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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outside_Kyrgyzstan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Outside Kyrgyzstan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Outside_Kyrgyzstan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Outside Kyrgyzstan subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Outside_Kyrgyzstan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Afghanistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afghanistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Afghanistan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Afghanistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pakistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pakistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Pakistan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pakistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kyrgyz people</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 78 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-78" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">78 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgisi%C3%ABrs" title="Kirgisiërs – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kirgisiërs" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B2" title="قرغيز – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قرغيز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirguizes" title="Kirguizes – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Kirguizes" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C4%B1r%C4%9F%C4%B1zlar" title="Qırğızlar – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qırğızlar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%BA%DB%8C%D8%B2%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="قیرغیز‌لار – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قیرغیز‌لار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyz-cho%CC%8Dk" title="Kyrgyz-cho̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kyrgyz-cho̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D1%8B%D1%80%D2%93%D1%8B%D2%99%D2%99%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ҡырғыҙҙар – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡырғыҙҙар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%8B" title="Кіргізы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кіргізы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Киргизи – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Киргизи" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirguisos" title="Kirguisos – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kirguisos" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyzov%C3%A9" title="Kyrgyzové – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kyrgyzové" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirgisiaid" title="Cirgisiaid – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cirgisiaid" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgisen" title="Kirgisen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kirgisen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgiisid" title="Kirgiisid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kirgiisid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirguises" title="Kirguises – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kirguises" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgizoj" title="Kirgizoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kirgizoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgiz" title="Kirgiz – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kirgiz" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%A7" title="قرقیزها – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قرقیزها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirghizes" title="Kirghizes – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kirghizes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirgeasaigh" title="Cirgeasaigh – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cirgeasaigh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="ГӀиргӀизой – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="ГӀиргӀизой" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyz-chhu%CC%8Dk" title="Kyrgyz-chhu̍k – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kyrgyz-chhu̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%82%A4%EB%A5%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%8A%A4%EC%9D%B8" title="키르기스인 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="키르기스인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%82%D6%80%D5%B2%D5%A6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ղրղզներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ղրղզներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97" title="किरगिज़ लोग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="किरगिज़ लोग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgizi" title="Kirgizi – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kirgizi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Kirgiz" title="Orang Kirgiz – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orang Kirgiz" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8A%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8A%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%B4%C3%A6%D0%BC" title="Хъыргъызаг адæм – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Хъыргъызаг адæм" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirghisi" title="Kirghisi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kirghisi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wong_Kirgiz" title="Wong Kirgiz – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Wong Kirgiz" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A7%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ყირგიზები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ყირგიზები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Қырғыздар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қырғыздар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qirgiz" title="Qirgiz – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Qirgiz" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirg%C4%ABzi" title="Kirgīzi – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kirgīzi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgizai" title="Kirgizai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kirgizai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgizek" title="Kirgizek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kirgizek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Киргизи – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Киргизи" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgizy_(vahoaka)" title="Kirgizy (vahoaka) – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kirgizy (vahoaka)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A7%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ყირგიზეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ყირგიზეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B2" title="قرجيز – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="قرجيز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyz-c%C5%ADk" title="Kyrgyz-cŭk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Kyrgyz-cŭk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B7%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%B4" title="Киргизүүд – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Киргизүүд" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgiezen" title="Kirgiezen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kirgiezen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AE%E3%82%B9%E4%BA%BA" title="キルギス人 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="キルギス人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="ГӀиргӀазой – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ГӀиргӀазой" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgisere" title="Kirgisere – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kirgisere" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qirg%CA%BBizlar" title="Qirgʻizlar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qirgʻizlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%95" title="ਕਿਰਗਿਜ਼ ਲੋਕ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਿਰਗਿਜ਼ ਲੋਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%BA%DB%8C%D8%B2_%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9" title="کرغیز لوک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کرغیز لوک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgizi" title="Kirgizi – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kirgizi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quirguizes" title="Quirguizes – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Quirguizes" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C4%B1r%C7%B5%C4%B1zlar" title="Qırǵızlar – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Qırǵızlar" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8B" title="Киргизы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Киргизы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кыргыыстар – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кыргыыстар" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgizistanez%C3%ABt" title="Kirgizistanezët – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kirgizistanezët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyz_people" title="Kyrgyz people – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kyrgyz people" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgizi" title="Kirgizi – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kirgizi" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgizi" title="Kirgizi – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kirgizi" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%BA%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قرغیزەکان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="قرغیزەکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Киргизи – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Киргизи" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgizi" title="Kirgizi – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kirgizi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgiisit" title="Kirgiisit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kirgiisit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgizer" title="Kirgizer – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kirgizer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="கிர்கிசுகள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கிர்கிசுகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кыргызлар – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кыргызлар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%8B" title="ชาวคีร์กีซ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชาวคีร์กีซ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D2%93%D0%B8%D0%B7%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Қирғизҳо – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Қирғизҳо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%B1rg%C4%B1zlar" title="Kırgızlar – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kırgızlar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Киргиз чон – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Киргиз чон" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D1%91%D1%81" title="Киргизъёс – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Киргизъёс" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Киргизи – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Киргизи" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%BA%D8%B2_%D9%84%D9%88%DA%AF" title="کرغز لوگ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کرغز لوگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%89%D8%B1%D8%BA%D9%89%D8%B2_%D9%85%D9%89%D9%84%D9%84%D9%89%D8%AA%D9%89" title="قىرغىز مىللىتى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="قىرغىز مىللىتى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Kyrgyz" title="Người Kyrgyz – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Kyrgyz" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%AF%E5%B0%94%E5%85%8B%E5%AD%9C%E6%97%8F" title="柯尔克孜族 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="柯尔克孜族" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%89%E7%88%BE%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="吉爾吉斯人 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="吉爾吉斯人" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E6%97%8F" title="吉尔吉斯族 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="吉尔吉斯族" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jolma_Kirghiz" title="Jolma Kirghiz – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Jolma Kirghiz" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" 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noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Turkic ethnic group in Central Asia</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Kyrgyz people</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above nickname" style="font-size:115%; font-weight:normal;"><div><span title="Kyrgyz-language text"><span lang="ky-Cyrl">кыргыздар</span></span><br /><span title="Kyrgyz-language text"><i lang="ky-Latn">qyrğyzdar</i></span><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><span title="Kyrgyz-language text"><span lang="ky-Arab" dir="rtl">قىرغىزدار</span></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:2013-09-07_Falconer_with_his_eagle_in_Barskoon_valley,_Kyrgyzstan_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/2013-09-07_Falconer_with_his_eagle_in_Barskoon_valley%2C_Kyrgyzstan_01.jpg/220px-2013-09-07_Falconer_with_his_eagle_in_Barskoon_valley%2C_Kyrgyzstan_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/2013-09-07_Falconer_with_his_eagle_in_Barskoon_valley%2C_Kyrgyzstan_01.jpg/330px-2013-09-07_Falconer_with_his_eagle_in_Barskoon_valley%2C_Kyrgyzstan_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/2013-09-07_Falconer_with_his_eagle_in_Barskoon_valley%2C_Kyrgyzstan_01.jpg/440px-2013-09-07_Falconer_with_his_eagle_in_Barskoon_valley%2C_Kyrgyzstan_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Kyrgyz <a href="/wiki/Falconry" title="Falconry">falconer</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Barskoon" title="Barskoon">Barskoon valley</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <b>5.7 million</b></span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4.9 million<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_a"><a href="#endnote_a">[a]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-census_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></th><td class="infobox-data">450,000<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></th><td class="infobox-data">202,500<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></th><td class="infobox-data">137,780<sup id="cite_ref-census2021_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2021-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></th><td class="infobox-data">65,000<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></th><td class="infobox-data">38,606<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4,000<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,130<sup id="cite_ref-unep_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unep-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,128<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,055<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></th><td class="infobox-data">6,607<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Predominantly <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWest2009440_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWest2009440-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMitchell201223–24_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitchell201223–24-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Minority <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWest2009441_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWest2009441-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMitchell201225_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitchell201225-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMitchell201224_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitchell201224-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div> <a href="/wiki/Tengrism" title="Tengrism">Tengrist</a>-<a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> <a href="/wiki/Religious_syncretism" title="Religious syncretism">syncretism</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Teleuts" title="Teleuts">Teleuts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telengits" title="Telengits">Telengits</a>, <a href="/wiki/Altai_people" title="Altai people">Altai-Kizhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakhs" title="Kazakhs">Kazakh</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic peoples</a> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0.5em;text-align:left;"><hr /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_a"><b><a href="#ref_a">^a</a></b></span> At the 2009 census, ethnic Kyrgyz constituted roughly 71% of population of Kyrgyzstan (5.36 million).</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Kyrgyz people</b> (also spelled <b>Kyrghyz</b>, <b>Kirgiz</b>, and <b>Kirghiz</b>; <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɪər/: 'ear' in 'near'">ɪər</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">KEER</span>-giz</i></a> or <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɜːr/: 'ur' in 'fur'">ɜːr</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">KUR</span>-giz</i></a>)<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are a <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic</a> <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">ethnic group</a> native to <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a>. They primarily reside in <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Kyrgyz diaspora is also found in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>. They speak the <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz language</a>, which is the official language of Kyrgyzstan.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest people known as "Kyrgyz" were the descendants of several Central Asian tribes, first emerging in western <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> around 201 BC. Modern Kyrgyz people are descended in part from the <a href="/wiki/Yenisei_Kyrgyz" title="Yenisei Kyrgyz">Yenisei Kyrgyz</a> that lived in the <a href="/wiki/Yenisey" title="Yenisey">Yenisey</a> river valley in <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>. The Kyrgyz people were constituents of the <a href="/wiki/Tiele_people" title="Tiele people">Tiele people</a>, the <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kt%C3%BCrks" title="Göktürks">Göktürks</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Khaganate" title="Uyghur Khaganate">Uyghur Khaganate</a> before establishing the <a href="/wiki/Yenisei_Kyrgyz_Khaganate" class="mw-redirect" title="Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate">Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate</a> in the 9th century, and later a Kyrgyz khanate in the 15th century.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <p>There are several theories on the origin of <a href="/wiki/Ethnonym" title="Ethnonym">ethnonym</a> <i>Kyrgyz</i>. It is often said to be derived from the <a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic word</a> <i>kyrk</i> ("forty"), with -<i>iz</i> being an old plural suffix, so <i>Kyrgyz</i> literally means "a collection of forty tribes".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPulleyblank1990108_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPulleyblank1990108-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also means "imperishable", "inextinguishable", "immortal", "unconquerable" or "unbeatable", as well as its association with the epic hero <a href="/wiki/Epic_of_Manas" title="Epic of Manas">Manas</a>, who – according to a <a href="/wiki/Founding_myth" class="mw-redirect" title="Founding myth">founding myth</a> – unified the 40 tribes against the <a href="/wiki/Khitan_people" title="Khitan people">Khitans</a>. A rival myth, recorded in 1370 in the <i><a href="/wiki/History_of_Yuan" title="History of Yuan">History of Yuan</a></i>, concerns 40 women born on a <a href="/wiki/Steppe" title="Steppe">steppe</a> motherland.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ala-Bel_pass,_Kyrgyzstan_(29561433347).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Ala-Bel_pass%2C_Kyrgyzstan_%2829561433347%29.jpg/220px-Ala-Bel_pass%2C_Kyrgyzstan_%2829561433347%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Ala-Bel_pass%2C_Kyrgyzstan_%2829561433347%29.jpg/330px-Ala-Bel_pass%2C_Kyrgyzstan_%2829561433347%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Ala-Bel_pass%2C_Kyrgyzstan_%2829561433347%29.jpg/440px-Ala-Bel_pass%2C_Kyrgyzstan_%2829561433347%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3333" data-file-height="2099" /></a><figcaption>Nomads in Kyrgyzstan</figcaption></figure> <p>The earliest records of the ethnonym appear to have been the Chinese transcriptions <i>Gekun</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">鬲昆</span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Han_Chinese" title="Eastern Han Chinese">LH</a> *<i>kek-kuən</i> < <a href="/wiki/Old_Chinese" title="Old Chinese">Old Chinese</a>: *<i>krêk-kûn</i>) and <i>Jiankun</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">堅昆</span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Han_Chinese" title="Eastern Han Chinese">LH</a> *<i>ken-kuən</i> < <a href="/wiki/Old_Chinese" title="Old Chinese">OC</a>: *<i>kên-kûn</i>). Those suggest that the original ethnonym was *<i>kirkur ~ kirgur</i> and/or *<i>kirkün</i>, and another transcription <i>Jiegu</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">結骨</span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Middle_Chinese" title="Middle Chinese">EMC</a>: *<i>kέt-kwət</i>) suggests *<i>kirkut / kirgut</i>. <a href="/wiki/Yury_Zuev" title="Yury Zuev">Yury Zuev</a> proposed that the ethnonym possibly means 'field people, field <a href="/wiki/Huns" title="Huns">Huns</a>' (cf. <a href="/wiki/Tiele_people" title="Tiele people">Tiele</a> tribal name 渾 <i>Hún</i> < <a href="/wiki/Middle_Chinese" title="Middle Chinese">MC</a> *<i>ɣuən</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Benjamin_Golden" title="Peter Benjamin Golden">Peter Golden</a> reconstructs *<i>Qïrğïz</i> < *<i>Qïrqïz</i>< *<i>Qïrqïŕ</i> and suggests a derivation from <a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic" title="Old Turkic">Old Turkic</a> <i>qır</i> 'gray' (horse color) plus suffix <i>-q(X)r/ğ(X)r</i> ~ <i>k(X)z/g(X)z</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Golden2017_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Golden2017-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Golden2018_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Golden2018-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Besides, Chinese scholars later used a number of different transcriptions for the Kyrgyz people: these include <i>Gegu</i> (紇骨), <i>Jiegu</i> (結骨), <i>Hegu</i> (紇骨), <i>Hegusi</i> (紇扢斯), <i>Hejiasi</i> (紇戛斯), <i>Hugu</i> (護骨), <i>Qigu</i> (契骨), or <i>Juwu</i> (居勿), and then, during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang</a> <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wuzong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Wuzong of Tang">Emperor Wuzong</a>, <i>Xiajiasi</i> (黠戛斯), said to mean "red face".<sup id="cite_ref-lung_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lung-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Edwin_G._Pulleyblank" title="Edwin G. Pulleyblank">Edwin G. Pulleyblank</a> surmises that "red face" was possibly a <a href="/wiki/Folk_etymology" title="Folk etymology">folk etymology</a> provided by an interpreter who explained the ethnonym based on <a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic</a> <i>qïzïl</i> ~ <i>qizqil</i>, meaning 'red'.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPulleyblank1990105_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPulleyblank1990105-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the time of the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a>, the ethnonym's original meaning had apparently been forgotten – as was shown by variations in readings of it across different reductions of the <i>History of Yuan</i>. This may have led to the adoption of <i>Kyrgyz</i> and its mythical explanation.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>During the 18th and 19th centuries, European writers used the early Romanized form <i>Kirghiz</i> – from the contemporary Russian <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">киргизы</span></span> – to refer not only to the modern Kyrgyz, but also to their more numerous northern relatives, the <a href="/wiki/Kazakhs" title="Kazakhs">Kazakhs</a>. When distinction had to be made, more specific terms were used: the Kyrgyz proper were known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Kara-Kirghiz_Autonomous_Oblast" title="Kara-Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast">Kara-Kirghiz</a></i> ("Black Kirghiz", from the colour of their tents),<sup id="cite_ref-EB11_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB11-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Kazakhs were named the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kirghiz-Kaisak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kirghiz-Kaisak (page does not exist)">Kirghiz-Kaisak</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%B7-%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%B0%D2%9B" class="extiw" title="kk:Қырғыз-қайсақ">kk</a>]</span><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or "Kirghiz-Kazak".<sup id="cite_ref-EB11_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB11-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Kyrgyz_people" title="Special:EditPage/Kyrgyz people">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Kyrgyz+people%22">"Kyrgyz people"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Kyrgyz+people%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Kyrgyz+people%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Kyrgyz+people%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Kyrgyz+people%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Kyrgyz+people%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Kyrgyz_woman.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/A_Kyrgyz_woman.JPG/170px-A_Kyrgyz_woman.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/A_Kyrgyz_woman.JPG/255px-A_Kyrgyz_woman.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/A_Kyrgyz_woman.JPG/340px-A_Kyrgyz_woman.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2686" data-file-height="3499" /></a><figcaption>A Kyrgyz woman</figcaption></figure> <p>The Kyrgyz are a <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic ethnic group</a>. Recent linguistic, genetic and archaeological evidence suggests that the earliest Turkic peoples descended from agricultural communities in <a href="/wiki/Northeast_China" title="Northeast China">Northeast China</a> who moved westwards into <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> in the late 3rd millennium BC, where they adopted a pastoral lifestyle.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobbeets2017216–218_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobbeets2017216–218-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobbeets2020_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobbeets2020-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENelson_et_al.2020_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENelson_et_al.2020-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELi_et_al.2020_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELi_et_al.2020-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUchiyama_et_al.2020_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUchiyama_et_al.2020-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the early 1st millennium BC, these peoples had become <a href="/wiki/Equestrian_nomads" class="mw-redirect" title="Equestrian nomads">equestrian nomads</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobbeets2017216–218_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobbeets2017216–218-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In subsequent centuries, the steppe populations of <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a> appear to have been progressively <a href="/wiki/Turkification" title="Turkification">Turkified</a> by an <a href="/wiki/East_Asian_people" title="East Asian people">East Asian</a> <a href="/wiki/Dominant_minority" title="Dominant minority">dominant minority</a> moving out of Mongolia.<sup id="cite_ref-Damgaard_Conclusion_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Damgaard_Conclusion-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kuang_Lee_197_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kuang_Lee_197-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Yenisei_Kyrgyz" title="Yenisei Kyrgyz">Yenisei Kyrgyz</a>, whose 9–10th century migration to the <a href="/wiki/Tian_Shan" title="Tian Shan">Tienshan area</a> was of "particularly great importance for the formative process" of the Kyrgyz,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have their origins in the western parts of modern-day <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> and first appear in written records in the Chinese annals of the <a href="/wiki/Sima_Qian" title="Sima Qian">Sima Qian</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Records_of_the_Grand_Historian" class="mw-redirect" title="Records of the Grand Historian">Records of the Grand Historian</a></i> (compiled 109-91 BCE) as <i>Gekun</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">鬲昆</span></span>, <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">隔昆</span></span>) or <i>Jiankun</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">堅昆</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-lung_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lung-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Middle Age Chinese composition <i><a href="/wiki/Tang_Huiyao" title="Tang Huiyao">Tang Huiyao</a></i> of the 8–10th century transcribed the name "Kyrgyz" as <i>Jiegu</i> (Kirgut), and their <a href="/wiki/Tamga" title="Tamga">tamga</a> was depicted as identical to the tamga of the present-day Kyrgyz tribes Azyk, Bugu, Cherik, Sary Bagysh and a few others.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbramzon197145_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbramzon197145-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 11th-century <a href="/wiki/New_Book_of_Tang" title="New Book of Tang">New Book of Tang</a> described the Kyrgyz (結骨) with red hair, white skin, and green eyes.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contemporary Persian writer <a href="/wiki/Gardizi" title="Gardizi">Gardizi</a> recounted a legend that ascribed these traits to <a href="/wiki/Saqaliba" title="Saqaliba">Saqaliba</a> ancestry in the tribe.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:YurtIssykFamily.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/YurtIssykFamily.jpg/220px-YurtIssykFamily.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/YurtIssykFamily.jpg/330px-YurtIssykFamily.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/YurtIssykFamily.jpg/440px-YurtIssykFamily.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption>A Kyrgyz family</figcaption></figure> <p>The Yenisei Kyrgyz lived in the upper <a href="/wiki/Yenisey_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Yenisey River">Yenisey River</a> valley, central <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Late_antiquity" title="Late antiquity">late antiquity</a>, the Yenisei Kyrgyz were a part of the <a href="/wiki/Tiele_people" title="Tiele people">Tiele people</a>. Later, in the <a href="/wiki/Early_Middle_Ages" title="Early Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a>, the Yenisei Kyrgyz were a part of the confederation of the <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kt%C3%BCrks" title="Göktürks">Göktürks</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Khaganate" title="Uyghur Khaganate">Uyghur Khaganate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 840, a revolt led by the Yenisei Kyrgyz brought down the Uyghur Khaganate, and brought the Yenisei Kyrgyz to a dominating position in the former <a href="/wiki/Second_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Second Turkic Khaganate">Second Turkic Khaganate</a>. With the rise to power, the center of the Kyrgyz Khaganate moved to <a href="/wiki/Jetisu" title="Jetisu">Jeti-su</a>, and brought about a spread south of the Kyrgyz to <a href="/wiki/Tian_Shan" title="Tian Shan">Tian Shan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a>, bringing them into contact with the existing peoples of what is now <a href="/wiki/Western_China" title="Western China">Western China</a>, especially the <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Empire" title="Tibetan Empire">Tibetan Empire</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Khagan" title="Khagan">khagans</a> of the Yenisei Kirghiz Khaganate claimed descent from the Han Chinese general <a href="/wiki/Li_Ling" title="Li Ling">Li Ling</a>, which was mentioned in the diplomatic correspondence between the Kirghiz khagan and the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> emperor, since the Tang imperial Li family claimed descent from Li Ling's grandfather, <a href="/wiki/Li_Guang" title="Li Guang">Li Guang</a>. The Kirghiz qaghan assisted the Tang dynasty in destroying the Uyghur Khaganate and rescuing the <a href="/wiki/Princess_Taihe" title="Princess Taihe">Princess Taihe</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghurs</a>. They also killed a Uyghur khagan in the process. </p><p>Then Kyrgyz quickly moved as far as the <a href="/wiki/Tian_Shan" title="Tian Shan">Tian Shan</a> range and maintained their dominance over this territory for about 200 years. In the 12th century, however, Kyrgyz domination had shrunk to the <a href="/wiki/Altay_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Altay Mountains">Altai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sayan_Mountains" title="Sayan Mountains">Sayan Mountains</a> as a result of <a href="/wiki/Mongol" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol">Mongol</a> expansion. With the rise of the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a> in the 13th century, the Kyrgyz migrated south. In 1207, after the establishment of <i>Yekhe Mongol Ulus</i> (Mongol empire), Genghis Khan's oldest son <a href="/wiki/Jochi" title="Jochi">Jochi</a> occupied Kyrgyzstan without resistance. The state remained a Mongol vassal until the late 14th century. Various <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic peoples</a> ruled them until 1685, when they came under the control of the <a href="/wiki/Oirats" title="Oirats">Oirats</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dzungars" class="mw-redirect" title="Dzungars">Dzungars</a>), which lasted until <a href="/wiki/Dzungar_genocide" title="Dzungar genocide">1757</a>. Many Kyrgyz tribes that had fled the Dzungars returned to modern Kyrgyzstan at this time.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kyrgyz_women_offering_butter_and_salt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Kyrgyz_women_offering_butter_and_salt.jpg/220px-Kyrgyz_women_offering_butter_and_salt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Kyrgyz_women_offering_butter_and_salt.jpg/330px-Kyrgyz_women_offering_butter_and_salt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Kyrgyz_women_offering_butter_and_salt.jpg/440px-Kyrgyz_women_offering_butter_and_salt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Kyrgyz women offering butter and salt</figcaption></figure> <p>By the 16th century, the carriers of the ethnonym <i>Kirgiz</i> lived in South <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>, Xinjiang, Tian Shan, <a href="/wiki/Pamir-Alay" title="Pamir-Alay">Pamir-Alay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middle_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Asia">Middle Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urals" class="mw-redirect" title="Urals">Urals</a> (among <a href="/wiki/Bashkirs" title="Bashkirs">Bashkirs</a>), and in <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbramzon197131_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbramzon197131-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Tian Shan and Xinjiang area, the term <i>Kyrgyz</i> retained its unifying political designation, and became a general ethnonym for the Yenisei Kirgiz and aboriginal Turkic tribes that presently constitute the Kyrgyz population.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbramzon197180–81_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbramzon197180–81-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though it is impossible to directly identify the <a href="/wiki/Yenisei" class="mw-redirect" title="Yenisei">Yenisei</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tien_Shan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tien Shan">Tien Shan</a> Kyrgyz, a trace of their ethnogenetical connections is apparent in archaeology, history, language and ethnography. A majority of modern researchers came to the conclusion that the ancestors of Kyrgyz tribes had their origin in the most ancient tribal unions of <a href="/wiki/Sakas" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakas">Sakas</a>/<a href="/wiki/Scythians" title="Scythians">Scythians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wusun" title="Wusun">Wusun</a>/<a href="/wiki/Issedones" title="Issedones">Issedones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dingling" title="Dingling">Dingling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Huns" title="Huns">Huns</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbramzon197130_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbramzon197130-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>18th-century Qing administrators referred to the Kyrgyz by the name <i>Bulute</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The oldest notes about a definite mention of the Kyrgyz ethnonym originate from the 6th century. There is a certain probability that there was relations between Kyrgyz and Gegunese<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (February 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> already in the 2nd century BC and between Kyrgyz and Khakas since the 6th century AD, but there is a missing unique mention. The Kyrgyz as an ethnic group are mentioned quite unambiguously during the time of <a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a>'s rule (1162–1227), when their name replaces the former name Khakas.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKokaislKokaislova2009[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidXRXVbGwPgqICpgPA132_132]_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKokaislKokaislova2009[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidXRXVbGwPgqICpgPA132_132]-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genetics">Genetics</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KyrgyzEagleHuntsman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/KyrgyzEagleHuntsman.jpg/170px-KyrgyzEagleHuntsman.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/KyrgyzEagleHuntsman.jpg/255px-KyrgyzEagleHuntsman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/KyrgyzEagleHuntsman.jpg/340px-KyrgyzEagleHuntsman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="545" /></a><figcaption>Kyrgyz eagle hunter</figcaption></figure> <p>The genetic makeup of the Kyrgyz is consistent with their origin as a mix of tribes.<sup id="cite_ref-stanford_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stanford-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For instance, 63% of modern Kyrgyz men of <a href="/wiki/Jumgal_District" title="Jumgal District">Jumgal District</a><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_R1a1" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplogroup R1a1">Haplogroup R1a1</a>. Low diversity of Kyrgyz R1a1 indicates a <a href="/wiki/Founder_effect" title="Founder effect">founder effect</a> within the historical period.<sup id="cite_ref-centralasialandscape_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-centralasialandscape-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other groups of Kyrgyz especially Southwest Kyrgyz show considerably lower <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_R_(Y-DNA)" title="Haplogroup R (Y-DNA)">haplogroup R</a> frequencies and almost lack <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_N_(Y-DNA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplogroup N (Y-DNA)">haplogroup N</a><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (except for the Kyrgyz from <a href="/wiki/Pamir_Mountains" title="Pamir Mountains">Pamir</a><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p><p>Depending on the geographical location of samples, West Eurasian <a href="/wiki/MtDNA_haplogroup" class="mw-redirect" title="MtDNA haplogroup">mtDNA haplogroup</a> lineages make up 27% to 42.6% in the Kyrgyz,<sup id="cite_ref-Genetic_Structure_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genetic_Structure-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with haplogroup <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_H_(mtDNA)" title="Haplogroup H (mtDNA)">mtDNA H</a> being the most predominant West Eurasian mtDNA haplogroup at about 14.2% (range 8.3% Talas to 21.3% Sary-Tash) among the Kyrgyz. However, the majority of Kyrgyz belong to East Eurasian mtDNA haplogroups, with mtDNA <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_D_(mtDNA)" title="Haplogroup D (mtDNA)">haplogroup D</a> (approx. 20.2%,<sup id="cite_ref-Genetic_Structure_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genetic_Structure-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Guo2020_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guo2020-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> range 14.6% Talas to 25.5% Sary-Tash<sup id="cite_ref-Genetic_Structure_64-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genetic_Structure-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) and D4 in particular (approx. 18.5%<sup id="cite_ref-Genetic_Structure_64-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genetic_Structure-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Guo2020_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guo2020-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) being the most frequent Eastern Eurasian lineage among them.<sup id="cite_ref-Genetic_Structure_64-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genetic_Structure-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eurasian_genetic_PCA_centered_on_Central_Asians.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Eurasian_genetic_PCA_centered_on_Central_Asians.jpg/220px-Eurasian_genetic_PCA_centered_on_Central_Asians.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Eurasian_genetic_PCA_centered_on_Central_Asians.jpg/330px-Eurasian_genetic_PCA_centered_on_Central_Asians.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Eurasian_genetic_PCA_centered_on_Central_Asians.jpg/440px-Eurasian_genetic_PCA_centered_on_Central_Asians.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3800" data-file-height="3943" /></a><figcaption>An Eurasian-wide Principal Component Analysis of the modern and ancient Eurasians. A total of 1,372 ancient individuals are projected onto the first two principal components defined by modern Eurasian populations. (A) Mesolithic to Eneolithic Age, (B) Pre-Bronze to Bronze Age, (C) Iron Age and (D) Historical Era individuals were shown. Kyrgyz people are shown in the center between East and West-Eurasian clusters.</figcaption></figure> <p>A 2011 study of autosomal ancestry found that East Eurasian ancestry is predominant in most Kyrgyz living in Kyrgyzstan. East Eurasian ancestry makes up roughly two-thirds with exceptions of Kyrgyz living in Tajikistan and the western areas of Kyrgyzstan, where it forms only half.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2022 study and report found that Kyrgyz people from China were found to have more West Eurasian ancestry than the Kyrgyz from Kyrgyzstan. Kyrgyz people from China clustered more closely with Europeans and South Asians.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Religion in Kyrgyzstan">Religion in Kyrgyzstan</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Islam in Kyrgyzstan">Islam in Kyrgyzstan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Christianity in Kyrgyzstan">Christianity in Kyrgyzstan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Me%C5%A1ita_v_Tokmoku.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Me%C5%A1ita_v_Tokmoku.jpg/220px-Me%C5%A1ita_v_Tokmoku.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Me%C5%A1ita_v_Tokmoku.jpg/330px-Me%C5%A1ita_v_Tokmoku.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Me%C5%A1ita_v_Tokmoku.jpg/440px-Me%C5%A1ita_v_Tokmoku.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2442" data-file-height="1816" /></a><figcaption>A mosque in <a href="/wiki/Tokmok" title="Tokmok">Tokmok</a>, Kyrgyzstan</figcaption></figure> <p>Kyrgyz are predominantly <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslims</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Hanafi_school" title="Hanafi school">Hanafi school</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Islam in Kyrgyzstan">Islam</a> was first introduced by Arab traders who travelled along the <a href="/wiki/Silk_Road" title="Silk Road">Silk Road</a> in the 7th and 8th centuries. In the 8th century, orthodox Islam reached the <a href="/wiki/Fergana_Valley" title="Fergana Valley">Fergana Valley</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Uzbeks" title="Uzbeks">Uzbeks</a>. However, in the 10th-century Persian text <i><a href="/wiki/Hudud_al-%27Alam" title="Hudud al-'Alam">Hudud al-'Alam</a></i>, the Kyrgyz were still described as a people who "venerate the Fire and burn the dead".<sup id="cite_ref-anthology_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anthology-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Kyrgyz began to convert to Islam in the mid-17th century. Sufi missionaries played an important role in the conversion. By the 19th century, the Kyrgyz were considered devout Muslims and some performed the <a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Hajj</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">Atheism</a> has some following in the northern regions under Russian communist influence. A few cultural rituals of <a href="/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism">Shamanism</a> are practiced to this day, particularly in Central Kyrgyzstan. During a July 2007 interview, <a href="/wiki/Bermet_Akayeva" title="Bermet Akayeva">Bermet Akayeva</a>, the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Askar_Akayev" title="Askar Akayev">Askar Akayev</a>, the former President of Kyrgyzstan, stated that Islam was increasingly taking root, even in the northern regions which had been under communist influence.<sup id="cite_ref-eurasianet.org_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eurasianet.org-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She emphasized that many <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">mosques</a> have been built and that the Kyrgyz are "increasingly devoting themselves to Islam".<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many ancient indigenous beliefs and practices, including shamanism and <a href="/wiki/Totemism" class="mw-redirect" title="Totemism">totemism</a>, coexisted syncretically with Islam. Shamans, most of whom are women, still play a prominent role at funerals, memorials, and other ceremonies and rituals. This split between the northern and southern Kyrgyz in their religious adherence to Muslim practices can still be seen today. Likewise, the Sufi order of Islam has been one of the most active Muslim groups in Kyrgyzstan for more than a century.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Outside_Kyrgyzstan">Outside Kyrgyzstan</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</h3></div> <p>The Kyrgyz population of <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> was 1,130 in 2003, all from eastern <a href="/wiki/Wakhan_District" title="Wakhan District">Wakhan District</a><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the <a href="/wiki/Badakhshan_Province" title="Badakhshan Province">Badakhshan Province</a> of northeastern Afghanistan.<sup id="cite_ref-unep_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unep-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They still lead a nomadic lifestyle and are led by a <i><a href="/wiki/Khan_(title)" title="Khan (title)">khan</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Tegin" title="Tegin">tekin</a></i>. </p><p>The suppression of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Asian Revolt">1916 rebellion</a> against <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian</a> rule in Central Asia caused many Kyrgyz later to migrate to <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> and Afghanistan. Most of the Kyrgyz refugees in Afghanistan settled in the <a href="/wiki/Wakhan" title="Wakhan">Wakhan</a> region. Until 1978, the northeastern portion of Wakhan was home to about 3–5 thousand ethnic Kyrgyz.<sup id="cite_ref-reu_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reu-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1978, most Kyrgyz inhabitants <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_in_Pakistan" title="Kyrgyz in Pakistan">fled to Pakistan</a> in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Saur_Revolution" title="Saur Revolution">Saur Revolution</a>. They requested 5,000 visas from the United States consulate in <a href="/wiki/Peshawar" title="Peshawar">Peshawar</a> for resettlement in <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>, a state of the United States which they thought might have a similar climate and temperature with the <a href="/wiki/Wakhan_Corridor" title="Wakhan Corridor">Wakhan Corridor</a>. Their request was denied. In the meantime, the heat and the unsanitary conditions of the refugee camp were killing off the Kyrgyz refugees at an alarming rate. <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, which was under the military coup rule of General <a href="/wiki/Kenan_Evren" title="Kenan Evren">Kenan Evren</a>, stepped in, and resettled the entire group in the <a href="/wiki/Lake_Van" title="Lake Van">Lake Van</a> region of Turkey in 1982. The village of <a href="/wiki/Ulupamir" title="Ulupamir">Ulupamir</a> (or "Great Pamir" in Kyrgyz) in <a href="/wiki/Erci%C5%9F" title="Erciş">Erciş</a> in <a href="/wiki/Van_Province" title="Van Province">Van Province</a> was given to these, where more than 5,000 of them still reside today. The documentary film <i>37 Uses for a Dead Sheep – the Story of the Pamir Kirghiz</i> was based on the life of these Kyrgyz in their new home.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some Kyrgyz returned to Wakhan in October 1979, following the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet occupation of Afghanistan">Soviet occupation of Afghanistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kreutzmann2003_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kreutzmann2003-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are found around the <a href="/wiki/Little_Pamir" title="Little Pamir">Little Pamir</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Clammer2007_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clammer2007-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="China">China</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_in_China" title="Kyrgyz in China">Kyrgyz in China</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Fuyu_Kyrgyz_people" title="Fuyu Kyrgyz people">Fuyu Kyrgyz people</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kirghiz_Tents.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Kirghiz_Tents.png/220px-Kirghiz_Tents.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Kirghiz_Tents.png/330px-Kirghiz_Tents.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Kirghiz_Tents.png/440px-Kirghiz_Tents.png 2x" data-file-width="508" data-file-height="371" /></a><figcaption>"Kirgiz Tents" or yurts. 1914</figcaption></figure> <p>The Kyrgyz form one of the <a href="/wiki/Nationalities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalities of China">56 ethnic groups</a> officially recognized by the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a>. There are more than 145,000 Kyrgyz in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. They are known in Mandarin Chinese as <i>Kē'ěrkèzī zú</i> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">柯尔克孜族</span>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">柯爾克孜族</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 19th century, Russian settlers on traditional Kirghiz land drove a lot of the Kirghiz over the border to China, causing their population to increase in China.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Compared to Russian controlled areas, more benefits were given to the Muslim Kirghiz on the Chinese controlled areas. Russian settlers fought against the Muslim nomadic Kirghiz, which led the Russians to believe that the Kirghiz would be a liability in any conflict against China. The Muslim Kirghiz were sure that in an upcoming war, that China would defeat Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Kirghiz of <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a> revolted in the 1932 <a href="/wiki/Kirghiz_rebellion" title="Kirghiz rebellion">Kirghiz rebellion</a>, and also participated in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kashgar_(1933)" title="Battle of Kashgar (1933)">Battle of Kashgar (1933)</a> and again <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kashgar_(1934)" title="Battle of Kashgar (1934)">in 1934</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They are found mainly in the <a href="/wiki/Kizilsu_Kirghiz_Autonomous_Prefecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture">Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture</a> in the southwestern part of the <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a> Uygur Autonomous Region, with a smaller remainder found in the neighboring <a href="/wiki/Uqturpan_County" title="Uqturpan County">Wushi (Uqturpan)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aksu,_Xinjiang" class="mw-redirect" title="Aksu, Xinjiang">Aksu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shache" class="mw-redirect" title="Shache">Shache</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yarkent_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Yarkent County">Yarkand</a>), Yingisar, <a href="/wiki/Taxkorgan_Tajik_Autonomous_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County">Taxkorgan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pishan_County" title="Pishan County">Pishan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Guma,_Pishan_County" title="Guma, Pishan County">Guma</a>), and in <a href="/wiki/Tekes_County" title="Tekes County">Tekes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhaosu" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhaosu">Zhaosu</a> (Monggolkure), <a href="/wiki/Emin_County" title="Emin County">Emin</a> (Dorbiljin), <a href="/wiki/Bole,_Xinjiang" title="Bole, Xinjiang">Bole</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bortala_Mongol_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture">Bortala</a>), <a href="/wiki/Jinghev" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinghev">Jinghev</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jinghe_County" title="Jinghe County">Jing</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Gongliu_County" title="Gongliu County">Gongliu County</a> in northern Xinjiang.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKokaislKokaislova2009173–191_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKokaislKokaislova2009173–191-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Akto_County" title="Akto County">Akto County</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Akto_Turkmen" title="Akto Turkmen">Akto Turkmen</a>, a former Kyrgyz tribe, now speaks <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_language" title="Uyghur language">Uyghur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A peculiar group, also included under the "Kyrgyz nationality" by the PRC official classification, are the so-called "<a href="/wiki/Fuyu_Kyrgyz_people" title="Fuyu Kyrgyz people">Fuyu Kyrgyz</a>". It is a group of several hundred <a href="/wiki/Yenisei_Kirghiz" class="mw-redirect" title="Yenisei Kirghiz">Yenisei Kirghiz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Khakas_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Khakas people">Khakas people</a>) people whose forefathers were relocated from the Yenisei river region to <a href="/wiki/Dzungaria" title="Dzungaria">Dzungaria</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Dzungar_Khanate" title="Dzungar Khanate">Dzungar Khanate</a> in the 17th century, and upon defeat of the Dzungars by the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a>, they were relocated from Dzungaria to Manchuria in the 18th century, and who now live in Wujiazi Village in <a href="/wiki/Fuyu_County,_Heilongjiang" title="Fuyu County, Heilongjiang">Fuyu County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a> Province. Their language (the <a href="/wiki/Fuyu_Kyrgyz_language" title="Fuyu Kyrgyz language">Fuyü Gïrgïs dialect</a>) is related to the <a href="/wiki/Khakas_language" title="Khakas language">Khakas language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Certain segments of the Kyrgyz in China are followers of <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWest2009441_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWest2009441-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMitchell201225_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitchell201225-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKokaislKokaislova20094,_185–188,_259–260_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKokaislKokaislova20094,_185–188,_259–260-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pakistan">Pakistan</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_in_Pakistan" title="Kyrgyz in Pakistan">Kyrgyz in Pakistan</a></div> <p>Kyrgyz are the only <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic</a> people native to Pakistan. The Kyrgyz in Pakistan live mostly in the north, primarily <a href="/wiki/Chitral" title="Chitral">Chitral</a>, where Kyrgyz is the only Turkic language spoken in Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are only a few thousand left, and many have assimilated with <a href="/wiki/Pashtun_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashtun people">Pashtun</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Kho_people" title="Kho people">Kho</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-jstor_43123791_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jstor_43123791-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They used to dominate the region of <a href="/wiki/Gilgit-Baltistan" title="Gilgit-Baltistan">Gilgit-Baltistan</a>. There are also <a href="/wiki/Afghan_refugees_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghan refugees in Pakistan">Afghan refugees</a> of Kyrgyz origin in Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some also come from Kyrgyzstan from the <a href="/wiki/Soviet-Afghan_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet-Afghan War">Soviet-Afghan War</a> where some defected and settled in Pakistan. There are also Kyrgyz nationals who work in Pakistan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chala_Kazak" class="mw-redirect" title="Chala Kazak">Chala Kazak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="History of Kyrgyzstan">History of Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Culture of Kyrgyzstan">Culture of Kyrgyzstan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Pamiri Kyrgyz people of Pakistan and Afghanistan.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atlasofhumanity.org/kyrgyz">"Atlas of Humanity"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Atlas+of+Humanity&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlasofhumanity.org%2Fkyrgyz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyrgyz+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ceus.indiana.edu/about/languages/kyrgyz.html">"Kyrgyz: Our Languages: About: Central Eurasian Studies: Indiana University Bloomington"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kyrgyz%3A+Our+Languages%3A+About%3A+Central+Eurasian+Studies%3A+Indiana+University+Bloomington&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fceus.indiana.edu%2Fabout%2Flanguages%2Fkyrgyz.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyrgyz+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20110724203805/http://24.kg/community/68134-za-poslednie-10-let-yetnicheskaya-struktura.html">"2009 Census preliminary results"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://24.kg/community/68134-za-poslednie-10-let-yetnicheskaya-struktura.html">the original</a> on 24 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2009+Census+preliminary+results&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F24.kg%2Fcommunity%2F68134-za-poslednie-10-let-yetnicheskaya-struktura.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyrgyz+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-census_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140706220049/http://www.stat.kg/stat.files/din.files/census/5010003.pdf">"Ethnic composition of the population in Kyrgyzstan 1999–2014"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Russian). National Statistical Committee of the Kyrgyz Republic. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stat.kg/stat.files/din.files/census/5010003.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 6 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ethnic+composition+of+the+population+in+Kyrgyzstan+1999%E2%80%932014&rft.pub=National+Statistical+Committee+of+the+Kyrgyz+Republic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stat.kg%2Fstat.files%2Fdin.files%2Fcensus%2F5010003.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyrgyz+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">5.01.00.03 Национальный состав населения. [5.01.00.03 Total population by nationality] (XLS). Bureau of Statistics of Kyrgyzstan (in Russian, Kyrgyz, and English). 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181101140146/http://www.xjtj.gov.cn/sjcx/tjnj_3415/2016xjtjnj/rkjy/201707/t20170714_539451.html"><bdi lang="zh">新疆维吾尔自治区统计局</bdi></a> (in Simplified Chinese). Xinjiang Bureau of Statistics. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xjtj.gov.cn/sjcx/tjnj_3415/2016xjtjnj/rkjy/201707/t20170714_539451.html">the original</a> on 1 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86%E7%BB%B4%E5%90%BE%E5%B0%94%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80&rft.pub=Xinjiang+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xjtj.gov.cn%2Fsjcx%2Ftjnj_3415%2F2016xjtjnj%2Frkjy%2F201707%2Ft20170714_539451.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyrgyz+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census2021-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-census2021_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx">"Национальный состав населения"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Federal_State_Statistics_Service_(Russia)" title="Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)">Federal State Statistics Service</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved on 23 April 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=110528&PRID=10&PTYPE=109445&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2017&THEME=120&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=">"Ethnic Origin (279), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3), Generation Status (4), Age (12) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data"</a>. 25 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7ly4DgtT3LkC&pg=PA144"><i>The Encyclopedia of Christianity</i></a>. Eerdmans and Brill. p. 144. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2415-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2415-8"><bdi>978-0-8028-2415-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Christianity&rft.pages=144&rft.pub=Eerdmans+and+Brill&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-2415-8&rft.aulast=Fahlbusch&rft.aufirst=Erwin&rft.au=Lochman%2C+Jan+Mil%C3%AD%C4%8D&rft.au=Mbiti%2C+John&rft.au=Pelikan%2C+Jaroslav&rft.au=Vischer%2C+Lukas&rft.au=Bromiley%2C+Geoffrey+W.&rft.au=Barrett%2C+David+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7ly4DgtT3LkC%26pg%3DPA144&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyrgyz+people" class="Z3988"></span> "Various Kyrgyz tribes began creating an independent khanate during the 15th century with a distinctive Kyrgyz language."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEverett-Heath2003" class="citation book cs1">Everett-Heath, Tom (8 December 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lF2QAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA107"><i>Central Asia: Aspects of Transition</i></a>. Routledge. p. 107. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-79823-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-79823-9"><bdi>978-1-135-79823-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Central+Asia%3A+Aspects+of+Transition&rft.pages=107&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003-12-08&rft.isbn=978-1-135-79823-9&rft.aulast=Everett-Heath&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlF2QAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyrgyz+people" class="Z3988"></span> "Chingis Khan and his Mongol descendants held sway over the area from the thirteenth century until the fifteenth century, when an autonomous Kyrgyz khanate was established."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2020" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Victoria R. 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ABC-CLIO. p. 608. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-6118-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-6118-5"><bdi>978-1-4408-6118-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indigenous+Peoples%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+Culture%2C+History%2C+and+Threats+to+Survival+%5B4+volumes%5D&rft.pages=608&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2020-02-24&rft.isbn=978-1-4408-6118-5&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Victoria+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3_zRDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA608&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyrgyz+people" class="Z3988"></span> "In 1510, the Kyrgyz threw off Oirat rule and established a Kyrgyz khanate in 1514."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPulleyblank1990108-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPulleyblank1990108_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPulleyblank1990">Pulleyblank 1990</a>, p. 108.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zuev, Yu.A., <i>Horse Tamgas from Vassal Princedoms (Translation of Chinese composition "Tanghuyao" of 8–10th centuries)</i>, Kazakh SSR Academy of Sciences, Alma-Ata, 1960, p. 103 <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zuev Yu.A., <i>Horse Tamgas from Vassal Princedoms</i> (translation of 8-10th century Chinese Tanghuiyao), Kazakh SSR Academy of Sciences, Alma-Ata, 1960, p. 103, 128 (in Russian)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Golden2017-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Golden2017_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGolden2017" class="citation journal cs1">Golden, Peter B. 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(2001). Indo-european origins: The anthropological evidence. Inst for the Study of Man. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-941694-75-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-941694-75-9">978-0-941694-75-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Figure 7c in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZerjalWellsYuldashevaRuzibakiev2002" class="citation journal cs1">Zerjal, Tatiana; Wells, R. Spencer; Yuldasheva, Nadira; Ruzibakiev, Ruslan; Tyler-Smith, Chris (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC419996">"A Genetic Landscape Reshaped by Recent Events: Y-Chromosomal Insights into Central Asia"</a>. <i>The American Journal of Human Genetics</i>. <b>71</b> (3): 466–82. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F342096">10.1086/342096</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC419996">419996</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12145751">12145751</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Human+Genetics&rft.atitle=A+Genetic+Landscape+Reshaped+by+Recent+Events%3A+Y-Chromosomal+Insights+into+Central+Asia&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=466-82&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC419996%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12145751&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F342096&rft.aulast=Zerjal&rft.aufirst=Tatiana&rft.au=Wells%2C+R.+Spencer&rft.au=Yuldasheva%2C+Nadira&rft.au=Ruzibakiev%2C+Ruslan&rft.au=Tyler-Smith%2C+Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC419996&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyrgyz+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-centralasialandscape-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-centralasialandscape_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZerjalWellsYuldashevaRuzibakiev2002" class="citation journal cs1">Zerjal, Tatiana; Wells, R. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=%D0%9F%D0%9E%D0%9B%D0%98%D0%9C%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%A4%D0%98%D0%97%D0%9C+Y+%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B+%D0%A3+%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F%2C+%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%2C+%D0%A2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8C-%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8F+%D0%98+%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%92+%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5+%D0%92%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%98+%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.date=2011&rft.au=Balaganskaya+Olga+Alekseevna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmed-gen.ru%2Far%2Far_BalaganskayaOA.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyrgyz+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Genetic_Structure-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Genetic_Structure_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genetic_Structure_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genetic_Structure_64-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genetic_Structure_64-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genetic_Structure_64-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Table 2 in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYaoKongWangZhu2004" class="citation journal cs1">Yao, Yong-Gang; Kong, Qing-Peng; Wang, Cheng-Ye; Zhu, Chun-Ling; Zhang, Ya-Ping (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmolbev%2Fmsh238">"Different Matrilineal Contributions to Genetic Structure of Ethnic Groups in the Silk Road Region in China"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Mol_Biol_Evol" 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class="Z3988"></span> "The Kyrgyz individuals from China/Kyrgyzstan distribute in the center of PCA and cluster largely according to their geographic locations. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=137+ancient+human+genomes+from+across+the+Eurasian+steppes&rft.volume=557&rft.issue=7705&rft.pages=369-373&rft.date=2018-05-09&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1887%2F3202709&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A13670282%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2018Natur.557..369D&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29743675&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41586-018-0094-2&rft.aulast=Damgaard&rft.aufirst=P.+B.&rft.au=Marchi%2C+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fs41586-018-0094-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyrgyz+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKokaislKokaislova2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kokaisl, Petr; Kokaislova, Pavla (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XRXVbGwPgqIC"><i>The Kyrgyz – Children of Manas [Кыргыздар – Манастын балдары]</i></a> (in English and Russian). NOSTALGIE Praha. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-80-254-6365-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-80-254-6365-9"><bdi>978-80-254-6365-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kyrgyz+%E2%80%93+Children+of+Manas+%5B%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80+%E2%80%93+%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD+%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%5D&rft.pub=NOSTALGIE+Praha&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-80-254-6365-9&rft.aulast=Kokaisl&rft.aufirst=Petr&rft.au=Kokaislova%2C+Pavla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXRXVbGwPgqIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyrgyz+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeeKuang2017" class="citation journal cs1">Lee, Joo-Yup; Kuang, Shuntu (18 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/view/journals/inas/19/2/article-p197_197.xml">"A Comparative Analysis of Chinese Historical Sources and Y-DNA Studies with Regard to the Early and Medieval Turkic Peoples"</a>. <i>Inner Asia</i>. <b>19</b> (2). <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill</a>: 197–239. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F22105018-12340089">10.1163/22105018-12340089</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2210-5018">2210-5018</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(14 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10427276">"Tracing population movements in ancient East Asia through the linguistics and archaeology of textile production"</a>. <i>Evolutionary Human Sciences</i>. <b>2</b> (e5). <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>: e5. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fehs.2020.4">10.1017/ehs.2020.4</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10427276">10427276</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37588355">37588355</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Evolutionary+Human+Sciences&rft.atitle=Tracing+population+movements+in+ancient+East+Asia+through+the+linguistics+and+archaeology+of+textile+production&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=e5&rft.pages=e5&rft.date=2020-02-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC10427276%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F37588355&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fehs.2020.4&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft.au=Zhushchikhovskaya%2C+Irina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC10427276&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyrgyz+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPulleyblank1990" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edwin_G._Pulleyblank" title="Edwin G. Pulleyblank">Pulleyblank, E.G.</a> (1990). "The Name of the Kirghiz". <i>Central Asiatic Journal</i>. <b>34</b> (1–2). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz: 98–108.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Central+Asiatic+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Name+of+the+Kirghiz&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=98-108&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Pulleyblank&rft.aufirst=E.G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyrgyz+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobbeets2017" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Martine_Robbeets" title="Martine Robbeets">Robbeets, Martine</a> (1 January 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/view/journals/ldc/7/2/article-p210_4.xml">"Austronesian influence and Transeurasian ancestry in Japanese"</a>. <i>Language Dynamics and Change</i>. <b>8</b> (2). <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill</a>: 210–251. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F22105832-00702005">10.1163/22105832-00702005</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/11858%2F00-001M-0000-002E-8635-7">11858/00-001M-0000-002E-8635-7</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2210-5832">2210-5832</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Language+Dynamics+and+Change&rft.atitle=Austronesian+influence+and+Transeurasian+ancestry+in+Japanese&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=210-251&rft.date=2017-01-01&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F11858%2F00-001M-0000-002E-8635-7&rft.issn=2210-5832&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F22105832-00702005&rft.aulast=Robbeets&rft.aufirst=Martine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Fview%2Fjournals%2Fldc%2F7%2F2%2Farticle-p210_4.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyrgyz+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobbeets2020" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Martine_Robbeets" title="Martine Robbeets">Robbeets, Martine</a> (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/43039094">"The Transeurasian homeland: where, what and when?"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Martine_Robbeets" title="Martine Robbeets">Robbeets, Martine</a>; Savelyev, Alexander (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-guide-to-the-transeurasian-languages-9780198804628"><i>The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-880462-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-880462-8"><bdi>978-0-19-880462-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Transeurasian+homeland%3A+where%2C+what+and+when%3F&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Guide+to+the+Transeurasian+Languages&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0-19-880462-8&rft.aulast=Robbeets&rft.aufirst=Martine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F43039094&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyrgyz+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUchiyama_et_al.2020" class="citation journal cs1">Uchiyama, Junzo; et al. (21 May 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10427466">"Populations dynamics in Northern Eurasian forests: a long-term perspective from Northeast Asia"</a>. <i>Evolutionary Human Sciences</i>. <b>2</b>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>: e16. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fehs.2020.11">10.1017/ehs.2020.11</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10427466">10427466</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37588381">37588381</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Evolutionary+Human+Sciences&rft.atitle=Populations+dynamics+in+Northern+Eurasian+forests%3A+a+long-term+perspective+from+Northeast+Asia&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=e16&rft.date=2020-05-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC10427466%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F37588381&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fehs.2020.11&rft.aulast=Uchiyama&rft.aufirst=Junzo&rft.au=Gillam%2C+J.+Christopher&rft.au=Savelyev%2C+Alexander&rft.au=Ning%2C+Chao&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC10427466&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyrgyz+people" class="Z3988"></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CC_BY_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/CC_BY_icon.svg/50px-CC_BY_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/CC_BY_icon.svg/75px-CC_BY_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/CC_BY_icon.svg/100px-CC_BY_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="88" data-file-height="31" /></a></span> Text was copied from this source, which is available under a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWest2009" class="citation book cs1">West, Barbara A. (2009). <i>Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania</i>. New York: Facts On File. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-7109-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-7109-8"><bdi>978-0-8160-7109-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Peoples+of+Asia+and+Oceania&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Facts+On+File&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8160-7109-8&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=Barbara+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyrgyz+people" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li>Kyzlasov, L.R. "Mutual relationship of terms <i>Khakas</i> and <i>Kyrgyz</i> in written sources of 6–12th centuries". Peoples of Asia and Africa, 1968. <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></li> <li>Zuev, Yu.A. "Kirgiz – Buruts". <i>Soviet Ethnography</i>, 1970, No 4, <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span>.</li> <li>Shahrani, M. Nazif. (1979) <i>The Kirghiz and Wakhi of Afghanistan: Adaptation to Closed Frontiers and War</i>. University of Washington Press. 1st paperback edition with new preface and epilogue (2002). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-295-98262-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-295-98262-4">0-295-98262-4</a>.</li> <li><i>Kyrgyz Republic</i>, by Rowan Stewart and Susie Steldon, by Odyssey publications.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061207121421/http://expat.nursat.kz/?3245">Books by Chokan Valikhanov</a></li> <li>Aado Lintrop, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://haldjas.folklore.ee/folklore/nr1/heredit.htm">"Hereditary Transmission in Siberian Shamanism and the Concept of the Reality of Legends"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061015144217/http://www.silkroadproject.org/smithsonian/nomads/shamanism.html">2002 Smithsonian folklife festival</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061208133401/http://www.silk-road.com/newsletter/vol3num2/8_duyshembiyeva.php">Kyrgyz Healing Practices: Some Field Notes</a></li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.press.umich.edu/titleDetailDesc.do?id=17240">Politics of Language in the Ex-Soviet Muslim States: Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100619112258/http://www.press.umich.edu/titleDetailDesc.do?id=17240">Archived</a> 19 June 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i> by Jacob M. Landau and Barbara Kellner-Heinkele. Ann Arbor, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Press" title="University of Michigan Press">University of Michigan Press</a>, 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-472-11226-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-472-11226-5">978-0-472-11226-5</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080511160909/http://kyrgyz.org.uk/">Culture of Kyrgyz Republic.Well made JAPANESE pages.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bukhara-carpets.com/making/kyrgyz.html">Kyrgyz Textile Art</a></li> <li>Yu Taishan. "A Note On The Geographical Location Of Jiankun". <i>International Journal of Eurasian Studies</i>, Beijing, 2019, No. 9. – pp. 1––5. In Chinese.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article "<span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Kirghiz" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Kirghiz">Kirghiz</a></span>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/kyrgyz_people" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/kyrgyz people"><i>kyrgyz people</i></a> at Wiktionary</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kyrgyz_people" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Kyrgyz people">Kyrgyz people</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.edu/Programs/CCs/Docs/Tribal%20Trees/Kirghiz.pdf">Kirghiz tribal tree</a>, Center for Culture and Conflict Studies, US Naval Postgraduate School</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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.navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Demographics_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Template:Demographics of Kyrgyzstan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Demographics_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Template talk:Demographics of Kyrgyzstan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Demographics_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Demographics of Kyrgyzstan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Kyrgyzstan&#124;link=Kyrgyzstan_Demographics_of_Kyrgyzstan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan"><img alt="Kyrgyzstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Demographics of Kyrgyzstan">Demographics</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Major groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kyrgyz</a> (71.0%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbeks_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Uzbeks in Kyrgyzstan">Uzbeks</a> (14.3%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russians_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Russians in Kyrgyzstan">Russians</a> (7.8%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungans" class="mw-redirect" title="Dungans">Dungans</a> (1.1%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghurs_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Uyghurs in Kyrgyzstan">Uyghurs</a> (0.9%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajiks_in_Kyrgyzstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tajiks in Kyrgyzstan">Tajiks</a> (0.9%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Turks in Kyrgyzstan">Turks</a> (0.7%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatars_in_Kyrgyzstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tatars in Kyrgyzstan">Tatars</a> (0.6%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhs_in_Kyrgyzstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kazakhs in Kyrgyzstan">Kazakhs</a> (0.6%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainians_in_Kyrgyzstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainians in Kyrgyzstan">Ukrainians</a> (0.4%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koryo-saram" title="Koryo-saram">Koreans</a> (0.3%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Azerbaijanis in Kyrgyzstan">Azerbaijanis</a> (0.3%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan_Germans" title="Kyrgyzstan Germans">Germans</a> (0.2%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Smaller groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Kyrgyzstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenians in Kyrgyzstan">Armenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Chinese people in Kyrgyzstan">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greeks_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Greeks in Kyrgyzstan">Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Kyrgyzstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistanis in Kyrgyzstan">Pakistanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poles_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Poles in Kyrgyzstan">Poles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanians_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Romanians in Kyrgyzstan">Romanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyuli" title="Lyuli">Lyuli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Religion in Kyrgyzstan">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Islam in Kyrgyzstan">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Christianity in Kyrgyzstan">Christianity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism_in_Kyrgyzstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism in Kyrgyzstan">Roman Catholicism</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Ethnic group statistics according to the 2009 census <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.stat.kg/media/files/9cd9d7ee-78f0-413e-885d-80f914049ebf.pdf">[1]</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Turkic_peoples" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Turkic_peoples" title="Template:Turkic peoples"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Turkic_peoples" title="Template talk:Turkic peoples"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li 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href="/wiki/Iranian_Azerbaijanis" title="Iranian Azerbaijanis">Iranian Azerbaijanis</a></small> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Shahsevan" title="Shahsevan">Shahsevans</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCres%C3%BCnni" title="Küresünni">Küresünni</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Georgia" title="Azerbaijanis in Georgia">Georgian Azerbaijanis</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Armenia" title="Azerbaijanis in Armenia">Western Azerbaijanis</a></small> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Karapapakhs" title="Karapapakhs">Karapapakhs</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Javanshir_Qizilbash" title="Javanshir Qizilbash">Javanshir Qizilbash</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Kazakh communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhs" title="Kazakhs">Kazakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhs_in_China" title="Kazakhs in China">Chinese Kazakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Kazakhs" title="Iranian Kazakhs">Iranian Kazakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Kazakhs" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongolian Kazakhs">Mongolian Kazakhs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Kyrgyz communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_in_China" title="Kyrgyz in China">Chinese Kyrgyz</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Akto_Turkmen" title="Akto Turkmen">Akto Turkmen</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrgyz in Afghanistan">Afghan Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_in_Tajikistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrgyz in Tajikistan">Tajik Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Kyrgyz" class="mw-redirect" title="Van Kyrgyz">Van Kyrgyz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkmen<sup>1</sup> communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkmens" title="Turkmens">Turkmens</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Turkmens" title="Afghan Turkmens">Afghan Turkmens</a></small> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Ansarlu" title="Ansarlu">Ansarlu</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Turkmens" title="Iranian Turkmens">Iranian Turkmens</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akto_Turkmen" title="Akto Turkmen">Akto Turkmen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkish communities<sup>2</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turks</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Gajal" title="Gajal">Gajal</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Muhacir" title="Muhacir">Muhacirs</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Tahtac%C4%B1" title="Tahtacı">Tahtacıs</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Y%C3%B6r%C3%BCks" title="Yörüks">Yörüks</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Abkhazia" title="Turks in Abkhazia">Abkhazian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Algeria" title="Turks in Algeria">Algerian Turks</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Kouloughlis" title="Kouloughlis">Kouloughlis</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Turks in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Turks" title="Bulgarian Turks">Bulgarian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Croatia" title="Turks in Croatia">Croatian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_Muslims" title="Cretan Muslims">Cretan Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriots" title="Turkish Cypriots">Cypriot Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_of_the_Dodecanese" title="Turks of the Dodecanese">Dodecanese Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Egypt" title="Turks in Egypt">Egyptian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Turkmen" title="Iraqi Turkmen">Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Turkmen" title="Israeli Turkmen">Israeli Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Kosovo" title="Turks in Kosovo">Kosovan Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Turkmen" title="Lebanese Turkmen">Lebanese Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Libya" title="Turks in Libya">Libyan Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_North_Macedonia" title="Turks in North Macedonia">Macedonian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meskhetian_Turks" title="Meskhetian Turks">Meskhetian (Ahiska) Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Montenegro" title="Turks in Montenegro">Montenegrin Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Palestine" title="Turks in Palestine">Palestinian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_of_Romania" title="Turks of Romania">Romanian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Serbia" title="Turks in Serbia">Serbian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Turkmen" title="Syrian Turkmen">Syrian Turkmen/Turkoman</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Tunisia" title="Turks in Tunisia">Tunisian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_of_Western_Thrace" title="Turks of Western Thrace">Western Thracian Turks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkic peoples <br /> in Uzbekistan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uzbeks" title="Uzbeks">Uzbeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakalpaks" title="Karakalpaks">Karakalpaks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkic minorities <br /> in China</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%84ynu_people" title="Äynu people">Äynu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Tatars" title="Chinese Tatars">Chinese Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhs_in_China" title="Kazakhs in China">Chinese Kazakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_in_China" title="Kyrgyz in China">Chinese Kyrgyz</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Akto_Turkmen" title="Akto Turkmen">Akto Turkmen</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbeks_in_China" title="Uzbeks in China">Chinese Uzbeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyu_Kyrgyz_people" title="Fuyu Kyrgyz people">Fuyu Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ili_Turk_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Ili Turk people">Ili Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salar_people" title="Salar people">Salar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghurs</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Tor_Uyghurs" class="mw-redirect" title="Tor Uyghurs">Tor Uyghurs</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugurs" title="Yugurs">Yugurs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkic minorities <br /> in Crimea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Karaites" title="Crimean Karaites">Crimean Karaites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars" title="Crimean Tatars">Crimean Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krymchaks" title="Krymchaks">Krymchaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urums" title="Urums">Urums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkic minorities <br /> in Iran</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Azerbaijanis" title="Iranian Azerbaijanis">Iranian Azerbaijanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afshar_people" title="Afshar people">Afshar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaharmahali_Turks" title="Chaharmahali Turks">Chaharmahali Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalaj_people" title="Khalaj people">Khalajs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorasani_Turks" title="Khorasani Turks">Khorasani Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qarai_Turks" class="mw-redirect" title="Qarai Turks">Qarai Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qashqai_people" title="Qashqai people">Qashqai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Turkmens" title="Iranian Turkmens">Iranian Turkmens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Kazakhs" title="Iranian Kazakhs">Iranian Kazakhs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkic minorities in <br /> Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altai_people" title="Altai people">Altaians</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Chelkans" title="Chelkans">Chelkans</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Telengits" title="Telengits">Telengits</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Tubalars" title="Tubalars">Tubalars</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkars" title="Balkars">Balkars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashkirs" title="Bashkirs">Bashkirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besermyan" title="Besermyan">Besermyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chulyms" title="Chulyms">Chulyms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuvash_people" title="Chuvash people">Chuvash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolgans" title="Dolgans">Dolgans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karachays" title="Karachays">Karachays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khakas" title="Khakas">Khakas</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Koibal_people" title="Koibal people">Koibal</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumandins" title="Kumandins">Kumandins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumyks" title="Kumyks">Kumyks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nogais" title="Nogais">Nogais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shors" title="Shors">Shors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyot" title="Soyot">Soyots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tatars</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan_Tatars" title="Astrakhan Tatars">Astrakhan Tatars</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Kryashens" title="Kryashens">Kryashens</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Mishar_Tatars" title="Mishar Tatars">Mishar Tatars</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Na%C4%9Fayb%C3%A4k" title="Nağaybäk">Nağaybäk</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Volga_Tatars" title="Volga Tatars">Volga Tatars</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Tatars" title="Siberian Tatars">Siberian Tatars</a></small> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Bukharans" title="Siberian Bukharans">Siberian Bukharans</a></small></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleuts" title="Teleuts">Teleuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofalar" title="Tofalar">Tofalars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvans" title="Tuvans">Tuvans</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Tozhu_Tuvans" title="Tozhu Tuvans">Tozhu Tuvans</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakuts" title="Yakuts">Yakuts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkic minorities in <br /> Mongolia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khotons" title="Khotons">Khotons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Kazakhs" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongolian Kazakhs">Mongolian Kazakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dukha_people" title="Dukha people">Dukha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_people_in_Afghanistan" title="Turkic people in Afghanistan">Turkic minorities in <br /> Afghanistan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Turkmens" title="Afghan Turkmens">Afghan Turkmens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afshar_people" title="Afshar people">Afshar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aimaq_people" title="Aimaq people">Aimaqs</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Timuri" title="Timuri">Timuri</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansarlu" title="Ansarlu">Ansarlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karategin_Uzbeks" title="Karategin Uzbeks">Karategin Uzbeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrgyz in Afghanistan">Afghan Kyrgyz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkic minorities in <br /> Europe <br /> <small>(exc. Russia)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Karaites" title="Crimean Karaites">Crimean Karaites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars_in_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimean Tatars in Bulgaria">Bulgarian Crimean Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Tatars" title="Finnish Tatars">Finnish Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagauz_people" title="Gagauz people">Gagauz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipka_Tatars" title="Lipka Tatars">Lipka Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatars_of_Romania" title="Tatars of Romania">Tatars of Romania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Extinct Turkic groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alat_tribe" title="Alat tribe">Alat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Az_people" title="Az people">Az</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basmyl" title="Basmyl">Basmyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barsils" title="Barsils">Barsils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berendei" title="Berendei">Berendei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulaqs" title="Bulaqs">Bulaqs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgars" title="Bulgars">Bulgars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chigils" title="Chigils">Chigils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Klobuks" title="Black Klobuks">Black Klobuks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumans" title="Cumans">Cumans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingling" title="Dingling">Dingling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duolu" title="Duolu">Duolu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dughlats" title="Dughlats">Dughlats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esegel" title="Esegel">Esegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kt%C3%BCrks" title="Göktürks">Göktürks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangly" title="Kangly">Kangly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karluks" title="Karluks">Karluks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keraites" title="Keraites">Keraites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khazars" title="Khazars">Khazars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemek" title="Yemek">Kimek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kipchaks" title="Kipchaks">Kipchaks</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Sir-K%C4%B1vchak" title="Sir-Kıvchak">Sir-Kıvchak</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurykans" title="Kurykans">Kurykans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutrigurs" title="Kutrigurs">Kutrigurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkit" title="Merkit">Merkit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naimans" title="Naimans">Naimans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nushibi" title="Nushibi">Nushibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Turks" title="Oghuz Turks">Oghuz Turks</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Turkoman_(ethnonym)" title="Turkoman (ethnonym)">Turkomans</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Pechenegs" title="Pechenegs">Pechenegs</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onogurs" title="Onogurs">Onogurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabir_people" title="Sabir people">Sabirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saragurs" title="Saragurs">Saragurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shatuo" title="Shatuo">Shatuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiele_people" title="Tiele people">Tiele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrgesh" title="Türgesh">Türgesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuhsi" title="Tuhsi">Tuhsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tork_people" title="Tork people">Torks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toquz_Oghuz" title="Toquz Oghuz">Toquz Oghuz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uriankhai" title="Uriankhai">Uriankhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utigurs" title="Utigurs">Utigurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xueyantuo" title="Xueyantuo">Xueyantuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yenisei_Kyrgyz" title="Yenisei Kyrgyz">Yenisei Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueban" title="Yueban">Yueban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yagma" title="Yagma">Yagma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yabaku" title="Yabaku">Yabaku</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdal_people_(West_Asia)" title="Abdal people (West Asia)">Abdals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazaras" title="Hazaras">Hazaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_people" title="Mughal people">Mughals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diasporas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_diaspora" title="Azerbaijani diaspora">Azerbaijani diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_diaspora" title="Crimean Tatar diaspora">Crimean Tatar diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_diaspora" title="Turkish diaspora">Turkish diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriot_diaspora" title="Turkish Cypriot diaspora">Turkish Cypriot diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_diaspora" title="Kazakh diaspora">Kazakh diaspora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: left;"><div><sup>1</sup> Central Asian (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmeni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iranian</a>) <a href="/wiki/Turkmens" title="Turkmens">Turkmens</a>, distinct from Levantine (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraqi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syrian</a>) Turkmen/Turkoman minorities, who mostly adhere to an Ottoman-Turkish heritage and identity. <sup>2</sup> In traditional areas of Turkish settlement (i.e. former <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> territories).</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484479#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484479#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484479#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Kyrgyz"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85072513">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120097116">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120097116">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00575451">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Kyrgyzové"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph507312&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007545808405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/kirgizlar">İslâm Ansiklopedisi</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyz_people&oldid=1258427739">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyz_people&oldid=1258427739</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_Kyrgyz_people" title="Category:Ethnic Kyrgyz people">Ethnic Kyrgyz people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Kyrgyzstan">Ethnic groups in Kyrgyzstan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Pakistan">Ethnic groups in Pakistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Afghanistan" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Afghanistan">Ethnic groups in Afghanistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Uzbekistan" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Uzbekistan">Ethnic groups in Uzbekistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_China" title="Category:Ethnic groups in China">Ethnic groups in China</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Turkic_peoples_of_Asia" title="Category:Turkic peoples of Asia">Turkic peoples of Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Modern_nomads" title="Category:Modern nomads">Modern nomads</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pastoralists" title="Category:Pastoralists">Pastoralists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nomadic_groups_in_Eurasia" title="Category:Nomadic groups in Eurasia">Nomadic groups in Eurasia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Muslim_communities_in_Asia" title="Category:Muslim communities in Asia">Muslim communities in Asia</a></li></ul></div><div 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