBC, with support from <a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">the Crown</a>, determined the universal needs of the people of Britain and broadcast content according to these perceived standards.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reith effectively censored anything that he felt would be harmful, directly or indirectly.<sup id="cite_ref-Avery-2006_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Avery-2006-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While recounting his time with the BBC in 1935, <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Postgate" title="Raymond Postgate">Raymond Postgate</a> claims that BBC broadcasters were made to submit a draft of their potential broadcast for approval. It was expected that they tailored their content to accommodate the modest, church-going elderly or a member of the <a href="/wiki/Clergy" title="Clergy">Clergy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until 1928, entertainers broadcasting on the BBC, both singers and "talkers" were expected to avoid biblical quotations, Clerical impersonations and references, references to drink or <a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States" title="Prohibition in the United States">Prohibition in the United States</a>, vulgar and doubtful matter and political allusions.<sup id="cite_ref-Avery-2006_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Avery-2006-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The BBC excluded popular foreign music and musicians from its broadcasts, while promoting British alternatives.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 5 March 1928, Stanley Baldwin, the Prime Minister, maintained the censorship of editorial opinions on public policy, but allowed the BBC to address matters of religious, political or industrial controversy.<sup id="cite_ref-Scanell-1991_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scanell-1991-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The resulting political "talk series", designed to inform England on political issues, were criticised by members of parliament, including Winston Churchill, <a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">David Lloyd George</a> and <a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">Sir Austen Chamberlain</a>. Those who opposed these chats claimed that they silence the opinions of those in Parliament who are not nominated by Party Leaders or Party Whips, thus stifling independent, non-official views.<sup id="cite_ref-Scanell-1991_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scanell-1991-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 1932, the policemen of the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Police_Federation" title="Metropolitan Police Federation">Metropolitan Police Federation</a> marched in protest at a proposed pay cut. Fearing dissent within the police force and public support for the movement, the BBC censored its coverage of the events, only broadcasting official statements from the government.<sup id="cite_ref-Scanell-1991_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scanell-1991-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout the 1930s, political broadcasts had been closely monitored by the BBC.<sup id="cite_ref-West-1987_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-West-1987-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1935, the BBC censored the broadcasts of <a href="/wiki/Oswald_Mosley" title="Oswald Mosley">Oswald Mosley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harry_Pollitt" title="Harry Pollitt">Harry Pollitt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Scanell-1991_41-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scanell-1991-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mosley was a leader of the <a href="/wiki/British_Union_of_Fascists" title="British Union of Fascists">British Union of Fascists</a>, and Pollitt a leader of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Great_Britain" title="Communist Party of Great Britain">Communist Party of Great Britain</a>. They had been contracted to provide a series of five broadcasts on their parties' politics. The BBC, in conjunction with <a href="/wiki/Foreign,_Commonwealth_and_Development_Office" title="Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office">The Foreign Office</a> of Britain, first suspended this series and ultimately cancelled it without the notice of the public.<sup id="cite_ref-West-1987_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-West-1987-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Scanell-1991_41-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scanell-1991-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Less radical politicians faced similar censorship. In 1938, Winston Churchill proposed a series of talks regarding British domestic and foreign politics and affairs but was similarly censored.<sup id="cite_ref-West-1987_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-West-1987-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The censorship of political discourse by the BBC was a precursor to the total shutdown of political debate that manifested over the BBC's wartime airwaves.<sup id="cite_ref-West-1987_42-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-West-1987-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Foreign Office maintained that the public should not be aware of their role in the censorship.<sup id="cite_ref-Scanell-1991_41-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scanell-1991-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1935 to 1939, the BBC also attempted to unite the British Empire's radio waves, sending staff to Egypt, <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Palestine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland</a>, Jamaica, India, Canada and South Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-Potter-2012_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Potter-2012-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reith personally visited South Africa, lobbying for state-run radio programmes which was accepted by <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_South_Africa" title="Parliament of South Africa">South African Parliament</a> in 1936.<sup id="cite_ref-Potter-2012_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Potter-2012-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A similar programme was adopted in Canada. Through collaboration with these state-run broadcasting centres, Reith left a legacy of cultural influence across the empire of Great Britain with his departure from the corporation in 1938.<sup id="cite_ref-Potter-2012_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Potter-2012-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Experimental television broadcasts were started in 1929, using an electromechanical 30-line system developed by <a href="/wiki/John_Logie_Baird" title="John Logie Baird">John Logie Baird</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Limited regular broadcasts using this system began in 1932, and <a href="/wiki/First_day_of_BBC_television" title="First day of BBC television">an expanded service</a> (now named the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Television#History_of_BBC_Television" title="BBC Television">BBC Television Service</a>) started from <a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Palace" title="Alexandra Palace">Alexandra Palace</a> in November 1936, alternating between an improved Baird mechanical 240-line system and the all-electronic <a href="/wiki/405-line_television_system" title="405-line television system">405-line</a> Marconi-EMI system which had been developed by an <a href="/wiki/EMI" title="EMI">EMI</a> research team led by Sir <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Shoenberg" title="Isaac Shoenberg">Isaac Shoenberg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The superiority of the electronic system saw the mechanical system dropped early the following year, with the Marconi-EMI system the first fully electronic television system in the world to be used in regular broadcasting.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="BBC_versus_other_media">BBC versus other media</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_broadcast,_Christmas_1934_(Our_Generation,_1938).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Royal_broadcast%2C_Christmas_1934_%28Our_Generation%2C_1938%29.jpg/220px-Royal_broadcast%2C_Christmas_1934_%28Our_Generation%2C_1938%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Royal_broadcast%2C_Christmas_1934_%28Our_Generation%2C_1938%29.jpg/330px-Royal_broadcast%2C_Christmas_1934_%28Our_Generation%2C_1938%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Royal_broadcast%2C_Christmas_1934_%28Our_Generation%2C_1938%29.jpg/440px-Royal_broadcast%2C_Christmas_1934_%28Our_Generation%2C_1938%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1806" data-file-height="1198" /></a><figcaption>King <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a> giving the 1934 <a href="/wiki/Royal_Christmas_message" title="Royal Christmas message">Royal Christmas message</a> on BBC Radio. The annual message typically reflects on the year's major events.</figcaption></figure> <p>The success of broadcasting provoked animosities between the BBC and well-established media such as theatres, concert halls and the recording industry. By 1929, the BBC complained that the agents of many comedians refused to sign contracts for broadcasting, because they feared it harmed the artist "by making his material stale" and that it "reduces the value of the artist as a visible music-hall performer". On the other hand, the BBC was "keenly interested" in a cooperation with the recording companies who "in recent years ... have not been slow to make records of singers, orchestras, dance bands, etc. who have already proved their power to achieve popularity by wireless." Radio plays were so popular that the BBC had received 6,000 manuscripts by 1929, most of them written for stage and of little value for broadcasting: "Day in and day out, manuscripts come in, and nearly all go out again through the post, with a note saying 'We regret, etc.'"<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1930s music broadcasts also enjoyed great popularity, for example the friendly and wide-ranging <a href="/wiki/BBC_Theatre_Organ" title="BBC Theatre Organ">BBC Theatre Organ</a> broadcasts at <a href="/wiki/St._George%27s_Hall,_London" title="St. George's Hall, London">St George's Hall</a>, London by <a href="/wiki/Reginald_Foort" title="Reginald Foort">Reginald Foort</a>, who held the official role of BBC Staff Theatre Organist from 1936 to 1938.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_World_War">Second World War</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Orwell_statue_-_BBC_London_(38562767202).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/George_Orwell_statue_-_BBC_London_%2838562767202%29.jpg/170px-George_Orwell_statue_-_BBC_London_%2838562767202%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/George_Orwell_statue_-_BBC_London_%2838562767202%29.jpg/255px-George_Orwell_statue_-_BBC_London_%2838562767202%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/George_Orwell_statue_-_BBC_London_%2838562767202%29.jpg/340px-George_Orwell_statue_-_BBC_London_%2838562767202%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Orwell" title="Statue of George Orwell">Statue of George Orwell</a> outside <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House" title="Broadcasting House">Broadcasting House</a>, headquarters of the BBC</figcaption></figure> <p>Television broadcasting was suspended from 1 September 1939 to 7 June 1946, during the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, and it was left to <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio" title="BBC Radio">BBC Radio</a> broadcasters such as Reginald Foort to keep the nation's spirits up. The BBC moved most of its radio operations out of London, initially to <a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a>, and then to <a href="/wiki/Bedford" title="Bedford">Bedford</a>. Concerts were broadcast from the <a href="/wiki/Bedford_Corn_Exchange" title="Bedford Corn Exchange">Bedford Corn Exchange</a>; the Trinity Chapel in <a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Church,_Bedford" title="St Paul's Church, Bedford">St Paul's Church, Bedford</a> was the studio for the daily service from 1941 to 1945, and, in the darkest days of the war in 1941, the <a href="/wiki/Cosmo_Gordon_Lang" title="Cosmo Gordon Lang">Archbishops of Canterbury</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Temple_(bishop)" title="William Temple (bishop)">York</a> came to St Paul's to broadcast to the UK and the world on the National Day of Prayer. BBC employees during the war included <a href="/wiki/George_Orwell" title="George Orwell">George Orwell</a> who spent two years with the broadcaster.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During his role as prime minister during the war, Winston Churchill delivered 33 major wartime speeches by radio, all of which were carried by the BBC within the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 18 June 1940, French general <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a>, in exile in London as the leader of the Free French, made a speech, broadcast by the BBC, urging the French people not to capitulate to the Nazis.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 1940, Princesses <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Princess_Margaret,_Countess_of_Snowdon" title="Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon">Margaret</a> made their first radio broadcast for the BBC's <i><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Hour" title="Children's Hour">Children's Hour</a></i>, addressing other children who had been evacuated from cities.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1938, John Reith and the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">Government of the United Kingdom</a>, specifically the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Information_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Information (United Kingdom)">Ministry of Information</a> which had been set up for WWII, designed a censorship apparatus for the inevitability of war.<sup id="cite_ref-Nicholas-1996_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nicholas-1996-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the BBC's advancements in <a href="/wiki/Shortwave_radio" title="Shortwave radio">shortwave radio</a> technology, the corporation could broadcast across the world during the Second World War.<sup id="cite_ref-Cull-1995_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cull-1995-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within Europe, the BBC European Service would gather intelligence and information regarding the current events of the war in English.<sup id="cite_ref-Nicholas-1996_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nicholas-1996-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ribeiro-2011_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ribeiro-2011-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regional BBC workers, based on their regional geo-political climate, would then further censor the material their broadcasts would cover. Nothing was to be added outside the preordained news items.<sup id="cite_ref-Nicholas-1996_53-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nicholas-1996-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ribeiro-2011_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ribeiro-2011-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, the BBC Polish Service was heavily censored due to fears of jeopardising relations with the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. Controversial topics, i.e. the contested Polish and Soviet border, the deportation of Polish citizens, the arrests of <a href="/wiki/Home_Army" title="Home Army">Polish Home Army</a> members and the <a href="/wiki/Katyn_massacre" title="Katyn massacre">Katyn massacre</a>, were not included in Polish broadcasts.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> American radio broadcasts were broadcast across Europe on BBC channels. This material also passed through the BBC's censorship office, which surveilled and edited American coverage of British affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-Cull-1995_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cull-1995-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1940, across all BBC broadcasts, music by composers from enemy nations was censored. In total, 99 German, 38 Austrian and 38 Italian composers were censored. The BBC argued that like the Italian or German languages, listeners would be irritated by the inclusion of enemy composers.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Any potential broadcasters said to have pacifist, communist or <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">fascist</a> ideologies were not allowed on the BBC's airwaves.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1937, a <a href="/wiki/MI5" title="MI5">MI5</a> security officer was given a permanent office within the organisation. This officer would examine the files of potential political subversives and <a href="/wiki/%22Christmas_tree%22_files" title=""Christmas tree" files">mark the files of those deemed a security risk</a> to the organisation, <a href="/wiki/Blacklisting" title="Blacklisting">blacklisting</a> them. This was often done on spurious grounds; even so, the practice would continue and expand during the years of the Cold War.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hollingsworth_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hollingsworth-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_20th_century">Later 20th century</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BBC_AXBT_Microphone_(designed_in_1944).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/BBC_AXBT_Microphone_%28designed_in_1944%29.jpg/220px-BBC_AXBT_Microphone_%28designed_in_1944%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/BBC_AXBT_Microphone_%28designed_in_1944%29.jpg/330px-BBC_AXBT_Microphone_%28designed_in_1944%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/BBC_AXBT_Microphone_%28designed_in_1944%29.jpg/440px-BBC_AXBT_Microphone_%28designed_in_1944%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="612" data-file-height="612" /></a><figcaption>Produced between 1934 and 1959, the <a href="/wiki/BBC-Marconi_Type_A_microphone" title="BBC-Marconi Type A microphone">BBC-Marconi Type A microphone</a> has been described as an iconic symbol of the BBC alongside the channel's most famous emblem, the <a href="/wiki/History_of_BBC_television_idents#BBC_Television_Service/BBC_One" title="History of BBC television idents">rotating globe</a>, which was introduced in 1963.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>There was a widely reported urban myth that, upon resumption of the BBC television service after the war, announcer <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Mitchell_(broadcaster)" title="Leslie Mitchell (broadcaster)">Leslie Mitchell</a> started by saying, "As I was saying before we were so rudely interrupted ..." In fact, the first person to appear when transmission resumed was <a href="/wiki/Jasmine_Bligh" title="Jasmine Bligh">Jasmine Bligh</a> and the words said were "Good afternoon, everybody. How are you? Do you remember me, Jasmine Bligh ... ?"<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/European_Broadcasting_Union" title="European Broadcasting Union">European Broadcasting Union</a> was formed on 12 February 1950, in <a href="/wiki/Torquay" title="Torquay">Torquay</a> with the BBC among the 23 founding broadcasting organisations.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Competition to the BBC was introduced in 1955, with the commercial and independently operated television network of <a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">Independent Television (ITV)</a>. However, the BBC monopoly on radio services would persist until 8 October 1973 when under the control of the newly renamed <a href="/wiki/Independent_Broadcasting_Authority" title="Independent Broadcasting Authority">Independent Broadcasting Authority</a> (IBA), the UK's first Independent local radio station, <a href="/wiki/LBC" title="LBC">LBC</a> came on-air in the London area. As a result of the <a href="/wiki/Pilkington_Committee_on_Broadcasting" title="Pilkington Committee on Broadcasting">Pilkington Committee</a> report of 1962, in which the BBC was praised for the quality and range of its output, and ITV was very heavily criticised for not providing enough quality programming,<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the decision was taken to award the BBC a second television channel, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Two" title="BBC Two">BBC2</a>, in 1964, renaming the existing service <a href="/wiki/BBC_One" title="BBC One">BBC1</a>. BBC2 used the higher resolution 625-line standard which had been standardised across Europe. BBC2 was broadcast in colour from 1 July 1967 and was joined by BBC1 and ITV on 15 November 1969. The 405-line <a href="/wiki/Very_high_frequency#United_Kingdom" title="Very high frequency">VHF</a> transmissions of BBC1 (and ITV) were continued for compatibility with older television receivers until 1985. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BBC_TV_Centre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/BBC_TV_Centre.jpg/220px-BBC_TV_Centre.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/BBC_TV_Centre.jpg/330px-BBC_TV_Centre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/BBC_TV_Centre.jpg/440px-BBC_TV_Centre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Television_Centre,_London" title="Television Centre, London">Television Centre</a> at <a href="/wiki/White_City,_London" title="White City, London">White City</a>, west London, which opened in 1960 and closed in 2013</figcaption></figure> <p>Starting in 1964, a series of <a href="/wiki/Pirate_radio" title="Pirate radio">pirate radio</a> stations (starting with <a href="/wiki/Radio_Caroline" title="Radio Caroline">Radio Caroline</a>) came on the air and forced the British government finally to regulate radio services to permit nationally based advertising-financed services. In response, the BBC reorganised and renamed their radio channels. On 30 September 1967, the Light Programme was split into <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_1" title="BBC Radio 1">Radio 1</a> offering continuous "Popular" music and <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_2" title="BBC Radio 2">Radio 2</a> more "Easy Listening".<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "Third" programme became <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_3" title="BBC Radio 3">Radio 3</a> offering classical music and cultural programming. The Home Service became <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">Radio 4</a> offering news, and non-musical content such as quiz shows, readings, dramas and plays. As well as the four national channels, a series of local BBC radio stations were established in 1967, including <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_London" title="BBC Radio London">Radio London</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1969, the BBC Enterprises department was formed to exploit BBC brands and programmes for commercial <a href="/wiki/Spin-off_(media)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spin-off (media)">spin-off</a> products. In 1979, it became a wholly owned limited company, BBC Enterprises Ltd.<sup id="cite_ref-briggs_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-briggs-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1974, the BBC's <a href="/wiki/Teletext" title="Teletext">teletext</a> service, <a href="/wiki/Ceefax" title="Ceefax">Ceefax</a>, was introduced, created initially to provide subtitling, but developed into a news and information service. In 1978, BBC staff went on strike just before the Christmas, thus blocking out the transmission of both channels and amalgamating all four radio stations into one.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the deregulation of the UK television and radio market in the 1980s, the BBC has faced increased competition from the commercial sector (and from the advertiser-funded public service broadcaster <a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a>), especially on satellite television, cable television, and digital television services. In the late 1980s, the BBC began a process of <a href="/wiki/Divestment" title="Divestment">divestment</a> by <a href="/wiki/Corporate_spin-off" title="Corporate spin-off">spinning off</a> and selling parts of its organisation. In 1988, it sold off the Hulton Press Library, a photographic archive which had been acquired from the <i><a href="/wiki/Picture_Post" title="Picture Post">Picture Post</a></i> magazine by the BBC in 1957. The archive was sold to Brian Deutsch and is now owned by <a href="/wiki/Getty_Images" title="Getty Images">Getty Images</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hulton-history_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hulton-history-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1987, the BBC decided to centralize its operations by the management team with the radio and television divisions joining forces together for the first time, the activities of the news and currents departments and coordinated jointly under the new directorate.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 1990s, this process continued with the separation of certain operational arms of the corporation into autonomous but <a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">wholly owned subsidiaries</a>, with the aim of generating additional revenue for programme-making. BBC Enterprises was reorganised and relaunched in 1995, as BBC Worldwide Ltd.<sup id="cite_ref-briggs_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-briggs-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1998, BBC studios, outside broadcasts, post production, design, costumes and wigs were spun off into BBC Resources Ltd.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian-resources_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-resources-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/BBC_Research_%26_Development" title="BBC Research & Development">BBC Research & Development</a> has played a major part in the development of broadcasting and recording techniques. The BBC was also responsible for the development of the <a href="/wiki/NICAM" title="NICAM">NICAM</a> stereo standard. In recent decades, a number of additional channels and radio stations have been launched: <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_5_(former)" title="BBC Radio 5 (former)">Radio 5</a> was launched in 1990, as a sports and educational station, but was replaced in 1994, with <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_5_Live" title="BBC Radio 5 Live">BBC Radio 5 Live</a> to become a live radio station, following the success of the <a href="/wiki/Radio_4_News_FM" title="Radio 4 News FM">Radio 4 service</a> to cover the 1991 <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a>. The new station would be a news and sport station. In 1997, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC News (TV channel)">BBC News 24</a>, a rolling news channel, launched on digital television services, and the following year, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Choice" title="BBC Choice">BBC Choice</a> was launched as the third general entertainment channel from the BBC. The BBC also purchased The Parliamentary Channel, which was renamed <a href="/wiki/BBC_Parliament" title="BBC Parliament">BBC Parliament</a>. In 1999, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Knowledge" title="BBC Knowledge">BBC Knowledge</a> launched as a multimedia channel, with services available on the newly launched <a href="/wiki/BBC_Red_Button" title="BBC Red Button">BBC Text</a> digital teletext service (later rebranded as BBC Red Button), and on <a href="/wiki/BBC_Online" title="BBC Online">BBC Online</a>. The channel had an educational aim, which was modified later on in its life to offer documentaries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000_to_2011">2000 to 2011</h3></div> <p>In 2002, several television and radio channels were reorganised. BBC Knowledge was replaced by <a href="/wiki/BBC_Four" title="BBC Four">BBC Four</a> and became the BBC's arts and documentaries channel. <a href="/wiki/CBBC" title="CBBC">CBBC</a>, which had been a programming strand as Children's BBC since 1985, was split into CBBC and <a href="/wiki/CBeebies" title="CBeebies">CBeebies</a>, for younger children, with both new services getting a digital channel: the CBBC Channel and CBeebies Channel.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to the television channels, new digital radio stations were created: <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_1Xtra" title="BBC Radio 1Xtra">1Xtra</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_6_Music" title="BBC Radio 6 Music">6 Music</a> and <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4_Extra" title="BBC Radio 4 Extra">Radio 4 Extra</a>. BBC 1Xtra was a sister station to Radio 1 and specialised in modern black music, BBC 6 Music specialised in alternative music genres and BBC7 specialised in archive, speech and children's programming.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manchester_big_screen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Manchester_big_screen.jpg/220px-Manchester_big_screen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Manchester_big_screen.jpg/330px-Manchester_big_screen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Manchester_big_screen.jpg/440px-Manchester_big_screen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="453" /></a><figcaption>England fans in <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a> during a <a href="/wiki/2006_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2006 FIFA World Cup">2006 FIFA World Cup</a> game shown on the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Big_Screen" title="BBC Big Screen">BBC Big Screen</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The following few years resulted in repositioning of some channels to conform to a larger brand: in 2003, BBC Choice was replaced by <a href="/wiki/BBC_Three" title="BBC Three">BBC Three</a>, with programming for younger adults and shocking real-life documentaries, BBC News 24 became the <a href="/wiki/BBC_News_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC News (TV channel)">BBC News Channel</a> in 2008, and BBC Radio 7 became BBC Radio 4 Extra in 2011, with new programmes to supplement those broadcast on Radio 4. In 2008, another channel was launched, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Alba" title="BBC Alba">BBC Alba</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a> service. </p><p>During this decade, the corporation began to sell off a number of its operational divisions to private owners; BBC Broadcast was spun off as a separate company in 2002,<sup id="cite_ref-broadcast-ltd_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-broadcast-ltd-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 2005, it was sold off to <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australian</a>-based Macquarie Capital Alliance Group and <a href="/wiki/Macquarie_Group" title="Macquarie Group">Macquarie Group</a> Limited and rebranded <a href="/wiki/Red_Bee_Media" title="Red Bee Media">Red Bee Media</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The BBC's <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">IT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telephony" title="Telephony">telephony</a> and <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_engineering" title="Broadcast engineering">broadcast technology</a> were brought together as BBC Technology Ltd in 2001,<sup id="cite_ref-broadcast-ltd_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-broadcast-ltd-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the division was later sold to the German company <a href="/wiki/Atos_Information_Technology_Incorporated" title="Atos Information Technology Incorporated">Siemens IT Solutions and Services</a> (SIS).<sup id="cite_ref-bbc-2204_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-2204-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SIS was subsequently acquired from Siemens by the French company <a href="/wiki/Atos" title="Atos">Atos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-atos-ariel_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atos-ariel-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further divestments included <a href="/wiki/BBC_Books" title="BBC Books">BBC Books</a> (sold to <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a> in 2006);<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> BBC Outside Broadcasts Ltd (sold in 2008 to <a href="/wiki/Sports_Information_Services" title="Sports Information Services">Satellite Information Services</a>);<sup id="cite_ref-OBsale_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OBsale-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Costumes and Wigs (stock sold in 2008 to <a href="/wiki/Angels_Costumes" title="Angels Costumes">Angels Costumes</a>);<sup id="cite_ref-angels-costumes_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-angels-costumes-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and BBC Magazines (sold to <a href="/wiki/Immediate_Media_Company" title="Immediate Media Company">Immediate Media Company</a> in 2011).<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the sales of OBs and costumes, the remainder of BBC Resources was reorganised as <a href="/wiki/BBC_Studioworks" title="BBC Studioworks">BBC Studios and Post Production</a>, which continues today as a wholly owned subsidiary of the BBC. </p><p>The 2004 <a href="/wiki/Hutton_Inquiry" title="Hutton Inquiry">Hutton Inquiry</a> and the subsequent report raised questions about the BBC's journalistic standards and its impartiality. This led to resignations of senior management members at the time including the then Director General, <a href="/wiki/Greg_Dyke" title="Greg Dyke">Greg Dyke</a>. In January 2007, the BBC released minutes of the board meeting which led to Greg Dyke's resignation.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unlike the other departments of the BBC, the BBC World Service was funded by the <a href="/wiki/Foreign,_Commonwealth_and_Development_Office" title="Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office">Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office</a>. The Foreign and Commonwealth Office, more commonly known as the Foreign Office or the FCO, is the British government department responsible for promoting the interests of the United Kingdom abroad. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BBC_Scotland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/BBC_Scotland.jpg/220px-BBC_Scotland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/BBC_Scotland.jpg/330px-BBC_Scotland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/BBC_Scotland.jpg/440px-BBC_Scotland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/BBC_Pacific_Quay" title="BBC Pacific Quay">BBC Pacific Quay</a> in <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>, which was opened in 2007</figcaption></figure> <p>A <a href="/wiki/2005_BBC_strike" title="2005 BBC strike">strike in 2005</a> by more than 11,000 BBC workers, over a proposal to cut 4,000 jobs, and to privatise parts of the BBC, disrupted much of the BBC's regular programming.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt-2005-05-24_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-2005-05-24-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2006, <a href="/wiki/BBC_HD" title="BBC HD">BBC HD</a> launched as an experimental service and became official in December 2007. The channel broadcast HD simulcasts of programmes on <a href="/wiki/BBC_One" title="BBC One">BBC One</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Two" title="BBC Two">BBC Two</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Three" title="BBC Three">BBC Three</a> and <a href="/wiki/BBC_Four" title="BBC Four">BBC Four</a> as well as repeats of some older programmes in HD. In 2010, an HD simulcast of BBC One launched: <a href="/wiki/BBC_One#BBC_One_HD" title="BBC One">BBC One HD</a>. The channel uses HD versions of BBC One's schedule and uses upscaled versions of programmes not currently produced in HD. The BBC HD channel closed in March 2013 and was replaced by BBC Two HD in the same month. </p><p>On 18 October 2007, BBC Director General Mark Thompson announced a controversial plan to make major cuts and reduce the size of the BBC as an organisation. The plans included a reduction in posts of 2,500; including 1,800 redundancies, consolidating news operations, reducing programming output by 10% and selling off the flagship <a href="/wiki/Television_Centre,_London" title="Television Centre, London">Television Centre</a> building in London.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These plans were fiercely opposed by unions, who threatened a series of strikes; however, the BBC stated that the cuts were essential to move the organisation forward and concentrate on increasing the quality of programming. </p><p>On 20 October 2010, the <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Osborne" title="George Osborne">George Osborne</a> announced that the television licence fee would be frozen at its current level until the end of the current charter in 2016. The same announcement revealed that the BBC would take on the full cost of running the <a href="/wiki/BBC_World_Service" title="BBC World Service">BBC World Service</a> and the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Monitoring" title="BBC Monitoring">BBC Monitoring</a> service from the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, and partially finance the Welsh broadcaster <a href="/wiki/S4C" title="S4C">S4C</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2011_to_present">2011 to present</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BBCBroadcastingHouse.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/BBCBroadcastingHouse.JPG/180px-BBCBroadcastingHouse.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/BBCBroadcastingHouse.JPG/270px-BBCBroadcastingHouse.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/BBCBroadcastingHouse.JPG/360px-BBCBroadcastingHouse.JPG 2x" data-file-width="679" data-file-height="733" /></a><figcaption>The new extension to the BBC's <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House" title="Broadcasting House">Broadcasting House</a>, completed in 2012</figcaption></figure> <p>Further cuts were announced on 6 October 2011, so the BBC could reach a total reduction in their budget of 20%, following the licence fee freeze in October 2010, which included cutting staff by 2,000 and sending a further 1,000 to the <a href="/wiki/MediaCityUK" title="MediaCityUK">MediaCityUK</a> development in <a href="/wiki/Salford" title="Salford">Salford</a>, with BBC Three moving online only in 2016, the sharing of more programmes between stations and channels, sharing of radio news bulletins, more repeats in schedules, including the whole of BBC Two daytime and for some original programming to be reduced. BBC HD was closed on 26 March 2013, and replaced with an HD simulcast of BBC Two; however, flagship programmes, other channels and full funding for CBBC and CBeebies would be retained.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Numerous BBC facilities have been sold off, including <a href="/wiki/New_Broadcasting_House,_Manchester" title="New Broadcasting House, Manchester">New Broadcasting House</a> on <a href="/wiki/Wilmslow_Road" title="Wilmslow Road">Wilmslow Road</a> in Manchester. Many major departments have been relocated to <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House" title="Broadcasting House">Broadcasting House</a> in central London and <a href="/wiki/MediaCityUK" title="MediaCityUK">MediaCityUK</a> in Salford, particularly since the closure of BBC Television Centre in March 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 16 February 2016, the BBC Three television service was discontinued and replaced by a <a href="/wiki/BBC_Three_(streaming_service)" title="BBC Three (streaming service)">digital outlet</a> under the same name, targeting its young adult audience with web series and other content.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under the new royal charter instituted in 2017, the corporation must publish an annual report to Ofcom, outlining its plans and public service obligations for the next year. In its 2017–18 report, released July 2017, the BBC announced plans to "re-invent" its output to better compete against commercial streaming services such as <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a>. These plans included increasing the diversity of its content on television and radio, a major increase in investments towards digital children's content, and plans to make larger investments in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland to "rise to the challenge of better reflecting and representing a changing UK".<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2017, the BBC has also funded the <a href="/wiki/Local_Democracy_Reporting_Service" title="Local Democracy Reporting Service">Local Democracy Reporting Service</a>, with up to 165 journalists employed by independent news organisations to report on <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Local government in the United Kingdom">local democracy</a> issues on a <a href="/wiki/Press_pool" title="Press pool">pooled</a> basis.<sup id="cite_ref-Linford_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Linford-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016, the BBC Director General <a href="/wiki/Tony_Hall,_Baron_Hall_of_Birkenhead" title="Tony Hall, Baron Hall of Birkenhead">Tony Hall</a> announced a savings target of £800 million per year by 2021, which is about 23% of annual licence fee revenue. Having to take on the £700 million cost for free TV licences for the over-75 pensioners, and rapid inflation in drama and sport coverage costs, was given as the reason. Duplication of management and content spending would be reduced, and there would be a review of <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian-20160308_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-20160308-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-forbes-20160511_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forbes-20160511-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2019, the BBC launched the <a href="/wiki/Trusted_News_Initiative" title="Trusted News Initiative">Trusted News Initiative</a> to work with news and social media companies to combat <a href="/wiki/Disinformation" title="Disinformation">disinformation</a> about national elections.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020, the BBC announced a BBC News savings target of £80 million per year by 2022, involving about 520 staff reductions. The BBC's director of news and current affairs <a href="/wiki/Fran_Unsworth" title="Fran Unsworth">Fran Unsworth</a> said there would be further moves toward digital broadcasting, in part to attract back a youth audience, and more pooling of reporters to stop separate teams covering the same news.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc-20200129_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-20200129-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-guardian-20200715_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-20200715-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2020, the BBC reported a £119 million deficit because of delays to cost reduction plans, and the forthcoming ending of the remaining £253 million funding towards pensioner licence fees would increase financial pressures.<sup id="cite_ref-ft-20200915_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ft-20200915-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2021, it was reported that former banker <a href="/wiki/Richard_Sharp_(banker)" title="Richard Sharp (banker)">Richard Sharp</a> would succeed <a href="/wiki/David_Clementi" title="David Clementi">David Clementi</a>, as chairman, when he stepped down in February.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2023, the BBC was at the centre of a political row with football pundit <a href="/wiki/Gary_Lineker" title="Gary Lineker">Gary Lineker</a>, after he criticised the British government's asylum policy on social media. Lineker was suspended from his position on <i>Match of the Day</i> before being re-instated after receiving overwhelming support from his colleagues. The scandal was made worse due to the connections between BBC's chairman, Richard Sharp, and the Conservative Party.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2023, Richard Sharp resigned as chairman after a report found he did not disclose potential perceived conflicts of interest in his role in the facilitation of a loan to Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dame <a href="/wiki/Elan_Closs_Stephens" title="Elan Closs Stephens">Elan Closs Stephens</a> was appointed as acting chairwoman on 27 June 2023, and she would lead the BBC board for a year or until a new permanent chair has been appointed.<sup id="cite_ref-Stephens_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stephens-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Samir_Shah" title="Samir Shah">Samir Shah</a> was subsequently appointed with effect from 4 March 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-ShahAppointment_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ShahAppointment-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2024 it was announced that the BBC along with <a href="/wiki/Sky_Sports" title="Sky Sports">Sky Sports</a> signed a deal to broadcast the 2025–26 season of the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Super_League" title="Women's Super League">Women's Super League</a> campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2></div> <p>The BBC is a <a href="/wiki/Statutory_corporation#United_Kingdom" title="Statutory corporation">statutory corporation</a>, independent from direct government intervention, with its activities being overseen from April 2017 by the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Board" title="BBC Board">BBC Board</a> and regulated by <a href="/wiki/Ofcom" title="Ofcom">Ofcom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ofcom_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ofcom-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Appointments_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Appointments-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The chairman is Samir Shah.<sup id="cite_ref-ShahAppointment_109-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ShahAppointment-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Charter_and_Agreement">Charter and Agreement</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/BBC_Charter" title="BBC Charter">BBC Charter</a></div> <p>The BBC is a <a href="/wiki/State_media" title="State media">state owned</a> <a href="/wiki/Public_broadcasting" title="Public broadcasting">public broadcasting</a> company and operates under a <a href="/wiki/Royal_charter" title="Royal charter">royal charter</a>. The charter is the constitutional basis for the BBC, and sets out the BBC's Object, Mission and Public Purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-BBConCA_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBConCA-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It emphasises <a href="/wiki/Public_service" title="Public service">public service</a>, (limited)<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Editorial_independence" title="Editorial independence">editorial independence</a>, prohibits <a href="/wiki/Advertising" title="Advertising">advertising</a> on domestic services and proclaims the BBC is to "seek to avoid adverse impacts on competition which are not necessary for the effective fulfilment of the Mission and the promotion of the Public Purposes".<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The charter also sets out that the BBC is subject to an additional 'Agreement' between it and the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Culture,_Media_and_Sport" title="Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport">Culture Secretary</a>, and that its <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_license" title="Broadcast license">operating licence</a> is to be set by Ofcom, an external <a href="/wiki/Regulatory_agency" title="Regulatory agency">regulatory body</a>. It used to be that the <a href="/wiki/Home_Secretary" title="Home Secretary">Home Secretary</a> be departmental to both Agreement as well as Licence, and regulatory duties fall to the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Trust" title="BBC Trust">BBC Trust</a>, but the 2017 charter changed those 2007 arrangements.<sup id="cite_ref-bbchow_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbchow-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The charter, too, outlines the Corporation's governance and regulatory arrangements as a statutory corporation, including the role and composition of the BBC Board. The current Charter began on 1 January 2017 and ends on 31 December 2027; the Agreement being coterminous.<sup id="cite_ref-BBConCA_113-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBConCA-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="BBC_Board">BBC Board</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/BBC_Board" title="BBC Board">BBC Board</a></div> <p>The BBC Board was formed in April 2017. It replaced the previous governing body, the BBC Trust, which itself had replaced the <a href="/wiki/Board_of_Governors_of_the_BBC" title="Board of Governors of the BBC">board of governors</a> in 2007. The board sets the strategy for the corporation, assesses the performance of the BBC's executive board in delivering the BBC's services, and appoints the director-general. Ofcom is responsible for the regulation of the BBC. The board consists of the following members:<sup id="cite_ref-Appointments_112-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Appointments-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Board_and_Executive_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Board_and_Executive-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Position </th> <th colspan="2">Term of office </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Elan_Closs_Stephens" title="Elan Closs Stephens">Dame Elan Closs Stephens</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Acting <a href="/wiki/Chair_of_the_BBC" title="Chair of the BBC">Chairwoman</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">27 June 2023 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">27 June 2024<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;">Member for Wales </td> <td style="text-align:center;">20 July 2017 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">19 July 2020 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">20 January 2021 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">20 July 2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Davie" title="Tim Davie">Tim Davie</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Director-General_of_the_BBC" title="Director-General of the BBC">Director-General</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1 September 2020 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Serota" title="Nicholas Serota">Nicholas Serota</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Senior Independent Director </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 April 2017 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2 April 2024 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">Shumeet Banerji </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Non-executive Director </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1 January 2022 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">31 December 2025 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Damon_Buffini" title="Damon Buffini">Sir Damon Buffini</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Non-executive Director and Deputy Chair<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1 January 2022 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">31 December 2025 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">Shirley Garrood </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Non-executive Director </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 July 2019 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2 July 2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ian_Hargreaves" title="Ian Hargreaves">Ian Hargreaves</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Non-executive Director </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2 April 2020 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2 April 2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Robbie_Gibb" title="Robbie Gibb">Sir Robbie Gibb</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Member for England </td> <td style="text-align:center;">7 May 2021 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">6 May 2024 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Muriel_Gray" title="Muriel Gray">Muriel Gray</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Member for Scotland </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 January 2022 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2 January 2026 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>To be appointed by the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Executive" title="Northern Ireland Executive">Northern Ireland Executive</a></i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Member for Northern Ireland </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Moore_(TV_executive)" title="Charlotte Moore (TV executive)">Charlotte Moore</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;">Chief Content Officer </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1 September 2020 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1 September 2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1 September 2022 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">31 August 2024 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">Leigh Tavaziva </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Chief Operating Officer </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1 February 2021 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">31 January 2025 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Turness" title="Deborah Turness">Deborah Turness</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">CEO, BBC News and Current Affairs </td> <td style="text-align:center;">5 September 2022 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4 September 2024 </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Appointed for a year or until a new permanent chair has been appointed.<sup id="cite_ref-Stephens_108-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stephens-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The title of deputy chair is an honorary one held <a href="/wiki/Ex_officio_member" title="Ex officio member">ex-officio</a> by the chair of the BBC's Commercial Board<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Executive_committee">Executive committee</h3></div> <p>The executive committee is responsible for the day-to-day operations of the broadcaster. Consisting of senior managers of the BBC, the committee meets once per month and is responsible for operational management and delivery of services within a framework set by the board, and is chaired by the <a href="/wiki/Director-General_of_the_BBC" title="Director-General of the BBC">director-general</a>, currently <a href="/wiki/Tim_Davie" title="Tim Davie">Tim Davie</a>, who is chief executive and (from 1994) editor-in-chief.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Position </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tim_Davie" title="Tim Davie">Tim Davie</a></td> <td>Director-general (chair) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kerris Bright</td> <td>Chief Customer Officer </td></tr> <tr> <td>Alan Dickson</td> <td>Chief Financial Officer </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tom Fussell</td> <td>CEO, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Studios" title="BBC Studios">BBC Studios</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Leigh Tavaziva</td> <td>Chief Operating Officer </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Moore_(TV_executive)" title="Charlotte Moore (TV executive)">Charlotte Moore</a></td> <td>Chief Content Officer </td></tr> <tr> <td>Uzair Qadeer</td> <td>Chief People Officer </td></tr> <tr> <td>Alice Macandrew</td> <td>Group Corporate Affairs Director </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rhodri_Talfan_Davies" title="Rhodri Talfan Davies">Rhodri Talfan Davies</a></td> <td>Director, Nations </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gautam Rangarajan</td> <td>Group Director of Strategy and Performance </td></tr> <tr> <td>Deborah Turness</td> <td>CEO, BBC News and Current Affairs </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Operational_divisions">Operational divisions</h3></div> <p>The corporation has the following in-house divisions covering the BBC's output and operations:<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Content</b>, headed by <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Moore_(TV_executive)" title="Charlotte Moore (TV executive)">Charlotte Moore</a> is in charge of the corporation's <a href="/wiki/BBC_Television" title="BBC Television">television channels</a> including the commissioning of programming.</li> <li><b>Nations and Regions</b>, headed by Rhodri Talfan Davies is responsible for the corporation's divisions in <a href="/wiki/BBC_Scotland" title="BBC Scotland">Scotland</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Northern_Ireland" title="BBC Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Cymru_Wales" title="BBC Cymru Wales">Wales</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/BBC_English_Regions" title="BBC English Regions">English Regions</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commercial_divisions">Commercial divisions</h3></div> <p>The BBC also operates a number of wholly owned commercial divisions: </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/BBC_Studios" title="BBC Studios">BBC Studios</a></b> is the former in-house television production; Entertainment, Music & Events, Factual and Scripted (drama and comedy). Following a merger with <a href="/wiki/BBC_Worldwide" title="BBC Worldwide">BBC Worldwide</a> in April 2018, it also operates international channels and sells programmes and merchandise in the UK and abroad to gain additional income that is returned to BBC programmes. It is kept separate from the corporation due to its commercial nature.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/BBC_News_(international_TV_channel)" title="BBC News (international TV channel)">BBC News</a></b> department is in charge of the production and distribution of its commercial global television channel. It works closely with the BBC News group, but is not governed by it, and shares the corporation's facilities and staff. It also works with BBC Studios, the channel's distributor.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/BBC_Studioworks" title="BBC Studioworks">BBC Studioworks</a></b> is also separate and officially owns and operates some of the BBC's studio facilities, such as the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Elstree_Centre" title="BBC Elstree Centre">BBC Elstree Centre</a>, leasing them out to productions from within and outside of the corporation.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="MI5_vetting_policy">MI5 vetting policy</h3></div> <p>From as early as the 1930s until the 1990s, MI5, the British domestic intelligence service, engaged in the vetting of applicants for BBC jobs, a policy designed to keep out persons deemed subversive.<sup id="cite_ref-vetting_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vetting-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1933, BBC executive Colonel Alan Dawnay began to meet the head of MI5, Sir <a href="/wiki/Vernon_Kell" title="Vernon Kell">Vernon Kell</a>, to informally trade information; from 1935, a formal arrangement was made whereby job applicants would be secretly vetted by MI5 for their political views (without their knowledge).<sup id="cite_ref-vetting_126-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vetting-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The BBC took up a policy of denying any suggestion by the press of such a relationship (the very existence of MI5 itself was not officially acknowledged until the <a href="/wiki/Security_Service_Act_1989" title="Security Service Act 1989">Security Service Act 1989</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-vetting_126-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vetting-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This relationship garnered wider public attention after an article by <a href="/wiki/David_Leigh_(journalist)" title="David Leigh (journalist)">David Leigh</a> and Paul Lashmar appeared in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a></i> in August 1985, revealing that MI5 had been vetting appointments, running operations from Room 105 in Broadcasting House.<sup id="cite_ref-vetting_126-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vetting-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time of the exposé, the operation was being run by <a href="/wiki/Ronnie_Stonham" title="Ronnie Stonham">Ronnie Stonham</a>. A memo from 1984 revealed that blacklisted organisations included the far-left Communist Party of Great Britain, the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(UK)" title="Socialist Workers Party (UK)">Socialist Workers Party</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Workers_Revolutionary_Party_(UK)" title="Workers Revolutionary Party (UK)">Workers Revolutionary Party</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Militant_tendency" title="Militant tendency">Militant tendency</a>, as well as the far-right <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(UK)" title="National Front (UK)">National Front</a> and the <a href="/wiki/British_National_Party" title="British National Party">British National Party</a>. An association with one of these groups could result in a denial of a job application.<sup id="cite_ref-vetting_126-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vetting-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 1985, the BBC announced that it would stop the vetting process, except for a few people in top roles, as well as those in charge of <a href="/wiki/Wartime_Broadcasting_Service" title="Wartime Broadcasting Service">Wartime Broadcasting Service</a> emergency broadcasting (in the event of a nuclear war) and staff of the <a href="/wiki/BBC_World_Service" title="BBC World Service">BBC World Service</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vetting_126-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vetting-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1990, following the Security Service Act 1989, vetting was further restricted to those responsible for wartime broadcasting and those with access to <a href="/wiki/Security_clearance" title="Security clearance">secret government information</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vetting_126-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vetting-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Michael Hodder, who succeeded Stonham, had the MI5 vetting files sent to the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Archives" title="BBC Archives">BBC Archives</a> in <a href="/wiki/Reading,_Berkshire" title="Reading, Berkshire">Reading, Berkshire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vetting_126-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vetting-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Finances">Finances</h2></div> <p>The BBC has the second largest budget of any UK-based broadcaster with an operating expenditure of £4.722 billion in 2013/14<sup id="cite_ref-2013-14-consolidated-income-statement_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2013-14-consolidated-income-statement-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> compared with £6.471 billion for <a href="/wiki/Sky_UK" title="Sky UK">Sky UK</a> in 2013/14<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and £1.843 billion for ITV in the calendar year 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (January 2022)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Revenue">Revenue</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Television_licence" title="Television licence">Television licence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Television_licensing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Television licensing in the United Kingdom">Television licensing in the United Kingdom</a></div> <p>The principal means of funding the BBC is through the television licence, costing £169.50 per year per household since April 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such a licence is required to legally receive broadcast television across the UK, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man. No licence is required to own a television used for other means, or for sound only radio sets (though a separate licence for these was also required for non-TV households until 1971). The cost of a television licence is set by the government and enforced by the criminal law. A discount is available for households with only black-and-white television sets. A 50% discount is also offered to people who are registered blind or severely visually impaired,<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the licence is completely free for any household containing anyone aged 75 or over. However, from August 2020, the licence fee will only be waived if over 75 and receiving pension credit.<sup id="cite_ref-TV_Licensing_Over_75_TV_Licences_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TV_Licensing_Over_75_TV_Licences-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The BBC pursues its licence fee collection and enforcement under the trading name "TV Licensing". The revenue is collected privately by Capita, an outside agency, and is paid into the central government <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Fund" title="Consolidated Fund">Consolidated Fund</a>, a process defined in the <a href="/wiki/Communications_Act_2003" title="Communications Act 2003">Communications Act 2003</a>. Funds are then allocated by the <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Culture,_Media_and_Sport" title="Department for Culture, Media and Sport">Department for Culture, Media and Sport</a> (DCMS) and the Treasury and approved by Parliament via legislation. Additional revenues are paid by the Department for Work and Pensions to compensate for subsidised licences for eligible over-75-year-olds. </p><p>The licence fee is classified as a tax,<sup id="cite_ref-Select_Committee_20060303_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Select_Committee_20060303-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and its evasion is a criminal offence. Since 1991, collection and enforcement of the licence fee has been the responsibility of the BBC in its role as TV Licensing Authority.<sup id="cite_ref-KeyFacts_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KeyFacts-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The BBC carries out surveillance (mostly using subcontractors) on properties (under the auspices of the <a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_Investigatory_Powers_Act_2000" title="Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000">Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000</a>) and may conduct searches of a property using a search warrant.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC25AUG2006_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC25AUG2006-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to TV Licensing, 216,900 people in the UK were caught watching TV without a licence in 2018/19.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Licence fee evasion makes up around one-tenth of all cases prosecuted in magistrates' courts, representing 0.3% of court time.<sup id="cite_ref-Perry_reference_BBC_139-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perry_reference_BBC-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Income from commercial enterprises and from overseas sales of its catalogue of programmes has substantially increased over recent years,<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with <a href="/wiki/BBC_Worldwide" title="BBC Worldwide">BBC Worldwide</a> contributing some £243 million to the BBC's core public service business.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_Annual_Report_2018/19_141-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_Annual_Report_2018/19-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the BBC's 2018/19 Annual Report, its total income was £4.889 billion a decrease from £5.062 billion in 2017/18 – partly owing to a 3.7% phased reduction in government funding for free over-75s TV licences,<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_Annual_Report_2018/19_141-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_Annual_Report_2018/19-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which can be broken down as follows: </p> <ul><li>£3.690 billion in licence fees collected from householders;</li> <li>£1.199 billion from the BBC's commercial businesses and government grants some of which will cease in 2020</li></ul> <p>The licence fee has, however, attracted criticism. It has been argued that in an age of multi-stream, multi-channel availability, an obligation to pay a licence fee is no longer appropriate. The BBC's use of private sector company <a href="/wiki/Capita" title="Capita">Capita</a> to send letters to premises not paying the licence fee has been criticised, especially as there have been cases where such letters have been sent to premises which are up to date with their payments, or do not require a TV licence.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The BBC uses advertising campaigns to inform customers of the requirement to pay the licence fee. Past campaigns have been criticised by <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> MP <a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a> and former MP <a href="/wiki/Ann_Widdecombe" title="Ann Widdecombe">Ann Widdecombe</a> for having a threatening nature and language used to scare evaders into paying.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Audio clips and television broadcasts are used to inform listeners of the BBC's comprehensive database.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are a number of pressure groups campaigning on the issue of the licence fee.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The majority of the BBC's commercial output comes from its commercial arm BBC Worldwide which sell programmes abroad and exploit key brands for merchandise. Of their 2012/13 sales, 27% were centred on the five key "superbrands" of <i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who" title="Doctor Who">Doctor Who</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Top_Gear_(2002_TV_series)" title="Top Gear (2002 TV series)">Top Gear</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Strictly_Come_Dancing" title="Strictly Come Dancing">Strictly Come Dancing</a></i> (known as <i><a href="/wiki/Dancing_with_the_Stars" title="Dancing with the Stars">Dancing with the Stars</a></i> internationally), the BBC's archive of natural history programming (collected under the umbrella of <a href="/wiki/BBC_Earth" title="BBC Earth">BBC Earth</a>) and the (now sold) travel guide brand <a href="/wiki/Lonely_Planet" title="Lonely Planet">Lonely Planet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_Worldwide_2012/13_review_147-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_Worldwide_2012/13_review-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Assets">Assets</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_BBC_properties" title="List of BBC properties">List of BBC properties</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House" title="Broadcasting House">Broadcasting House</a>; <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House,_Belfast" title="Broadcasting House, Belfast">Broadcasting House, Belfast</a>; <a href="/wiki/BBC_Cymru_Wales_New_Broadcasting_House" title="BBC Cymru Wales New Broadcasting House">BBC Cymru Wales New Broadcasting House</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Television_Centre,_London" title="Television Centre, London">Television Centre, London</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:194px;max-width:194px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:192px;max-width:192px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Broadcasting_House_by_Stephen_Craven.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Broadcasting_House_by_Stephen_Craven.jpg/190px-Broadcasting_House_by_Stephen_Craven.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Broadcasting_House_by_Stephen_Craven.jpg/285px-Broadcasting_House_by_Stephen_Craven.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Broadcasting_House_by_Stephen_Craven.jpg/380px-Broadcasting_House_by_Stephen_Craven.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The headquarters of the BBC at <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House" title="Broadcasting House">Broadcasting House</a> in <a href="/wiki/Portland_Place" title="Portland Place">Portland Place</a>, central London. This section of the building is called <i>Old Broadcasting House</i>.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:192px;max-width:192px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Broadcasting_House_(14561681425).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/New_Broadcasting_House_%2814561681425%29.jpg/190px-New_Broadcasting_House_%2814561681425%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/New_Broadcasting_House_%2814561681425%29.jpg/285px-New_Broadcasting_House_%2814561681425%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/New_Broadcasting_House_%2814561681425%29.jpg/380px-New_Broadcasting_House_%2814561681425%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The main entrance of the extension to the building (<i>New Broadcasting House</i>).</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Broadcasting House in <a href="/wiki/Portland_Place" title="Portland Place">Portland Place</a>, central London, is the official headquarters of the BBC. It is home to six of the ten BBC national radio networks, BBC Radio 1, BBC Radio 1xtra, BBC Asian Network, BBC Radio 3, BBC Radio 4, and <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4_Extra" title="BBC Radio 4 Extra">BBC Radio 4 Extra</a>. It is also the home of <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>, which relocated to the building from BBC Television Centre in 2013. On the front of the building are statues of <a href="/wiki/Prospero" title="Prospero">Prospero</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ariel_(The_Tempest)" title="Ariel (The Tempest)">Ariel</a>, characters from <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>'s play <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tempest" title="The Tempest">The Tempest</a></i>, sculpted by <a href="/wiki/Eric_Gill" title="Eric Gill">Eric Gill</a>. Renovation of Broadcasting House began in 2002, and was completed in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Until it closed at the end of March 2013, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Television" title="BBC Television">BBC Television</a> was based at <a href="/wiki/Television_Centre,_London" title="Television Centre, London">Television Centre</a>, a purpose-built television facility opened in 1960 located in <a href="/wiki/White_City,_London" title="White City, London">White City</a>, four miles (6 km) west of central London.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This facility was host to a number of famous guests and programmes through the years, and its name and image is familiar with many British citizens. Nearby, the <a href="/wiki/White_City_Place" title="White City Place">White City Place</a> complex contains numerous programme offices, housed in Centre House, the Media Centre and Broadcast Centre. It is in this area around <a href="/wiki/Shepherd%27s_Bush" title="Shepherd's Bush">Shepherd's Bush</a> that the majority of BBC employees worked. </p><p>As part of a major reorganisation of BBC property, the entire BBC News operation relocated from the News Centre at BBC Television Centre to the refurbished Broadcasting House to create what is being described as "one of the world's largest live broadcast centres".<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/BBC_News_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC News (TV channel)">BBC News Channel</a> and <a href="/wiki/BBC_News_(international_TV_channel)" title="BBC News (international TV channel)">BBC News International</a> relocated to the premises in early 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Broadcasting House is now also home to most of the BBC's national radio stations, and the <a href="/wiki/BBC_World_Service" title="BBC World Service">BBC World Service</a>. The major part of this plan involved the demolition of the two post-war extensions to the building and construction of an extension<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> designed by <a href="/wiki/Richard_MacCormac" title="Richard MacCormac">Sir Richard MacCormac</a> of <a href="/wiki/MJP_Architects" title="MJP Architects">MJP Architects</a>. This move concentrated the BBC's London operations, allowing them to sell Television Centre.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_News_Article_-_TV_Centre_up_for_sale_153-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_News_Article_-_TV_Centre_up_for_sale-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to the scheme above, the BBC is in the process of making and producing more programmes outside London, involving production centres such as <a href="/wiki/BBC_Northern_Ireland" title="BBC Northern Ireland">Belfast</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Cymru_Wales" title="BBC Cymru Wales">Cardiff</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Scotland" title="BBC Scotland">Glasgow</a>, Newcastle and, most notably, in <a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester" title="Greater Manchester">Greater Manchester</a> as part of the "BBC North Project" scheme where several major departments, including <a href="/wiki/BBC_North_West" title="BBC North West">BBC North West</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Manchester" title="BBC Manchester">BBC Manchester</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Sport" title="BBC Sport">BBC Sport</a>, <a href="/wiki/CBBC" title="CBBC">BBC Children's</a>, <a href="/wiki/CBeebies" title="CBeebies">CBeebies</a>, Radio 5 Live, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_5_Sports_Extra" title="BBC Radio 5 Sports Extra">BBC Radio 5 Sports Extra</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_Breakfast" title="BBC Breakfast">BBC Breakfast</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Learning" title="BBC Learning">BBC Learning</a> and the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Philharmonic" title="BBC Philharmonic">BBC Philharmonic</a> have all moved from their previous locations in either London or <a href="/wiki/New_Broadcasting_House,_Manchester" title="New Broadcasting House, Manchester">New Broadcasting House, Manchester</a> to the new 200-acre (80ha) <a href="/wiki/MediaCityUK" title="MediaCityUK">MediaCityUK</a> production facilities in <a href="/wiki/City_of_Salford" title="City of Salford">Salford</a>, that form part of the large <a href="/wiki/BBC_North" title="BBC North">BBC North Group</a> division and will therefore become the biggest staffing operation outside London.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC_North_Website_155-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_North_Website-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As well as the two main sites in London (Broadcasting House and White City), there are seven other important BBC production centres in the UK, mainly specialising in different productions. <a href="/wiki/BBC_Cymru_Wales_New_Broadcasting_House" title="BBC Cymru Wales New Broadcasting House">Cardiff</a> is home to <a href="/wiki/BBC_Cymru_Wales" title="BBC Cymru Wales">BBC Cymru Wales</a>, which specialises in drama production. Open since 2012, and containing 7 new studios, Roath Lock<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is notable as the home of productions such as <i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who" title="Doctor Who">Doctor Who</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Casualty_(TV_series)" title="Casualty (TV series)">Casualty</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House,_Belfast" title="Broadcasting House, Belfast">Broadcasting House Belfast</a>, home to <a href="/wiki/BBC_Northern_Ireland" title="BBC Northern Ireland">BBC Northern Ireland</a>, specialises in original drama and comedy, and has taken part in many co-productions with independent companies and notably with <a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89" title="RTÉ">RTÉ</a> in the Republic of Ireland. <a href="/wiki/BBC_Scotland" title="BBC Scotland">BBC Scotland</a>, based in <a href="/wiki/BBC_Pacific_Quay" title="BBC Pacific Quay">Pacific Quay, Glasgow</a> is a large producer of programmes for the network, including several quiz shows. In England, the larger regions also produce some programming. </p><p>Previously, the largest hub of BBC programming from the <a href="/wiki/BBC_English_Regions" title="BBC English Regions">regions</a> is BBC North West. At present they produce all religious and ethical programmes on the BBC, as well as other programmes such as <i><a href="/wiki/A_Question_of_Sport" title="A Question of Sport">A Question of Sport</a></i>. However, this is to be merged and expanded under the <a href="/wiki/BBC_North" title="BBC North">BBC North</a> project, which involved the region moving from <a href="/wiki/New_Broadcasting_House,_Manchester" title="New Broadcasting House, Manchester">New Broadcasting House, Manchester</a>, to <a href="/wiki/MediaCityUK" title="MediaCityUK">MediaCityUK</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_West_Midlands" title="BBC West Midlands">BBC Midlands</a>, based at <a href="/wiki/Mailbox_Birmingham" title="Mailbox Birmingham">Mailbox Birmingham</a>, also produces drama and contains the headquarters for the <a href="/wiki/BBC_English_Regions" title="BBC English Regions">English regions</a> and the BBC's daytime output. Other production centres include <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House,_Bristol" title="Broadcasting House, Bristol">Broadcasting House Bristol</a>, home of <a href="/wiki/BBC_West" title="BBC West">BBC West</a> and famously the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Studios_Natural_History_Unit" title="BBC Studios Natural History Unit">BBC Studios Natural History Unit</a> and to a lesser extent, <a href="/wiki/Quarry_Hill,_Leeds" title="Quarry Hill, Leeds">Quarry Hill</a> in Leeds, home of <a href="/wiki/BBC_Yorkshire" title="BBC Yorkshire">BBC Yorkshire</a>. There are also many smaller local and regional studios throughout the UK, operating the BBC regional television services and the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Local_Radio" title="BBC Local Radio">BBC Local Radio</a> stations. </p><p>The BBC also operates several news gathering centres in various locations around the world, which provide news coverage of that region to the national and international news operations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Information_technology_service_management">Information technology service management</h3></div> <p>In 2004, the BBC contracted out its former BBC Technology division to the German engineering and electronics company <a href="/wiki/Atos_Information_Technology_Incorporated" title="Atos Information Technology Incorporated">Siemens IT Solutions and Services</a> (SIS), <a href="/wiki/Outsourcing" title="Outsourcing">outsourcing</a> its <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">IT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telephony" title="Telephony">telephony</a> and <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_engineering" title="Broadcast engineering">broadcast technology</a> systems.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc-2204_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-2204-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Atos Origin acquired the SIS division from <a href="/wiki/Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a> in December 2010 for €850 million (£720m),<sup id="cite_ref-cw-siemens_157-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cw-siemens-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the BBC support contract also passed to <a href="/wiki/Atos" title="Atos">Atos</a>, and in July 2011, the BBC announced to staff that its technology support would become an Atos service.<sup id="cite_ref-atos-ariel_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atos-ariel-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Siemens staff working on the BBC contract were transferred to Atos; the BBC's <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">Information Technology systems</a> are now managed by Atos.<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, the BBC's <a href="/wiki/Chief_financial_officer" title="Chief financial officer">chief financial officer</a> <a href="/wiki/Zarin_Patel" title="Zarin Patel">Zarin Patel</a> stated to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a> <a href="/wiki/Public_Accounts_Committee_(United_Kingdom)" title="Public Accounts Committee (United Kingdom)">Public Accounts Committee</a> that, following criticism of the BBC's management of major IT projects with Siemens (such as the <a href="/wiki/Digital_Media_Initiative" title="Digital Media Initiative">Digital Media Initiative</a>), the BBC partnership with Atos would be instrumental in achieving cost savings of around £64 million as part of the BBC's "Delivering Quality First" programme.<sup id="cite_ref-publicaccounts_159-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-publicaccounts-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, the BBC's then-<a href="/wiki/Chief_technology_officer" title="Chief technology officer">chief technology officer</a> John Linwood, expressed confidence in service improvements to the BBC's technology provision brought about by Atos. He also stated that supplier accountability had been strengthened following some high-profile technology failures which had taken place during the partnership with Siemens.<sup id="cite_ref-cw-linwood_160-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cw-linwood-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Services">Services</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/BBC_Television" title="BBC Television">BBC Television</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BBC_weekly_reach_2011-12.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/BBC_weekly_reach_2011-12.png/250px-BBC_weekly_reach_2011-12.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/BBC_weekly_reach_2011-12.png/375px-BBC_weekly_reach_2011-12.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/BBC_weekly_reach_2011-12.png 2x" data-file-width="388" data-file-height="334" /></a><figcaption>Weekly reach of the BBC's domestic services from 2011 to 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_Trust_annual_report_11/12_161-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_Trust_annual_report_11/12-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC_Annual_Report_2011-12_reach_pages_162-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_Annual_Report_2011-12_reach_pages-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reach is the number of people who use the service at any point for more than 15 minutes in a week.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_Annual_Report_2011-12_reach_pages_162-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_Annual_Report_2011-12_reach_pages-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The BBC operates several television channels nationally and internationally. <a href="/wiki/BBC_One" title="BBC One">BBC One</a> and <a href="/wiki/BBC_Two" title="BBC Two">BBC Two</a> are the flagship television channels. Others include the youth channel <a href="/wiki/BBC_Three" title="BBC Three">BBC Three</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> cultural and documentary channel <a href="/wiki/BBC_Four" title="BBC Four">BBC Four</a>, the <a href="/wiki/BBC_News_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC News (TV channel)">British</a> and <a href="/wiki/BBC_News_(international_TV_channel)" title="BBC News (international TV channel)">international</a> variations of the BBC News channel, parliamentary channel BBC Parliament, and two children's channels, <a href="/wiki/CBBC" title="CBBC">CBBC</a> and <a href="/wiki/CBeebies" title="CBeebies">CBeebies</a>. Digital television is now entrenched in the UK, with analogue transmission completely phased out as of December 2012<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BBC&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>BBC One is a regionalised TV service which provides opt-outs throughout the day for local news and other local programming. These variations are more pronounced in the BBC "Nations", i.e. <a href="/wiki/BBC_Northern_Ireland" title="BBC Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Scotland" title="BBC Scotland">Scotland</a> and <a href="/wiki/BBC_Cymru_Wales" title="BBC Cymru Wales">Wales</a>, where the presentation is mostly carried out locally on BBC One and Two, and where programme schedules can vary considerably from that of the network. BBC Two variations exist in the Nations; however, <a href="/wiki/BBC_English_Regions" title="BBC English Regions">English regions</a> today rarely have the option to opt out as regional programming now exists only on BBC One. In 2019, the Scottish variation of BBC Two ceased operation and was replaced with the networked version in favour of a new <a href="/wiki/BBC_Scotland_(TV_channel)" title="BBC Scotland (TV channel)">BBC Scotland channel</a>. BBC Two was the first channel to be transmitted on 625 lines, in 1964. It then carried a small-scale regular colour service from 1967. BBC One followed in November 1969. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BBC_Television_weekly_reach_2011-12.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/BBC_Television_weekly_reach_2011-12.png/250px-BBC_Television_weekly_reach_2011-12.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/BBC_Television_weekly_reach_2011-12.png/375px-BBC_Television_weekly_reach_2011-12.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/BBC_Television_weekly_reach_2011-12.png/500px-BBC_Television_weekly_reach_2011-12.png 2x" data-file-width="718" data-file-height="519" /></a><figcaption>Weekly reach of the BBC's domestic television channels 2011–12<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_Trust_annual_report_11/12_161-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_Trust_annual_report_11/12-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>A new <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a> television channel, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Alba" title="BBC Alba">BBC Alba</a>, was launched in September 2008. It is also the first multi-genre channel to come entirely from Scotland with almost all of its programmes made in Scotland. The service was initially available only via <a href="/wiki/Satellite_television" title="Satellite television">satellite</a> but since June 2011 has been available to viewers in Scotland on <a href="/wiki/Freeview_(UK)" title="Freeview (UK)">Freeview</a> and cable television.<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The BBC currently operates <a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">HD</a> simulcasts of all its nationwide channels with the exception of <a href="/wiki/BBC_Parliament" title="BBC Parliament">BBC Parliament</a>. Until 26 March 2013, a separate channel called <a href="/wiki/BBC_HD" title="BBC HD">BBC HD</a> was available, in place of <a href="/wiki/BBC_Two#BBC_Two_HD" title="BBC Two">BBC Two HD</a>. It launched on 15 May 2006, following a 12-month trial of the broadcasts. It became a proper channel in 2007, and screened HD programmes as simulcasts of the main network, or as repeats. The corporation has been producing programmes in the format for many years, and stated that it hoped to produce 100% of new programmes in HDTV by 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 3 November 2010, a high-definition simulcast of BBC One was launched, entitled <a href="/wiki/BBC_One#BBC_One_HD" title="BBC One">BBC One HD</a>, and BBC Two HD launched on 26 March 2013, replacing BBC HD. Scotland's new television channel, BBC Scotland, launched in February 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Reichenbach_Fall_filming_(3).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/The_Reichenbach_Fall_filming_%283%29.JPG/230px-The_Reichenbach_Fall_filming_%283%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="230" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/The_Reichenbach_Fall_filming_%283%29.JPG/345px-The_Reichenbach_Fall_filming_%283%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/The_Reichenbach_Fall_filming_%283%29.JPG/460px-The_Reichenbach_Fall_filming_%283%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2522" data-file-height="2131" /></a><figcaption>Filming an episode of BBC One's <i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_(TV_series)" title="Sherlock (TV series)">Sherlock</a></i> (with <a href="/wiki/Benedict_Cumberbatch" title="Benedict Cumberbatch">Benedict Cumberbatch</a> as Sherlock Holmes pictured) in July 2011</figcaption></figure> <p>In the Republic of Ireland, Belgium, the Netherlands and Switzerland, the BBC channels are available in a number of ways. In these countries digital and cable operators carry a range of BBC channels. These include BBC One, BBC Two, BBC Four and BBC News, although viewers in the Republic of Ireland may receive BBC services via overspill from transmitters in Northern Ireland or Wales, or via "deflectors"—transmitters in the Republic which rebroadcast broadcasts from the UK,<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> received off-air, or from digital satellite. </p><p>Since 1975, the BBC has also provided its TV programmes to the <a href="/wiki/British_Forces_Broadcasting_Service" title="British Forces Broadcasting Service">British Forces Broadcasting Service (BFBS)</a>, allowing members of <a href="/wiki/British_Armed_Forces" title="British Armed Forces">UK military</a> serving abroad to watch them on four dedicated TV channels. From 27 March 2013, BFBS will carry versions of BBC One and BBC Two, which will include children's programming from <a href="/wiki/CBBC" title="CBBC">CBBC</a>, as well as carrying programming from <a href="/wiki/BBC_Three" title="BBC Three">BBC Three</a> on a new channel called <a href="/wiki/British_Forces_Broadcasting_Service#Forces_TV" title="British Forces Broadcasting Service">BFBS Extra</a>. </p><p>Since 2008, all BBC channels are available to watch online through the <a href="/wiki/BBC_iPlayer" title="BBC iPlayer">BBC iPlayer</a> service. This online streaming ability came about following experiments with live streaming, involving streaming certain channels in the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2014, Director-General Tony Hall announced that the corporation needed to save £100 million. In March 2014, the BBC confirmed plans for BBC Three to become an internet-only channel.<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="BBC_Genome_Project">BBC Genome Project</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/BBC_Genome_Project" title="BBC Genome Project">BBC Genome Project</a></div> <p>In December 2012, the BBC completed a digitisation exercise, scanning the listings of all BBC programmes from an entire run of about 4,500 copies of the <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_Times" title="Radio Times">Radio Times</a></i> magazine from the first, 1923, issue to 2009 (later listings already being held electronically), the "BBC Genome project", with a view to creating an online database of its programme output.<sup id="cite_ref-Kelion_172-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kelion-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An earlier ten months of listings are to be obtained from other sources.<sup id="cite_ref-Kelion_172-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kelion-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They identified around five million programmes, involving 8.5 million actors, presenters, writers and technical staff.<sup id="cite_ref-Kelion_172-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kelion-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Genome project was opened to public access on 15 October 2014, with corrections to OCR errors and changes to advertised schedules being <a href="/wiki/Crowdsourcing" title="Crowdsourcing">crowdsourced</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC-RTANL_173-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-RTANL-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio">Radio</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BBC_Radio_weekly_reach_2011-12.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/BBC_Radio_weekly_reach_2011-12.png/300px-BBC_Radio_weekly_reach_2011-12.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/BBC_Radio_weekly_reach_2011-12.png/450px-BBC_Radio_weekly_reach_2011-12.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/BBC_Radio_weekly_reach_2011-12.png/600px-BBC_Radio_weekly_reach_2011-12.png 2x" data-file-width="808" data-file-height="498" /></a><figcaption>Weekly reach of the BBC's national radio stations, on both analogue and digital (2012)<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_Annual_Report_2011-12_reach_pages_162-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_Annual_Report_2011-12_reach_pages-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio" title="BBC Radio">BBC Radio</a> and <a href="/wiki/BBC_Local_Radio" title="BBC Local Radio">BBC Local Radio</a></div> <p>The BBC has ten radio stations serving the whole of the UK, a further seven stations in the "national regions" (<a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>), and 39 other local stations serving defined areas of <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>. Of the ten national stations, five are major stations and are available on <a href="/wiki/FM_broadcasting" title="FM broadcasting">FM</a> or <a href="/wiki/AM_broadcasting" title="AM broadcasting">AM</a> as well as on <a href="/wiki/Digital_radio_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Digital radio in the United Kingdom">DAB</a> and online. These are <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_1" title="BBC Radio 1">BBC Radio 1</a>, offering new music and popular styles and being notable for its chart show; <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_2" title="BBC Radio 2">BBC Radio 2</a>, playing adult contemporary, country and soul music amongst many other genres; <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_3" title="BBC Radio 3">BBC Radio 3</a>, presenting classical and jazz music together with some spoken-word programming of a cultural nature in the evenings; <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a>, focusing on news, factual and other speech-based programming, including drama and comedy; and BBC Radio 5 Live, broadcasting 24-hour news, sport and talk programming. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Current-portrait-of-the-radio-Ingrid-Bergman-142360829576.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Current-portrait-of-the-radio-Ingrid-Bergman-142360829576.jpg/170px-Current-portrait-of-the-radio-Ingrid-Bergman-142360829576.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Current-portrait-of-the-radio-Ingrid-Bergman-142360829576.jpg/255px-Current-portrait-of-the-radio-Ingrid-Bergman-142360829576.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Current-portrait-of-the-radio-Ingrid-Bergman-142360829576.jpg/340px-Current-portrait-of-the-radio-Ingrid-Bergman-142360829576.jpg 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="991" /></a><figcaption>Swedish actress <a href="/wiki/Ingrid_Bergman" title="Ingrid Bergman">Ingrid Bergman</a> being interviewed on BBC Radio in October 1954</figcaption></figure> <p>In addition to these five stations, the BBC runs a further five stations that broadcast on DAB and online only. These stations supplement and expand on the big five stations, and were launched in 2002. <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_1Xtra" title="BBC Radio 1Xtra">BBC Radio 1Xtra</a> sisters Radio 1, and broadcasts new black music and urban tracks. <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_5_Sports_Extra" title="BBC Radio 5 Sports Extra">BBC Radio 5 Sports Extra</a> sisters 5 Live and offers extra sport analysis, including broadcasting sports that previously were not covered. <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_6_Music" title="BBC Radio 6 Music">BBC Radio 6 Music</a> offers alternative music genres and is notable as a platform for new artists. </p><p>BBC Radio 7, later renamed <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4_Extra" title="BBC Radio 4 Extra">BBC Radio 4 Extra</a>, provided archive drama, comedy and children's programming. Following the change to Radio 4 Extra, the service has dropped a defined children's strand in favour of family-friendly drama and comedy. In addition, new programmes to complement Radio 4 programmes were introduced such as <i><a href="/wiki/Ambridge_Extra" title="Ambridge Extra">Ambridge Extra</a></i>, and <i>Desert Island Discs revisited</i>. The final station is the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Asian_Network" title="BBC Asian Network">BBC Asian Network</a>, providing music, talk and news to this section of the community. This station evolved out of Local radio stations serving certain areas, and as such this station is available on <a href="/wiki/Medium_wave" title="Medium wave">medium wave</a> frequency in some areas of the Midlands. </p><p>As well as the national stations, the BBC also provides 40 <a href="/wiki/BBC_Local_Radio" title="BBC Local Radio">BBC Local Radio</a> stations in England and the Channel Islands, each named for and covering a particular city and its surrounding area (e.g. <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Bristol" title="BBC Radio Bristol">BBC Radio Bristol</a>), county or region (e.g. <a href="/wiki/BBC_Three_Counties_Radio" title="BBC Three Counties Radio">BBC Three Counties Radio</a>), or geographical area (e.g. <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Solent" title="BBC Radio Solent">BBC Radio Solent</a> covering the central south coast). A further six stations broadcast in what the BBC terms "the national regions": Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. These are <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Wales" title="BBC Radio Wales">BBC Radio Wales</a> (in English), <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Cymru" title="BBC Radio Cymru">BBC Radio Cymru</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a>), <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Scotland" title="BBC Radio Scotland">BBC Radio Scotland</a> (in English), <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_nan_G%C3%A0idheal" title="BBC Radio nan Gàidheal">BBC Radio nan Gàidheal</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a>), <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Ulster" title="BBC Radio Ulster">BBC Radio Ulster</a>, and <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Foyle" title="BBC Radio Foyle">BBC Radio Foyle</a>, the latter being an opt-out station from Radio Ulster for the north-west of Northern Ireland. </p><p>The BBC's UK national channels are also broadcast in the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man (although these <a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a> are outside the UK), and in the former there are two local stations – <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Guernsey" title="BBC Radio Guernsey">BBC Radio Guernsey</a> and <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Jersey" title="BBC Radio Jersey">BBC Radio Jersey</a>. There is no BBC local radio station, however, in the Isle of Man, partly because the island has long been served by the popular independent commercial station, <a href="/wiki/Manx_Radio" title="Manx Radio">Manx Radio</a>, which predates the existence of BBC Local Radio. BBC services in the dependencies are financed from <a href="/wiki/Television_licence" title="Television licence">television licence</a> fees which are set at the same level as those payable in the UK, although collected locally. This is the subject of some controversy in the Isle of Man since, as well as having no BBC Local Radio service, the island also lacks a local television news service analogous to that provided by <a href="/wiki/BBC_Spotlight_(BBC_South_West_TV_programme)#BBC_Channel_Islands" title="BBC Spotlight (BBC South West TV programme)">BBC Channel Islands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BBC_World_Questions_-_Hungary.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/BBC_World_Questions_-_Hungary.jpg/220px-BBC_World_Questions_-_Hungary.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/BBC_World_Questions_-_Hungary.jpg/330px-BBC_World_Questions_-_Hungary.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/BBC_World_Questions_-_Hungary.jpg/440px-BBC_World_Questions_-_Hungary.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/BBC_World_Service" title="BBC World Service">BBC World Service</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Dimbleby" title="Jonathan Dimbleby">Jonathan Dimbleby</a> (middle) broadcasting from Budapest, Hungary in 2016</figcaption></figure> <p>For a worldwide audience, the <a href="/wiki/BBC_World_Service" title="BBC World Service">BBC World Service</a> provides news, current affairs and information in more than 40 languages, including English, around the world and is available in over 150 capital cities, making it the world's largest external broadcaster in terms of reception area, language selection and audience reach.<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is broadcast worldwide on <a href="/wiki/Shortwave_radio" title="Shortwave radio">shortwave radio</a>, DAB and online and has an estimated weekly audience of 192 million, and its websites have an audience of 38 million people per week.<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2005, it is also available on DAB in the UK, a step not taken before, due to the way it is funded. Following the Government's spending review in 2011, the service was funded for the first time through the Licence fee.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_World_Service_Annual_Review_2010_178-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_World_Service_Annual_Review_2010-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-World_Service_Finance_details_179-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_Service_Finance_details-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In recent years, some services of the World Service have been reduced: the <a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a> service ended in 2006,<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as did the Eastern European languages. Resources were diverted instead into the new <a href="/wiki/BBC_News_Arabic" title="BBC News Arabic">BBC News Arabic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historically, the BBC was the only legal radio broadcaster based in the UK mainland until 1967, when <a href="/wiki/University_Radio_York" title="University Radio York">University Radio York</a>, then under the name <i>Radio York</i>, was launched as the first, and now oldest, legal independent radio station in the country. However, the BBC did not enjoy a complete monopoly before this, as several Continental stations, such as <a href="/wiki/Radio_Luxembourg" title="Radio Luxembourg">Radio Luxembourg</a>, had broadcast programmes in English to Britain since the 1930s and the Isle of Man-based <a href="/wiki/Manx_Radio" title="Manx Radio">Manx Radio</a> began in 1964. Today, despite the advent of <a href="/wiki/Commercial_broadcasting" title="Commercial broadcasting">commercial broadcasting</a>, BBC radio stations remain among the most listened-to in the country. Radio 2 has the largest audience share (up to 16.8% in 2011–12) and Radios 1 and 4 ranked second and third in terms of weekly <a href="/wiki/Reach_(advertising)" title="Reach (advertising)">reach</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>BBC programming is also available to other services and in other countries. Since 1943, the BBC has provided radio programming to the <a href="/wiki/British_Forces_Broadcasting_Service" title="British Forces Broadcasting Service">British Forces Broadcasting Service</a>, which broadcasts in countries where British troops are stationed. BBC Radio 1 is also carried in Canada on <a href="/wiki/Sirius_XM" title="Sirius XM">Sirius XM</a> (online streaming only). </p><p>The BBC is a patron of The <a href="/wiki/Radio_Academy" title="Radio Academy">Radio Academy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="News">News</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BBC_Broadcasting_House_newsroom_and_studio_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/BBC_Broadcasting_House_newsroom_and_studio_2013.jpg/220px-BBC_Broadcasting_House_newsroom_and_studio_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/BBC_Broadcasting_House_newsroom_and_studio_2013.jpg/330px-BBC_Broadcasting_House_newsroom_and_studio_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/BBC_Broadcasting_House_newsroom_and_studio_2013.jpg/440px-BBC_Broadcasting_House_newsroom_and_studio_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The new newsroom in Broadcasting House, central London, officially opened by <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">the Queen</a> in 2013</figcaption></figure> <p>BBC News is the largest broadcast news gathering operation in the world,<sup id="cite_ref-About_BBC_News_Website_184-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About_BBC_News_Website-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> providing services to BBC domestic radio as well as television networks such as the <a href="/wiki/BBC_News_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC News (TV channel)">BBC News</a>, BBC Parliament and <a href="/wiki/BBC_News_(international_TV_channel)" title="BBC News (international TV channel)">BBC News International</a>. In addition to this, news stories are available on the BBC Red Button service and <a href="/wiki/BBC_News_Online" title="BBC News Online">BBC News Online</a>. In addition to this, the BBC has been developing new ways to access BBC News and as a result, has launched the service on BBC Mobile, making it accessible to mobile phones and PDAs, as well as developing alerts by email, on digital television, and on computers through a <a href="/wiki/BBC_Alerts" title="BBC Alerts">desktop alert</a>. </p><p>Ratings figures suggest that during major incidents such as the <a href="/wiki/7_July_2005_London_bombings" title="7 July 2005 London bombings">7 July 2005 London bombings</a> or royal events, the UK audience overwhelmingly turns to the BBC's coverage as opposed to its commercial rivals.<sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 7 July 2005, the day that there were a series of coordinated bomb blasts on London's public transport system, the BBC Online website recorded an all time <a href="/wiki/Bandwidth_(computing)" title="Bandwidth (computing)">bandwidth</a> peak of 11 <a href="/wiki/Bit#Multiple_bits" title="Bit">Gb</a>/s at 12.00 on 7 July. BBC News received some 1 billion total hits on the day of the event (including all images, text, and <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a>), serving some 5.5 <a href="/wiki/Byte#Multiple-byte_units" title="Byte">terabytes</a> of data. At peak times during the day, there were 40,000-page requests per second for the BBC News website. The previous day's announcement of the <a href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics" title="2012 Summer Olympics">2012 Summer Olympics</a> being awarded to London caused a peak of around 5 Gbit/s. The previous all-time high at BBC Online was caused by the announcement of the <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a> verdict, which used 7.2 Gbit/s.<sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internet">Internet</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/BBC_Online" title="BBC Online">BBC Online</a></div> <p>The BBC's online presence includes a comprehensive <a href="/wiki/BBC_News_Online" title="BBC News Online">news website</a> and archive. The BBC's first official online service was the BBC Networking Club, which was launched on 11 May 1994. The service was subsequently relaunched as BBC Online in 1997, before being renamed BBCi, then bbc.co.uk, before it was rebranded back as BBC Online. The website is funded by the Licence fee, but uses <a href="/wiki/Geotargeting" title="Geotargeting">GeoIP</a> technology, allowing advertisements to be carried on the site when viewed outside of the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The BBC claims the site to be "Europe's most popular content-based site"<sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and states that 13.2 million people in the UK visit the site's more than two million pages each day.<sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The centre of the website is the Homepage, which features a modular layout. Users can choose which modules, and which information, is displayed on their homepage, allowing the user to customise it. This system was first launched in December 2007, becoming permanent in February 2008, and has undergone a few aesthetical changes since then.<sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The home page then has links to other micro-sites, such as <a href="/wiki/BBC_News_Online" title="BBC News Online">BBC News Online</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Sport" title="BBC Sport">Sport</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Weather" title="BBC Weather">Weather</a>, TV, and Radio. As part of the site, every programme on BBC Television or Radio is given its own page, with bigger programmes getting their own micro-site, and as a result it is often common for viewers and listeners to be told <a href="/wiki/URL" title="URL">URLs</a> for the programme website. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BBC_iPlayer_advertisement_on_Old_Street_roundabout.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/BBC_iPlayer_advertisement_on_Old_Street_roundabout.jpg/220px-BBC_iPlayer_advertisement_on_Old_Street_roundabout.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/BBC_iPlayer_advertisement_on_Old_Street_roundabout.jpg/330px-BBC_iPlayer_advertisement_on_Old_Street_roundabout.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/BBC_iPlayer_advertisement_on_Old_Street_roundabout.jpg/440px-BBC_iPlayer_advertisement_on_Old_Street_roundabout.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2136" /></a><figcaption>2008 advertisement for <a href="/wiki/BBC_iPlayer" title="BBC iPlayer">BBC iPlayer</a> at Old Street, London</figcaption></figure> <p>Another large part of the site also allows users to watch and listen to most Television and Radio output live and for seven days after broadcast using the <a href="/wiki/BBC_iPlayer" title="BBC iPlayer">BBC iPlayer</a> platform, which launched on 27 July 2007, and initially used <a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer" title="Peer-to-peer">peer-to-peer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Digital_rights_management" title="Digital rights management">DRM</a> technology to deliver both radio and TV content of the last seven days for offline use for up to 30 days, since then video is now streamed directly. Also, through participation in the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Archives#Creative_Archive_Licence" title="BBC Archives">Creative Archive Licence</a> group, bbc.co.uk allowed legal downloads of selected archive material via the internet.<sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The BBC has often included learning as part of its online service, running services such as <a href="/wiki/BBC_Jam" title="BBC Jam">BBC Jam</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Learning_Zone" title="BBC Learning Zone">Learning Zone Class Clips</a> and also runs services such as <a href="/wiki/BBC_WebWise" title="BBC WebWise">BBC WebWise</a> and First Click which are designed to teach people how to use the internet. <a href="/wiki/BBC_Jam" title="BBC Jam">BBC Jam</a> was a free online service, delivered through broadband and narrowband connections, providing high-quality interactive resources designed to stimulate learning at home and at school. Initial content was made available in January 2006; however, BBC Jam was suspended on 20 March 2007 due to allegations made to the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> that it was damaging the interests of the commercial sector of the industry.<sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In recent years, some major on-line companies and politicians have complained that BBC Online receives too much funding from the television licence, meaning that other websites are unable to compete with the vast amount of advertising-free on-line content available on BBC Online.<sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some have proposed that the amount of licence fee money spent on BBC Online should be reduced—either being replaced with funding from advertisements or subscriptions, or a reduction in the amount of content available on the site.<sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response to this the BBC carried out an investigation, and has now set in motion a plan to change the way it provides its online services. BBC Online will now attempt to fill in gaps in the market, and will guide users to other websites for currently existing market provision. (For example, instead of providing local events information and timetables, users will be guided to outside websites already providing that information.) Part of this plan included the BBC closing some of its websites, and rediverting money to redevelop other parts.<sup id="cite_ref-195" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-196" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 26 February 2010, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i> claimed that <a href="/wiki/Mark_Thompson_(media_executive)" title="Mark Thompson (media executive)">Mark Thompson</a>, Director General of the BBC, proposed that the BBC's web output should be cut by 50%, with online staff numbers and budgets reduced by 25% in a bid to scale back BBC operations and allow commercial rivals more room.<sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-197"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 2 March 2010, the BBC reported that it would cut its website spending by 25% and close BBC 6 Music and Asian Network, as part of Mark Thompson's plans to make "a smaller, fitter BBC for the digital age".<sup id="cite_ref-198" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-198"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-199" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-199"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interactive_television">Interactive television</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/BBC_Red_Button" title="BBC Red Button">BBC Red Button</a></div> <p>BBC Red Button is the brand name for the BBC's <a href="/wiki/Interactive_television" title="Interactive television">interactive television</a> services, which are available through <a href="/wiki/Freeview_(UK)" title="Freeview (UK)">Freeview</a> (digital terrestrial), as well as <a href="/wiki/Freesat" title="Freesat">Freesat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sky_UK" title="Sky UK">Sky UK</a> (satellite), and <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media" title="Virgin Media">Virgin Media</a> (cable). Unlike Ceefax, the service's analogue counterpart, BBC Red Button is able to display full-colour graphics, photographs, and video, as well as programmes and can be accessed from any BBC channel. The service carries News, Weather and Sport 24 hours a day, but also provides extra features related to programmes specific at that time. Examples include viewers to play along at home to gameshows, to give, voice and vote on opinions to issues, as used alongside programmes such as <i><a href="/wiki/Question_Time_(TV_programme)" title="Question Time (TV programme)">Question Time</a></i>. At some points in the year, when multiple sporting events occur, some coverage of less mainstream sports or games are frequently placed on the Red Button for viewers to watch. Frequently, other features are added unrelated to programmes being broadcast at that time, such as the broadcast of the <i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who" title="Doctor Who">Doctor Who</a></i> animated episode <i><a href="/wiki/Dreamland_(Doctor_Who)" title="Dreamland (Doctor Who)">Dreamland</a></i> in November 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-200" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BBC_Big_Band_-_Town_Hall_Birmingham_-_May_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/BBC_Big_Band_-_Town_Hall_Birmingham_-_May_2012.jpg/220px-BBC_Big_Band_-_Town_Hall_Birmingham_-_May_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/BBC_Big_Band_-_Town_Hall_Birmingham_-_May_2012.jpg/330px-BBC_Big_Band_-_Town_Hall_Birmingham_-_May_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/BBC_Big_Band_-_Town_Hall_Birmingham_-_May_2012.jpg/440px-BBC_Big_Band_-_Town_Hall_Birmingham_-_May_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2832" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/BBC_Big_Band" title="BBC Big Band">BBC Big Band</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The BBC employs 5 staff orchestras, a professional choir, and supports two amateur choruses, based in BBC venues across the UK;<sup id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Symphony_Orchestra" title="BBC Symphony Orchestra">BBC Symphony Orchestra</a>, the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Singers" title="BBC Singers">BBC Singers</a> and <a href="/wiki/BBC_Symphony_Chorus" title="BBC Symphony Chorus">BBC Symphony Chorus</a> based in London, the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Scottish_Symphony_Orchestra" title="BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra">BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra</a> in Glasgow, the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Philharmonic" title="BBC Philharmonic">BBC Philharmonic</a> in Salford, the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Concert_Orchestra" title="BBC Concert Orchestra">BBC Concert Orchestra</a> based in Watford, and the <a href="/wiki/BBC_National_Orchestra_of_Wales" title="BBC National Orchestra of Wales">BBC National Orchestra of Wales</a> in Cardiff. It also buys a selected number of broadcasts from the <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Orchestra" title="Ulster Orchestra">Ulster Orchestra</a> in Belfast and the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Big_Band" title="BBC Big Band">BBC Big Band</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Albert_Hall.001_-_London.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Royal_Albert_Hall.001_-_London.JPG/245px-Royal_Albert_Hall.001_-_London.JPG" decoding="async" width="245" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Royal_Albert_Hall.001_-_London.JPG/368px-Royal_Albert_Hall.001_-_London.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Royal_Albert_Hall.001_-_London.JPG/490px-Royal_Albert_Hall.001_-_London.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/BBC_Proms" title="BBC Proms">BBC Proms</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Albert_Hall" title="Royal Albert Hall">Royal Albert Hall</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/BBC_Proms" title="BBC Proms">BBC Proms</a> have been produced by the BBC every year since 1927, stepping in to fund the popular eight-week summer classical music festival when music publishers Chappell and Co withdrew their support.<sup id="cite_ref-202" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1930, the newly formed BBC Symphony Orchestra gave all 49 Proms, and have performed at every Last Night of the Proms since then. The Proms have been held at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Albert_Hall" title="Royal Albert Hall">Royal Albert Hall</a> since 1941, and the BBC's orchestras and choirs are the backbone of the festival, giving around 40% to 50% of all performances each season.<sup id="cite_ref-203" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-203"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many famous musicians of every genre have played at the BBC, such as <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Live_at_the_BBC_(Beatles_album)" title="Live at the BBC (Beatles album)">Live at the BBC</a></i> is one of their many albums). The BBC is also responsible for the broadcast of <a href="/wiki/Glastonbury_Festival" title="Glastonbury Festival">Glastonbury Festival</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reading_and_Leeds_Festivals" title="Reading and Leeds Festivals">Reading and Leeds Festivals</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest">United Kingdom</a> coverage of the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Eurovision Song Contest">Eurovision Song Contest</a>, a show with which the broadcaster has been associated for over 60 years.<sup id="cite_ref-204" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-204"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The BBC also operates the division of BBC Audiobooks sometimes found in association with Chivers Audiobooks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BBC_Micro_people_in_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/BBC_Micro_people_in_2008.jpg/220px-BBC_Micro_people_in_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/BBC_Micro_people_in_2008.jpg/330px-BBC_Micro_people_in_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/BBC_Micro_people_in_2008.jpg/440px-BBC_Micro_people_in_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2204" data-file-height="1668" /></a><figcaption>Some of the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Micro" title="BBC Micro">BBC Micro</a> team in 2008. Developed by <a href="/wiki/Acorn_Computers" title="Acorn Computers">Acorn</a>, the Micro computer dominated the educational computer market in the UK during the 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-205" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-205"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The BBC operates other ventures as well as its broadcasting arm. In addition to broadcasting output on television and radio, some programmes are also displayed on the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Big_Screen" title="BBC Big Screen">BBC Big Screens</a> in several central-city locations. The BBC and the <a href="/wiki/Foreign,_Commonwealth_and_Development_Office" title="Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office">Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office</a> also jointly run <a href="/wiki/BBC_Monitoring" title="BBC Monitoring">BBC Monitoring</a>, which monitors radio, television, the press and the internet worldwide. The BBC also developed several computers throughout the 1980s, most notably the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Micro" title="BBC Micro">BBC Micro</a> (created as part of the <i>BBC Computer Literacy Project</i>, which foreshadowed the coming microcomputer revolution and its effect on the economy, industry, and society of the United Kingdom), which ran alongside the corporation's educational aims and programming, starting with <i><a href="/wiki/The_Computer_Programme" title="The Computer Programme">The Computer Programme</a></i> broadcast in 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-206" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-206"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-207" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-207"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/The_National_Museum_of_Computing" title="The National Museum of Computing">The National Museum of Computing</a> at <a href="/wiki/Bletchley_Park" title="Bletchley Park">Bletchley Park</a> uses BBC Micros as part of a scheme to educate school children about <a href="/wiki/Computer_programming" title="Computer programming">computer programming</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-208" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-208"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1951, in conjunction with <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, the BBC published <i>The BBC Hymn Book</i>, intended to be used by radio listeners to follow hymns being broadcast. The book was published both with and without music, the music edition being entitled <i>The BBC Hymn Book with Music</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-209" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-209"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>204<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The book contained 542 popular hymns. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ceefax">Ceefax</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ceefax" title="Ceefax">Ceefax</a></div> <p>The BBC provided the world's first teletext service called Ceefax (near-homophonous with "See Facts") from 23 September 1974 until 23 October 2012 on the BBC1 analogue channel, then later on BBC2. It showed informational pages, such as News, Sport, and the Weather. From New Year's Eve, 1974, ITV's <a href="/wiki/ORACLE_(teletext)" title="ORACLE (teletext)">Oracle</a> tried to compete with Ceefax. Oracle closed on New Year's Eve, 1992. During its lifetime, Ceefax attracted millions of viewers, right up until 2012, prior to the <a href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television_in_the_United_Kingdom#Digital_switchover" title="Digital terrestrial television in the United Kingdom">digital switchover in the United Kingdom</a>. Since then, the BBC's <a href="/wiki/BBC_Red_Button" title="BBC Red Button">Red Button Service</a> has provided a digital information system that replaced Ceefax.<sup id="cite_ref-210" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-210"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>205<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="BritBox">BritBox</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/BritBox" title="BritBox">BritBox</a></div> <p>In 2016 the BBC, in partnership with fellow UK broadcasters ITV and Channel 4 (who later withdrew from the project), set up 'project kangaroo' to develop an international online streaming service to rival services such as Netflix and Hulu.<sup id="cite_ref-Variety_211-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Variety-211"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-212" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-212"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>207<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the development stages 'Britflix' was touted as a potential name. However, the service eventually launched as <a href="/wiki/BritBox" title="BritBox">BritBox</a> in March 2017. The online platform shows a catalogue of classic BBC and ITV shows, as well as making a number of programmes available shortly after their UK broadcast. As of 2021<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BBC&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, BritBox is available in the UK, the US, Canada, Australia, and, more recently, South Africa, with the potential availability for new markets in the future.<sup id="cite_ref-Variety_211-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Variety-211"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-213" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-213"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-214" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-214"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>209<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-215" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-215"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-216" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-216"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>211<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commercial_activities">Commercial activities</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/BBC_Studios" title="BBC Studios">BBC Studios</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BBC_Television_Centre,_Wood_Lane,_London_W12_-_geograph.org.uk_-_686894.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/BBC_Television_Centre%2C_Wood_Lane%2C_London_W12_-_geograph.org.uk_-_686894.jpg/220px-BBC_Television_Centre%2C_Wood_Lane%2C_London_W12_-_geograph.org.uk_-_686894.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/BBC_Television_Centre%2C_Wood_Lane%2C_London_W12_-_geograph.org.uk_-_686894.jpg/330px-BBC_Television_Centre%2C_Wood_Lane%2C_London_W12_-_geograph.org.uk_-_686894.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/BBC_Television_Centre%2C_Wood_Lane%2C_London_W12_-_geograph.org.uk_-_686894.jpg/440px-BBC_Television_Centre%2C_Wood_Lane%2C_London_W12_-_geograph.org.uk_-_686894.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/BBC_Studios" title="BBC Studios">BBC Studios</a> is headquartered at <a href="/wiki/Television_Centre,_London" title="Television Centre, London">Television Centre</a> (BBC Television's former headquarters) in west London.</figcaption></figure> <p>BBC Studios (formerly <a href="/wiki/BBC_Worldwide" title="BBC Worldwide">BBC Worldwide</a>) is the wholly owned commercial subsidiary of the BBC, responsible for the commercial exploitation of BBC programmes and other properties, including a number of television stations throughout the world. It was formed following the restructuring of its predecessor, BBC Enterprises, in 1995. Prior to this, the selling of BBC television programmes was at first handled in 1958 with the establishment of a business manager post.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_70_years_book_217-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_70_years_book-217"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>212<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This gradually expanded until the establishment of the Television Promotions (later renamed Television Enterprises) department in 1960 under a general manager.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_70_years_book_217-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_70_years_book-217"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>212<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The company owns and administers a number of commercial stations around the world operating in a number of territories and on a number of different platforms. The channel <a href="/wiki/BBC_Entertainment" title="BBC Entertainment">BBC Entertainment</a> shows current and archive entertainment programming to viewers in Europe, Africa, Asia and the Middle East, with the BBC Studios channels <a href="/wiki/BBC_America" title="BBC America">BBC America</a> (Joint venture with <a href="/wiki/AMC_Networks" title="AMC Networks">AMC Networks</a>) and <a href="/wiki/BBC_Canada" title="BBC Canada">BBC Canada</a> (Joint venture with <a href="/wiki/Corus_Entertainment" title="Corus Entertainment">Corus Entertainment</a>) showing similar programming in the North America region and <a href="/wiki/BBC_UKTV" title="BBC UKTV">BBC UKTV</a> in the Australasia region. The company also airs two channels aimed at children, an international <a href="/wiki/CBeebies" title="CBeebies">CBeebies</a> channel and <a href="/wiki/BBC_Kids" title="BBC Kids">BBC Kids</a>, a joint venture with <a href="/wiki/Knowledge_Network" title="Knowledge Network">Knowledge Network Corporation</a>, which airs programmes under the CBeebies and BBC K brands. The company also runs the channels <a href="/wiki/BBC_Knowledge_(international)" title="BBC Knowledge (international)">BBC Knowledge</a>, broadcasting factual and learning programmes, and <a href="/wiki/BBC_Lifestyle" title="BBC Lifestyle">BBC Lifestyle</a>, broadcasting programmes based on themes of Food, Style and Wellbeing. In addition to this, BBC Studios runs an international version of the channel <a href="/wiki/BBC_HD_(international)" title="BBC HD (international)">BBC HD</a>, and provides HD simulcasts of the channels BBC Knowledge and BBC America. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Makosi_Musambasi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Makosi_Musambasi.jpg/220px-Makosi_Musambasi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Makosi_Musambasi.jpg/330px-Makosi_Musambasi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Makosi_Musambasi.jpg/440px-Makosi_Musambasi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1234" data-file-height="1173" /></a><figcaption>The BBC's East Africa bureau in Nairobi, Kenya. It is the broadcaster's biggest bureau outside of the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-218" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-218"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>213<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>BBC Studios also distributes the 24-hour international news channel <a href="/wiki/BBC_News_(international_TV_channel)" title="BBC News (international TV channel)">BBC News</a>. The station is separate from BBC Studios to maintain the station's neutral point of view, but is distributed by BBC Studios. The channel itself is the oldest surviving entity of its kind, and has 50 foreign news bureaus and correspondents in nearly all countries in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-Henery-2010_219-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henery-2010-219"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>214<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As officially surveyed, it is available to more than 294 million households, significantly more than <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>'s estimated 200 million.<sup id="cite_ref-Henery-2010_219-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henery-2010-219"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>214<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to these international channels, BBC Studios also owns the <a href="/wiki/UKTV" title="UKTV">UKTV</a> network of seven channels. These channels contain BBC archive programming to be rebroadcast on their respective channels: <a href="/wiki/Alibi_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alibi (TV channel)">Alibi</a>, crime dramas; <a href="/wiki/Dave_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dave (TV channel)">Dave</a> (slogan: "The Home of Witty Banter"); <a href="/wiki/Drama_(British_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Drama (British TV channel)">Drama</a>, drama, launched in 2013; <a href="/wiki/Eden_(British_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eden (British TV channel)">Eden</a>, nature; <a href="/wiki/Gold_(British_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold (British TV channel)">Gold</a>, comedy; <a href="/wiki/W_(British_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="W (British TV channel)">W</a>, Entertainment; and <a href="/wiki/Yesterday_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yesterday (TV channel)">Yesterday</a>, history programming. </p><p>In addition to these channels, many BBC programmes are sold via BBC Studios to foreign television stations with comedy, documentaries, crime dramas (such as <i><a href="/wiki/Luther_(TV_series)" title="Luther (TV series)">Luther</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Peaky_Blinders_(TV_series)" title="Peaky Blinders (TV series)">Peaky Blinders</a></i>) and <a href="/wiki/Historical_drama" title="Historical drama">historical drama</a> productions being the most popular. The BBC's most successful reality television show format, <i><a href="/wiki/Strictly_Come_Dancing" title="Strictly Come Dancing">Strictly Come Dancing</a></i>—under the title <i>Dancing with the Stars</i>—has been exported to 60 other countries.<sup id="cite_ref-220" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-220"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>215<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-221" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-221"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>216<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, BBC television news appears nightly on many <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> stations in the United States, as do reruns of BBC programmes such as <i><a href="/wiki/EastEnders" title="EastEnders">EastEnders</a></i>, and in New Zealand on <a href="/wiki/TVNZ_1" title="TVNZ 1">TVNZ 1</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Radio_Times_-_1931-12-18_-_front_cover.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Radio_Times_-_1931-12-18_-_front_cover.png/170px-Radio_Times_-_1931-12-18_-_front_cover.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Radio_Times_-_1931-12-18_-_front_cover.png/255px-Radio_Times_-_1931-12-18_-_front_cover.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Radio_Times_-_1931-12-18_-_front_cover.png/340px-Radio_Times_-_1931-12-18_-_front_cover.png 2x" data-file-width="942" data-file-height="1210" /></a><figcaption>The 1931 Christmas issue of the <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_Times" title="Radio Times">Radio Times</a></i>, a weekly listings magazine, first published by the BBC, devoted to UK television and radio programme schedules.</figcaption></figure> <p>In addition to programming, BBC Studios produces material to accompany programmes. The company maintained the publishing arm of the BBC, BBC Magazines, which published the <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_Times" title="Radio Times">Radio Times</a></i>; first published by the BBC on 28 September 1923, it is the world's first broadcast listings magazine.<sup id="cite_ref-222" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-222"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>217<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The magazine covers all British television and radio programming schedules. The 1988 Christmas edition of the <i>Radio Times</i> sold 11,220,666 copies, which the <i><a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a></i> certified as the biggest-selling edition of any British magazine in history.<sup id="cite_ref-223" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-223"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>218<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other magazines that support BBC programming include <i><a href="/wiki/Top_Gear_(magazine)" title="Top Gear (magazine)">BBC Top Gear</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_Good_Food" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Good Food">BBC Good Food</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sky_at_Night" title="The Sky at Night">BBC Sky at Night</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_History" title="BBC History">BBC History</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_Wildlife" title="BBC Wildlife">BBC Wildlife</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_Music_Magazine" title="BBC Music Magazine">BBC Music</a></i>. BBC Magazines was sold to Exponent Private Equity in 2011, which merged it with Origin Publishing (previously owned by BBC Worldwide between 2004 and 2006) to form <a href="/wiki/Immediate_Media_Company" title="Immediate Media Company">Immediate Media Company</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-224" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-224"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>BBC Studios also publishes books, to accompany programmes such as <i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who" title="Doctor Who">Doctor Who</a></i> under the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Books" title="BBC Books">BBC Books</a> brand, a publishing imprint majority owned by <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>. Soundtrack albums, talking books and sections of radio broadcasts are also sold under the brand <a href="/wiki/BBC_Records" title="BBC Records">BBC Records</a>, with DVDs also being sold and licensed in large quantities to consumers both in the UK and abroad under the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Studios_Home_Entertainment" title="BBC Studios Home Entertainment">BBC Studios Home Entertainment</a> brand. Archive programming and classical music recordings are sold under the brand BBC Legends.<sup id="cite_ref-225" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-225"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>220<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_significance">Cultural significance</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_world%27s_first_regular_high_definition_television_service_was_inaugurated_here_by_the_BBC_2_November_1936.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/The_world%27s_first_regular_high_definition_television_service_was_inaugurated_here_by_the_BBC_2_November_1936.jpg/180px-The_world%27s_first_regular_high_definition_television_service_was_inaugurated_here_by_the_BBC_2_November_1936.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/The_world%27s_first_regular_high_definition_television_service_was_inaugurated_here_by_the_BBC_2_November_1936.jpg/270px-The_world%27s_first_regular_high_definition_television_service_was_inaugurated_here_by_the_BBC_2_November_1936.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/The_world%27s_first_regular_high_definition_television_service_was_inaugurated_here_by_the_BBC_2_November_1936.jpg/360px-The_world%27s_first_regular_high_definition_television_service_was_inaugurated_here_by_the_BBC_2_November_1936.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Blue_plaque" title="Blue plaque">Blue plaque</a> at <a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Palace" title="Alexandra Palace">Alexandra Palace</a>, commemorating the launch of the world's first high-definition television service, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Television" title="BBC Television">BBC Television</a>, in 1936</figcaption></figure> <p>Until the development, popularisation, and domination of television, radio was the broadcast medium upon which people in the United Kingdom relied. It "reached into every home in the land, and simultaneously united the nation, an important factor during the Second World War".<sup id="cite_ref-Perry_226-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perry-226"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>221<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The BBC introduced the world's first "high-definition" 405-line television service in 1936. It suspended its television service during the Second World War and until 1946, but remained the only television broadcaster in the UK until 1955, when Independent Television (ITV) began operating.<sup id="cite_ref-Perry16_227-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perry16-227"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>222<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This heralded the transformation of television into a popular and dominant medium. Nevertheless, "throughout the 1950s radio still remained the dominant source of broadcast comedy".<sup id="cite_ref-Perry16_227-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perry16-227"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>222<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further, the BBC was the only legal radio broadcaster until 1968 (when <a href="/wiki/University_Radio_York" title="University Radio York">University Radio York</a> obtained its first licence).<sup id="cite_ref-228" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-228"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>223<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:David_Attenborough_at_Great_Barrier_Reef.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/David_Attenborough_at_Great_Barrier_Reef.jpg/220px-David_Attenborough_at_Great_Barrier_Reef.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/David_Attenborough_at_Great_Barrier_Reef.jpg/330px-David_Attenborough_at_Great_Barrier_Reef.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/David_Attenborough_at_Great_Barrier_Reef.jpg/440px-David_Attenborough_at_Great_Barrier_Reef.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="319" /></a><figcaption>The nature documentaries of <a href="/wiki/David_Attenborough" title="David Attenborough">David Attenborough</a>, such as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Planet" title="The Blue Planet">The Blue Planet</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Planet_Earth_(2006_TV_series)" title="Planet Earth (2006 TV series)">Planet Earth</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Life_on_Earth_(TV_series)" title="Life on Earth (TV series)">Life on Earth</a></i>, are produced by the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Studios_Natural_History_Unit" title="BBC Studios Natural History Unit">BBC Studios Natural History Unit</a>, the largest wildlife documentary production house in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-229" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-229"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>224<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Despite the advent of commercial television and radio, with competition from ITV, Channel 4 and <a href="/wiki/Sky_UK" title="Sky UK">Sky</a>, the BBC has remained one of the main elements in British popular culture through its obligation to produce TV and radio programmes for mass audiences.<sup id="cite_ref-Public_service_230-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Public_service-230"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>225<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-231" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-231"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the arrival of BBC2 allowed the BBC also to make programmes for minority interests in drama, documentaries, current affairs, entertainment, and sport. Examples cited include the television series <i><a href="/wiki/Civilisation_(TV_series)" title="Civilisation (TV series)">Civilisation</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who" title="Doctor Who">Doctor Who</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/I,_Claudius_(TV_series)" title="I, Claudius (TV series)">I, Claudius</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus" title="Monty Python's Flying Circus">Monty Python's Flying Circus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Pot_Black" title="Pot Black">Pot Black</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Tonight_(1957_TV_programme)" title="Tonight (1957 TV programme)">Tonight</a></i>, but other examples can be given in each of these fields as shown by the BBC's entries in the <a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute" title="British Film Institute">British Film Institute</a>'s 2000 list of the <a href="/wiki/BFI_TV_100" title="BFI TV 100">BFI TV 100</a>, with the BBC's 1970s sitcom <i><a href="/wiki/Fawlty_Towers" title="Fawlty Towers">Fawlty Towers</a></i> (featuring <a href="/wiki/John_Cleese" title="John Cleese">John Cleese</a> as <a href="/wiki/Basil_Fawlty" title="Basil Fawlty">Basil Fawlty</a>) topping the list.<sup id="cite_ref-tv100_232-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tv100-232"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>227<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Top_of_the_Pops" title="Top of the Pops">Top of the Pops</a></i>, the world's longest-running weekly music show, first aired in January 1964, The Rolling Stones being the first performers on it.<sup id="cite_ref-233" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-233"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>228<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On air since 22 August 1964, <i><a href="/wiki/Match_of_the_Day" title="Match of the Day">Match of the Day</a></i> is broadcast on Saturday nights during the <a href="/wiki/Premier_League" title="Premier League">Premier League</a> season.<sup id="cite_ref-234" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-234"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>229<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some BBC shows have had a direct impact on society. For example, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_British_Bake_Off" title="The Great British Bake Off">The Great British Bake Off</a></i> is credited with reinvigorating interest in baking throughout the UK, with stores reporting sharp rises in sales of baking ingredients and accessories.<sup id="cite_ref-235" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-235"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>230<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The export of BBC programmes through services like the <a href="/wiki/BBC_World_Service" title="BBC World Service">BBC World Service</a> and <a href="/wiki/BBC_News_(international_TV_channel)" title="BBC News (international TV channel)">BBC News</a>, as well as through the channels operated by <a href="/wiki/BBC_Studios" title="BBC Studios">BBC Studios</a>, means that audiences can consume BBC productions worldwide. Long-running BBC shows include: <i><a href="/wiki/Desert_Island_Discs" title="Desert Island Discs">Desert Island Discs</a></i>, broadcast on radio since 1942; <i><a href="/wiki/Panorama_(British_TV_programme)" title="Panorama (British TV programme)">Panorama</a></i>, broadcast on BBC television since 1953 it is the world's longest-running news television programme.<sup id="cite_ref-236" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-236"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>231<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BAFTA_Mask_and_BBC_Logo_(2008).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/BAFTA_Mask_and_BBC_Logo_%282008%29.jpg/170px-BAFTA_Mask_and_BBC_Logo_%282008%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/BAFTA_Mask_and_BBC_Logo_%282008%29.jpg/255px-BAFTA_Mask_and_BBC_Logo_%282008%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/BAFTA_Mask_and_BBC_Logo_%282008%29.jpg/340px-BAFTA_Mask_and_BBC_Logo_%282008%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2136" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/British_Academy_of_Film_and_Television_Arts" title="British Academy of Film and Television Arts">BAFTA</a> (British Academy of Film and Television Arts) mask and the BBC logo. The BBC broadcasts BAFTA's <a href="/wiki/British_Academy_Film_Awards" title="British Academy Film Awards">film</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_Academy_Television_Awards" title="British Academy Television Awards">television</a> award ceremonies.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/British_Academy_Film_Awards" title="British Academy Film Awards">British Academy Film Awards</a> (BAFTAs) was first broadcast on the BBC in 1956, with <a href="/wiki/Vivien_Leigh" title="Vivien Leigh">Vivien Leigh</a> as the host.<sup id="cite_ref-237" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-237"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>232<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The television equivalent, the <a href="/wiki/British_Academy_Television_Awards" title="British Academy Television Awards">British Academy Television Awards</a>, has been screened exclusively on the BBC since a <a href="/wiki/2007_British_Academy_Television_Awards" title="2007 British Academy Television Awards">2007 awards ceremony</a> that included wins for <a href="/wiki/Jim_Broadbent" title="Jim Broadbent">Jim Broadbent</a> (Best actor) and <a href="/wiki/Ricky_Gervais" title="Ricky Gervais">Ricky Gervais</a> (Best comedy performance).<sup id="cite_ref-238" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-238"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>233<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term "BBC English" was used as an alternative name for <a href="/wiki/Received_Pronunciation" title="Received Pronunciation">Received Pronunciation</a>, and the <i>English Pronouncing Dictionary</i> uses the term "BBC Pronunciation" to label its recommendations.<sup id="cite_ref-239" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-239"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>234<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the BBC itself now makes more use of <a href="/wiki/Regional_accents_of_English" title="Regional accents of English">regional accents</a> in order to reflect the diversity of the UK, while continuing to expect clarity and fluency of its presenters.<sup id="cite_ref-accents_240-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-accents-240"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>235<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From its "starchy" beginnings, the BBC has also become more inclusive, and now attempts to accommodate the interests of all strata of society and all minorities, because they all pay the licence fee.<sup id="cite_ref-diversityPolicy_241-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-diversityPolicy-241"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>236<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colloquial_terms">Colloquial terms</h3></div> <p>Older domestic UK audiences often refer to the BBC as "the Beeb", a nickname originally coined by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Sellers" title="Peter Sellers">Peter Sellers</a> on <i><a href="/wiki/The_Goon_Show" title="The Goon Show">The Goon Show</a></i> in the 1950s, when he referred to the "Beeb Beeb Ceeb". It was then borrowed, shortened and popularised by radio DJ <a href="/wiki/Kenny_Everett" title="Kenny Everett">Kenny Everett</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-242" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-242"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>237<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/David_Bowie" title="David Bowie">David Bowie</a>'s recording sessions at the BBC were released as <i><a href="/wiki/Bowie_at_the_Beeb" title="Bowie at the Beeb">Bowie at the Beeb</a></i>, while <a href="/wiki/Queen_(band)" title="Queen (band)">Queen</a>'s recording sessions with the BBC were released as <i><a href="/wiki/At_the_Beeb_(Queen_album)" class="mw-redirect" title="At the Beeb (Queen album)">At the Beeb</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-243" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-243"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>238<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another nickname, now less commonly used, is "Auntie", said to originate from the old-fashioned "Auntie knows best" attitude, or the idea of aunties and uncles who are present in the background of one's life (but possibly a reference to the "aunties" and "uncles" who presented children's programmes in the early days)<sup id="cite_ref-244" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-244"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>239<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the days when John Reith, the BBC's first director general, was in charge. The term "Auntie" for the BBC is often credited to radio disc-jockey <a href="/wiki/Jack_Jackson_(radio_personality)" title="Jack Jackson (radio personality)">Jack Jackson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jackson_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jackson-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the BBC the song "<a href="/wiki/Auntie_(song)" title="Auntie (song)">Auntie</a>" was released in 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-245" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-245"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>240<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also featured in the title of the BBC's blooper show, <i><a href="/wiki/Auntie%27s_Bloomers" title="Auntie's Bloomers">Auntie's Bloomers</a></i>, which was presented by <a href="/wiki/Terry_Wogan" title="Terry Wogan">Terry Wogan</a> from 1991 to 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-246" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-246"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>241<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two nicknames have also been used together as "Auntie Beeb".<sup id="cite_ref-247" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-247"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>242<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Logo_and_symbols">Logo and symbols</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Logos">Logos</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Logo_of_the_BBC" title="Logo of the BBC">Logo of the BBC</a></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 70px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BBC_logo_(50s-60s).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="BBC's first three-box logo used from 1958 until 1963[243]"><img alt="BBC's first three-box logo used from 1958 until 1963." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/BBC_logo_%2850s-60s%29.svg/120px-BBC_logo_%2850s-60s%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/BBC_logo_%2850s-60s%29.svg/180px-BBC_logo_%2850s-60s%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/BBC_logo_%2850s-60s%29.svg/240px-BBC_logo_%2850s-60s%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="100" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">BBC's first three-box logo used from 1958 until 1963<sup id="cite_ref-248" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-248"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>243<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 70px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BBC_1_logo_1963.png" class="mw-file-description" title="BBC's second three-box logo used from 1963 until 1971[244]"><img alt="BBC's second three-box logo used from 1963 until 1971." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/BBC_1_logo_1963.png/120px-BBC_1_logo_1963.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/BBC_1_logo_1963.png/180px-BBC_1_logo_1963.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/BBC_1_logo_1963.png/240px-BBC_1_logo_1963.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="83" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">BBC's second three-box logo used from 1963 until 1971<sup id="cite_ref-tvark_249-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tvark-249"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>244<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 70px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BBC_logo_(80s).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="BBC's third three-box logo used from 1971 until 1988[244]"><img alt="BBC's third three-box logo used from 1971 until 1988." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/BBC_logo_%2880s%29.svg/120px-BBC_logo_%2880s%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/BBC_logo_%2880s%29.svg/180px-BBC_logo_%2880s%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/BBC_logo_%2880s%29.svg/240px-BBC_logo_%2880s%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="345" data-file-height="99" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">BBC's third three-box logo used from 1971 until 1988<sup id="cite_ref-tvark_249-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tvark-249"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>244<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 70px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BBC_logo_(pre97).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="BBC's fourth three-box logo used from 1988 until 1998[245]"><img alt="BBC's fourth three-box logo used from 1988 until 1997." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/BBC_logo_%28pre97%29.svg/120px-BBC_logo_%28pre97%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/BBC_logo_%28pre97%29.svg/180px-BBC_logo_%28pre97%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/BBC_logo_%28pre97%29.svg/240px-BBC_logo_%28pre97%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="770" data-file-height="235" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">BBC's fourth three-box logo used from 1988 until 1998<sup id="cite_ref-bbclogo_250-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbclogo-250"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>245<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 70px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BBC_logo_(1997-2021).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="BBC's fifth three-box logo used from 1997 to 2021[245][246]"><img alt="BBC's fifth three-box logo used since 1997." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/BBC_logo_%281997-2021%29.svg/120px-BBC_logo_%281997-2021%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/BBC_logo_%281997-2021%29.svg/180px-BBC_logo_%281997-2021%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/BBC_logo_%281997-2021%29.svg/240px-BBC_logo_%281997-2021%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="285" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">BBC's fifth three-box logo used from 1997 to 2021<sup id="cite_ref-bbclogo_250-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbclogo-250"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>245<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Media_centre_251-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Media_centre-251"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>246<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 70px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BBC_Logo_2021.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="BBC's sixth and current three-box logo used since 2021[246]"><img alt="BBC's sixth and current three-box logo used since 2021." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/BBC_Logo_2021.svg/120px-BBC_Logo_2021.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/BBC_Logo_2021.svg/180px-BBC_Logo_2021.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/BBC_Logo_2021.svg/240px-BBC_Logo_2021.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">BBC's sixth and current three-box logo used since 2021<sup id="cite_ref-Media_centre_251-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Media_centre-251"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>246<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coat_of_arms">Coat of arms</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_BBC" title="Coat of arms of the BBC">Coat of arms of the BBC</a></div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="max-width: 100%"> <caption class="nowrap">Coat of arms of the British Broadcasting Corporation </caption> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 220px;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_BBC.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Coat_of_Arms_BBC.svg/220px-Coat_of_Arms_BBC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Coat_of_Arms_BBC.svg/330px-Coat_of_Arms_BBC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Coat_of_Arms_BBC.svg/440px-Coat_of_Arms_BBC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1074" data-file-height="1105" /></a></span> </td> <td style="min-width:175px;"> <dl><dt>Adopted</dt> <dd>1927</dd> <dt>Crest</dt> <dd>On a Wreath of the Colours, a Lion passant Or, grasping in the dexter fore-paw a Thunderbolt proper.<sup id="cite_ref-Briggs_252-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Briggs-252"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>247<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Torse</dt> <dd>A Wreath of the Colours<sup id="cite_ref-Briggs_252-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Briggs-252"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>247<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Supporters</dt> <dd>On either side an Eagle, wings addorsed proper collared Azure pendant therefrom a Bugle horn stringed Or.<sup id="cite_ref-Briggs_252-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Briggs-252"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>247<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Motto</dt> <dd>Nation shall speak peace unto Nation<sup id="cite_ref-Briggs_252-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Briggs-252"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>247<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Other elements</dt> <dd>Badge – A Thunderbolt proper thereon a Pellet inscribed with the letters BBC Or.<sup id="cite_ref-Briggs_252-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Briggs-252"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>247<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_BBC" title="Criticism of the BBC">Criticism of the BBC</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_controversies" title="BBC controversies">BBC controversies</a>, and <a href="/wiki/BBC_independence" title="BBC independence">BBC independence</a></div> <p>Throughout its existence, the BBC has faced numerous accusations regarding many topics: the <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">Iraq war</a>, politics, ethics and religion, as well as funding and staffing. It also has been involved in numerous controversies because of its coverage of specific news stories and programming. In October 2014, the BBC Trust issued the "BBC complaints framework",<sup id="cite_ref-BBCComplaintsFW_253-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCComplaintsFW-253"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>248<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> outlining complaints and appeals procedures. However, the regulatory oversight of the BBC may be transferred to <a href="/wiki/Ofcom" title="Ofcom">Ofcom</a>. The British "<a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a> Select Committee on Culture Media and Sport" recommended in its report "The Future of the BBC",<sup id="cite_ref-254" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-254"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>249<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that OFCOM should become the final arbiter of complaints made about the BBC.<sup id="cite_ref-TrustToOfcom_255-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TrustToOfcom-255"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>250<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Claims_of_liberal_and_left-wing_bias">Claims of liberal and left-wing bias</h3></div> <p>The BBC has long faced accusations of <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">left-wing</a> bias.<sup id="cite_ref-256" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-256"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>251<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Accusations of a bias against the <a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Margaret_Thatcher" title="Premiership of Margaret Thatcher">Premiership of Margaret Thatcher</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a> were often made against the BBC by members of that government, with <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a> herself considering the broadcaster's news coverage to be biased and irresponsible.<sup id="cite_ref-257" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-257"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>252<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Sissons" title="Peter Sissons">Peter Sissons</a>, a main news presenter at the BBC from 1989 to 2009, said that "at the core of the BBC, in its very DNA, is a way of thinking that is firmly of the Left".<sup id="cite_ref-258" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-258"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>253<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another BBC presenter, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Marr" title="Andrew Marr">Andrew Marr</a>, commented that "the BBC is not impartial or neutral. It has a liberal bias, not so much a party-political bias. It is better expressed as a cultural liberal bias." Former BBC director <a href="/wiki/Roger_Mosey" title="Roger Mosey">Roger Mosey</a> classified it as "liberal defensive."<sup id="cite_ref-259" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-259"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>254<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-260" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-260"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>255<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-261" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-261"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>256<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, the BBC chairman, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Sharp_(banker)" title="Richard Sharp (banker)">Richard Sharp</a>, acknowledged that "the BBC does have a liberal bias", and added that "the institution is fighting against it".<sup id="cite_ref-262" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-262"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>257<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Claims_of_right-wing_bias">Claims of right-wing bias</h3></div> <p>Writing for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>, the left-wing columnist <a href="/wiki/Owen_Jones" title="Owen Jones">Owen Jones</a> stated "the truth is the BBC is stacked full of rightwingers,"<sup id="cite_ref-263" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-263"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>258<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and cited as an example of bias its employment of "ultra-<a href="/wiki/Thatcherism" title="Thatcherism">Thatcherite</a>" <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Neil" title="Andrew Neil">Andrew Neil</a> as a politics presenter.<sup id="cite_ref-264" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-264"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>259<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2018 opinion poll by BMG Research found that 40% of the British public think that the BBC is politically partisan, with a nearly even split between those that believe it leans to the left or right.<sup id="cite_ref-economist-20190109_265-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-economist-20190109-265"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>260<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Claims_of_anti-Iranian_bias">Claims of anti-Iranian bias</h3></div> <p>According to Massoumeh Torfeh of the <a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a>, "<a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">conspiracy theorists</a> in Iran, led by the Supreme Leader <a href="/wiki/Ali_Khamenei" title="Ali Khamenei">Ali Khamenei</a>, still regard the BBC as an instrument of British political machinations".<sup id="cite_ref-266" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-266"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>261<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Minister of Culture <a href="/wiki/Hossein_Saffar_Harandi" title="Hossein Saffar Harandi">Hossein Saffar Harandi</a> declared <a href="/wiki/BBC_Persian_Television" title="BBC Persian Television">BBC Persian Television</a> illegal in 2009, citing "the BBC's history of creating chaos in Iran, and its efforts to set the various strata of Iranian society against each other".<sup id="cite_ref-267" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-267"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>262<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, Intelligence Minister <a href="/wiki/Heydar_Moslehi" title="Heydar Moslehi">Heydar Moslehi</a> said the BBC's real identity was "<a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a> and Zionist" and he accused it of helping direct the <a href="/wiki/2009_Iranian_presidential_election_protests" title="2009 Iranian presidential election protests">2009 Iranian presidential election protests</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-268" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-268"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>263<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/BBC_Persian" title="BBC Persian">BBC Persian</a> journalists have faced online attacks allegedly linked to Iran's government,<sup id="cite_ref-269" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-269"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>264<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-270" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-270"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>265<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which has led the BBC to file 4 complaints to the UN addressing the issue.<sup id="cite_ref-271" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-271"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>266<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2021 poll from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland_School_of_Public_Policy" title="University of Maryland School of Public Policy">University of Maryland School of Public Policy</a> had fewer respondents in Iran rating news from the BBC as accurate, compared to news from domestic TV and social media.<sup id="cite_ref-272" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-272"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>267<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-273" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-273"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>268<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Labelling_of_shooters_in_Mumbai_attacks">Labelling of shooters in Mumbai attacks</h3></div> <p>In 2008, for its reporting on the 164 murdered and 300+ injured in the <a href="/wiki/2008_Mumbai_attacks" title="2008 Mumbai attacks">2008 Mumbai attacks</a>, the BBC was criticised by some for referring to the murderers from the Pakistani <a href="/wiki/Lashkar-e-Taiba" title="Lashkar-e-Taiba">Lashkar-e-Taiba</a> – long <a href="/wiki/List_of_designated_terrorist_groups" title="List of designated terrorist groups">designated a terrorist group</a> by numerous countries – as "gunmen" rather than "terrorists".<sup id="cite_ref-274" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-274"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>269<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-275" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-275"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>270<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In protest against the use of the word "gunmen" by the BBC, journalist <a href="/wiki/M._J._Akbar" title="M. J. Akbar">Mobashar Jawed "M.J." Akbar</a> refused to take part in an interview following the <a href="/wiki/2008_Mumbai_attacks" title="2008 Mumbai attacks">Mumbai terror attacks</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-276" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-276"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>271<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and criticised the BBC's reportage of the incident.<sup id="cite_ref-277" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-277"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>272<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> British parliamentarian <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Pound" title="Stephen Pound">Stephen Pound</a> supported these claims, referring to the BBC's whitewashing of the terror attacks as "the worst sort of mealy mouthed posturing. It is desperation to avoid causing offence which ultimately causes more offence to everyone."<sup id="cite_ref-278" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-278"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>273<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Participation_by_presenter_in_opposition_movement">Participation by presenter in opposition movement</h3></div> <p>A BBC World Service newsreader who presented a daily show produced for <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a> was claimed to have participated in an opposition movement with the goal of overthrowing the government led by president <a href="/wiki/Kurmanbek_Bakiyev" title="Kurmanbek Bakiyev">Kurmanbek Bakiyev</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-279" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-279"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>274<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The BBC presenter resigned from his post in 2010 once the allegations of his participation in the <a href="/wiki/2010_Kyrgyz_Revolution" title="2010 Kyrgyz Revolution">revolution</a> became public.<sup id="cite_ref-280" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-280"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>275<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coverage_of_China">Coverage of China</h3></div> <p>In February 2021, following Ofcom's decision to cancel the licence of <a href="/wiki/China_Global_Television_Network" title="China Global Television Network">China Global Television Network</a> (CGTN) and the BBC's coverage of the persecution of ethnic minority Uighurs in China, the Chinese authorities banned BBC World News from broadcasting in the country. According to a statement from China's National Radio and Television Administration (NRTA), BBC World News reports on China "infringed the principles of truthfulness and impartiality in journalism" and also "harmed China's national interests".<sup id="cite_ref-281" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-281"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>276<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/RTHK" title="RTHK">Radio Television Hong Kong</a> (RTHK) suspended BBC World News the day after the ban took effect on the mainland.<sup id="cite_ref-282" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-282"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>277<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tax_liabilities_in_India_and_coverage_of_India">Tax liabilities in India and coverage of India</h3></div> <p>In 2023, the BBC's offices in New Delhi were searched by officials from the Income Tax Department. The move came after the BBC released a documentary on Indian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a>. The documentary investigated Modi's role in the <a href="/wiki/2002_Gujarat_riots" title="2002 Gujarat riots">2002 Gujarat riots</a>, which resulted in more than 1,000 deaths. The Indian Government banned viewing of the documentary in India and restricted clips of the documentary on social media.<sup id="cite_ref-283" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-283"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>278<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the BBC accused the Modi government of press intimidation by referring to reports of various organisations such as Amnesty International and Reporters Without Border, in June 2023, the BBC acknowledged that they had underpaid tax liabilities in India.<sup id="cite_ref-284" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-284"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>279<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-285" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-285"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>280<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-286" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-286"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>281<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/BBC_Logo_2021.svg/32px-BBC_Logo_2021.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/BBC_Logo_2021.svg/48px-BBC_Logo_2021.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/BBC_Logo_2021.svg/64px-BBC_Logo_2021.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="160" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:BBC" title="Portal:BBC">BBC portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank_television_set.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/32px-Blank_television_set.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/48px-Blank_television_set.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/64px-Blank_television_set.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="92" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Television" title="Portal:Television">Television portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">United Kingdom portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_broadcasting_in_Scotland" title="Gaelic broadcasting in Scotland">Gaelic broadcasting in Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Green_Book_(BBC)" title="The Green Book (BBC)">The Green Book (BBC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_BBC_television_channels_and_radio_stations" title="List of BBC television channels and radio stations">List of BBC television channels and radio stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_based_in_London" title="List of companies based in London">List of companies based in London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_programmes_broadcast_by_the_BBC" title="List of television programmes broadcast by the BBC">List of television programmes broadcast by the BBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_BBC_podcasts" title="List of BBC podcasts">List of BBC podcasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prewar_television_stations" title="Prewar television stations">Prewar television stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_service_broadcasting_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Public service broadcasting in the United Kingdom">Public service broadcasting in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quango" title="Quango">Quango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Television in the United Kingdom">Television in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><span class="selfreference"><a href="/wiki/Special:PrefixIndex/BBC" title="Special:PrefixIndex/BBC">All pages with titles beginning with <i>BBC</i></a></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As of 2023, the State Media Monitor considers the BBC as an "Independent Public" broadcaster,<sup id="cite_ref-State_Media_Monitor_–_The_worlds_state_and_public_media_database_x291_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-State_Media_Monitor_–_The_worlds_state_and_public_media_database_x291-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the highest level of independence given among a ranking of <a href="/wiki/State_media" title="State media">state media</a> outlets.<sup id="cite_ref-State_Media_Monitor_–_The_worlds_state_and_public_media_database_h274_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-State_Media_Monitor_–_The_worlds_state_and_public_media_database_h274-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The BBC itself wrote on the matter (in about 2005) that it can not "express its own editorial opinion about current affairs or matters of public policy", and that that "is not to say, of course, that controversial programmes are never broadcast, but great care is taken to ensure that arguments are well balanced."<sup id="cite_ref-BBCon_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCon-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">BBC Three ceased broadcasting as a linear television channel in February 2016 but returned to television in February 2022.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-State_Media_Monitor_–_The_worlds_state_and_public_media_database_x291-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-State_Media_Monitor_–_The_worlds_state_and_public_media_database_x291_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statemediamonitor.com/2023/09/british-broadcasting-corporation-bbc/">"British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)"</a>. <i>State Media Monitor</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=State+Media+Monitor&rft.atitle=British+Broadcasting+Corporation+%28BBC%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatemediamonitor.com%2F2023%2F09%2Fbritish-broadcasting-corporation-bbc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-State_Media_Monitor_–_The_worlds_state_and_public_media_database_h274-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-State_Media_Monitor_–_The_worlds_state_and_public_media_database_h274_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statemediamonitor.com/2022/05/typology/">"Typology"</a>. <i>State Media Monitor</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=State+Media+Monitor&rft.atitle=Typology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatemediamonitor.com%2F2022%2F05%2Ftypology%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span>: The State Media Monitor differentiates between seven different degrees of state media outlets: 1. Independent Public Media; 2. Independent State Managed/Owned Media; 3. Independent State Funded Media; 4. Independent State Funded and State Managed/Owned Media; 5. Captured Private Media; 6. Captured Public or State Managed/Owned Media; 7. State Controlled Media</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2023-24-accounts-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2023-24-accounts_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2023-24-accounts_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2023-24-accounts_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2023-24-accounts_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2023-24-accounts_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2023-24-accounts_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/documents/ara-2023-24.pdf">"BBC Group Annual Report and Accounts 2023/24"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. BBC. 24 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+Annual+Report+%26+Accounts+2008%2F9%3A+Financial+Performance&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fannualreport%2Ftrust%2Foverview%2Ffinan_perf.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TVLic-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TVLic_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100129041323/http://www.tvlicensing.co.uk/about/legislation-and-policy-AB9#link1">"Legislation and policy"</a>. <i>TV Licensing</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TV+Licensing&rft.atitle=Legislation+and+policy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tvlicensing.co.uk%2Fabout%2Flegislation-and-policy-AB9%2F%23link1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TVLic2-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TVLic2_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100907023331/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/keyfacts/stories/licencefee.shtml">"TV Licence Fee: facts & figures"</a> (Press release). BBC Press Office. 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/keyfacts/stories/licencefee.shtml">the original</a> on 7 September 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TV+Licence+Fee%3A+facts+%26+figures&rft.pub=BBC+Press+Office&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fpressoffice%2Fkeyfacts%2Fstories%2Flicencefee.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2016" class="citation news cs1">Williams, Christopher (20 December 2016). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2016/12/20/bbc-studios-wins-go-ahead-commercial-production-push/">"BBC Studios wins go-ahead for commercial production push"</a></span>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2016/12/20/bbc-studios-wins-go-ahead-commercial-production-push/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=BBC+Studios+wins+go-ahead+for+commercial+production+push&rft.date=2016-12-20&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fbusiness%2F2016%2F12%2F20%2Fbbc-studios-wins-go-ahead-commercial-production-push%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/worldnews/2015/global-news-ltd-be-everywhere">"BBC Global News Ltd to Be Everywhere"</a> (Press release). BBC Media Centre. June 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231019114700/https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/worldnews/2015/global-news-ltd-be-everywhere">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+Global+News+Ltd+to+Be+Everywhere&rft.pub=BBC+Media+Centre&rft.date=2015-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fmediacentre%2Fworldnews%2F2015%2Fglobal-news-ltd-be-everywhere&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShearman2009" class="citation news cs1">Shearman, Sarah (21 April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mediaweek.co.uk/article/900033/bbc-worldwide-wins-queens-enterprise-award">"BBC Worldwide wins Queen's Enterprise award"</a>. <i>MediaWeek</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060707/http://www.mediaweek.co.uk/article/900033/bbc-worldwide-wins-queens-enterprise-award">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MediaWeek&rft.atitle=BBC+Worldwide+wins+Queen%27s+Enterprise+award&rft.date=2009-04-21&rft.aulast=Shearman&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mediaweek.co.uk%2Farticle%2F900033%2Fbbc-worldwide-wins-queens-enterprise-award&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPotter2022" class="citation book cs1">Potter, Simon J. (2022). <i>This Is the BBC Entertaining the Nation, Speaking for Britain, 1922–2022</i>. Oxford University Press. <q>the significant impact that the BBC has had on the social and cultural history of Britain</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=This+Is+the+BBC+Entertaining+the+Nation%2C+Speaking+for+Britain%2C+1922%E2%80%932022&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2022&rft.aulast=Potter&rft.aufirst=Simon+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jackson-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jackson_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jackson_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/proginfo/2017/08/jack-jackson">"Jack Jackson: Rhythm And Radio Fun Remembered"</a> (Press release). BBC Media Centre. February 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190626051821/https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/proginfo/2017/08/jack-jackson">Archived</a> from the original on 26 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jack+Jackson%3A+Rhythm+And+Radio+Fun+Remembered&rft.pub=BBC+Media+Centre&rft.date=2017-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fmediacentre%2Fproginfo%2F2017%2F08%2Fjack-jackson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/totp2/features/top5/banned_songs.shtml">"Top of the Pops 2 – Top 5"</a>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190626051822/http://www.bbc.co.uk/totp2/features/top5/banned_songs.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 26 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Top+of+the+Pops+2+%E2%80%93+Top+5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Ftotp2%2Ffeatures%2Ftop5%2Fbanned_songs.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RadioTimes_Oldest-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RadioTimes_Oldest_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RadioTimes_Oldest_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lep.co.uk/heritage-and-retro/retro/longest-running-tv-magazine-a-collectors-favourite-3056282">"Longest running TV magazine a collector's favourite"</a>. <i>Lancashire Evening Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lancashire+Evening+Post&rft.atitle=Longest+running+TV+magazine+a+collector%27s+favourite&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lep.co.uk%2Fheritage-and-retro%2Fretro%2Flongest-running-tv-magazine-a-collectors-favourite-3056282&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBriggs1985-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBriggs1985_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBriggs1985_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBriggs1985_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBriggs1985_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBriggs1985">Briggs 1985</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECurranSeaton2018-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurranSeaton2018_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurranSeaton2018_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurranSeaton2018_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurranSeaton2018_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurranSeaton2018_22-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCurranSeaton2018">Curran & Seaton 2018</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/historyofthebbc/timelines/1920s/">"BBC 100: 1920s"</a>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221018065159/https://www.bbc.com/historyofthebbc/timelines/1920s/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=BBC+100%3A+1920s&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fhistoryofthebbc%2Ftimelines%2F1920s%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoctor1999" class="citation book cs1">Doctor, Jennifer Ruth (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CVCtkShvDSkC"><i>The BBC and Ultra-Modern Music, 1922–1936: Shaping a Nation's Tastes</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 402. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521661171" title="Special:BookSources/9780521661171"><bdi>9780521661171</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+BBC+and+Ultra-Modern+Music%2C+1922%E2%80%931936%3A+Shaping+a+Nation%27s+Tastes&rft.pages=402&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780521661171&rft.aulast=Doctor&rft.aufirst=Jennifer+Ruth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCVCtkShvDSkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurns1977" class="citation book cs1">Burns, Tom (1977). <i>The BBC: Public Institution and Private World</i>. Great Britain: The Macmillan Press LTD. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-333-19720-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-333-19720-2"><bdi>978-0-333-19720-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+BBC%3A+Public+Institution+and+Private+World&rft.place=Great+Britain&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=The+Macmillan+Press+LTD&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-333-19720-2&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://old.parliament.uk/business/committees/committees-a-z/lords-select/communications-committee/news-parliament-2015/bbc-charter-review-report-published/">"No need to change BBC's mission to 'inform, educate and entertain'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. UK Parliament. 24 February 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161031154543/https://www.parliament.uk/business/committees/committees-a-z/lords-select/communications-committee/news-parliament-2015/bbc-charter-review-report-published/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=No+need+to+change+BBC%27s+mission+to+%27inform%2C+educate+and+entertain%27&rft.date=2016-02-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fold.parliament.uk%2Fbusiness%2Fcommittees%2Fcommittees-a-z%2Flords-select%2Fcommunications-committee%2Fnews-parliament-2015%2Fbbc-charter-review-report-published%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Company_History-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Company_History_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Company_History_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Company_History_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Company_History_27-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.companieshistory.com/bbc/">"BBC history, profile and history"</a>. <i>CompaniesHistory.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220518190601/https://www.companieshistory.com/bbc/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CompaniesHistory.com&rft.atitle=BBC+history%2C+profile+and+history&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.companieshistory.com%2Fbbc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBriggs1961" class="citation book cs1">Briggs, Asa (1961). <i>The History of Broadcasting in the United Kingdom Volume 1</i>. 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London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221218100055/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2014/aug/18/-sp-bbc-report-facts-impartial">Archived</a> from the original on 18 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=BBC%27s+long+struggle+to+present+the+facts+without+fear+or+favour&rft.date=2014-08-18&rft.aulast=Higgins&rft.aufirst=Charlotte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2014%2Faug%2F18%2F-sp-bbc-report-facts-impartial&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Crook, Tim (2002). "International Radio Journalism". Routledge.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p02d2sm7">"The Man with the Flower in his Mouth"</a>. BBC. 9 October 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181021180342/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p02d2sm7">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Man+with+the+Flower+in+his+Mouth&rft.date=2017-10-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fp02d2sm7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbceng.info/additions/2016/first-scanner-prospero-2010a.pdf">"BBC's first television outside broadcast"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Prospero. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171009223351/http://www.bbceng.info/additions/2016/first-scanner-prospero-2010a.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 9 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=BBC%27s+first+television+outside+broadcast&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbceng.info%2Fadditions%2F2016%2Ffirst-scanner-prospero-2010a.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Motto-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Motto_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnowles2008" class="citation book cs1">Knowles, Elizabeth (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary0000unse_f8b0"><i>The Oxford Dictionary of Modern Quotations</i></a> (Oxford Reference Online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199208951" title="Special:BookSources/9780199208951"><bdi>9780199208951</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+Modern+Quotations&rft.edition=Oxford+Reference+Online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780199208951&rft.aulast=Knowles&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxforddictionary0000unse_f8b0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/C._L._Mowat" title="C. L. Mowat">C. L. Mowat</a>, <i>Britain between the Wars 1918–1940</i> (1955) p 242.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Hendy, "Painting with Sound: The Kaleidoscopic World of Lance Sieveking, a British Radio Modernist," <i>Twentieth Century British History</i> (2013) 24#2 pp 169–200.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mike Huggins, "BBC Radio and Sport 1922–39," <i>Contemporary British History</i> (2007) 21#4 pp 491–515.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHajkowski2010" class="citation book cs1">Hajkowski, Thomas (2010). <i>The BBC and national identity in Britain, 1922–53</i>. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780719079443" title="Special:BookSources/9780719079443"><bdi>9780719079443</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+BBC+and+national+identity+in+Britain%2C+1922%E2%80%9353&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780719079443&rft.aulast=Hajkowski&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Avery-2006-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Avery-2006_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Avery-2006_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAvery2006" class="citation book cs1">Avery, Todd (2006). <i>Radio Modernism</i>. Ashgate Publishing Limited. p. 21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780754655176" title="Special:BookSources/9780754655176"><bdi>9780754655176</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Radio+Modernism&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing+Limited&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780754655176&rft.aulast=Avery&rft.aufirst=Todd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDawkins2016" class="citation journal cs1">Dawkins, Charlie (Spring 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:977bed97-a430-4524-a0dc-1ba68898ba04">"Harold Nicolson, Ulysses, Reithianism"</a>. <i>The Review of English Studies</i>. <b>67</b> (280): 558–578. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fres%2Fhgv063">10.1093/res/hgv063</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0034-6551">0034-6551</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Review+of+English+Studies&rft.atitle=Harold+Nicolson%2C+Ulysses%2C+Reithianism&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=280&rft.pages=558-578&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fres%2Fhgv063&rft.issn=0034-6551&rft.aulast=Dawkins&rft.aufirst=Charlie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fora.ox.ac.uk%2Fobjects%2Fuuid%3A977bed97-a430-4524-a0dc-1ba68898ba04&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoctor1999" class="citation book cs1">Doctor, Jennifer (1999). <i>The BBC and Ultra-Modern Music, 1922–1936: Shaping a Nation's Taste</i>. New York: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521661171" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521661171"><bdi>978-0521661171</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+BBC+and+Ultra-Modern+Music%2C+1922%E2%80%931936%3A+Shaping+a+Nation%27s+Taste&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0521661171&rft.aulast=Doctor&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scanell-1991-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Scanell-1991_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scanell-1991_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scanell-1991_41-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scanell-1991_41-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scanell-1991_41-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scanell-1991_41-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScanellCardiff1991" class="citation book cs1">Scanell, Paddy; Cardiff, David (1991). <i>A Social History of British Broadcasting</i>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Basil Blackwell. p. 75. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0631175438" title="Special:BookSources/978-0631175438"><bdi>978-0631175438</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Social+History+of+British+Broadcasting&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=75&rft.pub=Basil+Blackwell&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0631175438&rft.aulast=Scanell&rft.aufirst=Paddy&rft.au=Cardiff%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-West-1987-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-West-1987_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-West-1987_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-West-1987_42-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-West-1987_42-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWest1987" class="citation book cs1">West, W.J. (1987). <i>Truth Betrayed</i>. London, England: Redwood Burn Limited, Trowbridge. p. 15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0715621820" title="Special:BookSources/978-0715621820"><bdi>978-0715621820</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Truth+Betrayed&rft.place=London%2C+England&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Redwood+Burn+Limited%2C+Trowbridge&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0715621820&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=W.J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Potter-2012-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Potter-2012_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Potter-2012_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Potter-2012_43-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPotter2012" class="citation book cs1">Potter, Simon (2012). <i>Broadcasting Empire</i>. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. p. 85. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199568963" title="Special:BookSources/9780199568963"><bdi>9780199568963</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Broadcasting+Empire&rft.place=Oxford%2C+England&rft.pages=85&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780199568963&rft.aulast=Potter&rft.aufirst=Simon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bbc.com/historyofthebbc//timelines/1920s">"1920s"</a>. <i>bbc.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200516200700/http://bbc.com/historyofthebbc//timelines/1920s">Archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bbc.com&rft.atitle=1920s&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbbc.com%2Fhistoryofthebbc%2F%2Ftimelines%2F1920s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Isaac-Shoenberg">"Sir Isaac Shoenberg, British inventor"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211020205748/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Isaac-Shoenberg">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2021</span>. <q>principal inventor of the first high-definition television system</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Encyclopaedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Sir+Isaac+Shoenberg%2C+British+inventor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FIsaac-Shoenberg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorman1984" class="citation book cs1">Norman, Bruce (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hereslookingatyo0000norm/page/99"><i>Here's Looking at You: The Story of British Television 1908–1939</i></a>. British Broadcasting Corporation. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hereslookingatyo0000norm/page/99">99</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-563-20102-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-563-20102-1"><bdi>978-0-563-20102-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Here%27s+Looking+at+You%3A+The+Story+of+British+Television+1908%E2%80%931939&rft.pages=99&rft.pub=British+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-563-20102-1&rft.aulast=Norman&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhereslookingatyo0000norm%2Fpage%2F99&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>BBC Hand Book</i> (1929), pp. 164, 182, 186</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/c92472a1092345fdbaa66216e8ed9451">"National Programme Daventry, 31 October 1938 20.10: Farewell to Reginald Foort"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_Times" title="Radio Times">Radio Times</a></i>. <b>61</b> (787). BBC. 28 October 1938. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211004180651/https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/c92472a1092345fdbaa66216e8ed9451">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Times&rft.atitle=National+Programme+Daventry%2C+31+October+1938+20.10%3A+Farewell+to+Reginald+Foort&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=787&rft.date=1938-10-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgenome.ch.bbc.co.uk%2Fc92472a1092345fdbaa66216e8ed9451&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/aboutthebbc/entries/41a0eedb-c435-479d-aa63-a89ad81daf01">"Orwell statue unveiled"</a>. <i>About the BBC</i>. 7 November 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171119183632/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/aboutthebbc/entries/41a0eedb-c435-479d-aa63-a89ad81daf01">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=About+the+BBC&rft.atitle=Orwell+statue+unveiled&rft.date=2017-11-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fblogs%2Faboutthebbc%2Fentries%2F41a0eedb-c435-479d-aa63-a89ad81daf01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Christopher H. Sterling (2004). "Encyclopedia of Radio 3-Volume Set". p. 524. Routledge</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/newsnight/8747121.stm">"How de Gaulle speech changed fate of France"</a>. BBC. 4 January 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170831091459/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/newsnight/8747121.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=How+de+Gaulle+speech+changed+fate+of+France&rft.date=2018-01-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fprogrammes%2Fnewsnight%2F8747121.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/childrens-hour--princess-elizabeth/z7wm92p">"Children's Hour: Princess Elizabeth"</a>, <i>BBC Archive</i>, 13 October 1940, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191127053143/https://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/childrens-hour--princess-elizabeth/z7wm92p">archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2022</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+Archive&rft.atitle=Children%27s+Hour%3A+Princess+Elizabeth&rft.date=1940-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Farchive%2Fchildrens-hour--princess-elizabeth%2Fz7wm92p&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nicholas-1996-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nicholas-1996_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nicholas-1996_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nicholas-1996_53-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicholas1996" class="citation book cs1">Nicholas, Sian (1996). <i>The Echo of War</i>. New York, New York: Manchester University Press. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0719046087" title="Special:BookSources/978-0719046087"><bdi>978-0719046087</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Echo+of+War&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0719046087&rft.aulast=Nicholas&rft.aufirst=Sian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cull-1995-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cull-1995_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cull-1995_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCull1995" class="citation book cs1">Cull, Nicholas (1995). <i>Selling War: The British Propaganda Campaign Against American "neutrality" in World War II</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0195111507" title="Special:BookSources/978-0195111507"><bdi>978-0195111507</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Selling+War%3A+The+British+Propaganda+Campaign+Against+American+%22neutrality%22+in+World+War+II&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0195111507&rft.aulast=Cull&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ribeiro-2011-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ribeiro-2011_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ribeiro-2011_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRibeiro2011" class="citation book cs1">Ribeiro, Nelson (2011). <i>BBC Broadcasts to Portugal in World War II</i>. <a href="/wiki/Lewiston,_New_York" title="Lewiston, New York">Lewiston, New York</a>: <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Mellen_Press" title="Edwin Mellen Press">Edwin Mellen Press</a>. p. 63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780773414877" title="Special:BookSources/9780773414877"><bdi>9780773414877</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=BBC+Broadcasts+to+Portugal+in+World+War+II&rft.place=Lewiston%2C+New+York&rft.pages=63&rft.pub=Edwin+Mellen+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780773414877&rft.aulast=Ribeiro&rft.aufirst=Nelson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorriss2015" class="citation journal cs1">Morriss, Agnieszka (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13688804.2015.1077108">"The BBC Polish Service During the Second World War"</a>. <i>Special Issue Research Project Reports</i>. <b>21</b> (4): 459–460. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13688804.2015.1077108">10.1080/13688804.2015.1077108</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Special+Issue+Research+Project+Reports&rft.atitle=The+BBC+Polish+Service+During+the+Second+World+War&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=459-460&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13688804.2015.1077108&rft.aulast=Morriss&rft.aufirst=Agnieszka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F13688804.2015.1077108&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMackay2000" class="citation journal cs1">Mackay, Robert (Fall 2000). "Being Beastly to the Germans: music, censorship and the BBC in World War II". <i>Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television</i>. <b>20</b> (4): 517. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F713669737">10.1080/713669737</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:192078695">192078695</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Historical+Journal+of+Film%2C+Radio+and+Television&rft.atitle=Being+Beastly+to+the+Germans%3A+music%2C+censorship+and+the+BBC+in+World+War+II&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=517&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F713669737&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A192078695%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Mackay&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhittington2018" class="citation book cs1">Whittington, Ian (2018). <i>Writing the Radio War</i>. Edinburgh, Scotland: Edinburgh University Press. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781474413596" title="Special:BookSources/9781474413596"><bdi>9781474413596</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Writing+the+Radio+War&rft.place=Edinburgh%2C+Scotland&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9781474413596&rft.aulast=Whittington&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeighLashmar1985" class="citation news cs1">Leigh, David; Lashmar, Paul (18 August 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridgeclarion.org/press_cuttings/mi5.bbc.page9_obs_18aug1985.html">"The Blacklist in Room 105. Revealed: How MI5 vets BBC staff"</a>. <i>The Observer</i>. p. 9. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190513210628/http://www.cambridgeclarion.org/press_cuttings/mi5.bbc.page9_obs_18aug1985.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Observer&rft.atitle=The+Blacklist+in+Room+105.+Revealed%3A+How+MI5+vets+BBC+staff&rft.pages=9&rft.date=1985-08-18&rft.aulast=Leigh&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Lashmar%2C+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridgeclarion.org%2Fpress_cuttings%2Fmi5.bbc.page9_obs_18aug1985.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hollingsworth-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hollingsworth_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mark Hollingsworth and Richard Norton-Taylor <i>Blacklist: The Inside Story of Political Vetting</i>, London: Hogarth, 1988, p. 103. The relevant extract from the book is <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bilderberg.org/mi5bbc.htm">here</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021004083825/http://bilderberg.org/mi5bbc.htm">Archived</a> 4 October 2002 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSargeant2010" class="citation cs2">Sargeant, Paul (2010), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/ahistoryoftheworld/2010/10/looking-back-at-the-bbc.shtml"><i>Looking Back at the BBC</i></a>, London: BBC, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201222192824/https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/ahistoryoftheworld/2010/10/looking-back-at-the-bbc.shtml">archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2010</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Looking+Back+at+the+BBC&rft.place=London&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Sargeant&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fblogs%2Fahistoryoftheworld%2F2010%2F10%2Flooking-back-at-the-bbc.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraham2005" class="citation web cs1">Graham, Russ J. (31 October 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060718223433/http://www.transdiffusion.org/emc/baird/tvoff.php">"Baird: The edit that rewrote history"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.transdiffusion.org/emc/baird/tvoff.php">the original</a> on 18 July 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Baird%3A+The+edit+that+rewrote+history&rft.date=2005-10-31&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=Russ+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.transdiffusion.org%2Femc%2Fbaird%2Ftvoff.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"BBC Annual Report and Handbook". p. 215. BBC 1985</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/committees_of_enquiry.pdf">"Committees of Enquiry: Pilkington Committee"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 1 June 1962. p. 4. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061012060952/http://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/committees_of_enquiry.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 12 October 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Committees+of+Enquiry%3A+Pilkington+Committee&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1962-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fheritage%2Fmore%2Fpdfs%2Fcommittees_of_enquiry.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarter2007" class="citation news cs1">Carter, Imogen (27 September 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071018203739/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=%2Farts%2F2007%2F09%2F27%2Fbvradio127.xml&page=1">"The day we woke up to pop music on Radio 1"</a>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2007/09/27/bvradio127.xml&page=1">the original</a> on 18 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=The+day+we+woke+up+to+pop+music+on+Radio+1&rft.date=2007-09-27&rft.aulast=Carter&rft.aufirst=Imogen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Farts%2Fmain.jhtml%3Fxml%3D%2Farts%2F2007%2F09%2F27%2Fbvradio127.xml%26page%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPartridge1971" class="citation news cs1">Partridge, Rob (13 November 1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-Q8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA41">"Radio in London"</a>. <i>Billboard</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160125083315/https://books.google.com/books?id=-Q8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA41">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Radio+in+London&rft.date=1971-11-13&rft.aulast=Partridge&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-Q8EAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA41&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-briggs-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-briggs_67-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-briggs_67-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBriggs2000" class="citation book cs1">Briggs, Asa (2000). <i>Competition</i> (Reprinted ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 713. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-215964-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-215964-9"><bdi>978-0-19-215964-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Competition&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=713&rft.edition=Reprinted&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-19-215964-9&rft.aulast=Briggs&rft.aufirst=Asa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meldrum.co.uk/mhp/continuity/guestroom.html">The Guestroom for Mr Cock-up</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080224233404/http://www.meldrum.co.uk/mhp/continuity/guestroom.html">Archived</a> 24 February 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Pick of the Continuity Announcers, 6 April 2000</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.users.zetnet.co.uk/itw/features/Ratings.html">Ratings for 1978</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080827202157/http://www.users.zetnet.co.uk/itw/features/Ratings.html">Archived</a> 27 August 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Independent Teleweb</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hulton-history-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hulton-history_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDonald" class="citation web cs1">McDonald, Sarah. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130527044717/http://corporate.gettyimages.com/masters2/conservation/articles/HAHistory.pdf">"15 October 2004 Sarah McDonald, Curator Page 1 10/15/04 Hulton|Archive – History in Pictures"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Getty Images. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://corporate.gettyimages.com/masters2/conservation/articles/HAHistory.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 27 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=15+October+2004+Sarah+McDonald%2C+Curator+Page+1+10%2F15%2F04+Hulton%7CArchive+%E2%80%93+History+in+Pictures&rft.pub=Getty+Images&rft.aulast=McDonald&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcorporate.gettyimages.com%2Fmasters2%2Fconservation%2Farticles%2FHAHistory.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuider1987" class="citation news cs1">Guider, Elizabeth (22 July 1987). "New BBC Management Team Sees Radio, TV Divisions Joining Forces". <i><a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a></i>. p. 52.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=New+BBC+Management+Team+Sees+Radio%2C+TV+Divisions+Joining+Forces&rft.pages=52&rft.date=1987-07-22&rft.aulast=Guider&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guardian-resources-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-guardian-resources_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolmwood2007" class="citation news cs1">Holmwood, Leigh (15 August 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2007/aug/15/bbc.television">"BBC Resources sell-off to begin"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203153604/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2007/aug/15/bbc.television">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=BBC+Resources+sell-off+to+begin&rft.date=2007-08-15&rft.aulast=Holmwood&rft.aufirst=Leigh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2007%2Faug%2F15%2Fbbc.television&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digitalspy.com/british-tv/news/a6198/new-childrens-channels-from-bbc-launch.html">"New children's channels from BBC launch"</a>. <i>Digital Spy</i>. 11 February 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923223511/http://www.digitalspy.com/british-tv/news/a6198/new-childrens-channels-from-bbc-launch.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Digital+Spy&rft.atitle=New+children%27s+channels+from+BBC+launch&rft.date=2002-02-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitalspy.com%2Fbritish-tv%2Fnews%2Fa6198%2Fnew-childrens-channels-from-bbc-launch.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/whatwedo/publicservices#networkradio">"Inside the BBC: BBC Radio stations"</a>. <i>www.bbc.co.uk</i>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190110103926/https://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/whatwedo/publicservices#networkradio">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bbc.co.uk&rft.atitle=Inside+the+BBC%3A+BBC+Radio+stations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Faboutthebbc%2Fwhatwedo%2Fpublicservices%23networkradio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-broadcast-ltd-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-broadcast-ltd_75-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-broadcast-ltd_75-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2002/01_january/23/broadcastltd.shtml">"BBC to launch new commercial subsidiary following DCMS approval"</a> (Press release). BBC Press Office. 23 January 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231022204849/https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2002/1_january/23/broadcastltd.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+to+launch+new+commercial+subsidiary+following+DCMS+approval&rft.pub=BBC+Press+Office&rft.date=2002-01-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fpressoffice%2Fpressreleases%2Fstories%2F2002%2F01_january%2F23%2Fbroadcastltd.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4708749.stm">"BBC Broadcast sell-off approved"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 22 July 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220313002531/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4708749.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 13 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=BBC+Broadcast+sell-off+approved&rft.date=2005-07-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fentertainment%2F4708749.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc-2204-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bbc-2204_77-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc-2204_77-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2004/07_july/07/technology.shtml">"BBC announces Siemens Business Services as Single Preferred Bidder"</a> (Press release). BBC Press Office. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211216203543/https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2004/7_july/07/technology.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 16 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+announces+Siemens+Business+Services+as+Single+Preferred+Bidder&rft.pub=BBC+Press+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fpressoffice%2Fpressreleases%2Fstories%2F2004%2F07_july%2F07%2Ftechnology.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-atos-ariel-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-atos-ariel_78-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-atos-ariel_78-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/ariel/14014213">"New firm to support BBC IT"</a>. <i>Ariel</i>. BBC. 4 July 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130703052344/http://www.bbc.co.uk/ariel/14014213">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ariel&rft.atitle=New+firm+to+support+BBC+IT&rft.date=2011-07-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fariel%2F14014213&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/bbcworldwide/worldwidestories/pressreleases/2006/06_june/bbc_books.shtml">"The Random House Group acquires majority shareholding in BBC Books"</a> (Press release). BBC Press Office. 22 June 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181123170442/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/bbcworldwide/worldwidestories/pressreleases/2006/6_june/bbc_books.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 23 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Random+House+Group+acquires+majority+shareholding+in+BBC+Books&rft.pub=BBC+Press+Office&rft.date=2006-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fpressoffice%2Fbbcworldwide%2Fworldwidestories%2Fpressreleases%2F2006%2F06_june%2Fbbc_books.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OBsale-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OBsale_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2008/03_march/07/ob.shtml">"BBC announces successful bidder for BBC Outside Broadcasts"</a> (Press release). BBC Press Office. 7 March 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231022204849/https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2008/3_march/07/ob.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+announces+successful+bidder+for+BBC+Outside+Broadcasts&rft.pub=BBC+Press+Office&rft.date=2008-03-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fpressoffice%2Fpressreleases%2Fstories%2F2008%2F03_march%2F07%2Fob.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-angels-costumes-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-angels-costumes_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7321453.stm">"New home for BBC costume archive"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 30 March 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081206133931/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7321453.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 6 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=New+home+for+BBC+costume+archive&rft.date=2008-03-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fentertainment%2F7321453.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSweney2011" class="citation news cs1">Sweney, Mark (16 August 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2011/aug/16/bbc-completes-magazines-sell-off">"BBC Worldwide agrees £121m magazine sell-off"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161221065706/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2011/aug/16/bbc-completes-magazines-sell-off">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=BBC+Worldwide+agrees+%C2%A3121m+magazine+sell-off&rft.date=2011-08-16&rft.aulast=Sweney&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2011%2Faug%2F16%2Fbbc-completes-magazines-sell-off&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWells2007" class="citation news cs1">Wells, Matt (11 January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2007/jan/11/politicsandthemedia.bbc">"Dyke departure minutes released"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131204094244/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2007/jan/11/politicsandthemedia.bbc">Archived</a> from the original on 4 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=BBC+Employees+Stage+24-Hour+Strike+to+Protest+Planned+Job+Cuts&rft.date=2005-05-24&rft.aulast=Lyall&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2005%2F05%2F24%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fbbc-employees-stage-24hour-strike-to-protest-planned-job-cuts.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/europe/05/23/britain.bbc/">"BBC strike hits TV, radio output"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>. 23 May 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221104101808/http://www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/europe/05/23/britain.bbc/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=BBC+strike+hits+TV%2C+radio+output&rft.date=2005-05-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2005%2FWORLD%2Feurope%2F05%2F23%2Fbritain.bbc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml">"Radical reform to deliver a more focused BBC"</a> (Press release). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Radical+reform+to+deliver+a+more+focused+BBC&rft.pub=BBC+Press+Office&rft.date=2007-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fpressoffice%2Fpressreleases%2Fstories%2F2007%2F10_october%2F18%2Freform.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-11572171">"Television licence fee to be frozen for the next six years"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 20 October 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111007165009/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-11572171">Archived</a> from the original on 7 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Television+licence+fee+to+be+frozen+for+the+next+six+years&rft.date=2010-10-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-11572171&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-15165926">"BBC set to cut 2000 jobs by 2017"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 6 October 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111006124012/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-15165926">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=BBC+set+to+cut+2000+jobs+by+2017&rft.date=2011-10-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-15165926&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-15186116">"BBC cuts at a glance"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 6 October 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111006172317/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-15186116">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=BBC+cuts+at+a+glance&rft.date=2011-10-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-15186116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8810868/BBC-cuts-in-detail.html">"BBC cuts: in detail"</a>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=BBC+cuts%3A+in+detail&rft.date=2011-10-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fculture%2Ftvandradio%2Fbbc%2F8810868%2FBBC-cuts-in-detail.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171204061336/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2010/sep/21/bbc1-live-coronation-anniversary">"BBC1 to go live for coronation anniversary night in 2013"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. 21 September 2010. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Digital+Spy&rft.atitle=BBC+Three+will+move+online+in+March+2016+as+BBC+Trust+approves+plans+to+axe+broadcast+TV+channel&rft.date=2015-11-26&rft.aulast=Goodacre&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitalspy.com%2Ftv%2Fnews%2Fa775348%2Fbbc-three-will-move-online-in-march-2016-as-bbc-trust-approves-plans-to-axe-broadcast-tv-channel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-35221706">"BBC Three reveals new logo and switchover date"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 4 January 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160104173745/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-35221706">Archived</a> from the original on 4 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=BBC+Three+reveals+new+logo+and+switchover+date&rft.date=2016-01-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-35221706&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-40489812">"BBC making £34m investment in children's services"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 4 July 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170707051117/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-40489812">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=BBC+making+%C2%A334m+investment+in+children%27s+services&rft.date=2017-07-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-40489812&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuddick2017" class="citation news cs1">Ruddick, Graham (4 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2017/jul/04/bbc-promises-wider-mix-than-rivals-seeks-reinvent-itself">"BBC promises a wider mix than rivals as it seeks to reinvent itself"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=BBC+promises+a+wider+mix+than+rivals+as+it+seeks+to+reinvent+itself&rft.date=2017-07-04&rft.aulast=Ruddick&rft.aufirst=Graham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2017%2Fjul%2F04%2Fbbc-promises-wider-mix-than-rivals-seeks-reinvent-itself&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Linford-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Linford_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinford" class="citation news cs1">Linford, Paul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.holdthefrontpage.co.uk/2021/news/local-democracy-reporting-service-has-become-template-says-bbc-dg/">"Local Democracy Reporting service 'has become template" says Davie – Journalism News from HoldtheFrontPage"</a>. <i>Hold the Front Page</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220811123633/https://www.holdthefrontpage.co.uk/2021/news/local-democracy-reporting-service-has-become-template-says-bbc-dg/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hold+the+Front+Page&rft.atitle=Local+Democracy+Reporting+service+%27has+become+template%22+says+Davie+%E2%80%93+Journalism+News+from+HoldtheFrontPage&rft.aulast=Linford&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.holdthefrontpage.co.uk%2F2021%2Fnews%2Flocal-democracy-reporting-service-has-become-template-says-bbc-dg%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guardian-20160308-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-guardian-20160308_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartinson2016" class="citation news cs1">Martinson, Jane (8 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2016/mar/08/bbc-increases-saving-target-to-800m-a-year-to-pay-for-drama-and-sport">"BBC increases savings target to £800m a year to pay for drama and sport"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210106201125/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2016/mar/08/bbc-increases-saving-target-to-800m-a-year-to-pay-for-drama-and-sport">Archived</a> from the original on 6 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=BBC+announces+further+70+job+cuts+in+news+division&rft.date=2020-07-15&rft.aulast=Waterson&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2020%2Fjul%2F15%2Fbbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ft-20200915-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ft-20200915_103-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarker2020" class="citation news cs1">Barker, Alex (15 September 2020). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/d8e1911e-6233-4f2a-bc0b-7dfd97f9ff55">"BBC faces era of cuts after reporting 'substantial shortfall'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a></span>. <i>Financial Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210115035150/https://www.ft.com/content/d8e1911e-6233-4f2a-bc0b-7dfd97f9ff55">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=BBC+faces+era+of+cuts+after+reporting+%27substantial+shortfall%27&rft.date=2020-09-15&rft.aulast=Barker&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2Fd8e1911e-6233-4f2a-bc0b-7dfd97f9ff55&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-55560711">"Former banker Richard Sharp to be next BBC chairman"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 6 January 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230430014942/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-55560711">Archived</a> from the original on 30 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Labour+vows+to+%27secure+BBC%27s+independence%27+after+Lineker+row&rft.date=2023-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2023%2Fmar%2F26%2Flabour-vows-to-secure-bbcs-independence-after-lineker-row&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.sky.com/story/bbc-chairman-richard-sharp-resigns-12832218">"Richard Sharp resigns as BBC chairman after Boris Johnson £800,000 loan row"</a>. <i>Sky News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230428100244/https://news.sky.com/story/bbc-chairman-richard-sharp-resigns-12832218">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ofcom&rft.atitle=BBC+regulation&rft.date=2017-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ofcom.org.uk%2Fconsultations-and-statements%2Fofcom-and-the-bbc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Appointments-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Appointments_112-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Appointments_112-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/latestnews/2017/board-appointments">"BBC Board Appointments"</a>. <i>BBC Media Centre</i>. 23 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+Media+Centre&rft.atitle=BBC+Board+Appointments&rft.date=2017-03-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fmediacentre%2Flatestnews%2F2017%2Fboard-appointments&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBConCA-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBConCA_113-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBConCA_113-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/aboutthebbc/governance/charter">"Charter and Agreement"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Charter+and+Agreement&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Faboutthebbc%2Fgovernance%2Fcharter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBCon-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBCon_114-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/us/001108_wsfunding.shtml">"The BBC on funding, and the charter"</a>. <i>BBC World Service</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+World+Service&rft.atitle=The+BBC+on+funding%2C+and+the+charter.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fworldservice%2Fus%2F001108_wsfunding.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/about/how_we_govern/2016/charter.pdf">"ECopy of Royal Charter for the continuance of the British Broadcasting Corporation"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>BBC</i>. December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=ECopy+of+Royal+Charter+for+the+continuance+of+the+British+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.date=2016-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdownloads.bbc.co.uk%2Fbbctrust%2Fassets%2Ffiles%2Fpdf%2Fabout%2Fhow_we_govern%2F2016%2Fcharter.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbchow-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbchow_117-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/institutional/2009/03/000000_funding.shtml">"BBC World Service – Institutional – How is the World Service funded?"</a>. BBC World Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121008072648/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/institutional/2009/03/000000_funding.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2019</span>. <q>The BBC, including World Service, operates under two constitutional documents – its Royal Charter and the Licence and Agreement. The Charter gives the Corporation legal existence, sets out its objectives and constitution, and also deals with such matters as advisory bodies. Under the Royal Charter, the BBC must obtain a licence from the Home Secretary. The Licence, which is coupled with an Agreement between the Minister and the Corporation, lays down the terms and conditions under which the BBC is allowed to broadcast.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+World+Service+%E2%80%93+Institutional+%E2%80%93+How+is+the+World+Service+funded%3F&rft.pub=BBC+World+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fworldservice%2Finstitutional%2F2009%2F03%2F000000_funding.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Board_and_Executive-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Board_and_Executive_118-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/aboutthebbc/whoweare">"Who we are"</a>. <i>About the BBC</i>. 1 April 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190401172417/https://www.bbc.com/aboutthebbc/whoweare">Archived</a> from the original on 1 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=About+the+BBC&rft.atitle=Who+we+are&rft.date=2019-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Faboutthebbc%2Fwhoweare&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://downloads.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/whoweare/bbcboard/board-minutes-8-december-2022.pdf">"Meeting of the BBC Board – Minutes – 8 December 2022"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. BBC. p. 6. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230429001034/https://downloads.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/whoweare/bbcboard/board-minutes-8-december-2022.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 29 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Meeting+of+the+BBC+Board+%E2%80%93+Minutes+%E2%80%93+8+December+2022&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdownloads.bbc.co.uk%2Faboutthebbc%2Fwhoweare%2Fbbcboard%2Fboard-minutes-8-december-2022.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/aboutthebbc/whoweare/exco">"Executive committee"</a>. <i>About the BBC</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201222173834/https://www.bbc.com/aboutthebbc/whoweare/exco">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=About+the+BBC&rft.atitle=Executive+committee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Faboutthebbc%2Fwhoweare%2Fexco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/latestnews/2020/charlotte-moore">"Charlotte Moore appointed to BBC Board"</a>. BBC Media Centre. 3 September 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210409134658/https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/latestnews/2020/charlotte-moore">Archived</a> from the original on 9 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Charlotte+Moore+appointed+to+BBC+Board&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fmediacentre%2Flatestnews%2F2020%2Fcharlotte-moore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://radiotoday.co.uk/2020/09/bbc-radio-and-education-moves-to-new-division/">"BBC Radio and Education moves to new division"</a>. <i>Radio Today</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220625090235/https://radiotoday.co.uk/2020/09/bbc-radio-and-education-moves-to-new-division/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Today&rft.atitle=BBC+Radio+and+Education+moves+to+new+division&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fradiotoday.co.uk%2F2020%2F09%2Fbbc-radio-and-education-moves-to-new-division%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/running/bbcstructure/">bbc.co.uk About The BBC section</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110715004020/http://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/running/bbcstructure/">Archived</a> 15 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 9 July 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vetting-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vetting_126-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vetting_126-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vetting_126-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vetting_126-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vetting_126-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vetting_126-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vetting_126-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vetting_126-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/stories-43754737">"The vetting files: How the BBC kept out 'subversives'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 22 April 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180422000203/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/stories-43754737">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180426100703/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1522875/Revealed-how-the-BBC-used-MI5-to-vet-thousands-of-staff.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Revealed%3A+how+the+BBC+used+MI5+to+vet+thousands+of+staff&rft.date=2006-07-02&rft.aulast=Hastings&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuknews%2F1522875%2FRevealed-how-the-BBC-used-MI5-to-vet-thousands-of-staff.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cambridgeclarion.org/press_cuttings/mi5.bbc.page9_obs_18aug1985.html">"The Blacklist in Room 105"</a>. <i>The Observer</i>. London. 18 August 1985. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190513210628/http://www.cambridgeclarion.org/press_cuttings/mi5.bbc.page9_obs_18aug1985.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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BBC. July 2014. p. 20. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141114141640/http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/annualreport/pdf/2013-14/BBC_Financial_statements_201314.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 14 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+Annual+Report+and+Accounts+2013%2F14&rft.atitle=BBC+Full+Financial+Statements+2013%2F14&rft.pages=20&rft.date=2014-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdownloads.bbc.co.uk%2Fannualreport%2Fpdf%2F2013-14%2FBBC_Financial_statements_201314.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://corporate.sky.com/documents/annual-report-2014/annual-report-2014.pdf">"Annual Report 2014"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. British Sky Broadcasting. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Evening+Standard&rft.atitle=BBC+Television+Centre+closes+its+doors+for+the+last+time&rft.date=2013-03-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.standard.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fbbc-television-centre-closes-its-doors-for-the-last-time-8555435.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBBC" class="citation web cs1">BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/broadcastinghouse/thefuture/bh_project.shtml">"New Broadcasting House – The future"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060521230740/http://www.bbc.co.uk/broadcastinghouse/thefuture/bh_project.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 21 May 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computer+Weekly&rft.atitle=CIO+interview%3A+John+Linwood%2C+chief+technology+officer%2C+BBC&rft.date=2012-01-26&rft.aulast=Mari&rft.aufirst=Angelica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.computerweekly.com%2Fnews%2F2240114385%2FCIO-interview-John-Linwood-chief-technology-officer-BBC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_Trust_annual_report_11/12-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_Trust_annual_report_11/12_161-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_Trust_annual_report_11/12_161-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/news/press_releases/2012/annual_report.html">"BBC publishes Annual Report for 2011/12"</a> (Press release). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=BBC+6+Music+and+Asian+Network+face+axe+in+shake-up&rft.date=2010-03-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fentertainment%2F8544150.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2009/08_august/21/dreamland.shtml">"Press Office – First look at new animated Doctor Who"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Press+Office+%E2%80%93+First+look+at+new+animated+Doctor+Who&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fpressoffice%2Fpressreleases%2Fstories%2F2009%2F08_august%2F21%2Fdreamland.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/orchestras">"BBC Orchestras and Choirs"</a>. <i>BBC Music Events</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191014201823/https://www.bbc.co.uk/orchestras">Archived</a> from the original on 14 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=BBC+Radio+3+%E2%80%93+BBC+Proms+%E2%80%93+History+of+the+Proms&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Farticles%2F1sgMxZvFzHQG3Y1HktMfg6w%2Fhistory-of-the-proms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/mediapacks/proms-2017/artists/bbc-orchestras-choirs">"BBC – BBC orchestras and choirs – Media Centre"</a>. <i>www.bbc.co.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201223174715/https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/mediapacks/proms-2017/artists/bbc-orchestras-choirs">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220101025310/https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/latestnews/2015/eurovision-60">Archived</a> from the original on 1 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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London: Oxford University Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriffin2020" class="citation news cs1">Griffin, Andrew (30 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/bbc-red-button-service-closing-date-update-b714031.html">"BBC red button: Corporation U-turns on plans to cut services"</a>. <i>Independent</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016010206/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/bbc-red-button-service-closing-date-update-b714031.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Independent&rft.atitle=BBC+red+button%3A+Corporation+U-turns+on+plans+to+cut+services&rft.date=2020-09-30&rft.aulast=Griffin&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Flife-style%2Fgadgets-and-tech%2Fbbc-red-button-service-closing-date-update-b714031.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Variety-211"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Variety_211-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Variety_211-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2017/tv/news/britbox-eastenders-streaming-prime-suspect-1202002791/">"Britbox, a streaming service for British TV from the BBC and ITV, launches in the US"</a>. <i>The Verge</i>. 7 March 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171228054022/https://variety.com/2017/tv/news/britbox-eastenders-streaming-prime-suspect-1202002791/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Britbox%2C+a+streaming+service+for+British+TV+from+the+BBC+and+ITV%2C+launches+in+the+US&rft.date=2017-03-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2017%2Ftv%2Fnews%2Fbritbox-eastenders-streaming-prime-suspect-1202002791%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160609191342/http://www.msn.com/en-gb/entertainment/tv/bbc-set-to-launch-britflix-rival-to-netflix-after-john-whittingdale-approves-subscription-streaming/ar-BBt5imj?ocid=spartandhp">"BBC set to launch Britflix rival to Netflix after John Whittingdale approves subscription streaming"</a>. <i>www.msn.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msn.com/en-gb/entertainment/tv/bbc-set-to-launch-britflix-rival-to-netflix-after-john-whittingdale-approves-subscription-streaming/ar-BBt5imj?ocid=spartandhp">the original</a> on 9 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=www.msn.com&rft.atitle=BBC+set+to+launch+Britflix+rival+to+Netflix+after+John+Whittingdale+approves+subscription+streaming&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msn.com%2Fen-gb%2Fentertainment%2Ftv%2Fbbc-set-to-launch-britflix-rival-to-netflix-after-john-whittingdale-approves-subscription-streaming%2Far-BBt5imj%3Focid%3Dspartandhp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/shortcuts/2016/may/16/britflix-bbc-streaming-downton-abbey-john-whittingdale-netflix">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Britflix' and chill – doesn't have the quite same ring to it"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. 16 May 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160521081340/http://www.theguardian.com/media/shortcuts/2016/may/16/britflix-bbc-streaming-downton-abbey-john-whittingdale-netflix">Archived</a> from the original on 21 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27Britflix%27+and+chill+%E2%80%93+doesn%27t+have+the+quite+same+ring+to+it&rft.date=2016-05-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2Fshortcuts%2F2016%2Fmay%2F16%2Fbritflix-bbc-streaming-downton-abbey-john-whittingdale-netflix&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-47383559">"BBC and ITV set to launch Netflix rival"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 27 February 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190726045631/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-47383559">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=African+News&rft.atitle=BBC%27s+biggest+bureau+outside+the+UK+is+in+Africa+%E2%80%93+Nairobi%2C+Kenya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.africanews.com%2F2018%2F11%2F06%2Fbbc-s-biggest-bureau-outside-the-uk-is-in-africa-nairobi-kenya%2F%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Henery-2010-219"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Henery-2010_219-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Henery-2010_219-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenery" class="citation web cs1">Henery, Michelle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160920130100/https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/Why%20do%20we%20see%20what%20we%20see%20A%20comparison%20of%20CNN%20International,%20BBC%20World%20News%20and%20Al%20Jazeera%20English%20analysing%20the%20respective%20drivers%20influencing%20editorial%20cont.pdf">"Why Do We See What We See: A comparison of CNN International, BBC World News and Al Jazeera English, analysing the respective drivers influencing editorial content"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Strictly+Come+Dancing%3A+the+worldwide+phenomenon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fculture%2Ftvandradio%2Fstrictly-come-dancing%2F8938893%2FStrictly-Come-Dancing-the-worldwide-phenomenon.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://advertising.bbcworldwide.com/home/advertisewithus/entertainment/dancingwiththestars">"Dancing with the Stars advertising opportunities"</a>. 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Kelly Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1903053096" title="Special:BookSources/978-1903053096"><bdi>978-1903053096</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Radio+Times+Story&rft.pub=Kelly+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1903053096&rft.aulast=Currie&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fradiotimesstory0000curr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/historyofthebbc/research/radio-times">"The Radio Times"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Public+service+broadcasting+is+%27lynchpin%27+of+British+culture%2C+says+Joan+Bakewell&rft.date=2008-10-08&rft.aulast=Muir&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2009%2Foct%2F08%2Fjoan-bakewell-psb-james-cameron-lecture&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2016/may/12/james-corden-bbc-government-white-paper">"James Corden: BBC is a cornerstone of everything Britain stands for"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+says+fond+farewell+to+Top+of+the+Pops&rft.pub=BBC+Press+Office&rft.date=2006-06-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fpressoffice%2Fpressreleases%2Fstories%2F2006%2F06_june%2F20%2Ftotp.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2014/aug/16/bbc-match-of-the-day-marks-50-years-institution-english-football">"BBC's Match of the Day marks 50 years as an institution of English football"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. 16 August 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211112234258/https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2014/aug/16/bbc-match-of-the-day-marks-50-years-institution-english-football">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=BBC%27s+Match+of+the+Day+marks+50+years+as+an+institution+of+English+football&rft.date=2014-08-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftv-and-radio%2F2014%2Faug%2F16%2Fbbc-match-of-the-day-marks-50-years-institution-english-football&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNikkhah2012" class="citation news cs1">Nikkhah, Roya (9 September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/foodanddrink/foodanddrinknews/9530119/Great-British-Bake-Off-sees-sales-of-baking-goods-soar.html">"Great British Bake Off sees sales of baking goods soar"</a>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190722175026/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/foodanddrink/foodanddrinknews/9530119/Great-British-Bake-Off-sees-sales-of-baking-goods-soar.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Great+British+Bake+Off+sees+sales+of+baking+goods+soar&rft.date=2012-09-09&rft.aulast=Nikkhah&rft.aufirst=Roya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ffoodanddrink%2Ffoodanddrinknews%2F9530119%2FGreat-British-Bake-Off-sees-sales-of-baking-goods-soar.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2006/07_july/18/panorama.shtml">"Panorama returns to peak time on BBC ONE"</a>. <i>BBC</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220629101449/https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2006/07_july/18/panorama.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Panorama+returns+to+peak+time+on+BBC+ONE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fpressoffice%2Fpressreleases%2Fstories%2F2006%2F07_july%2F18%2Fpanorama.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://heritage.bafta.org/moment/1958/switched-on-television-joins-the-fold/41">"Switched On: Television joins the fold"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Switched+On%3A+Television+joins+the+fold&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fheritage.bafta.org%2Fmoment%2F1958%2Fswitched-on-television-joins-the-fold%2F41&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6543947.stm">"Bafta TV Awards 2007: The winners"</a>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090123172757/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6543947.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bafta+TV+Awards+2007%3A+The+winners&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fentertainment%2F6543947.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoach2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Roach_(phonetician)" title="Peter Roach (phonetician)">Roach, Peter</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/gb/cambridgeenglish/catalog/dictionaries/cambridge-english-pronouncing-dictionary-18th-edition"><i>English Pronouncing Dictionary, 18th edition</i></a>. 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BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090207222149/http://www.bbc.co.uk/info/policies/diversity.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=Queen%3A+Album+Guide&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Fartists%2Fqueen%2Falbumguide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2004/10_october/21/hull.shtml">"Mark Thompson celebrates the official opening of a new state-of-the art BBC building in Hull"</a> (Press release). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Publications.parliament.uk&rft.atitle=House+of+Commons+%E2%80%93+Future+of+the+BBC+%E2%80%93+Culture%2C+Media+and+Sport&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.parliament.uk%2Fpa%2Fcm201415%2Fcmselect%2Fcmcumeds%2F315%2F31510.htm%23a48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TrustToOfcom-255"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TrustToOfcom_255-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeech2015" class="citation web cs1">Deech, Baroness (3 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lordsoftheblog.net/2015/07/03/out-of-the-frying-pan-into-the-fire-the-bbc-to-ofcom/">"Out of the frying pan into the fire: the BBC to OFCOM"</a>. <i>lordsoftheblog.net</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2017</span>. <q>The corporation has long faced accusations of liberal and leftwing bias from politicians and other sections of the media.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=BBC+reporting+scrutinised+after+accusations+of+liberal+bias&rft.date=2012-10-10&rft.aulast=Halliday&rft.aufirst=Josh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2012%2Foct%2F10%2Fbbc-review-liberal-bias&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/margaret-thatcher/11313380/Margaret-Thatcher-conducted-covert-war-against-BBC.html">"Margaret Thatcher conducted covert war against BBC"</a>. <i>Telegraph Online</i>. 30 December 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180411082401/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/margaret-thatcher/11313380/Margaret-Thatcher-conducted-covert-war-against-BBC.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Telegraph+Online&rft.atitle=Margaret+Thatcher+conducted+covert+war+against+BBC&rft.date=2014-12-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fmargaret-thatcher%2F11313380%2FMargaret-Thatcher-conducted-covert-war-against-BBC.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSissons2011" class="citation book cs1">Sissons, Peter (2011). <i>When One Door Closes</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=BBC+chairman+criticises+Emily+Maitlis%27+Newsnight+comments+on+Dominic+Cummings&rft.date=2022-12-03&rft.aulast=Badshah&rft.aufirst=Nadeem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2022%2Fdec%2F03%2Fbbc-chairman-criticises-emily-maitlis-newsnight-comments-on-dominic-cummings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2014" class="citation news cs1">Jones, Owen (17 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/mar/17/bbc-leftwing-bias-non-existent-myth">"It's the BBC's rightwing bias that is the threat to democracy and journalism"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=BBC+flayed+for+not+terming+Mumbai+gunmen+as+terrorists&rft.date=2008-12-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indianexpress.com%2Fnews%2Fbbc-flayed-for-not-terming-mumbai-gunmen-as%2F393175%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/bbc-newsreader-quits-after-claims-he-helped-foment-revolution-in-kyrgyzstan/">"BBC newsreader quits 'after claims he helped foment revolution in Kyrgyzstan'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Press Gazette</i>. 8 April 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180318054902/http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/bbc-newsreader-quits-after-claims-he-helped-foment-revolution-in-kyrgyzstan/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Press+Gazette&rft.atitle=BBC+newsreader+quits+%27after+claims+he+helped+foment+revolution+in+Kyrgyzstan%27&rft.date=2011-04-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pressgazette.co.uk%2Fbbc-newsreader-quits-after-claims-he-helped-foment-revolution-in-kyrgyzstan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrange2011" class="citation news cs1">Orange, Richard (8 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/8436435/BBC-newsreader-steps-down-over-Kyrgyzstan-revolution-claims.html">"BBC newsreader steps down over Kyrgyzstan revolution claims"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180318204809/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/8436435/BBC-newsreader-steps-down-over-Kyrgyzstan-revolution-claims.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=BBC+newsreader+steps+down+over+Kyrgyzstan+revolution+claims&rft.date=2011-04-08&rft.aulast=Orange&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F8436435%2FBBC-newsreader-steps-down-over-Kyrgyzstan-revolution-claims.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-281"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-281">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWangHallam2021" class="citation news cs1">Wang, Philip; Hallam, Jonny (11 February 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2021/02/11/media/bbc-news-banned-china/index.html">"BBC News banned in China, one week after CGTN's license withdrawn in the UK"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN_International" title="CNN International">CNN International</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210215224401/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/02/11/media/bbc-news-banned-china/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN+International&rft.atitle=BBC+News+banned+in+China%2C+one+week+after+CGTN%27s+license+withdrawn+in+the+UK&rft.date=2021-02-11&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.au=Hallam%2C+Jonny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2021%2F02%2F11%2Fmedia%2Fbbc-news-banned-china%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-282"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-282">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/en/component/k2/1575376-20210212.htm">"RTHK pulls plug on BBC after mainland ban"</a>. <i>RTHK</i>. 12 February 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210215125324/https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/en/component/k2/1575376-20210212.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 15 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RTHK&rft.atitle=RTHK+pulls+plug+on+BBC+after+mainland+ban&rft.date=2021-02-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.rthk.hk%2Frthk%2Fen%2Fcomponent%2Fk2%2F1575376-20210212.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-283"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-283">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/bbc-modi-new-delhi-india-entertainment-4c0c5029ded8a56783e051dcdf162c38">"Indian officials search BBC offices after Modi documentary"</a>. <i>AP NEWS</i>. 14 February 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230214081554/https://apnews.com/article/bbc-modi-new-delhi-india-entertainment-4c0c5029ded8a56783e051dcdf162c38">Archived</a> from the original on 14 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+NEWS&rft.atitle=Indian+officials+search+BBC+offices+after+Modi+documentary&rft.date=2023-02-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fbbc-modi-new-delhi-india-entertainment-4c0c5029ded8a56783e051dcdf162c38&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-284">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-64634711">"BBC India offices searched by income tax officials"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 14 February 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230214095440/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-64634711">Archived</a> from the original on 14 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=BBC+India+offices+searched+by+income+tax+officials&rft.date=2023-02-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-india-64634711&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-285"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-285">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLivemint2023" class="citation web cs1">Livemint (6 June 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livemint.com/news/india/bbc-acknowledges-it-paid-lower-taxes-in-india-11686024335513.html">"BBC acknowledges it paid lower taxes in India"</a>. <i>mint</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230607014155/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/bbc-acknowledges-it-paid-lower-taxes-in-india-11686024335513.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mint&rft.atitle=BBC+acknowledges+it+paid+lower+taxes+in+India&rft.date=2023-06-06&rft.au=Livemint&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livemint.com%2Fnews%2Findia%2Fbbc-acknowledges-it-paid-lower-taxes-in-india-11686024335513.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-286"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-286">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/business/companies/bbc-intends-to-pay-tax-to-i-t-dept-after-alleged-irregularities-8649369/">"BBC 'intends to pay' tax to I-T dept after alleged irregularities"</a>. <i>The Indian Express</i>. 7 June 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230607071307/https://indianexpress.com/article/business/companies/bbc-intends-to-pay-tax-to-i-t-dept-after-alleged-irregularities-8649369/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=BBC+%27intends+to+pay%27+tax+to+I-T+dept+after+alleged+irregularities&rft.date=2023-06-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Fbusiness%2Fcompanies%2Fbbc-intends-to-pay-tax-to-i-t-dept-after-alleged-irregularities-8649369%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurranSeaton2018" class="citation book cs1">Curran, James; <a href="/wiki/Jean_Seaton" title="Jean Seaton">Seaton, Jean</a> (2018). <i>Power Without Responsibility</i>. Abingdon, Oxon New York, NY: Routledge. pp. 205–208. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-71042-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-71042-8"><bdi>978-0-415-71042-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Power+Without+Responsibility&rft.place=Abingdon%2C+Oxon+New+York%2C+NY&rft.pages=205-208&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-415-71042-8&rft.aulast=Curran&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Seaton%2C+Jean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span> <i>(sections attributed in the index)</i></li> <li>Baade, Christina L. <i>Victory through Harmony: The BBC and Popular Music in World War II</i> (Oxford University Press, 2012).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBriggs1985" class="citation book cs1">Briggs, Asa (1985). <i>The BBC</i>. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-212971-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-212971-6"><bdi>0-19-212971-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+BBC&rft.place=Oxford%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-19-212971-6&rft.aulast=Briggs&rft.aufirst=Asa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABBC" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Coulton, Barbara. – <i>Louis MacNeice in the BBC</i> – Writer and producer from 1941 to 1961 in the Features Department of BBC radio. – <a href="/wiki/Faber_%26_Faber" title="Faber & Faber">Faber & Faber</a>, 1980. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-571-11537-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-571-11537-3">0-571-11537-3</a></li> <li>Gilder, Eric. – <i>Mass Media Moments in the United Kingdom, the USSR and the USA</i> (2003). – Historical background relating to the British Broadcasting Company, Ltd, its founding companies; their transatlantic connections; General Post Office licensing system; commercial competitors from Europe before the Second World War and offshore during the 1960s. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/2925656/Mass_Media_Moments_in_the_United_Kingdom_the_USSR_and_the_US">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210818114731/https://www.academia.edu/2925656/Mass_Media_Moments_in_the_United_Kingdom_the_USSR_and_the_US">Archived</a> 18 August 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Hajkowski, Thomas. <i>The BBC and National Identity in Britain, 1922–53</i> (Manchester University Press, 2010), 252 pages; explores ideas of Britishness conveyed in BBC radio programmes, including notions of the empire and monarchy as symbols of unity; also considers regional broadcasting in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.</li> <li>Hendy, David. <i>Life on air: a history of Radio Four</i> (Oxford University Press, 2007) covers 1967 to 1997.</li> <li>James, A. Lloyd. <i>The Broadcast Word</i>. (Kegan Paul, 1935),</li> <li>Mills, Brett. "'Shoved Online': BBC Three, British Television and the Marginalisation of Young Adult Audiences." in <i>Media, Margins and Popular Culture</i> (Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015) pp. 219–231.</li> <li>Parker, Derek. – <i>Radio: the Great Years</i> – History of BBC radio programmes from the beginning until the date of publication. Newton Abbot: <a href="/wiki/David_%26_Charles" title="David & Charles">David & Charles</a>, 1977. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7153-7430-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7153-7430-3">0-7153-7430-3</a></li> <li>Potter, Simon J. <i>Broadcasting Empire: The BBC and the British World, 1922–1970</i> (2012) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780199568963.001.0001">10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199568963.001.0001</a> online</li> <li>Smart, Billy. "The BBC Television Audience Research Reports, 1957–1979: Recorded Opinions and Invisible Expectations." <i>Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television</i> 34#3 (2014): 452–462.</li> <li>Spangenberg, Jochen. – <i>The BBC in Transition. Reasons, Results and Consequences</i> – Encompassing account of the BBC and influencing external factors until 1996. – Deutscher Universitaetsverlag. 1997. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-8244-4227-2" title="Special:BookSources/3-8244-4227-2">3-8244-4227-2</a></li> <li>West, W. J. – <i>Truth Betrayed</i> a critical assessment of the BBC, London, 1987, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7156-2182-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7156-2182-3">0-7156-2182-3</a></li> <li>Wilson, H. H. – <i>Pressure Group</i> – History of the political fight to introduce commercial television into the United Kingdom. – Rutgers University Press, 1961.</li> <li>Wyver, John. – <i>The Moving Image: An International History of Film, Television & Radio</i> – <a href="/wiki/Basil_Blackwell" title="Basil Blackwell">Basil Blackwell</a> Ltd in Association with the <a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute" title="British Film Institute">British Film Institute</a>, 1989. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-631-15529-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-631-15529-5">0-631-15529-5</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_sources">Primary sources</h3></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc">About the BBC</a> at <a href="/wiki/BBC_Online" title="BBC Online">BBC Online</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/historyofthebbc">History of the BBC</a> at <a href="/wiki/BBC_Online" title="BBC Online">BBC Online</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/reports/annualreport">BBC Annual Reports</a> at <a href="/wiki/BBC_Online" title="BBC Online">BBC Online</a> – Copies of all of the BBC's annual reports since the millennium.</li> <li>Milne, Alasdair. – <i>The Memoirs of a British Broadcaster</i> – History of the Zircon spy satellite affair, written by a former Director-General of the BBC. A series of BBC radio programmes called "<i>The Secret Society</i>" led to a raid by police in both England and Scotland to seize documents as part of a government censorship campaign. – Coronet, 1989. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-340-49750-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-340-49750-5">0-340-49750-5</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> has media related to:<br /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/BBC" class="extiw" title="commons:BBC"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">BBC</span></a> (<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:BBC" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:BBC">category</a>)</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bbc.com">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9531#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opencorporates.com/corporate_groupings/BBC">BBC companies</a> grouped at <a href="/wiki/OpenCorporates" title="OpenCorporates">OpenCorporates</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pid.emory.edu/ark:/25593/8xzxr">Third Programme Radio Scripts Collection</a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rose.library.emory.edu/">Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, & Rare Book Library, Emory University</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="BBC" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:BBC" title="Template:BBC"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:BBC" title="Template talk:BBC"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BBC" title="Special:EditPage/Template:BBC"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="BBC" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">BBC</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Television" title="BBC Television">Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_BBC_television_channels_and_radio_stations" title="List of BBC television channels and radio stations">stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_programmes_broadcast_by_the_BBC" title="List of television programmes broadcast by the BBC">programmes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio" title="BBC Radio">Radio</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_BBC_radio_stations" title="List of BBC radio stations">stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Local_Radio" title="BBC Local Radio">local</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Online" title="BBC Online">BBC Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Red_Button" title="BBC Red Button">BBC Red Button</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceefax" title="Ceefax">Ceefax</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_iPlayer" title="BBC iPlayer">iPlayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Sounds" title="BBC Sounds">BBC Sounds</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Management</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chair_of_the_BBC" title="Chair of the BBC">Chair</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samir_Shah" title="Samir Shah">Samir Shah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Director-General_of_the_BBC" title="Director-General of the BBC">Director-General</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Davie" title="Tim Davie">Tim Davie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Board" title="BBC Board">BBC Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Charter" title="BBC Charter">BBC Charter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_independence" title="BBC independence">BBC independence</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Departments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Academy" title="BBC Academy">BBC Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Archives" title="BBC Archives">Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Film" title="BBC Film">BBC Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_World_Service" title="BBC World Service">BBC World Service</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_BBC_World_Service" title="Timeline of the BBC World Service">Timeline</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Television" title="BBC Television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Design_%26_Engineering" title="BBC Design & Engineering">Design & Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Monitoring" title="BBC Monitoring">Monitoring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio" title="BBC Radio">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Sport" title="BBC Sport">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Weather" title="BBC Weather">Weather</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Nations and<br />regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/BBC_English_Regions" title="BBC English Regions">England</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Birmingham" title="BBC Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_%26_Music_Production_Bristol" title="BBC Radio & Music Production Bristol">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_East" title="BBC East">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_East_Midlands" title="BBC East Midlands">East Midlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_London" title="BBC London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Manchester" title="BBC Manchester">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_North_East_and_Cumbria" title="BBC North East and Cumbria">North East & Cumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_North_West" title="BBC North West">North West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_South" title="BBC South">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_South_East" title="BBC South East">South East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_South_West" title="BBC South West">South West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_West" title="BBC West">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_West_Midlands" title="BBC West Midlands">West Midlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Yorkshire" title="BBC Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Yorkshire_and_Lincolnshire" title="BBC Yorkshire and Lincolnshire">Yorkshire & Lincolnshire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rest of UK</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Northern_Ireland" title="BBC Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Scotland" title="BBC Scotland">Scotland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_G%C3%A0idhlig" title="BBC Gàidhlig">Gàidhlig</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Cymru_Wales" title="BBC Cymru Wales">Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Commercial<br />subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Studios" title="BBC Studios">BBC Studios</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Studios_Productions" title="BBC Studios Productions">Productions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Studios_Natural_History_Unit" title="BBC Studios Natural History Unit">Natural History Unit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Studios_Home_Entertainment" title="BBC Studios Home Entertainment">Home Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demon_Music_Group" title="Demon Music Group">Demon Music Group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Studioworks" title="BBC Studioworks">BBC Studioworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Worldwide" title="BBC Worldwide">BBC Worldwide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_BBC" title="Timeline of the BBC">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Archives" title="BBC Archives">Archives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Sound_Archive" title="BBC Sound Archive">Sound Archive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Trust" title="BBC Trust">BBC Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Governors_of_the_BBC" title="Board of Governors of the BBC">Board of Governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Broadcasting_Company" title="British Broadcasting Company">British Broadcasting Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_BBC" title="Coat of arms of the BBC">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_controversies" title="BBC controversies">Controversies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_BBC" title="Criticism of the BBC">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_day_of_BBC_television" title="First day of BBC television">First day of TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logo_of_the_BBC" title="Logo of the BBC">Logo</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Radio_Times" title="Radio Times">Radio Times</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Genome_Project" title="BBC Genome Project">Genome</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_BBC" title="Timeline of the BBC">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Key<br />properties<br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_BBC_properties" title="List of BBC properties">full list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">London</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House" title="Broadcasting House">Broadcasting House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lime_Grove_Studios#BBC_studios" title="Lime Grove Studios">Lime Grove</a> (former)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maida_Vale_Studios" title="Maida Vale Studios">Maida Vale Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_Centre,_London" title="Television Centre, London">Television Centre</a> (former)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_City_Place" title="White City Place">White City & Media Village</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Birmingham</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Drama_Village" title="BBC Drama Village">Drama Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mailbox_Birmingham" title="Mailbox Birmingham">Mailbox Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pebble_Mill_Studios" title="Pebble Mill Studios">Pebble Mill Studios</a> (former)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cardiff</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Cymru_Wales_New_Broadcasting_House" title="BBC Cymru Wales New Broadcasting House">New Broadcasting House, Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House,_Cardiff" title="Broadcasting House, Cardiff">Broadcasting House</a> (former)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roath_Lock" title="Roath Lock">Drama Village (Roath Lock)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_Millennium_Centre#Phase_2_(C_Bay)_–_BBC_Hoddinott_Hall" title="Wales Millennium Centre">BBC Hoddinott Hall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House,_Belfast" title="Broadcasting House, Belfast">Broadcasting House, Belfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Elstree_Centre" title="BBC Elstree Centre">BBC Elstree Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MediaCityUK" title="MediaCityUK">MediaCityUK, Salford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Pacific_Quay" title="BBC Pacific Quay">Pacific Quay, Glasgow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Finance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television_licensing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Television licensing in the United Kingdom">Television licence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television_licensing_in_the_United_Kingdom_(historical)" title="Television licensing in the United Kingdom (historical)">history</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backstage.bbc.co.uk" title="Backstage.bbc.co.uk">Backstage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Micro" title="BBC Micro">BBC Micro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_UK_regional_TV_on_satellite" title="BBC UK regional TV on satellite">BBC UK regional TV on satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Box" title="BBC Box">The Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Bitesize" title="BBC Bitesize">Bitesize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BritBox" title="BritBox">BritBox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirac_(video_compression_format)" title="Dirac (video compression format)">Dirac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Domesday_Project" title="BBC Domesday Project">Domesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freely" title="Freely">Freely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freesat" title="Freesat">Freesat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H2g2" title="H2g2">h2g2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_Democracy_Reporting_Service" title="Local Democracy Reporting Service">Local Democracy Reporting Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Redux" title="BBC Redux">Redux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouView" title="YouView">YouView</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Technical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Programme_Catalogue" title="BBC Programme Catalogue">Programme Catalogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Programme_Identifier" title="BBC Programme Identifier">Programme Identifier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:BBC" title="Category:BBC">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:BBC" title="Portal:BBC">Portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:BBC" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:BBC">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:BBC_Television" title="Template:BBC Television"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:BBC_Television" title="Template talk:BBC Television"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BBC_Television" title="Special:EditPage/Template:BBC Television"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="BBC_Television" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/BBC_Television" title="BBC Television"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">BBC Television</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #F0E0E0;"><div><a class="mw-selflink selflink">BBC</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F0E0E0;;width:1%;text-align:left">UK channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_One" title="BBC One">BBC One</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_One_Northern_Ireland" title="BBC One Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_One_Scotland" title="BBC One Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_One_Wales" title="BBC One Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Two" title="BBC Two">BBC Two</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Two_Northern_Ireland" title="BBC Two Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Two_Wales" title="BBC Two Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Three" title="BBC Three">BBC Three</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Four" title="BBC Four">BBC Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_News_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC News (TV channel)">BBC News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Parliament" title="BBC Parliament">BBC Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Scotland_(TV_channel)" title="BBC Scotland (TV channel)">BBC Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBBC" title="CBBC">CBBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBeebies" title="CBeebies">CBeebies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F0E0E0;;width:1%;text-align:left">UK nations<br />and regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Scotland" title="BBC Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Cymru_Wales" title="BBC Cymru Wales">Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Northern_Ireland" title="BBC Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_North_East_and_Cumbria" title="BBC North East and Cumbria">North East and Cumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_North_West" title="BBC North West">North West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Yorkshire" title="BBC Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Yorkshire_and_Lincolnshire" title="BBC Yorkshire and Lincolnshire">Yorkshire and Lincolnshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_West" title="BBC West">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_West_Midlands" title="BBC West Midlands">West Midlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_East_Midlands" title="BBC East Midlands">East Midlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_East" title="BBC East">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_London" title="BBC London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_South_West" title="BBC South West">South West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_South" title="BBC South">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_South_East" title="BBC South East">South East</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F0E0E0;;width:1%;text-align:left">Services and<br />programming<br />blocks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_iPlayer" title="BBC iPlayer">BBC iPlayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Learning_Zone" title="BBC Learning Zone">BBC Learning Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Music" title="BBC Music">BBC Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Red_Button" title="BBC Red Button">BBC Red Button</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Schools" title="BBC Schools">BBC Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Sport" title="BBC Sport">BBC Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Switch" title="BBC Switch">BBC Switch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Weather" title="BBC Weather">BBC Weather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBBC" title="CBBC">CBBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBeebies" title="CBeebies">CBeebies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F0E0E0;;width:1%;text-align:left">UKTV<br />channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U%26Alibi" title="U&Alibi">U&Alibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%26Dave" title="U&Dave">U&Dave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%26Drama" title="U&Drama">U&Drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%26Eden" title="U&Eden">U&Eden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%26Gold" title="U&Gold">U&Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%26W" title="U&W">U&W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%26Yesterday" title="U&Yesterday">U&Yesterday</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F0E0E0;;width:1%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/International_BBC_television_channels" title="International BBC television channels">International<br />channels</a> and<br />joint ventures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Britbox" class="mw-redirect" title="Britbox">Britbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Alba" title="BBC Alba">BBC Alba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_America" title="BBC America">BBC America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Arabic_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Arabic Television">BBC Arabic Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Brit" title="BBC Brit">BBC Brit</a></li> <li>BBC Drama</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Earth_(TV_channel)" title="BBC Earth (TV channel)">BBC Earth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Earth_(Canadian_TV_channel)" title="BBC Earth (Canadian TV channel)">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_BBC_Earth" title="Sony BBC Earth">India</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_First" title="BBC First">BBC First</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_First_(Canadian_TV_channel)" title="BBC First (Canadian TV channel)">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_First_(Dutch_TV_channel)" title="BBC First (Dutch TV channel)">Netherlands and Belgium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_HD_(international)" title="BBC HD (international)">BBC HD (international)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Kids" title="BBC Kids">BBC Kids</a> (<a href="/wiki/BBC_Kids_(Australian_TV_channel)" title="BBC Kids (Australian TV channel)">Australia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Lifestyle" title="BBC Lifestyle">BBC Lifestyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Nordic" title="BBC Nordic">BBC Nordic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Persian_Television" title="BBC Persian Television">BBC Persian Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Player" title="BBC Player">BBC Player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Select_(streaming_service)" title="BBC Select (streaming service)">BBC Select</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_UKTV" title="BBC UKTV">BBC UKTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_World_News" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC World News">BBC World News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Together_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Together (TV channel)">Together</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F0E0E0;;width:1%;text-align:left">Defunct<br />channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Canada" title="BBC Canada">BBC Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Choice" title="BBC Choice">BBC Choice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Choice_Northern_Ireland" title="BBC Choice Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Choice_Scotland" title="BBC Choice Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Choice_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Choice Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Entertainment" title="BBC Entertainment">BBC Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_First_(Australian_TV_channel)" title="BBC First (Australian TV channel)">BBC First (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Food" title="BBC Food">BBC Food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_HD" title="BBC HD">BBC HD</a> (UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Japan" title="BBC Japan">BBC Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Kids_(Canadian_TV_channel)" title="BBC Kids (Canadian TV channel)">BBC Kids (Canada)</a></li> <li>BBC Knowledge <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Knowledge" title="BBC Knowledge">UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Knowledge_(international)" title="BBC Knowledge (international)">international</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Living" title="BBC Living">BBC Living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Prime" title="BBC Prime">BBC Prime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Select_(1992%E2%80%931995)" title="BBC Select (1992–1995)">BBC Select</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_TV_Europe" title="BBC TV Europe">BBC TV Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_World_Service_Television" title="BBC World Service Television">BBC World Service Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_2W" title="BBC 2W">BBC 2W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Two_Scotland" title="BBC Two Scotland">BBC Two Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UKTV" title="UKTV">UKTV</a> (various channels)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #F0E0E0;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:BBC_Television" title="Category:BBC Television">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="BBC_Radio" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:BBC_Radio" title="Template:BBC Radio"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:BBC_Radio" title="Template talk:BBC Radio"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BBC_Radio" title="Special:EditPage/Template:BBC Radio"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="BBC_Radio" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio" title="BBC Radio">BBC Radio</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a class="mw-selflink selflink">BBC</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">UK stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#eee;text-align:left;">Nationwide</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_1" title="BBC Radio 1">Radio 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_2" title="BBC Radio 2">Radio 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_3" title="BBC Radio 3">Radio 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">Radio 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_5_Live" title="BBC Radio 5 Live">Radio 5 Live</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#eee;text-align:left;">Digital-only</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_1Xtra" title="BBC Radio 1Xtra">Radio 1Xtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4_Extra" title="BBC Radio 4 Extra">Radio 4 Extra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_5_Sports_Extra" title="BBC Radio 5 Sports Extra">Radio 5 Sports Extra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_6_Music" title="BBC Radio 6 Music">Radio 6 Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Asian_Network" title="BBC Asian Network">Asian Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#eee;text-align:left;">Online-only (<a href="/wiki/BBC_Sounds" title="BBC Sounds">BBC Sounds</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CBeebies_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="CBeebies Radio">CBeebies Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_1_Dance" title="BBC Radio 1 Dance">Radio 1 Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_1_Anthems" title="BBC Radio 1 Anthems">Radio 1 Anthems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_3_Unwind" title="BBC Radio 3 Unwind">Radio 3 Unwind</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#eee;text-align:left;">Nations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/BBC_Scotland" title="BBC Scotland">Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Scotland" title="BBC Radio Scotland">Scotland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Orkney" title="BBC Radio Orkney">Orkney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Shetland" title="BBC Radio Shetland">Shetland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_nan_G%C3%A0idheal" title="BBC Radio nan Gàidheal">Nan Gàidheal</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/BBC_Cymru_Wales" title="BBC Cymru Wales">Wales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Wales" title="BBC Radio Wales">Wales</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Cymru" title="BBC Radio Cymru">Cymru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Cymru_2" title="BBC Radio Cymru 2">Cymru 2</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/BBC_Northern_Ireland" title="BBC Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Ulster" title="BBC Radio Ulster">Ulster</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Foyle" title="BBC Radio Foyle">Foyle</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#eee;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/BBC_Local_Radio" title="BBC Local Radio">BBC Local Radio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/BBC_East" title="BBC East">East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Cambridgeshire" title="BBC Radio Cambridgeshire">Cambridgeshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Essex" title="BBC Essex">Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Norfolk" title="BBC Radio Norfolk">Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Northampton" title="BBC Radio Northampton">Northampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Suffolk" title="BBC Radio Suffolk">Suffolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Three_Counties_Radio" title="BBC Three Counties Radio">Three Counties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/BBC_East_Midlands" title="BBC East Midlands">East Midlands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Derby" title="BBC Radio Derby">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Leicester" title="BBC Radio Leicester">Leicester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Nottingham" title="BBC Radio Nottingham">Nottingham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/BBC_London" title="BBC London">London</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_London" title="BBC Radio London">London</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/BBC_North_East_and_Cumbria" title="BBC North East and Cumbria">North East and Cumbria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Cumbria" title="BBC Radio Cumbria">Cumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Newcastle" title="BBC Radio Newcastle">Newcastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Tees" title="BBC Radio Tees">Tees</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/BBC_North_West" title="BBC North West">North West</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Lancashire" title="BBC Radio Lancashire">Lancashire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Manchester" title="BBC Radio Manchester">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Merseyside" title="BBC Radio Merseyside">Merseyside</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/BBC_South" title="BBC South">South</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Berkshire" title="BBC Radio Berkshire">Berkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Oxford" title="BBC Radio Oxford">Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Solent" title="BBC Radio Solent">Solent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/BBC_South_East" title="BBC South East">South East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Kent" title="BBC Radio Kent">Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Surrey" title="BBC Radio Surrey">Surrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Sussex" title="BBC Radio Sussex">Sussex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/BBC_South_West" title="BBC South West">South West</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Cornwall" title="BBC Radio Cornwall">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Devon" title="BBC Radio Devon">Devon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Guernsey" title="BBC Radio Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Jersey" title="BBC Radio Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Somerset" title="BBC Radio Somerset">Somerset</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/BBC_West" title="BBC West">West</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Bristol" title="BBC Radio Bristol">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Gloucestershire" title="BBC Radio Gloucestershire">Gloucestershire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Wiltshire" title="BBC Radio Wiltshire">Wiltshire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/BBC_West_Midlands" title="BBC West Midlands">West Midlands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_CWR" title="BBC CWR">CWR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Hereford_%26_Worcester" title="BBC Hereford & Worcester">Hereford and Worcester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Shropshire" title="BBC Radio Shropshire">Shropshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Stoke" title="BBC Radio Stoke">Stoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_WM" title="BBC Radio WM">WM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/BBC_Yorkshire" title="BBC Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Leeds" title="BBC Radio Leeds">Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Sheffield" title="BBC Radio Sheffield">Sheffield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_York" title="BBC Radio York">York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/BBC_Yorkshire_and_Lincolnshire" title="BBC Yorkshire and Lincolnshire">Yorkshire and Lincolnshire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Humberside" title="BBC Radio Humberside">Humberside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Lincolnshire" title="BBC Radio Lincolnshire">Lincolnshire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">International stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_World_Service" title="BBC World Service">World Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Albanian_service" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Albanian service">Albanian</a> <small>(Dissolved)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Arabic" title="BBC Arabic">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Bangla" title="BBC Bangla">Bangla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Nepali" title="BBC Nepali">Nepali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Brasil" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Brasil">Brasil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Hausa" title="BBC Hausa">Hausa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Mundo" title="BBC Mundo">Mundo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Persian" title="BBC Persian">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Russian_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Russian Service">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Ukrainian" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Ukrainian">Ukrainian</a> <small>(Dissolved)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Urdu" title="BBC Urdu">Urdu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Defunct stations<br />and services</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#eee;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;"><b>Local services</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2LO" title="2LO">2LO</a> London</li> <li><a href="/wiki/5IT" title="5IT">5IT</a> Birmingham</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2ZY" title="2ZY">2ZY</a> Manchester</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5NO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5NO (page does not exist)">5NO</a> Newcastle</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5WA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5WA (page does not exist)">5WA</a> Cardiff</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5SC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5SC (page does not exist)">5SC</a> Glasgow</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2BD" title="2BD">2BD</a> Aberdeen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/6BM" title="6BM">6BM</a> Bournemouth</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2FL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2FL (page does not exist)">2FL</a> Sheffield</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5PY&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5PY (page does not exist)">5PY</a> Plymouth</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5GB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5GB (page does not exist)">5GB</a> Daventry</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2BE_Belfast" title="2BE Belfast">2BE</a> Belfast</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#eee;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;"><b>Relays</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2EH_Edinburgh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2EH Edinburgh (page does not exist)">2EH</a> Edinburgh</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=6LV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6LV (page does not exist)">6LV</a> Liverpool</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2LS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2LS (page does not exist)">2LS</a> Leeds and Bradford</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=6KH&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6KH (page does not exist)">6KH</a> Hull</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5NG&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5NG (page does not exist)">5NG</a> Nottingham</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2DE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2DE (page does not exist)">2DE</a> Dundee</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=6ST&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6ST (page does not exist)">6ST</a> Stoke</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5SX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5SX (page does not exist)">5SX</a> Swansea</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#eee;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;"><b>National services</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Allied_Expeditionary_Forces_Programme" title="BBC Allied Expeditionary Forces Programme">Allied Expeditionary Forces Programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Forces_Programme" title="BBC Forces Programme">Forces Programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_General_Forces_Programme" title="BBC General Forces Programme">General Forces Programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Home_Service" title="BBC Home Service">Home Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Light_Programme" title="BBC Light Programme">Light Programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_National_Programme" title="BBC National Programme">National Programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_1_Relax" title="BBC Radio 1 Relax">Radio 1 Relax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_4_News_FM" title="Radio 4 News FM">Radio 4 News FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_5_(former)" title="BBC Radio 5 (former)">Radio 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4_Extra" title="BBC Radio 4 Extra">Radio 7</a> <small>(rebranded)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Regional_Programme" title="BBC Regional Programme">Regional Programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Third_Programme" title="BBC Third Programme">Third Programme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Audio_Drama_Awards" title="BBC Audio Drama Awards">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:BBC_Radio_logos" title="Category:BBC Radio logos">Logos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Music" title="BBC Music">BBC Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_National_DAB" title="BBC National DAB">National DAB multiplex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:BBC_Radio_programmes" title="Category:BBC Radio programmes">Programmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Explorer" title="BBC Radio Explorer">Radio Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Orchestra" title="BBC Radio Orchestra">Radio Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_School_Radio" title="BBC School Radio">School Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Sounds" title="BBC Sounds">BBC Sounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wartime_Broadcasting_Service" title="Wartime Broadcasting Service">Wartime Broadcasting Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:BBC_Radio" title="Category:BBC Radio">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:BBC_Radio" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:BBC Radio">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:BBC" title="Portal:BBC">BBC Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="BBC_News" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#B60005; color:#FFFFFF;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:BBC_News" title="Template:BBC News"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:BBC_News" title="Template talk:BBC News"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BBC_News" title="Special:EditPage/Template:BBC News"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="BBC_News" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">BBC News</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#B60005; color:#FFFFFF;"><div id="Television" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Television</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B60005; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:BBC_News_channels" title="Category:BBC News channels"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">TV Channels</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_News_Arabic" title="BBC News Arabic">BBC News Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_News_(international_TV_channel)" title="BBC News (international TV channel)">BBC News (International)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_News_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC News (TV channel)">BBC News (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Parliament" title="BBC Parliament">BBC Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Persian_Television" title="BBC Persian Television">BBC Persian Television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B60005; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Arabic" title="BBC Arabic">BBC Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_News#India" title="BBC News">BBC Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Bangla" title="BBC Bangla">BBC Bangla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Hausa" title="BBC Hausa">BBC Hausa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Nepali" title="BBC Nepali">BBC Nepali</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">BBC Brasil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Mundo" title="BBC Mundo">BBC Mundo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Persian" title="BBC Persian">BBC Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_News_Punjabi" title="BBC News Punjabi">BBC Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_News_Russian" title="BBC News Russian">BBC Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Somali_Service" title="BBC Somali Service">BBC Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_News_Ukrainian" title="BBC News Ukrainian">BBC Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Urdu" title="BBC Urdu">BBC Urdu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B60005; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Online services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_News_Online" title="BBC News Online">BBC News Online</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B60005; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:BBC_News_programmes" title="Category:BBC News programmes"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Programmes</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Breakfast" title="BBC Breakfast">BBC Breakfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Business_Today" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Business Today">BBC Business Today</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_News_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC News (TV channel)">BBC News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_News_at_One" title="BBC News at One">BBC News at One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_News_at_Six" title="BBC News at Six">BBC News at Six</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_News_at_Ten" title="BBC News at Ten">BBC News at Ten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_News_Now" title="BBC News Now">BBC News Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Weekend_News" title="BBC Weekend News">BBC Weekend News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_World_News_America" title="BBC World News America">BBC World News America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bottom_Line_(radio_programme)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Bottom Line (radio programme)">The Bottom Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Catch_Up_(British_TV_programme)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Catch Up (British TV programme)">The Catch Up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBBC_Newsround" class="mw-redirect" title="CBBC Newsround">CBBC Newsround</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Context_(TV_programme)" title="The Context (TV programme)">The Context</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focus_on_Africa_(TV_programme)" title="Focus on Africa (TV programme)">Focus on Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HARDtalk" title="HARDtalk">HARDtalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newscast_(podcast)" title="Newscast (podcast)">Newscast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Newsday" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Newsday">Newsday (TV programme)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newsnight" title="Newsnight">Newsnight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Newswatch" title="BBC Newswatch">Newswatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panorama_(British_TV_programme)" title="Panorama (British TV programme)">Panorama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Politics_Live" title="BBC Politics Live">Politics Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Question_Time_(TV_programme)" title="Question Time (TV programme)">Question Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reporters_(TV_programme)" title="Reporters (TV programme)">Reporters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_Today" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport Today">Sportsday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunday_with_Laura_Kuenssberg" title="Sunday with Laura Kuenssberg">Sunday with Laura Kuenssberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talking_Movies" title="Talking Movies">Talking Movies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Travel_Show_(TV_programme)" title="The Travel Show (TV programme)">The Travel Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verified_Live" title="Verified Live">Verified Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_World_Today_(TV_news_programme)" title="The World Today (TV news programme)">The World Today</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B60005; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_7_O%27Clock_News" title="The 7 O'Clock News">The 7 O'Clock News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24_Hours_(TV_programme)" title="24 Hours (TV programme)">24 Hours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60_Seconds" title="60 Seconds">60 Seconds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Business_Report" title="Asia Business Report">Asia Business Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Africa_Business_Report" title="Africa Business Report">Africa Business Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afternoon_Live_(2017_TV_programme)" title="Afternoon Live (2017 TV programme)">Afternoon Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Andrew_Marr_Show" title="The Andrew Marr Show">The Andrew Marr Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_News_at_Five" title="BBC News at Five">BBC News at Five</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_News_at_Nine" title="BBC News at Nine">BBC News at Nine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_News_Summary" title="BBC News Summary">BBC News Summary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Newsroom_Live" title="BBC Newsroom Live">BBC Newsroom Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Nine_O%27Clock_News" title="BBC Nine O'Clock News">BBC Nine O'Clock News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_World_News" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC World News">BBC World News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakfast_News" title="Breakfast News">Breakfast News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakfast_Time_(British_TV_programme)" title="Breakfast Time (British TV programme)">Breakfast Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakfast_with_Frost" title="Breakfast with Frost">Breakfast with Frost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexitcast" title="Brexitcast">Brexitcast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Click_(TV_programme)" title="Click (TV programme)">Click</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daily_Politics" title="Daily Politics">Daily/Sunday Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dateline_London" title="Dateline London">Dateline London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Despatch_Box" title="Despatch Box">Despatch Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_News_(TV_channel)#Previous_programming" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC News (TV channel)">E24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_Track_(British_TV_programme)" title="Fast Track (British TV programme)">Fast Track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Film_Review" title="The Film Review">The Film Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_(TV_programme)" title="Global (TV programme)">Global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GMT_(TV_programme)" title="GMT (TV programme)">GMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hub_(TV_programme)" title="The Hub (TV programme)">The Hub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_(TV_programme)" title="Impact (TV programme)">Impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_Business_Africa" title="In Business Africa">In Business Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_Business_Report" title="India Business Report">India Business Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inside_Out_(2002_TV_programme)" title="Inside Out (2002 TV programme)">Inside Out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Business_Report" title="Middle East Business Report">Middle East Business Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nai_Zindagi_Naya_Jeevan" title="Nai Zindagi Naya Jeevan">Nai Zindagi Naya Jeevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_(TV_programme)" title="Nationwide (TV programme)">Nationwide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_After_Noon" title="News After Noon">News After Noon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newsroom_(BBC_programme)" title="Newsroom (BBC programme)">Newsroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_OS" title="BBC OS">Outside Source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_Show" title="Politics Show">Politics Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Story" title="Real Story">Real Story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revealed_(British_TV_programme)" title="Revealed (British TV programme)">Revealed...</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Show_Me_the_Money_(British_TV_programme)" title="Show Me the Money (British TV programme)">Show Me the Money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixty_Minutes_(British_TV_programme)" title="Sixty Minutes (British TV programme)">Sixty Minutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_Today" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport Today">Sport Today</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STORYFix" title="STORYFix">STORYFix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_Newsreel" title="Television Newsreel">Television Newsreel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/This_Week_(2003_TV_programme)" title="This Week (2003 TV programme)">This Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/This_World_(TV_series)" title="This World (TV series)">This World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonight_(1957_TV_programme)" title="Tonight (1957 TV programme)">Tonight (1957)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonight_(1975_TV_programme)" title="Tonight (1975 TV programme)">Tonight (1975)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Today" title="UK Today">UK Today</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Derbyshire_(TV_programme)" title="Victoria Derbyshire (TV programme)">Victoria Derbyshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Are_England_(2022_TV_programme)" title="We Are England (2022 TV programme)">We Are England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Live" title="Westminster Live">Westminster Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_Lunch" title="Working Lunch">Working Lunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worklife_(TV_programme)" title="Worklife (TV programme)">Worklife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Business_Report" title="World Business Report">World Business Report (TV)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Have_Your_Say" title="World Have Your Say">World Have Your Say</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_News_Today" title="World News Today">World News Today</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Your_News" title="Your News">Your News</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B60005; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Timelines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_BBC_News_Channel" title="Timeline of the BBC News Channel">Timeline of the BBC News Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_BBC_Parliament" title="Timeline of BBC Parliament">Timeline of BBC Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_BBC_Television_News" title="Timeline of BBC Television News">Timeline of BBC Television News</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B60005; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Online services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_News_Online" title="BBC News Online">BBC News Online</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#B60005; color:#FFFFFF;"><div id="Radio" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Radio</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B60005; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Radio stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_5_Live" title="BBC Radio 5 Live">BBC Radio 5 Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_World_Service" title="BBC World Service">BBC World Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B60005; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Arabic" title="BBC Arabic">BBC Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_News#India" title="BBC News">BBC Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Bangla" title="BBC Bangla">BBC Bangla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Hausa" title="BBC Hausa">BBC Hausa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Nepali" title="BBC Nepali">BBC Nepali</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">BBC Brasil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Mundo" title="BBC Mundo">BBC Mundo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Persian" title="BBC Persian">BBC Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_News_Punjabi" title="BBC News Punjabi">BBC Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_News_Russian" title="BBC News Russian">BBC Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Somali_Service" title="BBC Somali Service">BBC Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_News_Ukrainian" title="BBC News Ukrainian">BBC Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Urdu" title="BBC Urdu">BBC Urdu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B60005; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analysis_(radio_programme)" title="Analysis (radio programme)">Analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Any_Questions%3F" title="Any Questions?">Any Questions?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_OS" title="BBC OS">BBC OS (Radio)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bottom_Line_(radio_programme)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Bottom Line (radio programme)">The Bottom Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House_(radio_programme)" title="Broadcasting House (radio programme)">Broadcasting House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_Daily" class="mw-redirect" title="Business Daily">Business Daily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_World_Today_(TV_news_programme)" title="The World Today (TV news programme)">The World Today</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_on_4" title="File on 4">File on 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/From_Our_Own_Correspondent" title="From Our Own Correspondent">From Our Own Correspondent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Media_Show" title="The Media Show">The Media Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newsbeat" title="Newsbeat">Newsbeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newscast_(podcast)" title="Newscast (podcast)">Newscast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newsday_(radio_programme)" title="Newsday (radio programme)">Newsday (Radio)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PM_(BBC_Radio_4)" title="PM (BBC Radio 4)">PM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Today_(BBC_Radio_4)" title="Today (BBC Radio 4)">Today</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Westminster_Hour" title="The Westminster Hour">The Westminster Hour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_World_at_One" title="The World at One">The World at One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wake_Up_to_Money" title="Wake Up to Money">Wake Up to Money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_World_This_Weekend" class="mw-redirect" title="The World This Weekend">The World This Weekend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_World_Tonight" title="The World Tonight">The World Tonight</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B60005; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brexitcast" title="Brexitcast">Brexitcast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_Today_(radio_programme)" title="Europe Today (radio programme)">Europe Today</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Have_Your_Say" title="Have Your Say">Have Your Say</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_OS" title="BBC OS">BBC OS (Radio)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Newsreel" title="Radio Newsreel">Radio Newsreel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Briefing" title="World Briefing">World Briefing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_World_Today_(radio_programme)" title="The World Today (radio programme)">The World Today</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Update" title="World Update">World Update</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B60005; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Timelines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_BBC_Radio_News" title="Timeline of BBC Radio News">Timeline of BBC Radio News</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B60005; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Online services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_News_Online" title="BBC News Online">BBC News Online</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#B60005; color:#FFFFFF;"><div id="Staff" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Staff</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B60005; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Director/CEO</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Hall,_Baron_Hall_of_Birkenhead" title="Tony Hall, Baron Hall of Birkenhead">Tony Hall</a> (1993–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Sambrook" title="Richard Sambrook">Richard Sambrook</a> (2001–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Boaden" title="Helen Boaden">Helen Boaden</a> (2004–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Harding_(journalist)" title="James Harding (journalist)">James Harding</a> (2013–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran_Unsworth" title="Fran Unsworth">Fran Unsworth</a> (2018–2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Turness" title="Deborah Turness">Deborah Turness</a> (2022–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B60005; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">On-air staff</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_BBC_newsreaders_and_reporters" title="List of current BBC newsreaders and reporters">Current On-air staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_BBC_newsreaders_and_journalists" title="List of former BBC newsreaders and journalists">Former On-air staff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chief Presenters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maryam_Moshiri" title="Maryam Moshiri">Maryam Moshiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Hockings" title="Lucy Hockings">Lucy Hockings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Amroliwala" title="Matthew Amroliwala">Matthew Amroliwala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Fraser" title="Christian Fraser">Christian Fraser</a></li> <li>Sumi Somaskanda</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caitr%C3%ADona_Perry" title="Caitríona Perry">Caitríona Perry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clive_Myrie" title="Clive Myrie">Clive Myrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Brown_(journalist)" title="Ben Brown (journalist)">Ben Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annita_McVeigh" class="mw-redirect" title="Annita McVeigh">Annita McVeigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geeta_Guru-Murthy" title="Geeta Guru-Murthy">Geeta Guru-Murthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Bundock" title="Sally Bundock">Sally Bundock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B60005; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Regional news</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_BBC_regional_news_programmes" title="List of BBC regional news programmes">List of BBC regional news programmes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#B60005; color:#FFFFFF;"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:BBC_News" title="Category:BBC News"><b>Category</b></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="BBC_Orchestras_and_Singers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:BBC_music_ensembles" title="Template:BBC music ensembles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:BBC_music_ensembles" title="Template talk:BBC music ensembles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BBC_music_ensembles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:BBC music ensembles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="BBC_Orchestras_and_Singers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/BBC_Orchestras_and_Singers" title="BBC Orchestras and Singers">BBC Orchestras and Singers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Concert_Orchestra" title="BBC Concert Orchestra">BBC Concert Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Philharmonic" title="BBC Philharmonic">BBC Philharmonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Symphony_Orchestra" title="BBC Symphony Orchestra">BBC Symphony Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Scottish_Symphony_Orchestra" title="BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra">BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_National_Orchestra_of_Wales" title="BBC National Orchestra of Wales">BBC National Orchestra of Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Big_Band" title="BBC Big Band">BBC Big Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Singers" title="BBC Singers">BBC Singers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Symphony_Chorus" title="BBC Symphony Chorus">BBC Symphony Chorus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disbanded</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Orchestra" title="BBC Radio Orchestra">BBC Radio Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Television_Orchestra" title="BBC Television Orchestra">BBC Television Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BBC_Midlands_Radio_Orchestra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BBC Midlands Radio Orchestra (page does not exist)">BBC Midlands Radio Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Northern_Dance_Orchestra" title="BBC Northern Dance Orchestra">BBC Northern Dance Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Revue_Orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Revue Orchestra">BBC Revue Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Scottish_Radio_Orchestra" title="BBC Scottish Radio Orchestra">BBC Scottish Radio Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Variety_Orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Variety Orchestra">BBC Variety Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Dance_Orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Dance Orchestra">BBC Dance Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Chorus" title="BBC Chorus">BBC Chorus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_European_Broadcasting_Union" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Broadcasting_Union_members" title="Template:European Broadcasting Union members"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Broadcasting_Union_members" title="Template talk:European Broadcasting Union members"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Broadcasting_Union_members" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Broadcasting Union members"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_European_Broadcasting_Union" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Members of the <a href="/wiki/European_Broadcasting_Union" title="European Broadcasting Union">European Broadcasting Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active<br />members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARD_(broadcaster)" title="ARD (broadcaster)">ARD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayerischer_Rundfunk" title="Bayerischer Rundfunk">BR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutschlandradio" title="Deutschlandradio">DLR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">DW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hessischer_Rundfunk" title="Hessischer Rundfunk">HR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitteldeutscher_Rundfunk" title="Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk">MDR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norddeutscher_Rundfunk" title="Norddeutscher Rundfunk">NDR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Bremen" title="Radio Bremen">RB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rundfunk_Berlin-Brandenburg" title="Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg">RBB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saarl%C3%A4ndischer_Rundfunk" title="Saarländischer Rundfunk">SR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCdwestrundfunk" title="Südwestrundfunk">SWR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westdeutscher_Rundfunk" title="Westdeutscher Rundfunk">WDR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Radio_of_Armenia" title="Public Radio of Armenia">ARMR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Television_Company_of_Armenia" title="Public Television Company of Armenia">ARMTV</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">BBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_and_Television_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Radio and Television of Bosnia and Herzegovina">BHRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_National_Radio" title="Bulgarian National Radio">BNR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_National_Television" title="Bulgarian National Television">BNT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Radio" title="Czech Radio">ČRo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Television" title="Czech Television">ČT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation">CyBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DR_(broadcaster)" title="DR (broadcaster)">DR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Algeria" title="Radio Algeria">ENRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Establishment_of_Television" title="Public Establishment of Television">EPTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eesti_Rahvusringh%C3%A4%C3%A4ling" title="Eesti Rahvusringhääling">ERR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eesti_Raadio" title="Eesti Raadio">ER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eesti_Televisioon" title="Eesti Televisioon">ETV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_100,7" title="Radio 100,7">ERSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation">ERT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Radio" title="Hellenic Radio">ERA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Public_Broadcaster" title="Georgian Public Broadcaster">GPB</a></li> <li>GRF <ul><li><a href="/wiki/France_M%C3%A9dias_Monde" title="France Médias Monde">FMM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9visions" title="France Télévisions">FTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_France" title="Radio France">RF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Radiotelevision" title="Croatian Radiotelevision">HRT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Radio" title="Croatian Radio">HR</a></li></ul></li> <li>İCTI <ul><li>İR</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0ctimai_Television" title="İctimai Television">İTV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Radio_and_Television_Corporation" title="Jordan Radio and Television Corporation">JRTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Public_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Israeli Public Broadcasting Corporation">KAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya_National_Channel" title="Libya National Channel">LNC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_National_Radio_and_Television" title="Lithuanian National Radio and Television">LRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_of_Latvia" title="Public Broadcasting of Latvia">LSM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latvijas_Radio" title="Latvijas Radio">LR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Television" title="Latvian Television">LTV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco_Media_Diffusion" title="Monaco Media Diffusion">MMD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Radio_Television" title="Macedonian Radio Television">MRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTVA_(Hungary)" class="mw-redirect" title="MTVA (Hungary)">MTVA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duna_M%C3%A9dia" title="Duna Média">Duna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_Publieke_Omroep_(organisation)" title="Nederlandse Publieke Omroep (organisation)">NPO</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AVROTROS" title="AVROTROS">AVROTROS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNNVARA" title="BNNVARA">BNNVARA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelische_Omroep" title="Evangelische Omroep">EO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistische_Omroep" title="Humanistische Omroep">HUMAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRO-NCRV" title="KRO-NCRV">KRO-NCRV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omroep_MAX" title="Omroep MAX">MAX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_Omroep_Stichting" title="Nederlandse Omroep Stichting">NOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omroep_NTR" title="Omroep NTR">NTR</a></li> <li>ON</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowNed" title="PowNed">PowNed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stichting_Ether_Reclame" class="mw-redirect" title="Stichting Ether Reclame">Ster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VPRO" title="VPRO">VPRO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNL_(broadcaster)" title="WNL (broadcaster)">WNL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omroep_Zwart" title="Omroep Zwart">Zwart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NRK" title="NRK">NRK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Media_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="National Media Authority">NTU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ORF_(broadcaster)" title="ORF (broadcaster)">ORF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Services" title="Public Broadcasting Services">PBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polskie_Radio" title="Polskie Radio">PR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAI" title="RAI">RAI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Radio_Broadcasting_Company" title="Romanian Radio Broadcasting Company">ROR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTBF" title="RTBF">RTBF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_and_Television_of_Montenegro" title="Radio and Television of Montenegro">RTCG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89" title="RTÉ">RTÉ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTL_Group" title="RTL Group">RTL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1dio_e_Televis%C3%A3o_de_Portugal" title="Rádio e Televisão de Portugal">RTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Television_of_Serbia" title="Radio Television of Serbia">RTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTSH" title="RTSH">RTSH</a></li> <li>RTT <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Tunisienne" title="Radio Tunisienne">RT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Tunisienne" title="Télévision Tunisienne">TT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_and_Television_of_Andorra" title="Radio and Television of Andorra">RTVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTVE" title="RTVE">RTVE</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Radio Nacional de España">RNE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola" title="Televisión Española">TVE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiotelevizija_Slovenija" title="Radiotelevizija Slovenija">RTVSLO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%9AV" title="RÚV">RÚV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino_RTV" title="San Marino RTV">SMRTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNRT" title="SNRT">SNRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Swiss Broadcasting Corporation">SRG SSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_Management_for_SR,_SVT,_and_UR" title="Foundation Management for SR, SVT, and UR">SRT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sveriges_Radio" title="Sveriges Radio">SR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sveriges_Television" title="Sveriges Television">SVT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Educational_Broadcasting_Company" title="Swedish Educational Broadcasting Company">UR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Television_and_Radio" title="Slovak Television and Radio">STVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspilne" title="Suspilne">SU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9diffusion_d%27Alg%C3%A9rie" title="Télédiffusion d'Algérie">TDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TG4" title="TG4">TG4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9_Liban" title="Télé Liban">TL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleradio-Moldova" title="Teleradio-Moldova">TRM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Radio_and_Television_Corporation" title="Turkish Radio and Television Corporation">TRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVMonaco" title="TVMonaco">TVM</a> <i><abbr title="Monaco">(MC)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_2_(Denmark)" class="mw-redirect" title="TV 2 (Denmark)">TV 2</a> <i><abbr title="Denmark">(DK)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_2_Group" title="TV 2 Group">TV 2</a> <i><abbr title="Norway">(NO)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telewizja_Polska" title="Telewizja Polska">TVP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVR_(TV_network)" title="TVR (TV network)">TVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Independent_Broadcasting" title="United Kingdom Independent Broadcasting">UKIB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Four_Television_Corporation" title="Channel Four Television Corporation">C4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_plc" title="ITV plc">ITV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S4C_Authority" title="S4C Authority">S4C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STV_Group" title="STV Group">STV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Radio" title="Vatican Radio">VR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VRT_(broadcaster)" title="VRT (broadcaster)">VRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yle" title="Yle">Yle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZDF" title="ZDF">ZDF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Suspended</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belteleradio" title="Belteleradio">BTRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_One_Russia" title="Channel One Russia">C1R</a></li> <li>RDO <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Mayak" title="Radio Mayak">MK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Orpheus" title="Radio Orpheus">OP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-Russia_State_Television_and_Radio_Broadcasting_Company" title="All-Russia State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company">VGTRK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antena_3_Radio" title="Antena 3 Radio">A3R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal%2B_(French_TV_channel)" title="Canal+ (French TV channel)">C+</a></li> <li>C1O</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadena_COPE" title="Cadena COPE">COPE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiocentre" title="Radiocentre">CRCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Television#1953–1992:_Czechoslovak_Television" title="Czech Television">ČST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_1" title="Europe 1">E1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ERTT" title="ERTT">ERTT</a></li> <li>GRMC <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RMC_(France)" title="RMC (France)">RMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TMC_(TV_channel)" title="TMC (TV channel)">TMC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Broadcasting_Authority" title="Independent Broadcasting Authority">IBA</a> <i><abbr title="United Kingdom">(GB)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Broadcasting_Authority" title="Israel Broadcasting Authority">IBA</a> <i><abbr title="Israel">(IL)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Television_Authority" title="Independent Television Authority">ITA</a></li> <li>ITCA</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Radio_Television" title="Yugoslav Radio Television">JRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Jamahiriya_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Libyan Jamahiriya Broadcasting Corporation">LJBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Malta" title="Television in Malta">MBA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magyar_R%C3%A1di%C3%B3" title="Magyar Rádió">MR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV3" title="MTV3">MTV</a> <i><abbr title="Finland">(FI)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magyar_Telev%C3%ADzi%C3%B3" title="Magyar Televízió">MTV</a> <i><abbr title="Hungary">(HU)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hellenic_Radio,_Internet_and_Television" title="New Hellenic Radio, Internet and Television">NERIT</a></li> <li>OFRT</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_de_Radiodiffusion_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Office de Radiodiffusion Télévision Française">ORTF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion-T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Radiodiffusion-Télévision Française">RTF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_and_Television_of_Slovakia" title="Radio and Television of Slovakia">RTVS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadena_SER" title="Cadena SER">SER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovensk%C3%BD_rozhlas" title="Slovenský rozhlas">SRo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovensk%C3%A1_telev%C3%ADzia" title="Slovenská televízia">STV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TDF_Group" title="TDF Group">TDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TF1" title="TF1">TF1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La7" title="La7">TMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV4_(Swedish_TV_channel)" title="TV4 (Swedish TV channel)">TV4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udru%C5%BEenje_javnih_radija_i_televizija" title="Udruženje javnih radija i televizija">UJRT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associate<br /> members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">ABC</a> <i><abbr title="Australia">(AU)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a> <i><abbr title="United States">(US)</abbr></i></li> <li>ACORAB</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Public_Media" title="American Public Media">APM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal_13_(Chilean_TV_network)" title="Canal 13 (Chilean TV network)">C13</a> <i><abbr title="Chile">(CL)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">CBC/SRC</a> <i><abbr title="Canada">(CA)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Media_Group" title="China Media Group">CMG</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Central_Television" title="China Central Television">CCTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Global_Television_Network" title="China Global Television Network">CGTN</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Radio" title="China National Radio">CNR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Radio_International" title="China Radio International">CRI</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Padre_Anchieta" title="Fundação Padre Anchieta">FPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeTV_Australia" title="FreeTV Australia">Free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Institute_of_Radio_and_Television" title="Cuban Institute of Radio and Television">ICRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Broadcasting" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting">IRIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khabar_Agency" title="Khabar Agency">KA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Broadcasting_System" title="Korean Broadcasting System">KBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Mauritius Broadcasting Corporation">MBC</a> <i><abbr title="Mauritius">(MU)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Television" title="Bangladesh Television">NBAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> <i><abbr title="United States">(US)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHK" title="NHK">NHK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Organization_of_Radio_and_TV_(Syria)" title="General Organization of Radio and TV (Syria)">ORTAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Oman_Television" title="Sultanate of Oman Television">PART</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustavi_2" title="Rustavi 2">RB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_New_Zealand" title="Radio New Zealand">RNZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTHK" title="RTHK">RTHK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Televisyen_Malaysia" title="Radio Televisyen Malaysia">RTM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Broadcasting_Service" title="Special Broadcasting Service">SBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Media_Group" title="Shanghai Media Group">SMG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TBS_Holdings" title="TBS Holdings">TBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imedi_Media_Holding" title="Imedi Media Holding">TEME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVNZ" title="TVNZ">TVNZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WFMT" title="WFMT">WFMT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teleamazonas" title="Teleamazonas">4TA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABERT" title="ABERT">ABERT</a></li> <li>AFMN</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Radio" title="All India Radio">AIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="América Televisión">AMÉRICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_Asahi" title="TV Asahi">ANB</a></li> <li>ATEC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Television" title="Asia Television">ATV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNS-TV" title="ZNS-TV">BCB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_P%C3%BAblica" title="Televisión Pública">C7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teledoce" title="Teledoce">C12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Trece" title="El Trece">C13</a> <i><abbr title="Argentina">(AR)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Caribbean Broadcasting Corporation">CBC</a> <i><abbr title="Barbados">(BB)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation">CBC</a> <i><abbr title="Sri Lanka">(LK)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azteca_Uno" title="Azteca Uno">CMRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporation_for_Public_Broadcasting" title="Corporation for Public Broadcasting">CPB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CTV_Television_Network" title="CTV Television Network">CTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Di%C3%A1rios_Associados" title="Diários Associados">DA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNET" title="WNET">EBC</a></li> <li>EMI</li> <li>EURT</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuji_Television" title="Fuji Television">FTN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Ghana Broadcasting Corporation">GBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Communications_Network,_Guyana" title="National Communications Network, Guyana">GBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_Globo" title="TV Globo">GLOBO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambia_Radio_%26_Television_Service" title="Gambia Radio & Television Service">GRTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Broadcasting_Bureau" title="International Broadcasting Bureau">IBB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inravisi%C3%B3n" title="Inravisión">IRV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Jamaica Broadcasting Corporation">JBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeem_TV" title="Jeem TV">JCC</a></li> <li>IBTE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait_Television" title="Kuwait Television">KBTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalaallit_Nunaata_Radioa" title="Kalaallit Nunaata Radioa">KNR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberia_Broadcasting_System" title="Liberia Broadcasting System">LBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Malawi Broadcasting Corporation">MBC</a> <i><abbr title="Malawi">(MW)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munhwa_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation">MBC</a> <i><abbr title="South Korea">(KR)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainichi_Broadcasting_System" title="Mainichi Broadcasting System">MBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Public_Radio" title="Minnesota Public Radio">MPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Consortium" title="Japan Consortium">NACB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Educational_Broadcasters" title="National Association of Educational Broadcasters">NAEB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Radio_Corporation_of_Nigeria" title="Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria">NBC</a> <i><abbr title="Nigeria">(NG)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Broadcasting_Corporation_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="National Broadcasting Corporation of Papua New Guinea">NBC</a> <i><abbr title="Papua New Guinea">(PNG)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Educational_Television" title="National Educational Television">NET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nippon_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Nippon TV">NTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal_Television" title="Nepal Television">NTVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Radio" title="New York Public Radio">NYPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Radio_and_Television_of_Niger" title="Office of Radio and Television of Niger">ORTN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamericana_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Panamericana Televisión">PANTEL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation">PBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Television_Corporation" title="Pakistan Television Corporation">PTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_Radio" title="Qatar Radio">QR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_Television" title="Qatar Television">QTBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Caracas_Radio" title="Radio Caracas Radio">RCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RCTV" title="RCTV">RCTV</a></li> <li>RD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rede_de_Emissoras_Independentes" title="Rede de Emissoras Independentes">REI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1dio_Nacional" title="Rádio Nacional">RN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion_Nationale_Tchadienne" title="Radiodiffusion Nationale Tchadienne">RNT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Pakistan" title="Radio Pakistan">RP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Republik_Indonesia" title="Radio Republik Indonesia">RRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Congolaise" title="Radiodiffusion Télévision Congolaise">RTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Gabonaise" title="Radio Télévision Gabonaise">RTG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion_Television_Ivoirienne" title="Radiodiffusion Television Ivoirienne">RTI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Malagasy" title="Télévision Malagasy">RTM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_S%C3%A9n%C3%A9galaise" title="Radiodiffusion Télévision Sénégalaise">RTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_du_Burkina" title="Radio Télévision du Burkina">RTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SABC" title="SABC">SABC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Broadcasting_Authority" title="Saudi Broadcasting Authority">SABTVS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation">SLBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan_TV" title="Sudan TV">STS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latina_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Latina Televisión">T2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Tanzania Broadcasting Corporation">TBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Independiente_de_M%C3%A9xico#1968-70:_Telecadena_Mexicana" title="Televisión Independiente de México">TCM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_FM" title="Tokyo FM">TFM/JOAU-FM</a></li> <li>TH</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Independiente_de_M%C3%A9xico" title="Televisión Independiente de México">TIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_Life_Television" title="Time Life Television">TIME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telesistema_Mexicano" title="Telesistema Mexicano">TSM</a></li> <li>TSN</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisa" title="Televisa">TVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVB" title="TVB">TVB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_of_Mauritania" title="Television of Mauritania">TVM</a> <i><abbr title="Mauritania">(MR)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Nacional_de_Chile" title="Televisión Nacional de Chile">TVN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVRI" title="TVRI">TVRI</a></li> <li>UAERTVD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Information_Agency" title="United States Information Agency">USIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Kenya Broadcasting Corporation">VK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezolana_de_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Venezolana de Televisión">VV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio-T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_nationale_congolaise" title="Radio-Télévision nationale congolaise">VZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WGBH_Educational_Foundation" title="WGBH Educational Foundation">WGBH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation">ZBC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Approved<br />participants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arte" title="Arte">Arte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalunya_R%C3%A0dio" title="Catalunya Ràdio">CAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellnex" title="Cellnex">Cellnex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euronews" title="Euronews">Euronews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_l%27audiovisuel" title="Institut national de l'audiovisuel">INA</a></li> <li>JPMRD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Television_of_Vojvodina" title="Radio Television of Vojvodina">RTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV5Monde" title="TV5Monde">TV5Monde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abertis" title="Abertis">Abertis</a></li> <li>AH</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Educational_Television" title="Israeli Educational Television">IETV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MBC_Group" title="MBC Group">MEBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retevisi%C3%B3n" title="Retevisión">RETE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Television_and_Radio_Broadcasting_Network" title="Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network">RTRN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentech" title="Sentech">SNTC</a></li> <li>URTI</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Department_for_Culture,_Media_and_Sport" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Department_for_Culture,_Media_and_Sport" title="Template:Department for Culture, Media and Sport"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Department_for_Culture,_Media_and_Sport" title="Template talk:Department for Culture, Media and Sport"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Department_for_Culture,_Media_and_Sport" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Department for Culture, Media and Sport"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Department_for_Culture,_Media_and_Sport" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Culture,_Media_and_Sport" title="Department for Culture, Media and Sport">Department for Culture, Media and Sport</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Headquarters: <a href="/wiki/Government_Offices_Great_George_Street" title="Government Offices Great George Street">100 Parliament Street</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_for_Culture,_Media_and_Sport#Ministers" title="Department for Culture, Media and Sport">Ministers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Culture,_Media_and_Sport" title="Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport">Secretary of State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Nandy" title="Lisa Nandy">Lisa Nandy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State" title="Minister of State">Minister of State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State_for_Creative_Industries,_Arts_and_Tourism" title="Minister of State for Creative Industries, Arts and Tourism">Minister of State for Creative Industries, Arts and Tourism</a>:</b></i> <a href="/wiki/Chris_Bryant" title="Chris Bryant">Chris Bryant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Under-Secretary_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State">Under-Secretaries<br />of State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Under-Secretary_of_State_for_Sport,_Media,_Civil_Society_and_Youth" title="Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Sport, Media, Civil Society and Youth">Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Sport, Media, Civil Society and Youth</a>:</b></i> <a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Peacock" title="Stephanie Peacock">Stephanie Peacock</a></li> <li><i><b>Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Gambling:</b></i> <a href="/wiki/Fiona_Twycross,_Baroness_Twycross" title="Fiona Twycross, Baroness Twycross">The Baroness Twycross</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Non-ministerial_government_department" title="Non-ministerial government department">Non-ministerial<br />departments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charity_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Charity Commission">Charity Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">National Archives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Non-departmental_public_body" title="Non-departmental public body">Non-departmental<br />public bodies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Advisory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advisory_Council_on_National_Records_and_Archives" title="Advisory Council on National Records and Archives">Advisory Council on National Records and Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reviewing_Committee_on_the_Export_of_Works_of_Art" title="Reviewing Committee on the Export of Works of Art">Reviewing Committee on the Export of Works of Art and Objects of Cultural Interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatres_Trust" title="Theatres Trust">Theatres Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treasure_Valuation_Committee" title="Treasure Valuation Committee">Treasure Valuation Committee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Executive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arts_Council_England" title="Arts Council England">Arts Council England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute" title="British Film Institute">British Film Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_Commission" title="Gambling Commission">Gambling Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horserace_Betting_Levy_Board" title="Horserace Betting Levy Board">Horserace Betting Levy Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_Memorial_Fund" title="National Heritage Memorial Fund">National Heritage Memorial Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Lottery_Community_Fund" title="National Lottery Community Fund">National Lottery Community Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_England" title="Sport England">Sport England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_Grounds_Safety_Authority" title="Sports Grounds Safety Authority">Sports Grounds Safety Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Anti-Doping" title="UK Anti-Doping">UK Anti-Doping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Sport" title="UK Sport">UK Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VisitBritain" title="VisitBritain">VisitBritain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VisitEngland" title="VisitEngland">VisitEngland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horniman_Museum" title="Horniman Museum">Horniman Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Home" title="Museum of the Home">Museum of the Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_War_Museums" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial War Museums">Imperial War Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Gallery" title="National Gallery">National Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museums_Liverpool" title="National Museums Liverpool">National Museums Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery,_London" title="National Portrait Gallery, London">National Portrait Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_History_Museum,_London" title="Natural History Museum, London">Natural History Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Armouries" title="Royal Armouries">Royal Armouries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Museums_Greenwich" title="Royal Museums Greenwich">Royal Museums Greenwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_Museum_Group" title="Science Museum Group">Science Museum Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Soane%27s_Museum" title="Sir John Soane's Museum">Sir John Soane's Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tate" title="Tate">Tate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">Victoria and Albert Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallace_Collection" title="Wallace Collection">Wallace Collection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tribunal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Horserace_Betting_Levy_Appeal_Tribunal" title="Horserace Betting Levy Appeal Tribunal">Horserace Betting Levy Appeal Tribunal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">BBC</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/BBC_Board" title="BBC Board">BBC Board</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Four_Television_Corporation" title="Channel Four Television Corporation">Channel Four Television Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churches_Conservation_Trust" title="Churches Conservation Trust">Churches Conservation Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Royal_Palaces" title="Historic Royal Palaces">Historic Royal Palaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Citizen_Service" title="National Citizen Service">National Citizen Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S4C" title="S4C">S4C</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/S4C_Authority" title="S4C Authority">S4C Authority</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Parks" title="The Royal Parks">The Royal Parks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Department_for_Culture,_Media_and_Sport" title="Category:Department for Culture, Media and Sport">Category</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Media_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Media_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Media in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Media_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:Media in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Media_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Media in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Media_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Mass media in the United Kingdom">Media in the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="UK_national_newspapers,_magazines,_and_other_periodicals" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">UK national newspapers, magazines, and other periodicals</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Newspapers(History,_Circulation)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of newspapers in the United Kingdom">Newspapers</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/History_of_British_newspapers" title="History of British newspapers">History</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_the_United_Kingdom_by_circulation" title="List of newspapers in the United Kingdom by circulation">Circulation</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Broadsheet" title="Broadsheet">Broadsheet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Telegraph" title="The Sunday Telegraph">The Sunday Telegraph</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Times" title="The Sunday Times">The Sunday Times</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Compact_(newspaper)" title="Compact (newspaper)">Compact</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/I_(newspaper)" title="I (newspaper)">i</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middle-market_newspaper" title="Middle-market newspaper">Middle-market</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Express" title="Daily Express">Daily Express</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Mail" title="Daily Mail">Daily Mail</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mail_on_Sunday" title="The Mail on Sunday">The Mail on Sunday</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tabloid_(newspaper_format)" title="Tabloid (newspaper format)">Tabloid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Mirror" title="Daily Mirror">Daily Mirror</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sunday_Mirror" title="Sunday Mirror">Sunday Mirror</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Morning_Star_(British_newspaper)" title="Morning Star (British newspaper)">Morning Star</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_People" class="mw-redirect" title="The Sunday People">The Sunday People</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Star_(United_Kingdom)" title="Daily Star (United Kingdom)">Daily Star</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Star_Sunday" title="Daily Star Sunday">Daily Star Sunday</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)" title="The Sun (United Kingdom)">The Sun</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sunday_Sport" title="Sunday Sport">Sunday Sport</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Weekend_Sport_(tabloid)" class="mw-redirect" title="Weekend Sport (tabloid)">Weekend Sport</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Midweek_Sport" class="mw-redirect" title="Midweek Sport">Midweek Sport</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magazines and<br />other periodicals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_magazines_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of magazines in the United Kingdom">List of magazines in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_magazines_by_circulation#United_Kingdom" title="List of magazines by circulation">List of magazines by circulation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Radio_in_the_UK" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Radio in the United Kingdom">Radio in the UK</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#National_analogue_and_digital_stations" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">National<br />stations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio" title="BBC Radio">BBC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_1" title="BBC Radio 1">BBC Radio 1</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_1Xtra" title="BBC Radio 1Xtra">BBC Radio 1Xtra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_2" title="BBC Radio 2">BBC Radio 2</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_3" title="BBC Radio 3">BBC Radio 3</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4_Extra" title="BBC Radio 4 Extra">BBC Radio 4 Extra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_5_Live" title="BBC Radio 5 Live">BBC Radio 5 Live</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_5_Sports_Extra" title="BBC Radio 5 Sports Extra">BBC Radio 5 Sports Extra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_6_Music" title="BBC Radio 6 Music">BBC Radio 6 Music</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Asian_Network" title="BBC Asian Network">BBC Asian Network</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_World_Service" title="BBC World Service">BBC World Service</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_National_DAB" title="BBC National DAB">BBC National DAB</a> (multiplex)</dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Independent_National_Radio" title="Independent National Radio">Independent<br />/ commercial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_Network" title="Absolute Radio Network">Absolute Radio Network</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/British_Forces_Broadcasting_Service" title="British Forces Broadcasting Service">BFBS Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Capital_(radio_network)" title="Capital (radio network)">Capital</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Capital_Xtra" title="Capital Xtra">Capital Xtra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Classic_FM_(UK)" title="Classic FM (UK)">Classic FM</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Digital_One" title="Digital One">Digital One</a> (multiplex)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gold_(British_radio_network)" title="Gold (British radio network)">Gold</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Greatest_Hits_Radio" title="Greatest Hits Radio">Greatest Hits Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Heart_(radio_network)" title="Heart (radio network)">Heart</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hits_Radio" title="Hits Radio">Hits Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jazz_FM_(UK)" title="Jazz FM (UK)">Jazz FM</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kiss_Network" title="Kiss Network">Kiss Network</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/LBC" title="LBC">LBC</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/LBC_News" title="LBC News">LBC News</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Magic_(UK_radio_station)" title="Magic (UK radio station)">Magic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Magic_Classical" title="Magic Classical">Magic Classical</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Premier_Christian_Radio" title="Premier Christian Radio">Premier Christian Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/RNIB_Connect_Radio" title="RNIB Connect Radio">RNIB Connect Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sound_Digital" title="Sound Digital">Sound Digital</a> (multiplex)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Smooth_Radio_(2014)" title="Smooth Radio (2014)">Smooth Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Talksport" title="Talksport">talkSPORT</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Talkradio" title="Talkradio">TalkRadio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Times_Radio" title="Times Radio">Times Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/United_Christian_Broadcasters" title="United Christian Broadcasters">UCB UK</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Radio_UK" title="Virgin Radio UK">Virgin Radio UK</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Radio_X_(United_Kingdom)" title="Radio X (United Kingdom)">Radio X</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#Local_and_regional_analogue_and_digital_stations" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">Regional<br />and local<br />stations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/BBC_Local_Radio" title="BBC Local Radio">BBC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#BBC_Local_Radio" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of BBC Local Radio stations</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Scotland" title="BBC Radio Scotland">BBC Radio Scotland</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_nan_G%C3%A0idheal" title="BBC Radio nan Gàidheal">BBC Radio nan Gàidheal</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Ulster" title="BBC Radio Ulster">BBC Radio Ulster</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Foyle" title="BBC Radio Foyle">BBC Radio Foyle</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Wales" title="BBC Radio Wales">BBC Radio Wales</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Cymru" title="BBC Radio Cymru">BBC Radio Cymru</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Cymru_2" title="BBC Radio Cymru 2">Cymru 2</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Independent_Local_Radio" title="Independent Local Radio">Independent<br />/ commercial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#Community_radio_stations" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of community radio stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#Commercial_radio" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of local commercial radio stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#Semi-national_analogue_and_digital_stations" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of semi-national / regional analogue and digital radio stations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br />stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#Hospital_radio_stations" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of hospital radio stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirate_radio_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Pirate radio in the United Kingdom">Pirate radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restricted_Service_Licence" title="Restricted Service Licence">Restricted Service Licence</a> (RSL) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#RSL_stations" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of RSL stations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#Satellite_radio_stations" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of satellite radio stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#Student_and_schools_radio" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of student and schools radio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House" title="Broadcasting House">Broadcasting House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FM_broadcasting_in_the_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="FM broadcasting in the UK">FM broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dock10_(television_facility)" title="Dock10 (television facility)">Dock10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Academy" title="Radio Academy">Radio Academy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Academy_Awards" title="Radio Academy Awards">Radio Academy Awards</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Independents_Group" title="Radio Independents Group">Radio Independents Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAJAR" title="RAJAR">RAJAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-listened-to_radio_programs" title="List of most-listened-to radio programs">Most listened to programmes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Television_in_the_UK" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Television in the United Kingdom">Television in the UK</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Principalchannels(List)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Principal<br />channels<br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_television_channels_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of television channels in the United Kingdom">List</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/BBC_Television" title="BBC Television">BBC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_One" title="BBC One">BBC One</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Two" title="BBC Two">BBC Two</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Three" title="BBC Three">BBC Three</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Four" title="BBC Four">BBC Four</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_News_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC News (TV channel)">BBC News</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Parliament" title="BBC Parliament">BBC Parliament</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Alba" title="BBC Alba">BBC Alba</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Scotland_(TV_channel)" title="BBC Scotland (TV channel)">BBC Scotland</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/CBBC" title="CBBC">CBBC</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/CBeebies" title="CBeebies">CBeebies</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/ITV1" title="ITV1">ITV1</a>/<a href="/wiki/STV_(TV_channel)" title="STV (TV channel)">STV</a>/<a href="/wiki/UTV_(TV_channel)" title="UTV (TV channel)">UTV</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/ITV2" title="ITV2">ITV2</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/ITV3" title="ITV3">ITV3</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/ITV4" title="ITV4">ITV4</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/ITVBe" title="ITVBe">ITVBe</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Channel_Four_Television_Corporation" title="Channel Four Television Corporation">Channel 4</a>/<a href="/wiki/S4C_Authority" title="S4C Authority">S4C</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/S4C" title="S4C">S4C</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/E4_(TV_channel)" title="E4 (TV channel)">E4</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/E4_Extra" title="E4 Extra">E4 Extra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Film4" title="Film4">Film4</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/More4" title="More4">More4</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/4seven" title="4seven">4seven</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Networks_UK_%26_Australia" title="Paramount Networks UK & Australia">Paramount</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Channel_5_(British_TV_channel)" title="Channel 5 (British TV channel)">Channel 5</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/5Star" title="5Star">5Star</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/5USA" title="5USA">5USA</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/5Select" title="5Select">5Select</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/5Action" title="5Action">5Action</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Comedy_Central_(British_TV_channel)" title="Comedy Central (British TV channel)">Comedy Central</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Comedy_Central_Extra" title="Comedy Central Extra">Comedy Central Extra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/MTV_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="MTV (British and Irish TV channel)">MTV</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/MTV_Music_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="MTV Music (British and Irish TV channel)">MTV Music</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/MTV_Hits_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="MTV Hits (British and Irish TV channel)">MTV Hits</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/MTV_80s_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="MTV 80s (British and Irish TV channel)">MTV 80s</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/MTV_90s_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="MTV 90s (British and Irish TV channel)">MTV 90s</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Nickelodeon (British and Irish TV channel)">Nickelodeon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nicktoons_(British_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicktoons (British TV channel)">Nicktoons</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nick_Jr._(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Nick Jr. (British and Irish TV channel)">Nick Jr.</a></dd> <dd>Nick Jr. Too</dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sky_UK" title="Sky UK">Sky UK</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Challenge_(TV_channel)" title="Challenge (TV channel)">Challenge</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Arts" title="Sky Arts">Sky Arts</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Atlantic" title="Sky Atlantic">Sky Atlantic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Cinema" title="Sky Cinema">Sky Cinema</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Comedy" title="Sky Comedy">Sky Comedy</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Crime" title="Sky Crime">Sky Crime</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Documentaries" title="Sky Documentaries">Sky Documentaries</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/History_(European_TV_channel)" title="History (European TV channel)">Sky History</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/H2_(A%26E_Networks)" title="H2 (A&E Networks)">Sky History 2</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Kids_(TV_channel)" title="Sky Kids (TV channel)">Sky Kids</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Max" title="Sky Max">Sky Max</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Mix" title="Sky Mix">Sky Mix</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Nature" title="Sky Nature">Sky Nature</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_News" title="Sky News">Sky News</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Replay" title="Sky Replay">Sky Replay</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Sci-Fi" title="Sky Sci-Fi">Sky Sci-Fi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Showcase" title="Sky Showcase">Sky Showcase</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Box_Office" title="Sky Box Office">Sky Sports Box Office</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Sports_F1" title="Sky Sports F1">Sky Sports F1</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Sports_News" title="Sky Sports News">Sky Sports News</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Sports_Racing" title="Sky Sports Racing">Sky Sports Racing</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Sports" title="Sky Sports">Sky Sports</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Witness_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sky Witness (TV channel)">Sky Witness</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/UKTV" title="UKTV">UKTV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/U%26Alibi" title="U&Alibi">U&Alibi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/U%26Dave" title="U&Dave">U&Dave</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/U%26Drama" title="U&Drama">U&Drama</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/U%26Eden" title="U&Eden">U&Eden</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/U%26Gold" title="U&Gold">U&Gold</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/U%26W" title="U&W">U&W</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/U%26Yesterday" title="U&Yesterday">U&Yesterday</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Discovery_EMEA" title="Warner Bros. Discovery EMEA">Warner Bros. Discovery</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Animal_Planet_(British_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal Planet (British TV channel)">Animal Planet</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Boomerang_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Boomerang (British and Irish TV channel)">Boomerang</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cartoon_Network_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Cartoon Network (British and Irish TV channel)">Cartoon Network</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cartoonito_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Cartoonito (British and Irish TV channel)">Cartoonito</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/CNN_International" title="CNN International">CNN International</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Channel_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Discovery Channel (British and Irish TV channel)">Discovery Channel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Discovery_History" title="Discovery History">Discovery History</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Science_(European_TV_channel)" title="Discovery Science (European TV channel)">Discovery Science</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Turbo" title="Discovery Turbo">Discovery Turbo</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/DMAX_(British_TV_channel)" title="DMAX (British TV channel)">DMAX</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eurosport_1" title="Eurosport 1">Eurosport 1</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eurosport_2" title="Eurosport 2">Eurosport 2</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Food_Network" title="Food Network">Food Network</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/HGTV_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="HGTV (British and Irish TV channel)">HGTV</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Investigation_Discovery_(European_TV_channel)" title="Investigation Discovery (European TV channel)">Investigation Discovery</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Quest_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Quest (TV channel)">Quest</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Quest_Red" title="Quest Red">Quest Red</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Really_(TV_channel)" title="Really (TV channel)">Really</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/TLC_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="TLC (British and Irish TV channel)">TLC</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/TNT_Sports_(United_Kingdom)" title="TNT Sports (United Kingdom)">TNT Sports</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Narrative Entertainment UK Limited</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Great!_Action" title="Great! Action">Great! Action</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Great!_Movies" title="Great! Movies">Great! Movies</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Great!_Romance" title="Great! Romance">Great! Romance</a></dd> <dd>Great! Real</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Great!_TV" title="Great! TV">Great! TV</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pop_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Pop (British and Irish TV channel)">Pop</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pop_Max" title="Pop Max">Pop Max</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services<br />and<br />platforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Prime_Video" title="Amazon Prime Video">Amazon Prime Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_iPlayer" title="BBC iPlayer">BBC iPlayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_television_by_region#United_Kingdom" title="Cable television by region">cable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_4_(VoD_service)" title="Channel 4 (VoD service)">Channel 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Digital television in the United Kingdom">digital</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Digital terrestrial television in the United Kingdom">digital terrestrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_DTT_channels_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of DTT channels in the United Kingdom">List of channels</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disney%2B" title="Disney+">Disney+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EE_TV" title="EE TV">EE TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freely" title="Freely">Freely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freesat" title="Freesat">Freesat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freesat%2B" title="Freesat+">Freesat+</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeview_(UK)" title="Freeview (UK)">Freeview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="High-definition television in the United Kingdom">high-definition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_HD_channels_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of HD channels in the United Kingdom">List of channels</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ITVX" title="ITVX">ITVX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STV_Player" title="STV Player">STV Player</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Local television in the United Kingdom">local television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/My5" title="My5">My5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Now_(streaming_service)" title="Now (streaming service)">Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount%2B" title="Paramount+">Paramount+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_Player" title="Pop Player">Pop Player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restricted_Service_Licence" title="Restricted Service Licence">Restricted Service Licence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_Kingdom#Satellite_television" title="Television in the United Kingdom">satellite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_free-to-air_channels_at_Astra_28.2%C2%B0E_(Ireland_and_the_United_Kingdom)" title="List of free-to-air channels at Astra 28.2°E (Ireland and the United Kingdom)">List of channels</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Group" title="Sky Group">Sky Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freesat_from_Sky" title="Freesat from Sky">Freesat from Sky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Demand_(Sky)" title="On Demand (Sky)">On Demand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky%2B" title="Sky+">Sky+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky%2B_HD" title="Sky+ HD">Sky+ HD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TalkTalk_TV" title="TalkTalk TV">TalkTalk TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVPlayer" title="TVPlayer">TVPlayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U_(streaming_service)" title="U (streaming service)">U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_TV" title="Virgin TV">Virgin Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FilmFlex" title="FilmFlex">FilmFlex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TiVo" title="TiVo">TiVo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%2B" title="V+">V+</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouView" title="YouView">YouView</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analogue_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Analogue television in the United Kingdom">analogue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analogue_terrestrial_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Analogue terrestrial television in the United Kingdom">analogue terrestrial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Store" title="BBC Store">BBC Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TalkTalk_TV_Store" title="TalkTalk TV Store">TalkTalk TV Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film4oD" title="Film4oD">Film4oD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Digital" title="Real Digital">Real Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_Up_TV" title="Top Up TV">Top Up TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Studios</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3_Mills_Studios" title="3 Mills Studios">3 Mills Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Cymru_Wales_New_Broadcasting_House" title="BBC Cymru Wales New Broadcasting House">BBC Cymru Wales New Broadcasting House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Elstree_Centre" title="BBC Elstree Centre">BBC Elstree Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Pacific_Quay" title="BBC Pacific Quay">BBC Pacific Quay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bottle_Yard_Studios" title="The Bottle Yard Studios">The Bottle Yard Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House" title="Broadcasting House">Broadcasting House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House,_Belfast" title="Broadcasting House, Belfast">Broadcasting House, Belfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House,_Bristol" title="Broadcasting House, Bristol">Broadcasting House, Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dock10_(television_facility)" title="Dock10 (television facility)">Dock10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elstree_Studios_(Shenley_Road)" title="Elstree Studios (Shenley Road)">Elstree Studios (Shenley Road)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_Street_Studios" title="Gas Street Studios">Gas Street Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Leeds_Studios" title="The Leeds Studios">The Leeds Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Maidstone_Studios" title="The Maidstone Studios">The Maidstone Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mailbox_Birmingham" title="Mailbox Birmingham">Mailbox Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MediaCityUK" title="MediaCityUK">MediaCityUK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granada_Studios" title="Granada Studios">Old Granada Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside_Studios" title="Riverside Studios">Riverside Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roath_Lock" title="Roath Lock">Roath Lock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sharp_Project" title="The Sharp Project">The Sharp Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Campus" title="Sky Campus">Sky Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Studios_Manchester" title="Space Studios Manchester">Space Studios Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_Centre,_London" title="Television Centre, London">Television Centre, London</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House,_Cardiff" title="Broadcasting House, Cardiff">Broadcasting House, Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dickenson_Road_Studios" title="Dickenson Road Studios">Dickenson Road Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountain_Studios" title="Fountain Studios">Fountain Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hospital_Club" title="The Hospital Club">The Hospital Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lime_Grove_Studios" title="Lime Grove Studios">Lime Grove Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limehouse_Studios" title="Limehouse Studios">Limehouse Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_London_Studios" title="The London Studios">The London Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MGM-British_Studios" title="MGM-British Studios">MGM-British Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Broadcasting_House,_Manchester" title="New Broadcasting House, Manchester">New Broadcasting House, Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pebble_Mill_Studios" title="Pebble Mill Studios">Pebble Mill Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teddington_Studios" title="Teddington Studios">Teddington Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_Centre,_Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Television Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne">Television Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_Centre,_Southampton" title="Television Centre, Southampton">Television Centre, Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Boat_Studios" title="Upper Boat Studios">Upper Boat Studios</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Television in Northern Ireland">Television in Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Scotland" title="Television in Scotland">in Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Wales" title="Television in Wales">in Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_TV_channels_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of former TV channels in the United Kingdom">Defunct channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_International_Television_Festival" title="Edinburgh International Television Festival">Edinburgh International Television Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_Kingdom#History" title="Television in the United Kingdom">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_British_television" title="List of years in British television">List of years</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="List of television stations in the United Kingdom">List of channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Student television in the United Kingdom">Student television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_Kingdom#Viewing_statistics" title="Television in the United Kingdom">Viewing statistics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_watched_television_broadcasts#United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="List of most watched television broadcasts">Most-watched broadcasts</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Companies_and_organisations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Companies and organisations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major<br />companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascential" title="Ascential">Ascential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banijay_UK_Productions" title="Banijay UK Productions">Banijay UK Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauer_Media_Audio_UK" title="Bauer Media Audio UK">Bauer Media Audio UK</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">BBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BT_Group" title="BT Group">BT Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Four_Television_Corporation" title="Channel Four Television Corporation">Channel Four Television Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daily_Mail_and_General_Trust" title="Daily Mail and General Trust">Daily Mail and General Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dentsu_International" title="Dentsu International">Dentsu International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economist_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Economist Group">Economist Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMI_Music_Publishing" title="EMI Music Publishing">EMI Music Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_plc" title="Future plc">Future plc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Media_%26_Entertainment" title="Global Media & Entertainment">Global Media & Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardian_Media_Group" title="Guardian Media Group">Guardian Media Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymarket_Media_Group" title="Haymarket Media Group">Haymarket Media Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Informa" title="Informa">Informa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITN" title="ITN">ITN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_plc" title="ITV plc">ITV plc</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narrative_Capital&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Narrative Capital (page does not exist)">Narrative Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_World" title="National World">National World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_Broadcasting" title="News Broadcasting">News Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_UK" title="News UK">News UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newsquest" title="Newsquest">Newsquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_%26_Shell" title="Northern & Shell">Northern & Shell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearson_plc" title="Pearson plc">Pearson plc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Press_Holdings" title="Press Holdings">Press Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reach_plc" title="Reach plc">Reach plc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RELX" title="RELX">RELX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Group" title="Sky Group">Sky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STV_Group" title="STV Group">STV Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syco" class="mw-redirect" title="Syco">Syco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TalkTalk_Group" title="TalkTalk Group">TalkTalk Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Networks_UK_%26_Australia" title="Paramount Networks UK & Australia">Paramount Networks UK & Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_O2" title="Virgin Media O2">Virgin Media O2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">The Walt Disney Company (UK) Ltd.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Discovery_EMEA" title="Warner Bros. Discovery EMEA">Warner Bros. Discovery EMEA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Resources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arqiva" title="Arqiva">Arqiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_book_publishers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of largest book publishers of the United Kingdom">List of largest UK book publishers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government and<br />regulatory bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advertising_Standards_Authority_(United_Kingdom)" title="Advertising Standards Authority (United Kingdom)">Advertising Standards Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Board" title="BBC Board">BBC Board</a> (formerly: <a href="/wiki/BBC_Trust" title="BBC Trust">BBC Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Governors_of_the_BBC" title="Board of Governors of the BBC">Board of Governors of the BBC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Board_of_Film_Classification" title="British Board of Film Classification">British Board of Film Classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute" title="British Film Institute">British Film Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture,_Media_and_Sport_Committee" title="Culture, Media and Sport Committee">Culture, Media, and Sport Select Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_for_Culture,_Media_and_Sport" title="Department for Culture, Media and Sport">Department for Culture, Media and Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Press_Standards_Organisation" title="Independent Press Standards Organisation">Independent Press Standards Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofcom" title="Ofcom">Ofcom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Press_Recognition_Panel" title="Press Recognition Panel">Press Recognition Panel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S4C_Authority" title="S4C Authority">S4C Authority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industry and<br />trades bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Academy_of_Film_and_Television_Arts" title="British Academy of Film and Television Arts">British Academy of Film and Television Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Phonographic_Industry" title="British Phonographic Industry">British Phonographic Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting,_Entertainment,_Cinematograph_and_Theatre_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadcasting, Entertainment, Cinematograph and Theatre Union">Broadcasting, Entertainment, Cinematograph and Theatre Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clearcast" title="Clearcast">Clearcast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_TV_Group" title="Digital TV Group">Digital TV Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equity_(trade_union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Equity (trade union)">Equity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everyone_TV" title="Everyone TV">Everyone TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_Against_Copyright_Theft" title="Federation Against Copyright Theft">Federation Against Copyright Theft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Publishers_Guild" title="Independent Publishers Guild">Independent Publishers Guild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Journalists" title="National Union of Journalists">National Union of Journalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Publishers_Association" title="The Publishers Association">The Publishers Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Television_Society" title="Royal Television Society">Royal Television Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Independent_Broadcasting" title="United Kingdom Independent Broadcasting">United Kingdom Independent Broadcasting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Academy" title="BBC Academy">BBC Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Film_and_Television_School" title="National Film and Television School">National Film and Television School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Science_and_Media_Museum" title="National Science and Media Museum">National Science and Media Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Regional_and_student_media" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Regional and student media</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Media in England <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Birmingham" title="Media in Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_London" title="Media in London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Manchester" title="Media in Manchester">Manchester</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Scotland" title="Media of Scotland">Media in Scotland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Aberdeen" title="Media in Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Dundee" title="Media in Dundee">Dundee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Glasgow" title="Media in Glasgow">Glasgow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Wales" title="Media of Wales">Media in Wales</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Cardiff" title="Media in Cardiff">Cardiff</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Student media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Student_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Student television in the United Kingdom">Student television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_student_newspapers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of student newspapers in the United Kingdom">Student press</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Mass media in the United Kingdom">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9531#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9531#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9531#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000012375150X">ISNI</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000009830888X">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/127458402">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/534503/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1002250-8">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79074359">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11873813d">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11873813d">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00358677">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35022003">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="British Broadcasting Corporation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2004238888&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1231080">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/152460">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90120635">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000077455&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000323640&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=249933">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAB201807008">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810631329905606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/8463">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="British Broadcasting Corporation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007259149305171">Israel</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058511701106706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00532021?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500274588">ULAN</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/796110">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027739708">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/label/dbeedfc9-cce7-4640-bf4f-5f3e568c77cd">MusicBrainz label</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6pk45t7">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BBC&oldid=1259154689">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BBC&oldid=1259154689</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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