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class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Turks in Bosnia and Herzegovina</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 9 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-9" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">9 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%83" title="أتراك البوسنة والهرسك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أتراك البوسنة والهرسك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%88_%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%82%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%E2%80%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="بوسنی و هرزقوین تورک‌‌‌لری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بوسنی و هرزقوین تورک‌‌‌لری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Турци в Босна и Херцеговина – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Турци в Босна и Херцеговина" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%88_%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B2%DA%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ترک‌های بوسنی و هرزگوین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ترک‌های بوسنی و هرزگوین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turchi_in_Bosnia_ed_Erzegovina" title="Turchi in Bosnia ed Erzegovina – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Turchi in Bosnia ed Erzegovina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosniya_va_Gersegovinadagi_turklar" title="Bosniya va Gersegovinadagi turklar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bosniya va Gersegovinadagi turklar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Турки в Боснии и Герцеговине – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Турки в Боснии и Герцеговине" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosna-Hersek_T%C3%BCrkleri" title="Bosna-Hersek Türkleri – Turkish" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Turks in Bosnia and Herzegovina</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above nickname" style="font-size:115%; font-weight:normal;"><div lang="Turkish">Bosna Türkleri</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ralamb_-_103_-_Beylerbey_of_Bosnia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Ralamb_-_103_-_Beylerbey_of_Bosnia.jpg/220px-Ralamb_-_103_-_Beylerbey_of_Bosnia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="361" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Ralamb_-_103_-_Beylerbey_of_Bosnia.jpg/330px-Ralamb_-_103_-_Beylerbey_of_Bosnia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Ralamb_-_103_-_Beylerbey_of_Bosnia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="389" data-file-height="638" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Turkish <a href="/wiki/Beylerbey" title="Beylerbey">beylerbey</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_Eyalet" title="Bosnia Eyalet">Bosnia Eyalet</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Turkish minority only:<br /> <b>1,108</b> (2013 census)<sup id="cite_ref-popis_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popis-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_language" title="Bosnian language">Bosnian</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Bosnian is a literary standard based on the Eastern Herzegovinian dialect of Shtokavian, not a language. (June 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turks</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Turks in Bosnia and Herzegovina</b> (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr"><span style="padding-right:0.15em;">Bosna-Hersek'teki Türkler</span></i>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_language" title="Bosnian language">Bosnian</a>: Turci u Bosni i Hercegovini / Турци у Босни и Херцеговини) also referred to as <b>Bosnian Turks</b>, are ethnic <a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turks</a> who form the oldest <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Demographics of Bosnia and Herzegovina">ethnic minority</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-coe_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coe-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Turkish community began to settle in the region in the 15th century under <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> rule, however, many Turks immigrated to <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> when Bosnia and Herzegovina came under <a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-Hungarian">Austro-Hungarian</a> rule.<sup id="cite_ref-coe_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coe-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> conquered the <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnian kingdom">Bosnian kingdom</a> in 1463, a significant <a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turkish</a> community arrived in the region. The Turkish community grew steadily throughout the Ottoman rule of Bosnia; however, after the Ottomans were defeated in the <a href="/wiki/Balkan_Wars" title="Balkan Wars">Balkan Wars</a> (1912–13), the majority of Turks, along with other Muslims living in the region, left their homes and migrated to <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> as "<a href="/wiki/Muhacir" title="Muhacir">Muhacirs</a>" (Muslim refugees from non-Muslim countries). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2003 the Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina adopted the Law on the Protection of Rights of Members of National Minorities. According to the Law, the Turkish minority's cultural, religious, educational, social, economic, and political freedoms are protected by the State.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish language</a> is officially recognized as a minority language of Bosnia and Herzegovina in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/European_Charter_for_Regional_or_Minority_Languages" title="European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages">European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages</a>, under Article 2, paragraph 2, of the 2010 ratification.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the 2013 census, 1,233 people (817 males, 416 females), 990 of whom lived in the <a href="/wiki/Sarajevo_Canton" title="Sarajevo Canton">Sarajevo Canton</a>, declared Turkish as their mother tongue whereas 1,108 (738 males, 370 females), 970 of whom lived in the Sarajevo Canton, declared themselves as ethnic Turks.<sup id="cite_ref-popis_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popis-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Turkish minority practice the <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni</a> branch of <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> but tend to be highly <a href="/wiki/Secular" class="mw-redirect" title="Secular">secular</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Community">Community</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Community"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Turkish community in Bosnia is well provided, due to historical strong bond between both countries. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stari_Most_viewed_from_North.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Stari_Most_viewed_from_North.jpg/620px-Stari_Most_viewed_from_North.jpg" decoding="async" width="620" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Stari_Most_viewed_from_North.jpg/930px-Stari_Most_viewed_from_North.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Stari_Most_viewed_from_North.jpg/1240px-Stari_Most_viewed_from_North.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7676" data-file-height="2777" /></a><figcaption>Stari Most is a 15th century <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Architecture">Ottoman Architecture</a> in Mostar.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/1991_population_census_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="1991 population census in Bosnia and Herzegovina">1991 population census</a> 267 Turks were living in Bosnia and Herzegovina,<sup id="cite_ref-FederalOfficeofStatistics_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FederalOfficeofStatistics-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the <a href="/wiki/2013_population_census_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="2013 population census in Bosnia and Herzegovina">2013 Bosnian census</a> gave a number of 1,108, almost all in the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> (1,097 people).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More than eighty percent of all Turks in Bosnia and Herzegovina live in the capital <a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Noble_families">Noble families</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Noble families"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kadi%C4%87_family" title="Kadić family">Kadić family</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alija_Izetbegovic_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Alija_Izetbegovic_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Alija_Izetbegovic_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Alija_Izetbegovic_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Alija_Izetbegovic_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Alija_Izetbegovic_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-Alija_Izetbegovic_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="755" data-file-height="1056" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alija_Izetbegovi%C4%87" title="Alija Izetbegović">Alija Izetbegović</a> was the first President of the Presidency of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. His grandmother was of <a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turkish</a> origin and was from <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Csk%C3%BCdar" title="Üsküdar">Üsküdar</a> (formerly <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Csk%C3%BCdar" title="Üsküdar">Scutari</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Carmichael_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carmichael-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alija_Izetbegovi%C4%87" title="Alija Izetbegović">Alija Izetbegović</a>, president of the presidency of <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> (Turkish grandmother)<sup id="cite_ref-Carmichael_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carmichael-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>children:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakir_Izetbegovi%C4%87" title="Bakir Izetbegović">Bakir Izetbegović</a>, politician</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aldin_Mustafi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aldin Mustafić (page does not exist)">Aldin Mustafić</a>, a member of the Turkish minority in Bosnia and Herzegovina - wrote a book on the Bosnian language in Arabic script entitled "The Epochs of Arabic phonetic thoughts and <a href="/wiki/Arebica" title="Arebica">Arebica</a>", as part of the influence of Turkish culture in the region - i.e. in Bosnia and Herzegovina.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9E%C3%BCkr%C3%BC_%C3%82li_%C3%96gel" title="Şükrü Âli Ögel">Şükrü Âli Ögel</a>, Turkish Army officer, politician</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osman_Asaf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osman Asaf (page does not exist)">Osman Asaf</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_Asaf" class="extiw" title="tr:Osman Asaf">tr</a>]</span>, painter</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salih_Turgay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salih Turgay (page does not exist)">Salih Turgay</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salih_Turgay" class="extiw" title="tr:Salih Turgay">tr</a>]</span>, politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dervi%C5%A1_Korkut" title="Derviš Korkut">Derviš Korkut</a>, Bosnia and Herzegovina librarian, teacher, humanist and orientalist, he comes from a well-known family of ulema who emigrated from Turkey to Bosnia in the 16th century.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina–Turkey relations">Bosnia and Herzegovina–Turkey relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_minorities_in_the_former_Ottoman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish minorities in the former Ottoman Empire">Turkish minorities in the former Ottoman Empire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_the_Balkans" title="Turks in the Balkans">Turks in the Balkans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_the_Arab_world" title="Turks in the Arab world">Turks in the Arab world</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_(1463%E2%80%931878)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1463–1878)">History of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1463–1878)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Bosnian_families" title="Ottoman Bosnian families">Ottoman Bosnian families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Islam in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Islam in Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhacir" title="Muhacir">Muhacir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosniaks_in_Turkey" title="Bosniaks in Turkey">Bosniaks in Turkey</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-popis-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-popis_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-popis_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.popis.gov.ba/popis2013/knjige.php?id=2">1. Stanovništvo prema etničkoj/nacionalnoj pripadnosti - detaljna klasifikacija</a>". <i>Popis.gov.ba</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-coe-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-coe_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-coe_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCouncil_of_Europe" class="citation web cs1">Council of Europe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/education/minlang/report/PeriodicalReports/Bosnia%20and%20HerzegovinaPR1_en.pdf">"European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages: Bosnia and HerzegovinaLANGUAGES"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-10-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=European+Charter+for+Regional+or+Minority+Languages%3A+Bosnia+and+HerzegovinaLANGUAGES&rft.au=Council+of+Europe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coe.int%2Ft%2Fdg4%2Feducation%2Fminlang%2Freport%2FPeriodicalReports%2FBosnia%2520and%2520HerzegovinaPR1_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+in+Bosnia+and+Herzegovina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOSCE" class="citation web cs1">OSCE. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oscebih.org/default.aspx?id=53&lang=EN">"National Minorities in BiH"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-12-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Minorities+in+BiH&rft.au=OSCE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oscebih.org%2Fdefault.aspx%3Fid%3D53%26lang%3DEN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+in+Bosnia+and+Herzegovina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCouncil_of_Europe" class="citation web cs1">Council of Europe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/Commun/ListeDeclarations.asp?NT=148&CM=8&DF=23/01/05&CL=ENG&VL=1">"List of declarations made with respect to treaty No. 148"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-12-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=List+of+declarations+made+with+respect+to+treaty+No.+148&rft.au=Council+of+Europe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fconventions.coe.int%2FTreaty%2FCommun%2FListeDeclarations.asp%3FNT%3D148%26CM%3D8%26DF%3D23%2F01%2F05%26CL%3DENG%26VL%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+in+Bosnia+and+Herzegovina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinahan1998" class="citation cs2">Minahan, James (1998), <i>Miniature Empires: A Historical Dictionary of the Newly Independent States</i>, Greenwood Publishing Group, p. 46, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0313306109" title="Special:BookSources/0313306109"><bdi>0313306109</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Miniature+Empires%3A+A+Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Newly+Independent+States&rft.pages=46&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0313306109&rft.aulast=Minahan&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+in+Bosnia+and+Herzegovina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FederalOfficeofStatistics-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FederalOfficeofStatistics_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFederal_Office_of_Statistics" class="citation web cs1">Federal Office of Statistics. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110926213349/http://www.fzs.ba/Dem/Popis/NacPopE.htm">"Population grouped according to ethnicity, by censuses 1961-1991"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fzs.ba/Dem/Popis/NacPopE.htm">the original</a> on 2011-09-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-10-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+grouped+according+to+ethnicity%2C+by+censuses+1961-1991&rft.au=Federal+Office+of+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fzs.ba%2FDem%2FPopis%2FNacPopE.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+in+Bosnia+and+Herzegovina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pop-stat.mashke.org/bosnia-ethnic2013.htm">Census 2013</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carmichael-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Carmichael_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carmichael_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarmichael2015" class="citation cs2">Carmichael, Cathie (2015), <i>A Concise History of Bosnia</i>, Greenwood Publishing Group, p. 178, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1316395295" title="Special:BookSources/978-1316395295"><bdi>978-1316395295</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Concise+History+of+Bosnia&rft.pages=178&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1316395295&rft.aulast=Carmichael&rft.aufirst=Cathie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+in+Bosnia+and+Herzegovina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bastinaobjave.com/otvoreni-defter-202/aldin-mustafic/1562-predgovor-knjige-epohe-fonetske-misli-kod-arapa">"Fragmenti iz života Allame Tabatabaija"</a>. 28 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fragmenti+iz+%C5%BEivota+Allame+Tabatabaija&rft.date=2011-12-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bastinaobjave.com%2Fotvoreni-defter-202%2Faldin-mustafic%2F1562-predgovor-knjige-epohe-fonetske-misli-kod-arapa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+in+Bosnia+and+Herzegovina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Ethnic groups in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Ethnic groups</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Constitutive peoples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bosniaks" title="Bosniaks">Bosniaks</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Croats_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Croats</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Serbs_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Serbs</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National minorities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Albanians in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Albanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_diaspora" title="Czech diaspora">Czechs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_diaspora" title="German diaspora">Germans</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarians_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hungarians in Bosnia and Herzegovina (page does not exist)">Hungarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italians_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Italians in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Italians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="History of the Jews in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emigration_from_Kosovo" title="Emigration from Kosovo">Kosovars</a> (part of Albanians in Bosnia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonians_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Macedonians in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Macedonians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrins_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Montenegrins of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Montenegrins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poles_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Poles in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Poles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Romani people in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Roma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_diaspora" title="Romanian diaspora">Romanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russians_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Russians in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Russians</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruthenians_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruthenians in Bosnia and Herzegovina (page does not exist)">Ruthenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_diaspora" title="Slovak diaspora">Slovaks</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slovenians_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slovenians in Bosnia and Herzegovina (page does not exist)">Slovenians</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_diaspora" title="Ukrainian diaspora">Ukrainians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/1991_population_census_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="1991 population census in Bosnia and Herzegovina">1991 census</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2013_population_census_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="2013 population census in Bosnia and Herzegovina">2013 census</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Demographics of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Demographics</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Demographic history of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Demographic History</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Turkish_people_by_country" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Turkish_people_by_country" title="Template:Turkish people by country"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Turkish_people_by_country" title="Template talk:Turkish people by country"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Turkish_people_by_country" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Turkish people by country"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Turkish_people_by_country" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turkish people</a> <a href="/wiki/Turkish_population" title="Turkish population">by country</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditional areas of<br /><a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turkish</a> settlement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkish majorities:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turkey</a> (<a href="/wiki/Muhacir" title="Muhacir">Muhacirs</a>), <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriots" title="Turkish Cypriots">Northern Cyprus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriot_diaspora" title="Turkish Cypriot diaspora">Turkish Cypriot diaspora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkish_settlers_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Turkish settlers in Northern Cyprus">Mainland Turks</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkish minorities <br /> <a href="/wiki/Turks_in_the_Balkans" title="Turks in the Balkans">in the Balkans</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Turks" title="Bulgarian Turks">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Croatia" title="Turks in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li>Greece <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_Turks" class="mw-redirect" title="Cretan Turks">Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_of_the_Dodecanese" title="Turks of the Dodecanese">Dodecanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_of_Western_Thrace" title="Turks of Western Thrace">Western Thrace</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Kosovo" title="Turks in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_North_Macedonia" title="Turks in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Montenegro" title="Turks in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_of_Romania" title="Turks of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Serbia" title="Turks in Serbia">Serbia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkish minorities <br /> in the Caucasus:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Azerbaijan" title="Turks in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li>Georgia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Abkhazia" title="Turks in Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meskhetian_Turks" title="Meskhetian Turks">Meskhetia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkish minorities <br /> in the Levant:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Turkmen" title="Iraqi Turkmen">Iraq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkmeneli" title="Turkmeneli">Turkmeneli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Turks in Israel">Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Jews_in_Israel" title="Turkish Jews in Israel">Jews</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Jordan" title="Turks in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Turks in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Palestine" title="Turks in Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Turkmen" title="Syrian Turkmen">Syria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_Mountain" title="Turkmen Mountain">Turkmen Mountain</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkish minorities <br /> in North Africa:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Algeria" title="Turks in Algeria">Algeria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kouloughlis" title="Kouloughlis">Kouloughlis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Egypt" title="Turks in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Libya" title="Turks in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Tunisia" title="Turks in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Turks in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Yemen" title="Turks in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diaspora in Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_South_Africa" title="Turks in South Africa">South Africa</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diaspora in <a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Europe" title="Turks in Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Austria" title="Turks in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Belgium" title="Turks in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Turks in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Denmark" title="Turks in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Finland" title="Turks in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_France" title="Turks in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Germany" title="Turks in Germany">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Berlin" title="Turks in Berlin">Berlin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Hungary" title="Turks in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Ireland" title="Turks in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Italy" title="Turks in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Liechtenstein" title="Turks in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_the_Netherlands" title="Turks in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Norway" title="Turks in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Poland" title="Turks in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Turks in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Spain" title="Turks in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Sweden" title="Turks in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Switzerland" title="Turks in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Turks" title="British Turks">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_community_of_London" title="Turkish community of London">London</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diaspora in North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Canadians" title="Turkish Canadians">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Mexico" title="Turks in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Americans" title="Turkish Americans">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turks_of_South_Carolina" title="Turks of South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diaspora in the Persian Gulf</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Kuwait" title="Turks in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Qatar" title="Turks in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Turks in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diaspora in Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Australians" title="Turkish Australians">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_New_Zealanders" title="Turkish New Zealanders">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diaspora in South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Argentines" title="Turkish Argentines">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turco-brasileiro" class="extiw" title="pt:Turco-brasileiro">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Venezuelan" title="Turkish Venezuelan">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diaspora in South Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkic_people_in_Afghanistan" title="Turkic people in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_India" title="Turks in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Pakistan" title="Turks in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diaspora in East Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Turks in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Japan" title="Turks in Japan">Japan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diaspora in Post-Soviet States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Azerbaijan" title="Turks in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Kazakhstan" title="Turks in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Turks in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Russia" title="Turks in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Turkmenistan" title="Turks in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Ukraine" title="Turks in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Uzbekistan" title="Turks in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turkophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkophobia">Turkophobia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Muslims_during_Ottoman_contraction" class="mw-redirect" title="Persecution of Muslims during Ottoman contraction">Persecution of Muslims during Ottoman contraction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exodus_of_Muslims_from_Serbia_(1862)" title="Exodus of Muslims from Serbia (1862)">Exodus of Muslims from Serbia (1862)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkuk_Massacre_of_1924" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirkuk Massacre of 1924">Kirkuk Massacre of 1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportation_of_the_Meskhetian_Turks" title="Deportation of the Meskhetian Turks">1944 Deportation of the Meskhetian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavurba%C4%9F%C4%B1_massacre" title="Gavurbağı massacre">Gavurbağı massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exodus_of_Turks_from_Bulgaria_(1950-1951)" class="mw-redirect" title="Exodus of Turks from Bulgaria (1950-1951)">Exodus of Turks from Bulgaria (1950-1951)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Turks#Assimilation_policy_(1956–1989)" title="Bulgarian Turks">1956–1989 Assimilation of Bulgarian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Turkmen#Kirkuk_massacre_of_1959" title="Iraqi Turkmen">1959 Kirkuk massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloody_Christmas_(1963)" title="Bloody Christmas (1963)">Bloody Christmas (1963)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akritas_plan" title="Akritas plan">Akritas plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaanderwijk_riots" title="Afrikaanderwijk riots">Afrikaanderwijk riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revival_Process" title="Revival Process">Revival Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tochni_massacre" title="Tochni massacre">Tochni massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maratha,_Santalaris_and_Aloda_massacre" title="Maratha, Santalaris and Aloda massacre">Maratha, Santalaris and Aloda massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_diplomats_assassinated_by_Armenian_militant_organisations" title="List of Turkish diplomats assassinated by Armenian militant organisations">Turkish diplomats assassinated by Armenian militant organisations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Taha_Car%C4%B1m" title="Assassination of Taha Carım">Assassination of Taha Carım</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Orhan_G%C3%BCnd%C3%BCz" title="Assassination of Orhan Gündüz">Assassination of Orhan Gündüz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Erkut_Akbay" title="Assassination of Erkut Akbay">Assassination of Erkut Akbay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Galip_Balkar" title="Assassination of Galip Balkar">Assassination of Galip Balkar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Orly_Airport_attack" title="1983 Orly Airport attack">1983 Orly Airport attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fergana_massacre" title="Fergana massacre">1989 Fergana massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Komotini_events" title="1990 Komotini events">1990 Komotini events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Altun_Kupri_massacre" title="1991 Altun Kupri massacre">1991 Altun Kupri massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Solingen_arson_attack" title="1993 Solingen arson attack">1993 Solingen arson attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Underground_murders" title="National Socialist Underground murders">National Socialist Underground murders</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Enver_%C5%9Eim%C5%9Fek" title="Murder of Enver Şimşek">Murder of Enver Şimşek</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Cologne_bombing" title="2004 Cologne bombing">2004 Cologne bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banya_Bashi_Mosque_clashes" title="Banya Bashi Mosque clashes">Banya Bashi Mosque clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Turkmen_genocide" title="Iraqi Turkmen genocide">Iraqi Turkmen genocide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_communities_and_minorities_in_the_former_Ottoman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish communities and minorities in the former Ottoman Empire">Turkish communities and minorities in the former Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_population" title="Turkish population">Turkish population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Europe" title="Turks in Europe">Turks in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_the_Arab_world" title="Turks in the Arab world">Turks in the Arab world</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kouloughlis" title="Kouloughlis">Kouloughlis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_the_Balkans" title="Turks in the Balkans">Turks in the Balkans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_the_former_Soviet_Union" title="Turks in the former Soviet Union">Turks in the former Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_diaspora" title="Turkish diaspora">Turkish diaspora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 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