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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">US organization of broadcasters with the aim of coordinating educational programs</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 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.ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/National_Association_of_Educational_Broadcasters" title="Special:EditPage/National Association of Educational Broadcasters">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22National+Association+of+Educational+Broadcasters%22">"National Association of Educational Broadcasters"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22National+Association+of+Educational+Broadcasters%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22National+Association+of+Educational+Broadcasters%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22National+Association+of+Educational+Broadcasters%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22National+Association+of+Educational+Broadcasters%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22National+Association+of+Educational+Broadcasters%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>National Association of Educational Broadcasters</b> (<b>NAEB</b>) was a US organization of broadcasters with aims to share or coordinate educational programmes. It was founded as the <b>Association of College and University Broadcasting Stations</b> (ACUBS) in 1925<sup id="cite_ref-PSea_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PSea-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as a result of <i>Fourth National Radio Conference</i>, held by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="United States Department of Commerce">U.S. Department of Commerce</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Saettler90_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saettler90-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was primarily a "program idea exchange" with 25 members that occasionally attempted to rebroadcast programs shared between them.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The original constitution for the organization read: </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd>"Believing that radio is in its very nature one of the most important factors in our national and international welfare, we, the representatives of the institutions of higher learning, engaged in educational broadcasting, do associate ourselves together to promote, by mutual cooperation and united effort, the dissemination of knowledge to the end that both the technical and educational feature of broadcasting may be extended to all."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Saettler90_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saettler90-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>ACUBS held its first annual conference July 1 and 2, 1930 in <a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus, Ohio</a> joining with the Institution of Education by Radio.<sup id="cite_ref-Saettler90_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saettler90-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 1934, the organization rewrote its constitution, and changed its name from the Association of College University Broadcasting Stations (ACUBS) to the "National Association of Educational Broadcasters."<sup id="cite_ref-PSea_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PSea-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1938, NAEB persuaded the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a> to reserve five radio channels for educational broadcasting. </p><p>In 1945 the FCC reserved five of the 40 channels in new high-frequency band for <a href="/wiki/Non-commercial_educational" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-commercial educational">Non-commercial educational</a> stations. There were initially planned to be <a href="/wiki/Amplitude_modulation" title="Amplitude modulation">AM</a> services; however, they eventually manifested as <a href="/wiki/Frequency_modulation" title="Frequency modulation">FM</a> ones. </p><p>NAEB merged with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Association_of_Education_by_Radio-Television&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Association of Education by Radio-Television (page does not exist)">Association of Education by Radio-Television</a> in 1956. It was reorganized in 1963 with two new divisions, <a href="/wiki/Educational_Television_Stations" title="Educational Television Stations">Educational Television Stations</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Educational_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="National Educational Radio">National Educational Radio</a>. These divisions lasted until 1973, when they were diminished. Their roles were taken over by <a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Broadcasting Service">Public Broadcasting Service</a> (PBS) and <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Public_Radio_Stations" title="Association of Public Radio Stations">Association of Public Radio Stations</a> (APRS) respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-Engelman,_R._1996_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Engelman,_R._1996-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The APRS became the "Washington lobby and public relations arm of CPB-qualified radio stations."<sup id="cite_ref-Engelman,_R._1996_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Engelman,_R._1996-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The APRS merged with <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">National Public Radio</a> (NPR) in 1977, which allowed NPR to provide "leadership of a full-fledged membership organization providing member stations with training, program promotion and management, and representing the interests of public radio stations before Congress, the FCC and other regulatory organizations."<sup id="cite_ref-Soundscapes_2006_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Soundscapes_2006-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before this merger, NPR was "largely a production and distribution center," so the merger was influential in making NPR what it is today.<sup id="cite_ref-Soundscapes_2006_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Soundscapes_2006-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Until it folded in 1981, NAEB was public broadcasting's primary voice, forum and program distributor. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_Educational_Broadcasters&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Archive_of_Public_Broadcasting" title="American Archive of Public Broadcasting">American Archive of Public Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Educational_Radio_Network" title="National Educational Radio Network">National Educational Radio Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="National Public Radio">National Public Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalmers_Marquis" title="Chalmers Marquis">Chalmers Marquis</a>, a former Vice President of the NAEB and broadcasting advocate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burton_Paulu" title="Burton Paulu">Burton Paulu</a>, a former President of the NAEB and manager of radio station <a href="/wiki/KUOM" title="KUOM">KUOM</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_Educational_Broadcasters&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output 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.id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSeattler2004" class="citation book cs1">Seattler, Paul (2004). <i>The evolution of American educational technology</i>. Information Age Publishing Inc. pp. 217ff. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59311-139-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-59311-139-8"><bdi>1-59311-139-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+evolution+of+American+educational+technology&rft.pages=217ff&rft.pub=Information+Age+Publishing+Inc.&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-59311-139-8&rft.aulast=Seattler&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Association+of+Educational+Broadcasters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Saettler90-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Saettler90_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Saettler90_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Saettler90_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Saettler, L. P. (1990). The evolution of American educational technology. Englewood, Colorado: Libraries Unlimited, 1990.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sterling, C. H., O'Dell, C., & Keith, M. C. (2010). The concise encyclopedia of American radio [electronic resource] / Christopher H. Sterling, editor; Cary O'Dell, assistant editor; Michael C. Keith, consulting editor. New York; London : Routledge, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Original Constitution of Association of College and University Broadcasting Stations</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Engelman,_R._1996-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Engelman,_R._1996_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Engelman,_R._1996_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Engelman, R. (1996). Public radio and television in America a political history. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Soundscapes_2006-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Soundscapes_2006_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Soundscapes_2006_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Soundscapes: The Evolution and Challenges of National Public Radio. (Fall 2006). Carnegie Results</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_Educational_Broadcasters&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120623024350/http://www.lib.umd.edu/NPBA/subinfo/naeb.html">"National Association of Educational Broadcasters (NAEB)"</a>. National Public Broadcasting Archives. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.umd.edu/NPBA/subinfo/naeb.html">the original</a> on 23 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Association+of+Educational+Broadcasters+%28NAEB%29&rft.pub=National+Public+Broadcasting+Archives&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lib.umd.edu%2FNPBA%2Fsubinfo%2Fnaeb.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Association+of+Educational+Broadcasters" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>A History of Public Broadcasting: Witherspoon, Kovitz, Avery, Stavitsky. 2000, Current Publishing Committee, Washington, DC. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9677463-0-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-9677463-0-2">0-9677463-0-2</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.lib.umd.edu/repositories/2/resources/666">Robert M. Reed papers</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland_Libraries" title="University of Maryland Libraries">University of Maryland libraries</a>. Reed served on the TV Planning and TV Advisory Committees. The papers contain information on the Association from 1954 to 1978. For more information about various NAEB employees please visit the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.lib.umd.edu/search?utf8=✓&op%5B%5D=&q%5B%5D=National+Association+of+Educational+Broadcasters+%28NAEB%29+&button=">University of Maryland Archives</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_Educational_Broadcasters&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.lib.umd.edu/repositories/2/resources/1666">National Association of Educational Broadcasters (NAEB) audio tapes</a> as well as the papers of Executive director <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.lib.umd.edu/repositories/2/resources/673">Robert A. Mott</a>, and researcher and member <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.lib.umd.edu/repositories/2/resources/1583">Warren F. Seibert</a> can be found at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland_Libraries" title="University of Maryland Libraries">University of Maryland Libraries</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wnyc.org/story/tape-network-born">Public Radio's First Program Distribution Network Born at WNYC</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="NPR" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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id="NPR" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National Association of Educational Broadcasters</a> (1925–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Educational_Radio_Network" title="National Educational Radio Network">National Educational Radio Network</a> (1961–1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Act_of_1967" title="Public Broadcasting Act of 1967">Public Broadcasting Act of 1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporation_for_Public_Broadcasting" title="Corporation for Public Broadcasting">Corporation for Public Broadcasting</a> (1967–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Public_Radio_Stations" title="Association of Public Radio Stations">Association of Public Radio Stations</a> (1973–1977)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Productions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/All_Songs_Considered" title="All Songs Considered">All Songs Considered</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/All_Things_Considered" title="All Things Considered">All Things Considered</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alt.Latino" title="Alt.Latino">Alt.Latino</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Code_Switch" title="Code Switch">Code Switch</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Consider_This_(podcast)" title="Consider This (podcast)">Consider This</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Here_and_Now_(Boston)" title="Here and Now (Boston)">Here and Now</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/How_I_Built_This" title="How I Built This">How I Built This</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Invisibilia" title="Invisibilia">Invisibilia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Morning_Edition" title="Morning Edition">Morning Edition</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/No_Compromise_(podcast)" title="No Compromise (podcast)">No Compromise</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Planet_Money" title="Planet Money">Planet Money</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rough_Translation" title="Rough Translation">Rough Translation</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/TED_(conference)" title="TED (conference)">TED</a> Radio Hour</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Thistle_%26_Shamrock" title="The Thistle & Shamrock">The Thistle & Shamrock</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Throughline" title="Throughline">Throughline</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tiny_Desk_Concerts" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiny Desk Concerts">Tiny Desk Concerts</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Up_First" title="Up First">Up First</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wait_Wait..._Don%27t_Tell_Me!" title="Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!">Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Weekend_Edition" title="Weekend Edition">Weekend Edition</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Public_Radio_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/National_Public_Radio_logo.svg/100px-National_Public_Radio_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/National_Public_Radio_logo.svg/150px-National_Public_Radio_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/National_Public_Radio_logo.svg/200px-National_Public_Radio_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="167" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Distributions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/1A_(radio_program)" title="1A (radio program)">1A</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bullseye_with_Jesse_Thorn" title="Bullseye with Jesse Thorn">Bullseye with Jesse Thorn</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Car_Talk" title="Car Talk">Car Talk</a></i> <small>(reruns only since 2012)</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fresh_Air" title="Fresh Air">Fresh Air</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/From_the_Top" title="From the Top">From the Top</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Latino_USA" title="Latino USA">Latino USA</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Stage" title="Mountain Stage">Mountain Stage</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Piano_Jazz" title="Piano Jazz">Piano Jazz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/StoryCorps" title="StoryCorps">StoryCorps</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/World_Cafe_(radio_program)" title="World Cafe (radio program)">World Cafe</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_NPR_personnel" title="List of NPR personnel">Current<br />personalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noah_Adams" title="Noah Adams">Noah Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Beardsley" title="Eleanor Beardsley">Eleanor Beardsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ailsa_Chang" title="Ailsa Chang">Ailsa Chang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Detrow" title="Scott Detrow">Scott Detrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leila_Fadel" title="Leila Fadel">Leila Fadel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Folkenflik" title="David Folkenflik">David Folkenflik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Gjelten" title="Tom Gjelten">Tom Gjelten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Gonyea" title="Don Gonyea">Don Gonyea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Gross" title="Terry Gross">Terry Gross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Hamilton" title="Jon Hamilton">Jon Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Hinojosa" title="Maria Hinojosa">Maria Hinojosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Holmes_(writer)" title="Linda Holmes (writer)">Linda Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Inskeep" title="Steve Inskeep">Steve Inskeep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Louise_Kelly" title="Mary Louise Kelly">Mary Louise Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Kuhn" title="Anthony Kuhn">Anthony Kuhn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Kurtis" title="Bill Kurtis">Bill Kurtis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mara_Liasson" title="Mara Liasson">Mara Liasson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Martin" title="Michel Martin">Michel Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Mart%C3%ADnez" title="A Martínez">A Martínez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_McEvers" title="Kelly McEvers">Kelly McEvers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Mondello" title="Bob Mondello">Bob Mondello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9e_Montagne" title="Renée Montagne">Renée Montagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michele_Norris" title="Michele Norris">Michele Norris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofeibea_Quist-Arcton" title="Ofeibea Quist-Arcton">Ofeibea Quist-Arcton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayesha_Rascoe" title="Ayesha Rascoe">Ayesha Rascoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arun_Rath" title="Arun Rath">Arun Rath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Raz" title="Guy Raz">Guy Raz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiona_Ritchie" title="Fiona Ritchie">Fiona Ritchie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Sagal" title="Peter Sagal">Peter Sagal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ari_Shapiro" title="Ari Shapiro">Ari Shapiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Simon" title="Scott Simon">Scott Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi_Singh" title="Lakshmi Singh">Lakshmi Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alix_Spiegel" title="Alix Spiegel">Alix Spiegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Stamberg" title="Susan Stamberg">Susan Stamberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juana_Summers" title="Juana Summers">Juana Summers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nina_Totenberg" title="Nina Totenberg">Nina Totenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shankar_Vedantam" title="Shankar Vedantam">Shankar Vedantam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Wertheimer" title="Linda Wertheimer">Linda Wertheimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenn_White" title="Jenn White">Jenn White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Young" title="Robin Young">Robin Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former<br />personalities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margot_Adler" title="Margot Adler">Margot Adler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Ashbrook" title="Tom Ashbrook">Tom Ashbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Barnes" title="Nancy Barnes">Nancy Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoff_Bennett_(journalist)" title="Geoff Bennett (journalist)">Geoff Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melissa_Block" title="Melissa Block">Melissa Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Boilen" title="Bob Boilen">Bob Boilen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Brand" title="Madeleine Brand">Madeleine Brand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dee_Dee_Bridgewater" title="Dee Dee Bridgewater">Dee Dee Bridgewater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Brown_(American_journalist)" title="Paul Brown (American journalist)">Paul Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Chadwick" title="Alex Chadwick">Alex Chadwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghna_Chakrabarti" title="Meghna Chakrabarti">Meghna Chakrabarti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farai_Chideya" title="Farai Chideya">Farai Chideya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neal_Conan" title="Neal Conan">Neal Conan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audie_Cornish" title="Audie Cornish">Audie Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Davidson_(journalist)" title="Adam Davidson (journalist)">Adam Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Edwards" title="Bob Edwards">Bob Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ira_Flatow" title="Ira Flatow">Ira Flatow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corey_Flintoff" title="Corey Flintoff">Corey Flintoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lulu_Garcia-Navarro" title="Lulu Garcia-Navarro">Lulu Garcia-Navarro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Garfield" title="Bob Garfield">Bob Garfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Garrels" title="Anne Garrels">Anne Garrels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Gifford" title="Rob Gifford">Rob Gifford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooke_Gladstone" title="Brooke Gladstone">Brooke Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wade_Goodwyn" title="Wade Goodwyn">Wade Goodwyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Greene_(journalist)" title="David Greene (journalist)">David Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liane_Hansen" title="Liane Hansen">Liane Hansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hockenberry" title="John Hockenberry">John Hockenberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Hobson" title="Jeremy Hobson">Jeremy Hobson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Johnson_(journalist)" title="Joshua Johnson (journalist)">Joshua Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacki_Lyden" title="Jacki Lyden">Jacki Lyden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Kasell" title="Carl Kasell">Carl Kasell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noel_King_(broadcast_journalist)" title="Noel King (broadcast journalist)">Noel King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Koppel" title="Ted Koppel">Ted Koppel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Krulwich" title="Robert Krulwich">Robert Krulwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketzel_Levine" title="Ketzel Levine">Ketzel Levine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_and_Ray_Magliozzi" title="Tom and Ray Magliozzi">Tom and Ray Magliozzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_McPartland" title="Marian McPartland">Marian McPartland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lulu_Miller" title="Lulu Miller">Lulu Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Poggioli" title="Sylvia Poggioli">Sylvia Poggioli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Rehm" title="Diane Rehm">Diane Rehm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cokie_Roberts" title="Cokie Roberts">Cokie Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Rudin" title="Ken Rudin">Ken Rudin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Schorr" title="Daniel Schorr">Daniel Schorr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Seabrook" title="Andrea Seabrook">Andrea Seabrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Siegel" title="Robert Siegel">Robert Siegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertamae_Smart-Grosvenor" title="Vertamae Smart-Grosvenor">Vertamae Smart-Grosvenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alison_Stewart" title="Alison Stewart">Alison Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Suarez" title="Ray Suarez">Ray Suarez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanford_J._Ungar" title="Sanford J. Ungar">Sanford J. Ungar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Williams" title="Juan Williams">Juan Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Wilson_(jazz_singer)" title="Nancy Wilson (jazz singer)">Nancy Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Windham" title="Craig Windham">Craig Windham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former<br />productions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ask_Me_Another_(radio_program)" title="Ask Me Another (radio program)">Ask Me Another</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bryant_Park_Project" title="Bryant Park Project">Bryant Park Project</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Day_to_Day" title="Day to Day">Day to Day</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Diane_Rehm_Show" title="The Diane Rehm Show">The Diane Rehm Show</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Earplay" title="Earplay">Earplay</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jazz_Profiles" title="Jazz Profiles">Jazz Profiles</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/News_%26_Notes" title="News & Notes">News & Notes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/NPR_Playhouse" title="NPR Playhouse">NPR Playhouse</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Only_a_Game" title="Only a Game">Only a Game</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Radio_Expeditions" title="Radio Expeditions">Radio Expeditions</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Talk_of_the_Nation" title="Talk of the Nation">Talk of the Nation</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tell_Me_More" title="Tell Me More">Tell Me More</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Re:Union" title="State of the Re:Union">State of the Re:Union</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Public_Media" title="American Public Media">American Public Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NPR_stations" title="List of NPR stations">NPR stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPR_Music" title="NPR Music">NPR Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPR_controversies" title="NPR controversies">NPR controversies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPR_One" class="mw-redirect" title="NPR One">NPR One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_Casts" title="Pocket Casts">Pocket Casts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Radio_Satellite_System" title="Public Radio Satellite System">Public Radio Satellite System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifica_Foundation" title="Pacifica Foundation">Pacifica Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Radio_Exchange" title="Public Radio Exchange">Public Radio Exchange</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_Radio_International" title="Public Radio International">Public Radio International</a>, 1983–2019</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="PBS" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#2638C4; color:#FFFFFF;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:PBS" title="Template:PBS"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:PBS" title="Template talk:PBS"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:PBS" title="Special:EditPage/Template:PBS"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="PBS" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">PBS</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#2638C4; color:#FFFFFF;;color: #FFFFFF; background-color: #2638C4;"><div> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="color:white;">National Association of Educational Broadcasters</span></a> (1925–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Educational_Television" title="National Educational Television"><span style="color:white;">National Educational Television</span></a> (1952–1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Public_Television" title="American Public Television"><span style="color:white;">American Public Television</span></a> (1961–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_Television_Stations" title="Educational Television Stations"><span style="color:white;">Educational Television Stations</span></a> (1963–1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Act_of_1967" title="Public Broadcasting Act of 1967"><span style="color:white;">Public Broadcasting Act of 1967</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporation_for_Public_Broadcasting" title="Corporation for Public Broadcasting"><span style="color:white;">Corporation for Public Broadcasting</span></a> (1967–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Public_Television_Stations" title="America's Public Television Stations"><span style="color:white;">America's Public Television Stations</span></a> (1979–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#2638C4; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Documentaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Independent_Lens" title="Independent Lens">Independent Lens</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Independent_Lens_films" title="List of Independent Lens films">episodes</a>) (since August 9, 1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PBS_Short_Film_Festival" title="PBS Short Film Festival">PBS Short Film Festival</a></i> (since 2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/POV_(TV_series)" title="POV (TV series)">POV</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_POV_episodes" title="List of POV episodes">episodes</a>) (since July 5, 1988)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#2638C4; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Drama</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Masterpiece_(TV_series)" title="Masterpiece (TV series)">Masterpiece</a></i> (since January 10, 1971)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#2638C4; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Music and fine arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Masters" title="American Masters">American Masters</a></i> (since June 22, 1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Art:21" title="Art:21">Art:21</a></i> (since 2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Austin_City_Limits" title="Austin City Limits">Austin City Limits</a></i> (since January 3, 1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bluegrass_Underground" title="Bluegrass Underground">Bluegrass Underground</a></i> (since 2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Craft_in_America" title="Craft in America">Craft in America</a></i> (since 2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Great_Performances" title="Great Performances">Great Performances</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Great_Performances_episodes" title="List of Great Performances episodes">episodes</a>) (since November 4, 1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Next_at_the_Kennedy_Center" title="Next at the Kennedy Center">Next at the Kennedy Center</a></i> (since 2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#2638C4; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Experience" title="American Experience">American Experience</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Experience_episodes" title="List of American Experience episodes">episodes</a>) (since October 4, 1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Antiques_Roadshow_(American_TV_program)" title="Antiques Roadshow (American TV program)">Antiques Roadshow</a></i> (since January 9, 1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Finding_Your_Roots" title="Finding Your Roots">Finding Your Roots</a></i> (since March 25, 2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Secrets_of_the_Dead" title="Secrets of the Dead">Secrets of the Dead</a></i> (since May 15, 2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#2638C4; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">News and public affairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amanpour_%26_Company" title="Amanpour & Company">Amanpour & Company</a></i> (since September 10, 2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/BBC_World_News_America" title="BBC World News America">BBC World News America</a></i> (since June 3, 2019 from <a href="/wiki/American_Public_Television" title="American Public Television">American Public Television</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Firing_Line_(TV_program)" title="Firing Line (TV program)">Firing Line</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Firing_Line_episodes" title="List of Firing Line episodes">episodes</a>) (April 4, 1966 – December 26, 1999; since June 22, 2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frontline_(American_TV_program)" title="Frontline (American TV program)">Frontline</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Frontline_(American_TV_program)_episodes" title="List of Frontline (American TV program) episodes">episodes</a>) (since January 17, 1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PBS_News_Hour" title="PBS News Hour">PBS News Hour</a></i> (since October 20, 1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/To_the_Contrary" title="To the Contrary">To the Contrary</a></i> (since April 3, 1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Week" title="Washington Week">Washington Week</a></i> (since February 23, 1967)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#2638C4; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Personalities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samantha_Brown" title="Samantha Brown">Samantha Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Burns" title="Ken Burns">Ken Burns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ric_Burns" title="Ric Burns">Ric Burns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Gerson" title="Michael Gerson">Michael Gerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Holmes" title="Amy Holmes">Amy Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Moyers" title="Bill Moyers">Bill Moyers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hari_Sreenivasan" title="Hari Sreenivasan">Hari Sreenivasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Woodruff" title="Judy Woodruff">Judy Woodruff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#2638C4; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">How-to and special interest</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/MotorWeek" title="MotorWeek">MotorWeek</a></i> (since October 15, 1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/This_Old_House" title="This Old House">This Old House</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_This_Old_House_episodes" title="List of This Old House episodes">episodes</a>) (since January 1, 1979)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#2638C4; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Science and nature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(TV_program)" title="Nature (TV program)">Nature</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Nature_episodes" title="List of Nature episodes">episodes</a>) (since October 10, 1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nova_(American_TV_program)" title="Nova (American TV program)">Nova</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Nova_episodes" title="List of Nova episodes">episodes</a>) (since March 3, 1974)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#2638C4; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Networks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Create_(TV_network)" title="Create (TV network)">Create</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PBS_America" title="PBS America">PBS America</a> (UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PBS_Digital_Studios" title="PBS Digital Studios">PBS Digital Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PBS_Kids" title="PBS Kids">PBS Kids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PBS_YOU" title="PBS YOU">PBS YOU</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Channel" title="World Channel">World Channel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#2638C4; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Major stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Boston <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WGBH-TV" title="WGBH-TV">WGBH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WGBX-TV" title="WGBX-TV">WGBX</a></li></ul></li> <li>Chicago <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WTTW" title="WTTW">WTTW</a></li></ul></li> <li>Dallas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KERA-TV" title="KERA-TV">KERA</a></li></ul></li> <li>Houston <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KUHT" title="KUHT">KUHT</a></li></ul></li> <li>Los Angeles <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KCET" title="KCET">KCET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLCS" title="KLCS">KLCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOCE-TV" title="KOCE-TV">KOCE</a></li></ul></li> <li>Maryland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Public_Television" title="Maryland Public Television">MPT</a></li></ul></li> <li>Miami–Ft. Lauderdale–West Palm Beach <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WLRN-TV" title="WLRN-TV">WLRN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WPBT" title="WPBT">WPBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WXEL-TV" title="WXEL-TV">WXEL</a></li></ul></li> <li>New Jersey <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NJ_PBS" title="NJ PBS">NJ PBS</a></li></ul></li> <li>New York <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WLIW_(TV)" title="WLIW (TV)">WLIW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNET" title="WNET">WNET</a></li></ul></li> <li>Philadelphia–Wilmington–Lehigh Valley <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WHYY-TV" title="WHYY-TV">WHYY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WLVT-TV" title="WLVT-TV">WLVT</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pittsburgh <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WQED_(TV)" title="WQED (TV)">WQED</a></li></ul></li> <li>San Francisco/Watsonville/San Jose <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KQED_(TV)" title="KQED (TV)">KQED</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KQEH" title="KQEH">KQEH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KQED_(TV)" title="KQED (TV)">KQET</a></li></ul></li> <li>Tampa–St. Petersburg <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WEDQ" title="WEDQ">WEDQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WEDU" title="WEDU">WEDU</a></li></ul></li> <li>Washington, D.C. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WETA-TV" title="WETA-TV">WETA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WHUT-TV" title="WHUT-TV">WHUT</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#2638C4; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/BBC_OS" title="BBC OS">BBC OS</a></i> (January 1, 2020 – March 30, 2023)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Chef%27s_Life" title="A Chef's Life">A Chef's Life</a></i> (September 7, 2013 – October 22, 2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Need_to_Know_(TV_program)" title="Need to Know (TV program)">Need to Know</a></i> (May 7, 2010 – June 28, 2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/We%27ll_Meet_Again_with_Ann_Curry" title="We'll Meet Again with Ann Curry">We'll Meet Again with Ann Curry</a></i> (January 23, 2018 – January 8, 2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#2638C4; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PBS_member_stations" title="List of PBS member stations">List of PBS member stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_programs_broadcast_by_PBS" title="List of programs broadcast by PBS">List of programs broadcast by PBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PBS_Distribution" title="PBS Distribution">PBS Distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PBS_Satellite_Service" title="PBS Satellite Service">PBS Satellite Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#2638C4; color:#FFFFFF;"><div> <ul><li><sup>1</sup>Defunct network</li> <li><sup>2</sup>Distributed by <a href="/wiki/American_Public_Television" title="American Public Television"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">American Public Television</span></a> (APT)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_European_Broadcasting_Union" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Broadcasting_Union_members" title="Template:European Broadcasting Union members"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Broadcasting_Union_members" title="Template talk:European Broadcasting Union members"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Broadcasting_Union_members" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Broadcasting Union members"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_European_Broadcasting_Union" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Members of the <a href="/wiki/European_Broadcasting_Union" title="European Broadcasting Union">European Broadcasting Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active<br />members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARD_(broadcaster)" title="ARD (broadcaster)">ARD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayerischer_Rundfunk" title="Bayerischer Rundfunk">BR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutschlandradio" title="Deutschlandradio">DLR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">DW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hessischer_Rundfunk" title="Hessischer Rundfunk">HR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitteldeutscher_Rundfunk" title="Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk">MDR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norddeutscher_Rundfunk" title="Norddeutscher Rundfunk">NDR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Bremen" title="Radio Bremen">RB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rundfunk_Berlin-Brandenburg" title="Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg">RBB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saarl%C3%A4ndischer_Rundfunk" title="Saarländischer Rundfunk">SR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCdwestrundfunk" title="Südwestrundfunk">SWR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westdeutscher_Rundfunk" title="Westdeutscher Rundfunk">WDR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Radio_of_Armenia" title="Public Radio of Armenia">ARMR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Television_Company_of_Armenia" title="Public Television Company of Armenia">ARMTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_and_Television_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Radio and Television of Bosnia and Herzegovina">BHRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_National_Radio" title="Bulgarian National Radio">BNR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_National_Television" title="Bulgarian National Television">BNT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Radio" title="Czech Radio">ČRo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Television" title="Czech Television">ČT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation">CyBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DR_(broadcaster)" title="DR (broadcaster)">DR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Algeria" title="Radio Algeria">ENRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Establishment_of_Television" title="Public Establishment of Television">EPTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eesti_Rahvusringh%C3%A4%C3%A4ling" title="Eesti Rahvusringhääling">ERR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eesti_Raadio" title="Eesti Raadio">ER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eesti_Televisioon" title="Eesti Televisioon">ETV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_100,7" title="Radio 100,7">ERSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation">ERT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Radio" title="Hellenic Radio">ERA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Public_Broadcaster" title="Georgian Public Broadcaster">GPB</a></li> <li>GRF <ul><li><a href="/wiki/France_M%C3%A9dias_Monde" title="France Médias Monde">FMM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9visions" title="France Télévisions">FTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_France" title="Radio France">RF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Radiotelevision" title="Croatian Radiotelevision">HRT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Radio" title="Croatian Radio">HR</a></li></ul></li> <li>İCTI <ul><li>İR</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0ctimai_Television" title="İctimai Television">İTV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Radio_and_Television_Corporation" title="Jordan Radio and Television Corporation">JRTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Public_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Israeli Public Broadcasting Corporation">KAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya_National_Channel" title="Libya National Channel">LNC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_National_Radio_and_Television" title="Lithuanian National Radio and Television">LRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_of_Latvia" title="Public Broadcasting of Latvia">LSM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latvijas_Radio" title="Latvijas Radio">LR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Television" title="Latvian Television">LTV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco_Media_Diffusion" title="Monaco Media Diffusion">MMD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Radio_Television" title="Macedonian Radio Television">MRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTVA_(Hungary)" class="mw-redirect" title="MTVA (Hungary)">MTVA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duna_M%C3%A9dia" title="Duna Média">Duna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_Publieke_Omroep_(organisation)" title="Nederlandse Publieke Omroep (organisation)">NPO</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AVROTROS" title="AVROTROS">AVROTROS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNNVARA" title="BNNVARA">BNNVARA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelische_Omroep" title="Evangelische Omroep">EO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistische_Omroep" title="Humanistische Omroep">HUMAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRO-NCRV" title="KRO-NCRV">KRO-NCRV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omroep_MAX" title="Omroep MAX">MAX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_Omroep_Stichting" title="Nederlandse Omroep Stichting">NOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omroep_NTR" title="Omroep NTR">NTR</a></li> <li>ON</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowNed" title="PowNed">PowNed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stichting_Ether_Reclame" class="mw-redirect" title="Stichting Ether Reclame">Ster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VPRO" title="VPRO">VPRO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNL_(broadcaster)" title="WNL (broadcaster)">WNL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omroep_Zwart" title="Omroep Zwart">Zwart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NRK" title="NRK">NRK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Media_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="National Media Authority">NTU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ORF_(broadcaster)" title="ORF (broadcaster)">ORF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Services" title="Public Broadcasting Services">PBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polskie_Radio" title="Polskie Radio">PR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAI" title="RAI">RAI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Radio_Broadcasting_Company" title="Romanian Radio Broadcasting Company">ROR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTBF" title="RTBF">RTBF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_and_Television_of_Montenegro" title="Radio and Television of Montenegro">RTCG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89" title="RTÉ">RTÉ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTL_Group" title="RTL Group">RTL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1dio_e_Televis%C3%A3o_de_Portugal" title="Rádio e Televisão de Portugal">RTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Television_of_Serbia" title="Radio Television of Serbia">RTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTSH" title="RTSH">RTSH</a></li> <li>RTT <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Tunisienne" title="Radio Tunisienne">RT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Tunisienne" title="Télévision Tunisienne">TT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_and_Television_of_Andorra" title="Radio and Television of Andorra">RTVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTVE" title="RTVE">RTVE</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Radio Nacional de España">RNE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola" title="Televisión Española">TVE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiotelevizija_Slovenija" title="Radiotelevizija Slovenija">RTVSLO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%9AV" title="RÚV">RÚV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino_RTV" title="San Marino RTV">SMRTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNRT" title="SNRT">SNRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Swiss Broadcasting Corporation">SRG SSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_Management_for_SR,_SVT,_and_UR" title="Foundation Management for SR, SVT, and UR">SRT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sveriges_Radio" title="Sveriges Radio">SR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sveriges_Television" title="Sveriges Television">SVT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Educational_Broadcasting_Company" title="Swedish Educational Broadcasting Company">UR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Television_and_Radio" title="Slovak Television and Radio">STVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspilne" title="Suspilne">SU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9diffusion_d%27Alg%C3%A9rie" title="Télédiffusion d'Algérie">TDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TG4" title="TG4">TG4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9_Liban" title="Télé Liban">TL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleradio-Moldova" title="Teleradio-Moldova">TRM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Radio_and_Television_Corporation" title="Turkish Radio and Television Corporation">TRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVMonaco" title="TVMonaco">TVM</a> <i><abbr title="Monaco">(MC)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_2_(Denmark)" class="mw-redirect" title="TV 2 (Denmark)">TV 2</a> <i><abbr title="Denmark">(DK)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_2_Group" title="TV 2 Group">TV 2</a> <i><abbr title="Norway">(NO)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telewizja_Polska" title="Telewizja Polska">TVP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVR_(TV_network)" title="TVR (TV network)">TVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Independent_Broadcasting" title="United Kingdom Independent Broadcasting">UKIB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Four_Television_Corporation" title="Channel Four Television Corporation">C4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_plc" title="ITV plc">ITV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S4C_Authority" title="S4C Authority">S4C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STV_Group" title="STV Group">STV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Radio" title="Vatican Radio">VR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VRT_(broadcaster)" title="VRT (broadcaster)">VRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yle" title="Yle">Yle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZDF" title="ZDF">ZDF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Suspended</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belteleradio" title="Belteleradio">BTRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_One_Russia" title="Channel One Russia">C1R</a></li> <li>RDO <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Mayak" title="Radio Mayak">MK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Orpheus" title="Radio Orpheus">OP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-Russia_State_Television_and_Radio_Broadcasting_Company" title="All-Russia State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company">VGTRK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antena_3_Radio" title="Antena 3 Radio">A3R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal%2B_(French_TV_channel)" title="Canal+ (French TV channel)">C+</a></li> <li>C1O</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadena_COPE" title="Cadena COPE">COPE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiocentre" title="Radiocentre">CRCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Television#1953–1992:_Czechoslovak_Television" title="Czech Television">ČST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_1" title="Europe 1">E1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ERTT" title="ERTT">ERTT</a></li> <li>GRMC <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RMC_(France)" title="RMC (France)">RMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TMC_(TV_channel)" title="TMC (TV channel)">TMC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Broadcasting_Authority" title="Independent Broadcasting Authority">IBA</a> <i><abbr title="United Kingdom">(GB)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Broadcasting_Authority" title="Israel Broadcasting Authority">IBA</a> <i><abbr title="Israel">(IL)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Television_Authority" title="Independent Television Authority">ITA</a></li> <li>ITCA</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Radio_Television" title="Yugoslav Radio Television">JRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Jamahiriya_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Libyan Jamahiriya Broadcasting Corporation">LJBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Malta" title="Television in Malta">MBA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magyar_R%C3%A1di%C3%B3" title="Magyar Rádió">MR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV3" title="MTV3">MTV</a> <i><abbr title="Finland">(FI)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magyar_Telev%C3%ADzi%C3%B3" title="Magyar Televízió">MTV</a> <i><abbr title="Hungary">(HU)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hellenic_Radio,_Internet_and_Television" title="New Hellenic Radio, Internet and Television">NERIT</a></li> <li>OFRT</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_de_Radiodiffusion_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Office de Radiodiffusion Télévision Française">ORTF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion-T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Radiodiffusion-Télévision Française">RTF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_and_Television_of_Slovakia" title="Radio and Television of Slovakia">RTVS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadena_SER" title="Cadena SER">SER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovensk%C3%BD_rozhlas" title="Slovenský rozhlas">SRo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovensk%C3%A1_telev%C3%ADzia" title="Slovenská televízia">STV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TDF_Group" title="TDF Group">TDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TF1" title="TF1">TF1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La7" title="La7">TMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV4_(Swedish_TV_channel)" title="TV4 (Swedish TV channel)">TV4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udru%C5%BEenje_javnih_radija_i_televizija" title="Udruženje javnih radija i televizija">UJRT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associate<br /> members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">ABC</a> <i><abbr title="Australia">(AU)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a> <i><abbr title="United States">(US)</abbr></i></li> <li>ACORAB</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Public_Media" title="American Public Media">APM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal_13_(Chilean_TV_network)" title="Canal 13 (Chilean TV network)">C13</a> <i><abbr title="Chile">(CL)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">CBC/SRC</a> <i><abbr title="Canada">(CA)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Media_Group" title="China Media Group">CMG</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Central_Television" title="China Central Television">CCTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Global_Television_Network" title="China Global Television Network">CGTN</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Radio" title="China National Radio">CNR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Radio_International" title="China Radio International">CRI</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Padre_Anchieta" title="Fundação Padre Anchieta">FPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeTV_Australia" title="FreeTV Australia">Free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Institute_of_Radio_and_Television" title="Cuban Institute of Radio and Television">ICRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Broadcasting" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting">IRIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khabar_Agency" title="Khabar Agency">KA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Broadcasting_System" title="Korean Broadcasting System">KBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Mauritius Broadcasting Corporation">MBC</a> <i><abbr title="Mauritius">(MU)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Television" title="Bangladesh Television">NBAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> <i><abbr title="United States">(US)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHK" title="NHK">NHK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Organization_of_Radio_and_TV_(Syria)" title="General Organization of Radio and TV (Syria)">ORTAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Oman_Television" title="Sultanate of Oman Television">PART</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustavi_2" title="Rustavi 2">RB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_New_Zealand" title="Radio New Zealand">RNZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTHK" title="RTHK">RTHK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Televisyen_Malaysia" title="Radio Televisyen Malaysia">RTM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Broadcasting_Service" title="Special Broadcasting Service">SBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Media_Group" title="Shanghai Media Group">SMG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TBS_Holdings" title="TBS Holdings">TBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imedi_Media_Holding" title="Imedi Media Holding">TEME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVNZ" title="TVNZ">TVNZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WFMT" title="WFMT">WFMT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teleamazonas" title="Teleamazonas">4TA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABERT" title="ABERT">ABERT</a></li> <li>AFMN</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Radio" title="All India Radio">AIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="América Televisión">AMÉRICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_Asahi" title="TV Asahi">ANB</a></li> <li>ATEC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Television" title="Asia Television">ATV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNS-TV" title="ZNS-TV">BCB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_P%C3%BAblica" title="Televisión Pública">C7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teledoce" title="Teledoce">C12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Trece" title="El Trece">C13</a> <i><abbr title="Argentina">(AR)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Caribbean Broadcasting Corporation">CBC</a> <i><abbr title="Barbados">(BB)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation">CBC</a> <i><abbr title="Sri Lanka">(LK)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azteca_Uno" title="Azteca Uno">CMRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporation_for_Public_Broadcasting" title="Corporation for Public Broadcasting">CPB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CTV_Television_Network" title="CTV Television Network">CTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Di%C3%A1rios_Associados" title="Diários Associados">DA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNET" title="WNET">EBC</a></li> <li>EMI</li> <li>EURT</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuji_Television" title="Fuji Television">FTN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Ghana Broadcasting Corporation">GBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Communications_Network,_Guyana" title="National Communications Network, Guyana">GBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_Globo" title="TV Globo">GLOBO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambia_Radio_%26_Television_Service" title="Gambia Radio & Television Service">GRTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Broadcasting_Bureau" title="International Broadcasting Bureau">IBB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inravisi%C3%B3n" title="Inravisión">IRV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Jamaica Broadcasting Corporation">JBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeem_TV" title="Jeem TV">JCC</a></li> <li>IBTE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait_Television" title="Kuwait Television">KBTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalaallit_Nunaata_Radioa" title="Kalaallit Nunaata Radioa">KNR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberia_Broadcasting_System" title="Liberia Broadcasting System">LBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Malawi Broadcasting Corporation">MBC</a> <i><abbr title="Malawi">(MW)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munhwa_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation">MBC</a> <i><abbr title="South Korea">(KR)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainichi_Broadcasting_System" title="Mainichi Broadcasting System">MBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Public_Radio" title="Minnesota Public Radio">MPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Consortium" title="Japan Consortium">NACB</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">NAEB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Radio_Corporation_of_Nigeria" title="Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria">NBC</a> <i><abbr title="Nigeria">(NG)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Broadcasting_Corporation_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="National Broadcasting Corporation of Papua New Guinea">NBC</a> <i><abbr title="Papua New Guinea">(PNG)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Educational_Television" title="National Educational Television">NET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nippon_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Nippon TV">NTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal_Television" title="Nepal Television">NTVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Radio" title="New York Public Radio">NYPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Radio_and_Television_of_Niger" title="Office of Radio and Television of Niger">ORTN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamericana_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Panamericana Televisión">PANTEL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation">PBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Television_Corporation" title="Pakistan Television Corporation">PTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_Radio" title="Qatar Radio">QR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_Television" title="Qatar Television">QTBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Caracas_Radio" title="Radio Caracas Radio">RCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RCTV" title="RCTV">RCTV</a></li> <li>RD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rede_de_Emissoras_Independentes" title="Rede de Emissoras Independentes">REI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1dio_Nacional" title="Rádio Nacional">RN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion_Nationale_Tchadienne" title="Radiodiffusion Nationale Tchadienne">RNT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Pakistan" title="Radio Pakistan">RP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Republik_Indonesia" title="Radio Republik Indonesia">RRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Congolaise" title="Radiodiffusion Télévision Congolaise">RTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Gabonaise" title="Radio Télévision Gabonaise">RTG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion_Television_Ivoirienne" title="Radiodiffusion Television Ivoirienne">RTI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Malagasy" title="Télévision Malagasy">RTM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_S%C3%A9n%C3%A9galaise" title="Radiodiffusion Télévision Sénégalaise">RTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_du_Burkina" title="Radio Télévision du Burkina">RTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SABC" title="SABC">SABC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Broadcasting_Authority" title="Saudi Broadcasting Authority">SABTVS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation">SLBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan_TV" title="Sudan TV">STS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latina_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Latina Televisión">T2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Tanzania Broadcasting Corporation">TBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Independiente_de_M%C3%A9xico#1968-70:_Telecadena_Mexicana" title="Televisión Independiente de México">TCM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_FM" title="Tokyo FM">TFM/JOAU-FM</a></li> <li>TH</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Independiente_de_M%C3%A9xico" title="Televisión Independiente de México">TIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_Life_Television" title="Time Life Television">TIME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telesistema_Mexicano" title="Telesistema Mexicano">TSM</a></li> <li>TSN</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisa" title="Televisa">TVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVB" title="TVB">TVB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_of_Mauritania" title="Television of Mauritania">TVM</a> <i><abbr title="Mauritania">(MR)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Nacional_de_Chile" title="Televisión Nacional de Chile">TVN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVRI" title="TVRI">TVRI</a></li> <li>UAERTVD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Information_Agency" title="United States Information Agency">USIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Kenya Broadcasting Corporation">VK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezolana_de_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Venezolana de Televisión">VV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio-T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_nationale_congolaise" title="Radio-Télévision nationale congolaise">VZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WGBH_Educational_Foundation" title="WGBH Educational Foundation">WGBH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation">ZBC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Approved<br />participants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arte" title="Arte">Arte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalunya_R%C3%A0dio" title="Catalunya Ràdio">CAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellnex" title="Cellnex">Cellnex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euronews" title="Euronews">Euronews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_l%27audiovisuel" title="Institut national de l'audiovisuel">INA</a></li> <li>JPMRD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Television_of_Vojvodina" title="Radio Television of Vojvodina">RTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV5Monde" title="TV5Monde">TV5Monde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abertis" title="Abertis">Abertis</a></li> <li>AH</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Educational_Television" title="Israeli Educational Television">IETV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MBC_Group" title="MBC Group">MEBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retevisi%C3%B3n" title="Retevisión">RETE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Television_and_Radio_Broadcasting_Network" title="Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network">RTRN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentech" title="Sentech">SNTC</a></li> <li>URTI</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17070604#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17070604#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17070604#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/133179878">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50063712">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007590069005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6rn70pt">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ruzgar-deneme-y%C3%B6netici4.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Ruzgar-deneme-y%C3%B6netici4.png/40px-Ruzgar-deneme-y%C3%B6netici4.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Ruzgar-deneme-y%C3%B6netici4.png 1.5x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This organization-related article is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. 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